Outer hood member

Abstract

To prolong the life of an awning by improving durability against displacement without excessively increasing rigidity.SOLUTION: A plurality of outer bellows members 1 are arranged along an outer peripheral surface of the rolling stock between the mutually connected rolling stocks, and form an outer bellows for covering a connecting part between the rolling stocks. The outer hood member 1 includes the plate-shaped base portion 10 and the first rib 20 protruding from the side surface of the base portion 10 in the direction orthogonal to the side surface and extending in the front-rear direction, which is the traveling direction of the railway vehicle, and the first rib 20 has a non-linear shape having the displacement portion 21 that is displaced in the vertical direction, which is the surface direction of the side surface and the direction orthogonal to the front-rear direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an outer hood member provided to cover a coupling portion between cars in the same train formation of a railway vehicle, such as a Shinkansen. [Background technology]

[0002] The outer covers installed at the joints between railway cars are formed by, for example, attaching multiple sheet-like outer cover members continuously along the outer surface of the railway car. The formation of the outer covers reduces air resistance and aerodynamic noise at the joints, leading to a reduction in noise. However, when a railroad vehicle travels at high speed, a pressure difference occurs between the inside and outside of the outer hood, causing the outer hood members to displace out of plane. Furthermore, when traveling around a curve, if the distance between the railroad cars changes between the right and left sides of the vehicle in the direction of travel, the outer hood members will also deform accordingly. Repeated deformations like this will cause the outer hood members to deteriorate. Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a split hood body that has a multi-layer structure consisting of an outer sheet, an inner sheet, and a polymer synthetic sponge body placed and bonded between the two sheets, thereby giving it stretch-recovery properties and stretch-durability. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-268604 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Even when the outer hood member of Patent Document 1 was used, cracks and the like were easily formed on the surface due to insufficient ability to follow repeated expansion and contraction deformations when assembled to a railway vehicle. Measures to prevent cracks and the like could be considered to increase the rigidity of the outer hood member, but increasing the rigidity of the outer hood could affect the behavior of the railway vehicle itself, and there was a limit to how much the rigidity could be increased.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide an outer hood member that can improve durability against displacement without excessively increasing rigidity, thereby extending the life of the hood. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides an outer hood member that is arranged along the outer circumferential surface of railway cars to be coupled to each other and forms an outer hood covering a coupling portion between the railway cars, A plate-shaped base material; a first rib that protrudes from one surface of the base material portion in a direction perpendicular to the surface and extends in the running direction of the railway vehicle; The first rib is characterized in that it has a non-linear shape having at least one displacement portion that is displaced in the one surface direction and in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the first rib has a plurality of the displacement portions. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the first ribs are arranged in parallel in the perpendicular direction, and the displacement portions of each of the first ribs adjacent to each other in the perpendicular direction face each other. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, there is provided a connection portion that connects the first ribs adjacent to each other in the orthogonal direction. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the connection portion is a second rib, and each of the first ribs adjacent to each other in the perpendicular direction is connected to each other via the second rib that connects the displacement portions facing each other. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the displacement portions facing each other are displaced at the same angle. The term "same angle" here naturally means that the angles are identical, and some degree of error is permitted. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the protruding height of the first rib is lower at an intermediate portion than at front and rear end portions in the running direction. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the protruding height of the first rib is lowest at a central portion in the running direction. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the intermediate portion of the base portion bulges out toward the opposite side of the one surface. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the thickness of the first rib is greater at an intermediate portion than at front and rear end portions in the running direction. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above-described configuration, the cross-sectional areas of the vertices of the displacement portions of the first ribs are equal to each other. The term "equal" here naturally allows for some degree of error when the cross-sectional areas are the same. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the width of the base material portion in the orthogonal direction is larger at an intermediate portion than at front and rear end portions in the running direction. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the distance between at least one pair of adjacent first ribs in the perpendicular direction is larger in the middle portion than at the front and rear ends in the running direction. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, at least a surface of the base member opposite to a surface on which the first rib is provided is covered with a skin. In another aspect of the present disclosure, in the above configuration, metal fittings for attachment to the railway vehicle are provided on front and rear end surfaces of the base material in the running direction, The skin extends over the end surface and overlaps the outer surface of the mounting fixture. Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for manufacturing a vehicle having the above-described configuration, wherein the base member has a pair of end edges extending in the running direction, and each end edge has a wall portion formed thereon that protrudes in a protruding direction of the first rib and extends in the running direction, The projecting end of one of the wall portions is provided with a tongue portion projecting in the perpendicular direction. In another aspect of the present disclosure, in the above configuration, the first rib has a wave shape in which the displacement portions are alternately displaced in the orthogonal direction to have vertices, The apex of one of the displacement portions of the first rib positioned outermost in the orthogonal direction is located at the center of the base portion in the running direction.

