Method for fixing object

Abstract

To reduce working time and cost when fixing a solar panel or the like to a roof or the like.SOLUTION: The method includes a temporary fixing step of temporarily fixing a base 113 to a front 103a of a flat roof 103 using temporary fixing means 111, a quick-drying layer forming step of forming a quick-drying layer 115 by spraying a polyurea resin across the front 103a and the base 113 in a quick-drying manner and permanently fixing the base 113 to the front 103a, a slow-drying layer forming step of forming a slow-drying layer 117 by spraying a polyurea resin onto the front of the quick-drying layer 115 on the cured base 113 in a slow-drying manner, and a bonding and fixing step of fixing a solar panel 120 to the base 113 by bonding the solar panel 120 to the slow-drying layer 117 while the slow-drying layer 117 maintains fluidity and curing the slow-drying layer 117.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for fixing an object to a target surface. [Background technology]

[0002] Many buildings are equipped with various types of equipment, such as solar panels and solar water heater collectors. Each of these devices is fixed to the roof or wall of the building using, for example, dedicated mounting brackets. Examples of such mounting brackets include bolts that penetrate the roof and are fixed to the roof, or anchors that are partially embedded in the building. Drilling bolt holes and burying anchors in buildings can cause rainwater to seep into the building. To prevent this, rainwater infiltration prevention measures are taken during these construction works.

[0003] Patent Document 1 describes a method for fixing solar cells, in which a solar cell module is fixed to an installation target such as a roof using fixing devices (mounting brackets). The fixing devices are fixed to the roof with bolts that penetrate the roofing material. In Patent Document 1, the bolts protruding from one side of the roofing material and the surface of the roofing material are entirely covered with a resin coating layer that has a waterproofing function, thereby preventing rainwater from entering the building through the through-holes opened in the roofing material.

[0004] In Patent Document 1, in order to prevent the resin from adhering to the support part of the fixing tool that supports the solar cell module, it is necessary to cover the support part with a masking material such as masking tape before forming the resin coating layer. In addition, after forming the resin coating layer, it is necessary to remove the masking material, which is a cumbersome process. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6472586 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to provide a new fixing method that can reduce work time and costs when fixing an object to be fixed, such as a solar panel, to a fixing target portion, such as a roof. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized by including a quick-drying layer forming process in which a polyurethane resin is sprayed onto a target surface in a manner that allows it to dry quickly, thereby forming a quick-drying layer that covers the target surface; a slow-drying layer forming process in which the polyurethane resin is sprayed onto the surface of the hardened quick-drying layer in a manner that allows it to dry slowly, thereby forming a slow-drying layer; and an adhesive fixing process in which the first fixed object is fixed to the slow-drying layer while the slow-drying layer retains its fluidity, and the slow-drying layer is hardened, thereby fixing the first fixed object. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the work time and cost when fixing an object to a fixing target portion such as a roof. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a building with solar panels installed on a flat roof. [Figure 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a fixing structure for a solar panel according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a spraying device for a polyurethane resin. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the installation process of a solar panel. [Figure 5] 10(a) to 10(c) are cross-sectional views showing the installation procedure of each solar panel. [Figure 6] 10(d) to 10(f) are cross-sectional views showing the installation procedure of each solar panel. [Figure 7]10(a) to 10(c) are perspective views showing the procedure for installing a plurality of solar panels. [Figure 8] 10(d) to 10(f) are perspective views showing the procedure for installing a plurality of solar panels. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a fixing structure for a solar panel according to a second embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a fixing structure for a solar panel according to a third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present invention will be described in detail below using the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, unless otherwise specified, the components, types, combinations, shapes, relative positions, etc. described in these embodiments are merely illustrative examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0011] First Embodiment The present invention will be described below based on an example in which solar panels are installed on a flat roof. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a building with solar panels installed on a flat roof, and Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar panel fixing structure according to a first embodiment.

