Protruding members, piping members, piping systems

Abstract

To provide a protruding member, piping member, and piping system that can improve flow rate while enabling miniaturization. [Solution] The projection member 6 is positioned inside a straight pipe (vertical pipe 3) located downstream of an elbow (second elbow 5-2) that changes the direction of the flow path, thereby partially reducing the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe. The projection member 6 comprises a first end 6a facing upstream and a second end 6b facing downstream, and a top portion 6e located between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3. The projection member 6 satisfies the following conditions: 25mm ≤ D ≤ 160mm, 0.1D ≤ L1 ≤ 1.0D, 0.2D ≤ L2 ≤ 3.0D, and 0.1D ≤ h ≤ 0.5D, where D is the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3, L1 is the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, L2 is the distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, and h is the height at the top 6e.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a siphon rain gutter system. The siphon rain gutter system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes an eaves gutter, a cylindrical portion penetrating a water inlet formed on the bottom surface of the eaves gutter, a siphon generating portion for generating a siphon phenomenon, and an elbow. The elbow is installed on the downstream side of the siphon rain gutter system. The elbow includes a curved pipe portion and receiving ports provided at both ends of the curved pipe portion. In the curved pipe portion when viewed in a cross section in a plane including the pipe axis of the curved pipe portion, the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface on the inner peripheral side is larger than 64 mm and smaller than 100 mm.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, although an improvement in flow rate can be expected, the elbow becomes relatively large.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system that can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] A projection member according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a projection member that is positioned in a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of a flow path, and partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe, comprising a first end facing upstream and a second end facing downstream, and a top portion located between the first end and the second end that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe, wherein, if the inner diameter of the straight pipe is D, the distance L1 between the first end and the top portion in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L1, the distance L2 between the top portion and the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L2, and the height at the top portion is h, then the following conditions are satisfied: 25 mm ≤ D ≤ 160 mm, 0.1 D ≤ L1 ≤ 1.0 D, 0.2 D ≤ L2 ≤ 3.0 D, and 0.1 D ≤ h ≤ 0.5 D.

[0007] A piping member according to one aspect of this disclosure comprises the above-mentioned projection member, an elbow, and a straight pipe.

[0008] A piping system according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises a vertical pipe, a horizontal pipe between the inlet and the vertical pipe, a first elbow between the inlet and the horizontal pipe, a second elbow between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe, and the above-mentioned protruding member which is arranged as a straight pipe for at least a portion of the vertical pipe. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] The embodiments of this disclosure enable miniaturization while improving flow rate. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of the piping system according to the embodiment [Figure 2] Cross-sectional view of an elbow in a piping system according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] Plan view of the first receiving end of the elbow of the piping system according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] Plan view of the second socket side of the elbow of the piping system according to the embodiment. [Figure 5] Exploded perspective view of a piping member according to the embodiment. [Figure 6] Cross-sectional view of a piping member according to an embodiment [Figure 7] Cross-sectional view of line AA in Figure 6 [Figure 8] Perspective cross-sectional view of the piping member according to the embodiment [Figure 9] View of the protruding member of the piping system according to the embodiment as seen from the first end [Figure 10] View of the protruding member of the piping system according to the embodiment as seen from the second end [Figure 11] Diagram of the simulation of the pressure distribution in the piping member according to the comparative example [Figure 12] Diagram of the simulation of the velocity distribution in the piping member according to the comparative example [Figure 13] Diagram of the simulation of the pressure distribution in the piping member according to the embodiment [Figure 14] Diagram of the simulation of the velocity distribution in the piping member according to the embodiment [Figure 15] Schematic diagram of the piping system according to the modification [Figure 16] Cross-sectional view of the elbow of the piping system according to the modification

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] [1. Embodiment] Hereinafter, the embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, a more detailed description than necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and redundant descriptions of substantially the same configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid making the following description unnecessarily redundant and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. The inventors provide the accompanying drawings and the following description so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the present disclosure, and do not intend to limit the subject matter described in the claims thereby.

[0012] Unless otherwise specified, the positional relationships such as up and down, left and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings. Each of the drawings described in the following embodiments is a schematic diagram, and the ratios of the sizes and thicknesses of the respective components in each drawing do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios. Also, the dimensional ratios of the respective elements are not limited to the ratios shown in the drawings.

[0013] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between a plurality of components from each other, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are attached to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from each other by the reference numerals attached to them, the prefixes such as "first" and "second" may be omitted in consideration of the readability of the text.

[0014] [1.1 Configuration] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1 according to an embodiment. The piping system 1 is for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. A fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more can be said to be a fluid in which the flow inside the cylinder becomes a turbulent flow. Examples of the fluid include liquids (drinking water, heat source water, drainage, oil, etc.), gases (air, steam, etc.), and gas-liquid two-phase flows (mixtures of liquids and gases). In the present embodiment, the piping system 1 is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1 is a rain gutter system that receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11 and flows it to the step portion 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1 constitutes a flow path for rainwater. The rainwater collected in the step portion 21 flows out from the step portion 21 through the buried pipe 22 into the rainwater pipe. The building 11 is, for example, a building of a non-residential facility such as a store, an office, a factory, a building, a school, a welfare facility, or a hospital, and a residential facility such as a detached house, an apartment house, or each household of a detached house or an apartment house. Non-residential facilities also include theaters, movie theaters, halls, game arcades, complex facilities, department stores, hotels, inns, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping streets, stations, and airports, etc.

[0015] The piping system 1 includes a eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, elbows 5 (first elbow 5-1 and second elbow 5-2), a protruding member 6, and a drain 7.

[0016] The gutter 2 receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11. The gutter 2 is installed beneath the roof 11a of the building 11. As an example, the gutter 2 is positioned at the eaves of the roof 11a. In particular, the gutter 2 is positioned to extend along the eaves of the roof 11a. The gutter 2 is a long, barrel-shaped structure. The gutter 2 has a bottom wall 2a. An inlet 2b is formed in the bottom wall 2a, depending on the overall design of the piping system 1. The inlet 2b is, for example, a circular opening. In a rain gutter system, the inlet 2b is also called a water collection port, drain port, or outlet. As an example, the gutter 2 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The gutter 2 may have a core material to reinforce the overall strength of the gutter 2. The core material may be, for example, metal. As an alternative example, the gutter 2 may be formed from a metal sheet, for example, a steel sheet (also called a coil).

[0017] The drain 7 is positioned at the inlet 2b of the gutter 2. The drain 7 reduces the generation of vortices and air entrainment at the inlet 2b. The drain 7 may contribute to the generation of a siphon effect. The drain 7 may have a well-known configuration.

[0018] In piping system 1, the vertical pipe 3 is not directly connected to the inlet 2b, but is connected to the inlet 2b via the horizontal pipe 4, the first elbow 5-1, and the second elbow 5-2.