[0007] Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the base material portion is a horizontally elongated rectangle, and the four sides of the base material portion are provided with a pair of long wall portions that protrude in the protruding direction of the first rib and extend in the running direction, and a pair of short wall portions that protrude in the protruding direction of the first rib and extend in the perpendicular direction, and both ends of the first rib extend to each of the short wall portions. Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the base material portion has a base material surrounding portion surrounded by a pair of the first ribs adjacent in the perpendicular direction and a pair of the connection portions adjacent in the running direction, and the thickness of the base material portion in the base material surrounding portion is smaller in the central portion than in both end portions in at least one planar direction of the base material surrounding portion. Here, the "plane direction" refers to a 360° direction along the surface of the substrate in the substrate enclosure, and does not include a direction intersecting (including perpendicular to) the inner surface of the substrate enclosure. In another aspect of the present disclosure, in the above configuration, when the surface direction is the running direction, and the thickness of the central portion of the substrate surrounding portion in the running direction is Z1 and the thickness of both end portions is Z2, Z1:Z2=1.0:1.1~1.0:3.0 The relationship is as follows: Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the protruding height of the first rib is the same over the entire length in the running direction. Here, "same height" not only means that the height literally does not change, but also allows for a case where there is a slight error (inclination or unevenness) that can be considered to be the same height (approximately the same height). Another aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the base material portion is flat over the entire length in the running direction. Here, "flat" refers not only to a case where the object is literally flat, but also to a case where there is some error (inclination or unevenness) that allows the object to be regarded as flat. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present disclosure, by providing the base material with a non-linear first rib with a displacement portion, the outer hood member can follow without breakage when it stretches in the direction of travel on the outside of a curve while the railroad vehicle is traveling. This improves durability against displacement without excessively increasing rigidity, thereby extending the life of the hood. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the first rib has multiple displacement portions, which prevents stress from concentrating on the first rib and causing damage when the outer hood member extends in the traveling direction. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the displacement portions of each adjacent first rib in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction face each other, thereby improving the rigidity of the outer hood member while making the displacement of each first rib uniform. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, there are connecting portions that connect adjacent first ribs to each other in the perpendicular direction, thereby preventing the first ribs from falling in the perpendicular direction when the outer hood member is displaced in the out-of-plane direction. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the connecting portion is a second rib, and adjacent first ribs in the perpendicular direction are connected to each other via second ribs that connect opposing displacement portions, so that the first rib and the second rib form an approximately honeycomb shape, making rigidity uniform and effectively suppressing displacement in the out-of-plane direction. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the opposing displacement portions are displaced at the same angle, so that the areas including the displacement portions aligned in the perpendicular direction are displaced by the same amount, thereby preventing local deformation. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the protruding height of the first rib is lower at the middle portion than at the front and rear ends in the traveling direction, so that when the outer hood member is compressed in the traveling direction, the middle portion is deformed to bend outward, thereby unifying the deformation direction. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the protruding height of the first rib is lowest at the center in the direction of travel, so that when bending, the center always deforms outward, preventing interference with cables, etc. inside the railway vehicle. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the intermediate portion of the base material is bulged outward from one side to the other, which can induce outward deformation when the outer hood member is bent. Also, the base material can easily follow the movement when the outer hood member is stretched in the direction of travel. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the thickness of the first rib is greater at the middle portion than at the front and rear ends in the traveling direction, so that rigidity can be unified even if the height of the first rib changes. If the height of the first rib does not change, the rigidity of the middle portion, which has fewer restraining points than the front and rear ends in the traveling direction, tends to be lower. Therefore, by making the thickness of the first rib greater at the middle portion than at the front and rear ends in the traveling direction, rigidity in the traveling direction can be more unified, which is effective in terms of uniforming the amount of deformation of the entire outer hood member. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the cross-sectional areas at the vertices of each displacement portion of the first rib are equal to each other, so that the cross-sectional areas can be made uniform even if the height of the first rib changes, thereby achieving uniform rigidity. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the width of the base material portion in the perpendicular direction is larger at the middle portion than at the front and rear ends in the running direction, so that when extended in the running direction, gaps are less likely to occur between adjacent outer hood members in the perpendicular direction. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the spacing between at least one pair of adjacent first ribs in the perpendicular direction is larger in the middle portion than at the front and rear ends in the running direction, so that when stretched in the running direction, the spacing between the pair of adjacent first ribs in the perpendicular direction approaches equal spacing, which contributes to uniform displacement. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, at least the surface of the base material opposite to the surface on which the first rib is provided is covered with a skin, and the properties of the skin can provide weather resistance and flame retardancy. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the skin extends to the end surface and overlaps the outer surface of the mounting bracket, so that even if the mounting bracket peels off from the base material due to poor adhesion or the like, the overlapping portion of the skin can prevent the outer hood member from falling off the railway vehicle. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, a tongue portion protruding in a perpendicular direction is provided at the protruding end of one of the wall portions provided on the base material portion, and by joining the tongue portion to the wall portion of an adjacent outer hood member, the integrity of the outer hood members can be enhanced. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the apex of the displacement portion 1 in the first rib located outermost in the perpendicular direction is located in the center of the running direction of the base material portion, so that the outer hood member is more likely to deform toward the outside when compressed in the running direction.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, both ends of the first rib extend to each short wall portion, thereby dispersing and equalizing strain in the front-to-rear direction, leading to the alleviation and dispersion of strain near the short wall portions, which tend to be highly rigid. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the thickness of the substrate in the substrate enclosure is made smaller at the center than at the ends, so that the entire substrate enclosure can resist deformation and prevent sagging due to its own weight, thereby preventing the substrate enclosure from lifting up and deteriorating the appearance of the outer surface. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the thickness Z1 of the central portion of the substrate enclosing portion in the running direction and the thickness Z2 of both end portions are in the relationship Z1:Z2 = 1.0:1.1 to 1.0:3.0, so that the relationship between the thicknesses Z1 and Z2 can be appropriately set, which is more effective in preventing sagging due to its own weight. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the protruding height of the first rib is the same over the entire length in the running direction, so that strain is distributed and uniform between the front and rear directions during deformation, making it less likely that bending points will occur, and thus preventing deterioration of durability can be expected. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the above effects, the base material portion is flat over the entire length in the running direction, which reduces air resistance during running and prevents the concentration of strain and the occurrence of bending points during deformation. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. [Figure 2] This is a side view of the outer hood member seen from the right side. [Figure 3] FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of an area E1. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a side view of the outer hood member of modified example 1, seen from the right side. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an outer hood member according to a second modified example. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a side view of the outer hood member of modified example 2, seen from the right side. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a plan view of the outer hood member of the second modified example. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a rear view of the outer hood member of modified example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an outer hood member. The X direction shown in Fig. 1 is the running direction of the railway vehicle, the Y direction is the direction along the outer circumferential surface of the railway vehicle, and the Z direction is the thickness direction. For ease of explanation, the X direction is the front-to-rear direction with the lower left side of Fig. 1 being the rear, the Y direction is the up-down direction with the upper side of Fig. 1 being the top, and the Z direction is the left-to-right direction with the upper left side of Fig. 1 being the left. Therefore, Fig. 2 is a side view of the outer hood member 1 as seen from the right side, Fig. 3 is a plan view of the outer hood member 1 as seen from above in the Y direction, and Fig. 4 is a rear view of the outer hood member 1 as seen from the rear side in the X direction. As shown in FIG. 5 , the outer hood member 1 has a three-layer structure including a core 2 and an inner skin 3 and an outer skin 4, which are vulcanization-bonded to the inner (right) and outer (left) surfaces of the core 2, respectively. The outer skin 4 covers the front, rear, top, and bottom end surfaces of the core 2. The inner skin 3 also covers the right end surface of the core 2. The core 2 is made of a durable material, such as natural rubber (NR). The inner skin 3 and outer skin 4 are made of a weather-resistant and flame-retardant material, such as chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM). By providing durability to the core 2 and weather-resistant and flame-retardant properties to the inner skin 3 and outer skin 4, functional separation is possible. Furthermore, by using a material such as NR that is easily restored for the core 2, the inner skin 3 and outer skin 4 can be restored together, even if they are made of a less easily restored material such as CSM. The inner skin 3 and outer skin 4 are examples of skins disclosed herein.

