Construction methods for buildings, and buildings

Abstract

This invention solves the problem of providing a building construction method in which the assembly of modules is simple, and whose manufacturing is also simple due to the structure of the modules. [Solution] A method for constructing a building, comprising: stacking a plurality of precast concrete structures on a foundation to form one unit, with one of the units forming one room; using one or more of the units as the building frame; and having pre-made through holes in each of the precast concrete structures form connecting holes that communicate in the height direction of the frame when the precast concrete structures are stacked; and inserting a support member with a length equal to or exceeding the length of the connecting hole into the connecting hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a building construction method, a building, and a frame package.

Background Art

[0002] In order to construct a building at a low cost, simply, or quickly, a method may be adopted in which prefabricated modules are assembled at a desired location to complete a building (or a part thereof). Patent Document 1 describes "a precast concrete structure for housing construction used as a foundation for a multi-story house, which is composed of a six-sided structure formed by a bottom part with reinforcement inside and a wall part erected from the peripheral part of the bottom part so as to surround the bottom part. The six-sided structure is formed by stacking an upper structure with no lid or a ceiling on a bottomed lower structure, and a sealing member is interposed between the upper edge part of the lower structure and the lower edge part of the upper structure. The lower structure has a stepped upper edge part at the upper edge part, while the upper structure has a stepped lower edge part corresponding to the stepped upper edge part at the lower edge part, and angle steel is attached to the corners of each edge part so as to cover the surface, and this angle steel is welded to the reinforcing bars arranged in each structure."

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] While the precast concrete structure described in Patent Document 1 is easy to construct on-site, the manufacturing of the precast concrete structure itself in the factory was still time-consuming. Therefore, considering the entire process, from the manufacturing of the precast concrete structure to the construction (assembly) of the building, it could not necessarily be said to be simple or rapid.

[0005] Incidentally, there is a demand for emergency housing construction in areas affected by disasters such as earthquakes. Modular housing, which is provided by assembling pre-manufactured modules on-site, is suitable for this purpose. Ideally, the modules for construction should be manufactured and stockpiled in advance, but it is conceivable that the stockpiled supply may be insufficient depending on the scale of the disaster.

[0006] If module manufacturing were to begin after a disaster (for example, in a factory in an unaffected area), the time required for module manufacturing could become the rate-limiting step, determining the time required to provide housing. Therefore, it is desirable to make module manufacturing simpler or faster, and to simplify or expedite the entire process from start to finish.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a construction method for buildings in which the assembly of modules is simple and / or, due to the structure of the modules, the manufacturing of the modules is simple. The present invention also aims to provide buildings and frame packages. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The first building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method comprising: stacking a plurality of precast concrete structures on a foundation to form a single unit, with one of the units forming a single room; using one or more of the units as the building frame; and inserting a support member with a length equal to or exceeding the length of the communication hole into a communication hole formed by connecting pre-provided through holes in each of the precast concrete structures in the height direction of the building frame when the precast concrete structures are stacked, thereby fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the construction method for buildings of the present invention, the assembly of modules is simple, and / or, due to the structure of the modules, their manufacture is simple, thus enabling faster construction of buildings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view of a building constructed by the building construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a perspective view showing the main parts of the units that make up the building. [Figure 3] This is an assembly drawing of the units that make up a building. [Figure 4] This is a perspective view of the top-level unreinforced precast concrete structure. [Figure 5] This is a cross-sectional view of the surrounding wall W along line AA. [Figure 6] This diagram (partially a cross-sectional view) shows the surrounding wall W as seen from the inside. [Figure 7] Figure 8(a) is a perspective view of the unreinforced precast concrete structure that makes up the uppermost layer of the unit, and Figure 8(b) is a perspective view of the tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure. [Figure 8]Figure 8(a) shows a perspective view of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A that constitutes the lowest level of the unit, and Figure 8(b) shows a perspective view of the tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A. [Figure 9] This diagram (partially a cross-sectional view) shows the surrounding wall W as seen from the inside. [Figure 10] This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] This is a perspective view showing a unit that constitutes a building in a different embodiment. [Figure 12] This is an assembly drawing of the units that make up a building in a different embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] The first building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method comprising: stacking a plurality of precast concrete structures on a foundation to form a single unit, with one of the units forming a single room; using one or more of the units as the building frame; and having through holes pre-provided in each of the precast concrete structures form a communication hole that communicates in the height direction of the frame when the precast concrete structures are stacked; and inserting a support member with a length equal to or exceeding the length of the communication hole into the communication hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

[0012] In the precast concrete structure used in the construction method of the first building, through holes are provided in advance. These through holes are made into communication holes by stacking the precast concrete structures. That is, they are formed in the precast concrete structure in advance so that the positions of the through holes match when stacked. Since these through holes communicate in the height direction of the building frame, by inserting a support member here and fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation, the plurality of stacked precast concrete structures are firmly fixed. The construction method of the first building is that after transporting the precast concrete structure to the construction site, it is only necessary to stack them and insert and fix a support member into the communication hole to form a strong building frame. The assembly is easy and the construction of the building is speeded up.