[0012] The fixing structure 1 for a solar panel (first fixing object, target equipment) 120 comprises a base (second fixing object) 113 fixed on a flat roof 103 of a building 101, a quick-drying layer 115 that straddles and covers the surface 103a of the flat roof 103 and the base 113, a slow-drying layer 117 formed on the quick-drying layer 115 on the base 113, and a solar panel 120 whose back surface is adhered to the slow-drying layer 117. Note that reference numeral 105 in the drawing denotes a primer layer formed on the surface 103a of the flat roof 103.

[0013] The solar panel 120 is an example of a device that is fixed to the flat roof 103. The flat roof 103 is an example of an object that has a target portion (or target surface) to which a device such as the solar panel 120 is fixed.

[0014] <Structure> <<Foundation>> The base 113 is a means for spacing the solar panel 120 from the surface 103a of the flat roof 103. The base 113 may be, for example, a bar having a rectangular cross section. The height H of the base may be constant in the longitudinal direction of the base 113, or may gradually increase from one end 113a to the other end 113b in the longitudinal direction of the base 113.

[0015] The base 113 prevents rainwater from accumulating on the surface of the solar panel 120. In other words, the base 113 separates the solar panel 120 from the flat roof 103 (or creates a level difference or gap between the two), thereby preventing rainwater that has accumulated on the flat roof 103 from moving onto the solar panel 120. The base 113 also functions as a means for giving the solar panel 120 a predetermined inclination angle (angle of elevation) to promote the flow of rainwater down. Furthermore, the base 113 also functions as a means for increasing the efficiency of power generation by setting the solar panel 120 at an elevation angle corresponding to the elevation angle of the sun.

[0016] The base 113 only needs to have the strength to support the solar panel 120 and the deformation resistance to the extent that it can maintain its shape for a long period of time. As an example, the base 113 can be made of wood (lumber), polystyrene foam, metal, etc. The base 113 may have any shape and size that allows for the formation of a slow-drying layer 117 on its surface that is large enough to adhere and hold the solar panel 120. The base 113 may be composed of multiple segments that are divided in the longitudinal direction. The base 113 is permanently fixed to the flat roof 103 by the quick-drying layer 115, but before the quick-drying layer 115 is formed, it is temporarily fixed to the flat roof 103 by temporary fixing means 111.

[0017] <<Temporary fixing means>> The temporary fixing means 111 is a means for temporarily fixing the base 113 to the flat roof 103 . The temporary fixing means 111 may be a double-sided tape attached to the opposing surfaces of the base 113 and the flat roof 103, an adhesive applied to the opposing surfaces, or a masking tape attached across the base 113 and the flat roof 103. The temporary fixing means 111 only needs to have a fixing strength sufficient to hold the base 113 so that the base 113 does not shift from a predetermined position on the flat roof 103 when the quick-drying layer 115 is formed. It is acceptable if the temporary fixing means 111 loses its adhesive strength after the quick-drying layer 115 is formed.

[0018] <<Quick drying layer / slow drying layer>> The quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 are coatings made of the same resin material. The quick-drying layer 115 is thinner than the slow-drying layer 117 and is made to dry and harden faster (to be able to dry quickly) than the slow-drying layer. The slow-drying layer 117 is thicker than the quick-drying layer 115 and is made to dry and harden slower (to be able to dry slowly) than the quick-drying layer. Note that drying and hardening (hardening) here means that the adhesion to the surface of each layer is lost.

[0019] The quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 are made of a polyurea resin that does not hydrolyze. The polyurea resin referred to here is one that does not contain a polyol component and in which 80% or more of the components that bond with isocyanate are amine components. Among such polyurea resins, pure polyurea, in which 100% of the components that bond with isocyanate are amine components, is particularly preferably used. An example of the pure polyurea is Rhino Extreme, manufactured by Rhino Linings.

[0020] The characteristics of Rhino Extreme are as follows: TIFF2026019610000002.tif47156

[0021] The gel time of this product is 7-10 seconds.

