Reflection type polarizing element-bonded lens, head-mounted display, and method for manufacturing reflection type polarizing element-bonded lens

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens in which at least one of peeling of a reflective polarizing element or occurrence of a crack is suppressed even after a reliability test under a severe high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and a head-mounted display including the same.SOLUTION: A resin lens having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, wherein a reflective polarization element is bonded to at least one of the first surface and the second surface, A glass transition temperature (Tg) of a resin composition constituting the resin lens is 115 °C to 160 °C, an adhesive layer is provided between the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element, and a silane coupling agent layer is provided at least one of between the resin lens and the adhesive layer and between the adhesive layer and the reflective polarizing element.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens, a head-mounted display including the same, and a method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, development of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices has been thriving. VR head-mounted displays, specifically, display computer-generated images or images captured by a stereo camera on a display for each eye positioned near the user's eyes, and use a magnifying optical system positioned between the display and the user's eyes to magnify the image from near the visual field of the human eye to beyond, making the user feel as if they are actually present in the visual space. Similarly, AR head-mounted displays include devices that use mirrors, diffraction gratings, and holographic elements to project images onto a transparent waveguide, guide the images by total internal reflection, and then output the image light toward the user's eyes via mirrors, diffraction gratings, and holographic elements positioned to disrupt total internal reflection. This allows the real world to be observed as see-through through the transparent waveguide, while the image light is superimposed on the real world through the optical system.

[0003] These devices must be able to be worn comfortably by the viewer and must display images that do not feel strange to the viewer. This requires that the entire device be lightweight, small, and thin, and that it display images that are highly immersive.

[0004] To enhance the sense of immersion, the viewing angle of the image is particularly important, especially in VR head-mounted displays. To enlarge the image to a viewing angle close to that of the human eye while preventing the device from becoming large and bulky, the magnifying optical system must be thin yet have a strong magnification.

[0005] As such an optical system, for example, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, an eyepiece optical system that folds the optical path by using polarized light has been proposed. The basic configuration of such an eyepiece optical system is conceptually shown in Figure 1. The eyepiece optical system is configured by combining, from the left in Figure 1, an image display device 11, a circular polarization element 12 (e.g., a linear polarizer and a 1 / 4λ element bonded together), a half mirror 13, a lens 14, a 1 / 4λ element 15, and a reflective polarization element 16 with the function of separating polarized light (e.g., an optical element that reflects S-waves perpendicular to the plane of incidence and transmits P-waves parallel to the plane of incidence). Light emitted from the image display device 11 is converted into circularly polarized light (e.g., counterclockwise circularly polarized light when viewed from the direction of light propagation) by the circular polarization element 12 and passes through the half mirror 13. After passing through lens 14, the 1 / 4λ element 15 imparts a phase difference of 1 / 4λ to the light, converting it into linearly polarized light. At this time, by orthogonally aligning the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing element 16 with the axis of this linear polarization, the light is reflected by the reflective polarizing element 16, bends its optical path, and is again converted into circularly polarized light (e.g., counterclockwise circularly polarized light as viewed from the direction of travel) by the 1 / 4λ element 15. After passing through the lens and being bent back again by the half mirror (e.g., converted into clockwise circularly polarized light as viewed from the direction of travel), the light passes through the lens a third time, where it is converted into linearly polarized light by the 1 / 4λ element, and this results in a polarization axis that passes through the reflective optical element, so that after passing through the reflective polarizing element 16, the user sees the image as a virtual image. This configuration (hereinafter referred to as a pancake lens configuration) results in an optical system in which light is folded, increasing the magnification ratio of the lens and enabling a thin optical system to be applied to a head-mounted display. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 6,563,638 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 6386210 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-85956 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Patent No. 10,409,067 [Patent Document 5] Patent Publication No. 2021-92767 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-10465 [Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-95205 [Patent Document 8] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2024-4491 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, in the above optical system, light passes through the lens three times, which triples the contribution of the lens's birefringence, making it difficult to precisely control the polarization axis. In this case, light that should be linearly polarized undergoes a phase difference and becomes elliptically polarized, causing ghosts and flares, for example, when an image that should be reflected by a reflective polarizing element is transmitted. In addition, after being folded twice, light that should be transmitted is reflected again, resulting in a decrease in contrast. These defects have been problematic.

[0008] In particular, when resin lenses are used instead of glass to reduce the weight of head-mounted displays, the polarization axis of the image light rotates due to the influence of orientation birefringence caused by the orientation of the main chain that occurs when the resin is injection molded, and the influence of photoelasticity caused by residual internal stress or externally applied stress, which has been shown to cause major problems such as the occurrence of ghosts and flares, and reduced contrast (for example, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 5).

[0009] Therefore, in order to alleviate such problems, there is a demand for the development of low birefringence resins, and Patent Documents 4 to 6 have reported that low birefringence resins in which the monomer composition ratio is strictly controlled so that both the orientation birefringence and photoelasticity of the resin are extremely small are suitable for use as lenses for head-mounted displays.

[0010] The use of such resins makes it possible to correct monochromatic aberration and chromatic aberration of the virtual image by combining multiple lenses while suppressing the occurrence of ghosts and flares, as well as reductions in contrast, and in particular, by using aspherical lenses, which are difficult to fabricate using glass, it becomes possible to efficiently correct monochromatic aberration of the virtual image. For example, Patent Document 7 illustrates that aspherical lenses are effective in correcting aberrations.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to improve the magnification of the optical system and to suppress the reduction in contrast and the occurrence of ghost images due to reflection at the air interface, it is effective to bond both of the retardation plate and the reflective optical element to the lens surface. When producing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens using resin, it is often produced by bonding a resin substrate and a polarization separation film using an adhesive. Reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses are superior to glass lenses in terms of reducing the weight of image display devices, but they have the problem of being highly water-absorbent. In a high-temperature, humid environment, the resin substrate and the polarization separation film may deform due to moisture absorption, and peeling may occur at the adhesive layer interface due to differences in dimensional change during moisture absorption. Reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses that experience this peeling have the problem of significantly reduced optical performance (polarization separation ability, transmittance, etc.).

[0012] Furthermore, in order to improve the magnification of the optical system and to suppress the reduction in contrast and the occurrence of ghost images due to reflection at the air interface, it is effective to bond both of the retardation plate and the reflective optical element to the lens surface.

[0013] Patent Document 8 reports that a resin lens made of a thermoplastic resin with sufficiently high heat resistance and a small photoelastic coefficient and containing an aryl group (a functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon) or an alicyclic group in the main chain or side chain is used, and a reflective optical element is bonded to a flat or convex surface of the lens that includes the optical axis. The ratio of the transmittance (Tp530) when polarized light parallel to the optical axis of the lens and parallel to the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing element to the transmittance (Tc530) when polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis is incident is controlled to satisfy Tp530 / Tc530≧150, thereby solving problems such as flare, ghosting, and reduced contrast even in a pancake lens configuration. However, when the lens is bonded to a lens with a high curvature, peeling of the reflective polarizing element, whitening, wrinkles, and bubbles were observed in the peeled area after reliability tests (60°C, 90% RH, 500 hours) and thermal cycling tests.

[0014] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens in which at least one of peeling and cracking of the reflective polarizing element is suppressed even after reliability testing in a harsh high-temperature and humid environment, and a head-mounted display equipped with the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens that can produce a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens in which at least one of peeling and cracking of the reflective polarizing element is suppressed even after reliability testing in a harsh high-temperature and humid environment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] As a result of extensive research, the present inventors have completed the invention described below. That is, the present invention is as follows.

[0016] [1] A reflective polarizing element bonded lens, a resin lens having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a reflective polarizing element is attached to at least one of the first surface and the second surface, an adhesive layer is provided between the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; a silane coupling agent layer is provided between at least one of the resin lens and the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer and the reflective polarizing element; The reflective polarizing element-attached lens is a lens in which the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin composition constituting the resin lens is 115°C to 160°C.

[0017] [2] The resin lens has an absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient of 10 × 10 -12 Pa -1 The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to [1],

[0018] [3] The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to [1] or [2], wherein the resin lens is composed of a thermoplastic resin composition having an aryl group or an alicyclic group in the main chain or side chain.

[0019] [4] A reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the surface where the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element are bonded is a convex or concave surface in the area including the optical axis, and the absolute value of the reference radius of curvature R is 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less.

[0020] [5] The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the resin composition contains a methacrylic resin.

[0021] [6] The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to [5], wherein the methacrylic resin contains a methacrylic resin having a structural unit with a ring structure.

[0022] [7] The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to [6], wherein the structural unit includes at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer, a glutarimide structural unit, an aromatic vinyl structural unit, an alicyclic vinyl structural unit, and a lactone ring structural unit.

[0023] [8] The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to [7], wherein the structural unit includes a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer.

[0024] [9] A reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the resin lens is composed of a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin copolymer, which is a copolymer of ethylene or an α-olefin with a cyclic olefin.

[0025]

[10] The reflective polarizing element-laminated lens according to [9], wherein the proportion of ring skeleton structural units in the main chain derived from the cyclic olefin in the cyclic olefin copolymer is 36 mol % or more and 50 mol % or less.

[0026]

[11] The structural units derived from the cyclic olefin in the cyclic olefin copolymer are bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1 2,5 .1 7,10 ]-3-dodecene. The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to [9] or

[10] , wherein the structural unit is derived from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1-methyl-2-propanediol, 1-methyl-2-propanediol, 1-methyl-3-dodecene ...

[0027]

[12] The reflective polarizing element-laminated lens according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the resin lens is made of a resin composition containing a ring-opening polymer hydrogenated product of a norbornene-based monomer.

[0028]

[13] The reflective polarizing element-laminated lens according to

[12] , wherein the resin composition containing the hydrogenated ring-opening polymer of the norbornene-based monomer contains 20 to 100 mol % of structural units derived from the norbornene-based monomer and, optionally, 0 to 80 mol % of structural units derived from other monomers copolymerizable with the norbornene-based monomer.

[0029]

[14] The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to

[13] , wherein the structural units derived from norbornene-based monomers contain 15 to 50 wt % of structural units derived from tetracyclododecene-based monomers, 50 to 90 wt % of structural units derived from methanotetrahydrofluorene-based monomers, and 1 to 15 wt % of structural units derived from norbornene monomers (however, the total of the structural units derived from each monomer is 100 wt % or less).

[0030]

[15] The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to any one of [1] to

[14] , wherein the resin composition constituting the resin lens has a bending strength of 65 MPa or more.

[0031]

[16] The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to any one of [1] to

[15] , wherein the reflective polarizing element has only one reflective surface that is involved in polarized light separation.

[0032]

[17] The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to any one of [1] to

[16] , wherein the adhesive layer is an adhesive layer made of an adhesive that does not contain a silane coupling agent.

[0033]

[18] A head-mounted display comprising the reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to any one of [1] to

[17] .

[0034]

[19] A method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens by bonding a reflective polarizing element to a resin lens, comprising: The lens is a resin lens made of a resin composition having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 115°C to 160°C, the resin lens has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, forming a silane coupling agent layer on at least one of the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; providing an adhesive layer on at least one of the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; and bonding the reflective polarizing element to the resin lens.

[0035]

[20] The method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to

[19] , characterized in that the resin lens is manufactured by injection molding.

[0036]

[21] The step of bonding the reflective polarizing element to the resin lens is carried out by adjusting the glass transition temperature (Tg フィルム ) as a reference, Tg フィルム -40℃~Tg フィルム The method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to

[19] or

[20] , characterized in that the lens is bonded at +120°C. [Effects of the Invention]

[0037] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens in which at least one of peeling and cracking of the reflective polarizing element is suppressed even after reliability testing in a harsh high-temperature and humid environment, and a head-mounted display equipped with the same. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens, which can produce a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens in which at least one of peeling and cracking of the reflective polarizing element is suppressed even after reliability testing in a harsh high-temperature and humid environment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0038] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an optical system having a pancake lens configuration. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional conceptual diagram of a wire grid polarizer as a reflective polarizing element. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of an experimental device for evaluating the occurrence of double images and flare in an image using an optical system with a pancake lens configuration that uses a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a modification of the experiment in FIG. 4, and explains the method of displaying images when evaluating image contrast. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] Below, we will explain in detail the form for implementing the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the ``present embodiment''), but the present invention is not limited to the following description and can be implemented in various modifications within the scope of its gist.

[0040] <Reflective polarizing element bonded lens> The reflective polarizing element cemented lens of this embodiment has: a resin lens having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a reflective polarizing element is attached to at least one of the first surface and the second surface, an adhesive layer is provided between the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; a silane coupling agent layer is provided between at least one of the resin lens and the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer and the reflective polarizing element; The resin composition constituting the resin lens has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 115°C to 160°C. In the above-mentioned reflective polarizing element-bonded lens, at least one of peeling and cracking of the reflective polarizing element is suppressed even after a reliability test under a severe high-temperature and humid environment.

[0041] A reflective polarizing element-bonded lens 21 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 2. In Fig. 2, the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens 21 is formed by bonding a reflective polarizing element 23 to a first surface 22a of a resin lens 22, which has a first surface 22a and a second surface 22b opposite to each other. An adhesive layer 24 is provided between the resin lens 22 and the reflective polarizing element 23. In addition, silane coupling agent layers 25 are provided between the resin lens 22 and the adhesive layer 24, and between the adhesive layer 24 and the reflective polarizing element 23, respectively. 2, the reflective polarizing element 23 is bonded to the first surface 22a of the resin lens 22, but the reflective polarizing element 23 may be bonded to the second surface 22b of the resin lens 22. Furthermore, in FIG. 2, a silane coupling agent layer 25 is provided between the resin lens 22 and the adhesive layer 24 and between the adhesive layer 24 and the reflective polarizing element 23, but the silane coupling agent layer 25 may be provided only between the resin lens 22 and the adhesive layer 24, or only between the adhesive layer 24 and the reflective polarizing element 23. Furthermore, for simplification, the surface of the resin lens 22 is shown as being flat, but the surface of the resin lens 22 may be convex or concave.

[0042] The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment may be a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens that includes, in addition to the reflective polarizing element and the resin lens, other components (for example, a wavelength plate, a phase difference coating, a half mirror, a functional coating layer such as an anti-reflection coating, etc.). The other components may be one or more.

[0043] In the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment, one or more transparent layers may be disposed between the resin lens and the silane coupling agent layer and / or between the adhesive layer and the silane coupling agent layer, i.e., the lens may have a structure of resin lens / transparent layer / silane coupling agent layer and / or a structure of adhesive layer / transparent layer / silane coupling agent layer. Examples of the transparent layer include a hard coat layer, an anchor coat layer, etc. The thickness of these transparent layers is not particularly limited, but may be in the range of 0.01 to 10 μm, for example.

[0044] In the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment, when the reflective polarizing element is attached to only one surface of the resin lens, a functional layer (hard coat layer, anti-glare layer, anti-reflection layer, etc.) can be provided on the surface of the resin lens opposite to the surface to which the reflective polarizing element is attached by further performing a surface functionalization treatment such as a hard coat treatment, an anti-reflection treatment, a transparent conductive treatment, an electromagnetic wave shielding treatment, a gas barrier treatment, etc. The thickness of these functional layers is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 10 μm.

[0045] The hard coat layer to be applied to the surface of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens can be formed by applying a coating liquid, for example, obtained by dissolving or dispersing an acrylate such as a silicone-based curable resin, an organic polymer composite inorganic fine particle-containing curable resin, urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, or polyfunctional acrylate, and a photopolymerization initiator in an organic solvent, to the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment using a conventionally known coating method, drying the coating, and photo-curing the coating. Furthermore, in order to improve adhesion before applying the hard coat layer, a method can also be used in which, for example, an easy-adhesion layer containing inorganic fine particles, a primer layer, an anchor layer, or the like is previously provided, and then the hard coat layer is formed. The antiglare layer to be applied to the surface of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens can be formed by forming fine particles of silica, melamine resin, acrylic resin, or the like into an ink, applying the ink onto other functional layers by a conventionally known application method, and then heat-curing or photo-curing the ink. Examples of anti-reflection layers to be applied to the surface of a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens include those made of thin films of inorganic materials such as metal oxides, fluorides, silicides, borides, nitrides, and sulfides, and those made by laminating single or multiple layers of resins with different refractive indices such as acrylic resins and fluororesins.In addition, those made by laminating thin layers containing composite fine particles of inorganic compounds and organic compounds can also be used.

[0046] A mirror or half mirror (a semi-transparent reflective surface with a reflectance to transmittance ratio other than 50:50, for example, 15% transmittance and 85% reflectance) may be applied to the surface of the resin lens. Any suitable mirror or half mirror may be used, but it can be constructed, for example, by coating a thin layer of metal (for example, silver or aluminum) on the resin lens. When a thin layer of metal is coated, light is absorbed by the metal, so another method is to form a mirror by depositing a thin film dielectric coating on the surface of the resin lens. Alternatively, the metal coating method and the dielectric coating method may be combined. The reflectivity and transmittance of light can be controlled by the thickness and number of layers to be coated, and the technique of depositing a dielectric layer makes it possible to design it so that it reflects only light of a specific wavelength.

[0047] The reflective polarizing element cemented lens of this embodiment is preferably used in, but not limited to, an image display device having an eyepiece optical system that guides light from an image display element toward the viewer's eyeball.

[0048] -exterior- It is preferable that the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment has no visible wrinkles and no air bubbles or peeling at the bonding interface (for example, the interface between the reflective polarizing element and the lens). If such defects exist, they may cause defects when viewing images.

[0049] - Appearance after reliability testing - It is preferable that the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment has no visible wrinkles after the reliability test, and does not have defects such as air bubbles entrapped at the interface between the reflective polarizing element and the resin lens, peeling, whitening, etc. The appearance after the reliability test can be evaluated by the method described in the examples below.

[0050] [Resin lens] The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment includes a resin lens having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The resin lens used in the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a "resin lens") is preferably made of a thermoplastic resin composition having an aryl group or an alicyclic group in the main chain or side chain.

[0051] -Resin composition- Although suitable forms for the resin composition constituting the resin lens will be described later, the resin composition preferably contains a resin containing at least one polar group belonging to the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, an amino group, and a hydroxyl group. By including a resin containing such a polar group in the resin composition, peeling is less likely to occur when a reflective polarizing element is attached, and strong adhesion can be ensured.

[0052] -shape- The shape of the resin lens is not particularly limited. The surface of the resin lens to be bonded to the reflective polarizing element is preferably a flat surface within the effective diameter, or a convex or concave surface in the region including the optical axis of the lens. The resin lens may have a convex or concave portion for fixing to the housing, as long as the reflective polarizing element can be bonded well without wrinkles or bubbles. The lens shape may be spherical, aspherical, or free-form within the effective diameter, or may be cylindrical, forming a curved surface along only one axis.

[0053] -size- The size of the resin lens is not particularly limited. However, for ease of handling in the lamination process, the size of the resin lens is preferably Φ10 mm or more and Φ100 mm or less. The size of the resin lens is more preferably Φ20 mm or more and Φ80 mm or less, and even more preferably Φ25 mm or more and Φ60 mm or less.

[0054] -Curvature radius- The shape of the resin lens within the effective diameter of the surface to which the reflective polarizing element is attached can be expressed using the radius of curvature R (unit: mm). A resin lens has a first surface and a second surface opposite each other, each with a defined radius of curvature R. When a circle with radius of curvature R is drawn from the center of curvature outside the lens, a portion of the circumference defines the lens surface shape. In this case, the line connecting the centers of curvature of the first surface and the second surface of the resin lens is defined as the optical axis of the lens. The radius of curvature of the lens is expressed as a positive number when the first surface side of the optical axis is convex or the second surface is concave toward the first surface side, whereas the radius of curvature is expressed as a negative number when the first surface side is concave or the second surface is convex toward the second surface side. In the present invention, the radius of curvature R that defines the lens shape is not particularly limited. Except when the bonding surface is flat (absolute value of the radius of curvature R=∞), the absolute value of the radius of curvature R is preferably 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less. The absolute value of the radius of curvature R is more preferably 20 mm or more and 300 mm or less, particularly preferably 30 mm or more and 200 mm or less, and most preferably 40 mm or more and 100 mm or less. By using a shape within this range, it is possible to bond reflective polarizing elements well and with a high yield without defects such as wrinkles and bubbles. In the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment, it is particularly preferable that the surface where the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element are bonded is a convex or concave surface in the area including the optical axis, and that the absolute value of the reference radius of curvature R is 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less.

[0055] It is desirable for the lens shape to avoid as much as possible areas that are not expressed by the radius of curvature of the lens, such as the outer rim of the lens, gas vents, and areas of the molded part used for the handle. Areas where the curvature changes drastically (points where the value of 0 when the curve representing the lens shape is differentiated twice) are areas that are likely to trap air bubbles when the reflective polarizing element is attached, and are also areas that are prone to peeling during reliability tests, so they should be avoided. Furthermore, when considering use as a pancake lens as envisioned in this embodiment, it is preferable to reduce the absolute value of the radius of curvature of the resin lens's surface to which the reflective polarizing element is attached in order to increase the magnification. The absolute value of the radius of curvature is, for example, 100 mm or less. However, if the absolute value of the radius of curvature is too small, it becomes difficult to attach the reflective polarizing element and to correct aberrations in the optical system, so it is preferable to design it appropriately while taking into consideration the balance. If the surface of the resin lens to which the reflective polarizing element is attached is flat, this is effective in avoiding undesirable stress being applied to the reflective polarizing element attached to the resin lens, or, for example, when using a quarter-wave plate (quarter-wave film) that imparts a quarter-wave phase difference to a specified wavelength and a coating that imparts a quarter-wave phase difference in combination. When the surface of the resin lens to which the reflective polarizing element is attached is aspherical, the surface shape can be a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface in which the amount of sag z of the surface satisfies the following formula I.

number

[0056] - Phase difference within the effective diameter - The resin lens itself preferably has an average absolute value of retardation within its effective diameter of 10 nm or less, more preferably 7 nm or less, and even more preferably 5 nm or less. By bonding a resin lens having a retardation within this range to a reflective polarizing element, clear, high-resolution images can be viewed without ghosting (double images), flare, or reduced contrast. Here, the effective diameter of a resin lens represents the area within which an image can be viewed when the lens is incorporated into the housing of a head-mounted display, and is expressed as the diameter of a circle centered on the optical axis of the lens. Therefore, if there is a flange or other part attached for incorporating the lens into the housing, this part is excluded. If the area within which the image can be viewed is not a perfect circle, the effective diameter is the minor axis. If there is no clear effective diameter, it is considered to be the area that includes 80% or more of the lens's projected area, excluding areas that do not correspond to the lens surface, such as the flange. The projected area refers to the area of ​​the shape of the entire or partial region of the resin lens projected onto the horizontal plane when the resin lens is placed on a horizontal plane and irradiated with parallel light parallel to the direction of gravity from a point vertically above at infinity (i.e., the parallel projection area). The phase difference within the effective diameter of a resin lens can be measured specifically using the method described in the Examples below. Regarding methods for obtaining such resin lenses, resin lenses within the above range can be obtained by applying the preferred resin compositions and preferred molding conditions described below. Other examples include a method in which the peripheral region of a gate with high birefringence of the resin lens is cut off and used, or a manufacturing method using a molded body in which a monomer is poured into a mold and solidified by a photocuring or thermosetting reaction. However, the method of cutting off the peripheral region of the gate is not preferred because it reduces the adjustment range during optical system assembly. For example, the reflective polarizing element must be bonded to the lens under strict control so that the polarization transmission axis is positioned at a predetermined position, making adjustment difficult. Furthermore, the method of producing lenses by a curing reaction makes it difficult to achieve shape precision, and from an economic perspective, the long cycle time required to obtain one lens is an issue.

