Panel and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The present invention provides a panel that can be appropriately reinforced even when deflection occurs due to wind pressure or other factors. [Solution] A panel having a planar structure made of FRC concrete, wherein the planar structure has a first surface and a second surface opposite to it, and a reinforcing fiber sheet is embedded along the first surface in a portion at least closer to the first surface from the center in the thickness direction between the first surface and the second surface, within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the first surface or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a panel used for walls, floors, or shaped objects of buildings, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Background Art

[0002] As a panel used for walls, floors, etc. of buildings, fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) obtained by reinforcing cement mortar with fibers increases the tensile strength of the molded body, is thin, lightweight, and excellent in formability and designability, and thus is used in a wide range of fields such as walls, ceilings, and floor materials of various buildings.

[0003] For example, the panel disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a panel body mainly made of fiber reinforced concrete and a reinforcing sheet material layer for reinforcing the panel body. In the panel body, a heat insulating material layer is embedded, and the reinforcing sheet material layer is disposed in a direction along the front and back surfaces of the heat insulating material layer, and a decorative outer wall material is provided on the outer wall surface side of the panel body. As the heat insulating material layer, a flame-retardant synthetic resin foam such as phenolic foam is used. In this case, as the reinforcing fibers of the fiber reinforced concrete, polyvinyl alcohol fibers (vinylon fibers), polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene fibers and polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, steel fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, etc. are used. Also, as the reinforcing sheet material layer, a carbon fiber sheet mainly made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic is described.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses a high-strength concrete thin plate obtained by arranging and reinforcing a high-strength mesh having a high yield point as a tensile steel material in organic fiber-containing high-strength concrete, and details of the blending materials of the organic fiber-containing high-strength concrete, the material and strength of the high-strength mesh, etc. are described in detail. As the organic fibers, vinylon fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, etc. are used. Also, as the high-strength mesh, a structure obtained by knitting hard steel wire rods in a lattice shape is mentioned.

Prior Art Documents

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-185952 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-300001 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Incidentally, when FRC is manufactured by spraying fiber-reinforced mortar onto a formwork using a spray gun that combines a cutting function to cut fiber roving to a predetermined length with a function to pump mortar, the fiber orientation can be made parallel to the surface direction of the formwork, thus improving its strength. On the other hand, there are challenges such as the scattering of fibers and mortar due to spraying, and the need for cleaning work to prevent clogging of the spray gun. As a countermeasure, there is a method in which pre-cut fibers (chopped strands) are mixed into the mortar and poured in. However, this method has the problem that the fiber reinforcement effect is reduced because the fibers are not oriented. Also, in order to form FRC of a predetermined thickness on the vertically rising surface of the formwork, an inner formwork fixed to the outer formwork is necessary to prevent movement. It is believed that further reinforcement is possible by incorporating reinforcing sheets and meshes described in the patent document into this FRC panel, but countermeasures are necessary in cases where deflection occurs due to wind pressure, etc.

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a panel that can be appropriately reinforced even when deflection occurs due to wind pressure or the like. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The panel of the present invention is a panel having a planar structure made of FRC concrete, wherein the planar structure has a first surface and a second surface opposite to it, and a reinforcing fiber member is embedded along the first surface in a portion at least closer to the first surface from the center in the thickness direction between the first surface and the second surface, within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the first surface, or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure.

[0009] The planar structure as a whole is formed into a high-strength structure using FRC concrete, and reinforcing fiber members are embedded from the center in the thickness direction to near the surface on the first surface side. Therefore, even if the mechanical stress (tensile stress or compressive stress) generated on the first surface due to panel deflection or other reasons is high, the area near the surface can be appropriately reinforced by the reinforcing fiber members. When deflection occurs in a planar structure, if the planar structure is made of a homogeneous material, the stress will be smallest in the center in the thickness direction and will increase towards the surface. Therefore, by placing reinforcing fiber members in areas close to the surface (first surface), the areas where large stresses occur can be reinforced, making the entire structure less prone to deflection.

[0010] Furthermore, reinforcing fiber members may be embedded not only in the area closer to the first surface but also in the area closer to the second surface. That is, the planar structure has a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side, and it is preferable that a reinforcing fiber sheet be embedded along the second surface in an area at least closer to the second surface from the center in the thickness direction between the first surface and the second surface, within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the second surface, or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure. This is effective when the thickness of the planar structure is large.