[0013] The construction method of the second building of the present invention is the construction method of the first building, wherein the precast concrete structure is cylindrical, and the two end face openings have the same shape in plan view, and a plurality of through holes penetrating the peripheral wall in the height direction are provided. The through holes form the communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the building frame by stacking the precast concrete structures, and it is a construction method of a building.

[0014] The precast concrete structure used in the construction method of the second building is cylindrical, and the two end face openings have the same shape in plan view, and a plurality of through holes penetrating the peripheral wall in the height direction are provided. Therefore, just by stacking on the foundation, the four walls (or the structure that forms the basis thereof) of the building are completed. Therefore, at least by covering the opening with a roof, the building is completed, and the construction of the building is speeded up.

[0015] The construction method of the third building of the present invention is the construction method of the first building, wherein the precast concrete structure is semi-square cylindrical, and the two cross-sectional parts have the same shape in plan view, and a plurality of through holes penetrating from the cross-sectional part along the peripheral wall to the bottom are provided. The through holes form the communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the building frame by stacking the precast concrete structures, and it is a construction method of a building.

[0016] The precast concrete structure used in the construction method of the third building is semi-square tube-shaped, and two cross-sectional parts have the same shape in plan view, and is provided with the through holes penetrating from the cross-sectional part to the bottom along the peripheral wall. Therefore, when stacked on the foundation, it becomes a form like a square tube lying horizontally, and a roof and a set of opposing wall surfaces are formed. Since the other wall side is an opening, it is more suitable for a building that wants to have a wide opening.

[0017] The construction method of the fourth building of the present invention is a building construction method in which, in the construction methods of the first to third buildings, the precast concrete structure is a non-reinforced precast concrete structure.

[0018] The precast concrete structure used in the construction method of the fourth building is a non-reinforced precast concrete structure. Therefore, the manufacture of the precast concrete structure becomes easier and faster. Generally, a non-reinforced precast concrete structure may be inferior in mechanical strength to a reinforced precast concrete structure, but in the building construction method of the present invention, the strength is sufficiently compensated by fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation with a support member.

[0019] The construction method of the fifth building of the present invention is a building construction method in which, in the construction method of the second or third building, the precast concrete structure is provided with a fitting part on the peripheral wall, and is fitted with another precast concrete structure by the fitting part.

[0020] The precast concrete structure used in the construction method of the fifth building is provided with a fitting part on the peripheral wall, so stacking is easy. Furthermore, this fitting part naturally functions as a guide for stacking. Therefore, by stacking the precast concrete structures along the guide of the fitting object, communication holes can be easily formed without aligning the positions of the through holes. Therefore, the construction is speeded up.

[0021] The sixth method for constructing a building according to the present invention further includes, in the fifth method for constructing a building, placing the precast concrete structure constituting the lowest part of the frame on the concrete foundation, wherein the foundation has a fitting receiving portion on its surface corresponding to the fitting portion.

[0022] The foundation used in the sixth construction method for buildings is made of concrete and has interlocking receiving sections on its surface. These interlocking receiving sections are shaped to correspond to the interlocking sections of the precast concrete structure that makes up the lowest part. Therefore, by fitting them together, the precast concrete structure becomes less likely to move on the foundation, and stability is further improved. In addition, the interlocking receiving sections also function as guides for positioning the precast concrete structure, thus speeding up construction.

[0023] The seventh building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method that, in the sixth building construction method, comprises stacking the precast concrete structures so that the frame has an area corresponding to one room of the building and is adjacent to one another, thereby creating a building having multiple rooms.

[0024] According to the seventh construction method for buildings, the precast concrete structure corresponds to the area (floor area or wall area) of one room, so by simply arranging the required number of these, a building with multiple rooms can be constructed. With this construction method, the room layout can be easily adjusted according to the purpose and demand, and if the number of rooms is increased, only the required number of precast concrete structure sets (frame packages) for one room needs to be increased, thus speeding up the construction of the building.

[0025] The eighth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method in which, in the first building construction method, the uppermost precast concrete structure and the precast concrete structure one level below the uppermost structure are manufactured using the same formwork.