[0057] -Glass transition temperature- The resin lens preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 115°C or higher and 160°C or lower. A glass transition temperature of 115°C or higher for the resin lens ensures heat resistance against heat generated by electronic devices in a head-mounted display, and is also preferable in that good adhesion can be achieved without dimensional change even during the heat application process when laminating a reflective polarizing element. Furthermore, a low heat resistance temperature results in a large amount of dimensional change in a high-temperature environment, and this is also preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing photoelastic birefringence that occurs due to tension at the lamination interface caused by differences in dimensional change between the optical element film and the resin lens to be laminated. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is more preferably 120°C or higher, even more preferably 125°C or higher, and most preferably 130°C or higher. On the other hand, when the glass transition temperature (Tg) is 160°C or lower, melt processing at extremely high temperatures is avoided, thermal decomposition of the resin, etc. is suppressed, and a good product can be obtained. From the viewpoint of further achieving the above-mentioned effects, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is more preferably 155°C or lower, even more preferably 150°C or lower, and even more preferably 140°C or lower. The glass transition temperature (Tg) can be determined by measurement in accordance with JIS-K7121. Specifically, it can be determined by the method described in the examples below. The glass transition temperature of the resin lens can be adjusted to fall within the above-mentioned range, for example, by producing a molded article from a resin composition that is preferred in the present invention, which will be described later, and the glass transition temperature can be increased by providing a ring structure in the main chain of the resin composition.

[0058] -Photoelastic coefficient CR- The absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient CR of the resin lens, |CR|, is 10.0 × 10 -12 Pa -1 It is preferably equal to or less than 5.0 × 10 -12 Pa -1 or less, and more preferably 3.0 × 10 -12 Pa -1 It is particularly preferably 1.0 × 10 -12 Pa -1 The following is the result. The photoelastic coefficient is described in various documents (for example, see Chemistry Review, No. 39, 1998 (published by the Academic Society Publishing Center)) and is defined by the following formulas (ia) and (ib). It can be seen that the closer the value of the photoelastic coefficient CR is to zero, the smaller the change in birefringence due to external force. |CR|=|Δn| / σR (ia) |Δn|=|nx-ny| (ib) (In the formula, CR is the photoelastic coefficient, σR is the tensile stress, |Δn| is the absolute value of birefringence, nx is the refractive index in the stretching direction, and ny is the refractive index in the in-plane direction perpendicular to the stretching direction.) The absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient CR of the resin lens, |CR|, is 10.0 × 10 -12 Pa -1 If the photoelastic coefficient CR is below this value, the photoelastic birefringence caused by dimensional changes due to stress generated when fixing the lens and environmental changes such as temperature is sufficiently small, resulting in a resin lens that can produce clear images. Furthermore, if the absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient CR |CR| is large, when a reflective polarizing element is used as a laminated lens, differences in dimensional changes due to expansion and contraction occur between the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element due to environmental changes such as temperature and humidity, which creates internal distortion and causes birefringence. As mentioned above, birefringence is undesirable because it can cause ghosting and deterioration of contrast. The photoelastic coefficient CR is measured by cutting the resin lens into small pieces and then pressing the pieces into a film using a vacuum compression molding machine. Specifically, it can be determined by the method described in the Examples below.

[0059] The absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient of the above-mentioned molded article can be adjusted to the above-mentioned range, for example, by preparing the molded article from a resin composition preferred in the present invention described below, and it is preferable to adjust the copolymerization composition ratio of a monomer with a positive photoelastic coefficient and a monomer with a negative photoelastic coefficient when made into a homopolymer to an appropriate range.In addition, although it is possible to relieve stress strain by annealing, in order to sufficiently relieve stress, it is necessary to perform heat treatment from the glass transition temperature of the resin -25°C to near the glass transition temperature, which is not preferable because the surface shape changes during this process, causing focus deviation, etc.Therefore, it is desirable to mold lenses from a resin composition with a small photoelastic coefficient.

[0060] -Difference in saturated water absorption between resin lenses and reflective polarizers- Furthermore, when the saturated water absorption of the transparent substrate constituting the reflective polarizing element is high, it is preferable to use a material with a high saturated water absorption of the resin composition constituting the resin lens. When the saturated water absorption of the resin composition constituting the resin lens is the water absorption (resin lens) and the saturated water absorption of the transparent substrate constituting the reflective polarizing element is the water absorption (reflective polarizing element), the absolute value of the difference between the water absorption (resin lens) and the water absorption (reflective polarizing element) is preferably in the range of 0.1% to 3.0%, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 2.0%, even more preferably in the range of 0.1% to 1.5%, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.1% to 1.0%. By constructing the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of the present invention with a combination within this range, defects such as peeling of the bonding surface due to differences in expansion coefficients caused by water absorption can be suppressed in high-temperature, high-humidity tests.

[0061] [Reflective polarizing element] The reflective polarizing element bonded to the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment can be an element with a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) function, which is a polarization splitting mirror that splits polarized light. Examples of the reflective polarizing element in this embodiment include a polarizing element formed by laminating thin films with different birefringence, a structural birefringent wire-grid polarizing element using a subwavelength structure, and an element made of cholesteric liquid crystal that separates right- and left-handed circularly polarized light. Industrially, examples of polarizing elements formed by laminating thin films with different birefringence (hereinafter sometimes referred to as laminated reflective polarizing elements) include multilayer birefringent films APF, IQP-S, IQP-E, and DBEF manufactured by 3M. Examples of wire-grid polarizing elements include Asahi Kasei's Wire Grid Reflective Polarizing Element (WGF: registered trademark) and ProFlux PPL02 (manufactured by Moxtek). Examples of cholesteric liquid crystal elements include Nipox APCF (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation).

[0062] Suitable reflective polarizing elements include wire grid reflective polarizing elements (WGF: registered trademark, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) and IQP-E (manufactured by 3M). The process of laminating to curved surfaces will be described later. WGF is particularly preferred because it provides polarization separation properties independent of stretching. These elements maintain their polarization properties even when tension is applied to the base film upon lamination to a lens. Furthermore, laminated reflective polarizing elements require a process of deforming the element into a rotationally asymmetric shape using a mold before laminating to a curved substrate, taking into account the difference in shrinkage ratios between two orthogonal axes. However, wire grid films can be directly laminated to a substrate without such pretreatment. Furthermore, since the reflective surface involved in polarization separation is a single surface, they offer superior resolution when reflecting an image, unlike polarization separation based on multilayer reflection, making them suitable for use in the present embodiment.

[0063] A wire grid reflective polarizing element is composed of a holding substrate (described below) (for example, a film (substrate film) is used as the base) and metal wires (for example, aluminum) held on a number of resin protrusions arranged at a pitch equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light (about 100 nm) on the surface of the holding substrate. Wire grid reflective polarizing elements have the property of reflecting light that vibrates parallel to the metal wires and transmitting light that vibrates perpendicular to them. Therefore, they have the advantage of being able to select the polarization direction of reflection / transmission depending on the orientation of the metal wires.

[0064] The wire grid polarizer will now be described with reference to Fig. 3, which is a cross-sectional view of the wire grid polarizer.

[0065] The wire grid reflective polarizing element includes a holding substrate (base film) 31 and a resin substrate 32 provided on a surface 31a of the holding substrate 31 via a bonding layer 39. In other words, the surface 31a of the holding substrate 31 and the surface 32a of the resin substrate 32 are bonded together via the bonding layer 39. As shown in Fig. 3, a plurality of grid-shaped protrusions 33 are provided on the resin substrate 32. Also, as shown in Fig. 3, the resin substrate 32 has a base layer 34 having a predetermined thickness and the grid-shaped protrusions 33 integrally formed therewith.

[0066] The holding substrate 31 need only be substantially transparent in the target wavelength region, and can be made of, for example, an inorganic material such as glass or a resin material, but it is preferable to use a film (resin material) because a roll process can be used as a manufacturing method and it has high conformability to curved surfaces.

[0067] Resins that can be used for the support substrate 31 include amorphous thermoplastic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, cycloolefin resin (COP), cross-linked polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyarylate resin, polyphenylene ether resin, modified polyphenylene ether resin, polyetherimide resin, polyethersulfone resin, polysulfone resin, and polyetherketone resin, as well as crystalline thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, aromatic polyester resin, polyacetal resin, and polyamide resin, as well as triacetate resin (TAC), etc. Specific examples of suitable support substrate 31 include TD80UL and ZRD60SL manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation and KC6UA manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc.

[0068] The resin substrate 32 can be made of, for example, the same thermoplastic resin as that used for the support substrate 31, as well as ultraviolet (UV)-curable resins and thermosetting resins such as acrylic, epoxy, and urethane resins. The substrate can also be made of a combination of a UV-curable resin or a thermosetting resin with the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin or triacetate resin, or by using them alone. Examples of methods for applying the UV-curable resin include a gravure method using a gravure roll, a slot die method, and a knife coating method, as well as an inkjet method and a spray coating method using a potential difference. For curing, a light source emitting UV light or visible light of about 405 nm, which takes into account absorption by added UV absorbers, or a light source emitting an electron beam can also be used.

[0069] The uneven structure having grid-shaped protrusions 33 formed on the surface of the resin substrate 32 preferably has a rectangular shape in a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction of the uneven structure. The rectangular shape is composed of repeated recesses and protrusions, and includes trapezoidal, rectangular, and square shapes. Furthermore, when the contour of the uneven structure in cross section is considered as a function, the area around the inflection point may have a curved portion with a gently changing curvature like a parabola, and may also include a shape with a constriction in the protrusion. The shape of the uneven structure facilitates the formation of metal wires that are continuous in the vertical direction while being spaced apart on the side surfaces of the protrusions and the bottoms of the recesses of the uneven structure on the substrate surface using the oblique vapor deposition method described below. When the metal wires are formed using the oblique vapor deposition method, the metal wires 37 are provided so as to be unevenly distributed on one side of the grid-shaped protrusions 33. Therefore, the period of the uneven structure and the period (pitch P) of the metal wires 37 are approximately the same interval.

[0070] The period of the uneven structure (the pitch P between the grid-shaped convex portions 33) (see FIG. 3) is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to a period that can exhibit polarization separation characteristics. Generally, a wire grid polarizer exhibits better polarization separation characteristics over a broader bandwidth as the period of the metal wires 37 becomes smaller. When the metal wires 37 are in contact with air (refractive index 1.0), practically sufficient polarization separation characteristics are exhibited by setting the period of the metal wires 37 to 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the target light. Therefore, when considering the use of light in the visible light range, the period of the metal wires 37 and the period of the uneven structure of the resin substrate 32 are preferably 150 nm or less, more preferably 130 nm or less, even more preferably 120 nm or less, and most preferably 100 nm or less. There is no particular lower limit to the period of the metal wires 37 and the uneven structure of the resin substrate 32. However, from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, the period is preferably 50 nm or more, more preferably 60 nm or more, and even more preferably 80 nm or more.

[0071] In this wire grid reflective polarizing element, it is preferable that the metal wires 37 are disposed so as to be biased to one side of the grid-like convex portions 33 of the concave-convex structure. Therefore, the extending direction of the concave-convex structure and the extending direction of the metal wires 37 are substantially parallel. Furthermore, it is sufficient that the concave-convex structure and the metal wires 37 extend substantially in a predetermined direction, and it is not necessary for the concave and convex portions of the concave-convex structure and the metal wires to extend strictly parallel to each other.

[0072] 3, a metal layer (metal wires 37) is formed on at least a part of the surface of each grid-shaped protrusion 33 via a dielectric layer 36. The dielectric layer 36 does not have to be formed. In such a case, the metal layer (metal wires 37) is formed directly on the surface of the grid-shaped protrusion 33.

[0073] To improve adhesion between the resin substrate 32 and the metal wire 37, a dielectric layer 36 having high adhesion to both can be interposed between them. This improves adhesion between the resin substrate 32 and the metal wire 37, thereby preventing peeling of the metal wire 37. The dielectric layer 36 may be substantially transparent in the visible region. Suitable dielectrics include, for example, oxides, nitrides, halides, and carbides of silicon (Si) alone or in combination with other elements, elements, or compounds thereof (dielectrics in which a dielectric alone is mixed with other elements, elements, or compounds), and oxides, nitrides, halides, and carbides of metals such as aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), barium (Ba), indium (In), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), and copper (Cu), or in combination with any of these. There are no particular limitations on the method for laminating the dielectric material, and for example, physical vapor deposition methods such as vacuum deposition, sputtering, and ion plating can be suitably used.

[0074] The metal constituting the metal layer (metal wire 37) preferably has high reflectivity in the visible light region and high adhesion to the material constituting the dielectric layer 36. The metal wire 37 can be formed using a conductive material such as aluminum, silver, copper, platinum, gold, or an alloy mainly composed of any of these metals. The metal wire 37 is preferably made of aluminum, silver, or an alloy thereof. From the viewpoint of cost, the metal wire 37 is more preferably made of aluminum or an alloy thereof. Aluminum is particularly preferred because it can reduce absorption loss in the visible light region. There are no limitations on the method for manufacturing the metal wire 37. Examples of methods for manufacturing the metal wire 37 include a method using electron beam lithography or mask patterning by interference exposure and dry etching, and a method using oblique deposition. From the viewpoint of productivity, the oblique deposition method is preferred as the method for manufacturing the metal wire 37.

[0075] The oblique deposition method is a method in which, in a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction of the concave-convex structure (hereinafter abbreviated as "cross-sectional view"), a deposition source is positioned at an angle relative to the perpendicular direction to the substrate surface, and a metal is deposited on the substrate while maintaining a predetermined angle. The preferred range of the deposition angle is determined based on the convex portions of the concave-convex structure and the cross-sectional shape of the metal wire 37 to be fabricated. Generally, a range of 5 to 45 degrees is preferred, and a range of 5 to 35 degrees is more preferred. Furthermore, gradually decreasing or increasing the deposition angle while taking into account the projection effect of the deposited metal during deposition is advantageous for controlling the cross-sectional shape, such as the height, of the metal wire 37. If the surface of the support substrate 31 is curved, deposition may be performed from a direction oblique to the normal direction to the surface of the resin substrate 32. The shape of the deposition source is not limited as long as it can sufficiently deposit the deposited area, and it can be in the form of intermittent dots or continuous lines. When the deposition source is point-like, deposition can be performed from an oblique direction relative to the extending direction of the concave-convex structure, and the spacing between the concave-convex structure appears to be wider, allowing deposition to reach the bottom of the recesses, which is preferable.

[0076] Specifically, the resin substrate 32 has a surface with a concave-convex structure extending generally parallel to one another in a specific direction at a predetermined pitch. The center of the vapor deposition source is positioned at an angle of 5 degrees or more and less than 45 degrees relative to the vertical direction at the center of the region to be vapor deposited on the surface of the resin substrate 32, and the metal wire 37 is formed on the concave-convex structure. More preferably, the center of the vapor deposition source is positioned at an angle of 5 degrees or more and less than 35 degrees relative to the vertical direction at the center of the region to be vapor deposited on the surface of the resin substrate 32. This allows the metal wire 37 to be selectively positioned on either side of the grid-shaped convex portions 33 of the concave-convex structure on the surface of the resin substrate 32. When vapor deposition is performed while the substrate is being transported, vapor deposition may be performed so that the center of the region to be vapor deposited and the center of the vapor deposition source at a given moment satisfy the above-mentioned conditions.

[0077] The amount of metal deposition (average thickness) is preferably about 50 to 300 nm. The average thickness here refers to the thickness of the deposited material when it is assumed that the material is deposited on a smooth glass substrate from a direction perpendicular to the glass surface, and is used as a guide for the amount of metal deposition.

[0078] 3, a bonding layer 39 such as an adhesive layer or a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be interposed between the holding substrate 31 and the resin substrate 32 in order to improve the adhesion between the holding substrate 31 and the resin substrate 32 or to adjust the refractive index. For example, a thin dielectric layer such as silica or alumina may be formed between the holding substrate 31 and the resin substrate 32, or a modified layer may be provided on the surface 31a of the holding substrate 31 by corona discharge treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, vacuum plasma treatment, or ultraviolet treatment to impart functional groups or a finely textured shape.

[0079] The thickness of the wire-grid reflective polarizing element 30 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, approximately 50 μm to 200 μm. A thinner thickness improves the ability to conform to the curved surface of the lens, making it possible to dramatically improve the yield in the process of bonding to the resin lens surface. Specifically, the thickness of the wire-grid reflective polarizing element 30 is preferably 50 to 150 μm, and more preferably 50 to 130 μm. Furthermore, by separating the holding substrate 31 and constructing the wire-grid reflective polarizing element 30 from the resin substrate 32 and the metal layer (metal wires 37), the thickness of the wire-grid reflective polarizing element 30 can be reduced to approximately 0.5 μm to 50 μm.

[0080] Prior to adhesive processing, surface treatment such as corona treatment can be performed on the exposed surface of the holding substrate 31 of the wire grid reflective polarizing element 30 that does not have the metal wires 37. When the grid-shaped convex portions 33 are COP, the discharge amount calculated from the discharge electrode length, the substrate film transport speed, and the discharge power is set to 10 to 120 W·min / m to prevent the metal wires 37 from detaching from the concave-convex structure. 2 It is preferable to adjust the processing conditions accordingly.

[0081] The reflective polarizing element in the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment may have multiple reflective surfaces involved in polarization separation, but it is preferable that it has only one reflective surface involved in polarization separation, like the wire grid polarizer shown in Figure 3.

[0082] [Adhesive layer] The reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment has an adhesive layer between the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element. The size and shape of the adhesive layer are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform in-plane thickness and sufficient adhesive strength, the average thickness is preferably 0.01 to 500 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 100 μm, and even more preferably 1.0 to 10 μm. The adhesive layer may cover the entire adhesive surface of the resin lens (the surface facing the reflective polarizing element) or only a portion thereof. Also, the adhesive layer may cover the entire adhesive surface of the reflective polarizing element (the surface facing the resin lens substrate) or only a portion thereof.

[0083] The adhesive layer of the reflective polarizing element-attached lens in this embodiment preferably exhibits a peeling area ratio of 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 5% or less, when exposed to an environment of 85°C temperature and 85% relative humidity for 500 hours. If the peeling area ratio of the adhesive layer when exposed to an environment of 85°C temperature and 85% relative humidity for 500 hours is within the above range, deterioration of optical performance in a high-temperature and humid environment tends to be further suppressed, and even clearer images tend to be obtained. The peeled area can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0084] In the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment, the adhesive layer is preferably an adhesive layer made of an adhesive that does not contain a silane coupling agent.

[0085] -Adhesives and adhesives- Various adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives can be used as materials for adhesion and bonding in the adhesive layer, but from the viewpoint of processability, solid sheet-like materials and pressure-sensitive adhesives are preferred. Here, pressure-sensitive adhesive refers to a material that has the characteristic of being semi-solid and viscous, without hardening a liquid, and therefore can adhere to the attachment surface with just the application of slight pressure.

[0086] As a specific material for the adhesive layer, a double-sided tape with release paper covering both sides can be used. Any material with transparency that allows light of the desired wavelength to pass through can be used without any problems. For example, Nitto Denko's CS9861US, CS9862UA, and HJ-9150W, Lintec's MO-T015, MO-3005, MO-3006, and MO-3014, and Sekisui Chemical's 5405X-75 are suitable. When attaching a wire-grid polarizer whose supporting substrate 21 is a film, it is necessary to consider the expansion and contraction of the film due to changes in ambient temperature. A flexible adhesive material is effective in adapting to the tension applied to the bonding surface that occurs due to the difference in contraction and expansion between the substrate (e.g., a lens) and the wire-grid polarizer to be bonded. Adhesive materials made of acrylic resins or silicone resins, as described above, are preferred. When heat resistance is a consideration, adhesives primarily composed of silicone resins (hereinafter referred to as "silicone adhesives") are preferred. Furthermore, when transparency, adhesive strength, procurement costs, etc. are taken into consideration, a pressure-sensitive adhesive containing an acrylic resin as its main component (hereinafter referred to as an "acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive") is preferred, and furthermore, it is more preferable for the resin structure of the pressure-sensitive adhesive to have a hydroxyl group in order to prevent deterioration of the polarization properties.

[0087] The thickness of the adhesive layer material is preferably 50 μm or more from the viewpoint of maintaining ease of handling and flexibility, but if the adhesive material is too thick, it becomes difficult to ensure mirror finish (or surface precision according to the designed shape), so the thickness is preferably 100 μm or less.

[0088] Furthermore, it is preferable to use a material with strong adhesive strength for the adhesive. By using a material with strong adhesive strength, peeling can be suppressed even in high-temperature, high-humidity environments, etc. As a material with strong adhesive strength, a material with adhesive strength to glass of 1.5 N / 25 mm or more may be used, and preferably 5.0 N / 25 mm or more.

[0089] The adhesive may contain additives such as refractive index adjusters, tackifiers, fillers, pigments, diluents, etc. Examples of additives include ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, etc. that improve the stability of the adhesive.