[0012] The outer hood member 1 has a plate-shaped base material 10 that is rectangular in side view. A pair of long wall portions 11, 11 extending in the front-to-rear direction and a pair of short wall portions 12, 12 extending in the up-down direction are formed on the four sides of the base material 10, each rising to the right side. The long wall portion 11 is an example of a wall portion in the present disclosure. The two upper and lower sides of the base material 10 on which the long wall portions 11, 11 are provided are an example of a pair of end edges of the base material in the present disclosure. However, the middle portion of the base material 10 bulges outward in a curved shape to the left, as shown in Figures 3 and 5. The width of the base material 10 in the vertical direction gradually increases from the front and rear ends toward the center, as shown in Figure 2, and is drum-shaped in side view, with the center portion being the widest. Therefore, the long wall portions 11, 11 also have curved shapes with their middle portions bulging out upward and downward to match the vertical width of the base material 10. Each long wall portion 11 is formed so that its front and rear ends are highest and gradually decrease in height from the front and rear ends toward the center, with the center portion being the lowest. Note that the curvature of the curved change of the long wall portion 11 is smaller than the curvature of the curved bulge of the base material portion 10 to the left. A tongue portion 5 protruding downward is formed at the edge of the lower long wall portion 11 by bonding together excess lengths of the inner skin 3 and outer skin 4. However, the excess length of the outer skin 4 is longer than that of the inner skin 3, and the lower portion of the tongue portion 5 is formed only by the outer skin 4. Each short wall portion 12 is formed to the same height as the maximum height of the long wall portion 11 over its entire vertical length.

[0013] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, each short wall section 12 is provided with a mounting bracket 13 for mounting to a railway vehicle. Each mounting bracket 13 is a rectangular frame plate extending in the vertical direction, and a pair of cap nuts 14, 14 are provided side by side at the top, bottom, and middle sections. Each mounting bracket 13 is integrally molded with the front and rear surfaces of the core material 2 that forms the short wall section 12. The outer skin 4 that covers the front and rear surfaces of the short wall section 12 extends to have a vertical overlapping portion 6 that overlaps the left long side of the mounting bracket 13 shown by the dotted line in Figure 4, and left and right overlapping portions 7, 7 that are continuous with the top and bottom of the overlapping portion 6 and overlap the top and bottom short sides of the mounting bracket 13 also shown by the dotted line in Figure 4, leaving only a portion of the mounting bracket 13, including the cap nuts 14, exposed on the front and rear surfaces.

[0014] Four first ribs 20, 20... are formed on the right side surface of the base material 10 so as to rise to the right. The right side surface is an example of one surface of the base material in the present disclosure. The right direction is an example of a direction perpendicular to the surface in the present disclosure. Each first rib 20 is a plate-like member extending in the front-rear direction, but has a non-linear shape with a plurality of displacement portions 21, 21... that are mountain-shaped in side view and displaced alternately in the up-down direction. However, the displacement portions 21, 21 of adjacent first ribs 20, 20 in the up-down direction are oriented upside down. Each displacement portion 21 includes an arc-shaped vertex portion 22 and a pair of oblique sides 23, 23 extending in an inclined linear fashion continuously from both sides of the vertex portion 22. The vertex portion 22 is an example of the vertex of a displacement portion of the present disclosure. The first rib 20 has the oblique sides 23, 23 of the displacement portions 21, 21 adjacent in the front-rear direction connected to each other, forming a wave shape in a side view. Hereinafter, when distinguishing between the first ribs 20, they will be assigned the reference numerals 20A to 20D from top to bottom.

[0015] The first ribs 20A, 20D located at the upper and lower ends are disposed adjacent to the long wall portions 11, 11, and the vertices 22 of the displacement portions 21 displaced toward the long wall portion 11 are connected to the long wall portion 11. Each displacement portion 21 (denoted by reference numeral 21' in FIG. 2 for distinction) at the center in the front-to-rear direction of the first ribs 20A, 20D is formed with its vertex 22 (denoted by reference numeral 22' in FIG. 2 for distinction) facing outward in the up-to-down direction (upward in the case of the first rib 20A, and downward in the case of the first rib 20D), and each vertex 22' is connected to the long wall portion 11 at the center in the front-to-rear direction of the base member 10. The displacement portion 21' is an example of a displacement portion of the present disclosure. The first ribs 20A, 20D also have curved shapes with their middle portions bulging out upward and downward to match the curved shapes of the long wall portions 11, 11. Halves of the displacement portions 21, 21 at both front and rear ends of the first ribs 20A, 20D are integrated with the corner portions 24 of the base portion 10, respectively. Of the two first ribs 20B, 20C disposed between the first ribs 20A, 20D, the first rib 20B has a curved shape in which its middle portion bulges downward, in the opposite direction to the bulging direction of the first rib 20A. That is, the vertical spacing between the first ribs 20A, 20B is larger at the middle portion than at the front and rear ends. The first rib 20C also has a curved shape in which its middle portion bulges upward, in the opposite direction to the bulging direction of the first rib 20D. That is, the vertical spacing between the first ribs 20C, 20D is also larger at the middle portion than at the front and rear ends. That is, the phases of the waveforms of the upper and lower first ribs 20, 20 are shifted and opposite to each other. The first ribs 20A, 20B and the first ribs 20C, 20D are each an example of a pair of first ribs adjacent in the orthogonal direction of the present disclosure.