[0019] The vertical pipe 3 defines the vertical flow path. The vertical pipe 3 is fixed to the wall 11b of the building 11. In a rain gutter system, the vertical pipe 3 is also called a downpipe. The vertical pipe 3 is installed to drain rainwater from the inlet 2b. The vertical pipe 3 allows rainwater from the inlet 2b to flow vertically. The vertical pipe 3 is straight. The cross-section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is circular. The vertical pipe 3 is positioned so that the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 coincides with the vertical direction. The vertical pipe 3 has an upstream end 3a and a downstream end 3b. The upstream end 3a is the end of the vertical pipe 3 that is connected to the inlet 2b (the upper end in Figure 1). The downstream end 3b is the end of the vertical pipe 3 that is inserted into the manhole 21 (the lower end in Figure 1). In Figure 1, a pipe cover 34 is positioned to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through the gap between the vertical pipe 3 and the manhole 21.

[0020] The vertical pipe 3 is composed of multiple pipe materials. The vertical pipe 3 comprises straight pipes 31 and 32, and a connecting joint 33 that connects the straight pipes 31 and 32 to each other. Straight pipe 31 is the downstream portion of the vertical pipe 3, and straight pipe 32 is the upstream portion of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, straight pipe 31 is longer than straight pipe 32. The first end of straight pipe 32 (upper end in Figure 1) defines the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3, and the second end of straight pipe 32 (lower end in Figure 1) is connected to the first end of straight pipe 31 (upper end in Figure 1) via the connecting joint 33, defining the downstream end 3b of the vertical pipe 3.

[0021] The horizontal pipe 4 defines a flow path that intersects the vertical direction. In a rain gutter system, the horizontal pipe 4 is also called a connecting pipe. The horizontal pipe 4 is the part that carries rainwater from the building 11 from the inlet 2b to the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is located between the rainwater inlet 2b from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is circular. The horizontal pipe 4 is fixed so that the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is inclined with respect to the up and down direction (vertical direction). The horizontal pipe 4 has an upstream end 4a and a downstream end 4b. The upstream end 4a is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that connects to the inlet 2b (the left end in Figure 1). The downstream end 4b is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that connects to the vertical pipe 3 (the right end in Figure 1).

[0022] For example, the material of the vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4, for example, the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes". The dimensions of the connecting fitting 33, for example, the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for sockets of JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage".

[0023] Table 1 shows an example of nominal diameters for VP rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes in the JIS K 6741 standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general). In Table 1, the units for outer diameter (standard dimension), thickness (minimum dimension), and approximate inner diameter are mm.

[0024] [Table 1]

[0025] Table 2 shows an example of nominal diameters for VU rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes in the JIS K 6741 standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general). In Table 2, the units for outer diameter (standard dimension), thickness (minimum dimension), and approximate inner diameter are mm.

[0026] [Table 2]

[0027] For example, the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4 may be between 25 mm and 160 mm. The size of the vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4 can be the nominal diameter mentioned above, or it may be a size set by a manufacturer that sells pipes, etc. Examples include 60 mm, 76 mm, 89 mm, 114 mm, and 140 mm.

[0028] The first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 are bent pipes that change the direction of the flow path. The first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 are connecting fittings that connect flow paths with different directions, such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe.

[0029] The first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 will be described in more detail below with reference to Figures 2 to 4. Since the first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 have the same structure, in the following description, they will not be distinguished and will simply be referred to as elbow 5.

[0030] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the elbow 5. The elbow 5 comprises a first socket 51, a second socket 52, and a curved pipe section 53 located between the first socket 51 and the second socket 52.

[0031] Figure 3 is a plan view of the elbow 5 from the side of the first socket 51 (i.e., a view of the elbow 5 from the side of the first socket 51). The first socket 51 is used to connect a piping member upstream of the elbow 5 (drain 7 in the case of the first elbow 5-1, and horizontal pipe 4 in the case of the second elbow 5-2) to the elbow 5. The first socket 51 is straight. The first socket 51 has an inner circumferential surface 511 and an outer circumferential surface 512. The cross-section of the first socket 51 perpendicular to the central axis C51 is circular. The outer diameter of the first socket 51 is constant in the direction of the central axis C51. The first socket 51 has a first insertion port 51a at the end opposite to the curved pipe section 53 in the direction of the central axis C51. In this embodiment, the first insertion port 51a is a circular opening. The inner diameter of the first socket 51a is larger than the outer diameter of the piping member connected to the first socket 51. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the first socket 51a is set to correspond to a piping member with the same outer diameter.

[0032] Figure 4 is a plan view of the elbow 5 from the second socket 52 side (i.e., a view of the elbow 5 from the second socket 52 side). The second socket 52 is used to connect a piping member downstream of the elbow 5 (the horizontal pipe 4 in the case of the first elbow 5-1, and the vertical pipe 3 in the case of the second elbow 5-2) to the elbow 5. The second socket 52 is straight. The second socket 52 has an inner circumferential surface 521 and an outer circumferential surface 522. The cross-section of the second socket 52 perpendicular to the central axis C52 is circular. The outer diameter of the second socket 52 is constant in the direction of the central axis C52. The second socket 52 has a second insertion port 52a at the end opposite to the curved pipe section 53 in the direction of the central axis C52. In this embodiment, the second insertion port 52a is a circular opening. The inner diameter of the second socket 52a is larger than the outer diameter of the piping member connected to the second socket 52. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the second socket 52a is set to correspond to piping of the same outer diameter.

[0033] As shown in Figure 2, the central axis C52 of the second socket 52 intersects with the central axis C51 of the first socket 51. The angle θ between the central axis C51 of the first socket 51 and the central axis C52 of the second socket 52 is between 91° and 135°. In this embodiment, θ is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage".

[0034] The sizes of the first socket 51 and the second socket 52 (especially the outer diameter, thickness, inner diameter, etc.) may be set appropriately according to the size of the piping member connected to the elbow 5. The nominal diameters shown in Tables 1 and 2 can be used for the piping member.

[0035] The curved pipe section 53 connects the first receiving port 51 and the second receiving port 52. In this embodiment, the curved pipe section 53 connects the first receiving port 51 and the second receiving port 52 in a continuous, integrated manner. The internal space of the second receiving port 52 and the internal space of the first receiving port 51 are connected via the internal space of the curved pipe section 53.

[0036] The curved pipe section 53 has a shape like a straight pipe bent at a right angle, and has an inner circumferential surface 531 and an outer circumferential surface 532. The inner circumferential surface 531 is connected to the inner circumferential surface 511 of the first receiving opening 51 and the inner circumferential surface of the second receiving opening 52. In particular, the inner circumferential surface 531 includes a first surface 532a that connects seamlessly to the outer circumferential surface 512 of the first receiving opening 51, and a second surface 532b that connects seamlessly to the outer circumferential surface 512 of the second receiving opening 52. The outer circumferential surface 532 is connected to the inner circumferential surface 511 of the first receiving opening 51 and the inner circumferential surface of the second receiving opening 52.