[0026] According to the eighth construction method for buildings, the number of formwork types used in the manufacture of precast concrete structures can be minimized. Since precast concrete structures of almost identical shape are combined to form one unit, and multiple units are combined to form one building, the number of formwork types does not increase significantly, thus accelerating the construction of the building.

[0027] The ninth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method in which, in the first building construction method, the support member includes a deformed reinforcing bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed reinforcing bar, and the support member fixes the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation.

[0028] According to the ninth construction method for buildings, simply stacking precast concrete structures may lead to horizontal displacement due to earthquakes, etc., and the structural strength of the building may not be sufficient. However, by using support members, the displacement between precast concrete structures can be suppressed, resulting in sufficient strength for the building.

[0029] The tenth construction method for a building according to the present invention is a construction method for a building in which, in the first construction method for a building, the support member includes a deformed reinforcing bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed reinforcing bar, and the support member fixes the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation by fastening the threaded portion of the support member with the nut.

[0030] According to the tenth construction method for buildings, by fastening the screw portion with a nut, displacement of the support member fixing the precast concrete structure can be prevented, and the building can be fixed more securely.

[0031] The eleventh building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method that further includes fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the perimeter walls of the stacked precast concrete structures, in the seventh building construction method.

[0032] According to the 11th construction method for buildings, a so-called truss is formed on the inside of the surrounding wall by diagonal reinforcing members, thereby further improving the strength of the structure.

[0033] The twelfth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method in which, in the eleventh building construction method, the diagonal reinforcing member is fixed to a base plate provided on the precast concrete structure, and the base plate is provided in advance on the precast concrete structure that constitutes the lowest part of the structure and the precast concrete structure that constitutes the uppermost part of the structure.

[0034] According to the 12th construction method for buildings, since the base plates for fixing the diagonal reinforcing members are pre-installed in the precast concrete structure, the installation of the diagonal reinforcing members becomes easier at the construction site, and as a result, the construction of the building is expedited.

[0035] The first building of the present invention is a building comprising a frame formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, wherein the frame comprises one or more units, one of which constitutes a room by stacking the precast concrete structures on the foundation, the unit comprises a support member for fixing the precast concrete structure and the foundation, and the precast concrete structure, the precast concrete structure comprises a through hole for inserting the support member, the through hole forms a communication hole that communicates in the height direction of the frame by stacking the precast concrete structures, the support member has a length equal to or greater than the length of the communication hole, and is inserted into the communication hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation.

[0036] The precast concrete structures used in the first building have pre-existing through-holes, which connect to form connecting holes when stacked. These connecting holes are formed along the height direction of the building. Support members are inserted into these connecting holes, fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation, thereby creating a strong structure from the stacked precast concrete structures, which forms the building's frame. This structure is easy to assemble on site, allowing for rapid construction.

[0037] The first frame package of the present invention is a frame package used for constructing the frame of a building formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, comprising a number of units capable of forming the frame of a desired height, one of which units constitutes one room with a plurality of precast concrete structures, the precast concrete structures are provided with through holes for fixing the foundation and the precast concrete structures by inserting support members, and the through holes communicate in the height direction of the frame by stacking the precast concrete structures.

[0038] The frame package used in the first building consists of a package (frame package) of three precast concrete structures that make up the structural frame of one room in the building. This makes it easier to transport materials from the manufacturing site of the precast concrete structures to the construction site of the building, as well as to manufacture and manage them at the construction site, enabling rapid construction.

[0039] The following describes embodiments of the construction method for buildings, buildings, and frame packages of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same components. Furthermore, the embodiments shown in the drawings are merely illustrative and do not limit this disclosure in any way. The embodiments and their modifications described below can be combined in any way, and such combinations are within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a building constructed by a building construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "this construction method"). The use of the building is not particularly limited and may be for residential use, office use, retail use, or a combination of these. In the following description, a residential building constructed urgently in a disaster-stricken area will be used as an example.

[0041] The building 100 is placed on a concrete foundation G that covers the entire surface. The structure of the building 100 is composed of units 1, 2, and 3, each assembled independently and adjacent to each other without gaps. The roof of the building 100 is composed of roofing material 4 made of galvanized steel sheets, laid on top of the structure. In this example, the roofing material 4 is made of corrugated galvanized steel sheets, but any known material and shape can be used without particular restriction. Also, the roofing material 4 may be laid independently on each of the units 1, 2, and 3.