[0016] Vertically adjacent first ribs 20 are connected via second ribs 25 formed by rising from the base material 10 to the right. The second rib 25 extends vertically between the displacement portions 21 of the vertically opposing first ribs 20, and connects the vertices 22 of the displacement portions 21 (more precisely, the vertices 22 that are the shortest distance in the vertical direction due to a phase shift). The second rib 25 is an example of a connecting portion in the present disclosure. Therefore, the first ribs 20, 20... and the second ribs 25, 25... form a generally honeycomb shape in which generally hexagons continue in the front-to-rear direction and in an oblique direction inclined from the up-to-down direction on the right side of the base material 10. Also, on the right side of the base material 10, a plurality of generally hexagonal base material surrounding portions 26 are formed, each surrounded by a pair of first ribs 20, 20 adjacent to each other in the up-to-down direction and a pair of second ribs 25, 25 adjacent to each other in the front-to-rear direction.

[0017] Each first rib 20 is not formed with the same thickness over its entire length in the front-to-rear direction, but has a thickness T1 that is greatest at the center in the front-to-rear direction, and gradually becomes thinner toward the front and rear, with the front and rear ends being the thinnest, as shown in Fig. 2. Each second rib 25 is also not formed with the same thickness, but has a thickness T2 that is greatest at the center in the front-to-rear direction, and gradually becomes thinner toward the front and rear, with the second ribs 25 at both front and rear ends being the thinnest, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. Similarly to the long wall portion 11, the rise of each first rib 20 and each second rib 25 from the base portion 10 is not uniform over the entire length in the front-to-rear direction, and as shown in Fig. 5, the rise is greatest at the front and rear ends connected to the short wall portion 12, gradually decreasing in a curved shape from each end toward the center, with the center being the lowest. In other words, the entire right end face of the honeycomb shape is a curved surface that is deeper at the center than at the front and rear ends. By changing the balance of the thickness and height of each first rib 20 in the front-to-back direction in this way, the cross-sectional area S at the vertex 22 of each displacement portion 21 of each first rib 20, excluding the second rib 25, is approximately equal across the front and back, as shown by the hatched line in Figure 6.

[0018] Furthermore, in the outer hood member 1, the honeycomb shape is divided into five hexagonal sections in the front-to-rear direction to define regions E1 to E5 separated by dashed lines as shown in Figure 2, and the shape of each displacement portion 21 is unified in each of the regions E1 to E5. This will be explained using region E1 as an example. Within region E1 shown in FIG. 7 , when imaginary lines VL, VL·· are defined in the vertical direction passing through the vertices 22 of the displacement portions 21 of each first rib 20, and the intersections of the imaginary lines VL, VL·· with the center lines CL, CL of the oblique sides 23, 23 of each displacement portion 21 are designated as P1 and P2, the distances D1 between the intersections P1-P2 of each first rib 20 are equal to each other. The distances D2 between the intersections P1-P2 of each first rib 20 are also equal to each other. Furthermore, when the angles formed by the imaginary line VL and each center line CL are designated as θ1 (the angle formed between the imaginary line VL and the first rib 21 on the outer side in the vehicle longitudinal direction) and θ2 (the angle formed between the imaginary line VL and the first rib 21 on the center side in the vehicle longitudinal direction), the angles θ1 of each first rib 20 are equal to each other. The angles θ2 of each first rib 20 are also equal to each other. Note that the distances D1 and D2 here are not the linear distance between P1 and P2 when viewed from the side, but the curved distance between P1 and P2 at the end faces of the first ribs 20A to 20D whose height changes in a curved manner in the front-to-rear direction. In this manner, the distances D1, the distances D2, the angles θ1, and the angles θ2 in each displacement portion 21 are set equal to each other in the other regions E2 to E5 as well.

[0019] The outer hood member 1 constructed as described above has the honeycomb shape with the first ribs 20 and second ribs 25 facing inward at the joint between the railway cars, and between adjacent outer hood members 1,1, the sides with and without the tongue portions 5 alternate, and the mounting fittings 13,13 on the short wall portions 12,12 at both the front and rear ends are fixed with bolts 31,31 to fixing fittings 30 provided along the outer periphery of the railway cars, as shown by the two-dot chain line in Figure 5. By fixing multiple of these in succession along the outer periphery of the railway cars, an outer hood that covers the outside of the joint is formed. At this time, the vertically bulging long wall portions 11, 11 are pressed against each other between adjacent outer hood members 1, 1, thereby increasing adhesion. In addition, the tongue portions 5 and the long wall portions 11 of a pair of adjacent outer hood members 1, 1 can be bonded or sewn together to increase the unity.

[0020] When a traveling railway vehicle turns a curve, the outer canopy member 1 on the inside of the curve is compressed in the longitudinal direction as the distance between the railway vehicles decreases, and the outer canopy member 1 on the outside of the curve is expanded in the longitudinal direction as the distance between the railway vehicles increases. When the outer hood member 1 is compressed in the front-to-rear direction, the height of each of the first ribs 20 and each of the second ribs 25 is lowest at the center, and in addition, the center of the base member 10 bulges out to the left, so the outer hood member 1 always deforms (bends) toward the outside of the outer hood. At this time, each of the second ribs 25 suppresses the collapse of each of the first ribs 20 in the vertical direction, and acts to distribute the force with each hexagon of the honeycomb shape. In addition, here, the vertex portions 22' of the displacement portions 21' at the center of the longitudinal direction of the first ribs 20A, 20D located at the outermost positions in the vertical direction are located in the center of the longitudinal direction of the base material portion 10 and face outward in the vertical direction, so that stress is concentrated in the center in the longitudinal direction, making it easier for the outer hood to deform toward the outside at that center portion. In this way, when compressed in the longitudinal direction, the outer hood member 1 is displaced in the out-of-plane direction, so that interference with cables and the like arranged inside the railway vehicle can be avoided. When the outer hood member 1 is extended in the front-to-rear direction, the outer hood member 1 becomes slightly smaller in the vertical direction. However, since the long wall portions 11, 11, which originally bulge outward in the vertical direction, are in close contact with each other, the abutting state of the long wall portions 11, 11 is relatively easily maintained even when the outer hood member 1 becomes smaller in the vertical direction. Therefore, gaps are less likely to occur between the outer hood members 1, 1. Furthermore, even if a gap does occur between the outer hood members 1, 1, the tongue portion 5 can fill the gap as much as possible. In particular, the outer hood member 1 is formed with a first rib 20 having a displacement portion 21 in the front-rear direction, so that even if the distance between the railway cars increases, the outer hood member 1 can be displaced in the front-rear direction to follow this.