[0022] The quick-drying layer 115 is applied so as to straddle the base 113 and the flat roof 103. The quick-drying layer 115 covers the entire base 113 and the temporary fixing means 111 so that they are not exposed to the outside. The quick-drying layer 115 functions as a coating waterproofing means that waterproofs the flat roof 103. The quick-drying layer 115 functions as a final fixing means that permanently fixes the base 113 to the flat roof 103. The slow-drying layer 117 is applied to the upper surface (surface) of the base 113, overlapping the quick-drying layer 115. The slow-drying layer 117 functions as an adhesive means for adhering the solar panel 120 to the base 113. The slow-drying layer 117 is formed on at least the portion of the surface of the base 113 where the solar panel is to be adhered.

[0023] <<<Spraying equipment>>> FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a spraying device for a polyurethane resin. Polyurea resin is produced by mixing a polyisocyanate compound (base compound) and an amine compound (curing agent) containing active hydrogen with a spray gun, causing a chemical reaction.

[0024] The spraying device 30 is equipped with a first tank 31 containing a polyisocyanate compound 41, a second tank 32 containing an amine compound 42, a first pump 33 that delivers the compound 41 from the first tank 31, a second pump 34 that delivers the compound 42 from the second tank 32, a high-pressure metering pump 35 that applies sufficient pressure to both compounds 41, 42 to deliver a predetermined amount, a heater 36 that heats both compounds 41, 42 being transported, a heated hose 37 that maintains the temperatures of both compounds 41, 42, and a spray gun 38 that includes a nozzle 39 that causes both compounds 41, 42 to collide and mix, and ejects them in a mist state.

[0025] The spraying device 30 also includes a reaction control device that controls the high-pressure metering pump 35 to adjust the mixing ratio of the two compounds to an appropriate ratio, and controls the heater to vary the heating temperature, etc. The polyisocyanate compound 41 contained in the first tank 31 and the amine compound 42 contained in the second tank 32 are pumped up by the corresponding pumps 33, 34 and then pumped out in a pressurized state to a predetermined pressure by a high-pressure metering pump 35. Both compounds are heated to a predetermined temperature by a heater 36 and then sent to a spray gun 38. A heated hose 37 maintains the temperature of both heated compounds until they are supplied to the spray gun 38.

[0026] The spray gun 38 causes the two compounds 41, 42 to collide and mix, and then sprays the mixture in the form of a mist from the nozzle 39. The sprayed compounds 41, 42 undergo a chemical reaction to produce a polyurea resin 43. The polyurea resin 43 solidifies on the surface to be sprayed, forming a fast-drying layer 115 or a slow-drying layer 117 as shown in FIG. 2 etc.

[0027] <<<Film Thickness Control>>> The quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 are adjusted so as to withstand the design wind pressure load calculated in accordance with "JIS C 8955: Method for Calculating Design Loads for Solar Cell Array Supports." In other words, the quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 are formed so as to adhere the solar panel 120 with a strength sufficient to withstand the design wind pressure load and to hold the solar panel 120 on the flat roof 103.

[0028] Furthermore, the thickness t1 of quick-drying layer 115 is set to a thickness that can take advantage of the quick-drying properties of the polyurethane resin. For example, the thickness t1 of quick-drying layer 115 can be set to about 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm, which is a thickness that allows the polyurethane resin to dry and harden in a few seconds to about 30 seconds.

[0029] The thickness t2 of the slow-drying layer 117 is set to a thickness that allows time for the worker who applied the polyurethane resin to retreat and install the solar panel 120, and that allows the solar panel 120 to be adhered with necessary and sufficient strength to the slow-drying layer 117. For example, the thickness t2 of the slow-drying layer 117 can be about 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm, which is a thickness that allows the polyurethane resin to dry and harden in about 30 seconds to 60 seconds. The thickness of each layer is controlled to at least satisfy the relationship [thickness t1 of quick-drying layer 115≦thickness t2 of slow-drying layer 117]. Even when thickness t1 = thickness t2, it is possible to adjust the drying and curing time of the polyurea resin by controlling other parameters during spraying.