[0037] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the inner diameter of the first socket 51 is not constant in the direction of the central axis C51 of the first socket 51. The inner circumferential surface 511 of the first socket 51 includes an inclined portion 511a in which the inner diameter of the first socket 51 decreases as it moves from the first insertion port 51a toward the curved pipe portion 53 in the direction of the central axis C51 of the first socket 51. The inclined portion 511a contacts the piping member inserted into the first socket 51a from the first insertion port 51a, stabilizing the connection state of the piping to the first socket 51. In other words, this configuration enables improved stability of the connection to the first insertion port 51a. Here, it is preferable that the inner diameter of the first socket 51 at the inclined portion 511a is larger than the inner diameter of the piping member inserted into the first socket 51a from the first insertion port 51a. This makes it possible to ignore the influence of the inclined portion 511a on the flow path of the piping inserted from the first insertion port 51a to the first receiving port 51.

[0038] As shown in Figure 2, the elbow 5 comprises an inner cylinder portion 54 and a connecting portion 55. In this embodiment, the inner cylinder portion 54 and the connecting portion 55 are formed continuously and integrally with the curved pipe portion 53.

[0039] The inner cylinder portion 54 is straight. The inner cylinder portion 54 has an inner circumferential surface 541 and an outer circumferential surface 542. The cross-section of the inner cylinder portion 54 perpendicular to the central axis C54 is circular. The outer diameter and inner diameter of the inner cylinder portion 54 are substantially constant in the direction of the central axis C54. The wall thickness of the inner cylinder portion 54 is smaller than the wall thickness of the second receiving opening 52. This reduces the reduction in the flow path cross-sectional area caused by the inner cylinder portion 54 and reduces the influence of the inner cylinder portion 54 on the flow path.

[0040] The inner cylinder portion 54 is positioned within the second receiving port 52 such that its central axis C54 coincides with the central axis C52 of the second receiving port 52. A gap G is formed between the inner circumferential surface 521 of the second receiving port 52 and the outer circumferential surface 542 of the inner cylinder portion 54, into which the end of the piping member connected to the second insertion port 52a fits. The length of the inner cylinder portion 54 is set so that it does not extend beyond the second insertion port 52a.

[0041] The connecting portion 55 connects the inner cylinder portion 54 to the curved pipe portion 53. In this embodiment, the connecting portion 55 connects the entire circumference of the end of the inner cylinder portion 54 opposite to the second insertion port 52a (the upstream end) to the inner circumferential surface 531 of the curved pipe portion 53. The connecting portion 55 is formed around the entire circumference of the inner circumferential surface 531 of the curved pipe portion 53 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C52 of the second receiving port 52.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2, the elbow 5 comprises an inner cylinder portion 54 and a connecting portion 55, with the first receiving port 51, the connecting portion 55, and the inner cylinder portion 54 defining the inner circumferential surface of the elbow 5. Here, the boundary portion between the inner cylinder portion 54 and the connecting portion 55 forms the inner circumferential corner portion 50a of the elbow 5. The inner circumferential surface on the outer circumferential side of the elbow 5 has a corner portion 50b. The corner portion 50b is the outer circumferential corner portion of the inner circumferential surface 531 of the curved pipe portion 53. When there is a corner portion 50b, the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface on the outer circumferential side of the elbow 5 is expressed as the radius of curvature at the corner portion 50b in a plane passing through the central axes C51, C52. In this embodiment, the curved pipe portion 53 has a shape like a straight pipe bent at a right angle, and the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface on the outer circumferential side of the elbow 5 is less than 5 mm.

[0043] The piping system 1 includes a first elbow 5-1 and a second elbow 5-2. The direction of the flow path changes in each of the first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2. When the direction of the flow path changes, pressure loss due to separation can be one of the causes of a decrease in flow rate. In this embodiment, a projection member 6 is provided to reduce the decrease in flow rate due to pressure loss caused by the second elbow 5-2.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1, the projection member 6 is located downstream of the second elbow 5-2. More specifically, the projection member 6 is located on the inner circumference of the second elbow 5-2 within the vertical pipe 3, which is the straight pipe section downstream of the second elbow 5-2, and is used to partially reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the vertical pipe 3.

[0045] The projection member 6 is positioned within a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of the flow path, and is used to partially reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe. In the piping system 1, the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3 is positioned downstream of the second elbow 5-2 that changes the direction of the flow path. The projection member 6 is positioned so that at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is a straight pipe. In this embodiment, at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is a straight pipe 32.

[0046] The protruding member 6, together with the straight pipe 32 on which the protruding member 6 is placed and the elbow 5 (second elbow 5-2) to which the straight pipe 32 is connected, constitutes the piping member 10. In this embodiment, the piping member 10 is made up of a part of the vertical pipe 3 (straight pipe 32) rather than the entire vertical pipe 3, making it easy to transport.

[0047] Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10. The piping member 10 comprises a straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3, a projection member 6, and a second elbow 5-2.

[0048] As shown in Figure 5, the projection member 6 has a size that allows it to be placed inside the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3, i.e., it has a length, width, and height (thickness).

[0049] In this embodiment, the projection member 6 and the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3 are separate components and can be made of different materials. Examples of materials for the projection member 6 include resins such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rigid polyvinyl chloride (rigid PVC), PMMA, ABS, and ASA, or metals such as steel, aluminum, and stainless steel (rust-resistant metals). In particular, the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the projection member 6 and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the part to which the projection member 6 is attached (in this embodiment, the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3) is 4.7 × 10⁻⁶. -5 Preferably, 3.5 × 10 -5 The following is preferable. This reduces the possibility of the protruding member 6 peeling off due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences (for example, temperature differences between summer and winter). For example, the material of the protruding member 6 may be ASA and the material of the vertical pipe 3 may be PVC.

[0050] The projection member 6 has a first surface 60a and a second surface 60b. The first surface 60a is the surface facing the inner side 30b of the inner surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. The second surface 60b is on the opposite side of the first surface 60a and acts on (contacts) the fluid flowing through the channel. The first surface 60a and the second surface 60b are both surfaces of the projection member 6 in a first direction. The first direction corresponds to the height of the projection member 6.

[0051] The projection member 6 has a first end 6a and a second end 6b in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second direction corresponds to the length of the projection member 6. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are the ends of the projection member 6 in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction of the projection member 6 coincides with the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. Therefore, the second direction is also the direction along the flow path of the vertical pipe 3. The first end 6a is directed upstream, and the second end 6b is directed downstream. A fluid flow occurs in the projection member 6 from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0052] The projection member 6 has a third end 6c and a fourth end 6d in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions, respectively. The third direction corresponds to the width of the projection member 6. The third end 6c and the fourth end 6d are the ends of the projection member 6 in the width direction. The width direction of the projection member 6 is perpendicular to the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The projection member 6 has an external shape that is mirror-symmetric with respect to the plane perpendicular to the third direction.