[0021] In the outer hood member 1, the height and thickness of the first rib 20 and second rib 25, the angle of the oblique side 23 of the displacement portion 21, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the apex 22 are set for each of the regions E1 to E5, thereby unifying the rigidity of each of the regions E1 to E5. Therefore, whether the displacement is compression or extension in the fore-and-aft direction, the amount of displacement is uniform in each of the regions E1 to E5. This makes it difficult for localized deformation to occur in the outer hood member 1, and prevents damage due to stress concentration. On the other hand, when the outer hood member 1 is attached, the short wall portions 12, 12 are assembled in such a manner that the overlapping portions 6, 7 of the outer skin 4 are sandwiched between the mounting bracket 13 and the fixing bracket 30 on the railway vehicle side, as shown in Figure 5. Therefore, even if the mounting bracket 13 peels off from the core material 2 due to adhesion problems or the like, the overlapping portions 6, 7 prevent the outer hood member 1 from falling off.

[0022] In this way, the outer hood member 1 of the above-mentioned form includes a plate-shaped base material portion 10 and a first rib 20 that protrudes from the side of the base material portion 10 in a direction perpendicular to the side and extends in the fore-and-aft direction, which is the direction in which the railway vehicle travels, and the first rib 20 has a non-linear shape with a displacement portion 21 that displaces in the surface direction of the side surface and in the up-and-down direction, which is a direction perpendicular to the fore-and-aft direction. With this configuration, the outer hood member 1 can follow the curve without breaking when it stretches in the longitudinal direction on the outside of a curve while the train is traveling. This improves durability against displacement without excessively increasing rigidity, thereby extending the life of the hood.

[0023] The first rib 20 has a plurality of displacement portions 21. Therefore, when the outer hood member 1 stretches in the front-rear direction, stress is concentrated on the first rib 20, which can prevent the first rib 20 from being damaged. The first ribs 20 are arranged in a plurality of rows in the vertical direction, and the displacement portions 21 of the first ribs 20 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction face each other. Therefore, the rigidity of the outer hood member 1 can be improved, and the displacement of each of the first ribs 20 can be made uniform. The second ribs 25 connect the first ribs 20 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. Therefore, when the outer hood member 1 is displaced in the out-of-plane direction, the first rib 20 can be prevented from falling in the vertical direction. The first ribs 20 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are connected to each other via the second ribs 25 that connect the displacement portions 21 facing each other. Therefore, the first ribs 20 and the second ribs 25 form a honeycomb shape, which makes the rigidity uniform and effectively suppresses displacement in the out-of-plane direction.

[0024] The opposing displacement portions 21 are displaced at the same angle. Therefore, the portions including the displacement portions 21 aligned in the vertical direction are displaced by the same amount, and local deformation can be prevented. The protruding height of the first rib 20 is lower at the middle portion than at the ends in the front-rear direction. Therefore, when the outer hood member 1 is compressed in the front-rear direction, the middle portion is deformed to bend outward, and the deformation direction can be unified. The protruding height of the first rib 20 is lowest at the center in the front-rear direction. Therefore, when bending, the central portion is always deformed outward, making it possible to prevent interference with cables and the like inside the railway vehicle.

[0025] The middle part of the base material part 10 bulges out towards the left side. Therefore, it is possible to induce outward deformation when the outer hood member 1 is bent. Also, when the outer hood member 1 is stretched in the front-rear direction, the base material portion 10 can easily follow the bending. The thickness of the first rib 20 is greater in the middle portion than at the ends in the front-rear direction. Therefore, even if the height of the first rib 20 changes, the rigidity can be unified. The cross-sectional areas S at the vertices 22 of the displacement portions 21 of the first ribs 20 are equal to each other. Therefore, even if the height of the first rib 20 varies, the cross-sectional area S can be made uniform, and uniform rigidity can be achieved. The width of the base material 10 in the up-down direction is larger at the middle part than at the ends in the front-rear direction. Therefore, when the outer hood members 1, 1 are extended in the front-rear direction, gaps are less likely to occur between the outer hood members 1, 1 adjacent in the vertical direction. The interval between a pair of first ribs 20A, 20B adjacent to each other in the up-down direction and the interval between a pair of first ribs 20C, 20D are larger in the middle portion than at the ends in the front-rear direction. Therefore, when stretched in the front-rear direction, the distance between a pair of adjacent first ribs 20A, 20B in the up-down direction and the distance between a pair of first ribs 20C, 20D in the up-down direction become closer to equal distances, which contributes to uniform displacement.

[0026] In the base material 10, the right side surface on which the first rib 20 is provided and the opposite side surface are covered with an inner skin 3 and an outer skin 4. Therefore, it is possible to provide weather resistance and flame retardancy. A mounting bracket 13 for mounting to a railway vehicle is provided on the front-rear end face of the base material 10, and the outer skin 4 extends over the end face with the overlapping portions 6, 7 overlapping the outer surface of the mounting bracket 13. Therefore, even if the mounting bracket 13 peels off from the base material portion 10 due to adhesion defects or the like, the overlapping portions 6, 7 of the outer skin 4 can prevent the outer hood member 1 from falling off from the railway vehicle. The base material portion 10 has a pair of edges extending in the front-to-rear direction, and each edge has a long wall portion 11 formed thereon that protrudes in the protruding direction of the first rib 20 and extends in the front-to-rear direction, and a tongue portion 5 that protrudes downward is provided at the protruding end of the lower long wall portion 11. Therefore, by joining the tongue portion 5 to the long wall portion 11 of the adjacent outer hood member 1, the unity of the outer hood members 1, 1 can be improved. The first rib 20 has a wave-like shape, with each displacement portion 21 displacing alternately in the vertical direction and having an apex portion 22, and the apex portion 22' of the displacement portion 21' in the first ribs 20A, 20D located outermost in the vertical direction is located in the center of the base material portion 10 in the front-to-back direction. Therefore, when the outer hood member 1 is compressed in the front-rear direction, it is easily deformed toward the outside of the outer hood.