[0090] [Silane coupling agent layer] The reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment is characterized by including a silane coupling agent layer between at least one of the resin lens and the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer and the reflective polarizing element. When a plurality of silane coupling agent layers are provided, the silane coupling agent layers may all be formed of the same type of material, or may be formed of different materials. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment is provided with at least one silane coupling agent layer, which enables the resin substrate and the adhesive layer to be firmly bonded, suppresses deterioration of optical performance in high-temperature and humid environments, and enables clear images to be obtained.

[0091] The silane coupling agent layer can be formed by chemical vapor deposition of a silane coupling agent on at least one of the resin lens, adhesive layer, and reflective polarizing element. For example, a vacuum plasma device is used to supply water, oxygen gas, or the like into a reaction chamber to hydrophilize the surface of at least one of the lens, adhesive layer, and reflective polarizing element, and then the surface is reacted with the silane coupling agent to form the silane coupling agent layer.

[0092] Silane coupling agents are compounds containing an organic functional group that reacts with organic substances and a hydrolyzable group (e.g., an alkoxy group) that reacts with inorganic substances. They are used to improve the interaction between organic and inorganic materials at their interfaces. However, when using silane coupling agents to improve interfacial interactions between organic materials, the organic material must react with the hydrolyzable group of the silane coupling agent, which often limits the treatment conditions. For example, Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 4065962 and 5733392 describe examples of treating epoxy resins and cyclic olefin resins with silane coupling agents. However, these methods involve heating the resin substrate at high temperatures and irradiating it with short-wavelength vacuum ultraviolet light, limiting the range of resins to which they can be applied. In particular, methacrylic resin compositions generally have poor heat resistance and are prone to decomposition due to ultraviolet light. Therefore, it is preferable to treat methacrylic resin compositions with silane coupling agents under mild conditions.

[0093] As the silane coupling agent for forming the silane coupling agent layer, known silane coupling agents can be used, but it is preferable to use an alkoxysilane having at least one alkoxy group. The number of alkoxy groups is preferably 2 or 3 (i.e., dialkoxysilane or trialkoxysilane), and those having three alkoxy groups are particularly preferable. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3.

[0094] Specific examples of silane coupling agents that form the silane coupling agent layer include 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-[tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate, 3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl methacrylate, 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl methacrylate, (triethoxysilyl)methyl methacrylate, 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl acrylate, 3-(methoxydimethylsilyl)propyl acrylate, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate, [dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]methyl methacrylate, vinyltrimethoxysilane, triethoxyvinylsilane, dimethylethoxyvinylsilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane, trimethoxy(7-octen-1-yl) )silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, trimethoxy[3-(phenylamino)propyl]silane, 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-(ethoxydimethylsilyl)propan-1-amine, [3-(6-aminohexylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 3-(methylamino)propyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxy[3-(methylamino)propyl]silane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl(dimethoxy)methylsilane, triethoxy(3-glycidyloxypropyl)silane, diethoxy(3-glycidyloxypropyl)methylsilane, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of good reactivity with the acrylic adhesive, it is preferable to use a silane coupling agent having a (meth)acryloyl group.

[0095] The silane coupling agent layer can be formed by a conventional liquid-phase method or a gas-phase method. For example, the liquid-phase method is a method of forming a silane coupling agent layer by contacting a substrate with an organic solution containing a silane coupling agent for a certain period of time. On the other hand, the gas-phase method is a method of forming a silane coupling agent layer by contacting a substrate with vapor containing a silane coupling agent for a certain period of time without using a solvent. For example, a vacuum plasma device is used to supply water or oxygen gas into the reaction chamber to introduce hydrophilic functional groups onto the substrate surface, which are then reacted with the silane coupling agent to form a silane coupling agent layer. Unlike the liquid-phase method, the gas-phase method does not use a solvent, so damage to the substrate, such as dissolution by the solvent, can be suppressed. Furthermore, forming a silane coupling agent layer by the gas-phase method is preferable because it can reduce the amount of waste liquid and has a low environmental impact.

[0096] The plasma treatment for forming the silane coupling layer can be carried out using a conventionally known treatment method. For example, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment can be used, in which plasma is generated by applying a voltage between a dielectric and a metal electrode facing each other via a space, and the generated plasma is irradiated with a process gas such as oxygen or nitrogen, thereby irradiating the substrate with the plasma. Alternatively, vacuum plasma treatment can be used, in which the substrate is placed between metal electrodes facing each other via a dielectric in a sealed chamber, and the substrate surface is directly exposed to the plasma. Resins such as methacrylic resin compositions, whose molecular chains are easily scissed by plasma irradiation, can be treated with minimal damage to the substrate by using a remote plasma method, such as atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, in which a plasma-containing process gas is irradiated onto the substrate. On the other hand, direct plasma methods, such as vacuum plasma treatment, in which the substrate is directly exposed to plasma, offer higher treatment efficiency and can be performed in a sealed environment, reducing the risk of impurities being introduced during treatment. Furthermore, the vacuum plasma method is preferred for forming the silane coupling agent layer, as it allows the substrate hydrophilization process and the formation of the silane coupling agent layer to be carried out in a single reactor.

[0097] The gas used for the plasma treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a gas that can introduce hydroxyl groups onto the surface of the substrate to be treated, and conventionally known gases such as nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and water vapor can be used.

[0098] The power consumption during the discharge treatment during plasma treatment is preferably 60 W·min to 1500 W·min, more preferably 100 W·min to 1000 W·min, and even more preferably 120 W·min to 800 W·min. When the power consumption during the discharge treatment is 60 W·min or more, the hydrophilization treatment of the substrate is sufficiently carried out, and the silane coupling agent layer tends to be efficiently formed. As a result, the durability of the adhesive layer of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens tends to be improved in a high-temperature, humid environment. On the other hand, when the power consumption during the discharge treatment is 1500 W·min or less, the formation of an embrittlement layer near the surface due to deterioration of the resin lens by plasma treatment is reduced, and the durability of the adhesive layer of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens tends to be improved in a high-temperature, humid environment. Therefore, it is preferable to carry out the discharge treatment with a power consumption within the above range.

[0099] The conditions for forming the silane coupling agent layer (for example, the pressure and gas flow rate during the vacuum plasma treatment) may be set appropriately and are not particularly limited.

[0100] The formation of a silane coupling agent layer can be confirmed by known methods such as measuring the contact angle of water before and after the formation of the silane coupling agent layer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), infrared spectroscopy, etc. When confirming the presence or absence of a silane coupling agent layer after forming an adhesive layer on the silane coupling agent layer, surface analysis can be performed by exposing the adhesive interface using methods such as mechanical peeling such as polishing or etching, chemical peeling with a solvent, or physical peeling that deteriorates the adhesive by heating or cooling.

[0101] (Resin composition) The resin composition constituting the resin lens in the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment will be described below. The resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment is made of a resin composition. The resin contained in the resin lens is not particularly limited as long as it has low birefringence and heat resistance without impairing the function of the reflective polarizing element, but it is preferable that the resin contain a methacrylic resin as a resin that can achieve highly low birefringence. In other words, the resin lens is preferably made of a resin composition containing a methacrylic resin, i.e., a methacrylic resin composition. The resin lens is also preferably made of a cyclic polyolefin resin composition, more preferably a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin copolymer, which is a copolymer of ethylene or an α-olefin with a cyclic olefin.

[0102] ((Methacrylic resin composition)) The methacrylic resin composition contains a methacrylic resin. In addition to the methacrylic resin, the methacrylic resin composition may optionally contain additives, or may contain a thermoplastic resin other than the methacrylic resin, a rubbery polymer, or the like.

[0103] -Methacrylic resin- The methacrylic resin contained in the methacrylic resin composition will be described below. The methacrylic resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include resins primarily composed of structural units derived from methyl methacrylate, such as a homopolymer of methyl methacrylate or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate with one or more copolymerizable monomers, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylpyridine, vinylmorpholine, vinylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyacrylate, 2-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl acrylate, ethylene glycol monoacrylate, glycerin monoacrylate, maleic anhydride, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, styrene, or α-methylstyrene. Other methacrylic resins include heat-resistant methacrylic resins having a structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate and a lactone ring or glutarimide in the main chain, methyl methacrylate, and low-moisture-absorbing methacrylic resins, etc. These may be used alone or in a blend of two or more.

[0104] By appropriately adjusting the ratio of the structural unit (X) having a ring structure in the main chain to the structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid ester monomer in the methacrylic resin constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment, birefringence caused by orientation and residual stress during molding can be reduced, resulting in a resin lens for a head-mounted display having an average absolute value of retardation within the effective diameter of 10 nm or less. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting this ratio, sufficient heat resistance can be imparted to the methacrylic resin. From these perspectives, the content of the structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid ester monomer is preferably 50 to 97% by mass, more preferably 55 to 97% by mass, even more preferably 55 to 95% by mass, even more preferably 60 to 93% by mass, and particularly preferably 60 to 90% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the methacrylic resin. The content of structural units derived from methacrylic acid ester monomers is1 H-NMR measurement and 13 It can be determined by C-NMR measurement. 1 H-NMR measurement and 13 C-NMR measurement can be carried out, for example, using CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 as a measurement solvent at a measurement temperature of 40°C.

[0105] From the viewpoint of transparency and heat resistance, the methacrylic resin in this embodiment preferably contains a methacrylic resin having a structural unit with a ring structure. The structural unit having a ring structure preferably includes at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer, a glutarimide structural unit, an aromatic vinyl structural unit, an alicyclic vinyl structural unit, and a lactone ring structural unit. In the case of methacrylic resins that undergo a cyclization process to introduce a ring structure into the main chain, carboxylic acid side chains may remain, which can cause the water absorption to become very high and adversely affect the adhesion of antireflection coatings and mirror coatings and the adhesion of lamination with reflective polarizing elements. Therefore, methacrylic resins having structural units derived from N-substituted maleimide monomers or hydrogenated aromatic ring structural units are more preferred. Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the structural unit having a ring structure includes a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer, as this allows for highly controllable optical properties such as intrinsic birefringence and photoelastic coefficient without blending with other thermoplastic resins.

[0106] --Structural units derived from N-substituted maleimide monomers-- Next, the structural unit derived from the N-substituted maleimide monomer will be described. The structural unit derived from the N-substituted maleimide monomer may be at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by the following general formula (1) and structural units represented by the following general formula (2), and is preferably formed from both structural units represented by the following general formula (1) and the following general formula (2).

[0107] [ka] In general formula (1), R1 represents an arylalkyl group having 7 to 14 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Also, R 2 or R 3 When is an aryl group, R 2 or R 3 may contain a halogen atom as a substituent. Also, R 1 may be substituted with a substituent such as a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, or a benzyl group. [ka] In general formula (2), R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.

[0108] In the above general formula (1), the arylalkyl group having 7 to 14 carbon atoms is not limited, but examples thereof include a benzyl group, a phenylethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, a naphthylmethyl group, a naphthylethyl group, and a naphthylpropyl group.

[0109] In the above general formulas (1) and (2), the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is not limited, but examples thereof include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a phenanthryl group.

[0110] In the above general formula (1) and general formula (2), the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms may be linear or branched and is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a 2-methylbutyl group, an n-pentyl group, a 2-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a 2,2-dimethylpropyl group, an n-hexyl group, a heptyl group, an n-octyl group, a 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, and a dodecyl group.

[0111] In the above general formula (1), examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.

[0112] In the above general formula (1), the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is not limited, but examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-butoxy group, and a methoxyethoxy group.

[0113] In the above general formula (2), examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, a trimethylcyclohexyl group, a thujyl group, a norbornyl group, a bornyl group, a norcaryl group, a caryl group, a menthyl group, a norpinyl group, a pinyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, and a 2-adamantyl group.

[0114] Specific examples of the monomers that form the structural units represented by general formula (1) and general formula (2) are shown below. Examples of the monomers (N-arylmaleimides, N-aromatic substituted maleimides, etc.) that form the structural unit represented by general formula (1) include N-phenylmaleimide, N-benzylmaleimide, N-(2-chlorophenyl)maleimide, N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleimide, N-(4-bromophenyl)maleimide, N-(2-methylphenyl)maleimide, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)maleimide, N-(2-ethylphenyl)maleimide, N-(2-methoxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(2-nitro ... N-(4-benzylphenyl)maleimide, N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)maleimide, N-(4-benzylphenyl)maleimide, N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide, N-naphthylmaleimide, N-anthracenylmaleimide, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1,3,4-triphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, and the like. Among these monomers, N-phenylmaleimide and N-benzylmaleimide are preferred because they have excellent heat resistance and optical properties such as birefringence. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0115] Examples of the monomer that forms the structural unit represented by general formula (2) include N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, Nn-propylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, Nn-butylmaleimide, N-isobutylmaleimide, Ns-butylmaleimide, Nt-butylmaleimide, Nn-pentylmaleimide, Nn-hexylmaleimide, Nn-heptylmaleimide, Nn-octylmaleimide, N -laurylmaleimide, N-cyclopentylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, 1-cyclohexyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1-cyclohexyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1-cyclohexyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, and the like. Among these monomers, N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide are preferred because they provide excellent weather resistance to the methacrylic resin, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide is particularly preferred because it has excellent low moisture absorption, which is a requirement for optical materials in recent years. These monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0116] In the methacrylic resin in the methacrylic resin composition, it is particularly preferable to use a structural unit represented by general formula (1) in combination with a structural unit represented by general formula (2), in order to develop highly controlled birefringence characteristics. The molar ratio (X1 / X2) of the content (X1) of the structural unit represented by general formula (1) to the content (X2) of the structural unit represented by general formula (2) is preferably more than 0 and not more than 15, more preferably more than 0 and not more than 10. When the molar ratio (X1 / X2) is within this range, the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment maintains its transparency, does not turn yellow, and exhibits good heat resistance and good photoelastic properties without impairing environmental resistance.

[0117] The content of the structural units derived from the N-substituted maleimide monomer is preferably in the range of 5 to 40% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 35% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the methacrylic resin. When the content of the structural units derived from the N-substituted maleimide monomer is within this range, the methacrylic resin exhibits a more sufficient improvement in heat resistance, and also exhibits more favorable improvements in weather resistance, low water absorption, and optical properties. Note that keeping the content of the structural units derived from the N-substituted maleimide monomer to 40% by mass or less is effective in preventing a decrease in the physical properties of the methacrylic resin due to a decrease in the reactivity of the monomer components during the polymerization reaction and an increase in the amount of unreacted remaining monomer. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the content of structural units derived from N-substituted maleimide monomers within this range, birefringence caused by orientation or residual stress during molding can be reduced, and a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens with an average absolute value of in-plane retardation of 10 nm or less can be obtained. The optimal content of structural units derived from N-substituted maleimide monomers varies depending on the type of N-substituted maleimide, but for example, when methyl methacrylate is used as the methacrylic acid ester monomer and N-phenylmaleimide and N-cyclohexylmaleimide are used as the N-substituted maleimide monomers, it is preferable to adjust the content within the ranges of 79 to 83 mass% of structural units derived from methyl methacrylate, 6 to 8 mass% of structural units derived from N-phenylmaleimide, and 11 to 13 mass% of structural units derived from N-cyclohexylmaleimide.

[0118] The methacrylic resin having a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer may contain a structural unit derived from another monomer copolymerizable with the methacrylic acid ester monomer and the N-substituted maleimide monomer, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. For example, the other copolymerizable monomers include aromatic vinyls; unsaturated nitriles; acrylic esters having a cyclohexyl group, a benzyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; glycidyl compounds; and unsaturated carboxylic acids. Examples of the aromatic vinyl include styrene, α-methylstyrene, and divinylbenzene. Examples of the unsaturated nitrile include acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and ethacrylonitrile. Examples of the acrylic ester include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate. Examples of the glycidyl compound include glycidyl (meth)acrylate. Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and half-esters or anhydrides of these acids. The structural unit derived from the other copolymerizable monomer may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types.

[0119] The content of structural units derived from these other copolymerizable monomers is preferably 0 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0 to 9% by mass, and even more preferably 0 to 8% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the methacrylic resin. If the content of the structural units derived from other monomers is within this range, the molding processability and mechanical properties of the resin can be improved without impairing the inherent effect of introducing a ring structure, which is preferable.

[0120] The content of the structural unit derived from the N-substituted maleimide monomer and the content of the structural unit derived from other copolymerizable monomers are as follows: 1 H-NMR measurement and 13 It can be determined by C-NMR measurement. 1 H-NMR measurement and 13 C-NMR measurement can be carried out, for example, using CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 as a measurement solvent at a measurement temperature of 40°C.

[0121] --Glutarimide structural unit-- Examples of methacrylic resins having glutarimide structural units include those described in JP 2006-249202 A, JP 2007-009182 A, JP 2007-009191 A, JP 2011-186482 A, and Republished Patent Publication No. 2012 / 114718, and can be formed by the methods described in these publications. The glutarimide structural units constituting the methacrylic resin may be formed after polymerization of the resin. Specifically, the glutarimide structural unit may be represented by the following general formula (3).

[0122] [ka] In the above general formula (3), preferably R7 and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 9 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a butyl group, or a cyclohexyl group, and more preferably, R 7 is a methyl group, and R 8 is a hydrogen atom, and R 9 is a methyl group. The glutarimide-based structural unit may contain only one type, or may contain multiple types.

[0123] In the methacrylic resin having glutarimide structural units, the content of the glutarimide structural units is preferably in the range of 3 to 70% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 60% by mass, with the methacrylic resin being 100% by mass. When the content of the glutarimide structural unit is within the above range, a resin having good moldability, heat resistance, and optical properties can be obtained, which is preferable. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the content of the glutarimide structural unit within this range, it is possible to reduce birefringence caused by orientation during molding or residual stress, and obtain a reflective polarizing element-attached lens having an average absolute value of in-plane retardation of 5 nm or less. 7 ~R 9 The optimum content of glutarimide structural units varies depending on the type of substituent of R. 7 and R 8 is a hydrogen atom, and R 9 When is a methyl group, if the content of glutarimide structural units is in the range of 3 to 10 mass %, birefringence caused by orientation or residual stress during molding is reduced, and a reflective polarizing element-laminated lens with an average absolute value of in-plane retardation of 10 nm or less can be obtained. The content of glutarimide structural units in the methacrylic resin can be determined using the method described in the aforementioned patent document.

[0124] The methacrylic resin having glutarimide structural units may further contain aromatic vinyl monomer units, if necessary. The aromatic vinyl monomer is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include styrene and α-methylstyrene, with styrene being preferred.

[0125] The content of aromatic vinyl units in the methacrylic resin having glutarimide structural units is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 20% by mass, with the methacrylic resin having glutarimide structural units being 100% by mass. When the content of the aromatic vinyl unit is within the above range, it is possible to achieve both heat resistance and excellent photoelasticity, which is preferable. For example, when a resin is obtained by glutarimidating a methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer obtained by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate as the methacrylic acid ester monomer and styrene as the aromatic vinyl monomer, by adjusting the range of structural units derived from methyl methacrylate to 65 to 90 mass %, structural units derived from styrene to 5 to 15 mass %, and glutarimide-based structural units to 5 to 20 mass %, it is possible to reduce birefringence caused by orientation and residual stress during molding and to obtain a reflective polarizing element-laminated lens with an average absolute value of in-plane retardation of 10 nm or less.

[0126] --Aromatic vinyl structural unit-- The aromatic vinyl structural unit is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include structural units derived from styrene and α-methylstyrene, with styrene-derived structural units being preferred.

[0127] --Alicyclic vinyl structural unit-- The alicyclic vinyl structural unit can be formed by the methods described in, for example, JP-A Nos. 2006-291184, 2006-291184, 2014-77043, and 2014-77044.

[0128] --Lactone ring structural unit-- Methacrylic resins having lactone ring structural units can be formed by the methods described in, for example, JP-A Nos. 2001-151814, 2004-168882, 2005-146084, 2006-96960, 2006-171464, 2007-63541, 2007-297620, and 2010-180305.

[0129] The lactone ring structural unit constituting the methacrylic resin may be formed after polymerization of the resin. The lactone ring structural unit in this embodiment is preferably a six-membered ring because it has excellent stability of the ring structure. As the 6-membered lactone ring structural unit, for example, a structure represented by the following general formula (4) is particularly preferred.

[0130] [ka]

[0131] In the above general formula (4), R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of organic residues include saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., alkyl groups) having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group; unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., alkenyl groups) having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as an ethenyl group or a propenyl group; aromatic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., aryl groups) having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group; and groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms in these saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, or aromatic hydrocarbon groups have been substituted with at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, and an ester group.

[0132] The lactone ring structural unit can be formed, for example, by copolymerizing an acrylic acid monomer having a hydroxy group with a methacrylic acid ester monomer such as methyl methacrylate to introduce a hydroxy group and an ester group or a carboxyl group into the molecular chain, and then causing dealcoholization (esterification) or dehydration condensation (hereinafter also referred to as a "cyclization condensation reaction") between the hydroxy group and the ester group or the carboxyl group.

[0133] Examples of the acrylic acid monomer having a hydroxy group used in the polymerization include 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylic acid, 2-(hydroxyethyl)acrylic acid, alkyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylates (e.g., methyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate, isopropyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate, n-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate, t-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate), alkyl 2-(hydroxyethyl)acrylates, and the like. Preferred are 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylic acid and alkyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylates, which are monomers having a hydroxyalkyl moiety, and particularly preferred are methyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate and ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate.

[0134] The content of the lactone ring structural unit in the methacrylic resin having the lactone ring structural unit is preferably 5 to 40 mass %, more preferably 5 to 35 mass %, relative to 100 mass % of the methacrylic resin. When the content of the lactone ring structural unit is within this range, the effects of introducing a ring structure, such as improved solvent resistance and surface hardness, can be achieved while maintaining moldability. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the content of the lactone ring structural unit within this range, birefringence caused by orientation or residual stress during molding can be reduced, and a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens having an average absolute value of in-plane retardation of 10 nm or less can be obtained. The content of the lactone ring structure in the methacrylic resin can be determined by the method described in the aforementioned patent document.

[0135] The methacrylic resin having a lactone ring structural unit may have a structural unit derived from another monomer copolymerizable with the above-mentioned methacrylic acid ester monomer and acrylic acid monomer having a hydroxy group. Examples of such copolymerizable other monomers include monomers having a polymerizable double bond, such as styrene, vinyltoluene, α-methylstyrene, α-hydroxymethylstyrene, α-hydroxyethylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methallyl alcohol, ethylene, propylene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, vinyl acetate, 2-hydroxymethyl-1-butene, methyl vinyl ketone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and N-vinylcarbazole. The copolymer may contain only one type of these other monomers (structural units), or may contain two or more types.

