Earth retaining panels and earth retaining structures

Abstract

This invention provides earth retaining panels and earth retaining structures that prevent backfill material from hindering the removal work of earth retaining panels and earth retaining structures. [Solution] The earth retaining panel is used to construct a cylindrical earth retaining structure by being installed in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, and is a flat plate-shaped member comprising: a pair of connecting plates arranged to face each other in a first direction; a main body provided between the pair of connecting plates and having a corrugated cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction; and at least one outer wall plate attached to the outer side portion of the main body which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole, and which closes the space formed by the corrugation of the main body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to, for example, earth-retaining panels that constitute the wall surface of a hollow structure constructed underground and earth-retaining structures using such earth-retaining panels.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, there has been known an earth-retaining structure constructed by assembling earth-retaining panels made of corrugated steel plates in an excavation hole formed by excavating the ground (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The earth-retaining structure is constructed by stacking, in the hole axis direction, structures formed by annularly arranging a plurality of earth-retaining panels along the wall surface of the excavation hole. The earth-retaining panels constituting the earth-retaining structure are used, for example, to block the ground and are used for shafts for constructing the foundation of the structure, sump wells constructed underground, or retaining walls for slopes.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The earth-retaining panels and the earth-retaining structure may need to be removed after being installed and performing the required functions. Due to the structure of the corrugated steel plates, backfill materials such as mortar enter the uneven portions on the ground side of the earth-retaining panels and the earth-retaining structure. Therefore, the backfill materials may interfere with the unevenness of the corrugated steel plates and may hinder the removal work of the earth-retaining panels and the earth-retaining structure.

[0005] The present disclosure is for solving the above problems, and provides an earth-retaining panel and an earth-retaining structure that suppress the backfill material from hindering the removal work of the earth-retaining panel and the earth-retaining structure.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The earth retaining panel according to this disclosure is an earth retaining panel used to construct a cylindrical earth retaining structure by being installed in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, and comprises a flat plate-shaped member, a pair of connecting plates provided so as to face each other in a first direction, a main body provided between the pair of connecting plates and having a corrugated cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction, and at least one outer wall plate attached to the outer side portion of the main body which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole, and which closes the space formed by the corrugation of the main body.

[0007] The earth retaining structure relating to this disclosure has a plurality of earth retaining panels having the above configuration, and the plurality of earth retaining panels are combined to form a cylindrical shape. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to this disclosure, the earth retaining panel and earth retaining structure comprises an outer wall plate attached to the outer side portion of the main body, which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole, and which closes the space formed by the corrugation of the main body. The at least one outer wall plate closes the space formed by the corrugation of the main body. The earth retaining panel and earth retaining structure can prevent backfill material such as mortar from getting into the unevenness on the ground side of the corrugated main body, which is formed by the outer wall plate. Therefore, the earth retaining panel and earth retaining structure can prevent backfill material from interfering with the unevenness of the corrugation of the main body, thus preventing it from hindering the removal work of the earth retaining panel and earth retaining structure. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a schematic perspective view showing an example of an earth retaining structure composed of earth retaining panels according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 2] This is a perspective view of the earth retaining structure shown in Figure 1 with the outer wall panels removed. [Figure 3]This is a schematic perspective view showing another example of an earth retaining structure composed of earth retaining panels according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 4] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the retaining wall structure with the outer wall panels removed. [Figure 5] This is a schematic explanatory diagram showing an example of a construction method for an earth retaining structure according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 6] This is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 7] Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the retaining wall panel with the exterior wall panel removed. [Figure 8] Figure 6 is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall panel as seen from the opposite side. [Figure 9] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a retaining wall panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 10] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of another configuration of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 11] This is a perspective view showing another example of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 12] Figure 11 is a perspective view showing the retaining wall panel with the exterior wall panel removed. [Figure 13] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing another example of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 14] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the earth retaining panel and the backfill material according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 15] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the retaining wall panel and the backfill material in the comparative example. [Figure 16] This is a schematic perspective view showing an example of an earth retaining structure composed of earth retaining panels according to Embodiment 2. [Figure 17] This is a perspective view of the retaining wall panel according to Embodiment 2, as seen from the inside of the vertical shaft. [Figure 18] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a retaining wall panel according to Embodiment 2. [Figure 19] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of another configuration of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 2. [Figure 20]It is a perspective view of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 3 as seen from the ground side. [Figure 21] It is a longitudinal sectional view showing the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 3. [Figure 22] It is a perspective view showing another example of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 3. [Figure 23] It is a longitudinal sectional view showing the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 4. [Figure 24] It is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of another configuration of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 4.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Hereinafter, the earth retaining panel and the earth retaining structure according to the embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings and the like. In the following drawings including FIG. 1, the relative dimensional relationships and shapes of each component may be different from the actual ones. Also, in the following drawings, those with the same reference numerals are the same or corresponding ones, and this shall be common throughout the entire specification. In addition, terms representing directions (for example, up, down, left, right, front, back, front and back, etc.) are used appropriately for easy understanding, but their notations are for the convenience of explanation and do not limit the arrangement, direction, and orientation of the device, instrument, or component, etc.

[0011] Embodiment 1. [Earth retaining structure 200] FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an earth retaining structure 200 composed of an earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the earth retaining structure 200 in FIG. 1 with the outer wall plate 30 removed. The earth retaining structure 200 will be described using FIGS. 1 and 2. The earth retaining structure 200 is constructed, for example, when constructing a civil engineering structure such as a shaft or a sump well constructed underground for constructing the foundation of a structure or a sewer.

[0012] As an example, the earth retaining structure 200 is formed in a rectangular tubular shape in a plan view. For example, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the earth retaining structure 200 is formed in a rectangular tube shape. Corner members 41 are used at the rectangular corners of the earth retaining structure 200. The corner members 41 have an L-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the corner member 41. In Figures 1 and 2, the earth retaining structure 200 is formed in a rectangular tubular shape in a plan view, but the shape of the earth retaining structure 200 is not limited to this shape.

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view showing another example of a retaining wall structure 200 composed of retaining wall panels 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the retaining wall structure 200 in Figure 3 with the outer wall panels 30 removed. The retaining wall structure 200 may be formed in a circular shape in plan view. For example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the retaining wall structure 200 may be formed in a cylindrical shape. Alternatively, the retaining wall structure 200 may be formed in an oval, elliptical, or horseshoe-shaped cylindrical shape in plan view.

[0014] The retaining wall structure 200 has a structure in which annular structures 201 are connected in the axial direction, as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3. The retaining wall structure 200 is constructed by stacking the annular structures 201 in multiple layers along the axial direction. In Figures 1 and 3, the retaining wall structure 200 has a structure in which six layers of structures 201 are stacked along the axial direction, but the number of layers of structures 201 is not limited to six. Furthermore, the retaining wall structure 200 may consist of a single layer of structures 201.

[0015] The earth retaining structure 200 has one structure 201, or has multiple structures 201 in the axial direction, and is formed by connecting multiple structures 201 continuously in the axial direction. The earth retaining structure 200 is formed by combining multiple earth retaining panels 100 that constitute the structure 201 in the horizontal and vertical directions. The earth retaining structure 200 has multiple earth retaining panels 100, and multiple earth retaining panels 100 are combined to form a cylindrical shape.

[0016] [Structure 201] Structure 201 is a structure that covers the excavated surface underground. Structure 201 is formed in an annular shape when viewed in the axial direction and is formed as a cylindrical body overall. Structure 201 is formed in a rectangular or cylindrical shape, for example, but is not limited to these shapes. As long as structure 201 is a cylindrical body, it may be formed in other shapes when viewed in the axial direction, such as an oval, a small oval, or a square with rounded corners. Structure 201 may also be called an annular body.