[0030] The various conditions related to the spray device 30 do not change when forming the quick-drying layer 115 and when forming the slow-drying layer 117. The "various conditions related to the spray device 30" include the types of polyisocyanate compound and amine compound used, the mixing ratio of both compounds (the type of polyurea resin sprayed from the spray gun 38), the heating temperature of both compounds, the type of nozzle 39 attached to the spray gun 38, and the amount of polyurea resin sprayed from the nozzle 39 per unit time [ml / s].

[0031] Typically, the film thickness of the polyurea resin is controlled by increasing or decreasing the number of sprays (or the number of times the spray gun 38 is moved back and forth) while maintaining a substantially constant distance between the surface to be sprayed and the nozzle 39 of the spray gun 38. In this embodiment, the film thickness t (t1, t2) and the curing time T (T1, T2) between the fast-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 are controlled to change by particularly changing the distance D (D1, D2) [m] between the surface to be sprayed and the nozzle 39 of the spray gun 38.

[0032] Specifically, when forming the quick-drying layer 115, the distance D1 is set to 50 to 100 cm. In this state, for example, by spraying once in one direction with a moving speed V1 of the injection center of the spray gun 38 projected onto the target surface of 1.0 to 2.0 m / s (a speed at which 1 meter is sprayed in 0.5 to 1.0 seconds), the film thickness t1 can be set to 0.5 to 1.0 mm. To increase the film thickness t1 of the quick-drying layer 115, the number of sprays is increased. This increases the film thickness without prolonging the curing time as much as possible. For example, to achieve a film thickness t1 of 1.0 mm, the polyurethane resin is sprayed back and forth once.

[0033] When forming the slow-drying layer 117, the distance D2 is set to 5 to 15 cm. In this state, for example, by spraying once in one direction with a moving speed V2 of the injection center of the spray gun 38 projected onto the target surface of 0.3 to 0.7 m / s (a speed at which 1 meter is sprayed in 1.5 to 3.0 seconds), the film thickness t2 can be set to 1.0 to 3.0 mm. To increase the film thickness t2 of the slow-drying layer 117, the distance D2 is shortened or the speed V2 is controlled to be slower than V1. When forming the slow-drying layer 117, it is desirable not to increase the number of sprays.

[0034] The relationship between the parameters related to the formation of the fast-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 can be summarized as follows: TIFF2026019610000003.tif41151

[0035] By carrying out such spray control, it is possible to control the film thickness t and curing time T for the quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 without changing any of the conditions on the spraying device side. Furthermore, because the conditions on the spraying device side are not changed, the quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 can be formed consecutively. In other words, the slow-drying layer 117 can be formed immediately after the quick-drying layer 115 has dried and cured, and then the solar panel 120 can be installed.

[0036] When an external force is applied to peel the solar panel 120 from the flat roof 103, the quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117 resist the external force due to the elongation of the polyurethane resin itself, preventing the solar panel 120 from detaching from the base 113 or the flat roof 103. Because the base 113 is covered with the quick-drying layer 115, the solar panel 120 will be held to the flat roof 103 even if the temporary fixing means 111 peels off from the flat roof 103.

[0037] <<Solar panels>> A sheet-like object is suitable as the solar panel 120. The solar panel 120 only needs to have a back sheet, which is the rear surface thereof, configured to be suitable for adhesion to the slow-drying layer 117, and other configurations are not particularly limited.

[0038] <Installation process> Fig. 4 is a flow diagram showing the installation process of the solar panels. Figs. 5(a) to 5(c) and Figs. 6(d) to 6(f) are cross-sectional views showing the installation procedure of each solar panel.

[0039] Single solar panel installation In step S1 (roof surface cleaning process), the roof surface to be treated is cleaned. As an example, this process may include high-pressure washing of the roof surface, removal of the existing waterproofing layer, polishing of the base, repairing cracks, and preparation of the base with resin slag (polymer cement paste). Each step is carried out as needed, as long as the surface 103a of the flat roof 103 is in a condition suitable for forming a quick-drying layer.