[0136] The content of structural units derived from these other copolymerizable monomers is preferably 0 to 20% by mass relative to 100% by mass of the methacrylic resin, and from the viewpoint of weather resistance, it is more preferably less than 10% by mass, and even more preferably less than 7% by mass. The methacrylic resin in the present embodiment may have only one type of structural unit derived from the other copolymerizable monomer, or may have two or more types.

[0137] --Methacrylic resin containing hydrogenated aromatic ring structural units-- Other than methacrylic resins having a structural unit with a ring structure in the main chain and a structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid ester monomer, examples of methacrylic resins having low birefringence characteristics that satisfy the present embodiment include methacrylic resins having a hydrogenated aromatic ring structural unit.

[0138] A method for producing a methacrylic resin having a hydrogenated aromatic ring structural unit involves hydrogenating a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl compound and a (meth)acrylate in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and a reaction solvent to produce a nuclear-hydrogenated polymer. Although known methods can be used to polymerize an aromatic vinyl compound and a (meth)acrylate-containing monomer, radical polymerization is industrially simple and convenient. Radical polymerization can be appropriately selected from known methods such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and suspension polymerization, but bulk polymerization or solution polymerization is preferred to avoid the inclusion of moisture during the hydrogenation reaction. In the production method of this embodiment, any of batch polymerization, semi-batch polymerization, and continuous polymerization can be used as the polymerization method. Methacrylic resins containing hydrogenated aromatic ring structural units can be produced by methods described in, for example, JP-A Nos. 2006-291184, 2006-291184, 2014-77043, and 2014-77044.

[0139] An example of a method for producing a methacrylic resin containing a hydrogenated aromatic ring structural unit obtained by hydrogenating a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl compound and a (meth)acrylate will be specifically described below.

[0140] Specific examples of aromatic vinyl compounds used in polymerization include styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, α-hydroxymethylstyrene, α-hydroxyethylstyrene, p-hydroxystyrene, alkoxystyrene, and chlorostyrene, with styrene being preferred. It is also possible to copolymerize two or more aromatic vinyl compounds. The use of styrene with a substituent at the α-position is particularly preferred because it can enhance the heat resistance of the resin.

[0141] The solvent used for polymerization must be stable under the reaction conditions, have good solubility for the copolymer (a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl compound and a (meth)acrylate, and a nuclear-hydrogenated polymer in which the aromatic ring has been hydrogenated) and for hydrogen before and after the hydrogenation reaction, and must also ensure rapid reaction. Furthermore, considering the need to devolatilize the solvent components after the reaction, it is also important that the solvent has a high ignition point. Examples of solvents that satisfy these requirements include hydrocarbon compounds such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-octane, and cyclohexane; ether compounds such as 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; amide compounds such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; and ester compounds. Among these, ether compounds and ester compounds are particularly preferred. Tetrahydrofuran is particularly preferred as an ether compound. These solvents may be used alone or in combination.

[0142] The ester compound is preferably a carboxylic acid ester compound. An aliphatic ester compound is used as the carboxylic acid ester compound, and a compound represented by the following general formula (5) is preferred. In the following general formula (5), R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of R1 and R2 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. Examples of the ester compound include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, n-propyl propionate, n-butyl propionate, methyl n-butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, n-butyl n-butyrate, methyl n-valerate, and methyl n-hexanoate. Methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl isobutyrate, and methyl n-butyrate are particularly preferred. R1-COO-R2···(5)

[0143] The concentration of the copolymer (a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl compound and a (meth)acrylate, and a nuclear-hydrogenated polymer in which the aromatic ring has been hydrogenated) in the solution during the hydrogenation reaction is usually 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 3 to 30% by weight, and more preferably 5 to 25% by weight. If the concentration of the copolymer is too high, it is undesirable from the viewpoints of a slower reaction rate and difficulty in handling due to an increase in the viscosity of the solution, while if the concentration is too low, it is undesirable from the viewpoints of productivity and economy.

[0144] The water concentration in the polymer solution before the hydrogenation reaction is 0.5% by weight or less, preferably 0.2% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.05% by weight or less. If the water content exceeds 0.5% by weight, the produced nuclear-hydrogenated polymer (pellets, powder) may become colored, which is undesirable for optical materials.

[0145] During the polymerization reaction, a polymerization initiator or a chain transfer agent can be added as needed, but since sulfur inhibits the hydrogenation reaction, it is desirable that the amount of sulfur contained is as small as possible. The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it does not have a sulfur functional group, and for example, the polymerization initiators disclosed in the above-mentioned method for preparing a methacrylic resin having a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer can be used. These polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These polymerization initiators may be added at any stage as long as the polymerization reaction is in progress. The amount of polymerization initiator to be added may be appropriately set depending on the combination of monomers, reaction conditions, etc., and is not particularly limited, but may be 0.05 to 1% by mass when the total amount of monomers used in polymerization is 100% by mass.

[0146] A suitable method for adding the polymerization initiator and the chain transfer agent in the polymerization step may be, for example, the method described in the above-mentioned method for preparing a methacrylic resin having structural units derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer.

[0147] The dissolved oxygen concentration in the polymerization solution may be, for example, the value disclosed in the above-mentioned method for preparing a methacrylic resin having structural units derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer.

[0148] A chain transfer agent is not necessarily required. If one is used, it is preferable to use, for example, a carbon tetrahalide such as carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, or carbon tetraiodide, or a styrene dimer such as 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene. Mercaptan compound-based chain transfer agents, which are commonly used, are not preferred because they introduce sulfur functional groups into the polymer terminals, inhibiting the hydrogenation reaction of the aromatic rings. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These chain transfer agents may be added at any stage as long as the polymerization reaction is in progress, and there are no particular limitations on the addition stage. The amount of the chain transfer agent to be added is not particularly limited as long as it is within a range in which a desired degree of polymerization can be obtained under the polymerization conditions used, but it is preferably 0.05 to 1% by mass when the total amount of the monomers used in the polymerization is taken as 100% by mass. Generally, when a mercaptan compound-based chain transfer agent is not used, the thermal decomposition property of the raw polymer decreases. However, in the case of methacrylic resins containing hydrogenated aromatic ring structural units, physical properties such as the decomposition temperature depend only on the hydrogenation rate, and if the hydrogenation rate is the same, the use of a sulfur-based chain transfer agent does not affect the decomposition temperature.

[0149] The catalyst (hydrogenation catalyst) used in the hydrogenation reaction is not particularly limited as long as it has hydrogenation activity. Specific examples include nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, and the like. Among these, palladium supported on a carrier is particularly preferred, as it has a high reaction rate and allows the solvent to be retained before and after the reaction without causing side reactions. Generally, activated carbon, alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), silica-alumina (SiO2-Al2O3), diatomaceous earth, zirconium oxide, and the like are used as catalyst carriers. The catalyst carrier used in the present invention is not limited, but activated carbon, alumina, or zirconium oxide is preferably used.

[0150] The amount of palladium metal supported on the support is usually in the range of 0.01 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight. Economically, it is preferable to use as little palladium as possible, as it is an expensive metal. However, when activated carbon or zirconium oxide is used as the support, it is possible to support palladium in a highly dispersed state. Furthermore, because the reaction rate per unit palladium is very high, a sufficient reaction rate can be maintained even when the palladium support amount is 0.1 to 1.0% by weight. The degree of dispersion of palladium is measured using a known method, such as the carbon monoxide pulse adsorption method.

[0151] Palladium precursors can be known salts or complexes such as palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, and palladium acetate. When impregnating and supporting the carrier, the precursor is made into a solution, and examples of precursor solution combinations (precursor / solvent) include palladium chloride / hydrochloric acid water, palladium chloride / sodium chloride water, palladium nitrate / water, palladium nitrate / hydrochloric acid water, palladium acetate / hydrochloric acid water, and palladium acetate / organic solvent.

[0152] Preferred hydrogenation reaction conditions are a temperature of 60 to 250°C, a hydrogen pressure of 3 to 30 MPa, and a reaction time of 3 to 20 hours. If the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction rate will be slow, while if the reaction temperature is too high, side reactions such as polymer decomposition and solvent hydrogenolysis will occur, which is undesirable. Furthermore, if the hydrogen pressure is low, the reaction rate will be slow, and conversely, if the hydrogen pressure is increased further, a high-pressure reactor will be required, which is economically undesirable.

[0153] The hydrogenation catalyst and volatile components (solvent, etc.) can be separated from the polymer solution after the hydrogenation reaction to obtain a nuclear-hydrogenated polymer. The catalyst can be separated by known techniques such as filtration or centrifugation. Considering coloration and effects on mechanical properties, the concentration of residual catalyst metal in the polymer must be as low as possible, preferably 10 ppm or less, and more preferably 1 ppm or less.

[0154] As a method for purifying the polymer by separating volatile components such as the solvent from the resulting nuclear-hydrogenated polymer solution after separating the catalyst, it is preferable to remove volatile components by the devolatilization method described in the above-mentioned method for preparing a methacrylic resin having structural units derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer, followed by pelletization, from the viewpoint of reducing the fluorescence intensity.

[0155] In the case of copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds and (meth)acrylates, the composition of the structural units of the copolymer does not necessarily match the composition of the charged monomers, but is determined by the amount of monomer actually incorporated into the copolymer by the polymerization reaction. The ratio of the structural units of the copolymer will match the charged monomer composition ratio if the polymerization rate is 100%, but in reality, it is often produced with a polymerization rate of 50 to 80%, and since the more reactive the monomer, the more easily it is incorporated into the copolymer, there will be a discrepancy between the charged monomer composition and the composition of the structural units of the copolymer, so it is necessary to adjust the composition ratio of the charged monomers appropriately.

[0156] In the structural units of the copolymer of aromatic vinyl compound and (meth)acrylate used in the hydrogenation reaction of the present invention, the molar ratio (A / B) of structural units (A moles) derived from (meth)acrylate monomers to structural units (B moles) of aromatic vinyl compound monomers is preferably 0.25 or more and 4.0 or less. If the molar ratio (A / B) is less than 0.25, the mechanical strength may be poor and the polymer may not be suitable for practical use. If the molar ratio (A / B) exceeds 4.0, the aromatic rings to be hydrogenated are too few, and the performance improvement effect of the hydrogenation reaction, such as an increase in glass transition temperature, may be insufficient.

[0157] The content of structural units derived from these other copolymerizable monomers is preferably 0 to 20% by mass relative to 100% by mass of the methacrylic resin, and from the viewpoint of weather resistance, it is more preferably less than 10% by mass, and even more preferably less than 7% by mass. The methacrylic resin in the present embodiment may have only one type of structural unit derived from the other copolymerizable monomer, or may have two or more types.

[0158] -Methacrylic resin manufacturing method- The method for producing the methacrylic resin of this embodiment will be described below. In the method for producing methacrylic resins, the polymerization method can be a batch method, a semi-batch method, or a continuous method. Here, the batch method is a process in which the reaction is initiated and progressed after the entire amount of raw materials is charged into a reactor, and the product is recovered after completion. The semi-batch method is a process in which either the raw materials are charged or the product is recovered simultaneously while the reaction is in progress. Furthermore, the continuous method is a process in which both the raw materials are charged and the product is recovered simultaneously while the reaction is in progress. As a method for producing methacrylic resins, a semi-batch method in which some of the raw materials are charged after the reaction has started is preferred from the viewpoint of precisely controlling the copolymer composition. Furthermore, although a continuous system can be used, it is preferable not to use it as a method for producing a methacrylic resin for the following reasons. When the polymerization reaction is carried out in a single complete mixing reactor, there is an advantage that the difference in monomer composition between fractions with different molecular weights in the methacrylic resin can be reduced, but a large amount of unreacted monomer remains after polymerization, which tends to have an adverse effect on the color tone. On the other hand, when a plug flow reactor is used, the amount of unreacted monomer can be reduced, but the difference in monomer composition between fractions with different molecular weights in the methacrylic resin tends to be large. When multiple complete mixing reactors or a complete mixing reactor and a plug flow reactor are combined in series, the amount of unreacted monomer can also be reduced, but the difference in monomer composition between the fractions tends to be large.

[0159] The polymerization method for the methacrylic resin is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, and cationic polymerization.

[0160] The polymerization solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and isopropylbenzene; esters such as methyl isobutyrate; ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl cellosolve, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; and polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and 2-methylpyrrolidone. Furthermore, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol may be used in combination as a polymerization solvent to the extent that they do not inhibit the dissolution of the polymerization product during polymerization. The amount of solvent used during polymerization is not particularly limited as long as it allows the polymerization to proceed, does not cause precipitation of the copolymer and the monomers used during production, and can be easily removed. For example, when the total amount of the monomers to be blended is 100 parts by mass, the amount of solvent is preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 25 to 200 parts by mass, even more preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, and still more preferably 50 to 150 parts by mass.

[0161] As the polymerization initiator, any initiator generally used in radical polymerization can be used, and examples thereof include organic peroxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate, t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-amylperoxyisononanoate, and 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane; and azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and dimethyl-2,2'-azobisisobutyrate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These polymerization initiators may be added at any stage as long as the polymerization reaction is in progress. The amount of the polymerization initiator added may be 0.01 to 1 part by mass, and preferably 0.05 to 0.5 part by mass, when the total amount of the monomers used in the polymerization is 100 parts by mass.

[0162] As the chain transfer agent, any chain transfer agent used in general radical polymerization can be used, and examples thereof include mercaptan compounds such as n-butyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, n-decyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, and 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate; halogen compounds such as carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, and bromoform; and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds such as α-methylstyrene dimer, α-terpinene, dipentene, and terpinolene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These chain transfer agents may be added at any stage as long as the polymerization reaction is in progress, and there are no particular limitations on the addition stage. The amount of the chain transfer agent added may be 0.01 to 1 part by mass, and preferably 0.05 to 0.5 part by mass, when the total amount of the monomers used in the polymerization is 100 parts by mass.

[0163] The method for recovering a polymer from a polymerization solution obtained by solution polymerization is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which the polymerization solution is added to an excess amount of a poor solvent, such as a hydrocarbon solvent or an alcohol solvent, in which the polymerization product obtained by polymerization is not soluble, followed by treatment with a homogenizer (emulsification dispersion), and unreacted monomers are separated from the polymerization solution by pretreatment such as liquid-liquid extraction or solid-liquid extraction; or a method in which the polymerization solvent and unreacted monomers are separated via a step called a devolatilization step, and the polymerization product is recovered. Here, the devolatilization step refers to a step of removing volatile components such as the polymerization solvent, residual monomers, and reaction by-products under heated and reduced pressure conditions.

[0164] Examples of equipment used in the devolatilization step include a devolatilizer consisting of a tubular heat exchanger and a devolatilization tank; thin-film evaporators such as Wiblen and Exeba manufactured by Kobelco Environmental Solutions Co., Ltd., and Contra and tilted blade Contra manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.; and a vented extruder having a residence time and surface area sufficient to exhibit devolatilization performance. A devolatilization step using a devolatilization apparatus that combines two or more of these devices can also be used.

[0165] From the viewpoint of improving the color tone, it is preferable to use a devolatilizer that is mainly composed of a heat exchanger and a reduced pressure vessel and does not have a rotating part in its structure. Specifically, a devolatilization apparatus can be used which comprises a devolatilization tank having a structure in which a heat exchanger is disposed at the top of the tank and a pressure reduction unit is attached to a pressure reduction container having a size sufficient for devolatilization, and a discharge device such as a gear pump for discharging the polymer after devolatilization. In the volatilizing apparatus, the polymerization solution is preheated by being fed to a heated heat exchanger, such as a multi-tube heat exchanger, a plate-fin heat exchanger, or a flat-plate heat exchanger having a flat-plate flow path and a heater, which is disposed above the reduced-pressure vessel, and then fed to a volatilizing tank which is heated and under reduced pressure, to separate and remove the polymerization solvent, unreacted raw material mixture, polymerization by-products, and the copolymer. Use of a volatilizing apparatus having no rotating part as described above is preferred because it allows the production of a methacrylic resin having a good color tone.

[0166] The treatment temperature in the devolatilizer is preferably 150 to 350° C., more preferably 170 to 300° C., and even more preferably 200 to 280° C. By setting the treatment temperature to the lower limit temperature or higher, the amount of residual volatile matter can be suppressed, and by setting the treatment temperature to the upper limit temperature or lower, coloration and decomposition of the resulting methacrylic resin can be suppressed.

[0167] -Additives- The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment may contain various additives within the range that does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention. The additives are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include antioxidants, light stabilizers such as hindered amine light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, release agents, thermoplastic resins other than methacrylic resins, softeners / plasticizers such as paraffinic process oil, naphthenic process oil, aromatic process oil, paraffin, organic polysiloxane, and mineral oil, flame retardants, antistatic agents, inorganic fillers such as organic fibers and pigments such as iron oxide, reinforcing agents such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, and metal whiskers, colorants, organic phosphorus compounds such as phosphites, phosphonites, and phosphate esters, and mixtures thereof.

[0168] --Antioxidants-- The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment preferably contains an antioxidant that suppresses deterioration and coloration during molding or use. Examples of the antioxidant include, but are not limited to, hindered phenol-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based antioxidants, and sulfur-based antioxidants. In order to precisely control distortion and warpage of the surface of the molded article, it is essential for the resin composition of this embodiment to maintain the resin at a high temperature in the mold cavity and allow an appropriate cooling time. When subjected to a long-term thermal history, the amount of heat stabilizer added must be increased to achieve the desired thermal stability. However, from the viewpoints of suppressing bleed-out of the heat stabilizer and preventing it from sticking to the mold, it is preferable to use multiple types of heat stabilizers in combination. For example, it is preferable to use a hindered phenol-based antioxidant in combination with at least one selected from a phosphorus-based antioxidant and a sulfur-based antioxidant. These antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0169] Examples of the hindered phenol antioxidant include, but are not limited to, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], thiodiethylene bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 3,3',3'',5,5',5''-hexa-tert-butyl-a,a',a''-(mesitylene-2,4,6-triyl)tri-p-cresol, 4,6-bis(octylthiomethyl)-o-cresol, 4,6-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-o-cresol, ethylene bis(oxyethylene) bis[3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl)propionate], hexamethylene bis[ 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris[(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-xylin)methyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 2 ,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamine)phenol, 2-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-pentylphenyl)ethyl]-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenyl acrylate, 2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)phenyl acrylate, etc. Among these, pentaerythritol terakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and 2-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-pentylphenyl)ethyl]-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenyl acrylate are particularly preferred.

[0170] Furthermore, as the hindered phenol-based antioxidant, a commercially available phenol-based antioxidant may be used. Examples of such commercially available phenol-based antioxidants include, but are not limited to, Irganox 1010 (Irganox 1010: pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], manufactured by BASF), Irganox 1076 (Irganox 1076: octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, manufactured by BASF), Irganox 1330 (Irganox 1330: 3,3',3'',5,5',5''-hexa-t-butyl-a,a',a''-(mesitylene-2,4,6-triyl)tri-p-cresol, manufactured by BASF), and the like. Co., Ltd.), Irganox 3114 (Irganox 3114: 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, BASF), Irganox 3125 (Irganox 3125, BASF), Adeka STAB AO-60 (pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), Adekastab AO-80 (3,9-bis{2-[3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy]-1,1-dimethylethyl}-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), Sumilizer BHT (Sumilizer BHT, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), Cyanox 1790 (manufactured by Cytec), Sumilizer GA-80 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), Sumilizer GS (Sumilizer GS: 2-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-pentylphenyl)ethyl]-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenyl acrylate, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), Sumilizer GM (Sumilizer GM: 2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)phenyl acrylate, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), and Vitamin E (manufactured by Eisai). Among these commercially available phenolic antioxidants, Irganox 1010, Adekastab AO-60, Adekastab AO-80, Irganox 1076, Sumilizer GS, etc. are preferred from the viewpoint of the effect of imparting thermal stability to the resin. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0171] Furthermore, examples of the phosphorus-based antioxidant include, but are not limited to, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite, bis(2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methylphenyl)ethyl ester phosphorous acid, tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)(1,1-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbisphosphonite, bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-t-butylphenyl)(1,1-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbisphosphonite, di-t-butyl-m-cresylphosphonite, 4-[3-[(2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyldibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin)-6-yloxy]propyl]-2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol, and the like. Furthermore, commercially available phosphorus-based antioxidants may be used as the phosphorus-based antioxidant. Examples of such commercially available phosphorus-based antioxidants include, but are not limited to, Irgafos 168 (Irgafos 168: tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite, manufactured by BASF), Irgafos 12 (Irgafos 12: tris[2-[[2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyldibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphen-6-yl]oxy]ethyl]amine, manufactured by BASF), Irgafos 38 (Irgafos 38: bis(2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methylphenyl)ethyl ester phosphorous acid, manufactured by BASF), Adeka STAB 329K (ADK STAB-229K, manufactured by ADEKA), Adeka STAB PEP-36 (ADK STAB PEP-36 (ADEKA), ADK STAB PEP-36A (ADEKA), ADK STAB PEP-8 (ADEKA), ADK STAB HP-10 (ADEKA), ADK STAB HP-10 (ADEKA), ADK STAB 2112 (ADK STAB 2112, ADEKA Corporation), ADK STAB 1178 (ADEKA STAB 1178, ADEKA), ADK STAB 1500 (ADEKA), Sandstab P-EPQ (Clariant), Weston 618 (GE), Weston 619G (GE), Ultranox 626 (GE), Sumilizer GP GP: 4-[3-[(2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyldibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin)-6-yloxy]propyl]-2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), HCA (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, manufactured by Sanko Co., Ltd.), and the like. Among these commercially available phosphorus-based antioxidants, from the viewpoint of the effect of imparting thermal stability to the resin and the effect of using them in combination with various other antioxidants, Irgafos 168, ADK STAB PEP-36, ADK STAB PEP-36A, ADK STAB HP-10, and ADK STAB 1178 are preferred, with ADK STAB PEP-36A and ADK STAB PEP-36 being particularly preferred. These phosphorus-based antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0172] Furthermore, examples of the sulfur-based antioxidant include, but are not limited to, 2,4-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-6-methylphenol (Irganox 1726, manufactured by BASF), 2,4-bis(octylthiomethyl)-6-methylphenol (Irganox 1520L, manufactured by BASF), 2,2-bis{[3-(dodecylthio)-1-oxoporopoxy]methyl}propane-1,3-diol, and the like. 2,2-bis{[3-(dodecylthio)-1-oxoporopoxy]methyl}propane-1,3-diylbis[3-dodecylthio]propionate] (ADEKA STAB AO-412S, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), 2,2-bis{[3-(dodecylthio)-1-oxoporopoxy]methyl}propane-1,3-diylbis[3-dodecylthio]propionate] (CHEMINOX PLS, manufactured by Chemipro Chemical Co., Ltd.), and di(tridecyl) 3,3′-thiodipropionate (AO-503, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation). Among these commercially available sulfur antioxidants, Adekastab AO-412S and Cheminox PLS are preferred from the viewpoints of their effect of imparting thermal stability to the resin, their effect in combination with various antioxidants, and ease of handling. These sulfur-based antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0173] The content of the antioxidant may be any amount that is effective in improving thermal stability. If the content is excessive, problems such as bleeding out during processing may occur. Therefore, the content is preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 3 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 1 part by mass or less, still more preferably 0.8 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 0.01 to 0.8 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.5 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the methacrylic resin.

[0174] --Hindered amine light stabilizers-- The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment may contain a hindered amine-based light stabilizer. The hindered amine light stabilizer is not particularly limited, but is preferably a compound containing three or more ring structures. Here, the ring structure is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring, an aliphatic ring, an aromatic heterocycle, and a non-aromatic heterocycle, and when one compound has two or more ring structures, they may be the same or different. Examples of the hindered amine light stabilizer include, but are not limited to, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]butyl malonate, a mixture of bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate and methyl 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidylsebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, N ,N'-Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-N,N'-diformylhexamethylenediamine, polycondensate of dibutylamine·1,3,5-triazine·N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexamethylenediamine and N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)butylamine, poly[{6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl}{(2,2,6,6-tetramethylbutyl)amino] -4-piperidyl)imino}hexamethylene{(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino}], tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidiol and β,β,β',β'-tetramethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5 Examples of suitable bis(1-undecanoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonate include 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate. Among these, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]butylmalonate, a polycondensate of dibutylamine·1,3,5-triazine·N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexamethylenediamine and N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)butylamine, and poly[{6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl} {(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino}hexamethylene{(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino}], the reaction product of 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidiol and β,β,β',β'-tetramethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diethanol, and the reaction product of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidiol and β,β,β',β'-tetramethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diethanol are preferred. The content of the hindered amine light stabilizer may be any amount that is effective in improving light stability, and if the content is excessive, problems such as bleeding out during processing may occur. Therefore, the content is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, even more preferably 1% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.8% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.01 to 0.8% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass, relative to 100% by mass of the methacrylic resin.

[0175] --UV absorber-- The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment may contain an ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, but is preferably an ultraviolet absorber having a maximum absorption wavelength of 280 to 380 nm, and examples thereof include benzotriazole-based compounds, benzotriazine-based compounds, benzophenone-based compounds, oxybenzophenone-based compounds, benzoate-based compounds, phenol-based compounds, oxazole-based compounds, cyanoacrylate-based compounds, and benzoxazinone-based compounds. These ultraviolet absorbents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0176] As the ultraviolet absorber, benzotriazole-based compounds and benzotriazine-based compounds having a molecular weight of 400 or more are preferred, particularly from the viewpoints of compatibility with the resin and volatility upon heating, and benzotriazine-based compounds are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of suppressing decomposition of the ultraviolet absorber itself due to heating during extrusion processing.

[0177] The content of the ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair heat resistance, moist heat resistance, thermal stability, and moldability and exhibits the effects of the present invention, but is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 4 parts by mass, more preferably 0.25 to 3 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the methacrylic resin. Within this range, an excellent balance of ultraviolet absorption performance, moldability, etc. is achieved.

[0178] --Mold release agent-- The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment may contain a release agent, which may include, but is not limited to, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acid metal salts, hydrocarbon-based lubricants, alcohol-based lubricants, polyalkylene glycols, carboxylic acid esters, and hydrocarbon paraffin-based mineral oils. These release agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0179] The fatty acid ester that can be used as the release agent is not particularly limited, and any of the conventionally known fatty acid esters can be used. Examples of fatty acid esters that can be used include ester compounds of fatty acids having 12 to 32 carbon atoms, such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, arachic acid, and behenic acid, with monohydric aliphatic alcohols, such as palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol, and polyhydric aliphatic alcohols, such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and sorbitan; and complex ester compounds of fatty acids, polybasic organic acids, and monohydric aliphatic alcohols or polyhydric aliphatic alcohols. Examples of such fatty acid esters include cetyl palmitate, butyl stearate, stearyl stearate, stearyl citrate, glycerin monocaprylate, glycerin monocaprate, glycerin monolaurate, glycerin monopalmitate, glycerin dipalmitate, glycerin monostearate, glycerin distearate, glycerin tristearate, glycerin monooleate, glycerin dioleate, glycerin trioleate, and glycerin monolinoleate. , glycerin monobehenate, glycerin mono-12-hydroxystearate, glycerin di-12-hydroxystearate, glycerin tri-12-hydroxystearate, glycerin diacetomonostearate, glycerin citrate fatty acid ester, pentaerythritol adipate stearate, partially saponified montanic acid ester, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, dipentaerythritol hexastearate, sorbitan tristearate, and the like. These fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of commercially available products include the Rikemal series, Poem series, Rikestar series, and Rikemaster series manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd., and the Excel series, Leodor series, Excelpearl series, and Coconard series manufactured by Kao Corporation, and more specific examples include Rikemal S-100, Rikemal H-100, Poem V-100, Rikemal B-100, Rikemal HC-100, Rikemal S-200, Poem B-200, Rikestar EW-200, Rikestar EW-400, Excel S-95, and Leodor MS-50.

[0180] The content of the release agent may be an amount sufficient to obtain the effect as a release agent, and since an excessive content may cause problems such as bleed-out during processing and poor extrusion due to screw slippage, the content is preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 3 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 1 part by mass or less, still more preferably 0.8 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 0.01 to 0.8 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the methacrylic resin. Addition in the above ranges inhibits the decrease in transparency due to the addition of the release agent and also tends to inhibit poor release during injection molding.

[0181] --Other thermoplastic resins-- The resin composition constituting the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment may contain other thermoplastic resins (hereinafter simply referred to as "other thermoplastic resins") other than the above-mentioned methacrylic resins for the purpose of adjusting birefringence or improving flexibility without impairing the object of the present invention. Other thermoplastic resins include, for example, polyacrylates such as polybutyl acrylate; styrene-based polymers such as polystyrene, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene block copolymer; and acrylic rubber particles having a three- to four-layer structure, as described in, for example, JP-A-59-202213, JP-A-63-27516, JP-A-51-129449, and JP-A-52-56150; rubbery polymers disclosed in JP-B-60-17406 and JP-A-8-245854; and methacrylic rubber-containing graft copolymer particles obtained by multistage polymerization, as described in WO 2014-002491. Among these, from the viewpoint of obtaining good optical properties and mechanical properties, rubber-containing graft copolymer particles having a graft portion on their surface layer made of a composition compatible with a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer or a methacrylic resin containing a structural unit (X) having a ring structure are preferred. The average particle size of the acrylic rubber particles, methacrylic rubber-containing graft copolymer particles, and rubbery polymer described above is preferably 0.03 to 1 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 μm, from the viewpoint of improving the impact strength and optical properties of the molded article obtained from the composition of this embodiment.

[0182] The content of the other thermoplastic resin is preferably 0 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 0 to 25 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the methacrylic resin.

[0183] ((Cyclic Olefin Resin Composition)) The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment is also preferably a cyclic olefin-based resin composition. Note that the cyclic polyolefin-based resin composition refers to a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin, such as a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin monomer, or a copolymer or terpolymer that is a copolymer of the cyclic olefin and another monomer copolymerizable with the cyclic olefin.

[0184] As the cyclic olefin monomer, any cyclic hydrocarbon having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a bicyclo ring can be used, but those having a bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene (norbornene) skeleton are particularly preferred. Specific examples of the cyclic olefin include bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene (norbornene) and its derivatives, tricyclo[4.3.0.1 2,5 ]-3-decene and its derivatives, tricyclo[4.4.0.1 2,5 ]-3-undecene and its derivatives, tetracyclo[4.4.0.1 2,5 .1 7,10 ]-3-dodecene (tetracyclododecene) and its derivatives, pentacyclo[6.5.1.1 3,6 .0 2,7 .0 9,13 ]-4-pentadecene and its derivatives, pentacyclo[7.4.0.1 2,5 .1 9,12 .0 8,13 ]-3-pentadecene and its derivatives, pentacyclo[6.5.1.1 3,6 .0 2,7 .0 9,13 ]-4,10-pentadecadiene and its derivatives, pentacyclo[8.4.0.1 2,5 .1 9,12 .0 8,13 ]-3-hexadecene and its derivatives, tetracyclo[9.2.1.0 2,10 .0 3,8 ]tetradeca-3,5,7,12-tetraene (methanotetrahydrofluorene) and its derivatives, etc., but are not limited thereto. The cyclic olefin may have a polar group such as an ester group, a carboxyl group, or a carboxylic anhydride group as a substituent. Among these, the cyclic olefin includes bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1]-heptene. 2,5 .1 7,10 ]-3-dodecene is preferred. In the present invention, "norbornene-based monomer" refers to a monomer having a norbornene skeleton, and includes, for example, norbornene and its derivatives, tetracyclododecene-based monomers, and methanotetrahydrofluorene-based monomers. Here, "tetracyclododecene-based monomer" refers to tetracyclododecene and its derivatives. Furthermore, "methanotetrahydrofluorene-based monomer" refers to methanotetrahydrofluorene and its monomers.

[0185] Examples of other monomers copolymerizable with cyclic olefins include α-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene, and non-conjugated dienes such as 1,4-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, and 1,7-octadiene. Among these, α-olefins are preferred as other monomers copolymerizable with cyclic olefins.

[0186] The resin lens is preferably made of a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin copolymer, and more preferably made of a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin copolymer, which is a copolymer of ethylene or an α-olefin with a cyclic olefin. Examples of the α-olefin include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and 1-dodecene. Examples of the cyclic olefin include the above-mentioned bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene and other cyclic olefins.

[0187] In a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin copolymer, the proportion of ring skeleton structural units in the main chain derived from the cyclic polyolefin in the cyclic olefin copolymer is preferably 36 mol % or more and 50 mol % or less.

[0188] In the resin composition containing the cyclic olefin copolymer, the structural units derived from the cyclic olefin in the cyclic polyolefin copolymer are bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1]-heptene. 2,5 .1 7,10 ]-3-dodecene.

[0189] It is also preferable that the resin lens is made of a resin composition containing a hydrogenated ring-opening polymer of a norbornene-based monomer.

[0190] When the resin lens is made of a resin composition containing a hydrogenated ring-opening polymer of a norbornene-based monomer, it is more preferable that the resin composition contain 20 to 100 mol % of structural units derived from the norbornene-based monomer and, optionally, 0 to 80 mol % of structural units derived from other monomers copolymerizable with the norbornene-based monomer.

[0191] Furthermore, when the resin lens is made of a resin composition containing a ring-opening polymer hydride of a norbornene-based monomer, the structural units derived from the norbornene-based monomer preferably contain 15 to 50 wt % of structural units derived from a tetracyclododecene-based monomer, 50 to 90 wt % of structural units derived from a methanotetrahydrofluorene-based monomer, and 1 to 15 wt % of structural units derived from a norbornene monomer (however, the total of the structural units derived from each monomer is 100 wt % or less).

[0192] (Characteristics of resin composition, etc.) In the resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to this embodiment, the amount of remaining solvent (residual solvent amount) is preferably less than 1000 ppm by mass, more preferably less than 800 ppm by mass, and even more preferably less than 700 ppm by mass. Here, the remaining solvent refers to the polymerization solvent (excluding alcohols) used during polymerization and the solvent used when redissolving and dissolving the resin obtained by polymerization. Specific examples of the polymerization solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and isopropylbenzene; ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl cellosolve, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; and polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and 2-methylpyrrolidone. Examples of the solvent used for redissolution include toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and methylene chloride.

[0193] The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to this embodiment preferably has a residual alcohol content of less than 500 ppm by mass, more preferably less than 400 ppm by mass, and even more preferably less than 350 ppm by mass. Here, the residual alcohol refers to an alcohol by-produced by the cyclization condensation reaction, and specific examples include aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

[0194] The amount of the remaining solvent and the amount of the remaining alcohol can be measured by gas chromatography.

[0195] -Glass transition temperature- The resin composition constituting the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to this embodiment preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 115 to 160° C. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is more preferably 115 to 155° C., even more preferably 115 to 150° C., and most preferably 120 to 150° C. The glass transition temperature can be measured by the midpoint method in accordance with JIS-K7121. Having a glass transition temperature of 115°C or higher for the resin composition ensures heat resistance even in high-temperature environments such as those exposed to heat from electronic devices in head-mounted displays and in some outdoor and in-vehicle environments. Furthermore, the resin composition is preferable because it can maintain good adhesion without dimensional change even during the heat application process when bonding a reflective polarizing element. Furthermore, suppressing deformation is also preferable because it can suppress photoelastic birefringence caused by tension at the bonding interface between the reflective polarizing element and the resin lens. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin composition is more preferably 120°C or higher, even more preferably 125°C or higher, and most preferably 130°C or higher. On the other hand, when the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin composition is 160°C or lower, melt processing at extremely high temperatures can be avoided, thermal decomposition of the resin, etc. can be suppressed, and a good product can be obtained. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is preferably 155°C or lower, more preferably 150°C or lower, and even more preferably 140°C or lower, in order to further obtain the above-mentioned effects. Furthermore, if the glass transition temperature exceeds 160°C, the mold temperature must be kept high in the injection molding process described below in order to reduce birefringence in the resin lens. However, this requires a longer cooling time in order to suppress deformation such as sink marks when the resin lens is removed, lengthening the cycle time. In addition, the temperature difference from room temperature makes it likely that distortion will remain in the resin lens due to rapid cooling, which is undesirable from the perspective of sufficiently reducing birefringence in the resin lens.

[0196] -Bending strength- The resin composition constituting the resin lens undergoes expansion or contraction due to heat or water absorption by the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element, respectively, and bending stress is exerted due to the difference in dimensional changes at this time. This may cause cracks or breakage in the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens. To prevent such defects, high bending strength is preferable. The bending strength of the resin composition is preferably 65 MPa or more. The bending strength is more preferably 75 MPa or more, and even more preferably 85 MPa or more. With a bending strength within this range, the resin lens is less likely to break or break when the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens is subjected to a reliability test. The bending strength is a value measured in accordance with ISO 178, and specifically, can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0197] -Flexural modulus- In the resin composition used in this embodiment, the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element each expand or contract due to heat or water absorption, and bending stress is exerted due to the difference in dimensional changes at this time. As a result, the resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens may not maintain the shape according to the optical design and may become deformed. To prevent such defects, a high bending modulus is preferable. The bending modulus is preferably 2500 MPa or more. The bending modulus is more preferably 3000 MPa or more, and even more preferably 3300 MPa or more. With the bending modulus within this range, the surface shape of the resin lens is less likely to be distorted by bending stress even when the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens is subjected to a reliability test. The flexural modulus is a value measured in accordance with ISO 178, and specifically, can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0198] [Manufacturing method for resin lenses for reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses] The resin lens of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment is obtained by molding the above-mentioned resin composition. As a method for manufacturing the resin lens of this embodiment, molding methods such as injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion molding can be used. Of these, injection molding is preferred from the viewpoint of productivity.

[0199] Typically, injection molding consists of (1) an injection process in which resin is melted and filled into the cavity of a temperature-controlled mold; (2) a pressure-holding process in which pressure is applied to the cavity until the gate is sealed, and an amount of resin equivalent to the amount of molten resin filled in the injection process that contracts when it comes into contact with the mold and cools; (3) a cooling process in which the molded product is held until the resin cools after the pressure-holding process is released; and (4) a process in which the mold is opened and the cooled molded product is removed.

[0200] In the method for producing a resin lens, the temperature setting from the nozzle tip to the center of the cylinder of the injection molding machine is preferably in the range of Tg+100°C to Tg+180°C, preferably Tg+110°C to Tg+160°C, and more preferably Tg+120°C to Tg+150°C, based on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the methacrylic resin composition used. Here, the molding temperature refers to the controlled temperature of the band heater wrapped around the injection nozzle. Setting the temperature within this range ensures sufficient flow of the molten resin, enabling molding while suppressing deterioration due to thermal decomposition of the resin. The higher the molding temperature, the greater the resin's fluidity and the less likely orientation birefringence will occur. However, at high temperatures, thermal decomposition of the resin can adversely affect color tone, transmittance, and haze. Furthermore, gas is generated during injection molding, which fills the mold. This gas is forced into the uneven areas during resin filling and cannot be expelled, hindering resin filling and reducing mold transfer efficiency. The molding temperature should be selected appropriately while observing the condition of the resin lens.

[0201] The mold temperature is preferably in the range of Tg-70°C to Tg, and more preferably in the range of Tg-50°C to Tg-20°C, based on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin composition. By raising the mold temperature to a temperature close to Tg, it is possible to reduce the birefringence of the resin lens, but on the other hand, it also makes the lens more likely to stick to the mold, which can lead to concerns about a deterioration in lens surface precision and process delays due to chipping of the resin or cracking of the gate area caused by sticking, so the temperature should be selected appropriately.

[0202] The injection speed can be appropriately selected depending on the thickness and dimensions of the resin lens to be obtained, for example, from a range of 2 to 1000 mm / sec. The pressure for holding pressure can be appropriately selected depending on the shape of the resin lens to be obtained, for example, from a range of 30 to 120 MPa. Here, the pressure for holding pressure is the pressure maintained by a screw for further feeding the molten resin from the gate after the molten resin has been filled.

[0203] Furthermore, an annealing step may be performed to relieve residual stress caused by injection molding and reduce the phase difference of the resin lens. The annealing temperature is preferably in the range of Tg-50°C to Tg, and more preferably in the range of Tg-30°C to Tg-10°C, where Tg is the glass transition temperature of the resin composition.

[0204] - Adding a retardation layer to a resin lens - A retardation layer may be applied to the surface of the resin lens. For example, a retardation layer for any wavelength can be applied by coating with a liquid crystal polymer. Suitable coatings for forming a retardation layer include linear photopolymerizable polymer (LPP) materials and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) materials, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002 / 0180916, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003 / 028048, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0072959.

[0205] (Method of producing resin composition) The method for producing the resin composition constituting the resin lens is not particularly limited, as long as it can produce a composition that satisfies the requirements of the present invention. Examples include kneading methods using kneaders such as extruders, heated rolls, kneaders, roller mixers, and Banbury mixers. Among these, kneading using an extruder is preferred from the standpoint of productivity. The kneading temperature may be determined according to the preferred processing temperatures of the polymer constituting the methacrylic resin and the other resins to be mixed, and is generally in the range of 140 to 300°C, preferably 180 to 280°C. It is also preferable to provide a vent port in the extruder to reduce volatile content.

[0206] Whichever method is selected, it is preferable to prepare the composition after reducing oxygen and water as much as possible. For example, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the polymerization solution in solution polymerization is preferably less than 300 ppm in the polymerization step, and in a preparation method using an extruder or the like, the oxygen concentration in the extruder is preferably less than 1% by volume, more preferably less than 0.8% by volume. The water content of the methacrylic resin is preferably adjusted to 1000 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 500 ppm by mass or less. Within these ranges, it is advantageous since it is relatively easy to prepare a composition that satisfies the requirements of the present invention.

[0207] <Method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens> The method for manufacturing the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of the present embodiment includes the steps of: A method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens by bonding a reflective polarizing element to a resin lens, comprising: The resin lens is a resin lens made of a resin composition having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 115°C to 160°C, the resin lens has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; forming a silane coupling agent layer on at least one of the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; A step of providing an adhesive layer to at least one of the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; and a step of bonding a reflective polarizing element to the resin lens. According to the above-mentioned manufacturing method for a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens, it is possible to manufacture a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens in which at least one of peeling and cracking of the reflective polarizing element is suppressed even after reliability testing in a harsh high-temperature and humid environment.

[0208] In the above manufacturing method, the step of bonding the reflective polarizing element to the resin lens is carried out at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature Tg フィルム Based on Tg フィルム -40℃~Tg フィルム It is preferably carried out at +120°C. By setting the temperature in this range for the step of laminating a reflective polarizing element to a resin lens, good adhesion between the reflective polarizing element and the resin lens can be maintained, and defects such as the formation of wrinkles in the reflective polarizing element or the inclusion of air bubbles at the lamination surface with the resin lens are less likely to occur. Furthermore, lamination within the above temperature range improves adhesion between the resin lens and / or silane coupling agent layer and the adhesive layer. The glass transition temperature Tg of the base film フィルム can be measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity device.

[0209] In addition, the descriptions regarding the resin lens, the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens, the silane coupling agent layer, and the adhesive layer in the manufacturing method of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens can be cited from the descriptions regarding these in relation to the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens.

[0210] In the step of forming a silane coupling agent layer on at least one of the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element, the silane coupling agent layer may be formed on both the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element.

[0211] In the manufacturing method of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to this embodiment, for example, methods for bonding a reflective polarizing element and a resin lens include bonding using a vacuum bonding device and a method of injection molding a lens onto the film using a film insert molding process. Among these, the bonding method using a vacuum bonding device is preferred because it prevents wrinkles from forming on the reflective polarizing element, allows bonding in a good appearance, and allows the use of lenses with excellent surface precision. In the case of a film insert molding process, it is necessary to balance the molding conditions favorable for bonding with the methods favorable for reducing surface precision and birefringence, and because the range of molding conditions is narrow, it is difficult to achieve good surface precision and birefringence characteristics of the lens.

[0212] To facilitate bonding of the reflective polarizing element to the resin lens, the reflective polarizing element may be processed into a predetermined shape by thermal molding before the bonding step, and then used in the bonding step. Specifically, a reflective polarizing element having a desired shape can be obtained by heating the reflective polarizing element to soften it and then placing it on a mold having a desired shape. At this time, the reflective polarizing element may be molded by sandwiching it between male and female molds to ensure accuracy of the shape. The unprocessed reflective polarizing element or the reflective polarizing element after being processed into the desired shape can then be laminated with a resin lens by lamination using a vacuum laminating device or a film insert molding process.

[0213] In the manufacturing method of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment, the resin lens used is preferably manufactured by injection molding.

[0214] The processing temperature of the vacuum lamination device is determined based on the glass transition temperature (Tg フィルム The processing temperature of the vacuum laminating device is preferably set according to, for example, Tg フィルム -40℃~Tg フィルム The processing temperature of the vacuum lamination device can be set in the range of Tg フィルム -20℃~Tg フィルム+100°C, more preferably Tg フィルム -10℃~Tg フィルム +95°C, even more preferably Tg フィルム ~Tg フィルム It is recommended to set the processing temperature of the vacuum lamination device within this range. By setting the processing temperature within this range, good adhesion between the reflective polarizing element and the resin lens can be maintained, and defects such as the formation of wrinkles in the reflective polarizing element and the formation of air bubbles at the lamination surface with the resin lens are less likely to occur. Furthermore, lamination within the above temperature range improves adhesion between the resin lens and / or silane coupling agent layer and the adhesive layer.

[0215] When laminating the reflective polarizing element using a vacuum laminating device, it is preferable that the surface of the reflective polarizing element to be bonded to the resin lens is subjected to an adhesive treatment. The adhesive is preferably highly adaptable to deformations such as shrinkage / expansion caused by heat or water absorption of the resin lens, and is preferably a relatively soft adhesive.

[0216] The substrate that constitutes the reflective polarizing element is preferably one that has a water absorption rate that is in line with the water absorption of the resin composition that constitutes the resin lens to be bonded so that it can follow the deformation of the resin lens due to water absorption, and a water absorption rate of the reflective polarizing element.When bonding the reflective polarizing element using a vacuum bonding device, it is preferable to reduce the absolute value of the difference between the saturated water absorption rate of the reflective polarizing element and the saturated water absorption rate of the resin lens. The specific range of the difference is as described in the section "Difference in saturated water absorption between a resin lens and a reflective polarizing element."

[0217] Before bonding the reflective polarizing element to the resin lens, a retardation film may be bonded or coated to provide a predetermined retardation (for example, a quarter retardation at a specific wavelength). Regarding providing a retardation by coating, the details described in "-Providing a retardation layer to a resin lens-" can be used. However, from the viewpoint of ensuring good adhesion between the reflective polarizing element and the resin lens, as well as maintaining the specularity (flatness) and surface precision of the reflective surface, it is preferable to directly bond the reflective polarizing element and the resin lens.

[0218] <Polarization conversion element> The polarization conversion element of this embodiment is characterized by including the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment described above. Since the polarization conversion element of this embodiment is equipped with the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment, deterioration of optical performance in a high-temperature and humid environment is suppressed, and clear images can be obtained when used as a component of an image display device.

[0219] The polarization conversion element of this embodiment can be produced by a conventionally known method, for example, the method described in JP-A-2012-118430.

[0220] <Head-mounted display> The head mounted display of this embodiment is characterized by including the reflective polarizing element-attached lens of this embodiment. The head-mounted display of this embodiment is equipped with a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens of this embodiment, and therefore the deterioration of optical performance in a high-temperature, humid environment is suppressed. Furthermore, even after environmental testing in a harsh high-temperature, humid environment (85°C, 85% RH environment, 500 hours), the reflective polarizing element does not peel off, resulting in excellent performance and durability.

[0221] The head-mounted display of this embodiment can be manufactured by a known method, for example, by the method described in JP-A-2023-184603. [Example]

[0222] The present invention will be explained below by way of specific examples and comparative examples, but is not limited to these.

[0223] (Evaluation of resin composition properties) The methods for measuring the properties of the resin composition will be described below.

[0224] <Measurement of bending strength and bending modulus> Pellets of the resin composition prepared in the following production examples were dried at 80 to 100°C for 24 hours and injection-molded using an injection molding machine (Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd., EX-100SX) according to JIS-K6717 to prepare 4.0 mm thick ISO 3167 A-type dumbbell test specimens. The center of each test specimen was cut out to prepare a molded specimen measuring 80 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 4.0 mm in thickness. Tensile tests were performed according to ISO 178 using a low-load universal testing machine (Instron) at a measurement temperature of 23°C, a test speed of 2 mm / min, and a span of 64 mm. Six measurements were performed, and the flexural strength (MPa) and flexural modulus (MPa) were calculated as the average values.

[0225] (Measurement and characteristic evaluation of resin lenses and reflective polarizing element bonded lenses) The following describes methods for measuring the properties of a resin lens made of a resin composition and a lens with a reflective polarizing element attached thereto.

[0226] <Structural unit analysis> Of the reflective polarizing element-attached lenses manufactured in the examples and comparative examples described below, the respective structural units of the resin lens portions cut into pieces are 1 H-NMR measurement and 13 By C-NMR measurement, each structural unit in the resin and resin composition was identified, and the amount of each structural unit was calculated. 1 H-NMR measurement and 13 The measurement conditions for C-NMR measurement are as follows: Measuring equipment: JEOL Ltd. JNM-ECZ400S Measurement solvent: CDCl3, DMSO-d6, or o-C6D4Cl2 ·Measurement temperature: 40℃ When the ring structure contained in the main chain of the methacrylic resin is a lactone ring structure, it was confirmed by the methods described in JP-A-2001-151814 and JP-A-2007-297620. The ratio of the integral values ​​of CH and CH2 was used to determine the ratio of a predetermined amount of olefin and cyclotetracyclo[4.4.0.1].2,5 .1 7,10 It was confirmed that ]-3-dodecene was copolymerized.

[0227] <Measurement of the glass transition temperature of the resin composition constituting the resin lens> The glass transition temperature (Tg) (°C) of the resin composition constituting the resin lens was measured in accordance with JIS-K7121. First, the reflective polarizing element-attached lenses manufactured in the manufacturing examples and manufacturing comparative examples described below were conditioned (left at 23°C for one week) under standard conditions (23°C, 50% RH). Four test pieces, each weighing approximately 10 mg, were cut out from the resin lens portion. Next, a differential scanning calorimeter (Diamond, manufactured by PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd.) was used. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used under conditions of a nitrogen gas flow rate of 25 mL / min. The sample was heated from room temperature (23°C) to 200°C at a rate of 10°C / min (first heating), held at 200°C for 5 minutes to completely melt the sample, then cooled from 200°C to 40°C at a rate of 10°C / min, held at 40°C for 5 minutes, and heated again under the same heating conditions (second heating). The DSC curves obtained during this heating period were taken as the intersection of the step-change curve during the second heating and a straight line equidistant in the vertical direction from each extended baseline line. The glass transition temperature of the methacrylic resin composition was measured in accordance with JIS-K7121. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC80 manufactured by PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd.) was used. The DSC curves were obtained using a DSC tube (DSC tube) under conditions of a nitrogen gas flow rate of 25 mL / min. The sample was heated from room temperature (23°C) to 200°C at a rate of 10°C / min (first heating), held at 200°C for 5 minutes to completely melt the sample, then cooled from 200°C to 40°C at a rate of 10°C / min, held at 40°C for 5 minutes, and heated again under the same heating conditions (second heating). The glass transition temperature (Tg) (°C) was measured at the intersection of the step-change curve during the second heating and a straight line equidistant from each extended baseline (midpoint glass transition temperature). Four measurements were performed per sample, and the arithmetic mean (rounded to the nearest whole number) of the four measurements was taken.

[0228] <Glass transition temperature (Tg フィルム ) Measurement The glass transition temperature (Tg フィルム ) was measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity device (EPLEXORII 500N; manufactured by Netsch) under the conditions of ISO 6721-1. フィルム When measuring, about 10 mg was cut out from the base film and used as a sample for measurement. The Tg of the substrate film constituting the reflective polarizing element フィルム If multiple Tg are found, the lower one フィルム is the standard.

[0229] <Measurement of absolute value of photoelastic coefficient> Of the reflective polarizing element-attached lenses manufactured in the examples and comparative examples described below, the resin lens portion was shredded and pressed into a film using a vacuum compression molding machine to prepare a measurement sample. Specific sample preparation conditions were as follows: a vacuum compression molding machine (Shinto Metal Industries, SFV-30) was used to preheat the resin lens at 260°C under reduced pressure (approximately 10 kPa) for 10 minutes, and then the resin lens was cut out and compressed at 260°C and approximately 10 MPa for 5 minutes. After the vacuum and pressure were released, the film was transferred to a cooling compression molding machine and cooled to solidify. The resulting pressed film was aged for at least 24 hours in a constant temperature and humidity chamber adjusted to 23°C and 60% humidity, and then a test specimen (approximately 150 μm thick and 6 mm wide) was cut out for measurement. The photoelastic coefficient CR (Pa) was measured using a birefringence measurement device described in detail in Polymer Engineering and Science 1999, 39, 2349-2357. -1 ) was measured. The film-like test piece was placed in a film tensioning device (manufactured by Imoto Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) similarly installed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber so that the distance between the chucks was 50 mm. Next, a birefringence measurement device (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics, RETS-100) was positioned so that the laser light path of the device was located at the center of the film, and the birefringence of the test piece was measured while applying a tensile stress at a strain rate of 50% / min (distance between chucks: 50 mm, chuck movement speed: 5 mm / min). From the relationship between the measured birefringence (Δn) and the tensile stress (σR), the slope of the line was calculated by least squares approximation, and the photoelastic coefficient (CR) (Pa -1 ) was calculated using data for the tensile stress range of 2.5 MPa ≤ σR ≤ 10 MPa. CR=Δn / σR Here, the birefringence (Δn) has the following value. Δn=nx-ny (nx: refractive index in the stretching direction, ny: refractive index in the in-plane direction perpendicular to the stretching direction)

[0230] <Phase difference within the effective diameter of a resin lens> For the resin lenses obtained in the examples and comparative examples, the surface distribution of the phase difference of the lens was measured from the optical axis direction at a wavelength of 520 nm using a birefringence evaluation system PA-300-L manufactured by Photonic Lattice, and an area was designated within the effective diameter (Φ41 mm) of the lens to determine the average value (nm) of the absolute value of the phase difference.

[0231] <Transmittance within the effective diameter of the resin lens (total light transmittance)> The resin lenses obtained in the examples and comparative examples were measured for transmittance (%) in 10 nm increments in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm using a spectral colorimeter / haze meter (COH7700, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) with a D65 light source and a 2° field of view, with the light source passing through the optical axis of the lens, to obtain a measured value of total light transmittance (%). The average value of three resin lenses molded under the same conditions was taken as the total light transmittance (%).

[0232] <Evaluation of contrast and observed image with pancake lens> For each lens fabricated, a lens was prepared by bonding a wire grid polarizer or a laminated reflective polarizer to the convex surface, with reference to the contents of JP 2024-4491 A, and the contrast in the pancake lens configuration was evaluated using this lens. A simulation device was created in a darkroom, assuming the principle of the head-mounted display with a pancake lens configuration shown in Figure 4, and used. The optical data used as the basis for creating the device are shown in Tables 1 to 4. The configuration in Figure 4 refers to Table 1, and when referring to Tables 2 to 4, the distance between each element is adjusted. The type column in the table indicates the surface shape, and d is the refractive index of the d line, ν d indicates the Abbe number based on the d-line, and thickness indicates the distance between each surface. In the type column, SPH indicates that the surface shape is spherical, and ASP indicates that the surface shape is aspherical. The radius of curvature R, conic constant k, and even-order aspherical coefficients D, E, F, and G that represent the surface shape are expressed using the aspherical calculation formula in Equation I. An infinity radius of curvature means a flat surface. The surface number is calculated by tracing the backward ray from the virtual image position to the image display element surface, with the exit pupil position being surface 1. In the simulation device, a smartphone 40 (AQUOS sense6, SH-M19 manufactured by Sharp Corporation) was placed and an image was output. The image displayed was a grid pattern with square black areas surrounded by white lines, as shown in Figure 5. The area consisting of nine black areas and the surrounding white lines was displayed so that the diameter of the circumscribing circle matched the effective diameter of the image display area, or the diameter of the circumscribing circle was 90% or more of the effective diameter of the image display area. The image light then passes through a circular polarization element 43 (a combination of an absorption-type linear polarization element and a quarter-wave plate, manufactured by Kenko Tokina Co., Ltd., 49S ZX C-PL) with the linear polarization element facing the smartphone 40, where it is converted into circularly polarized light (e.g., counterclockwise circular polarization when viewed from the direction of travel). The image light then passes through a half-mirror element 44 (the entrance surface is anti-reflection coated, and the exit surface is a dielectric multilayer half mirror, with a transmittance:reflectance = 50%:50%). The image light then passes through a quarter-wave plate 45 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., a 40 mm diameter WA140T sandwiched between two 0.7 mm thick glass plates with AR coating on one side, with the AR coating facing outward), where it is converted into linearly polarized light (first linearly polarized light). Whether the combination of the circular polarization element 43 and quarter-wave plate 45 produces linearly polarized light can be confirmed separately by using a linear polarization element to block the light. Further, a light shielding portion 49 is provided outside the quarter-wave plate 45 to shield unnecessary light such as stray light due to reflection. Next, the reflective polarizing element bonded lens 46 is positioned so that image light is incident from the resin lens 41 side, and is adhered and fixed to the lens barrel. At this time, by setting the axis of the incident linearly polarized light to coincide with the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing element 42, the light passes through the resin lens 41, is reflected by the reflective polarizing element 42, and the optical path is folded back. The light again passes through the resin lens 41 and the quarter-wave plate 45, is converted into circularly polarized light (for example, left-handed circularly polarized light when viewed from the direction of travel), is reflected by the half mirror element 44, and is converted into circularly polarized light (for example, right-handed circularly polarized light when viewed from the direction of travel), and when it passes through the quarter-wave plate 45, is converted into second linearly polarized light whose axis is rotated 90 degrees from the first linearly polarized light, passes through the resin lens 41, and then passes through the reflective polarizing element 42 because the polarization coincides with the transmission axis. Furthermore, the surface of the circular polarization element 47 (an absorption type linear polarization element (not shown) and a quarter-wave plate (not shown) bonded together) to which the linear polarization element is bonded is positioned facing the reflective polarization element bonded lens 46 so as to transmit the second linearly polarized light. The camera used to capture the images was a Canon EOS RP digital single-lens camera (with a standard zoom lens RF24-105mm F4-F7.1 IS STM). If the image was out of focus, the position of the smartphone was adjusted within a range of 1 to 3 mm. The shooting conditions were ISO 8000, focal length 31 mm, exposure time 1 / 250 second, and aperture value f / 5.6. For images with a black square in the center, the contrast was calculated by inputting the brightness of the black square and the brightness of the adjacent white lines into the following formula II. The contrast values ​​between the nine black squares and the adjacent white lines were averaged to determine the image contrast for the evaluation of the present invention. The brightness value of the image was also calculated using ImageJ. Equation II: Image Contrast = (Average Brightness of the White Lines Adjacent to the Black Squares - Average Brightness of the Black Squares) / (Average Brightness of the White Lines Adjacent to the Black Squares + Average Brightness of the Black Squares) The captured images were also evaluated for the presence or absence of double images due to ghosting and flare according to the following criteria. No double images or flare: A -Slight double image and flare effects: B Double images are visible, and the image appears whitish due to flare: C -Double images are clearly visible and the image is whitish due to flare :D

[0233] [Table 1]

[0234] [Table 2]

[0235] [Table 3]

[0236] [Table 4]

[0237] <Evaluation of appearance (presence of peeling and cracks) after reliability test> Durability in a constant temperature and high humidity environment was evaluated using five reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses obtained in each of the examples and comparative examples. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses were placed in a thermo-hygrostat (PL-4KP, manufactured by ESPEC) maintained at 85°C and 85% RH. After 500 hours in the 85°C and 85% RH environment, the reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses were removed, and the appearance of each of the five reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses was evaluated based on two criteria: the presence or absence of peeling and the presence or absence of cracks in the lenses. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 to 8. In the tables, the number of lenses that had peeling and the number of lenses that had cracks are recorded out of each of the five lenses.

[0238] <Appearance evaluation after thermal cycle test> Ten reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses obtained in each of the examples and comparative examples were subjected to a thermal cycling test in a thermo-hygrostat (Espec Corporation's low-temperature thermo-hygrostat PL-2J), with 20 cycles of one cycle at -30°C for one hour and one at 85°C for one hour. The appearance of the reflective polarizing element-bonded lenses was evaluated according to the following criteria, and the number of defective lenses was counted. The measurement results are shown in Tables 5 to 8. The number of defective lenses measured was evaluated according to the following criteria, and the number of defective lenses was recorded. Good product: Good appearance with no wrinkles, bubbles, peeling, etc. Defective: Cracks in the lens or wrinkles, bubbles, or peeling in the reflective return element are found.

[0239] [Raw materials] The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples described below are shown below.

[0240] [[Monomers that make up methacrylic resins]] Methyl methacrylate (MMA): manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation N-phenylmaleimide (PMI): Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. N-Cyclohexylmaleimide (CMI): Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Styrene: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Methyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate (MHMA): Combi-Blocks

[0241] [[Organic solvents]] Meta-xylene (mXy): Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Ltd. Methyl isobutyrate: manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Toluene: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.

[0242] [[Polymerization initiator]] 1,1-Di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane: NOF Corporation t-Amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate: "Luperox 575" manufactured by Arkema Yoshitomi Co., Ltd. t-Amyl peroxyisononanoate: Arkema Yoshitomi Co., Ltd.

[0243] [[Chain transfer agent]] n-Octyl mercaptan: Chevron Phillips Chemical Company n-Dodecyl mercaptan: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.

[0244] Of the raw materials, N-phenylmaleimide and N-cyclohexylmaleimide were stored in a warehouse adjusted to a temperature range of 20 to 30°C from the time of delivery, and the raw materials were used within three months of the delivery date. Before use, the raw materials were dissolved in meta-xylene, and after liquid-liquid extraction using pure water, the acid components were quantified using the aqueous layer. A large amount of maleic acid was confirmed in N-phenylmaleimide, with a total of 950 ppm of acid components. On the other hand, a total of 110 ppm of acid components was confirmed in N-cyclohexylmaleimide. When the amount of maleic acid exceeded 1000 ppm, the maleimide was washed with water, dehydrated, and purified using the method described in JP 2021-92767 A, and then used to produce a methacrylic resin.

[0245] (Preparation of Resin Composition) -Synthesis Example 1 [Methacrylic Resin Composition A]- 318.7 kg of methyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as MMA), 35.5 g of N-phenylmaleimide (hereinafter referred to as PMI), 63.7 kg of N-cyclohexylmaleimide (hereinafter referred to as CMI), 0.341 kg of n-octyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, and 225.1 kg of meta-xylene (hereinafter referred to as mXy) ​​were weighed and placed in a 1.25 m 3 The mixture was added to the reactor and stirred to obtain a mixed monomer solution. Next, 116.9 kg of mXy was weighed and added to Tank 1 to prepare the additional solvent. Furthermore, 104.5 kg of MMA and 85.5 kg of mXy were weighed into Tank 2 and stirred to obtain an MMA solution for further addition. The liquid in the reactor was bubbled with nitrogen at a rate of 30 L / min for 1 hour, and the liquid in Tank 1 and Tank 2 was bubbled with nitrogen at a rate of 10 L / min for 30 minutes each to remove dissolved oxygen. Steam was then blown into the jacket to raise the solution temperature in the reactor to 125°C. While stirring at 50 rpm, a polymerization initiator solution (0.457 kg of 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane in 2.67 kg of mXy) ​​was added at a rate of 1 kg / h to initiate polymerization. During polymerization, the solution temperature in the reactor was controlled at 125±2°C using the temperature control in the jacket. Thirty minutes after the start of polymerization, the rate of addition of the polymerization initiator solution was reduced to 0.25 kg / h, and mXy was added from Tank 1 at a rate of 29.24 kg / h for 3.5 hours. Then, 4 hours after the initiation of polymerization, the rate of addition of the polymerization initiator solution was increased to 0.75 kg / hour, and additional MMA solution was added from Tank 2 at a rate of 95 kg / hour for 2 hours. Further, 6 hours after the start of polymerization, the addition rate of the polymerization initiator solution was reduced to 0.25 kg / hour, and 7 hours after the start of polymerization, the addition was stopped. Eight hours after the start of polymerization, a polymerization solution containing a methacrylic resin was obtained, to which 0.261 kg of Irganox 1010 and 0.784 kg of Irgafos 168 were added as antioxidants, and 0.784 kg of Rikemal H-100 as a mold release agent. Next, the obtained polymerization solution was fed to a concentrator consisting of a tubular heat exchanger and a vaporizer preheated to 250°C for devolatilization. The degree of vacuum in the vaporizer was set to 10 to 15 Torr. The resin flowing down the vaporizer was discharged with a screw pump, extruded through a strand die, cooled with water, and pelletized to obtain a methacrylic resin composition A having N-substituted maleimide structural units. The obtained methacrylic resin composition A had a Tg of 133° C., a flexural strength of 66 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3400 MPa. Other properties are summarized in Tables 5 to 8.

[0246] -Synthesis Example 2 [Methacrylic Resin Composition B]- A monomer composition consisting of 75.000 mol% MMA, 24.998 mol% styrene, and 0.002 mol% t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate as a polymerization initiator was continuously fed into a 10-L inert mixing vessel equipped with a helical ribbon impeller at a rate of 1 kg / h. Continuous polymerization was carried out at an average residence time of 2.5 hours and a polymerization temperature of 150°C. The liquid was continuously withdrawn from the bottom to maintain a constant liquid level in the vessel, and then fed into a concentrator consisting of a tubular heat exchanger and a vaporizer for devolatilization. The vacuum in the vaporizer was maintained at 10-15 Torr. The resin flowing down the vaporizer was discharged using a screw pump, extruded through a strand die, water-cooled, pelletized, and introduced into a solvent removal apparatus to obtain pelletized methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer. This copolymer was dissolved in methyl isobutyrate to prepare a 10% by weight methyl isobutyrate solution. A 1000 mL autoclave was charged with 500 parts by weight of this 10% by weight methyl isobutyrate solution of the copolymer and 1 part by weight of 10% by weight Pd / C (manufactured by NE Chemcat Corporation) as a hydrogenation catalyst. The mixture was maintained at 200°C under a hydrogen pressure of 9 MPa for 15 hours to hydrogenate the aromatic double bonds of the styrene moieties of the copolymer. The hydrogenation catalyst was removed using a filter, and 0.04 parts by weight of Rikemal H-100 was added to the polymer solution and mixed. The mixture was then fed to a concentrator consisting of a tubular heat exchanger and a vaporizer for devolatilization. The vacuum in the vaporizer was set to 10-15 Torr. The resin flowing down the vaporizer was discharged using a gear pump, extruded through a strand die, cooled with water, and pelletized to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin composition B. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 118° C., a flexural strength of 95 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3170 MPa. Other properties are summarized in Tables 5 to 8.

[0247] -Synthesis Example 3 [Methacrylic Resin Composition C]- A 30 L reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer equipped with paddle blades, a temperature sensor, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen inlet tube was charged with 2.25 kg of methyl methacrylate, 0.32 kg of methyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate, 0.024 kg of styrene, 0.025 parts by mass of n-dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of all monomers to be finally charged into the reaction vessel, 0.025 parts by mass of ADK STAB 2112, and 5.39 kg of toluene, and the mixture was heated to 105°C with stirring while nitrogen was passed through. As an initial initiator, a solution consisting of 0.20 kg of toluene and 0.014 kg of t-amyl peroxyisononanoate was added dropwise to the polymerization vessel over 10 minutes, while polymerization was carried out at 105 to 110 ° C. 10 minutes later, a solution consisting of 0.26 kg of toluene and 0.017 kg of t-amyl peroxyisononanoate was added dropwise over 3 hours, and simultaneously with the addition of this initiator solution, a solution consisting of 2.75 kg of methyl methacrylate, 0.40 kg of methyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate, and 0.24 kg of styrene was added dropwise over 3 hours, while polymerization was carried out at a polymerization temperature of 105 to 110 ° C., and then aged for another 2 hours. 4.5 g of a mixture of stearyl phosphate / distearyl phosphate and 72 g of toluene was added to the resulting polymer solution, and a cyclocondensation reaction was carried out at 90 to 110 ° C. for 1.5 hours. Thereafter, 0.10 parts by mass of Rikemal H-100 was added to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of all the monomers finally charged into the reaction vessel, and the mixture was mixed by stirring. The resulting polymerization liquid was subjected to a cyclocondensation reaction and devolatilization treatment using a φ42 mm devolatilization extruder equipped with four front vents and one back vent, at a barrel temperature of 220°C, 120 rpm, and a resin amount of 5 kg / hour, to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin composition C. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 127°C, a flexural strength of 98 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3600 MPa.

[0248] -Synthesis Example 4 [Methacrylic Resin Composition D]- MS resin (a copolymer of MMA and α-methylstyrene) was polymerized according to the method for producing copolymer (A) described in the "Examples" section of JP 2003-231785 A. The mass ratio of MMA and styrene charged into the autoclave was varied. When the total monomer weight during polymerization was 100 parts by mass, 0.15 parts by mass of Rikemal H-100 was added and polymerization was carried out to obtain a precursor resin (MMA:α-methylstyrene = 88% by mass: 12% by mass). A co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 40 mm was used. The extruder cylinder temperature was set to 275°C and the screw rotation speed to 150 rpm. The MS resin obtained by the polymerization was fed from the hopper at a rate of 20 kg / h, and nitrogen was flowed into the extruder at a flow rate of 200 mL / min. The resin was melted and filled using a kneading block, and then 2.2 parts by mass of monomethylamine per 100 parts by mass of the raw resin was injected from the nozzle to carry out the imidization reaction. A reverse flight was placed at the end of the reaction zone (before the vent port) and filled with resin. By-products and excess monomethylamine were removed after the reaction by reducing the pressure at the vent port to 30 Torr. The resin that emerged as strands from the die at the extruder outlet was cooled in a water bath and then pelletized in a pelletizer to obtain an imide resin. Next, a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 40 mm was used. The extruder cylinder temperature was set to 255°C and the screw rotation speed to 150 rpm. The resulting imide resin was fed at 20 kg / hr. The resin was melted and filled using a kneading block. After that, a mixture of dimethyl carbonate and triethylamine was injected through the nozzle as an esterifying agent to reduce the carboxylic acid groups in the resin. Dimethyl carbonate was used at 2.6 parts by mass and triethylamine at 0.2 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of imide resin. The pressure at the vent port was reduced to 30 Torr to remove by-products and excess dimethyl carbonate. The resin exited the die at the extruder outlet as strands, which were cooled in a water bath and then pelletized in a pelletizer to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin composition D having a glutarimide structure. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 134°C, a flexural strength of 117 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3500 MPa.

[0249] -Synthesis Example 5 [Methacrylic Resin Composition E]- 270.1 kg of MMA, 83.8 kg of PMI, 167.5 kg of CMI, 0.11 kg of n-octyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, and 247.0 kg of mXy were weighed and placed in a 1.25 m 3 The mixture was added to the reactor and stirred to obtain a mixed monomer solution. Next, 123.0 kg of mXy was weighed and added to Tank 1. Furthermore, 110.0 kg of MMA and 80.0 kg of mXy were weighed and stirred in Tank 2 to prepare a monomer solution for additional addition. Nitrogen was bubbled through the content of the reactor at a rate of 30 L / min for 1 hour, and nitrogen was bubbled through each of Tank 1 and Tank 2 at a rate of 10 L / min for 30 minutes to remove dissolved oxygen. Thereafter, steam was blown into the jacket to raise the solution temperature in the reactor to 124°C, and while stirring at 50 rpm, a polymerization initiator solution prepared by dissolving 0.35 kg of 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane in 4.652 kg of mXy was added at a rate of 1 kg / hour to initiate polymerization, and mXy was added from Tank 1 at a rate of 30.75 kg / hour for 4 hours. During polymerization, the solution temperature in the reactor was controlled at 124±2°C by temperature regulation using the jacket. Then, between 4 hours and 6 hours later, a monomer solution containing MMA was added from Tank 2 at a rate of 95 kg / hour. Furthermore, the addition rate of the polymerization initiator solution was reduced to 0.25 kg / hour 0.5 hour after the start of polymerization, to 0.75 kg / hour after 4 hours, and to 0.5 kg / hour after 6 hours. Seven hours after the start of polymerization, the addition of the polymerization initiator solution was stopped, and polymerization was continued for another 3 hours, thereby obtaining a polymerization solution containing a methacrylic resin having a ring structural unit in its main chain. To this polymerization solution, 0.83 kg of Adekastab PEP-36, 0.28 kg of Irgafos168, 0.44 kg of Irganox1076, and 1.10 kg of Rikemal H-100 were added under stirring. The resulting polymerization solution was then fed to a concentrator consisting of a tubular heat exchanger preheated to 260°C and a vaporizer for devolatilization. The vaporizer was maintained at a vacuum of 10-15 Torr. The resin flowing down the vaporizer was discharged using a screw pump, extruded through a strand die, cooled with water, and pelletized to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin E having N-substituted maleimide structural units. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 154°C, a flexural strength of 59 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3500 MPa.

[0250] -Synthesis Example 6 [Methacrylic Resin Composition F]- A 1.25m stirrer equipped with a paddle blade, a temperature sensor, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen inlet tube was installed. 3 A raw material solution was prepared by dissolving 432.3 kg of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 25.4 kg of N-cyclohexylmaleimide (CMI), 450.0 kg of meta-xylene, and 0.28 kg of n-octyl mercaptan in a reaction vessel. The mixture was heated to 125°C with stirring and nitrogen gas was passed through. Separately, an initiator feed solution was prepared by mixing 0.23 kg of Perhexa C-75 and 1.82 kg of meta-xylene. When the raw material solution reached 127°C, the feed (addition) of the initiator feed solution (polymerization initiator mixed solution) was started according to the profiles (1) to (6). (1) 0.0 to 0.5 hours: Feed rate 1.00 kg / hour (2) 0.5 to 1.0 hours: Feed rate 0.50 kg / hour (3) 1.0 to 2.0 hours: Feed rate 0.42 kg / hour (4) 2.0 to 3.0 hours: Feed rate 0.35 kg / hour (5) 3.0 to 4.0 hours: Feed rate 0.14 kg / hour (6) 4.0 to 7.0 hours: Feed rate 0.13 kg / hour After the initiator was fed over a total of 7 hours (B time=7 hours), the reaction was continued for another hour, and the polymerization reaction was carried out for 8 hours from the start of the addition of the initiator. During the polymerization reaction, the internal temperature was controlled at 127±2° C. The polymerization liquid obtained above was subjected to a devolatilization treatment using a φ42 mm devolatilization extruder equipped with four front vents and one back vent at 140 rpm and a resin amount of 10 kg / h to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin composition F. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 118°C, a flexural strength of 103 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3200 MPa.

[0251] -Synthesis Example 7 [Methacrylic Resin Composition G]- A 1.25m stirrer equipped with a paddle blade, a temperature sensor, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen inlet tube was installed. 3 A reactor was charged with 430.8 kg of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 33.4 kg of N-phenylmaleimide (N-PMI), 41.5 kg of N-cyclohexylmaleimide (N-CMI), 5.4 kg of acrylonitrile (AN), 450.0 kg of meta-xylene, and 0.055 kg of n-octyl mercaptan, and dissolved to prepare a raw material solution. The mixture was heated to 120 °C with stirring and nitrogen gas. Separately, initiator feed solution A was prepared by mixing 0.18 kg of Perhexa 25B and 0.73 kg of meta-xylene, and initiator feed solution B was prepared by mixing 0.061 kg of Perhexa 25B and 0.24 kg of meta-xylene. When the raw material solution temperature reached 130 °C, initiator feed solution A was fed at a feed rate of 5.5 kg / h for 10 minutes. After 2 hours, the temperature inside the reactor was lowered to 115°C over 0.5 hours, and when it reached 115°C, initiator feed solution B was fed at a feed rate of 1.8 kg / h for 10 minutes (B time = 2.83 hours), and the reaction was continued as is, and the polymerization reaction was carried out for a total of 13 hours to complete the reaction. The resulting polymerization solution was subjected to a devolatilization treatment using a φ42 mm twin-screw devolatilization extruder equipped with four front vents and one back vent at 140 rpm and 10 kg / h in terms of resin amount, to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin composition G. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 125°C, a flexural strength of 110 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3200 MPa.

[0252] -Synthesis Example 8 [Methacrylic Resin Composition H]- A co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 40 mm was used. The extruder cylinder temperature was set to 275°C and the screw rotation speed to 150 rpm. Polymethyl methacrylate with a weight average molecular weight of 10,8000, containing 0.1 parts by weight of Rikemal H-100 per 100 parts by weight of the total polymer, was fed from the hopper at a rate of 20 kg / h, and nitrogen was flowed into the extruder at a flow rate of 200 mL / min. After the resin was melted and filled using a kneading block, 1.8 parts by weight of monomethylamine per 100 parts by weight of raw resin was injected through a nozzle to carry out the imidization reaction. A reverse flight was installed at the end of the reaction zone (before the vent port) to fill the resin. Post-reaction by-products and excess monomethylamine were removed by reducing the pressure at the vent port to 50 Torr. The resin exiting the die at the extruder outlet as strands was cooled in a water bath and then pelletized in a pelletizer to obtain imide resin. Next, a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 40 mm was used. The extruder cylinder temperature was set to 255°C and the screw rotation speed to 150 rpm. The resulting imide resin was fed at 20 kg / hr. The resin was melted and filled using a kneading block. After that, a mixture of dimethyl carbonate and triethylamine was injected through the nozzle as an esterifying agent to reduce the carboxylic acid groups in the resin. The amount of dimethyl carbonate was 3.2 parts by mass and triethylamine was 0.8 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of imide resin. The pressure at the vent port was reduced to 50 Torr to remove the by-products and excess dimethyl carbonate after the reaction. The resin exited the die at the extruder outlet as strands, which were cooled in a water bath and then pelletized in a pelletizer to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin composition H having a glutarimide structure. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 123°C, a flexural strength of 127 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3570 MPa.

[0253] -Synthesis Example 9 [Methacrylic Resin Composition I]- A 30 L reactor equipped with a paddle-type stirrer, a temperature sensor, a condenser, and a nitrogen inlet tube was charged with 2.25 kg of methyl methacrylate, 1.25 kg of methyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate, 0.025 parts by mass of n-dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of all monomers, 0.025 parts of Adeka STAB 2112, and 6.25 kg of toluene. While nitrogen was passed through the reactor, the mixture was heated to 105°C with stirring. Under reflux, 0.05 parts by mass of t-amyl peroxyisononanoate relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of all monomers was added to the polymerization vessel, and 0.1 parts by mass of t-amyl peroxyisononanoate was added dropwise over 2 hours. Polymerization was carried out under reflux at a polymerization temperature of 105-110°C, followed by an additional 6 hours of polymerization. To the resulting polymer solution, 6.3 g of a stearyl phosphate / distearyl phosphate mixture was added, and a cyclization condensation reaction was carried out at 90 to 110°C for 5 hours. Subsequently, 0.15 parts by mass of Rikemal H-100 was added per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of all monomers, and the mixture was stirred and mixed. The resulting polymerization solution was subjected to a cyclization condensation reaction and devolatilization treatment using a φ42 mm devolatilization extruder equipped with four front vents and one back vent at 120 rpm and 2.2 kg / hour in terms of resin amount, to obtain pellets of methacrylic resin composition I. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 133°C, a flexural strength of 71 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3600 MPa.

[0254] Synthesis Example 10 [Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Resin Composition J] First, VO(OC2H5)Cl2 was diluted with cyclohexane to prepare a vanadium catalyst with a vanadium concentration of 6.7 mmol / L in cyclohexane. 1.5 Cl 1.5 ) was diluted with cyclohexane to prepare an organoaluminum compound catalyst with an aluminum concentration of 107 mmol / L-hexane. Then, ethylene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1] were continuously polymerized in a stirred polymerization vessel (inner diameter 500 mm, reaction volume 100 L). 2,5 .1 7,10A copolymerization reaction was carried out with ethylene and tetracyclododecene (tetracyclododecene). Ethylene was supplied to the polymerization vessel together with hydrogen gas. The vanadium catalyst prepared by the above method was supplied to the polymerization vessel in an amount such that the vanadium catalyst concentration relative to the cyclohexane used as the polymerization solvent in the polymerization vessel was 0.6 mmol / L. Furthermore, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, an organoaluminum compound, was supplied to the polymerization vessel in an amount such that Al / V=18.0. The polymerization temperature was set to 8°C, and the polymerization pressure was set to 1.8 kg / cm. 2 G was continuously copolymerized. Ethylene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1 2,5 .1 7,10 To the copolymer solution of ethylene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1]-3-dodecene, water and a 25% by mass aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide as a pH adjuster were added to terminate the polymerization reaction. The catalyst residues present in the copolymer were removed (decalcified) from the copolymer solution. 2,5 .1 7,10 Irganox 1010 was added as a stabilizer to a cyclohexane solution (polymer concentration 7.7% by mass) of a copolymer of 1-3-dodecene and 2-isopropyl-2-propanediol (2-isopropyl-2-propanediol) in an amount of 0.4 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the copolymer. Then, before entering the flash drying process, the mixture was temporarily dried in a 1.0 m 3 The mixture was mixed for 1 hour using a stirring tank. 20kg / cm as heat source 2 A cyclohexane solution of the copolymer, with the concentration of the copolymer in the cyclohexane solution set to 5% by mass, was supplied at a rate of 150 kg / h to a double-pipe heater (outer pipe diameter 2B, inner pipe diameter 3 / 4B, length 21 m) using G steam, and heated to 180°C. 25kg / cm as heat source 2Using a double-tube flash dryer (outer tube diameter 2B, inner tube diameter 3 / 4B, length 27m) and a flash hopper (volume 200L) using G steam, most of the unreacted monomers were removed from the cyclohexane solution of the copolymer that had undergone the heating process, along with the polymerization solvent cyclohexane, to obtain flash-dried molten ethylene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1 2,5 .1 7,10 A random copolymer (cyclic olefin copolymer) with ]-3-dodecene was obtained. The fatty acid ester pentaerythritol distearate (NOF Corporation, "Unistar H-476D") was heated at 100°C for 4 hours and then melted. 2.1 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the cyclic olefin copolymer (A-1) was directly charged into a vented twin-screw kneading extruder, mixed with the cyclic olefin copolymer charged through the extruder's resin charging section, and pelletized using an underwater pelletizer attached to the extruder outlet. The resulting pellets were dried for 4 hours with hot air at 100°C to obtain pellets of cyclic olefin copolymer Resin Composition J. The proportion of ring skeleton structural units in this resin composition was 38 mol%. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 137°C, a flexural strength of 77 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 3350 MPa.

[0255] Synthesis Example 11 [Cycloolefin Resin Composition K] A dry, nitrogen-purged polymerization reactor was charged with tetracyclo[9.2.1.0 2,10 .0 3,87 parts of a monomer mixture consisting of 65 mol% tetradeca-3,5,7,12-tetraene (methanotetrahydrofluorene), 30 mol% tetracyclododecene, and 5 mol% bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene (norbornene) (1% based on the total amount of monomers used in polymerization), 1600 parts of dehydrated cycloxane, 1.5 parts of 1-docosene as a molecular weight modifier, 1.3 parts of diisopropyl ether, 0.33 parts of isobutyl alcohol, 0.84 parts of triisobutylaluminum, and 30 parts of a 0.66% cyclohexane solution of tungsten hexachloride were added and stirred at 55°C for 10 minutes. Next, while maintaining the reaction system at 55°C and stirring, 693 parts of a monomer mixture having the same composition as above and 72 parts of a 0.66% cyclohexane solution of tungsten hexachloride were continuously added dropwise to the polymerization reactor over 150 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes after the completion of the dropwise addition. Thereafter, 1.0 part of isopropyl alcohol was added to terminate the polymerization reaction. Analysis of the polymerization reaction solution by gas chromatography revealed that the monomer conversion rate was 100%. Next, 300 parts of the polymerization reaction solution was transferred to an autoclave equipped with a stirrer, and 100 parts of cyclohexane and 2.0 parts of a diatomaceous earth-supported nickel catalyst (manufactured by JGC Chemical Industries, Ltd., product name "T8400RL", nickel support rate 58%) were added. After the atmosphere in the autoclave was replaced with hydrogen, a hydrogenation reaction was carried out at 180°C under a hydrogen pressure of 4.5 MPa for 6 hours. The reaction solution obtained from the hydrogenation reaction was subjected to pressure filtration at 0.25 MPa using a pressure filter (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd., product name "Funda Filter") with diatomaceous earth (Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., product name "Radiolite® #500") as a filter bed to obtain a colorless, transparent solution. Next, 0.5 parts of an antioxidant [pentaerythrityl-tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] (Ciba Specialty Chemicals, product name "Irganox® 1010") per 100 parts of the hydrogenated product was added and dissolved. This solution was then filtered through a filter (Cunor Filter, product name "ZetaPlus® 30H", pore size 0.5-1 μm), and the filtrate was then filtered through a metal fiber filter (Nichidai, pore size 0.4 μm) to remove impurities. Next, the filtrate obtained above was concentrated in a cylindrical concentrating dryer (product name "CONTROL", manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) at a temperature of 260°C and a pressure of 1 kPa or less to remove the solvent cyclohexane and other volatile components from the solution, and the molten material was extruded in the form of strands from a die directly connected to the concentrator. After cooling with water, the extruded material was cut with a pelletizer (product name "OSP-2", manufactured by Nagata Seisakusho) to obtain pellets of cycloolefin resin composition K. The resulting pellets had a Tg of 143°C, a flexural strength of 115 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 2410 MPa.

[0256] Example 1 [Resin lens molding] The methacrylic resin composition A obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used in an injection molding machine (FANUC, S-2000i50B). A biconvex lens with an optical axis thickness of 7.0 mm and a diameter of 41 mm was used as the mold. The first surface, which was a convex surface including the optical axis, had an aspheric shape with a radius of curvature of R=95 mm, a conic constant k=-1.125, and no even-order constants. The second surface, which was a convex surface including the optical axis, had a radius of curvature of R=68 mm, a conic constant k=-2.916, and no even-order constants. (When the second surface is viewed as positive, it is expressed as a spherical surface with a radius of curvature R=-68 mm.) A protruding flange was attached to the outside of the lens surface, and the overall lens diameter was 45 mm. Molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of Tg+135°C of the resin composition used and a mold temperature of Tg-15°C of the resin composition used. The first-stage holding pressure was 100 MPa for 5 seconds, and then the second-stage holding pressure was 80 MPa for 4 seconds to relieve stress strain inside the molded product. Molding was carried out with an injection speed set to 20 mm / s, and a resin lens according to Example 1 was obtained.

[0257] [Silane coupling agent layer formation process] According to JP 2022-151518 A, in the process of forming the silane coupling agent layer, a silane coupling agent layer was formed on the adhesive surface of the resin lens, so that the silane coupling agent layer was present between the resin lens and the adhesive layer that bonds the resin lens and the wire grid reflective polarizing element WGF (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) and the resin lens.

[0258] To form a silane coupling agent layer on the resin lens, a capacitively coupled high-frequency plasma device was used. The pressure in the reaction chamber was first reduced to 5-10 Pa using a pressure reducing device. Then, water vapor gas was introduced into the chamber to bring the chamber pressure to 100 Pa. Plasma was generated using a 13.56 MHz high-frequency wave and 50 W of power for 3 minutes. Then, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate vapor was introduced into the chamber, and the silane coupling agent layer was formed by reacting the adhesive surface of the resin lens with the 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. The water contact angle of the resin lens before and after the formation of the silane coupling agent layer was measured using a contact angle meter DMs-401 (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.). The water contact angle changed before and after the formation of the silane coupling agent layer, confirming the formation of a silane coupling agent layer on the adhesive surface of the resin lens.

[0259] [Preparation of a resin substrate having lattice-shaped convex portions for preparing a reflective polarizing element master mold] A nickel stamper was prepared, whose surface had a concave-convex grating with a pitch of 230 nm and a height of 230 nm. This concave-convex grating was produced by patterning using laser interference exposure. Its cross-sectional shape was sinusoidal, and its top view was a striped grating. Its planar dimensions were 500 mm in both length and width. Using this nickel stamper, the concave-convex grating pattern was transferred onto the surface of a cycloolefin resin (hereinafter abbreviated as COP) plate 0.5 mm thick and 520 mm in length and width by a heat press method, producing a COP plate with the concave-convex grating pattern transferred onto it. Next, the COP plate with the transferred concave-convex lattice pattern was cut into a rectangle of 520 mm × 460 mm to be used as a COP plate for stretching as a member to be stretched. At this time, the COP plate was cut so that the longitudinal direction (520 mm) of the 520 mm × 460 mm and the extension direction of the concave-convex lattice were approximately parallel to each other. Next, silicone oil was sprayed onto the surface of this COP plate and left in a circulating air oven at approximately 80°C for 30 minutes. Next, 10 mm of each longitudinal end of the COP plate were fixed with the chucks of the stretching machine, and the COP plate was left in this state in a circulating air oven temperature-controlled at 113±1°C for 10 minutes. Stretching was then terminated when the distance between the chucks reached 2.7 times at a speed of 250 mm / min. After 20 seconds, the stretched COP plate (stretched COP plate) was removed from the COP plate and cooled at room temperature while maintaining the distance between the chucks. Approximately 40% of the central portion of the stretched COP plate was uniformly constricted, with the narrowest point being 280 mm. Observation of the surface and cross section of this stretched COP plate using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealed that the pitch and height of the fine concave-convex grating were 140 nm and 130 nm (pitch / height), respectively. It was found that the cross section was sinusoidal, the shape from the top surface was a striped lattice, and that the shape was substantially similar to the concave-convex lattice shape before stretching and had been reduced.

[0260] (Making a nickel stamper) The surfaces of the resulting 140 nm pitch stretched COP plates were coated with 30 nm of gold by sputtering as a conductive treatment, and then electroplated with nickel to produce nickel stampers with a surface pattern of a fine concave-convex grating measuring 0.2 mm in thickness, 270 mm in length, and 220 mm in width, with the longitudinal direction of the nickel stamper approximately perpendicular to the extension direction of the fine concave-convex grating.

[0261] (Creating a roll stamper) The nickel stamper was machined into a cylindrical shape with the fine concave-convex grating facing the outer periphery, and then welded to form a roll stamper. The joining was performed so that the longitudinal direction of the nickel stamper was aligned with the circumferential direction of the roll stamper. Next, a 13 mm wide, 80 μm thick Nitto Denko Nitoflon adhesive tape was attached circumferentially to the approximate center of the roll stamper.

[0262] (Preparation of base film roll) A triacetyl cellulose film (hereinafter referred to as TAC film) with a width of 250 mm and a thickness of 80 μm and an oxygen weight ratio of 50 wt% was used. フィルム A roll (film length 300 m) heated to 130°C (300°C) was knurled using a disc-shaped mold with protrusions on the surface in a range of 1 to 15 mm from the edge in the width direction so that the average height from the surface of the base film was 50 μm.

[0263] (Production of a film roll with a fine concave-convex grating transfer) On the knurled TAC film roll, a UV-curable resin was continuously applied in a thickness of about 2 μm on the inside in the width direction from the knurled part, excluding the position where the Nitoflon tape was attached, and the coated surface was brought into contact with the width direction of the TAC film so that the extension direction of the fine concave-convex grating on the roll stamper having the fine concave-convex grating with a 140 nm pitch on its surface was parallel to the extension direction of the TAC film, and ultraviolet light of 1000 mJ / cm was applied from the film side using an ultraviolet lamp with a central wavelength of 365 nm. 2 The film was irradiated with light, and the fine concave-convex grating of the roll stamper was continuously transferred onto the film, after which it was wound up into a roll. Hereafter, this roll will be referred to as the original roll. The obtained film with the fine concave-convex grating transfer was observed using FE-SEM, and it was confirmed that its cross-sectional shape was sinusoidal and that the shape from the top surface was a striped grating.

[0264] (Drying raw roll) To dry the water contained in the raw roll obtained as described above, the raw roll was transferred to a vacuum chamber equipped with three 200 W infrared heaters. The film was unwound in the vacuum while running at 2 m / min. After heating, it was wound into a roll. The vacuum level was 0.03 Pa when the film stopped running, and 0.15 Pa while the film was running (drying). A Thermo Label (registered trademark) was attached to the TAC film in advance to measure the surface temperature of the TAC film after passing through the heater. The surface temperature of the TAC film after passing through the heater was between 60 and 70°C.

[0265] (Formation of metal nanowires) After drying, the raw roll was placed in the dryer's vacuum chamber for 12 hours, at which point the film temperature dropped to 23°C. The raw roll was then transferred to a vacuum chamber for metal wire formation. A silicon nitride layer was then deposited on the micro-concave grating surface using reactive AC magnetron sputtering. Specifically, two silicon targets measuring 127mm x 750mm x 10mm were aligned, the substrate-to-target distance was 80mm, the argon gas flow rate was 200sccm, the nitrogen gas flow rate was 300sccm, the output was 11kW, the frequency was 37.5kHz, and the running speed was 5m / min. The raw roll was unwound and transported to the take-up roll by a film transport roll, and then wound into a roll. The tension during sputtering was 30N, the main roller temperature was 30°C, the background vacuum before sputtering was 0.005Pa, and the vacuum during sputtering was 0.38Pa. Under the same conditions, a silicon nitride film was formed on a Si chip, and the thickness of the silicon nitride layer was calculated using an ellipsometer, and found to be 3 nm. After sputtering, the temperature of the raw roll was measured with an infrared thermometer and found to be 24°C. A thin film of silicon nitride was formed on the lattice-patterned convex transfer surface of the raw roll by sputtering. The film was then fed by the main roller in the reverse direction of sputtering. Metal nanowires were formed by resistance heating deposition, and the film was wound into a roll. Aluminum (Al) was used as the metal. Oblique deposition was used for Al deposition, with a mask positioned so that the angle between the substrate surface normal and the deposition source in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lattice began at 32° and ended at 15°. The mask opening width was 60 mm, and the distance between the center of the mask opening and the deposition boat was 400 mm. The vacuum level before heating the deposition boat was 0.005 Pa. The tension was 30 N, and the temperature of the main roller was 30°C. Under these conditions, the grid-shaped convex pattern transfer film was run at a film feed rate of 3.5 m / min, while aluminum was vapor-deposited by feeding an aluminum wire with a purity of 99.9% or higher and a diameter of 1.7 mm onto the heated boat at a feed rate of 200 mm / min. The vacuum level during vapor deposition was 0.007 Pa.

[0266] (Aluminum film thickness measurement) The film portion of the wire grid polarizer obtained by the above vapor deposition was cut out at the later stage of vapor deposition, and the aluminum film thickness was calculated from the fluorescent X-ray emission intensity, which was 130 nm for both films.

[0267] (Aluminum etching) The roll of the film with the grid-shaped convex pattern transfered onto it, bearing Al metal nanowires, was unwound and run through a 0.5 wt % NaOH bath at 23°C for 65 seconds. It was then washed with water and air-dried to obtain a roll of wire-grid polarizer with the desired optical properties.

[0268] (Collection of wire grid polarizers for bonding) The etched wire grid polarizer roll was left to stand for a predetermined time under the conditions described below, and then cut into a 270 mm long sheet to obtain a wire grid polarizer for lamination. The sheet was placed over a white backlight and the appearance was visually observed. The appearance was uniform, with no shadows or peeling of the metal wires.

[0269] A double-sided adhesive sheet was attached to the supporting substrate 21 side of the wire grid reflective polarizing element (TAC substrate) having a thickness of 80 μm obtained in the above step to prepare the element. The plano-convex resin lens obtained by the injection molding was placed on the lamination side base (lower chamber) of a vacuum lamination device using a jig to hold the lens, with the spherical surface (R = 68 mm) on top and the aspherical surface (R = 95 mm) on the bottom. A wire grid was fixed in a vacuum molding machine having upper and lower chambers to separate the chambers, and both chambers were evacuated. The surface of the wire grid polarizer with the fine uneven structure was fixed facing the upper chamber. The wire grid polarizer was then heated using a heater in the machine. While measuring its temperature with an infrared monitor, it was heated until it reached approximately 210°C. The resin lens fixed in the lower chamber was then pressed against the wire grid polarizer. Air was then slowly leaked from the upper chamber, followed by air from the lower chamber. A wire grid polarizer with a curved surface was obtained as described above. The desired curved surface was then cut out by laser cutting, resulting in a reflective polarizer-bonded lens according to Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0270] Example 2 In Example 1, when bonding a wire-grid polarizer to the obtained resin lens, molding and bonding of the wire-grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet was attached to the side of the lattice-shaped convex portions 23 of the wire-grid polarizer. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0271] Example 3 The methacrylic resin composition A obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used in an injection molding machine (FANUC, S-2000i50B) for injection molding. A meniscus lens with an optical axis thickness of 3.2 mm was used for the mold. The finished product had a first surface that was a convex surface including the optical axis, an aspherical shape with a radius of curvature of R = 92.5 mm, a circle estimation number k = -1.259, and an even-order aspherical constant D = 2.316 × 10. -7 , E=-2.959×10 -10 , F=-9.218×10 -14 and the second surface is a plane. Molding was performed with a cylinder temperature set to Tg+125°C of the resin composition used and a mold temperature set to Tg-20°C of the resin composition used. The first-stage holding pressure was 90 MPa for 5 seconds, followed by a second-stage holding pressure of 70 MPa for 4 seconds to alleviate stress strain inside the molded product. Molding was performed with an injection speed set to 6 m / s, resulting in a resin lens similar to the resin lens of Example 1. The lens shape was measured using an NH-3SPs (manufactured by Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd.), and the molding conditions were adjusted as needed to obtain a lens of the desired shape. When bonding a wire grid polarizer to a resin lens similar to that obtained in Example 1, molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the bonding surface was made spherical (R=92.5 mm). The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0272] Example 4 The methacrylic resin composition A obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used in an injection molding machine (FANUC, S-2000i50B) for injection molding. A meniscus lens with an optical axis thickness of 5 mm was used as the mold. The finished product had a first surface that was a convex surface including the optical axis, an aspheric shape with a radius of curvature of R = 43.1 mm, a circle estimation number k = -1.387, and an even-order aspheric constant D = -1.32 × 10. -6 , E = 1.02 × 10 -8 , F=-3.73×10 -11 , G = 6.15 × 10 -14 , H=-3.37×10 -17 and the second surface is a plane. Molding was performed with a cylinder temperature set to Tg+125°C of the resin composition used and a mold temperature set to Tg-20°C of the resin composition used. The first-stage holding pressure was 90 MPa for 5 seconds, followed by a second-stage holding pressure of 70 MPa for 4 seconds to alleviate stress strain inside the molded product. Molding was performed with an injection speed set to 6 m / s, resulting in a resin lens similar to the resin lens of Example 1. The lens shape was measured using an NH-3SPs (manufactured by Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd.), and the molding conditions were adjusted as needed to obtain a lens of the desired shape. When bonding a wire grid polarizer to a resin lens similar to that obtained in Example 1, molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the bonding surface was made spherical (R=43.1 mm). The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0273] Example 5 The methacrylic resin composition A obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used in an injection molding machine (FANUC, S-2000i50B) for injection molding. A meniscus lens with an optical axis thickness of 4.2 mm was used for the mold. The finished first surface was a convex surface including the optical axis, an aspherical shape with a radius of curvature R=66.9 mm, a circular estimated number k=-1.608, no aspherical constant was set for even numbers, and the second surface was flat. Molding was performed with a cylinder temperature set to Tg+125°C of the resin composition used and a mold temperature set to Tg-20°C of the resin composition used. The first-stage holding pressure was 90 MPa for 5 seconds, followed by a second-stage holding pressure of 70 MPa for 4 seconds to alleviate stress strain inside the molded product. Molding was performed with an injection speed set to 6 m / s, resulting in a resin lens similar to the resin lens of Example 1. The lens shape was measured using an NH-3SPs (manufactured by Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd.), and the molding conditions were adjusted as needed to obtain a lens of the desired shape. When bonding a wire grid polarizer to a resin lens similar to that obtained in Example 1, molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the bonding surface was made spherical (R=66.9 mm). The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0274] Example 6 Except for using the methacrylic resin composition B obtained in Synthesis Example 2, molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0275] Example 7 Except for using the methacrylic resin composition C obtained in Synthesis Example 3, molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0276] Example 8 Except for using the methacrylic resin composition D obtained in Synthesis Example 4, molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0277] Example 9 Except for using the thermoplastic resin composition E obtained in Synthesis Example 5, molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. Table 6 shows the evaluation results.

[0278] Example 10 Except for using the methacrylic resin composition F obtained in Synthesis Example 6, molding and bonding of a wire-grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. Table 6 shows the evaluation results.

[0279] Example 11 Except for using the methacrylic resin composition G obtained in Synthesis Example 7, molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. Table 6 shows the evaluation results.

[0280] Example 12 Except for using the methacrylic resin composition H obtained in Synthesis Example 8, molding and bonding of a wire-grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. Table 6 shows the evaluation results.

[0281] Example 13 Except for using the methacrylic resin composition I obtained in Synthesis Example 9, molding and bonding of a wire-grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. Table 6 shows the evaluation results.

[0282] Example 14 Except for using the cyclic olefin copolymer resin composition J obtained in Synthesis Example 10, molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

[0283] Example 15 Except for using the cycloolefin resin composition K obtained in Synthesis Example 11, molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

[0284] Example 16 A silane coupling agent layer was formed on the holding substrate 21 side of the wire grid reflective polarizing element WGF (TAC substrate) in the same manner as for the resin lens, and then a double-sided adhesive sheet was attached to it. Molding and attachment of the wire grid polarizing element were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the silane coupling agent layer was provided both between the resin lens and the adhesive layer and between the adhesive layer and the wire grid reflective polarizing element. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

[0285] Example 17 [Fabrication of a laminated reflective polarizing element] Two multilayer optical packets were coextruded with each packet consisting of 325 alternating layers of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and low refractive index isotropic layers, which had a refractive index of about 1.57 and were made using a blend of polycarbonate and copolyester (PC:coPET) to remain substantially isotropic in the uniaxial direction, with the molar ratio of PC:coPET being about 42.5 mol % PC and 57.5 mol % coPET, and having a Tg of 105° C. This isotropic material was selected so that its refractive index in the two non-stretch directions, after stretching, remained substantially matched to that of the birefringent material in the non-stretch direction, while there was a substantial refractive index mismatch between the birefringent and non-birefringent layers in the stretch direction. The PEN and PC / coPET polymers were fed from separate extruders into a multilayer coextrusion feedblock, which assembled them into packets of 325 alternating optical layers ("Packet 1" and "Packet 2," respectively), with thicker protective boundary layers of PC / coPET on the outside of the laminated optical packet for a total of 652 layers. The film was substantially uniaxially stretched in a parabolic tenter as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,916,440 (Jackson et al.). The film was stretched to a draw ratio of about 6 at a temperature of about 150°C. A double-sided adhesive sheet was attached to the 68 μm laminated reflective polarizing element obtained in the above process to prepare a polarizing element. The plano-convex resin lens on which the silane coupling agent layer was formed was placed on the lamination side base (lower chamber) of a vacuum lamination device using a jig to hold the lens, with the spherical surface (R = 68 mm) on top and the aspherical surface (R = 95 mm) on the bottom as the lamination surface. A laminated reflective polarizing element was fixed in a vacuum molding machine having upper and lower chambers, partitioning the chamber, and both the upper and lower chambers were evacuated. At this time, the surface of the laminated reflective polarizing element having the micro-relief structure was fixed facing the upper chamber. The laminated reflective polarizing element was then heated using a heater in the machine, and its temperature was measured with an infrared monitor until it reached approximately 160°C. The resin lens fixed in the lower chamber was then pressed against the laminated reflective polarizing element. Air was then slowly leaked from the upper chamber, and then from the lower chamber. A laminated reflective polarizing element having a curved surface was obtained as described above. A portion having the desired curved surface was cut out by laser cutting, thereby obtaining a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to Example 17. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

[0286] (Comparative Example 1) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 1. Table 7 shows the evaluation results.

[0287] (Comparative Example 2) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 2, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 2. Table 7 shows the evaluation results.

[0288] (Comparative Example 3) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 3, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 3. Table 7 shows the evaluation results.

[0289] Comparative Example 4 Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 4, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 4. Table 7 shows the evaluation results.

[0290] (Comparative Example 5) Except for using methacrylic resin L (Delpet LP-1; manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) to prepare the resin lens, molding and bonding of the wire-grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7.

[0291] (Comparative Example 6) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 6, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 6. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7.

[0292] (Comparative Example 7) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 7, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 7. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7.

[0293] (Comparative Example 8) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 8, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 8. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8.

[0294] (Comparative Example 9) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 9, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 9. Table 8 shows the evaluation results.

[0295] (Comparative Example 10) Molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were performed under the same conditions as in Example 10, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not performed in the method of Example 10. Table 8 shows the evaluation results.

[0296] (Comparative Example 11) Molding and bonding of a wire grid polarizer were performed under the same conditions as in Example 11, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not performed in the method of Example 11. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8.

[0297] (Comparative Example 12) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were performed under the same conditions as in Example 12, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not performed in the method of Example 12. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8.

[0298] (Comparative Example 13) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 13, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not carried out in the method of Example 13. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8.

[0299] (Comparative Example 14) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were performed under the same conditions as in Example 14, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not performed in the method of Example 14. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8.

[0300] (Comparative Example 15) Molding and bonding of the wire grid polarizer were performed under the same conditions as in Example 15, except that the [step of forming a silane coupling agent layer] was not performed in the method of Example 15. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8.

[0301] (Comparative Example 16) Except for not performing the [silane coupling agent layer forming step] in the method of Example 17, molding and lamination of a laminated reflective polarizing element were performed under the same conditions as in Example 17. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8.

[0302] [Table 5]

[0303] [Table 6]

[0304] [Table 7]

[0305] [Table 8]

[0306] Tables 5 to 8 show that when the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens satisfies the requirements of the present invention, at least one of peeling and cracking of the reflective polarizing element is suppressed even after reliability testing in a harsh high-temperature, humid environment. [Industrial Applicability]

[0307] The reflective polarizing element cemented lens according to the present invention can be suitably used as an eyepiece optical system for a head-mounted display, a microscope, an electronic viewfinder, or the like. [Explanation of symbols]

[0308] 11 Image display devices 12 Circular polarizer 13 Half Mirror 14 Lenses 15 1 / 4λ element 16 Reflective polarizer 21 Reflective polarizing element bonded lens 22 Resin Lens 23 Reflective polarizing element 24 Adhesive layer 25 Silane coupling agent layer 30 Wire grid reflective polarizer 31 Retention base material 32 Resin substrate 33 Lattice-shaped convex part 34 Base material layer 36 Dielectric Layer 37 Metal Wire 39 Bonding layer 40 Smartphone 41 Resin Lens 42 Reflective polarizing element 43 Circular polarizer 44 Half mirror element 45 1 / 4 wave plate 46 Reflective polarizing element bonded lens 47 Circular polarizer 48 Digital SLR Camera 49 Light blocking section

Claims

1. A reflective polarizing element-bonded lens, a resin lens having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a reflective polarizing element is attached to at least one of the first surface and the second surface, an adhesive layer is provided between the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; a silane coupling agent layer is provided between at least one of the resin lens and the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer and the reflective polarizing element; The reflective polarizing element-attached lens, wherein the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin composition constituting the resin lens is 115°C to 160°C.

2. The resin lens has a photoelastic coefficient of 10×10 －１２ Pa －１ 2. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 1, wherein:

3. 3. The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to claim 1, wherein the resin lens is made of a thermoplastic resin composition having an aryl group or an alicyclic group in a main chain or a side chain.

4. 3. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 1, wherein the surface where the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element are bonded is a convex or concave surface in a region including the optical axis, and the absolute value of the reference radius of curvature R is 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less.

5. The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin composition contains a methacrylic resin.

6. 6. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 5, wherein the methacrylic resin includes a methacrylic resin having a structural unit with a ring structure.

7. 7. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 6, wherein the structural unit comprises at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer, a glutarimide structural unit, an aromatic vinyl structural unit, an alicyclic vinyl structural unit, and a lactone ring structural unit.

8. 8. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 7, wherein the structural unit comprises a structural unit derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer.

9. 3. The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to claim 1, wherein the resin lens is made of a resin composition containing a cyclic olefin copolymer, which is a copolymer of ethylene or an α-olefin and a cyclic olefin.

10. 10. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 9, wherein the proportion of ring skeleton structural units in the main chain derived from the cyclic olefin in the cyclic olefin copolymer is 36 mol % or more and 50 mol % or less.

11. The structural units derived from the cyclic olefin in the cyclic olefin copolymer are bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1]heptene. ２，５ .1 ７，１０ 11. The reflective polarizing element-laminated lens according to claim 10, wherein the structural unit is derived from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of methyl methyl ether, ...

12. 3. The reflective polarizing element-laminated lens according to claim 1, wherein the resin lens is made of a resin composition containing a hydrogenated ring-opening polymer of a norbornene-based monomer.

13. The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to claim 12, wherein the resin composition containing the hydrogenated ring-opening polymer of a norbornene-based monomer contains 20 to 100 mol % of structural units derived from norbornene-based monomers and, optionally, 0 to 80 mol % of structural units derived from other monomers copolymerizable with the norbornene-based monomers.

14. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 13, wherein the structural units derived from norbornene-based monomers contain 15 to 50 wt% of structural units derived from tetracyclododecene-based monomers, 50 to 90 wt% of structural units derived from methanotetrahydrofluorene-based monomers, and 1 to 15 wt% of structural units derived from norbornene monomers (however, the total of the structural units derived from each monomer is 100 wt%).

15. 3. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 1, wherein the resin composition constituting the resin lens has a bending strength of 65 MPa or more.

16. 3. The reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 1, wherein the reflective polarizing element has only one reflective surface that is involved in polarized light separation.

17. 3. The reflective polarizing element-attached lens according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is an adhesive layer made of an adhesive that does not contain a silane coupling agent.

18. A head-mounted display comprising the reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 1 or 2.

19. A method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens by bonding a reflective polarizing element to a resin lens, comprising: the resin lens is a resin lens made of a resin composition having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 115°C to 160°C, the resin lens has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, forming a silane coupling agent layer on at least one of the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; providing an adhesive layer on at least one of the resin lens and the reflective polarizing element; and bonding a reflective polarizing element to the resin lens.

20. 20. The method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 19, wherein the resin lens is manufactured by injection molding.

21. The step of bonding the reflective polarizing element to the resin lens is carried out by adjusting the glass transition temperature (Tg フィルム ) as a reference, Tg フィルム -40°C to Tg フィルム The method for manufacturing a reflective polarizing element-bonded lens according to claim 19, wherein the manufacturing method is carried out at +120°C.

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