[0053] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Figure 6. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the piping member 10. Figure 9 is a plan view of the piping member 10. Figure 10 is a bottom view of the piping member 10.

[0054] As shown in Figures 6, 8 to 10, the first surface 60a is used to fix the projection member 6 to the vertical pipe 3. The first surface 60a includes a first region 60a1 and a second region 60a2. The first region 60a1 is the region on the second end 6b side of the first surface 60a, and the second region 60a2 is the region on the first end 6a side of the first surface 60a.

[0055] The first region 60a1 has a shape such that at least a portion of it can contact the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. For example, as shown in Figure 9, the first region 60a1 is convex when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The radius of curvature of the first region 60a1 is set based on the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a so that a sufficient contact area is secured between the first region 60a1 and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3 for fixing the projection member 6 to the vertical pipe 3.

[0056] The second region 60a2 has a shape such that at least a portion of it can contact the inner circumferential surface 541 of the inner cylinder portion 54 of the elbow 5. For example, the second region 60a2 is convex when viewed from the direction of the central axis C54 of the inner cylinder portion 54. The radius of curvature of the second region 60a2 is set based on the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 541 so that there is no substantial gap between the second region 60a2 and the inner circumferential surface 541 of the inner cylinder portion 54.

[0057] As shown in Figure 7, the second surface 60b is the surface that acts on the fluid flowing through the channel. The second surface 60b includes the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63. The main surface 61 extends from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the main surface 61 faces the center of the vertical pipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are on either side of the main surface 61 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The first side surface 62 is on the third end 6c side of the main surface 61 (lower side in Figure 10), and the second side surface 63 is on the fourth end 6d side of the main surface 61 (upper side in Figure 10).

[0058] On the projection member 6, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 of the second surface 60b can come into contact with the fluid flowing inside the vertical pipe 3. As shown in Figure 7, the projection member 6 induces a flow F1 along the main surface 61, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63. This can promote the flow along the projection member 6, enabling a further improvement in flow rate. Since the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 can come into contact with the fluid, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 be small, as this can lead to an improvement in flow rate.

[0059] The projection member 6 has a first separation wall 64 to facilitate the separation of flow F1 and flow F2. The presence of the first separation wall 64 makes it easier for flow F2 to separate from flow F1. The first separation wall 64 is located between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In this embodiment, the first separation wall 64 is the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 constitutes a wall between the flow path with the main surface 61 as its bottom surface and the flow path with the first side surface 62 as its bottom surface. The first separation wall 64 can be formed by having at least a portion of the first side surface 62 be concave.

[0060] The projection member 6 has a second separation wall 65 to facilitate the separation of flow F1 and flow F3. The presence of the second separation wall 65 makes it easier for flow F3 to separate from flow F1. The second separation wall 65 is located between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In this embodiment, the second separation wall 65 is the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 constitutes a wall between the flow path with the main surface 61 as its bottom surface and the flow path with the second side surface 63 as its bottom surface. The second separation wall 65 can be formed by having at least a portion of the second side surface 63 be concave.

[0061] As shown in Figures 6, 8, and 10, the projection member 6 includes a protruding portion 66. The protruding portion 66 is a part of the projection member 6 that protrudes downstream so as not to contact the inner circumferential surface of the straight pipe (the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3). In this embodiment, the second end 6b is the tip of the protruding portion 66. The protruding portion 66 can facilitate the recombination of flows F1, F2, and F3, which are divided into three parts by the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63, thereby optimizing the overall flow and enabling an improvement in flow rate. In other words, the flows that are divided on the first end 6a side of the projection member 6 can be smoothly combined at the protruding portion 66, enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0062] In this embodiment, the protruding portion 66 has a tapered shape. Therefore, as shown in Figure 7, the width and thickness of the protruding portion 66 decrease as you move from the first end 6a to the second end 6b of the projection member 6. The thickness of the protruding portion 66 is the dimension of the protruding portion 66 in the first direction, i.e., in the height direction of the projection member 6. As shown in Figure 7, the distance between the protruding portion 66 and the inner surface of the straight pipe (the inner side 30b of the inner surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3) increases as you move towards the second end 6b. In other words, the protruding portion 66 moves further away from the inner surface of the straight pipe (the inner side 30b of the inner surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3) as you move from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This makes it possible to promote the re-merging of the flow at the protruding portion 66.

[0063] As shown in Figures 6 and 8, the projection member 6 has a projection 67. The projection 67 is used for connecting or positioning the vertical pipe 3 and the projection member 6. The projection 67 is positioned in a first region 60a1 of the first surface 60a. The projection 67 is shaped to fit into a hole 3c in the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the vertical pipe 3 has one hole 3c at its upstream end 3a. The hole 3c is formed as a through hole. The projection member 6 is provided with one projection 67 that fits into one hole 3c. By fitting one projection 67 into one hole 3c, the projection member 6 is positioned relative to the vertical pipe 3.

[0064] The placement of the protruding member 6 means that the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10 is not constant, and there are areas where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe 32. The protruding member 6 is located on the upstream end 3a side of the vertical pipe 3 rather than the downstream end 3b side of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6 is located on the upstream end 3a side of the vertical pipe 3. In other words, the protruding member 6 reduces the flow path at the upstream end 3a side of the vertical pipe 3 connected to the second elbow 5-2.

[0065] Next, the function of the projection member 6 in the piping member 10 will be explained. The projection member 6 is located inside the vertical pipe 3, which is positioned downstream of the second elbow 5-2. The second elbow 5-2 allows water flowing in from the horizontal pipe 4 to flow into the vertical pipe 3. If the direction of water flow changes significantly in the second elbow 5-2, pressure loss due to separation can be one of the causes of a decrease in flow rate.

[0066] Figure 11 shows a simulation of the pressure distribution in the comparative example piping member 100, and Figure 12 shows a simulation of the flow velocity distribution in the comparative example piping member 100. The comparative example piping member 100 differs from piping member 10 mainly in that it does not have the protruding member 6. In Figure 11, the pressure in the horizontal pipe 4 is relatively high at 11-13 kPa, while the pressure in the vertical pipe 3 is relatively low at 1-7 kPa, indicating a large pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the second elbow 5-2, and showing that the pressure is unevenly distributed in piping member 100. In Figure 12, the flow velocity is high in the area indicated by R110, and low in the areas indicated by R120 and R130. The existence of such areas with large differences in flow velocity can be a major factor in the decrease in flow rate. Furthermore, areas with low flow velocity, such as those indicated by R120 and R130, are also low-pressure regions. Corrosion from within the piping in these areas has long been known, and in nuclear power plants in particular, periodic non-invasive inspections of the inside of the piping were required, which was an extremely delicate procedure. If an abnormality was confirmed, external maintenance was impossible, inevitably leading to piping replacement, and thus increasing running costs.