[0040] In step S2 (primer application step), a primer 51 is applied to the surface 103a of the flat roof 103 (FIG. 5(a)). The primer 51 can be applied by any method, such as roller application using a roller brush 50, brush application, spraying, etc. In step S3 (temporarily fixing the base), the base 113 is temporarily fixed to the flat roof 103 (FIGS. 5(b) and 5(c)). For example, if double-sided tape is used as the temporary fixing means 111, the double-sided tape is attached to a predetermined location on the flat roof 103 (FIG. 5(b)), and the base 113 is temporarily fixed to the flat roof 103 via the double-sided tape (FIG. 5(c)).

[0041] In step S4 (quick-drying layer forming step), polyurethane resin 43 is sprayed so as to dry quickly, forming a thin quick-drying layer 115 (FIG. 6(d)). When forming the quick-drying layer 115, for example, the distance D1 between the spray gun 38 and the flat roof 103 (the surface to be sprayed) is set to about 50 to 100 cm, and then a layer of polyurethane resin 43 with a thickness t1 is formed. After the quick-drying layer 115 has dried and hardened, the next step is carried out.

[0042] In step S5 (slow-drying layer forming step), polyurethane resin 43 is sprayed onto the surface of the hardened quick-drying layer 115 on the base 113 in a slow-drying manner to form a thick slow-drying layer 117 (FIG. 6(e)). When forming the slow-drying layer 117, for example, the distance D2 between the spray gun 38 and the quick-drying layer 115 (the surface to be sprayed) on the base 113 is set to about 5 to 15 cm, and then a layer of polyurethane resin 43 having a thickness t2 is formed.

[0043] In step S6 (solar panel adhesive fixing process), the solar panel 120 is installed. That is, while the slow-drying layer 117 is still fluid, the back surface of the solar panel 120 is pressed against the slow-drying layer 117 to adhere it (FIG. 6(f)). Once the slow-drying layer 117 has hardened, the solar panel 120 is fixed onto the base 113 via the slow-drying layer 117, and installation of the solar panel 120 is complete. After all the solar panels 120 that should be installed have been installed (Yes in step S7), the spraying device 30 is disassembled and cleaned as necessary (step S8).

[0044] <<Installation of multiple solar panels>> 7(a) to 7(c) and 8(d) to 8(f) are perspective views showing the procedure for installing a plurality of solar panels. As shown in Figure 8(f), when multiple solar panels 120A to 120J are installed on one roof surface (specific installation target area), steps S1 to S4 in Figure 4 are performed for each roof surface (specific installation target area), and steps S5 and S6 are performed for each solar panel.

[0045] That is, as shown in FIG. 7(a), cleaning (step S1) and application of primer 51 (step S2) are carried out on the portion of the surface 103a of the flat roof 103 where the quick-drying layer 115 is to be formed.

[0046] 7(b), after temporarily fixing the plurality of bases 113A to 113J to the flat roof 103 (step S3), polyurethane resin 43 is sprayed to form the quick-drying layer 115. In this way, all of the bases 113A to 113J are permanently fixed to the flat roof 103 (step S4). As shown in Figure 7(c), polyurethane resin 43 is sprayed onto the surface of a set of bases 113A supporting one solar panel to form a slow-drying layer 117 (see Figure 6(e)) (step S5). As shown in Figure 8(d), solar panel 120A is bonded to bases 113A via the slow-drying layer (step S6).

[0047] If there are still solar panels 120 to be installed (No in step S7), as shown in Figure 8(d), polyurethane resin 43 is sprayed onto the surface of the next set of bases 113B to form a slow-drying layer 117 (see Figure 6(e)) (step S5), and solar panels 120B are adhered to the bases 113B via the slow-drying layer (Figure 8(e), step S6).

[0048] Thereafter, the operations of steps S5 and S6 are repeatedly executed until there are no more solar panels 120 to be installed.

[0049] As shown in FIG. 8(f), when installation of all the solar panels 120A to 120J to be installed has been completed (Yes in step S7), the solar panel installation process is completed. After all solar panels 120A to 120J have been installed, spraying device 30 is disassembled and cleaned as needed (step S8).