[0017] Each structure 201 constituting the earth retaining structure 200 is constructed by connecting multiple earth retaining panels 100, and is formed by connecting the longitudinal ends of the earth retaining panels 100. Each structure 201 constituting the earth retaining structure 200 is formed by arranging multiple earth retaining panels 100, including a main body 10 (see Figure 9) which will be described later and has the same cross-sectional shape, in a ring shape. Corner members 41 are used at the rectangular corners of the structure 201 in Figures 1 and 2.

[0018] The structure 201 is composed of multiple retaining panels 100 arranged in the circumferential direction. The structure 201 is formed by arranging multiple retaining panels 100 in a ring and connecting adjacent retaining panels 100 to each other.

[0019] The earth retaining structure 200 and structural body 201 shown in Figures 1 and 2 include two types of earth retaining panels 100: a first earth retaining panel 101 and a second earth retaining panel 102. The first earth retaining panel 101 and the second earth retaining panel 102 differ, for example, in their longitudinal length and the number of connecting holes 13a, which will be described later, but their basic structure is the same. Therefore, the structures of the first earth retaining panel 101 and the second earth retaining panel 102 will be described as earth retaining panel 100. Note that the second earth retaining panel 102 is connected to a corner member 41 and may be pre-configured as an L-shaped member before being connected to other earth retaining panels 100.

[0020] Although the retaining wall structures 200 and structural elements 201 shown in Figures 3 and 4 are depicted with retaining wall panels 100 of approximately equal size in the circumferential direction, the retaining wall panels 100 may be formed to different sizes depending on their installation location in the circumferential direction.

[0021] In the retaining wall structure 200, the structures 201 adjacent to the retaining wall structure 200 in the axial direction are assembled in such a way that the positions of the retaining wall panels 100 constituting the structure 201 are offset in the longitudinal direction of the retaining wall panels 100. In the retaining wall structure 200 shown in Figures 1 and 3, the retaining wall panels 100 constituting the structure 201 are constructed in a staggered arrangement. However, the arrangement of the retaining wall panels 100 is not limited to a staggered arrangement.

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a construction method for the earth retaining structure 200 according to Embodiment 1. The earth retaining structure 200 is constructed by stacking multiple annular structures 201, as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3, in multiple layers along the axis direction of the excavation hole 301, in an excavation hole 301 formed by excavating the ground 300. An example of the earth retaining structure 200 will be further explained below using Figures 5(A) to (C).

[0023] As shown in Figure 5(A), in the construction method for the earth retaining structure 200, first, an excavation hole 301 for constructing the earth retaining structure 200 is formed in the ground 300. The excavation hole 301 is formed with an outer diameter that is, for example, about 20 cm larger than the outer diameter of the earth retaining structure 200. The excavation hole 301 is formed to extend in the vertical direction as an example, but is not limited to being formed to extend in that direction, and may be inclined with respect to the vertical direction as well. The depth of the excavation hole 301 is, for example, about 0.5 m to 1.5 m, but may be deeper than 1.5 m.

[0024] The retaining wall panels 100 are arranged in a ring along the wall surface 303 of the excavation hole 301 to assemble the structure 201. The retaining wall panels 100 are arranged so that the outer surface portion 17 (see Figure 9), described later, faces the ground side, and the inner surface portion 16 (see Figure 9) faces the excavation side. The ground side is the outer surface of the retaining wall panel 100, and the excavation side is the inner surface of the retaining wall panel 100.

[0025] The structure 201 is assembled by sequentially arranging retaining panels 100 along the circumferential direction of the wall surface 303 of the excavated hole 301, and connecting adjacent retaining panels 100 on the left and right with bolts and nuts. The retaining panels 100 of the upper structure 201 and the retaining panels 100 of the lower structure 201 are connected with bolts and nuts.

[0026] The retaining wall structure 200 is arranged such that the upper retaining wall panels 100 and the lower retaining wall panels 100 are staggered in the circumferential direction. This makes it possible to suppress variations in strength and rigidity at each position of the retaining wall structure 200 in the circumferential direction. However, the retaining wall panels 100 may be installed continuously in the axial direction without being staggered, provided that the connecting plates 20, which will be described later, have sufficient thickness. In this way, the structure 201 is stacked in multiple layers, for example, three layers, along the axial direction to construct a part of the retaining wall structure 200.

[0027] Next, as shown in Figure 5(B), the uppermost structure 201 is fixed to the ground 300 with a grid 400, and then the excavated hole 301 outside the structure 201 is backfilled with excavated soil. The means for fixing the uppermost structure 201 to the ground 300 is not limited to the grid 400, and concrete may be used, for example.

[0028] Then, as shown in Figure 5(C), the structure 201 is assembled while the ground is excavated, and the excavation is continued to a predetermined depth. After the uppermost structure 201 is fixed with the crest 400, retaining wall panels 100 are placed at the lower end of the upper structure 201, along the circumferential direction of the wall surface 303 of the excavation hole 301. The placed retaining wall panels 100 are connected to the upper retaining wall panels 100 with bolts and nuts, and are also connected to the adjacent retaining wall panels 100 on the left and right with bolts and nuts.

[0029] In this manner, the retaining wall structure 200 is constructed by adding another structure 201 beneath the lower structure 201. Subsequently, a backfill material 320 (see Figure 14), such as concrete or mortar, is filled between the retaining wall panel 100 and the excavated hole 301.

[0030] As shown in Figures 5(A) to (C), the earth retaining structure 200 is constructed by stacking multiple annular structures 201, as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3, in a vertical borehole 301 formed by excavating the ground 300, along the borehole axis of the borehole 301.

[0031] [Earth retaining panel 100] Figure 6 is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 7 is a perspective view of the retaining wall panel 100 in Figure 6 with the outer wall panel 30 removed. Figure 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall panel 100 viewed from the opposite side of the retaining wall panel 100 in Figure 6. Figure 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 1. Note that the retaining wall panel 100 in Figure 8 is basically the same as the retaining wall panel 100 in Figure 6, except that the length of the first direction X, which is the longitudinal direction, and the number of connecting holes 13a, which will be described later, are different.

[0032] As shown in Figures 6 to 9, in the retaining wall panel 100, the longitudinal direction of the retaining wall panel 100 is defined as the first direction X, the short direction of the retaining wall panel 100 is defined as the second direction Z, and the thickness direction of the retaining wall panel 100 is defined as the third direction Y. The first direction X may also be referred to as the left-right width direction of the retaining wall panel 100, and the second direction Z may also be referred to as the up-down width direction of the retaining wall panel 100. In this case, in the second direction Z, the Z1 side is the upper side and the Z2 side is the lower side. Furthermore, the first direction X may also be referred to as the circumferential direction of the retaining wall structure 200 and the structure 201, and the second direction Z may also be referred to as the axial direction of the retaining wall structure 200 and the structure 201.

[0033] The third direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Z, and is perpendicular to the retaining panel 100 in the retaining structure 200 and the structure 201. Also, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, when the retaining structure 200 and the structure 201 are cylindrical structures, the third direction Y is the radial direction. Furthermore, when the retaining panel 100 is set in the excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5), in the third direction Y, the Y1 side is the ground side and the Y2 side is the inside of the shaft.

[0034] The retaining wall panel 100 is installed in an excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5) formed by excavating the ground 300 and used to construct a cylindrical retaining wall structure 200. For example, the retaining wall panel 100 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed in a third direction Y, which is the thickness direction of the retaining wall panel 100, and in a straight line when viewed in a second direction Z, which is the width direction of the retaining wall panel 100. The retaining wall panel 100 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape as a whole. However, the shape of the retaining wall panel 100 is not limited to this shape. The retaining wall panel 100 comprises a main body 10, a pair of connecting plates 20, and at least one outer wall plate 30.