[0067] The decrease in flow velocity at the R120 point in Figure 12 is thought to be due to separation. This separation occurs downstream of the inner circumferential corner 50a of the second elbow 5-2, when the water separates from the pipe wall of the piping member 100 (the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3). In other words, water flowing in from the upstream side of the piping member 100 initially flows along the pipe wall (the inner circumferential surface of the horizontal pipe 4), but beyond the inner circumferential corner 50a of the second elbow 5-2, it may separate from the pipe wall of the piping member 100 (the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3). Such separation is particularly noticeable when the water flow velocity is high. The higher the flow velocity, the wider the area over which pressure loss occurs.

[0068] Figure 13 shows a simulation of the pressure distribution in the piping member 10, and Figure 14 shows a simulation of the flow velocity distribution in the piping member 10. In Figure 13, the pressure in the horizontal pipe 4 is 10-12 kPa, while the pressure in the vertical pipe 3 is 2-6 kPa. Compared to the comparative example piping member 100, the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the second elbow 5-2 is smaller, confirming that the pressure unevenness in the piping member 10 has been eliminated. Furthermore, in Figure 14, the flow velocity is high in the section indicated by R110 and low in the section indicated by R120. However, compared to the comparative example piping member 100, the section with low flow velocity, such as the section indicated by R120, has decreased, confirming that the unevenness in flow velocity has been reduced. Furthermore, the flow velocity is higher in the section indicated by R130 than in the comparative example piping member 100, which also confirms that the unevenness in flow velocity has been reduced. In addition, an improvement in flow velocity was confirmed in the section indicated by R140 downstream of the projection member 6. Thus, it was confirmed that the presence of the protruding member 6 eliminated the uneven distribution of pressure and improved the flow velocity.

[0069] In this embodiment, the piping member 10 has a projection member 6. The presence of the projection member 6 is expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than if there were no projection member 6, and (2) reduce the number of areas where the flow velocity may decrease. Therefore, the projection member 6 can reduce the decrease in flow velocity caused by separation downstream from the second elbow 5-2 and improve the flow rate. The piping member 10 can be made smaller because, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner surface on the inner side of the second elbow 5-2, simply by having the projection member 6. Therefore, the projection member 6 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The projection member 6 is located inside the vertical pipe 3, so the projection member 6 is not noticeable when viewed as part of the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the overall aesthetics of the piping system 1.

[0070] In particular, elbow 5 tends to have a larger loss coefficient compared to conventionally available 90° elbows (for example, 90° elbows (so-called DL) and large-bend elbows (so-called LL) as defined in JIS K 6739). This difference is due to whether the inner diameter is constant or not within the elbow. In the case of elbow 5, there is a section with a larger inner diameter (the corners 50a and 50b of the curved pipe section 53) between the first inlet 51a and the second inlet 52a. Since expansion and contraction of the inner diameter are loss factors in fluids, this is the main reason why the loss coefficient is larger.

[0071] However, by providing a projection member 6 that generates the Coanda effect downstream of the elbow 5, the flow around the projection member 6 can be strengthened, reducing losses in the elbow 5 and significantly reducing overall losses. This loss reduction effect is considered to be particularly effective when the piping is nearly full. This means it is useful for drainage using the siphon effect.

[0072] The shape of the protruding member 6 will be described in more detail below.

[0073] As can be seen from Figures 5 to 10, the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the projection member 6, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0074] As shown in Figure 6, the height of the projection member 6 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the projection member 6 has a top portion 6e.

[0075] The top portion 6e is located between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The top portion 6e is the tallest part of the projection member 6. The top portion 6e minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the vertical pipe 3.

[0076] The height of the projection member 6 increases monotonically from the first end 6a towards the top 6e. The height of the projection member 6 decreases monotonically from the top 6e towards the second end 6b.

[0077] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the main surface 61 includes a curved surface at its apex 6e that protrudes toward the outer circumference 30c of the inner circumference 30a of the vertical pipe 3. This improves the flow rate. From another viewpoint, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that protrudes toward the outer circumference 30c of the inner circumference 30a of the vertical pipe 3 so as to produce a Coanda effect downstream of the second elbow 5-2. In other words, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that produces a Coanda effect downstream of the second elbow 5-2. This allows for miniaturization while improving the flow rate.

[0078] Refer to Figure 6. Let D be the inner diameter of the straight pipe (i.e., the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3), L1 be the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe (i.e., the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3), L2 be the distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, and h be the height at the top 6e. L1, L2, and h may be set based on D. In this embodiment, for D, it is good that 25 mm ≤ D ≤ 160 mm, and in particular, it is preferable that 70 mm ≤ D ≤ 140 mm. Furthermore, it is good that 0.1D ≤ L1 ≤ 1.0D, and it is preferable that 0.3D ≤ L1 ≤ 0.7D. It is good that 0.2D ≤ L2 ≤ 3.0D, and it is preferable that 0.5D ≤ L2 ≤ 2.0D. It is good that 0.1D ≤ h ≤ 0.5D, and it is preferable that 0.3D ≤ h ≤ 0.5D. This allows fluid to flow more easily along the protruding member 6, enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0079] With respect to the protruding portion 66 of the projection member 6, let d be the distance between the second end 6b and the inner circumferential surface of the straight pipe (particularly the inner side 30b of the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3). In this embodiment, it is good if 0.05D ≤ d ≤ 0.50D, and it is preferable if 0.30D ≤ L1 ≤ 0.50D. This facilitates the re-merging of the flow at the protruding portion 66, enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0080] Regarding the protruding portion 66 of the projection member 6, let L3 be the length of the protruding portion 66 in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe (central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3). In this embodiment, it is good that 0.1D ≤ L3 ≤ 0.5D, and it is preferable that 0.3D ≤ L3 ≤ 0.4D. This allows for the re-merging of the flow at the protruding portion 66, enabling further improvement of the flow rate. In this embodiment, it is good that L2 > L3.

[0081] As can be seen from Figure 7, the shape of the main surface 61, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0082] When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a portion of the main surface 61 is concave. At least a portion of the main surface 61 is the portion of the main surface 61 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the main surface 61 is concave at the first end 6a. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the radius of curvature of at least a portion of the main surface 61 (the first end 6a) is less than or equal to the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. This reduces pressure loss at the protruding member 6.

[0083] The main surface 61 is concave at the first end 6a, but convex at the second end 6b. In other words, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes from concave to convex from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This makes it easier for air to flow along the main surface 61 of the projection member 6. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 9, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is convex at the top 6e. The shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is convex in the range from the top 6e to the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the projection member 6 has a flat section between the first end 6a and the top 6e. In the flat section, the main surface 61 is planar as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0084] Within the concave shape of the main surface 61, the center of the concave shape of the main surface 61, that is, the lowest point of the concave shape, is located closer to the center than the edge in the width direction of the projection member 6. Within the convex shape of the main surface 61, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61, that is, the highest point of the convex shape, is located closer to the center than the edge in the width direction of the projection member 6. In this embodiment, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61 coincides with the center of the projection member 6 in the width direction.