[0050] <<Cleaning the spraying device>> If a relatively long time passes between uses of the spray device 30 (for example, one day or more), the various parts of the spray device 30 are cleaned (the spray device is reset or initialized).

[0051] 3 is disassembled, cleaned with an organic solvent (e.g., acetone), greased, and then reassembled. The inside of each flow path through which the polyisocyanate compound 41 and the amine compound 42 pass and the inside of the heater hose 37 in the spray device 30 are cleaned with an organic solvent. In addition, in order to store the spray device 30 until the next use, the inside of each flow path and the heater hose 37 are filled with a moisture-free plasticizer or oil (e.g., DOP: dioctyl phthalate).

[0052] In particular, since isocyanate is prone to hardening by reacting with moisture in the air, the above maintenance is essential when the time until the next use of the spray device 30 is relatively long. In the present invention, since the slow-drying layer 117 can be formed immediately after the formation of the slow-drying layer 117, the above-mentioned maintenance of the spraying device 30 is not required between the process of forming the quick-drying layer and the process of forming the slow-drying layer.

[0053] <<Example of work when changing the polyurea resin used>> When the same spraying device 30 is used to spray the quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117, and the polyurea resin used for the quick-drying layer and the slow-drying layer is different, either operation 1 or operation 2 described below is required.

[0054] Operation 1: Cleaning the spraying device 30 (cleaning the spray gun 38, the flow paths of the polyisocyanate compound 41 and the amine compound 42, and the inside of the heater hose 37). Or, Operation 2: After the quick-drying layer 115 is formed, the material for the slow-drying layer 117 is placed in the first tank 31 and the second tank 32, and polyurea resin is sprayed until the material for the slow-drying layer 117 is discharged from the spray gun 38. This replaces the material for the quick-drying layer 115 in the polyisocyanate compound 41 and amine compound 42 paths of the spraying device 30 with the material for the slow-drying layer 117.

[0055] In this embodiment, the same polyurethane resin is used for the quick-drying layer 115 and the slow-drying layer 117, so cleaning the spraying device 30 or spraying resin is not necessary, reducing the time and cost required for these tasks.

[0056] <Application example> In this embodiment, a solar panel is shown as the equipment to be installed on a flat roof, but the equipment to be installed on a flat roof may be equipment other than a solar panel that is to be fixed to a flat roof. In this embodiment, a flat roof is shown as the target for installing the equipment, but the target for installing the equipment is not limited to a flat roof. The target for installing the equipment may be a folded-plate roof, a corrugated roof, or the like, which does not have a flat surface. Furthermore, the target for installing the equipment may be a wall surface or the like other than a roof.

[0057] <Effects> According to the fixing method of this embodiment, the base and solar panel can be installed without any modification to the flat roof, such as drilling bolt holes through the roof or embedding anchor bolts. This prevents rainwater from entering the building through holes in the roof material.

[0058] The quick-drying layer takes a relatively short time to harden, so the slow-drying layer can be formed immediately after the quick-drying layer, shortening the construction period.The same polyurea resin is used for both the quick-drying and slow-drying layers, so they are firmly bonded together.

[0059] This reduces the time and cost involved in maintaining the spraying device. In other words, cleaning of the spraying device is not required between the quick-drying layer formation process and the slow-drying layer formation process. Conversely, the slow-drying layer formation process is carried out after the quick-drying layer formation process has been carried out, but before disassembly and cleaning of the spraying device is required. Because the same polyurethane resin is used for both the quick-drying layer and the slow-drying layer, disassembly and cleaning of the spraying device or waste spraying are not required, reducing the time and cost required for these tasks.

[0060] Second Embodiment FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a fixing structure for a solar panel according to the second embodiment. In this fixing structure 2, the solar panel 120 may have an adhesion improving portion 121 on its back surface to improve adhesion between the solar panel 120 and the slow-drying layer 117. The adhesion improving portion may be a portion with protrusions 122, irregularities, or steps, as shown in the figure. Alternatively, the adhesion improving portion may be a portion that has been subjected to plasma irradiation treatment, chemical treatment, surface roughening treatment, or the like.