[0042] Units 1, 2, and 3 are almost identical in shape, although they differ in the location and presence or absence of entrances 5 and windows 6. Specifically, units 1, 2, and 3 are each identical rectangular prisms, and are configured to provide an interior space (approximately 6 tatami mats) with a long side (width) of about 10m, a short side (depth) of about 2m, and a height of about 2m. Each of units 1, 2, and 3 is configured to have one room inside. In other words, the area inside the opening in a plan view is configured to be the floor area of ​​one room. The size of the units can be freely changed depending on the size of the unreinforced precast concrete structure described later. Building 100, in which all units are 6 tatami mats, is just one example; units of different sizes can also be arranged and used as a single building. Furthermore, even a single unit can be used as an independent building, and the number and arrangement of units can be freely changed according to the purpose, etc.

[0043] Unit 2 has an entrance 5 to the outside in the surrounding wall W (the outer wall of the building 100), and Units 1 and 2 have multiple windows 6 in the surrounding wall W. Although not shown in the diagram, each unit has an entrance for moving between other units.

[0044] Units 1, 2, and 3 (the structural framework of building 100) are each made of concrete and are assembled by stacking three unreinforced precast concrete structures (corresponding to modules), which will be described later. Therefore, the surrounding wall W is constructed with exposed unreinforced precast concrete structures. The unreinforced precast concrete structures may be covered by wall panels.

[0045] Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the main part of Unit 1, and Figure 3 is an assembly drawing of Unit 1. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure. To simplify the explanation, windows and doorways are not shown. Unit 1 consists of unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C stacked in this order from the foundation G, and multiple support members 20. In this specification, "unreinforced precast concrete structure" refers to a concrete structure that is manufactured in advance in a factory or elsewhere and transported to the construction site without using reinforcing steel inside. Unreinforced precast concrete structures can be manufactured by pouring cement, water, aggregate, etc. into a formwork and allowing it to harden, so they have the advantage of being simpler and faster to manufacture than general reinforced concrete structures. In this example, an unreinforced precast concrete structure is used, but the concrete structure may be a reinforced concrete structure.

[0046] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are each rectangular in shape and are identical rectangles in plan view. The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are identical in shape in plan view and are configured to be stacked without gaps. Because they are cylindrical, when stacked, space is secured inside, and this part becomes a room. The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are rectangular in shape in plan view, but their shape is not limited to this. The shape of the unreinforced precast concrete structure is cylindrical, and the shape of multiple unreinforced precast concrete structures forming one unit is identical in plan view and they can be stacked without gaps. Specifically, they may be cylindrical or rectangular in shape other than a square. In particular, when viewed from above, a triangular, quadrilateral, or hexagonal shape is preferable because it is easy to "tile" (fill the surface) a given site. In particular, when viewed from above, an equilateral triangle, square, square, or regular hexagonal shape is preferable because it is easy to "tile" the site with unreinforced precast concrete structures of the same shape.

[0047] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are provided with fitting parts 24A and 24B arranged at equal intervals on the upper and lower sides along the perimeter wall W. Fitting part 24A is a projection that protrudes downward from the lower side in the height direction, and fitting part 24B is a recess that is recessed downward from the upper side in the height direction, so that they fit together snugly. The uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C and the middle unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B of unit 1 are each provided with fitting part 24B on the upper side (top side) and fitting part 24A on the lower side (bottom side). These are provided in corresponding positions, and when the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C is placed on top of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B, the fitting parts 24A and 24B overlap, and the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11B and 11C are superimposed without gaps in a nearly airtight manner.

[0048] Furthermore, the provision of interlocking parts 24A and 24B facilitates positioning during overlapping. The shape of the interlocking parts is not limited to the above; any shape that allows them to interlock with other unreinforced precast concrete structures when they are overlapped is acceptable. In this example, four interlocking parts are provided on the top side and four on the bottom side, but this number is not particularly limited. In this example, interlocking parts 24B are also provided on the top side of the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C. In this example, there is no need to overlap an unreinforced precast concrete structure on top of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, so the interlocking parts 24B are not strictly necessary. However, they are provided from the perspective of minimizing the number of types of formwork used in the manufacture of unreinforced precast concrete structures, that is, from the perspective of being able to manufacture the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B and the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C using the same formwork. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a fitting portion on the upper side of the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, but it is preferable to provide a fitting portion on the top surface side of the uppermost structure. When the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B and the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C are manufactured using different formwork (for example, when there are windows or doorways), the fitting portion on the upper side of the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C does not need to be provided.