[0027] Modifications of the present disclosure will be described below. In the above embodiment, an example was described in which the apex of one displacement portion of the first rib located at the outermost position in the direction perpendicular to the running direction faces outward at the center of the base member in the running direction, but the orientation of the apex may be reversed. An example is shown in Figure 8. Note that the same components as those in the above embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted. In the outer hood member 1A of modified example 1 shown in Figure 8, in the first ribs 20A, 20D located at the outermost positions in the vertical direction, each displacement portion 21' at the center in the fore-and-aft direction is formed with its apex portion 22' facing inward in the vertical direction (lower in the case of the first rib 20A, and upper in the case of the first rib 20D), and each apex portion 22' is positioned in the center in the fore-and-aft direction of the base material portion 10. According to this modified example 1, when the outer hood member 1A is compressed in the front-to-rear direction, the stress is dispersed rather than concentrated in the center, making it difficult to bend in the center, but making it easier for the outer hood as a whole to bend outward.

[0028] The number of first ribs is not limited to four as in the above embodiment, and may be more or less than this. There may also be only one first rib. The number of displacement portions can be increased or decreased as appropriate. The shape of the displacement portions is not limited to a continuous shape of displacement portions consisting of arcs and straight lines as in the above embodiment, but may be a continuous shape of displacement portions such as a triangle, a rectangle, or a trapezoid. Therefore, the honeycomb shape is not limited to a hexagon, but may be a continuous shape of a rectangle, an octagon, or a polygon. There may be only one displacement portion. For example, one displacement portion may be provided on a linear first rib extending in the front-rear direction. In this case, the entire first rib may be curved in the up-down direction to form the displacement portion. The displacement portions do not have to face each other. The second ribs connecting the first ribs are not limited to being linear and extending in the vertical direction as in the above embodiment, but may be, for example, linear and extending in an oblique direction, arc-shaped and extending in the vertical direction, or wavy and extending in the vertical direction. The second rib is not limited to connecting all of the displacement portions together, but may connect some of the displacement portions together. The second rib may be omitted. In this case, the first ribs may be directly connected to each other, for example, the displacement portions of the first ribs may be directly connected to each other.

[0029] In the above embodiment, in order to make the amount of displacement uniform, the following configurations are simultaneously adopted: unifying the angles of opposing displacement portions, changing the protruding height of the first rib, changing the thickness of the first rib, changing the thickness of the second rib, unifying the cross-sectional area at the vertex of each displacement portion, and changing the spacing between adjacent pairs of first ribs; however, this is not limited to this embodiment. That is, as long as the amount of displacement can be made uniform, one or more of these configurations may be omitted or may have a different shape from the above. For example, the angles of the opposing displacement portions may be different from each other. The protruding height of the first rib may be changed in an inclined plane rather than a curved shape. The protruding height may be changed in stages rather than continuously. The first rib may be formed at the same height in the front-rear direction. The thickness of the first rib may be changed stepwise rather than continuously, or may be the same in the front-rear direction. The thickness of the second ribs may all be the same. The cross-sectional areas at the vertices of the displacement parts do not have to be completely the same, and may contain some error as long as the displacement amounts are uniform, or the cross-sectional areas do not have to be the same as long as the displacement amounts are uniform. This also applies to the distances D1 and D2 and angles θ1 and θ2 described in Figure 7; as long as the displacement amounts are uniform, some error may be included, or the distances D1 and D2 and angles θ1 and θ2 may be different. The interval between adjacent first ribs in the up-down direction may be the same across the front-rear direction.

[0030] The base material portion may have a shape in which the entire base material portion bulges outward, rather than just the intermediate portion, or may have a flat shape without bulging. The width of the base portion in the vertical direction may be the same across the front-rear direction, and therefore the long wall portion does not need to have a bulging shape. Depending on the material of the core, the skin of the base material may be only an outer skin. That is, the skin may be provided only on the surface of the base material opposite to the surface on which the first rib is provided. In this case, the skin may be provided from the opposite surface across only one of the top and bottom surfaces or the front and back surfaces of the core. The materials for the three-layer structure of the substrate are not limited to the above-mentioned forms, and the substrate may be formed of a single material without using a three-layer structure. The overlapping area of ​​the outer skin on the short wall is not limited to the above configuration. For example, the outer skin may cover the entire mounting fixture except for the cap nut. However, there may be no overlapping area with the mounting fixture. The shape of the mounting fixture itself can also be modified as needed. The shape of the tongue portion can be changed as appropriate. The tongue portion may be omitted.

[0031] Next, an example in which some of the above-described modified examples of the present disclosure are embodied will be described as modified example 2 shown in Figures 9 to 14. In modified example 2, the same components as those in the above embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted. In the outer hood member 1B shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11, the number of first ribs 20, the orientation of the displacement portions 21, and the number and arrangement of the second ribs 25 are the same as those in the outer hood member 1 described in the previous embodiment. Also, likewise, the thickness of each of the first ribs 20 and second ribs 25 gradually increases from the front and rear ends toward the center. Also, likewise, the shape of each displacement portion 21 is consistent in each of the regions E1 to E5 shown in Figure 10. Therefore, in each of the first ribs 20 of the outer hood member 1B, the cross-sectional area S (Figure 12) of the apex portion 22 of each displacement portion 21, excluding the second rib 25, is also largest in the center rather than at the front and rear ends. However, in the outer hood member 1B, the first ribs 20 and second ribs 25 are formed to be thinner than those in the outer hood member 1.