[0035] As shown in Figures 6 to 9, the retaining wall panel 100 comprises a main body portion 10 formed such that the corrugated outer surface portion 17 and inner surface portion 16 extend along a first direction X which is the longitudinal direction, and a pair of connecting plates 20 provided at both ends of the main body portion 10 in the first direction X. The retaining wall panel 100 also comprises at least one outer wall plate 30 attached to the outer surface portion 17 of the main body portion 10.

[0036] <Main body 10> The main body portion 10 is a member with a corrugated shape in the second direction Z. The main body portion 10 is a steel plate whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction X, which is the longitudinal direction, is formed in a corrugated shape. The main body portion 10 may also be called a corrugated steel plate. The main body portion 10 is provided between a pair of connecting plates 20. The main body portion 10 is formed to extend in the first direction X.

[0037] The waveform of the main body 10 is formed, for example, with a rectangular wave shape in the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction X. As shown in Figure 9, the main body 10 is constructed by bending a rolled steel sheet into a angular wave shape, for example, so that the waveform cross-section is angular wave-shaped. In Embodiment 1, the angular wave shape is, for example, a trapezoidal wave shape with rounded corners.

[0038] The main body 10 has a plurality of outer surface portions 17, at least one inner surface portion 16, and a plurality of intermediate wall portions 15. Each of the plurality of outer surface portions 17 constitutes the side portion of the main body 10 facing the ground side in the excavated hole 301 (see Figure 5). In other words, the outer surface portions 17 constitute the side portion of the main body 10 facing the outside of the shaft. The plurality of outer surface portions 17 are arranged in a second direction Z perpendicular to the first direction X.

[0039] The inner surface portion 16 is provided between the multiple outer surface portions 17 adjacent to the second direction Z, which is perpendicular to the first direction X, and constitutes the side portion of the main body portion 10 located on the inside of the cylinder of the earth retaining structure 200 relative to the multiple outer surface portions 17. In other words, the inner surface portion 16 constitutes the side portion of the main body portion 10 facing the inside of the shaft. The inner surface portion 16 is provided between two outer surface portions 17 in the vertical width direction of the earth retaining panel 100. The inner surface portion 16 faces the inside of the cylinder of the earth retaining structure 200.

[0040] Each of the multiple intermediate wall portions 15 extends in a third direction Y, which is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Z, as shown in Figure 9, connecting multiple outer surface portions 17 with at least one inner surface portion 16. The intermediate wall portions 15 are plate-like portions and are formed to extend, for example, in the first direction X, the second direction Z, and the third direction Y.

[0041] When viewed in the first direction X, the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16 are formed to be substantially parallel to each other. In the main body portion 10 shown in Figure 9, the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16 form surfaces parallel to each other on the outside and inside of the wall structure. As an example, the main body portion 10 is composed of three outer surface portions 17 and two inner surface portions 16, and the outer surface portions 17 and inner surface portions 16 are arranged in parallel in the second direction Z. However, there may be multiple outer surface portions 17 and one or more inner surface portions 16, and the number of outer surface portions 17 and inner surface portions 16 is not limited to the number shown.

[0042] In the main body 10, when the ground side of the excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5) is made into a wave-shaped peak and the inside of the shaft is made into a valley, the outer surface 17 constitutes the wave-shaped peak and the inner surface 16 constitutes the wave-shaped valley. The main body 10 is formed with an intermediate wall 15 connecting the outer surface 17 and the inner surface 16, which is slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal direction, so that the bottom of the valley of the inner surface 16 becomes narrower.

[0043] Because the intermediate wall portion 15 is slightly inclined, the retaining wall panel 100 is formed such that, as shown in Figure 9, the distance L1 between adjacent outer surface portions 17 in the second direction Z is greater than the length L2 of the portion constituting the inner surface portion 16. In the main body portion 10, when the portions of adjacent outer surface portions 17 are made into openings 19, the size of the openings 19 is formed such that, in the second direction Z, it is greater than the length of the inner surface portion 16.

[0044] The retaining wall panel 100 is made easier to manufacture by slightly inclining the intermediate wall portion 15, which makes it easier to demold the main body portion 10 when plastic deformation is performed on the main body portion 10 for corrugation. When the width of the main body portion 10 in the second direction Z is kept constant, reducing the inclination angle of the intermediate wall portion 15 connecting the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16 with respect to the horizontal direction makes the width of the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16 in the second direction Z wider than when the inclination angle is increased.

[0045] By reducing the inclination angle of the intermediate wall portion 15 with respect to the horizontal direction, the width of the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16 in the second direction Z becomes wider than when the inclination angle of the intermediate wall portion 15 is increased, and the rigidity when a bending moment is applied in the planar direction increases. This is because the section modulus when the main body portion 10 is bent in the third direction Y increases as the width of the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16 increases. The inclination angle of the intermediate wall portion 15 of the main body portion 10 with respect to the horizontal direction is set to 0° or more and 20° or less, and more preferably to 0° or more and 3° or less. Note that the inclination angle of the intermediate wall portion 15 is preferably within the above range, but is not limited to this range.

[0046] The main body portion 10 has a thickness of, for example, 2.7 mm to 7 mm. Note that the thickness of the main body portion 10 is just an example and is not limited to this thickness. The thickness of the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16 is the same as that of the intermediate wall portion 15, but they may be thicker than the intermediate wall portion 15. By configuring the earth retaining panel 100 in this way, the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer surface portion 17 and the inner surface portion 16, which are farther from the neutral axis N, is increased, and the section modulus of the main body portion 10 can be further increased.

[0047] The main body portion 10 is provided continuously with the outer surface portions 17 located at both ends of the second direction Z, among a plurality of outer surface portions 17, and further has a pair of lateral flange portions 13 used for connecting with an adjacent earth retaining panel 100 in the second direction Z.

[0048] The main body 10 has transverse flange portions 13 at both ends in the second direction Z, which is the vertical width direction, formed by bending the edges of the corrugated shape. The transverse flange portions 13 are flat plate-like portions formed substantially perpendicular to the parallel direction of the outer surface portion 17 and inner surface portion 16 of the corrugated shape. The transverse flange portions 13 are formed in a flat plate shape and are formed to extend in the first direction X and the third direction Y.

[0049] As shown in Figure 9, the lateral flange portion 13 is formed to extend in the third direction Y in its cross-sectional shape, and is formed to extend from the outer surface portion 17 side toward the inner surface portion 16 side. In the earth retaining structure 200, the lateral flange portion 13 faces in the opposite direction to the wall surface 303 of the excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5).

[0050] The lateral flange portion 13 has multiple connecting holes 13a formed therein, which are used to connect the main body portions 10 of adjacent earth retaining panels 100 stacked vertically in the axial direction of the excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5). The multiple connecting holes 13a are formed along the first direction X, which is the width direction of the earth retaining panel 100 from left to right.

[0051] The main body portions 10 of adjacent retaining wall panels 100 are connected by fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through connecting holes 13a with nuts, with the lateral flange portions 13 abutted together. Note that the means for connecting the lateral flange portions 13 of adjacent main body portions 10 are not limited to bolts and nuts; for example, connecting devices such as clips may also be used. Furthermore, while the number of connecting holes 13a is shown as 10 in Figure 6 and 6 in Figure 8 as examples, these are merely examples and the number is not limited to these figures.

[0052] As shown in Figure 5(B), the retaining wall panels 100 of the upper structure 201 and the retaining wall panels 100 of the lower structure 201 are joined with their ends offset from each other in the width direction. The retaining wall structure 200 is joined with the upper retaining wall panels 100 and the lower retaining wall panels 100 offset by, for example, half the length in the width direction. This makes it possible to suppress variations in rigidity at each position in the circumferential direction of the retaining wall structure 200.