[0049] On the other hand, a fitting portion with a different shape from the fitting portion 24A is provided on the underside (foundation G) of the lowest (bottom) unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A. Specifically, it is a prismatic fitting portion 24C that spans two opposing sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A, and is tapered to facilitate fitting into the corresponding slit-shaped fitting receiving portion 24E provided in the foundation G. This configuration makes it easy to position the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A relative to the foundation G, and also allows the placed unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A to be fixed so as not to move relative to the foundation G. Note that the shapes of the fitting portion 24C and the fitting receiving portion 24E are just examples, and it is sufficient that the positioning can be achieved by fitting the lowest unreinforced precast concrete structure, and that the fitted lowest unreinforced precast concrete structure is fixed (that sliding movement along the foundation is suppressed).

[0050] Each of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C has multiple holes 22A, 22B, and 22C that penetrate the surrounding wall W in the height direction, respectively, at equal intervals. In this example, a total of 10 holes, four in the width direction and one in the depth direction, are arranged almost evenly along the surrounding wall W. The number and location of the holes provided in each unreinforced precast concrete structure are not particularly limited, but two or more are preferred, and if the unreinforced precast concrete structure is rectangular, it is preferable that the holes be provided at the corners and sides of the surrounding wall.

[0051] The holes 22A, 22B, and 22C are provided at corresponding positions on the perimeter wall W so that they are in the same position when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are superimposed and guided by the fitting portions 24A, 24B, and 24C, respectively. Therefore, when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are superimposed, they form a communication hole, that is, a hole that penetrates through in the height direction.

[0052] A support member is inserted into the communication hole from the upper side of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, which is the uppermost part of the frame, and fixed between the foundation G and the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C. The support member consists of a deformed reinforcing bar 20B with threads on both ends and a nut 20A. The diameter of the deformed reinforcing bar 20B is preferably 0.5 to 0.9 (5 to 27 mm) of the inner diameter of the communication hole, for example, when the inner diameter of the communication hole is 10 to 30 mm.

[0053] The deformed reinforcing bars 20B are inserted into the connecting holes and screwed into the threaded holes 22D provided in the foundation G, thereby fixing them to the foundation G. They are then fastened with nuts 20A onto the perimeter wall W of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C that constitutes the uppermost layer. This fixes the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C to the foundation G.

[0054] Unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C have the advantage of a simpler manufacturing process in the factory and faster production compared to reinforced concrete structures. However, simply stacking them raises concerns about horizontal displacement due to earthquakes, and their strength is not sufficient for the structural frame of a building 100.

[0055] As described above, by inserting the support members 20 into the connecting holes 22A, 22B, and 22C of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C, and tightening and fixing the gap between the foundation G and the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, "displacement" of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C due to shaking can be suppressed. As a result, sufficient strength as the structural frame of the building is achieved.

[0056] Thus, by making the frame of Unit 1, which constitutes one room of Building 100, a package (frame package) consisting of three unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C, the transportation of materials from the manufacturing site of the unreinforced precast concrete structures to the construction site of the building becomes easier. However, simply stacking the unreinforced precast concrete structures would have resulted in insufficient strength as a building. This construction method features the ability to supplement the strength of the unreinforced precast concrete structures by inserting and fixing support members into connecting holes, thereby achieving both ease of manufacturing and transportation in a disassembled state and strength after construction.

[0057] The frame package should include the necessary number of unreinforced precast concrete structures corresponding to the height of the building 100 (preferably a single-story building), but it is preferable that it also includes the necessary number of support members. Furthermore, it may also include the diagonal reinforcing members described below.

[0058] The building 100 constructed using this construction method is further equipped with diagonal reinforcing members to improve its strength. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the perimeter wall W along line AA. Schematically, it shows the perimeter wall W as viewed from the inside (room side). Diagonal reinforcing members 34, 34 are fixed to the inside of the perimeter wall W of unit 1, extending almost the entire height of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C. Specifically, the two diagonal reinforcing members 34 are fixed in a diagonal manner to a base plate 32C provided on the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C and to a base plate 32A provided on the lowermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A. Each diagonal reinforcing member 34 is composed of two deformed reinforcing bars, and the tensile force is adjusted by a turnbuckle 33. The base plates 32A and 32C are typically embedded during the manufacturing of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A and 11C.

[0059] The truss structure with the diagonal reinforcing members 34 may be visible from the inside (room side) as shown in Figure 5, or it may be hidden by a wall panel. Also, instead of a diagonal bracing arrangement, a single diagonal reinforcing member 34 may be used. The diagonal reinforcing members 34 further increase the shear stress resistance of the building 100. Note that the diagonal reinforcing members 34 are not essential for the strength of the building 100 and should be used as appropriate depending on the application.