[0061] Third Embodiment FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar panel fixing structure according to the third embodiment. In the fixed structure 3, the base supporting the solar panel 120 may be omitted. In this case, step S3 in Fig. 4 is omitted. The fixed structure 3 includes a quick-drying layer 115 that covers the surface 103a of the flat roof 103, a slow-drying layer 117 formed on top of the quick-drying layer 115, and a solar panel 120 whose back surface is adhered to the slow-drying layer 117. The slow-drying layer 117 is formed on a portion of the quick-drying layer 115 where the solar panel 120 will be installed.

[0062] [Summary of embodiments, actions, and effects of the present invention] <First embodiment> The method for fixing an object (solar panel 120) according to this embodiment is characterized by including a quick-drying layer forming process (step S4) in which polyurethane resin is sprayed onto the object surface (surface 103a of flat roof 103) in a quick-drying manner to form a quick-drying layer 115 that covers the object surface, a slow-drying layer forming process (step S5) in which polyurethane resin is sprayed onto the surface of the hardened quick-drying layer in a slow-drying manner to form a slow-drying layer 117, and an adhesive fixing process (step S6) in which a first object to be fixed (solar panel 120) is adhered to the slow-drying layer while the slow-drying layer retains its fluidity, and the slow-drying layer is hardened to fix the first object to be fixed.

[0063] In this embodiment, the target object can be installed without drilling bolt holes or embedding anchor bolts in the building or other structure that constitutes the target surface, thereby preventing rainwater from seeping into the building or other structure that constitutes the target surface. The quick-drying layer takes a relatively short time to harden, so the slow-drying layer can be formed immediately after the quick-drying layer, shortening the construction period.The same polyurea resin is used for both the quick-drying and slow-drying layers, so they are firmly bonded together.

[0064] <Second embodiment> The method for fixing an object (solar panel 120) according to this embodiment is characterized by including a temporary fixing process (step S3) for temporarily fixing a second object to be fixed (base 113) to the object surface (surface 103a of flat roof 103); a quick-drying layer forming process (step S4) for permanently fixing the second object to be fixed to the object surface by spraying a quick-drying polyurethane resin across the object surface and the second object to form a quick-drying layer 115 that covers the object surface and the second object to be fixed; a slow-drying layer forming process (step S5) for forming a slow-drying layer by spraying a slow-drying polyurethane resin onto the surface of the quick-drying layer on the hardened second object to be fixed; and an adhesive fixing process (step S6) for fixing the first object to be fixed (solar panel 120) to the second object to be fixed by adhering the first object to the slow-drying layer while the slow-drying layer retains its fluidity and hardening the slow-drying layer.

[0065] In this embodiment, the foundation and the target object can be installed without drilling bolt holes or embedding anchor bolts in the building or other structure that constitutes the target surface, thereby preventing rainwater from seeping into the building or other structure that constitutes the target surface. The quick-drying layer takes a relatively short time to harden, so the slow-drying layer can be formed immediately after the quick-drying layer, shortening the construction period.The same polyurea resin is used for both the quick-drying and slow-drying layers, so they are firmly bonded together.

[0066] <Third embodiment> In the method for fixing an object (solar panel 120) according to this embodiment, the target surface is the surface 103a of the roof (flat roof 103), the first fixing object is the solar panel 120, and the second fixing object is a base 113 that supports the solar panel at a distance from the surface of the roof. This embodiment has the same effects as the second embodiment.

[0067] <Fourth embodiment> In the method for fixing an object (solar panel 120) according to this embodiment, the slow-drying layer forming process (step S5) is a process in which the same polyurethane resin as that used in the quick-drying layer forming process (step S4) is formed on the surface of the quick-drying layer 115 using the spraying device 30 used in the quick-drying layer forming process, and in the slow-drying layer forming process, the distance between the nozzle 39 of the spraying device and the surface to which the polyurethane resin is sprayed is made shorter than in the quick-drying layer forming process, so that the slow-drying layer is formed thicker than the quick-drying layer.