[0085] As can be seen from Figures 5, 7, and 10, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, change along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0086] As shown in Figure 10, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a portion of the first side surface 62 is concave. At least a portion of the first side surface 62 is the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the first side surface 62 is concave at the first end 6a. This helps to reduce pressure loss at the protruding member 6. Here, the depth of the concave surface is preferably 0.3D or less, and preferably 0.2D (not strictly 0.2D, but within a range that can be considered substantially 0.2D). This promotes the separation of flow from the main surface 61, enabling further improvement of flow rate. Similarly, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a portion of the second side surface 63 is concave. At least a portion of the second side surface 63 is the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the second side surface 63 is concave at the first end 6a. This helps to reduce pressure loss at the protruding member 6. Here, the depth of the concave surface is preferably 0.3D or less, and more preferably 0.2D (not strictly 0.2D, but within a range that can be considered substantially 0.2D). This facilitates the separation of the flow from the main surface 61, enabling further improvement of the flow rate.

[0087] The shape of the first side surface 62, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. The depth of the concave shape of the first side surface 62 decreases as it moves from the top 6e to the second end 6b. This allows the flow F2 along the first side surface 62 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the projection member 6. Similarly, the shape of the second side surface 63, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. The depth of the concave shape of the second side surface 63 decreases as it moves from the top 6e to the second end 6b. This allows the flow F3 along the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the projection member 6.

[0088] Refer to Figure 7. In the projection member 6, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 have shapes that are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the projection member 6 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. This improves the flow rate.

[0089] As shown in Figure 7, the width of the projection member 6 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The width of the projection member 6 refers to the width at the part of the projection member 6 closest to the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the width of the projection member 6 corresponds to the width of the first surface 60a of the projection member 6.

[0090] The main surface 61 includes a tapered portion that narrows in width towards the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. This allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the projection member 6. This facilitates the re-merging of flows at the protruding portion 66, enabling a further improvement in flow rate. In particular, the length of the tapered portion in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 should be 0.5D or more. This facilitates the re-merging of flows at the protruding portion 66, enabling a further improvement in flow rate. In this embodiment, the entire main surface 61 is a tapered portion. That is, the main surface 61 narrows in width from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0091] The first side surface 62 includes a portion that widens from the first end 6a towards the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side widens from the first end 6a towards the second end 6b. This can reduce pressure loss. Similarly, the second side surface 63 includes a portion that widens from the first end 6a towards the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side widens from the first end 6a towards the second end 6b. This can reduce pressure loss.

[0092] The first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 are formed on a portion of the projection member 6, rather than the entire projection member 6, in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. More specifically, the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 are located within a predetermined range along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, starting from the first end 6a. The predetermined range may be from the first end 6a to the top 6e.

[0093] The distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 decreases as you move from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This separates the flow F1 along the main surface 61 from the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 upstream of the projection member 6, and allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the projection member 6.

[0094] The heights of the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 decrease from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This separates the flow F1 along the main surface 61 from the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 upstream of the projection member 6, and allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the projection member 6.

[0095] Refer to Figure 7. In the piping member 10, let a be the distance between the inner circumferential corner 50a of the second elbow 5-2 and the first end 6a of the projection member 6 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. a is preferably 0 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and preferably 5 mm or less. This allows the pressure loss reduction effect of the projection member 6 to be exerted more efficiently.

[0096] [1.2 Effects, etc.] The projection member 6 described above is a projection member 6 that is positioned inside a straight pipe (vertical pipe 3) located downstream of the elbow 5 (second elbow 5-2) that changes the direction of the flow path, and partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3. The projection member 6 comprises a first end 6a facing upstream and a second end 6b facing downstream, and a top 6e located between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3. If the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is D, the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is L1, the distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is L2, and the height at the top 6e is h, then the following conditions are satisfied: 25mm≦D≦160mm, 0.1D≦L1≦1.0D, 0.2D≦L2≦3.0D, and 0.1D≦h≦0.5D. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0097] The projection member 6 includes a projection portion 66 that protrudes downstream so as not to contact the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3, and the second end 6b is the tip of the projection portion 66. This configuration makes it possible to smoothly merge the flow that is divided at the first end 6a of the projection member 6 at the projection portion 66, thereby enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0098] In the projection member 6, if the distance between the second end 6b and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3 is denoted as d, then the condition 0.05D ≤ d ≤ 0.50D is satisfied. This configuration facilitates the re-merging of the flow at the projection portion 66, enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0099] In the projection member 6, the distance between the projection portion 66 and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3 increases towards the second end 6b. This configuration facilitates the re-merging of the flow at the projection portion 66, enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0100] In the projection member 6, if the length of the protruding portion 66 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is L3, then 0.1D ≤ L3 ≤ 0.5D. This configuration facilitates the re-merging of the flow at the protruding portion 66, enabling further improvement of the flow rate.

[0101] In the projection member 6, if L3 is the length of the protruding portion 66 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, then L2 > L3. This configuration facilitates the re-merging of the flow at the protruding portion 66, enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0102] The projection member 6 extends from the first end 6a to the second end 6b and has an action surface (second surface 60b) that acts on the fluid flowing through the channel. The action surface (second surface 60b) includes a main surface 61 that faces the center of the vertical pipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, and one or more side surfaces (first side surface 62 and second side surface 63) that do not face the center of the vertical pipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. This configuration can promote flow along the projection member 6, enabling a further improvement in flow rate.

[0103] In the protruding member 6, at least one of the one or more sides (first side 62 and second side 63) includes a concave surface, and the depth of the concave surface is 0.3D or less. This configuration facilitates the separation of flow from the main surface 61, enabling further improvement of the flow rate.

[0104] In the projection member 6, the main surface 61 includes a tapered portion that narrows towards the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. This configuration allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the projection member 6.

[0105] In the projection member 6, the length of the tapered portion in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is 0.5D or more. This configuration allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the projection member 6.

[0106] The piping component 10 described above comprises a projection member 6, an elbow 5, and a vertical pipe 3. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0107] In the piping member 10, the radius of curvature of the inner surface on the outer side of the elbow 5 is less than 5 mm. This configuration enables miniaturization.

[0108] In the piping member 10, the distance between the inner circumferential corner 50a of the elbow 5 and the first end 6a in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is 0 mm or more and 10 mm or less. This configuration allows the pressure loss reduction effect of the projection member 6 to be exerted more efficiently.

[0109] The piping system 1 described above comprises a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4 located between the inlet 2b and the vertical pipe 3, a first elbow 5-1 located between the inlet 2b and the horizontal pipe 4, a second elbow 5-2 located between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3, and a protruding member 6 which is positioned as a straight pipe on at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 (straight pipe 32). This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0110] [2. Variant] The embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to those described above. The embodiments can be modified in various ways depending on the design, etc., as long as the objectives of this disclosure can be achieved. The following lists some modifications of the embodiments. The modifications described below can be combined and applied as appropriate.

[0111] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a modified piping system 1A. Piping system 1A comprises a gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, elbows 8 (first elbow 8-1 and second elbow 8-2), a projection member 6, and a drain 7.

[0112] The first elbow 8-1 and the second elbow 8-2 are bent pipes that change the direction of the flow path, similar to elbow 5. In this modified example, the first elbow 8-1 and the second elbow 8-2 have the same structure, so in the following description, the first elbow 8-1 and the second elbow 8-2 will not be distinguished and will simply be referred to as elbow 8.

[0113] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the elbow 8. The elbow 8 comprises a first socket 81, a second socket 82, and a curved pipe section 83 located between the first socket 81 and the second socket 82. The curved pipe section 83 and the first and second sockets 81 and 82 are formed as a continuous, integral part. The material of the elbow 8 may be rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0114] The curved pipe section 83 has openings 831 and 832 at both ends. The curved pipe section 83 connects the first receiving port 81 and the second receiving port 82. The curved pipe section 83 is not shaped like a straight pipe bent at a right angle, as in the curved pipe section 53, but rather like a straight pipe bent in an arc. Therefore, although the curved pipe section 83 is cylindrical, its pipe axis (centerline) is curved, not straight. The pipe axis of the curved pipe section 83 defines the pipe axis of the elbow 8. The inner diameter δ83 of the curved pipe section 83 is almost uniform. The inner diameter δ83 of the curved pipe section 83 corresponds to the inner diameter D (see Figure 6) of the straight pipe connected to the elbow 8.

[0115] The curved pipe section 83 has an inner circumferential surface 80a on the inner side of the elbow 8 and an inner circumferential surface 80b on the outer side of the elbow 8. The inner circumferential surface 80a has a corner 80c. The corner 80c is located in the intermediate portion between the opening 831 and the opening 832 on the inner circumferential surface 80a. The corner 80c has an R shape. In a cross-section in a plane including the pipe axis of the elbow 8, the radius of curvature of the corner 80c is 0 mm or more and 54 mm or less, preferably 0 mm or more and 2 mm or less. The inner circumferential surface 80b does not have a corner like the corner 80c. The inner circumferential surface 80b is curved as a whole. In this modified example, in a cross-section in a plane including the pipe axis of the elbow 8, the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 80b is greater than the inner diameter D of the straight pipe connected to the elbow 8.

[0116] The first receiving opening 81 and the second receiving opening 82 are provided at both ends of the curved pipe section 83, respectively. The first receiving opening 81 and the second receiving opening 82 are cylindrical in shape, surrounding the openings 831 and 832 of the curved pipe section 83, respectively. In Figure 16, the first receiving opening 81 and the second receiving opening 82 have the same shape.

[0117] As shown in Figure 16, the central axis C81 of the first socket 81 and the central axis C82 of the second socket 82 intersect each other. The angle θ between the central axis C81 of the first socket 81 and the central axis C82 of the second socket 82 is between 91° and 135°. In this modified example, θ is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage".

[0118] In this modified example, elbow 8 is a 90° elbow. Specifically, elbow 8 is a 90° elbow (so-called DL) as defined in JIS K 6739. The 90° elbow defined in JIS K 6739 is smaller and more aesthetically pleasing than the 90° large-bend elbow defined in JIS K 6739. Therefore, the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1A can be improved. The piping system 1A can be made less conspicuous in relation to the building 11.

[0119] In one modification, elbow 8 is not limited to a 90° elbow (so-called DL) as defined in JIS K 6739, but may be a 90° large-bend elbow (so-called LL) or a 45° elbow (so-called 45L) as defined in JIS K 6739. The dimensions of elbow 8 do not necessarily have to be set in accordance with the JIS K 6739 standard for "rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage".

[0120] In one variation, the first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 do not need to be the same shape. Similarly, the first elbow 8-1 and the second elbow 8-2 do not need to be the same shape. For example, the second elbow 8-2 may be a 90° elbow as defined in JIS K 6739, and the first elbow 8-1 may be a 90° large-bend elbow as defined in JIS K 6739.

[0121] In one modified example, the vertical pipe 3 may be composed of a single pipe material instead of multiple pipe materials. Even in this case, the projection member 6 may be arranged as a straight pipe for at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3. Here, at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is the entire vertical pipe 3.

[0122] In one modified example, the projection member 6 does not need to have a protruding portion 66.

[0123] In one modified example, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the angle between the third end 6c and the fourth end 6d of the projection member 6 centered on the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 may be 45° or more and 210° or less, and preferably 60° or more and 180° or less.

[0124] In one modified example, it is desirable that the coefficient of friction of the second surface 60b of the projection member 6 be low. In particular, it is preferable that the region between the first end 6a and the top 6e of the second surface 60b of the projection member 6 has water-repellent properties, as this can be expected to accelerate the flow velocity and enhance the Coanda effect.

[0125] In one modified example, the projection member 6 does not necessarily need to have an external shape that is mirror-symmetric with respect to a plane perpendicular to the second direction. The fact that the projection member 6 is not mirror-symmetric makes it possible to accommodate cases where the flow distribution within the piping system 1 is uneven.

[0126] In one modified example, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 of the projection member 6 may have shapes that are asymmetrical with respect to the center line of the projection member 6 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. Depending on the installation environment of the piping system 1 or the piping member 10, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 may be set individually, and do not necessarily have to be symmetrical with respect to the center line of the projection member 6 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0127] In one modified example, the shape, number, and arrangement of the protrusions 67 of the projection member 6 may be appropriately changed according to the shape, number, and arrangement of the holes 3c of the vertical pipe 3. Preferably, the protrusions 67 and holes 3c are provided in such a way that the positioning of the projection member 6 relative to the vertical pipe 3 is easy. However, the projection member 6 does not necessarily need to have protrusions 67.

[0128] In one modified example, the projection member 6 does not need to be entirely contained within the elbow 5 and the vertical pipe 3. In particular, the second end 6b of the projection member 6 may protrude outward from the vertical pipe 3. Conversely, the projection member 6 may be entirely contained within the straight pipe and not protrude into the elbow 5.

[0129] In one modified example, the shape and size of part or all of the piping system 1 may differ from that of the above embodiment. For example, unlike the above embodiment, in the piping system 1, the shape of the elbow 5, the shape of the vertical pipe 3, and the shape of the horizontal pipe 4 may be polygonal rather than circular.

[0130] In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to have a gutter 2. For example, if the building 11 has a structure that includes a water collection outlet such as a balcony, the first elbow 5-1 of the piping system 1 may be connected to the water collection outlet of the building 11.

[0131] In one modified example, the drain 7 may be a drain with a structure that is generally considered not to contribute to the occurrence or promotion of the siphon phenomenon. In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to be equipped with the drain 7. The drain 7 is not an essential component of the piping system 1 and may be provided as appropriate considering the installation environment of the piping system 1.

[0132] In one modified example, the piping system 1 is not limited to a rain gutter system, which is a type of drainage system, but may also be other drainage systems such as sewage systems, or it may be applied to water supply systems such as water supply systems. In other words, the protruding member or piping member can be used in a system that supplies or drains water.

[0133] [3. Appearance] As will be apparent from the above embodiments and modifications, this disclosure includes the following aspects.

[0134] [Aspect 1] A projection member positioned in a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of a flow path, thereby partially reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe, A first end facing upstream and a second end facing downstream, The top portion located between the first end and the second end, which minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe, Equipped with, The inner diameter of the straight pipe is D, L1 is the distance between the first end and the top of the straight pipe in the direction of the central axis. L2 is the distance between the top and the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. If the height at the top is h, 25mm ≤ D ≤ 160mm, 0.1D ≤ L1 ≤ 1.0D, 0.2D ≤ L2 ≤ 3.0D, and, 0.1D ≤ h ≤ 0.5D, Satisfying Protruding member.

[0135] [Aspect 2] It includes a protruding portion that extends downstream so as not to come into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the straight pipe, The second end is the tip of the protruding portion, A protruding member according to embodiment 1.

[0136] [Aspect 3] If the distance between the second end and the inner surface of the straight pipe is d, Satisfying 0.05D ≤ d ≤ 0.50D, A protruding member according to embodiment 2.

[0137] [Aspect 4] The distance between the protruding portion and the inner surface of the straight pipe increases towards the second end. A projection member according to embodiment 2 or 3.

[0138] [Aspect 5] If the length of the protruding portion in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L3, 0.1D ≤ L3 ≤ 0.5D A protruding member from any one of embodiments 2 to 4.

[0139] [Aspect 6] If the length of the protruding portion in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L3, L2 > L3. A protruding member from any one of embodiments 2 to 5.

[0140] [Aspect 7] It extends from the first end to the second end and has an action surface that acts on the fluid flowing through the channel, The working surface includes a main surface facing the center of the straight pipe when viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe, and one or more side surfaces that do not face the center of the straight pipe when viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. A projection member from any one of embodiments 1 to 6.

[0141] [Aspect 8] At least one of the one or more sides includes a concave surface, The depth of the concave surface is 0.3D or less. A projection member according to embodiment 7.

[0142] [Aspect 9] The main surface includes a tapered portion that narrows in width towards the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. A projection member according to embodiment 7 or 8.

[0143] [Aspect 10] The length of the tapered portion in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is 0.5D or more. A protruding member according to embodiment 9.

[0144] [Aspect 11] A protruding member from any one of embodiments 1 to 10, The aforementioned elbow and, The aforementioned straight pipe and, Equipped with, Piping components.

[0145] [Aspect 12] The radius of curvature of the inner surface on the outer circumference side of the elbow is less than 5 mm. A piping member according to embodiment 11.

[0146] [Aspect 13] The radius of curvature of the inner surface on the outer side of the elbow is greater than D. A piping member according to embodiment 11.

[0147] [Aspect 14] The distance between the inner circumferential corner of the elbow and the first end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is 0 mm or more and 10 mm or less. A piping component from any one of embodiments 11 to 13.

[0148] [Aspect 15] Vertical pipe and A horizontal pipe located between the inlet and the vertical pipe, The first elbow is located between the inlet and the horizontal pipe, A second elbow located between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe, A projection member, one of the embodiments 1 to 10, is provided, wherein at least a portion of the vertical pipe is arranged as the straight pipe. Equipped with, Piping system.

[0149] Appearances 2-15 are optional and not required. [Industrial applicability]

[0150] This disclosure is applicable to projection members, piping members, and piping systems. Specifically, this disclosure is applicable to projection members for changing the cross-sectional area of ​​a flow path, piping members equipped with projection members, and piping systems equipped with piping members. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0151] 1. 1A Piping System 3. Vertical pipe (straight pipe) 5 Elbow 5-1 First Elbow 5-2 Second Elbow 50a Corner 51 First receiving opening 52 Second opening 53 Bent pipe section 6. Protruding member 6a 1st end 6b 2nd end 6e Top 60b 2nd surface (action surface) 61 Main surface 62 1st side (side) 63 Second side (side) 66 Protruding part 8 Elbow 8-1 First Elbow 8-2 Second Elbow 80c corner 81 First receiving opening 82 Second opening 83 Bent pipe section 10 Piping components

Claims

1. A projection member positioned in a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of a flow path, thereby partially reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe, A first end facing upstream and a second end facing downstream, The top portion located between the first end and the second end, which minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe, Equipped with, The inner diameter of the straight pipe is D, L1 is the distance between the first end and the top of the straight pipe in the direction of the central axis. L2 is the distance between the top and the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. If the height at the top is h, 25mm ≤ D ≤ 160mm, 0.1D≦L1≦1.0D, 0.2D ≤ L2 ≤ 3.0D, and, 0.1D≦h≦0.5D, Satisfying Protruding member.

2. It includes a protruding portion that extends downstream so as not to come into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the straight pipe, The second end is the tip of the protruding portion, The projection member according to claim 1.

3. If the distance between the second end and the inner surface of the straight pipe is d, Satisfying 0.05D ≤ d ≤ 0.50D, The projection member according to claim 2.

4. The distance between the protruding portion and the inner surface of the straight pipe increases towards the second end. The projection member according to claim 2.

5. If the length of the protruding portion in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L3, 0.1D ≤ L3 ≤ 0.5D The projection member according to claim 2.

6. If the length of the protruding portion in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L3, L2 > L3. The projection member according to claim 2.

7. It extends from the first end to the second end and has an action surface that acts on the fluid flowing through the channel, The working surface includes a main surface facing the center of the straight pipe when viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe, and one or more side surfaces that do not face the center of the straight pipe when viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. The projection member according to claim 1.

8. At least one of the one or more sides includes a concave surface, The depth of the concave surface is 0.3D or less. The projection member according to claim 7.

9. The main surface includes a tapered portion that narrows in width towards the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. The projection member according to claim 7.

10. The length of the tapered portion in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is 0.5D or more. The projection member according to claim 9.

11. A projection member according to any one of claims 1 to 10, The aforementioned elbow and, The aforementioned straight pipe and, Equipped with, Piping components.

12. The radius of curvature of the inner surface on the outer circumference side of the elbow is less than 5 mm. The piping member according to claim 11.

13. The radius of curvature of the inner surface on the outer side of the elbow is greater than D. The piping member according to claim 11.

14. The distance between the inner circumferential corner of the elbow and the first end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is 0 mm or more and 10 mm or less. The piping member according to claim 11.

15. Vertical pipe and A horizontal pipe located between the inlet and the vertical pipe, The first elbow is located between the inlet and the horizontal pipe, A second elbow located between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe, A projection member, which is arranged as a straight pipe, comprising at least a portion of the vertical pipe, Equipped with, Piping system.

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