[0060] Figure 6, like Figure 5, shows the surrounding wall W as viewed from the inside. Unreinforced precast concrete structures 13A, 13B, and 13C are stacked to form one unit. Windows 6 are formed in the unreinforced precast concrete structures 13B and 13C. The windows 6 can be formed by fitting glass or the like into through holes that have been pre-made in the outer surface (wall surface) of the unreinforced precast concrete structure. In this case, three sets of reinforcing members 41, 41, 44, 44, 47, and 47 are provided for one wall surface. The reinforcing members 41, 41 are fixed to the base plate 42C and base plate 42A in a diagonal manner in the center between the two windows 6 on the left and right, and the tensile force is adjusted by the turnbuckle 43.

[0061] Furthermore, the reinforcing members 44, 44(47, 47) are fixed diagonally to the base plate 45C(48C) and base plate 45A(48A) in the end region between the window 6 and the wall surface, and the tensile force is adjusted by the turnbuckle 46(49). With this configuration, even when a window 6 is installed, the strength is maintained by positioning the diagonal reinforcing members to avoid it. In addition, the position of the base plate can be predetermined according to the position of the window, and it is easy to attach the fixing hardware at the factory.

[0062] Figures 7-9 illustrate modified examples of different methods for embedding the base plate into the unreinforced precast concrete structure. Figure 7 is a perspective view of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C that constitutes the uppermost layer of the unit (Figure 7(a)) and a perspective view of the tubular member with a base plate embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C (Figure 7(b)).

[0063] The unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C differs from the above-described embodiment in that it has holes 52 that penetrate the peripheral wall in the height direction at equal intervals, and at least a portion of the holes 52 are formed as hollow portions of tubular members 54 and 56 with base plates.

[0064] The tubular member 54 with a base plate comprises a cylindrical body 54A whose height is approximately the same as that of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, and a base plate 54B that cantilever outwards from the middle of the body 54A in the height direction (preferably above the halfway point but below the upper end). The base plate 54B branches out in a Y-shape when viewed from above, allowing reinforcing members to be fixed from two directions. During the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, the tubular member 54 with a base plate is held and embedded in a location where reinforcing members should be fixed in two directions, such as a corner of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C. In this way, the hollow portion of the body 54A forms a hole 52, making it easier to position the base plate 54B during manufacture (determining and fixing the embedding location).

[0065] Similarly, the tubular member 56 with a base plate comprises a cylindrical body 56A whose height is approximately the same as that of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, and a base plate 56B that cantilever outwards from the middle of the body 56A in the height direction (preferably above the halfway point and below the upper end). The tubular member 56 with a base plate is also embedded during the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C. Because the base plate 56B protrudes in one direction, the tubular member 56 with a base plate is used to form holes 52 provided on the sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, rather than at the corners.

[0066] Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A that constitutes the lowest level of the unit (Figure 8(a)) and a perspective view of the tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A (Figure 8(b)).

[0067] In the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A, a tubular member with a base plate 64, which is structurally similar to the tubular member with a base plate 54, is embedded upside down compared to the tubular member with a base plate 54. The same applies to the tubular member with a base plate 66, which is similar to the tubular member with a base plate 56. By embedding the tubular members with base plates in this way, the base plates 64B and 66B protrude from a lower position in the height direction of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A, improving the reinforcing effect of the diagonal reinforcing members. The formation of holes 62 by the tubular members with base plates 64 and 66 is the same as described above.

[0068] Furthermore, in both the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A and the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, only holes 52 and 62 are provided in areas where a base plate is not required. That is, holes 52 and 62 are formed using only formwork, without embedding tubular members. This simplifies the manufacturing of the unreinforced precast concrete structure, but alternatively, tubular members without base plates may be embedded in these areas.

[0069] Figure 9 shows the perimeter wall W as viewed from the inside (room side). Similar to the example described above, one unit is formed from unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A, 50B, and 50C. Inside this perimeter wall W, diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71(72, 72) are fixed so as to extend almost the entire height of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A, 50B, and 50C. Specifically, the two diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71(72, 72) are fixed in a diagonal manner to the base plates 54B (corner) and 56B (edge) provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C which constitutes the uppermost layer, and to the base plates 64B (corner) and 66B (edge) provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A which constitutes the lowermost layer. The diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71(72, 72) are composed of two deformed reinforcing bars, and the tensile force is adjusted by turnbuckles 73 and 74.

[0070] Figure 10 is a flowchart of a construction method for a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, as step S101, an unreinforced precast concrete structure is manufactured. This step is usually carried out at a manufacturing plant. As described above, multiple unreinforced precast concrete structures are stacked to form one unit (one room). Typically, it is preferable to divide the height of one floor of a typical house into three sections and use three unreinforced precast concrete structures. However, the number of unreinforced precast concrete structures that make up one unit is arbitrary and can be determined appropriately according to the height of the unit, etc.