[0053] However, the amount by which the retaining wall panels 100 located on the upper and lower sides are shifted is not limited to half the length in the width direction, but can also be shifted by the pitch of the multiple connecting holes 13a formed in the horizontal flange portion 13. For example, in the retaining wall panel 100 of Figure 6, 10 connecting holes 13a are formed in the horizontal flange portion 13, but the connecting holes 13a of the retaining wall panel 100 located on the lower side may be shifted by 1 to 5 pitches relative to the retaining wall panel 100 located on the upper side when connecting them.

[0054] <Connecting plate 20> The connecting plates 20 are flat plate-shaped members and are provided so as to face each other in the first direction X. While the connecting plates 20 are formed in a rectangular shape when viewed in the first direction X, their shape is not limited to a rectangular shape. The connecting plates 20 are welded to both ends of the main body 10 in the first direction X, which is the longitudinal direction. The thickness of the connecting plates 20 is determined according to the required strength and rigidity of the earth retaining structure 200.

[0055] The connecting plate 20 has multiple connecting holes 21 formed therein for connecting adjacent earth retaining panels 100 arranged circumferentially around the excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5). The multiple connecting holes 21 are formed along the second direction Z, which is the vertical width direction of the earth retaining panel 100.

[0056] Adjacent retaining wall panels 100 are connected by butting their connecting plates 20 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through connecting holes 21 with nuts. The means for connecting the connecting plates 20 of adjacent retaining wall panels 100 are not limited to bolts and nuts; for example, connecting devices such as clips may also be used.

[0057] In Figure 6, etc., the number of connecting holes 21 is 3, but the number of connecting holes 21 shown is just an example and is not limited to this. If the earth retaining structure 200 is rectangular, an L-shaped earth retaining panel 100 for the corner section may be placed at the rectangular corner of the structure 201 via a corner member 41. The basic configuration of the main body 10 and connecting plate 20 that constitute the earth retaining panel 100 is the same as the above configuration, but the connecting plate 20 at the part that connects to the corner member 41 does not need to have connecting holes 21 formed therein.

[0058] <Exterior wall board 30> The exterior wall panel 30 is attached to the outer side portion of the main body 10, which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole 301, and closes the space S formed by the corrugation of the main body 10. The exterior wall panel 30 is formed in a plate shape and is attached to the outer side portion 10a of the main body 10, which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole 301 (see Figure 5). The exterior wall panel 30 is, for example, a skin plate or a steel plate. The exterior wall panel 30 shown in Figures 6 and 9 is a flat plate. The exterior wall panel 30 has, for example, an outer surface 30d that faces the ground, which is formed in a smooth shape.

[0059] The exterior wall panel 30 is formed to extend in the first direction X, which is the width direction of the retaining wall panel 100 from left to right, and in the second direction Z, which is the width direction of the retaining wall panel 100 from top to bottom. For example, the exterior wall panel 30 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed in the third direction Y, but the shape of the exterior wall panel 30 is not limited to a rectangular shape. The exterior wall panel 30 has thickness in the third direction Y, which is the thickness direction of the retaining wall panel 100.

[0060] As shown in Figure 9, the outer wall panel 30 is attached so as to span across at least two of the multiple outer surface sections 17. The outer wall panel 30 is a plate-shaped member that covers the space S, which is composed of at least one inner surface section 16 and multiple intermediate wall sections 15, and closes the opening 19 of the space S that opens towards the ground in the excavated hole 301. The outer wall panel 30 is attached to the outer surface sections 17 by welding. The outer wall panel 30 is composed of multiple intermediate wall sections 15 and closes the opening 19 that opens towards the ground in the excavated hole 301.

[0061] In the retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 9, the upper edge 30a of the outer wall panel 30 is fixed by welding to the uppermost of the three outer surface sections 17, and the lower edge 30b of the outer wall panel 30 is fixed by welding to the lowermost of the three outer surface sections 17. In other words, in the retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 9, the outer wall panel 30 is provided across three of the multiple outer surface sections 17 and is installed so as to span across the three outer surface sections 17. The outer wall panel 30 may also extend to the vicinity of the lateral flange section 13.

[0062] The retaining wall panel 100 has different outer surfaces 17: one to which the upper edge 30a of the outer wall panel 30 is attached, and another to which the lower edge 30b of the outer wall panel 30 is attached. The retaining wall panel 100 may have no other outer surfaces 17 between the outer surface 17 to which the upper edge 30a of the outer wall panel 30 is attached, and only a space S exists between them. Alternatively, the retaining wall panel 100 may have one or more other outer surfaces 17 between the outer surface 17 to which the upper edge 30a of the outer wall panel 30 is attached, and another to which the lower edge 30b of the outer wall panel 30 is attached.

[0063] The exterior wall panels 30 only need to be attached to the outer surface portion 17 so as to cover the space S and close the opening 19 of the space S. The number of outer surface portions 17, the number of exterior wall panels 30, the fixing positions of the exterior wall panels 30, etc., are not limited to the illustrated example. Furthermore, the method of fixing the exterior wall panels 30 is not limited to welding.

[0064] Figure 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of another configuration of the earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 1. The earth retaining panel 100 shown in Figure 10 has two outer wall panels 30 arranged vertically. In the earth retaining panel 100 shown in Figure 10, the upper edge 30a of the upper outer wall panel 30 is fixed to the uppermost outer surface panel 17 of the three outer surface panels 17, and the lower edge 30b of the upper outer wall panel 30 is fixed to the middle outer surface panel 17 of the three outer surface panels 17.

[0065] Furthermore, in the earth retaining panel 100 shown in Figure 10, the upper edge 30a of the lower outer wall panel 30 is fixed to the middle outer surface 17 of the three outer surface 17s, and the lower edge 30b of the lower outer wall panel 30 is fixed to the lowest outer surface 17 of the three outer surface 17s. Although Figure 10 shows two outer wall panels 30, there may be three or more outer wall panels 30. In other words, the number of outer wall panels 30 may be one as shown in Figure 9, or multiple as shown in Figure 10.

[0066] As shown in Figure 10, the outer wall panels 30 of the earth retaining panel 100 are a plurality of outer wall panels 30 arranged in the second direction Z. Each of the plurality of outer wall panels 30 covers a space S composed of at least one inner surface portion 16 and a plurality of intermediate wall portions 15, and closes the opening 19 of the space S that opens towards the ground in the excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5).

[0067] Figure 11 is a perspective view showing another example of the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 12 is a perspective view of the retaining wall panel 100 in Figure 11 with the outer wall panel 30 removed. The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figures 11 and 12 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed in the third direction Y, which is the thickness direction of the retaining wall panel 100, and in an arc shape when viewed in the second direction Z, which is the width direction of the retaining wall panel 100. The retaining wall panel 100 is formed in an arc shape when viewed in the second direction Z, and as a whole, it is formed in a curved shape.

[0068] The retaining wall panels 100 shown in Figures 11 and 12 differ from the retaining wall panels 100 shown in Figures 6 and 7, which have a linear shape when viewed in the second direction Z, in that their shape when viewed in the second direction Z is arc-shaped. In the retaining wall panels 100 shown in Figures 11 and 12, the structure of the main body 10, connecting plate 20, and outer wall plate 30 is the same as the structure of the main body 10, connecting plate 20, and outer wall plate 30 of the retaining wall panels 100 shown in Figures 6 and 7 described above. The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 11 constitutes, for example, the retaining wall structure 200 shown in Figure 3.

[0069] Figure 13 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing another example of the earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 1. As shown in Figure 13, the corrugated shape of the main body 10 may be configured such that the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction X is formed in the shape of a sine curve. The main body 10 has a plurality of outer surface portions 17 and at least one inner surface portion 16, and the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction X may be the rectangular wave shape or sine curve shape described above, or it may be any other shape.