[0068] The fast-drying layer is a layer in which the polyurea resin dries and hardens relatively quickly, while the slow-drying layer is a layer in which the polyurea resin dries and hardens relatively slowly. Both layers are composed of the same polyurea resin, but the film thickness of both layers can be controlled without changing the conditions on the spraying equipment. In other words, the drying and hardening times of both layers can be controlled by changing the distance between the nozzle and the surface to be sprayed. This embodiment reduces the time and cost required for maintenance of the spraying device. That is, since the same polyurethane resin can be used for both the fast-drying layer and the slow-drying layer without changing the conditions of the spraying device, there is no need to disassemble and clean the spraying device or perform waste spraying, which reduces the time and cost required for these tasks.

[0069] <Fifth embodiment> In the method for fixing an object (solar panel 120) according to this embodiment, the quick-drying layer forming process (step S4) and the slow-drying layer forming process (step S5) are processes in which the same polyurethane resin is sprayed using the same spraying device 30, and the slow-drying layer forming process is characterized in that it is performed after the quick-drying layer forming process has been performed and before disassembly and cleaning of the spraying device is required. According to this aspect, the time and cost involved in maintenance of the spraying device can be reduced. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] D1, D2... distance, V1, V2... speed, t1, t2... film thickness, T1, T2... curing time, H... base height, 1, 2, 3... fixed structure, 30... spraying equipment, 31... first tank, 32... second tank, 33... first pump, 34... second pump, 35... high-pressure metering pump, 36... heater, 37... heated hose, 38... spray gun, 39... nozzle, 41... polyisocyanate compound, 42... Amine compound, 43...polyurea resin, 50...roller brush, 51...primer, 101...building, 103...flat roof, 103a...surface (target surface), 111...temporary fixing means, 113...base (second fixing target), 113a...one end, 113b...other end, 115...quick-drying layer, 117...slow-drying layer, 120...solar panel (target, first fixing target), 121...adhesion improving portion, 122...protrusion

Claims

1. a quick-drying layer forming step of spraying a polyurethane resin onto a target surface in a quick-drying manner to form a quick-drying layer that covers the target surface; a slow-drying layer forming step of spraying the polyurethane resin onto the surface of the cured quick-drying layer in a slow-drying manner to form a slow-drying layer; A method for fixing an object, comprising: an adhesive fixing process for fixing the first object to be fixed by adhering the first object to the slow-drying layer while the slow-drying layer retains its fluidity and hardening the slow-drying layer.

2. a temporary fixing step of temporarily fixing a second fixing object to the target surface; a quick-drying layer forming step of spraying a polyurethane resin so as to be quick-drying across the target surface and the second object to be fixed, thereby forming a quick-drying layer that covers the target surface and the second object to be fixed, and finally fixing the second object to the target surface; a slow-drying layer forming step of forming the slow-drying layer by spraying the polyurea resin onto the surface of the hardened quick-drying layer on the second fixing object in a slow-drying manner; a bonding and fixing step of fixing the first object to the second object by adhering the first object to the slow-drying layer while the slow-drying layer retains its fluidity and hardening the slow-drying layer.

3. the target surface is a roof surface; the first fixed object is a solar panel, 3. The method for fixing an object according to claim 2, wherein the second fixing object is a base that supports the solar panel while separating it from the surface of the roof.

4. the slow-drying layer forming step is a step of forming the same polyurea resin as in the quick-drying layer forming step on a surface of the quick-drying layer by using the spraying device used in the quick-drying layer forming step; A method for fixing an object described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the slow-drying layer forming process, the distance between the nozzle of the spraying device and the surface to which the polyurethane resin is sprayed is made shorter than in the quick-drying layer forming process, and the slow-drying layer is formed thicker than the quick-drying layer.

5. the quick-drying layer forming step and the slow-drying layer forming step are steps of spraying the same polyurethane resin using the same spraying device, The method for fixing an object according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the slow-drying layer forming process is performed after the quick-drying layer forming process is performed and before disassembly and cleaning of the spraying device is required.

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