[0071] The method for manufacturing unreinforced precast concrete structures is not particularly limited, and known methods can be used. Specifically, a mixture of cement, water, and aggregate (sand, gravel) is poured into a formwork and allowed to harden until it reaches a predetermined strength. After hardening, it can be removed from the formwork. Before hardening (usually before pouring), end plates for fixing diagonal reinforcing members or tubular members with end plates may be embedded. Of course, the end plates can also be driven into and fixed to the unreinforced precast concrete structure after hardening.

[0072] In this construction method, nearly identical unreinforced precast concrete structures are combined to form a single unit, and multiple units are combined to form a single building, thus minimizing the need for a large number of formwork types. For example, one type of formwork for an unreinforced precast concrete structure with three divisions per unit (height), corresponding to a unit with two entrances, can also be used for a building with multiple rooms connected to these units.

[0073] Next, as step S102, a concrete foundation is laid. This step is usually carried out at the construction site. It is preferable that the concrete foundation be laid over the entire area where necessary. The concrete foundation is pre-equipped with fitting receiving parts 24E and screw holes 22D at predetermined positions.

[0074] Next, in step S103, the frame package used for constructing the building's frame is transported to the construction site. The unreinforced precast concrete structure constituting the bottom layer is placed in a predetermined position on the concrete foundation G, and a predetermined number of unreinforced precast concrete structures are stacked on top of it. The frame package already contains unreinforced precast concrete structures corresponding to the number of units and the number of divisions in the height direction included in the building. It also includes the necessary number of support members, etc.

[0075] The unreinforced precast concrete structure that makes up the bottom layer can be placed using the interlocking receiving portion 24E as a guide, making positioning easy. Similarly, the unreinforced precast concrete structures stacked on top can be stacked using the interlocking portion as a guide, making positioning easy as well. Construction is quick as the unreinforced precast concrete structures, transported by truck or the like, are simply lifted using a crane or truck with a crane and placed in the designated location.

[0076] Next, in step S104, the support members are inserted into the connecting holes and fixed in place. Since the connecting holes are formed simply by stacking the unreinforced precast concrete structures according to the guides of the fitting section, the insertion and fixing of the support members are easy. The method of inserting and fixing the support members has already been described.

[0077] Next, in step S105, the diagonal reinforcing members are fixed to the inside of the surrounding wall. Since the base plates are already installed during the manufacturing of the unreinforced precast concrete structure, workers at the construction site can easily understand the installation location and method of the diagonal reinforcing members simply by looking at the arrangement of the base plates, making the work easy.

[0078] Next, in step S106, necessary interior work (e.g., installation of interior walls and ceilings) is carried out, and the roof is laid. This construction method allows for quick and easy manufacturing of unreinforced precast concrete structures in the factory, as well as easy assembly at the construction site, resulting in a rapid overall process. Furthermore, the structure is designed to be secured by inserting support members into through-holes, providing sufficient strength. This construction method allows for a rapid response to sudden construction demands, such as those arising from disasters.

[0079] Next, other embodiments of the building according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 11 is a perspective view showing the units that make up the building. Figure 12 is an assembly drawing of the units that make up the building.

[0080] Unit 80, like the first embodiment, is a component of the building and is arranged one or more adjacently on the foundation G to constitute the building. Unit 80 is formed by stacking unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B. The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are each semi-square tubular in shape, and the cross-section 84A of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and the cross-section 84B of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B have the same shape in plan view. In addition, the cross-section 84C of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and the cross-section 84D of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B have the same shape in plan view. In other words, the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are configured to fit together perfectly when stacked with their cross-sections facing each other.

[0081] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are provided with multiple through-holes 86 that penetrate from the cross-sectional sections 84A, 84B, 84C, and 84D along the surrounding wall W, in other words, along the wall to the bottom. The openings of these through-holes 86 in the cross-sectional sections 84A, 84B, 84C, and 84D are formed at positions where they overlap when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are superimposed. In other words, when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are superimposed, two of the through-holes 86 connect, forming a communication hole 88 (Figure 12).

[0082] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are stacked so that their connecting holes 88 are aligned with the height direction of the building. That is, the rectangular tubular unit 80 formed by stacking the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B is installed on the foundation G in a lying position. Support members 20, consisting of deformed reinforcing bars 20B and nuts 20A, are inserted into the connecting holes 88 and fastened with holes 90D provided in the foundation G, thereby fixing the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A to the foundation G.

[0083] A fitting portion 90A is provided on the underside of the peripheral wall W of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A. On the other hand, a fitting portion 90B is provided on the upper side of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B. Since these are provided in corresponding positions, when the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A is placed on top of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B, the fitting portions 90A and 90B overlap, and the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are superimposed without gaps in a nearly airtight state.