[0070] [Effects of earth retaining panels 100 and earth retaining structures 200] Figure 14 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the earth retaining panel 100 and the backfill material 320 according to Embodiment 1. The earth retaining panel 100 is an outer wall plate 30 attached to the outer side portion of the main body 10, which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole 301, and comprises at least one outer wall plate 30 that closes the space S formed by the corrugation of the main body 10. At least one outer wall plate 30 closes the space S formed by the corrugation of the main body 10. The earth retaining panel 100 can prevent the backfill material 320, such as mortar, from entering the uneven portion 111 on the ground side of the corrugated main body 10 by the outer wall plate 30. Therefore, the earth retaining panel 100 can prevent the backfill material 320 from interfering with the corrugated uneven portion 111 of the main body 10 by the outer wall plate 30, thereby preventing it from hindering the removal work of the earth retaining panel 100 and the earth retaining structure 200.

[0071] Furthermore, the exterior wall panel 30 is attached so as to span across at least two of the multiple exterior surface sections 17. The exterior wall panel 30 is a plate-shaped member that covers the space S, which is composed of at least one interior surface section 16 and multiple intermediate wall sections 15, and closes the opening 19 of the space S that opens towards the ground in the excavated hole 301.

[0072] The retaining wall panel 100 prevents the backfill material 320, such as mortar, from entering the uneven surfaces 111 on the ground side of the main body 10, which is composed of an outer surface 17, an inner surface 16, and an intermediate wall 15, thanks to the outer wall panel 30. Therefore, the retaining wall panel 100 prevents the backfill material 320 from interfering with the uneven surfaces 111 of the main body 10, thus preventing the backfill material 320 from hindering the removal of the retaining wall panel 100. Furthermore, because the backfill material 320 does not interfere with the uneven surfaces 111 of the main body 10 thanks to the outer wall panel 30, the removal of the retaining wall panel 100 becomes easier and the time required for removal is reduced.

[0073] Figure 15 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the retaining wall panel 100L and the backing material 320 in a comparative example. As shown in Figure 15, in the retaining wall panel 100L and retaining wall structure 200L without an outer wall panel 30, the backing material 320 fits into the uneven portion 111 on the ground side of the main body 10 due to the structure of the corrugated steel plate. Therefore, in the retaining wall panel 100L and the retaining wall structure 200L having said retaining wall panel 100L, the backing material 320 interferes with the unevenness of the corrugated steel plate, and the backing material 320 hinders the removal work of the retaining wall panel 100L and retaining wall structure 200L. As a result, the removal work of the retaining wall panel 100L and retaining wall structure 200L without an outer wall panel 30 takes a long time.

[0074] The retaining wall panel 100 is designed so that the backing material 320 does not interfere with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10 due to the exterior wall panel 30, thus preventing the backing material 320 from hindering the removal of the retaining wall panel 100. As described above, the retaining wall panel 100 is designed so that the backing material 320 does not interfere with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10 due to the exterior wall panel 30, and the backing material 320 does not hinder the removal of the retaining wall panel 100, making the removal of the retaining wall panel 100 easier and shortening the removal time.

[0075] Furthermore, the earth retaining panel 100 includes at least one outer wall plate 30 attached to the outer side portion of the main body 10, which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole 301. The earth retaining panel 100 can improve the strength of the main body 10 and improve the rigidity of the earth retaining panel 100 by the outer wall plate 30. In other words, the earth retaining panel 100 is reinforced by the outer wall plate 30. Therefore, the earth retaining panel 100 having the outer wall plate 30 and the earth retaining structure 200 having the earth retaining panel 100 can be used in cases of large vertical shafts or high earth pressure, etc., compared to earth retaining panels without the outer wall plate 30.

[0076] Furthermore, the retaining wall panel 100 includes at least one outer wall plate 30 attached to the outer side portion of the main body 10, which is the side facing the ground in the excavated hole 301. The retaining wall panel 100 has a smoother side portion 10a facing the ground of the main body 10 due to the outer wall plate 30, compared to the case where there is no outer wall plate 30 and the uneven portion 111 is exposed. As a result, the retaining wall panel 100 has improved smoothness on the ground side of the main body 10 due to the outer wall plate 30 compared to the case where there is no outer wall plate 30, making it easier to pull out the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining structure 200, and thus easier to remove.

[0077] The corrugated shape of the main body 10 is configured such that the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction X is formed in a rectangular wave shape. Alternatively, the corrugated shape of the main body 10 is configured such that the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction X is formed in a sine curve shape. The retaining wall panel 100 is designed so that the backing material 320 does not interfere with the rectangular wave or sine curve corrugated steel plate of the main body 10 due to the outer wall panel 30. The retaining wall panel 100 is designed so that the backing material 320 does not interfere with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10 due to the outer wall panel 30, and the backing material 320 does not hinder the removal of the retaining wall panel 100. The retaining wall panel 100 is designed so that the backing material 320 does not hinder the removal of the retaining wall panel 100 due to the outer wall panel 30, making the removal of the retaining wall panel 100 easier and shortening the removal time.

[0078] Furthermore, at least one exterior wall panel 30 is actually a plurality of exterior wall panels 30 arranged in the second direction Z. Each of the plurality of exterior wall panels 30 covers a space S composed of at least one inner surface portion 16 and a plurality of intermediate wall portions 15, and closes the opening 19 of the space S that opens towards the ground in the excavated hole 301. As shown in Figure 10, the exterior wall panel 30 may be composed of a plurality of exterior wall panels 30, rather than just one exterior wall panel 30. In this configuration, the retaining wall panel 100 can omit the portion of the exterior wall panel 30 that is in contact with the outer surface portion 17 between the upper and lower openings 19. Therefore, a retaining wall panel 100 having a plurality of exterior wall panels 30 can reduce weight and material costs by using less material compared to a retaining wall panel 100 composed of a single exterior wall panel 30.

[0079] Furthermore, the main body 10 is provided continuously with the outer surface 17s at both ends of the second direction Z among the multiple outer surface 17s, and further has a pair of lateral flange portions 13 used for connecting with earth retaining panels 100 adjacent to the second direction Z. The earth retaining panels 100 can be configured to extend vertically by connecting vertically adjacent earth retaining panels 100 using the pair of lateral flange portions 13 to form an earth retaining structure 200.

[0080] Since the retaining wall structure 200 is composed of multiple retaining wall panels 100, it can achieve the same effects as the retaining wall panels 100. For example, the retaining wall structure 200, with its outer wall panels 30, prevents the backfill material 320 from interfering with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10, thus preventing the backfill material 320 from hindering the removal of the retaining wall structure 200. Because the retaining wall structure 200, with its outer wall panels 30, prevents the backfill material 320 from interfering with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10, and the backfill material 320 does not hinder the removal of the retaining wall structure 200, the removal of the retaining wall structure 200 becomes easier and the time required for removal is reduced. In addition, the retaining wall structure 200, with its outer wall panels 30, can improve the strength of the main body 10, thereby improving the rigidity of the retaining wall structure 200. Furthermore, the retaining wall structure 200 becomes easier to pull out and remove because the smoothness of the main body 10 is improved by the outer wall panel 30.

[0081] Embodiment 2. Figure 16 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of an earth retaining structure 200 composed of earth retaining panels 100 according to Embodiment 2. Figure 17 is a perspective view of the earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 2, viewed from inside the shaft. Figure 18 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 2. Components having the same function and operation as the earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted. Hereinafter, the configuration of Embodiment 2 will be described using Figures 16 to 18, focusing on the differences from Embodiment 1. Components not described in Embodiment 2 are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0082] The earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 2 has at least one inner wall plate 60 attached to the inner surface portion 16 which is the inner side surface of the earth retaining structure 200. The inner wall plate 60 is formed in a plate shape and is attached to the inner side portion 10b of the main body portion 10 which is the inner side surface of the shaft in the excavation hole 301 (see Figure 5). The inner wall plate 60 is, for example, a skin plate or a steel plate. The inner wall plate 60 shown in Figures 16 to 18 is a flat plate.