[0011] In the panel of the present invention, the FRC concrete contains a large number of reinforcing short fibers, which consist of organic fibers such as polyethylene fibers, vinylon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, and steel fibers, or inorganic fibers, and are formed to a length of 3 mm to 40 mm, preferably 6 mm to 25 mm, and are mixed in the FRC concrete in an unoriented manner. The reinforcing fiber member is a sheet formed by weaving long fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, and steel fibers in a lattice pattern, or a roving formed by bundling the long fibers. If the reinforcing fiber member is the sheet, the sheet should have a mesh size of 3 mm or more and 100 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less.

[0012] In the panel of the present invention, a peripheral wall portion is integrally formed on the periphery of the second surface of the planar structure portion, rising from the second surface, and a reinforcing fiber member is further embedded along the tip surface of the peripheral wall portion within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the tip surface of the periphery portion or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure portion.

[0013] The tip of the peripheral wall portion is the part that is attached to other structural members, such as beam members, and the attachment structure can be strengthened by reinforcing this tip of the peripheral wall portion. Thus, in the panel, it is preferable to embed reinforcing fiber members in the parts that require reinforcement, namely the first surface side of the planar structural portion and the tip of the peripheral wall portion.

[0014] Furthermore, the panel of the present invention comprises a pair of planar structural parts made of FRC concrete, a peripheral wall that connects the peripheral edges of the double-sided structural parts when these planar structural parts are arranged parallel to each other, and a spacer member housed in the space enclosed by these planar structural parts and the peripheral wall, The planar structure portion is located in the area from the center in the thickness direction to the surface opposite to the peripheral wall portion, and reinforcing fiber members are embedded along the surface within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface.

[0015] This panel is relatively thick, and its overall weight is reduced by incorporating spacer members inside. Furthermore, reinforcing fiber members are embedded in areas requiring reinforcement, specifically near the surface of the double-sided structural parts, to efficiently increase the panel's mechanical strength.

[0016] Furthermore, the panel of the present invention is a panel having a planar structure made of FRC concrete, wherein the planar structure has a first surface and a second surface opposite to it, and fiber reinforcement is embedded parallel to these first and second surfaces, and the fiber reinforcement is formed by connecting fibers between a pair of reinforcing fiber sheets arranged parallel to each other, and these pair of reinforcing fiber sheets may be embedded along the first surface or the second surface, respectively, at a depth of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the first surface and the surface of the second surface, or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure.

[0017] Since a pair of reinforcing fiber sheets are bonded together by connecting fibers, both reinforcing fiber sheets can be embedded near both sides of the panel. This results in better handling compared to handling the two reinforcing fiber sheets separately, and also provides superior reinforcement.

[0018] The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a panel, comprising: a planar mortar layer formation step for forming a planar mortar layer that will form the planar structure; a wall-like mortar section formation step for forming a wall-like mortar section that will form the peripheral wall on the periphery of the planar mortar layer; and a curing step for curing the planar mortar layer and the wall-like mortar section. The planar mortar layer formation step involves depositing fiber-reinforced mortar, which will become FRC concrete, within the outer formwork and arranging the reinforcing fiber members within the fiber-reinforced mortar to form the planar mortar layer. The process of forming the wall-like mortar section is as follows: A lower mortar section formation step is to place an inner formwork on the planar mortar layer to form the inner circumferential surface of the wall-shaped mortar section, and before the planar mortar layer hardens, pour fiber-reinforced mortar into the annular space between the inner formwork and the outer formwork up to a height position midway up the wall-shaped mortar section to form the lower mortar section, The process includes an upper mortar section formation step, in which, after the lower mortar section has partially gelled, fiber-reinforced mortar is poured into the remaining portion of the annular space and deposited on top of the lower mortar section to form the wall-like mortar section up to the upper end.

[0019] The surrounding wall-like mortar section is formed by pouring fiber-reinforced mortar in two stages. During this process, the fiber-reinforced mortar is poured on top of the lower mortar section after it has partially gelled. If the entire height of the wall-like mortar section were to be formed in a single pour of fiber-reinforced mortar, the pressure from pouring the fiber-reinforced mortar would cause the inner formwork to move. To firmly fix this inner formwork in place would require large equipment.