[0032] In addition, the main difference between the outer hood member 1B and the outer hood member 1 is that: (1) Both front and rear ends of all the first ribs 20, 20·· extend to the short wall portions 12, 12. (2) In the base material portion 10, the thickness of each of the approximately hexagonal base material surrounding portions 41, which is the area surrounded by a pair of adjacent first ribs 20, 20 in the vertical direction and a pair of adjacent second ribs 25, 25 in the front-to-back direction, is smaller in the central portion 43 than in the outer edge portion 42 of the base material surrounding portion 41, and a predetermined relationship is set between the thickness of the outer edge portion 42 and the thickness of the central portion 43. (3) The protruding height of each first rib 20 is approximately the same over the entire length in the front-rear direction. (4) The base material portion 10 is flat over its entire length in the front-rear direction. Each of these points will be explained in detail below.

[0033] Regarding (1), in the outer hood member 1, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, half of the displacement portions 21 at both front and rear ends of the first ribs 20A and 20D located at the upper and lower ends are integrated with the corner portions 24 of the base material portion 10. 10, in the outer hood member 1B, half of each displacement portion 21 at both front and rear ends of the first ribs 20A, 20D extends independently to the short wall portion 12 and is connected to the embedded portion 15 of the cap nut 14. Therefore, at the four corners of the base material portion 10, corner surrounding portions 40, 40... are formed, surrounded by both front and rear ends of the first ribs 20A, 20D, the long wall portion 11, and the short wall portion 12. By extending both front and rear ends of all first ribs 20, 20..., including first ribs 20A, 20D, to the short wall portions 12, 12 in this way, distortion is dispersed and made uniform in the front-to-rear direction, which leads to the alleviation and dispersion of distortion near the short wall portions 12, where rigidity tends to be high. Therefore, durability can be improved compared to the outer hood member 1 described above. In the second modified example, both front and rear ends of the first ribs 20A, 20D are connected to the embedded portion 15 of the cap nut 14, but they may be connected to the short wall portion 12 other than the embedded portion 15.

[0034] Regarding (2), in the above-mentioned outer hood member 1, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, each base material surrounding portion 26 formed on the base material portion 10 has a flat right side surface and a constant thickness throughout the entire surface direction. In contrast, in the outer hood member 1B, as shown in Figure 10, multiple substrate surrounding portions 41 are formed, each of which is also approximately hexagonal, but the right side surface of each substrate surrounding portion 41 has a cone shape that gradually changes in the plane direction of the right side surface, becoming deeper to the left as it moves from the entire periphery of the outer edge portion 42 of the substrate surrounding portion 41 toward the center, as shown in Figures 11 and 12. As a result, the thickness of the substrate surrounding portion 41 in the Z direction (left-right direction) is smaller at the center portion 43 than at the outer edge portion 42. The relationship of the thickness in the Z direction is as follows, when viewed in FIG. 11, which is a cross section in the front-rear direction, assuming that the thickness of the central portion 43 in the front-rear direction of the base material surrounding portion 41 is Z1 and the thickness of the outer edge portions 42 at both front and rear ends is Z2: Z1:Z2=1.0:1.1~1.0:3.0 It is set so that:

[0035] In contrast to the outer hood member 1, in which the thickness of the base material surrounding portion 26 is constant, in this modified example 2, the thickness of each base material surrounding portion 41 is formed so that the center portion 43 is thinner than the outer edge portion 42, so that the entire base material surrounding portion 41 can resist deformation and prevent sagging due to its own weight, thereby improving the appearance of the exterior surface. In particular, if the relationship between the thickness Z1 of the central portion 43 in the front-to-rear direction and the thickness Z2 of the outer edge portions 42 at both front and rear ends is set to Z1:Z2=1.0:1.1 to 1.0:3.0, the relationship between the thicknesses Z1 and Z2 can be set appropriately, which is more effective in preventing sagging due to its own weight. The relationship between the thickness Z1 of the central portion 43 of the substrate surrounding portion 41 and the thickness Z2 of the outer edge portion 42 is not limited to the above setting and can be changed as appropriate. More preferably, Z1:Z2=1.0:1.1 to 1.0:2.0. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned modified example 2, the substrate surrounding portion 41 is formed in a mortar shape in which the thickness changes in the surface direction around the entire circumference, but the surface direction in which the thickness changes is not limited to the entire circumference, and it may also be formed in a curved surface that is, for example, arc-shaped when viewed from above, so that the thickness changes at least in the front-to-back direction between the center and the outer edge.

[0036] Regarding (3), in the outer hood member 1, as shown in FIG. 5, the protruding height of each first rib 20 changes in a curved shape so that the protruding height is lower at the middle portion than at the front and rear ends. 11, the protruding height of each first rib 20 of the outer hood member 1B is substantially the same over the entire length in the front-to-rear direction, except that both front and rear ends connected to the short wall portions 12, 12 are slightly inclined to the right. Each second rib 25 also has the same protruding height as the first rib 20. In the outer hood member 1, the protruding height of each of the first ribs 20 varies in the front-rear direction. In contrast, in this modified example 2, the protruding height of each first rib 20 is set to approximately the same height over the entire length in the front-to-rear direction, so that when deformation occurs, strain is distributed and uniform in the front-to-rear direction, making it less likely that bending points will occur. Therefore, improved durability can be expected compared to the outer hood member 1 described above. The protruding height of each first rib 20 may be the same over the entire length in the front-rear direction, including both front and rear ends connected to the short wall portions 12, 12.