[0083] The interior wall panel 60 is formed to extend in the first direction X, which is the width direction of the retaining wall panel 100 from left to right, and in the second direction Z, which is the width direction of the retaining wall panel 100 from top to bottom. For example, the interior wall panel 60 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed in the third direction Y, but the shape of the interior wall panel 60 is not limited to a rectangular shape. The interior wall panel 60 has thickness in the third direction Y, which is the thickness direction of the retaining wall panel 100.

[0084] As shown in Figure 18, the earth retaining panel 100 has a plurality of inner surface portions 16 arranged in the second direction Z. In the earth retaining panel 100 shown in Figure 18, the inner wall plate 60 is attached so as to span across at least two of the plurality of inner surface portions 16. The inner wall plate 60 is a plate-shaped member that covers the space S1 formed by at least one outer surface portion 17 and a plurality of intermediate wall portions 15, and closes the opening 19a of the space S1 that opens to the inside of the shaft in the excavation hole 301. In other words, the inner wall plate 60 covers the space S1 formed by at least one outer surface portion 17 and a plurality of intermediate wall portions 15, and closes the opening 19a of the space S1 that opens to the inside of the cylinder in the earth retaining structure 200.

[0085] The inner wall panel 60 is attached to the inner surface portion 16 by welding. In the earth retaining panel 100 shown in Figure 18, the upper edge 60a of the inner wall panel 60 is fixed by welding to the upper of the two inner surface portions 16, and the lower edge 60b of the inner wall panel 60 is fixed by welding to the lower of the two inner surface portions 16. In other words, in the earth retaining panel 100 shown in Figure 18, the inner wall panel 60 is attached so as to span across two of the multiple inner surface portions 16.

[0086] In the retaining wall panel 100, the inner surface portion 16 to which the upper edge portion 60a of the inner wall panel 60 is attached and the inner surface portion 16 to which the lower edge portion 60b of the inner wall panel 60 is attached are different inner surface portions 16. In the retaining wall panel 100, there may be no other inner surface portion 16 between the inner surface portion 16 to which the upper edge portion 60a of the inner wall panel 60 is attached and the inner surface portion 16 to which the lower edge portion 60b of the inner wall panel 60 is attached, and only a space S1 may exist. Alternatively, in the retaining wall panel 100, there may be one or more other inner surface portions 16 between the inner surface portion 16 to which the upper edge portion 60a of the inner wall panel 60 is attached and the inner surface portion 16 to which the lower edge portion 60b of the inner wall panel 60 is attached.

[0087] The number of inner surface portions 16, the number of inner wall plates 60, and the fixing positions of the inner wall plates 60 are not limited to the illustrated example. Furthermore, the method of fixing the inner wall plates 60 is not limited to welding.

[0088] Figure 19 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of another configuration of the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 2. The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 19 has two inner wall panels 60 arranged vertically. In the retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 19, the upper inner wall panel 60 is fixed to the upper inner wall panel 16 of the two inner wall panels 16, and the lower inner wall panel 60 is fixed to the lower inner wall panel 16 of the two inner wall panels 16.

[0089] The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 19 has a plurality of inner surface portions 16 arranged in a second direction Z. Two inner wall plates 60 are attached to each of the plurality of inner surface portions 16. In the retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 19, the plate surface of the inner surface portion 16 and the plate surface of the inner wall plate 60 are arranged to face each other. In the retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 19, the inner wall plate 60 is arranged along the plate surface of the inner surface portion 16 so as to be in contact with the plate surface. Although two inner wall plates 60 are shown in Figure 19, there may be three or more inner wall plates 60. That is, the number of inner wall plates 60 may be one as shown in Figure 18, or multiple as shown in Figure 19.

[0090] [Effects of earth retaining panels 100 and earth retaining structures 200] The earth retaining panel 100 is a plate-shaped member and further has at least one inner wall plate 60 attached to the inner surface portion 16, which is the inner side surface of the earth retaining structure 200. The earth retaining panel 100 can improve the strength of the main body portion 10 by the inner wall plate 60, and can improve the rigidity of the earth retaining panel 100. Therefore, the earth retaining panel 100 having the inner wall plate 60 and the earth retaining structure 200 having the earth retaining panel 100 can be used in cases of large vertical shafts or high earth pressure, etc., compared to earth retaining panels without the inner wall plate 60.

[0091] Furthermore, the retaining wall panel 100 can improve the strength of the main body 10 by the inner wall panel 60 with the above configuration, thereby improving the rigidity of the retaining wall panel 100. Compared to the case where the inner wall panel 60 is not present, the rigidity during removal work can be improved. The retaining wall panel 100 has an inner wall panel 60 on the inner circumference side of the main body 10 and an outer wall panel 30 on the outer circumference side of the main body 10. The retaining wall panel 100 is reinforced in strength on both the inner and outer circumference sides by the inner wall panel 60 and the outer wall panel 30. In addition, the retaining wall panel 100 prevents the backing material 320 from interfering with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10 by the outer wall panel 30, thereby preventing the backing material 320 from hindering the removal work of the retaining wall panel 100.

[0092] Furthermore, at least one inner surface portion 16 is one of a plurality of inner surface portions 16 arranged in the second direction Z. At least one inner wall plate 60 covers the space S1 formed by at least one outer surface portion 17 and a plurality of intermediate wall portions 15, and closes the opening 19a of the space S1 that opens to the inside of the cylinder in the earth retaining structure 200. The earth retaining panel 100 can improve the strength of the main body portion 10 and improve the rigidity of the earth retaining panel 100 compared to a case where the opening 19a is not closed by the inner wall plate 60. For this reason, the earth retaining panel 100 having the inner wall plate 60 and the earth retaining structure 200 having the earth retaining panel 100 can be used in cases of large vertical shafts or large earth pressures, etc., compared to earth retaining panels without the inner wall plate 60.

[0093] Furthermore, the retaining wall panel 100 can improve the strength of the main body 10 by the inner wall panel 60 with the above configuration, thereby improving the rigidity of the retaining wall panel 100. Compared to the case where the inner wall panel 60 is not present, the rigidity during removal work can be improved. The retaining wall panel 100 has an inner wall panel 60 on the inner circumference side of the main body 10 and an outer wall panel 30 on the outer circumference side of the main body 10. The retaining wall panel 100 is reinforced in strength on both the inner and outer circumference sides by the inner wall panel 60 and the outer wall panel 30. In addition, the retaining wall panel 100 prevents the backing material 320 from interfering with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10 by the outer wall panel 30, thereby preventing the backing material 320 from hindering the removal work of the retaining wall panel 100.

[0094] Furthermore, at least one inner surface portion 16 is one of a plurality of inner surface portions 16 arranged in the second direction Z. At least one inner wall plate 60 is one of a plurality of inner wall plates 60 attached to each of the plurality of inner surface portions 16. With this configuration, the retaining wall panel 100 can improve the strength of the main body portion 10 and improve the rigidity of the retaining wall panel 100 compared to the case in which the inner wall plates 60 are not attached to the inner surface portions 16. For this reason, the retaining wall panel 100 having inner wall plates 60 and the retaining wall structure 200 having said retaining wall panel 100 can be used in cases of large vertical shafts or large earth pressures compared to retaining wall panels without inner wall plates 60.

[0095] Furthermore, the retaining wall panel 100 can improve the strength of the main body 10 by the inner wall panel 60 with the above configuration, thereby improving the rigidity of the retaining wall panel 100. Compared to the case where the inner wall panel 60 is not present, the rigidity during removal work can be improved. The retaining wall panel 100 has an inner wall panel 60 on the inner circumference side of the main body 10 and an outer wall panel 30 on the outer circumference side of the main body 10. The retaining wall panel 100 is reinforced in strength on both the inner and outer circumference sides by the inner wall panel 60 and the outer wall panel 30. In addition, the retaining wall panel 100 prevents the backing material 320 from interfering with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10 by the outer wall panel 30, thereby preventing the backing material 320 from hindering the removal work of the retaining wall panel 100.