[0084] Furthermore, a fitting portion 90C with a different shape from the fitting portion 90A is provided on the lower side (foundation G) of the lowest unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B. Specifically, the fitting portion 90C is a rectangular prism shape that extends across two opposing sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A, and is tapered to facilitate fitting into the corresponding slit-shaped fitting receiving portion 90E provided in the foundation G.

[0085] In this embodiment, the unreinforced precast concrete structure is semi-square tubular in shape, with two cross-sections having the same shape in plan view, and is provided with through-holes that penetrate from the cross-sections along the surrounding walls. Therefore, when stacked on a foundation, it takes the form of a square tube lying on its side, forming a roof and a pair of opposing wall surfaces. The other wall side is an opening, making it more suitable for buildings where a large opening is desired. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0086] 1-3 Units, 4 Roofing materials, 5 Entrances, 6 Windows 11A-C, 13A-C, 50A-C Unreinforced Precast Concrete Structures 20 Support member, 22A-C Hole, 22D Screw hole, 24A-C Fitting part, 24E Fitting receiving part, 100 Building, G Foundation, W Surrounding wall

Claims

1. A method of constructing buildings, Multiple precast concrete structures are stacked on top of the foundation to form a single unit, and each of these units constitutes a single room. One or more of the aforementioned units constitute the structural frame of the building, A method for constructing a building, comprising: having through holes pre-provided in each of the aforementioned precast concrete structures; stacking the precast concrete structures to form a communication hole that communicates in the height direction of the building structure; and inserting a support member with a length equal to or exceeding the length of the communication hole into the communication hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

2. The aforementioned precast concrete structure is cylindrical, with two end face openings having the same shape in a plan view, and is provided with multiple through holes that penetrate the circumferential wall in the height direction. The construction method for a building according to claim 1, wherein the through-holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures to create communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the building structure.

3. The aforementioned precast concrete structure is semi-square tubular in shape, with two cross-sections having the same shape in plan view, and is provided with multiple through-holes that penetrate from the cross-sections along the circumferential wall to the bottom. The construction method for a building according to claim 1, wherein the through-holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures to create communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the structure.

4. The construction method for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the precast concrete structure is an unreinforced precast concrete structure.

5. The construction method for a building according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the precast concrete structure is provided with a fitting portion in the periphery wall, and the fitting portion allows it to be fitted with other precast concrete structures.

6. The method further includes placing the precast concrete structure, which constitutes the lowest part of the frame, on the concrete foundation, The construction method for a building according to claim 5, wherein the foundation has a fitting receiving portion on its surface that corresponds to the fitting portion.

7. The aforementioned structure has an area corresponding to one room of the building, A method for constructing a building according to claim 6, comprising stacking the precast concrete structures adjacent to each other to form a building comprising multiple rooms.

8. The construction method for a building according to claim 1, wherein the uppermost precast concrete structure and the precast concrete structure one level below the uppermost structure are manufactured using the same formwork.

9. The support member includes a deformed reinforcing bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed reinforcing bar. The construction method for a building according to claim 1, wherein the support member fixes the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation.

10. The support member includes a deformed reinforcing bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed reinforcing bar. The construction method for a building according to claim 1, wherein the support member fixes the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation by fastening the threaded portion of the support member with the nut.

11. The construction method for a building according to claim 7, further comprising fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

12. The diagonal reinforcing member is fixed to a base plate provided on the precast concrete structure. The construction method for a building according to claim 11, wherein the base plate is provided in advance on the precast concrete structure that constitutes the lowest level of the building frame and the precast concrete structure that constitutes the uppermost level of the building frame.

13. A building having a frame formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, The aforementioned structure comprises one or more units, One of the aforementioned units constitutes a room by stacking the precast concrete structures on the foundation, The unit comprises the precast concrete structure, a support member for fixing the foundation, and the precast concrete structure. The precast concrete structure is provided with through holes for inserting the support members, The aforementioned through-holes form communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the structure by stacking the precast concrete structures. The support member has a length equal to or greater than the total length of the communication hole and is inserted into the communication hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation of the building.

14. A frame package used for constructing the structural frame of a building, which is formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, It comprises a number of units capable of forming the aforementioned structure of a desired height, One of the aforementioned units consists of multiple precast concrete structures forming one room. The precast concrete structure is provided with through holes for fixing the foundation and the precast concrete structure by inserting support members, The aforementioned through-holes are connected in the height direction of the frame package by stacking the precast concrete structures.

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