[0037] Regarding (4), in the outer hood member 1, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the intermediate portion of the base material portion 10 is shaped to bulge outward in a curved shape to the left. In contrast, in the outer hood member 1B, as shown in Figures 11, 13, and 14, the base material portion 10 is a flat plate defined in the front-to-back and up-to-down directions, except for the front and rear ends connected to the short wall portions 12, 12 which are slightly inclined, and is flat throughout the entire length in the front-to-back direction. In the above-mentioned outer hood member 1, the base material portion 10 has an uneven shape that bulges outward, which guides deformation when the outer hood member 1 bends and makes it easier for the base material portion 10 to follow when it extends in the direction of travel, but on the other hand, this may cause air resistance. In contrast to this, in this modified example 2, the base material portion 10 is intentionally made flat over the entire length in the fore-and-aft direction, which reduces air resistance during driving and prevents the concentration of distortion and the occurrence of bending points when deforming. In this modified example 2, the long wall portions 11, 11 have a curved shape in which the protruding height gradually decreases from the front and rear ends toward the center, similar to the outer hood member 1, but here the degree of change in the radius of curvature is set smaller than that of the outer hood member 1, resulting in a smaller change in the protruding height. The protruding height of the first rib 20 and the second rib 25 is smaller than that of the central portion of the long wall portion 11, which is the lowest. In addition, in this modified example 2, the middle part of the base material 10 excluding both the front and rear ends is made flat, but the base material 10 excluding either the front or rear end may be made flat, or the base material 10 may be made flat over the entire length in the front-to-rear direction.

[0038] In addition, in the above-mentioned modified example 2, modifications similar to those of the present disclosure described in the above embodiment are possible. In addition, in the present disclosure, the number of substrate surrounding portions can be changed as appropriate depending on the number of first ribs and the number of displacement portions. Therefore, the substrate surrounding portion does not have to be substantially hexagonal, and the number of substrate surrounding portions may be one instead of multiple. [Explanation of symbols]

[0039] 1, 1A, 1B... outer hood member, 2... core material, 3... inner skin, 4... outer skin, 5... tongue portion, 6, 7... overlapping portion, 10... base material portion, 11... long wall portion, 12... short wall portion, 13... mounting bracket, 20... first rib, 21... displacement portion, 22... apex portion, 23... oblique portion, 25... second rib, 26, 41... base material enclosure portion, 30... fixing bracket, 42... outer edge portion, 43... center portion, VL... imaginary line passing through apex portion, CL... center line of oblique portion, P1, P2... intersection point between VL and CL, D1, D2... distance between P1 and P2, θ1, θ2... angle formed by VL and CL, Z1... thickness of center portion of base material enclosure portion, Z2... thickness of outer edge portion of base material enclosure portion.

Claims

1. A plurality of outer hood members are arranged along the outer peripheral surfaces of the railway cars connected to each other, forming an outer hood that covers the connection portion between the railway cars, A plate-shaped base material; a first rib that protrudes from one surface of the base material portion in a direction perpendicular to the surface and extends in the running direction of the railway vehicle, The first rib is an outer hood member having a non-linear shape and having at least one displacement portion that displaces in the direction of the one surface and in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction.

2. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein the first rib has a plurality of the displacement portions.

3. The outer hood member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of the first ribs are arranged in parallel in the perpendicular direction, and the displacement portions of the first ribs adjacent to each other in the perpendicular direction face each other.

4. The outer hood member according to claim 3, further comprising connecting portions that connect adjacent first ribs in the orthogonal direction to each other.

5. An outer hood member as described in claim 4, wherein the connecting portion is a second rib, and each of the first ribs adjacent to each other in the perpendicular direction is connected to each other via the second rib connecting the opposing displacement portions.

6. 4. The outer hood member according to claim 3, wherein the opposing displacement portions are displaced at the same angle.

7. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein the first rib has a protruding height that is lower at a middle portion than at front and rear end portions in the traveling direction.

8. 8. The outer hood member according to claim 7, wherein the protruding height of the first rib is lowest at a central portion in the traveling direction.

9. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate portion of the base member bulges out toward the opposite side of the one surface.

10. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first rib is greater at a middle portion than at front and rear end portions in the running direction.

11. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 2, wherein the cross-sectional areas of the vertices of the displacement portions of the first ribs are equal to each other.

12. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein the width of the base material portion in the orthogonal direction is greater at a middle portion than at front and rear end portions in the running direction.

13. The outer hood member according to claim 12, wherein the distance between at least one pair of the first ribs adjacent in the orthogonal direction is greater in an intermediate portion than in the front and rear ends in the traveling direction.

14. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein at least a surface of the base material opposite to a surface on which the first rib is provided is covered with a skin.

15. front and rear end surfaces of the base material in the running direction are provided with metal fittings for attachment to the railway vehicle, 15. The outer hood member according to claim 14, wherein the skin extends over the end surface and overlaps the outer surface of the mounting fixture.

16. the base member has a pair of end edges extending in the running direction, and each end edge has a wall portion formed thereon that protrudes in a protruding direction of the first rib and extends in the running direction; 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein a tongue portion protruding in the perpendicular direction is provided at a protruding end of one of the wall portions.

17. The first rib has a wave shape in which the displacement portions are alternately displaced in the orthogonal direction to have vertices, and The outer hood member according to claim 2, wherein the apex of one of the displacement portions of the first rib positioned outermost in the orthogonal direction is positioned at the center of the base portion in the running direction.

18. The base material portion is a horizontally elongated rectangular shape, and the four sides of the base material portion are provided with a pair of long wall portions that protrude in the protruding direction of the first rib and extend in the running direction, and a pair of short wall portions that protrude in the protruding direction of the first rib and extend in the perpendicular direction, and both ends of the first rib extend to each of the short wall portions.

19. The outer hood member described in claim 4, wherein the base material portion has a base material surrounding portion surrounded by a pair of adjacent first ribs in the perpendicular direction and a pair of adjacent connection portions in the running direction, and the thickness of the base material portion in the base material surrounding portion is smaller in the central portion than in both end portions in at least one surface direction of the base material surrounding portion.

20. The surface direction is the running direction, and when the thickness of the central portion of the substrate surrounding portion in the running direction is Z1 and the thickness of both end portions is Z2, Z1:Z2=1.0:1.1~1.0:3.0 The outer hood member according to claim 19, wherein the relationship is:

21. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein the first rib has a constant protruding height over the entire length in the traveling direction.

22. 3. The outer hood member according to claim 1, wherein the base material portion is flat over the entire length in the traveling direction.

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