[0096] Since the earth retaining structure 200 is composed of multiple earth retaining panels 100, it can achieve the same effect as the earth retaining panels 100. For example, the earth retaining structure 200 can improve the strength of the earth retaining panels 100 by using the inner wall plates 60, thereby improving the rigidity of the earth retaining panels 100. Therefore, the earth retaining structure 200 having inner wall plates 60 can be used in cases of large vertical shafts or high earth pressures, compared to the earth retaining structure 200 without inner wall plates 60.

[0097] Furthermore, the retaining wall structure 200 can improve the strength of the main body 10 and the rigidity of the retaining wall panel 100 by the inner wall panel 60 configured as described above. Therefore, compared to a case where the inner wall panel 60 is not present, the rigidity during removal work can be improved.

[0098] Furthermore, the exterior wall panels 30 of the retaining structure 200 prevent the backfill material 320 from interfering with the uneven surfaces 111 of the main body 10, thus preventing the backfill material 320 from hindering the removal of the retaining structure 200. The exterior wall panels 30 of the retaining structure 200 prevent the backfill material 320 from interfering with the uneven surfaces 111 of the main body 10, and since the backfill material 320 does not hinder the removal of the retaining structure 200, the removal of the retaining structure 200 becomes easier and the time required for removal is reduced. In addition, the exterior wall panels 30 of the retaining structure 200 improve the strength of the main body 10, thereby improving the rigidity of the retaining structure 200. Furthermore, the exterior wall panels 30 improve the smoothness of the main body 10 of the retaining structure 200, making it easier to pull out and thus easier to remove.

[0099] Since the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200 have an outer wall panel 30, they can exhibit the same effects as the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200 according to Embodiment 1.

[0100] Embodiment 3. Figure 20 is a perspective view of the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 3, as seen from the ground side. Figure 21 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 3. Components having the same function and operation as those of the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiments 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted. Hereinafter, the configuration of Embodiment 3 will be described using Figures 20 to 21, focusing on the differences from Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. Components not described in Embodiment 3 are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.

[0101] The outer wall panel 30 of the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 3 has at least one guide portion 31 protruding from the side opposite to the side where the plurality of outer surface portions 17 are arranged. The guide portion 31 is formed in a columnar shape extending in the second direction Z. The guide portion 31 is provided so as to protrude from the surface of the outer wall panel 30. In a cross section perpendicular to the second direction Z, the guide portion 31 is formed in a rectangular shape. The cross-sectional shape of the guide portion 31 is not limited to a rectangular shape, but may be a triangle or other polygonal shape, or a semicircular or circular shape.

[0102] The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 20 has two guide sections 31 in the first direction X, but the number of guide sections 31 in the first direction X may be one or more. The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 20 has one guide section 31 in the second direction Z, but the number of guide sections 31 in the second direction Z may be one or more.

[0103] Figure 22 is a perspective view showing another example of the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 3. The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 22 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed in the third direction Y, which is the thickness direction of the retaining wall panel 100, and in an arc shape when viewed in the second direction Z, which is the width direction of the retaining wall panel 100. As shown in Figure 22, the retaining wall panel 100 is formed in an arc shape when viewed in the second direction Z, and may be formed in a curved shape overall.

[0104] [Effects of earth retaining panels 100 and earth retaining structures 200] At least one outer wall panel 30 of the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200 has at least one guide portion 31 protruding from the side opposite to the side where the plurality of outer surface portions 17 are arranged. The at least one guide portion 31 is formed in a columnar shape extending in the second direction Z. Because the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200 have the guide portion 31, horizontal movement in the first direction X or the circumferential direction is restricted. In the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200, the guide portion 31 can prevent rotation or horizontal movement when the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200 are installed or removed.

[0105] Since the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 have an outer wall panel 30, they can exhibit the same effects as the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 according to Embodiment 1. Furthermore, if the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 have an inner wall panel 60, they can exhibit the same effects as the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 according to Embodiment 2.

[0106] Embodiment 4. Figure 23 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 4. Components having the same function and operation as those in the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiments 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted. Hereinafter, the configuration of Embodiment 4 will be described using Figure 23, focusing on the differences from Embodiments 1 to 3. Components not described in Embodiment 4 are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 3.

[0107] The outer wall panel 30 of the retaining wall panel 100 according to Embodiment 4 has at least one projection 32 that protrudes into space S from the side of the arrangement of the plurality of outer surface portions 17. The projection 32 is formed to extend in a first direction X. The projection 32 is provided along either the upper edge portion 30a or the lower edge portion 30b of the outer wall panel 30, or both. The projection 32 is formed, for example, by bending one or both portions of both ends of the outer wall panel 30 in a second direction Z.

[0108] The projection 32 is formed in a columnar shape extending in the first direction X. The projection 32 is provided so as to protrude from the inner surface of the outer wall plate 30 toward the inside of the tunnel. The tip of the projection 32 is located in space S. In a cross section perpendicular to the first direction X, the projection 32 is formed in a rectangular shape. However, the cross-sectional shape of the projection 32 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a triangle or other polygonal shape, or a semicircular or circular shape.

[0109] The retaining wall panel 100 shown in Figure 23 has two protrusions 32 in the second direction Z, but the number of protrusions 32 in the second direction Z may be one or more. The retaining wall panel 100 has one protrusion 32 in the first direction X, but the number of protrusions 32 in the first direction X may be one or more.

[0110] Figure 24 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of another configuration of the earth retaining panel 100 according to Embodiment 4. The earth retaining panel 100 shown in Figure 24 has two outer wall panels 30 arranged vertically. Each of the two outer wall panels 30 arranged vertically has a projection 32.

[0111] [Effects of earth retaining panels 100 and earth retaining structures 200] Each retaining wall panel 100 and at least one outer wall panel 30 of the retaining wall structure 200 has at least one projection 32 that protrudes into space S from the side of the arrangement of the plurality of outer surface portions 17. The at least one projection 32 is formed to extend in a first direction X and is provided along either the upper edge 30a or the lower edge 30b of the at least one outer wall panel 30, or both.

[0112] The retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200 can improve the strength of the main body 10 by having an outer wall plate 30 with a projection 32 compared to a case where the projection 32 is not present, thereby improving the rigidity of the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200. Therefore, the retaining wall panel 100 with a projection 32 and the retaining wall structure 200 having said retaining wall panel 100 can be used, for example, in cases of large vertical shafts or high earth pressure compared to retaining wall panels without a projection 32. In addition, the retaining wall panel 100 and the retaining wall structure 200 have an outer wall plate 30 on the outer periphery of the main body 10. With the outer wall plate 30, the backfill material 320 does not interfere with the uneven parts 111 of the main body 10, and the backfill material 320 does not hinder the removal work of the retaining wall panel 100.

[0113] Since the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 have an outer wall panel 30, they can exhibit the same effects as the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 according to Embodiment 1. Furthermore, if the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 have an inner wall panel 60, they can exhibit the same effects as the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 according to Embodiment 2. Furthermore, if the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 have an outer wall panel 30 according to Embodiment 3, they can exhibit the same effects as the retaining wall panel 100 and retaining wall structure 200 according to Embodiment 3.

[0114] The configurations shown in the above embodiments are examples only, and can be combined with other known technologies. Furthermore, parts of the configuration can be omitted or modified without departing from the spirit of the invention. Each of the above embodiments 1 to 4 can be implemented in combination with one another.

[0115] The earth retaining panels and earth retaining structures 200 described above may also include combinations of the features shown in the following appendices 1 to 12. These combinations are shown below. [Note 1] A retaining wall panel used to construct a cylindrical retaining wall structure by being installed in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, A flat plate-shaped member comprising a pair of connecting plates arranged to face each other in a first direction, A main body portion is provided between the pair of connecting plates, and has a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction that is formed in a corrugated shape, An outer wall plate attached to the outer side portion of the main body that is the side facing the ground in the aforementioned excavation hole, comprising at least one outer wall plate that closes the space formed by the corrugation of the main body, Earth retention panels equipped with these features. [Note 2] The main body is, In the aforementioned excavated hole, there are a plurality of outer surface portions facing the ground and arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, Among the plurality of outer surface portions, at least one inner surface portion is provided between adjacent outer surface portions in the second direction, and is located on the cylindrical side of the earth retaining structure relative to the plurality of outer surface portions, In a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions, a plurality of intermediate wall portions extend to connect the plurality of outer surface portions and the at least one inner surface portion, It has, The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is The earth retaining panel described in Appendix 1 is a plate-shaped member that is attached so as to span across at least two of the aforementioned plurality of outer surface portions, covers the space formed by the at least one inner surface portion and the plurality of intermediate wall portions, and closes the opening of the space that opens to the ground side in the excavated hole. [Note 3] The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is These are a plurality of exterior wall panels arranged in the second direction, Each of the aforementioned multiple exterior wall panels is, The earth retaining panel according to Appendix 2, which covers the space formed by the at least one inner surface portion and the plurality of intermediate wall portions, and closes the opening of the space that opens to the ground side in the excavation hole. [Note 4] The earth retaining panel according to Appendix 2 or 3, which is a plate-shaped member and further has at least one inner wall plate attached to the at least one inner surface portion that forms the inner side of the cylinder of the earth retaining structure. [Note 5] The at least one inner surface portion is, These are a plurality of inner surface portions arranged in the second direction, The aforementioned at least one interior wall panel is The retaining wall panel according to Appendix 4, which covers the space formed by the at least one outer surface portion and the plurality of intermediate wall portions, and closes the opening of the space that opens to the inside of the cylinder in the retaining wall structure. [Note 6] The at least one inner surface portion is, These are a plurality of inner surface portions arranged in the second direction, The aforementioned at least one interior wall panel is The earth retaining panel described in Appendix 4 is a plurality of inner wall plates attached to each of the plurality of inner surfaces. [Note 7] The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is It has at least one guide portion that protrudes from the side opposite to the side on which the plurality of outer surface portions are arranged, The at least one guide portion is, A retaining wall panel as described in any one of the appendices 2 to 6, which is formed in a columnar shape extending in the second direction. [Note 8] The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is It has at least one projection that protrudes into the space from the side on which the plurality of outer surface portions are arranged, The aforementioned at least one projection is A retaining wall panel according to any one of the appendices 2 to 7, which is formed to extend in the first direction and is provided along either the upper edge or the lower edge of at least one exterior wall panel, or both. [Note 9] The main body is, The earth retaining panel according to any one of the appendices 2 to 8, further comprising a pair of lateral flange portions provided continuously with the outer surface portions at both ends in the second direction among the plurality of outer surface portions, and used for connecting with an adjacent earth retaining panel in the second direction. [Note 10] The waveform of the main body is A retaining wall panel according to any one of the appendices 1 to 9, wherein the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction is formed in a rectangular wave shape. [Note 11] The waveform of the main body is A retaining wall panel according to any one of the appendices 1 to 9, wherein the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction is formed in the shape of a sine curve. [Note 12] Having multiple earth-retaining panels as described in any one of the appendices 1 to 11, A retaining wall structure formed in a cylindrical shape by combining the aforementioned multiple retaining wall panels. [Explanation of symbols]

[0116] 10 Main body, 10a Side section, 10b Side section, 13 Side flange section, 13a Connecting hole, 15 Intermediate wall section, 16 Inner side section, 17 Outer side section, 19 Opening, 19a Opening, 20 Connecting plate, 21 Connecting hole, 30 Outer wall panel, 30a Upper edge section, 30b Lower edge section, 30d Outer surface, 31 Guide section, 32 Protrusion, 41 Corner member, 60 Inner wall panel, 60a Upper edge section, 60b Lower edge section, 100 Retaining wall panel, 100L Retaining wall panel, 101 First retaining wall panel, 102 Second retaining wall panel, 111 Uneven section, 200 Retaining wall structure, 200L Retaining wall structure, 201 Structure, 300 Ground, 301 Excavation hole, 303 Wall surface, 320 Backing material, 400 grid, L1 distance, N neutral axis, S space, S1 space, X first direction, Y third direction, Z second direction.

Claims

1. A retaining wall panel used to construct a cylindrical retaining wall structure by being installed in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, A flat plate-shaped member comprising a pair of connecting plates arranged to face each other in a first direction, A main body portion is provided between the pair of connecting plates, and has a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction that is formed in a corrugated shape, An outer wall plate attached to the outer side portion of the main body that is the side facing the ground in the aforementioned excavation hole, comprising at least one outer wall plate that closes the space formed by the corrugation of the main body, Earth retention panels equipped with these features.

2. The main body is, In the aforementioned excavation hole, there are a plurality of outer surfaces facing the ground and arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, Among the plurality of outer surface portions, at least one inner surface portion is provided between adjacent outer surface portions in the second direction, and is located on the cylindrical side of the earth retaining structure relative to the plurality of outer surface portions, In a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions, a plurality of intermediate wall portions extend to connect the plurality of outer surface portions and the at least one inner surface portion, It has, The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is The earth retaining panel according to claim 1, which is a plate-shaped member that is attached so as to span across at least two of the plurality of outer surface portions, covers the space formed by the at least one inner surface portion and the plurality of intermediate wall portions, and closes the opening of the space that opens to the ground side in the excavation hole.

3. The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is These are a plurality of exterior wall panels arranged in the second direction, Each of the aforementioned multiple exterior wall panels is, The earth retaining panel according to claim 2, which covers the space formed by the at least one inner surface portion and the plurality of intermediate wall portions, and closes the opening of the space that opens to the ground side in the excavation hole.

4. The earth retaining panel according to claim 2 or 3, comprising a plate-shaped member, further comprising at least one inner wall plate attached to the at least one inner surface portion which is the inner side surface of the earth retaining structure.

5. The at least one inner surface portion is These are a plurality of inner surface portions arranged in the second direction, The aforementioned at least one interior wall panel is The earth retaining panel according to claim 4, which covers the space formed by the at least one outer surface portion and the plurality of intermediate wall portions, and closes the opening of the space that opens to the inside of the cylinder in the earth retaining structure.

6. The at least one inner surface portion is These are a plurality of inner surface portions arranged in the second direction, The aforementioned at least one interior wall panel is The earth retaining panel according to claim 4, which is a plurality of inner wall plates attached to each of the plurality of inner surface portions.

7. The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is It has at least one guide portion that protrudes from the side opposite to the side on which the plurality of outer surface portions are arranged, The at least one guide portion is, The earth retaining panel according to claim 2 or 3, which is formed in a columnar shape extending in the second direction.

8. The aforementioned at least one exterior wall panel is It has at least one projection that protrudes into the space from the side on which the plurality of outer surface portions are arranged, The aforementioned at least one projection is The earth retaining panel according to claim 2 or 3, which is formed to extend in the first direction and is provided along either the upper edge or the lower edge of at least one of the outer wall panels, or both.

9. The main body is, The earth retaining panel according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a pair of lateral flange portions provided continuously with the outer surface portions at both ends in the second direction among the plurality of outer surface portions, and used for connecting with an adjacent earth retaining panel in the second direction.

10. The waveform of the main body is The earth retaining panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction is formed in a rectangular wave shape.

11. The waveform of the main body is The earth retaining panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction is formed in the shape of a sine curve.

12. Having a plurality of earth retaining panels according to any one of claims 1 to 3, A retaining wall structure formed in a cylindrical shape by combining the aforementioned multiple retaining wall panels.

Images