[0020] By forming the structure in two stages, the pressure associated with pouring the fiber-reinforced mortar when forming the lower mortar section can be reduced, allowing the inner formwork to be fixed in place and prevented from moving. After the lower mortar section partially gels, the inner formwork is firmly held in place by this lower mortar section, thus suppressing movement of the inner formwork when forming the upper section of the wall-like mortar section. Therefore, it is possible to either not provide any fixing members for the inner formwork, or, if fixing members are provided, to use a relatively simple structure. A partially gelled state refers to a condition where the mortar has partially begun to harden, resulting in a slight decrease in fluidity. However, it is not a state where the mortar has hardened completely, and it still retains a certain degree of fluidity. Therefore, adding new mortar on top of it will not result in a so-called cold joint. In addition, since the fiber - mixed mortar is poured in a partially gelled state of the lower - layer mortar part, it can be closely connected to the lower - layer mortar part, and the peripheral wall part can be finished uniformly in the height direction. Note that depending on the height of the peripheral wall part, the fiber - mixed mortar may be deposited not limited to twice but in three or more portions.

Advantages of the Invention

[0021] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a panel that can be appropriately reinforced even when deflection occurs due to wind pressure or the like.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] [Figure 1] It is a cross - sectional view showing a panel of the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a plan view seen from the right direction of the panel of FIG. 1, and the whole is reduced. [Figure 3] It is a perspective view showing an example of a reinforcing fiber sheet embedded in the panel. [Figure 4] It is a flowchart showing a manufacturing method of the panel of FIG. 1. [Figure 5] In the manufacturing method of the panel, it is a cross - sectional view showing the steps from (a) to (c) until a planar mortar layer is formed and an inner mold is installed. [Figure 6] It is a cross - sectional view showing the steps from (d) to (e) until a wall - like mortar part is formed following FIG. 5. [Figure 7] It is a cross - sectional view showing an example of a holding structure of the inner mold. [Figure 8] It is a cross - sectional view showing another example of the holding structure of the inner mold. [Figure 9] It is a cross - sectional view showing a modification example of the first embodiment. [Figure 10] It is a cross - sectional view showing a panel of the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] It is a flowchart showing a manufacturing method of the panel of FIG. 10. [Figure 12]Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the manufacturing method of the panel in the order shown from (a) to (c). [Figure 13] This is a cross-sectional view showing a modified panel. [Figure 14] This is a perspective view showing a fiber reinforcement used in a panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a panel of a third embodiment of the present invention using a fiber reinforcement. [Figure 16] This is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which a fiber reinforcement has been installed in the formwork for manufacturing the panel of the third embodiment. [Figure 17] This is a cross-sectional view showing a panel according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [Configuration of the panel in the first embodiment] Figures 1 and 2 show the panel of the first embodiment. This panel 1 has a shape in which a peripheral wall portion 3 is erected perpendicular to the surface of a flat, plate-like surface structure portion 2 at its periphery. Figure 1 shows that the surface structure portion 2 is arranged vertically by attaching the tip surfaces of the peripheral wall portion 3 to two upper and lower beam members 5 via brackets 6.

[0024] The planar structure 2 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 on the opposite side. The reinforcing fiber sheet 7, which is the reinforcing fiber member of the present invention, is embedded along the first surface 11 within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the first surface 11, and closer to the first surface 11 from the center in the thickness direction of the thickness t1 between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. C1 in Figure 1 shows the center line in the thickness direction of the planar structure 2. In other words, the depth t2 from the surface of the first surface 11 in which the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded is preferably in the range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness t1 of the planar structure 2. That is, the embedding position of the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is set within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the first surface 11, or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness t1 of the planar structure 2.

[0025] The peripheral wall portion 3 is erected on the periphery of the planar structure portion 2. As shown in Figure 2, it is formed with a relatively thin thickness in the parts along each side of the planar structure portion 2, but the four corner portions 3a are erected in a thick columnar shape, and these four corner portions 3a are fixed to the beam member 5. Furthermore, a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded along the tip surface 13 of the peripheral wall portion 3, within a range of thickness from the tip surface 13 to a depth t2 of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. In this case, although the peripheral wall portion 3 is erected perpendicular to the planar structure portion 2 in the illustrated example, it may also be erected at an angle.

[0026] The overall dimensions of this panel 1 are not particularly limited, but for example, the planar shape is such that the vertical L is 50 cm or more and 600 cm or less, the horizontal W is 10 cm or more and 400 cm or less, the thickness t1 of the planar structure part 2 is 7 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and the overall height H1 including the peripheral wall part 3 is 15 mm or more and 300 mm or less.

[0027] FRC concrete is a mixture (referred to as fiber-reinforced mortar) that has been solidified by mixing cement, fine aggregate, water, short fibers for mortar reinforcement, and admixtures. The short fibers mixed in consist of organic fibers such as polyethylene fibers, vinylon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, and steel fibers, or inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, and steel fibers, preferably chopped strands made by bundling multiple fibers together. The chopped strands are, for example, made by cutting roving to a predetermined length, and preferably consist of fibers made of alkali-resistant AR glass containing 16% or more zirconia (JIS R3410). These short fibers are formed to a length of 3 mm to 40 mm (preferably 6 mm to 25 mm) and mixed into the FRC concrete at a ratio of 0.5% to 5% by mass, for example, 2%, and are mixed in an unoriented manner.

[0028] Suitable short fibers to be mixed into this FRC concrete include, for example, ARG FIBER chopped strand products manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. (such as 6H-950Y, 9PH-950X, 13PH-950X, 19PH-950X, and 25PH-950X).

[0029] As shown in Figure 3, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is formed, for example, in a lattice shape by weaving or knitting long fibers 15, and has a large number of openings 16. The long fibers 15 consist of yarn or roving such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, or aramid fibers, and preferably a sheet is used which is woven from yarn or roving made of bundled alkali-resistant AR glass fibers containing 16% or more zirconia. Yarn is made by attaching a binder to monofilaments and bringing them together, roving is made by bundling yarns, and the chopped strands are usually made by chopping roving to a predetermined length. Furthermore, continuous fiber reinforcement materials made of fiber-reinforced plastics, alkali-resistant glass fiber nets, etc., may also be used, and they may be made of carbon fiber or basalt fiber (basalt fiber) developed for civil engineering.

[0030] Furthermore, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is not limited to sheets with long reinforcing fibers extending in one direction or in two directions, but may also be a sheet in which the orientation of long or short fibers is randomly arranged, and a thin sheet may be used as a so-called continuous strand mat or chopped strand mat. The fibers constituting the chopped strand mat and continuous strand mat consist of long fibers (yarn, roving) or short fibers (chopped strands) bundled together, for example, glass fibers (JIS K7010: E glass) with an alkali (Na2O, K2O) content of 0.8% or less, or alkali-resistant AR glass containing 16% or more zirconia. A chopped strand mat may be constructed by oriented multiple chopped strands in two dimensions and holding them in a sheet shape with a binder, and a continuous strand mat may be constructed by overlapping continuous yarn or roving in the thickness direction and holding them in a sheet shape with a binder. Since the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 reinforces the strength of panel 1, it is preferable that its tensile strength be 500 MPa or more.

[0031] The following are commercially available fibers that can be used as this reinforcing fiber sheet 7. • As a glass fiber containing ZrO2, ARG FIBER manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. (e.g., LW 110, TD5×5, TD10×10) has a tensile strength of 200 N / 25 mm. That's all. • Tow grid manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. (e.g., FTG-G3, FTG-CR4) which is integrally molded while impregnating resin with high-performance continuous fibers such as carbon and glass. Tensile strength: 1400 N / cm 2 That's all. • F is a resin molded in an integral manner while impregnating it with high-performance continuous reinforcing fibers such as carbon and glass. As reinforced concrete (RP) grids, we use FRP grids manufactured by the FRP Grid Construction Method Research Association, with a tensile strength of 600 N / cm². 2 That's all.

[0032] As shown in Figure 3, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 has an opening 16, allowing the fine aggregate and short fibers of the mortar to enter the opening 16 and partially penetrate the reinforcing fiber sheet 7. Therefore, it is preferable that the opening 16 be large enough (dimensions) to allow at least a portion of the fine aggregate and short fibers to pass through, and even in the case of chopped strands, it is formed to be large enough for them to enter the opening 16.

[0033] The dimensions of the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 are not necessarily limited, but for example, the diameter of each long fiber in the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and the mesh size (size of the opening 16) is formed in a rectangular shape with sides of 3 mm or more and 100 mm or less. Usually all of these openings 16 are the same size, but openings of different sizes may be arranged side by side. