Polarizing film, and display device and electronic device including the same

Abstract

To provide a polarizing film and a display device including the same.SOLUTION: According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a display device including a display panel including a display element and a polarizing film disposed on the display panel, the polarizing film including a first phase delay layer, a second phase delay layer disposed on the first phase delay layer, a first adhesive layer interposed between the first phase delay layer and the second phase delay layer, a second adhesive layer disposed on the second phase delay layer, a first protective layer disposed on the second adhesive layer, and a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer. And a polarizing layer interposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, wherein the first adhesive layer has a refractive index of 1.55 to 1.7.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a polarizing film and a display device including the same, and more particularly to a polarizing film and a display device including the same that can protect a screen from external light reflection and display a high-quality image. [Background technology]

[0002] Display devices are devices that display images and include liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light emitting display devices (OLEDs), electrophoretic displays (EPDs), etc. These display devices incorporate polarizing films to prevent external light from reflecting off the front surface of the display device. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Korean Patent Publication No. 2022-0094552 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present invention provides a polarizing film having excellent anti-reflection and reflective saturation properties, and a display device including the same, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device comprising: a display panel including a display element; and a polarizing film positioned on the display panel, wherein the polarizing film includes a first phase retardation layer, a second phase retardation layer disposed on the first phase retardation layer, a first adhesive layer interposed between the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer, a second adhesive layer disposed on the second phase retardation layer, a first protective layer disposed on the second adhesive layer, a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer, and a polarizing layer interposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and the refractive index of the first adhesive layer is 1.55 to 1.7.

[0006] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first adhesive layer is 5 μm to 10 μm.

[0007] In one embodiment, the first phase retardation layer may include a quarter-wave plate (QWP), and the second phase retardation layer may include a half-wave plate (HWP).

[0008] In one embodiment, the first phase retardation layer may include a positive C-plate, and the second phase retardation layer may include a half-wave plate (HWP).

[0009] In one embodiment, the first phase retardation layer may include a positive A-plate, and the second phase retardation layer may include a negative A-plate.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer is disposed on one side of the first phase retardation layer, and a phase compensation layer is further included on the other side of the first phase retardation layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first phase retardation layer may include a positive C-plate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer includes a base polymer and a refractive index modifier, and the refractive index modifier may include a compound having an aromatic ring.

[0013] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the refractive index modifier is 1.55 to 2.0.

[0014] In one embodiment, the refractive index control agent may include at least one of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene, 6-acryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-methacryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 5-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-vinyldinaphthothiophene, 5-vinyldinaphthothiophene, and 2,12-diaryloxydinaphthothiophene.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer has a higher refractive index than the second adhesive layer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer is 1.6 to 1.7.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer further comprises a UV curable material.

[0018] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a polarizing film including a first phase retardation layer, a second phase retardation layer disposed on the first phase retardation layer, a first adhesive layer interposed between the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer, a second adhesive layer disposed on the second phase retardation layer, a first protective layer disposed on the second adhesive layer, a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer, and a polarizing layer interposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, wherein the refractive index of the first adhesive layer is 1.55 to 1.7.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer includes a base polymer and a refractive index modifier, and the refractive index modifier may include a compound having an aromatic ring.

[0020] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the refractive index modifier is 1.55 to 2.0.

[0021] In one embodiment, the refractive index control agent may include at least one of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene, 6-acryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-methacryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 5-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-vinyldinaphthothiophene, 5-vinyldinaphthothiophene, and 2,12-diaryloxydinaphthothiophene.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer has a higher refractive index than the second adhesive layer.

[0023] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer is 1.6 to 1.7.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer further comprises a UV curable material.

[0025] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device including a display device, the display device comprising: a display panel including a display element; and a polarizing film positioned on the display panel, the polarizing film including a first phase retardation layer, a second phase retardation layer disposed on the first phase retardation layer, a first adhesive layer interposed between the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer, a second adhesive layer disposed on the second phase retardation layer, a first protective layer disposed on the second adhesive layer, a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer, and a polarizing layer interposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, wherein the refractive index of the first adhesive layer is 1.55 to 1.7.

[0026] In one embodiment, the electronic device is any one of a smartphone, a television, a monitor, a tablet, an electric vehicle, a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a mobile communication terminal, a laptop, an e-book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC), a laptop, an electronic signage, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a smart watch, a watch phone, or a head-mounted display (HMD).

[0027] Other aspects, features, and advantages, in addition to those described above, will become apparent from the following drawings, claims, and detailed description of the invention.

[0028] These general and specific aspects may be implemented using a system, a method, a computer program, or any combination of systems, methods, and computer programs. [Effects of the Invention]

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a polarizing film and a display device including the same are provided, which can protect a screen from external light reflection and display a high-quality image, although it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these effects. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view schematically illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing film according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing film according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a polarizing film of a comparative example, illustrating interfacial reflection. [Figure 6]1 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a polarizing film according to an embodiment, illustrating interfacial reflection. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing film according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a portion of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] While the present invention may be modified in various ways and may have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail in the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention, as well as methods for achieving them, will become apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and may be embodied in various forms.

[0032] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When describing with reference to the drawings, the same or corresponding components will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0033] In this specification, the terms "first," "second," etc. are not used in a limiting sense but are used to distinguish one component from another component.

[0034] As used herein, singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0035] In this specification, the terms "comprise" or "have" mean that the features or components described in the specification are present, but do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may also be added.

[0036] In this specification, when a part such as a film, region, or component is said to be on top of or above another part, this does not only mean that it is directly on top of the other part, but also includes cases where another film, region, component, etc. is interposed between them.

[0037] As used herein, when membranes, regions, components, etc. are said to be connected, this includes cases where the membranes, regions, components, etc. are directly connected, and / or cases where the membranes, regions, components, etc. are indirectly connected via another membrane, region, component, etc. For example, as used herein, when membranes, regions, components, etc. are said to be electrically connected, this includes cases where the membranes, regions, components, etc. are directly and electrically connected, and / or cases where the membranes, regions, components, etc. are indirectly and electrically connected via another membrane, region, component, etc., interposed therebetween.

[0038] In this specification, "A and / or B" refers to A, B, or A and B. And "at least one of A and B" refers to A, B, or A and B.

[0039] In this specification, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system, but may be interpreted in a broad sense to include this. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may be perpendicular to each other, but may also refer to different directions that are not perpendicular to each other.

[0040] In this specification, when an embodiment can be implemented differently, the order of certain steps may be different from that described. For example, two steps described as successive may be performed substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order from that described.

[0041] In the drawings, the size of components may be exaggerated or reduced for the sake of convenience of explanation. For example, the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown for the sake of convenience of explanation, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to what is shown in the drawings.

[0042] FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] 1, a display device 1 includes a display area DA and a peripheral area PA. The display device 1 also includes a substrate 100. In this case, it may be understood that the substrate 100 includes the display area DA and the peripheral area PA.

[0044] A plurality of pixels PX including display elements such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are arranged in the display area DA of the substrate 100. Each pixel PX further includes a plurality of thin film transistors and storage capacitors for controlling the display elements. The number of thin film transistors included in one pixel PX may vary from one to seven.

[0045] Various wirings for transmitting electrical signals to be applied to the display area DA are located in the peripheral area PA of the substrate 100. Thin film transistors may be provided in the peripheral area PA, and in this case, the thin film transistors disposed in the peripheral area PA are part of a circuit unit for controlling the electrical signals applied to the display area DA.

[0046] Hereinafter, an organic light emitting display device will be described as an example of a display device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, but the display device 1 of the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, various types of display devices 1 such as an inorganic light emitting display (EL display) or a quantum dot light emitting display (QD) may be used.

[0047] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 2, a display device 1 according to an embodiment may include a display panel 10, a polarizing film 20, a cover window 30, and a functional coating layer 40.

[0049] 1, the display panel 10 includes a plurality of pixels PX including display elements arranged on a substrate 100. The display panel 10 emits light to the outside through the plurality of pixels PX to display an image.

[0050] A polarizing film 20 is disposed on the display panel 10. The polarizing film 20 is described in more detail below in FIG.

[0051] A third adhesive layer 12 is disposed between the polarizing film 20 and the display panel 10. The third adhesive layer 12 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA).

[0052] A cover window 30 is disposed on the polarizing film 20. The cover window 30 protects the display panel 10 and polarizing film 20 disposed thereunder. The cover window 30 has high transmittance to transmit light emitted from the display panel 10. In one embodiment, the transmittance of the cover window 30 is 85% or more and a transmission haze of 2% or less, but is not limited thereto.

[0053] A fourth adhesive layer 22 is disposed between the polarizing film 20 and the cover window 30. The fourth adhesive layer 22 is an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

[0054] A functional coating layer 40 is positioned on the cover window 30. The functional coating layer 40 includes a layer for protecting the cover window 30 and improving the visibility of light emitted from the display panel 10. For example, the functional coating layer 40 may include an anti-fingerprint coating layer (AF), an anti-reflection coating layer (AR), an anti-glare coating layer (AG), etc.

[0055] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing film 20 according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing film 20' according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 3, a polarizing film 20 according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a polarizing layer 510, a first phase retardation layer 520, a second phase retardation layer 540, a first protective layer 530, a second protective layer 550, a hard coat layer HC, a first adhesive layer ADL1 interposed between the first phase retardation layer 520 and the second phase retardation layer 540, and a second adhesive layer ADL2 disposed on the second phase retardation layer 540.

[0057] In one embodiment, the polarizing layer 510 polarizes light incident from a light source (not shown) in the same direction as the polarization axis. The polarizing layer 510 is formed by impregnating a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film with a polarizer and / or a dichroic dye. The dichroic dye is iodine molecules and / or dye molecules.

[0058] Alternatively, the polarizing layer 510 may be formed by stretching a polyvinyl alcohol film in one direction and immersing it in a solution of iodine and / or a dichroic dye. In this case, the iodine molecules and / or dichroic dye molecules are aligned in the stretching direction. Because the iodine molecules and the dye molecules exhibit dichroism, they absorb light vibrating in the stretching direction and transmit light vibrating in a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction.

[0059] A first protective layer 530 and a second protective layer 550 are disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the polarizing layer 510. The first protective layer 530 and the second protective layer 550 support the polarizing layer 510 and enhance the mechanical strength of the polarizing layer 510. The first protective layer 530 and the second protective layer 550 may include triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cycloolefin polymer, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or the like. While FIG. 3 shows the polarizing film 20 including both the first protective layer 530 and the second protective layer 550, the second protective layer 550 may be omitted in other embodiments.

[0060] A first phase retardation layer 520 is disposed under the polarizing layer 510. For example, the first phase retardation layer 520 is one of a positive A plate, a negative A plate, a positive C plate, or a negative C plate. Alternatively, the first phase retardation layer 520 is one of a quarter wave plate (QWP) or a half wave plate (HWP). The first phase retardation layer 520 is made of a material selected from polycarbonate (PC), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and cycloolefin polymer.

[0061] A second phase retardation layer 540 is disposed under the polarizing layer 510 and on the first phase retardation layer 520. For example, the second phase retardation layer 540 is one of a positive A plate, a negative A plate, a positive C plate, or a negative C plate. Alternatively, the second phase retardation layer 540 is one of a quarter wave plate (QWP) or a half wave plate (HWP). The first phase retardation layer 520 is made of a material selected from polycarbonate (PC), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and cycloolefin polymer.

[0062] In one embodiment, when the first phase retardation layer 520 includes a quarter wave plate (QWP), the second phase retardation layer 540 includes a half wave plate (HWP), or when the first phase retardation layer 520 includes a positive C plate, the second phase retardation layer 540 may include a quarter wave plate (QWP).

[0063] In one embodiment, when the first phase retardation layer 520 includes a positive A plate, the second phase retardation layer 540 includes a negative A plate. In this case, the first phase retardation layer 520 and the second phase retardation layer 540 are implemented using positive wavelength dispersion liquid crystal (liquid crystal exhibiting positive wavelength dispersion characteristics). In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a phase compensation layer 560 may be further disposed below the first phase retardation layer 520 including the positive A plate. The phase compensation layer 560 may include, for example, a positive C plate. In this embodiment, the first protective layer 530 positioned on the second phase retardation layer 540 has a negative C phase and can provide reverse dispersion (reverse wavelength dispersion) when compensating for the lateral side, thereby minimizing lateral color dispersion.

[0064] The first and second phase delay layers 520 and 540 delay the phase of light polarized after passing through the polarizing layer 510. The light passing through the first and second phase delay layers 520 and 540 is polarized circularly or elliptically, thereby reducing the reflectance of the light. The first and second phase delay layers 520 and 540 are disposed farther from the light source than the polarizing layer 510. For example, when external light is incident from above the polarizing layer 510, the first and second phase delay layers 520 and 540 are disposed below the polarizing layer 510.

[0065] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer 520 and the second phase retardation layer 540 is about 1.6 to 1.7.

[0066] The first adhesive layer ADL1 is interposed between the first phase delay layer 520 and the second phase delay layer 540. The thickness of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is about 5 μm to 10 μm. If the thickness of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is less than 5 μm, it is difficult to implement and the adhesive effect is reduced. If the thickness of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is more than 10 μm, the overall thickness of the display device 1 (see FIG. 1) becomes thick, which reduces the light transmittance.

[0067] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is similar to the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer 520 and the second phase retardation layer 540. More specifically, the difference between the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 and the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer 520 and the second phase retardation layer 540 is within 5%. As an example, when the refractive index of the second phase retardation layer 540 is n1, the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer 520 is n3, and the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is n2, the value of the following equation 1 is less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.05.

[0068] [Number 1] |(n1,n3)(n2)|<0.1 (Formula 1)

[0069] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is about 1.55 to 1.7, which means that the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is the same as or very similar to the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer 520 and the second phase retardation layer 540.

[0070] 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views showing part of the polarizing films of the comparative example and the embodiment, respectively, illustrating interfacial reflection.

[0071] 5 and 6 show a laminated structure of a polarizing film, which includes a second phase retardation layer 540 (refractive index: n1), a first adhesive layer ADL1 (refractive index: n2), and a first phase retardation layer 520 (refractive index: n3). In the case of the first adhesive layer ADL1 interposed between the second phase retardation layer 540 and the first phase retardation layer 520, minute bumps or irregularities may be formed during processing. While these are minute, ranging from a few nanometers to a few tens of nanometers, they can cause problems due to interfacial reflection at the interface between the layers.

[0072] 5, a comparative example will be described in which the refractive index (n2) of the first adhesive layer ADL1 exceeds the range of about 1.55 to 1.7, which is the concept of the present invention, for example, the refractive index (n2) of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is less than 1.55. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, in a stacked structure such as second phase retardation layer 540 (refractive index: n1) / first adhesive layer ADL1 (refractive index: n2) / first phase retardation layer 520 (refractive index: n3), light L incident through the polarizing layer 510 undergoes interfacial reflections (R0, R1) (hereinafter, Equation 2) due to differences in refractive index at the interface between the second phase retardation layer 540 and the first adhesive layer ADL1 and at the interface between the first adhesive layer ADL1 and the first phase retardation layer 520. The destructive interference of the interfacial reflections (R0, R1) at each interface can result in the generation of black dots or other stains, which can degrade display quality.

[0073] [Number 2] JPEG2026026049000002.jpg19170

[0074] 6, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index (n2) of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is the same as or similar to the refractive indexes (n1, n3) of the first phase delay layer 520 and the second phase delay layer 540, and light L incident through the polarizing layer 510 passes directly through the stacked structure of the second phase delay layer 540 / first adhesive layer ADL1 / first phase delay layer 520 without being reflected at the interface. Therefore, in the display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index (n2) of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is set to about 1.55 to 1.7, and the refractive index (n2) of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is implemented to be the same as or similar to the refractive indexes (n1, n3) of the first phase delay layer 520 and the second phase delay layer 540, thereby suppressing internal reflection at each interface and improving external visibility.

[0075] The first adhesive layer ADL1 is formed by adding a refractive index adjuster to a base polymer.

[0076] In one embodiment, the base polymer includes one or more rubber-like polymers, such as acrylic polymers, rubber polymers (e.g., natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and mixtures thereof), polyester polymers, urethane polymers, polyether polymers, silicone polymers, polyamide polymers, and fluorine-based polymers. These base polymers impart adhesion to the first adhesive layer ADL1 and are the main component of the first adhesive layer ADL1. The base polymer is the main component of the first adhesive layer ADL1, and "main component" means that the first adhesive layer ADL1 contains at least about 50 wt% of the base polymer when it is formed. The base polymer may be present in an amount of, for example, at least about 50 wt%, at least about 60 wt%, at least about 70 wt%, at least about 80 wt%, or at least about 90 wt%.

[0077] In this embodiment, an acrylic polymer is used as the base polymer, but the present invention is not limited thereto and any organic material having transparency and adhesiveness, including the aforementioned materials, may be used. In this specification, "acrylic polymer" refers to a polymer containing monomer units derived from a monomer having at least one (meth)acryloyl group per molecule, which constitutes the polymer. That is, the base polymer contains one or more types of monomers. Different types of monomers are added to perform different functions within the first adhesive layer ADL1.

[0078] For example, the proportion of acrylic monomers in all monomers used in synthesizing an acrylic polymer is about 50 wt% or more, preferably 70 wt% or more, or 90 wt% or more. In addition, in this specification, "(meth)acryloyl" comprehensively refers to acryloyl and methacryloyl, "(meth)acrylate" comprehensively refers to acrylate and methacrylate, and "(meth)acrylic" comprehensively refers to acrylic and methacrylic.

[0079] In one embodiment, the refractive index modifier is a material added to increase the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1. The refractive index modifier is preferably a material with a higher refractive index than the adhesive layer containing the refractive index modifier. That is, the refractive index modifier is a material with a higher refractive index than the first adhesive layer without the refractive index modifier. Furthermore, the refractive index modifier is preferably a material with a higher refractive index than the base polymer of the first adhesive layer ADL1 containing the refractive index modifier. Adding a refractive index modifier to the first adhesive layer ADL1 within a predetermined range simultaneously ensures a high refractive index and excellent adhesive performance.

[0080] In one embodiment, the refractive index control agent is an organic material, which may be polymeric or non-polymeric and may or may not contain polymerizable functional groups. The refractive index control agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0081] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the refractive index modifier is about 1.55 or greater. As described above, the refractive index of the refractive index modifier is determined relative to the refractive index of the base polymer, and materials within the above refractive index range can be used without limitation. As the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 increases with the addition of a refractive index modifier, the refractive index of the refractive index modifier is about 1.55 or greater, preferably about 1.60 or greater, or about 1.70 or greater, or about 1.80 or greater, or about 1.90 or greater. The refractive index of the refractive index modifier varies depending on the content of the refractive index modifier in the first adhesive layer ADL1, but is preferably high. The upper limit of the refractive index modifier is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 3.0 or less, about 2.5 or less, or 2.0 or less, taking into account the compatibility, adhesion, and transparency of the first adhesive layer ADL1. The refractive index of the refractive index modifier according to this embodiment is, for example, about 1.55 or greater to 2.0 or less.

[0082] In one embodiment, the amount of refractive index modifier used relative to 100 wt% of the base polymer is set according to the purpose. From the viewpoint of increasing the refractive index of the adhesive, the amount of refractive index modifier used relative to 100 wt% of the base polymer is, for example, 1 wt% or more, or 3 wt% or more, or 5 wt% or more, or 7 wt% or more, or 10 wt% or more, or 15 wt% or more, or 20 wt% or more. In another embodiment, the amount of refractive index modifier used relative to 100 wt% of the base polymer is, for example, less than 50 wt%. When the refractive index modifier is added at 50 wt% or more, it is advantageous to increase the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1, but the adhesive strength or optical properties are reduced, so it is desirable to add the refractive index modifier appropriately. Therefore, the amount of refractive index adjuster used relative to 100 wt% of the base polymer is desirably, for example, 45 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 20 wt% or less, or 15 wt% or less, or 10 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less, or 3 wt% or less.

[0083] In one embodiment, the refractive index control agent includes an organic compound having an aromatic ring. One or more substituents are bonded to the aromatic ring. In another embodiment, the aromatic ring may not have a substituent. When the aromatic ring has a substituent, the substituent may include, but is not limited to, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine), a hydroxyalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyloxy group, and a glycidyloxy group. In a carbon atom-containing substituent, the number of carbon atoms contained in the substituent is, for example, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3, or 1 or 2. For example, the aromatic ring is an aromatic substance that has no substituent or has one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a halogen atom (e.g., a bromine atom).

[0084] [Chemical formula group 1] JPEG2026026049000003.jpg17170

[0085] The above Chemical Formula 1 group is a group of chemical formulas showing a plurality of compounds as an example of a refractive index control agent. The refractive index control agent may include at least one of the following substances: 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene, 6-acryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-methacryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 5-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-vinyldinaphthothiophene, 5-vinyldinaphthothiophene, and 2,12-diaryloxydinaphthothiophene.

[0086] 3, the second adhesive layer ADL2 is interposed between the second phase retardation layer 540 and the first protective layer 530. The second adhesive layer ADL2 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA). For example, the second adhesive layer ADL2 is an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0087] In one embodiment, the refractive index of the second adhesive layer ADL2 is about 1.5 or less. More specifically, the refractive index of the second adhesive layer ADL2 is about 1.49 or less, or about 1.48 or less, or about 1.47 or less. In other words, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 is higher than the refractive index of the second adhesive layer ADL2. Because the second adhesive layer ADL2 is located on top of the first phase retardation layer 520, as described above, it does not affect the interfacial reflection of light passing through the first phase retardation layer 520. Therefore, the second adhesive layer ADL2 can be made of a well-known adhesive material, for example, a material with a refractive index of about 1.5 or less. That is, as shown in the example of FIG. 6, the second adhesive layer ADL2 is not in contact with the first phase retardation layer 520, and therefore, there is no need to consider interfacial reflection due to the difference in refractive index between the second adhesive layer ADL2 and the first phase retardation layer 520.

[0088] The first protective layer 530 and the second protective layer 550 are disposed on one side and the other side of the polarizing layer 510, respectively. The first protective layer 530 is disposed on the lower surface of the polarizing layer 510, and the second protective layer 550 is disposed on the upper surface of the polarizing layer 510. The first protective layer 530 and the second protective layer 550 support the polarizing layer 510 and complement the mechanical strength of the polarizing layer 510. The first protective layer 530 and the second protective layer 550 may include triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cycloolefin polymer, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.

[0089] The hard coat layer HC is intended to protect the structure of the polarizing film 20 from external impacts, and is disposed on the top of the polarizing film 20. The hard coat layer HC has a scratch prevention function and a strength of approximately 9H.

[0090] FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing film 20'' according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] The layer structure of the polarizing film 20'' in FIG. 7 is the same as that of the polarizing film 20 in FIG. 3 described above. However, in the polarizing film 20'' in FIG. 7, the first adhesive layer ADL1 contains a refractive index control agent in a base polymer, as described above, and may further contain a UV-curable material. The first adhesive layer ADL1 is a UV-curable adhesive (Optically Clear Resin, OCR). Other than that, the configuration of the first adhesive layer ADL1 and the other layers is the same as that of the polarizing film 20 in FIG. 3 described above, and therefore, redundant description will be omitted.

[0092] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a part of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0093] 8, the display device includes a substrate 100, thin film transistors T1 and T2 disposed on the substrate 100, and an organic light emitting diode 300 electrically connected to the thin film transistors T1 and T2. The organic light emitting display device further includes various insulating layers 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, and 119, and a storage capacitor Cst.

[0094] The substrate 100 may be formed of various materials such as glass, metal, or plastic. According to one embodiment, the substrate 100 is a flexible substrate, and may include a polymer resin such as polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), or cellulose acetate propionate (CAP).

[0095] The buffer layer 111 is located on the substrate 100 and can reduce or block the penetration of foreign matter, moisture, or external air from underneath the substrate 100, and provides a flat surface on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 111 includes an inorganic material such as an oxide or a nitride, an organic material, or an organic-inorganic composite, and has a single layer or multilayer structure of an inorganic material and an organic material. A barrier layer (not shown) that blocks the penetration of external air is further included between the substrate 100 and the buffer layer 111. In some embodiments, the buffer layer 111 is made of silicon oxide (SiO2) or silicon nitride (SiN X) are provided. A first thin film transistor T1 and / or a second thin film transistor T2 are disposed on the buffer layer 111. The first thin film transistor T1 includes a semiconductor layer A1, a gate electrode G1, a source electrode S1, and a drain electrode D1, and the second thin film transistor T2 includes a semiconductor layer A2, a gate electrode G2, a source electrode S2, and a drain electrode D2. The first thin film transistor T1 is connected to the organic light emitting diode 300 and functions as a driving thin film transistor for driving the organic light emitting diode 300. The second thin film transistor T2 is connected to the data line DL and functions as a switching thin film transistor. Although two thin film transistors are shown in the drawings, the number is not limited thereto. The number of thin film transistors may vary, for example, from one to seven.

[0096] The semiconductor layers A1 and A2 may include amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon. In another embodiment, the semiconductor layers A1 and A2 may include an oxide of at least one material selected from the group consisting of indium (In), gallium (Ga), stennium (Sn), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), hafnium (Hf), cadmium (Cd), germanium (Ge), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn). The semiconductor layers A1 and A2 may include a channel region and impurity-doped source and drain regions.

[0097] Gate electrodes G1 and G2 are disposed on the semiconductor layers A1 and A2 via a first gate insulating layer 112. The gate electrodes G1 and G2 are formed as a single layer or multiple layers containing molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), etc. As an example, the gate electrodes G1 and G2 are single layers of Mo.

[0098] The first gate insulating layer 112 is made of silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), hafnium oxide (HfO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO2).

[0099] A second gate insulating layer 113 is provided to cover the gate electrodes G1 and G2. The second gate insulating layer 113 is made of silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), hafnium oxide (HfO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO2).

[0100] The first storage electrode CE1 of the storage capacitor Cst overlaps the first thin film transistor T1. For example, the gate electrode G1 of the first thin film transistor T1 may function as the first storage electrode CE1 of the storage capacitor Cst. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The storage capacitor Cst does not overlap the first thin film transistor T1 but is spaced apart from the thin film transistors T1 and T2.

[0101] The second storage electrode CE2 of the storage capacitor Cst overlaps the first storage electrode CE1 via the second gate insulating layer 113. In this case, the second gate insulating layer 113 functions as a dielectric layer of the storage capacitor Cst. The second storage electrode CE2 includes a conductive material such as molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or titanium (Ti), and is formed of a single layer or multilayer including the above materials. For example, the second storage electrode CE2 is a single layer of Mo or a multilayer of Mo / Al / Mo.

[0102] The interlayer insulating layer 115 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 100 to cover the second storage electrode CE2. The interlayer insulating layer 115 is made of silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), hafnium oxide (HfO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO2).

[0103] The source electrodes S1 and S2 and the drain electrodes D1 and D2 are disposed on the interlayer insulating layer 115. The source electrodes S1 and S2 and the drain electrodes D1 and D2 include conductive materials such as molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), etc., and are formed of a multilayer or single layer containing the above materials. As an example, the source electrodes S1 and S2 and the drain electrodes D1 and D2 have a Ti / Al / Ti multilayer structure.

[0104] A planarization layer 118 is positioned on the source electrodes S1 and S2 and the drain electrodes D1 and D2, and an organic light emitting diode 300 is positioned on the planarization layer 118. The organic light emitting diode 300 may include a first electrode 310, an intermediate layer 320 including an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode 330.

[0105] The planarization layer 118 has a flat upper surface so that the first electrode 310 can be formed flat. The planarization layer 118 is made of a single layer or multiple layers of a film made of an organic or inorganic material. Examples of such planarization layer 118 include polymer derivatives having a phenolic group, such as BCB, polyimide, HMDSO, PMMA, and PS, acrylic polymers, imide polymers, aryl ether polymers, amide polymers, fluorine polymers, p-xylene polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers, and blends thereof. On the other hand, the planarization layer 118 can be made of silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), hafnium oxide (HfO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO2), etc. After forming the planarization layer 118, chemical mechanical polishing is performed to provide a flat upper surface.

[0106] The planarization layer 118 has an opening that exposes either the source electrode S1 or the drain electrode D1 of the first thin film transistor T1, and the first electrode 310 contacts the source electrode S1 or the drain electrode D1 through the opening and is electrically connected to the first thin film transistor T1.

[0107] The first electrode 310 includes a conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In2O3), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In one embodiment, the first electrode 310 includes a reflective film including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the first electrode 310 may further include films of ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In2O3 above and below the reflective film. For example, the first electrode 310 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. For example, the first electrode 310 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0108] A pixel defining layer 119 is disposed on the first electrode 310. The pixel defining layer 119 has an opening 119OP corresponding to each subpixel, i.e., an opening 119OP that exposes at least the center of the first electrode 310, thereby defining a pixel. The pixel defining layer 119 also extends the distance between the edge of the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 330, thereby preventing arcing or the like from occurring between them. The pixel defining layer 119 is formed of an organic material, such as polyimide or HMDSO.

[0109] Spacers (not shown) are disposed on the pixel defining layer 119. The spacers are intended to prevent the mask from being pierced during a masking process required for forming the intermediate layer 320 of the organic light emitting diode 300. The spacers are made of an organic material such as polyimide or HMDSO. The spacers may be formed simultaneously with the pixel defining layer 119 using the same material. In this case, a half-tone mask is used.

[0110] The intermediate layer 320 of the organic light-emitting diode 300 includes an organic light-emitting layer (EML). The organic light-emitting layer includes an organic material containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent material that emits red, green, blue, or white light. The organic light-emitting layer is a low-molecular-weight organic material or a high-molecular-weight organic material. Functional layers such as a hole transport layer (HTL), a hole injection layer (HIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL) may be optionally disposed above and below the organic light-emitting layer. The intermediate layer 320 is disposed corresponding to each of the first electrodes 310. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The intermediate layer 320 may be variously modified, such as including a single layer across the first electrodes 310.

[0111] The second electrode 330 is a translucent electrode or a reflective electrode. In some embodiments, the second electrode 330 is a transparent or semi-transparent electrode and may be made of a thin metal film with a low work function, such as Li, Ca, LiF / Ca, LiF / Al, Al, Ag, Mg, or a combination thereof. A transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film, such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In2O3, may be disposed on the thin metal film. The second electrode 330 is disposed across the display area DA and peripheral area PA described above with reference to FIG. 1 and is disposed on the intermediate layer 320 and the pixel defining film 119. The second electrode 330 is integrally formed with the plurality of organic light emitting diodes 300 and corresponds to the plurality of first electrodes 310.

[0112] A thin film encapsulation layer 400 that seals the display area DA is further included on the organic light emitting diode 300. The thin film encapsulation layer 400 covers the display area DA and serves to protect the organic light emitting diode 300 from external moisture and oxygen. The thin film encapsulation layer 400 may include a first inorganic encapsulation layer 410, an organic encapsulation layer 420, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 430.

[0113] The first inorganic sealing layer 410 covers the second electrode 330 and includes ceramic, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, metal oxynitride, indium oxide (In2O3), tin oxide (SnO2), indium tin oxide (ITO), silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and / or silicon oxynitride, etc. Of course, other layers, such as a capping layer, may be interposed between the first inorganic sealing layer 410 and the second electrode 330 as needed. Since the first inorganic sealing layer 410 is formed along the underlying structure, its upper surface is not flat, as shown in FIG.

[0114] The organic encapsulating layer 420 covers the first inorganic encapsulating layer 410, but may have an approximately flat upper surface, unlike the first inorganic encapsulating layer 410. Specifically, the organic encapsulating layer 420 may have an approximately flat upper surface in a portion corresponding to the display area DA. The organic encapsulating layer 420 may include one or more materials selected from the group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic acid, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, and hexamethyldisiloxane.

[0115] The second inorganic encapsulation layer 430 covers the organic encapsulation layer 420 and includes ceramic, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, metal oxynitride, indium oxide (In2O3), tin oxide (SnO2), indium tin oxide (ITO), silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and / or silicon oxynitride, etc. The second inorganic encapsulation layer 430 contacts the first inorganic encapsulation layer 410 at its edge located outside the display area DA, thereby preventing the organic encapsulation layer 420 from being exposed to the outside.

[0116] As described above, the thin film encapsulation layer 400 includes a first inorganic encapsulation layer 410, an organic encapsulation layer 420, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 430. Due to this multi-layer structure, even if cracks occur within the thin film encapsulation layer 400, the cracks can be prevented from connecting between the first inorganic encapsulation layer 410 and the organic encapsulation layer 420 or between the organic encapsulation layer 420 and the second inorganic encapsulation layer 430. This can prevent or minimize the formation of a path through which moisture or oxygen from the outside can penetrate into the display area DA.

[0117] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the thin film encapsulation layer 400 is used as an encapsulation member for encapsulating the organic light emitting diode 300, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a encapsulation substrate that is bonded to the substrate 100 by a sealant or frit may be used as an encapsulation member for encapsulating the organic light emitting diode 300.

[0118] In this embodiment, a polarizing film 20 for improving outdoor visibility is disposed on the thin film encapsulation layer 400 or on the encapsulation substrate. A third adhesive layer 12 may be further disposed between the thin film encapsulation layer 400 and the polarizing film 20, as described with reference to FIG. 2.

[0119] As described with reference to FIG. 3, the polarizing film 20 may include a polarizing layer 510, a first phase retardation layer 520, a second phase retardation layer 540, a first protective layer 530, a second protective layer 550, a hard coat layer HC, a first adhesive layer ADL1 interposed between the first phase retardation layer 520 and the second phase retardation layer 540, and a second adhesive layer ADL2 disposed on the second phase retardation layer 540.

[0120] Various functional layers such as a touch screen layer, a window, etc. may be further included on top of the thin film encapsulation layer 400, for example, on the polarizing film 20, and a capping layer for improving light efficiency may be further included between the second electrode 330 and the thin film encapsulation layer 400.

[0121] Table 1 below compares the defective rates of examples and comparative examples that employ a polarizing film according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0122] [Table 1]

[0123] In Table 1, the display device of the example employs the polarizing film 20 described above in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6 and includes a first adhesive layer ADL1 containing a high refractive index refractive index modifier. Therefore, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer ADL1 included in the example is approximately 1.58, which is within the range of approximately 1.55 to 2.0 within the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, the display device of the comparative example employs a polarizing film having the same laminate structure as the polarizing films 20 and 20′ described above in FIGS. 3 to 6 but including a first adhesive layer that does not contain a refractive index modifier. The first adhesive layer of the comparative example does not contain a refractive index modifier and therefore has a lower refractive index than the first adhesive layer ADL1 of the example. Therefore, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer included in the comparative example is approximately 1.47.

[0124] As shown in the experimental results in Table 1, in the comparative example, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer differs from the refractive index of the first and second phase delay layers (e.g., about 1.6 to 1.7) located above and below the first adhesive layer. This refractive index difference causes interfacial reflection, resulting in a defect rate of 50% or more. In contrast, in the case of the first adhesive layer ADL1 according to one embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index is between about 1.55 and 2.0, which is the same or very similar to the refractive index of the first and second phase delay layers (e.g., about 1.6 to 1.7) located above and below the first adhesive layer. This results in almost no interfacial reflection due to the refractive index difference, and no defects such as mura (blemishes). In other words, the comparative example had a 59% incidence rate of strong, medium, and weak mura, while the example had a 0% incidence rate, demonstrating that interfacial reflection was successfully suppressed in the example.

[0125] Although the above description has been mainly focused on display devices, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a method for manufacturing such a display device can also be said to fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0126] One or more embodiments disclosed herein provide an electronic device including a display device according to one or more of the above-described embodiments.

[0127] In one embodiment, the electronic device is a smartphone, a television, a monitor, a tablet, an electric vehicle, a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a mobile communication terminal, a laptop, an e-book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC), a laptop, an electronic signage, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a smart watch, a watch phone, and / or a head-mounted display (HMD).

[0128] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, these are merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and equivalent embodiments are possible. Therefore, the true technical scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] 10 Display panel 20, 20', 20'' polarizing film 510 Polarizing layer 520 First phase retardation layer 540 Second Phase Retardation Layer 530 1st protective layer 550 2nd protective layer ADL1 1st adhesive layer ADL2 2nd adhesive layer

Claims

1. a display panel including a display element; a polarizing film positioned on the display panel, The polarizing film is a first phase retardation layer; a second phase retardation layer disposed on the first phase retardation layer; a first adhesive layer interposed between the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer; a second adhesive layer disposed on the second phase retardation layer; a first protective layer disposed on the second adhesive layer; a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer; a polarizing layer interposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, The first adhesive layer has a refractive index of 1.55 to 1.

7.

2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the first adhesive layer has a thickness of 5 μm to 10 μm.

3. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first phase retardation layer includes a quarter-wave plate (QWP), and the second phase retardation layer includes a half-wave plate (HWP).

4. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first phase retardation layer comprises a positive C-plate, and the second phase retardation layer comprises a half-wave plate (HWP).

5. The first phase retardation layer includes a positive A plate, and the second phase retardation layer includes a negative A plate; The display device of claim 1 , further comprising: the first adhesive layer disposed on one surface of the first phase retardation layer; and a phase compensation layer disposed on the other surface of the first phase retardation layer.

6. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the first phase retardation layer comprises a positive C-plate.

7. the first adhesive layer includes a base polymer and a refractive index modifier, and the refractive index modifier includes a compound having an aromatic ring; 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the refractive index adjuster is 1.55 to 2.

0.

8. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the refractive index adjuster comprises at least one of substances consisting of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene, 6-acryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-methacryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 5-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-vinyldinaphthothiophene, 5-vinyldinaphthothiophene, and 2,12-diaryloxydinaphthothiophene.

9. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the first adhesive layer has a higher refractive index than the second adhesive layer.

10. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer is between 1.6 and 1.

7.

11. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the first adhesive layer further comprises a UV-curable material.

12. a first phase retardation layer; a second phase retardation layer disposed on the first phase retardation layer; a first adhesive layer interposed between the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer; a second adhesive layer disposed on the second phase retardation layer; a first protective layer disposed on the second adhesive layer; a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer; a polarizing layer interposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, A polarizing film, wherein the refractive index of the first adhesive layer is 1.55 to 1.

7.

13. The polarizing film according to claim 12 , wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a base polymer and a refractive index modifier, and the refractive index modifier comprises a compound having an aromatic ring.

14. The polarizing film according to claim 13, wherein the refractive index of the refractive index adjuster is 1.55 to 2.

0.

15. 15. The polarized film of claim 14, wherein the refractive index adjuster comprises at least one of the following substances: 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene, 6-acryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-methacryloyloxymethyldinaphthothiophene, 5-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-acryloyloxyethyldinaphthothiophene, 6-vinyldinaphthothiophene, 5-vinyldinaphthothiophene, and 2,12-diaryloxydinaphthothiophene.

16. The polarizing film of claim 12 , wherein the first adhesive layer has a higher refractive index than the second adhesive layer.

17. The polarizing film of claim 12, wherein the refractive index of the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer is 1.6 to 1.

7.

18. The polarizing film of claim 12 , wherein the first adhesive layer further comprises a UV-curable material.

19. In an electronic device including a display device, The display device includes: a display panel including a display element; a polarizing film disposed on the display panel; The polarizing film is a first phase retardation layer; a second phase retardation layer disposed on the first phase retardation layer; a first adhesive layer interposed between the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer; a second adhesive layer disposed on the second phase retardation layer; a first protective layer disposed on the second adhesive layer; a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer; a polarizing layer interposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, The refractive index of the first adhesive layer is 1.55 to 1.

7.

20. 20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein the electronic device is any one of a smartphone, a television, a monitor, a tablet, an electric vehicle, a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a mobile communication terminal, a notebook computer, an e-book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC), a notebook computer, an electronic signage, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a smart watch, a watch phone, or a head-mounted display (HMD).

Images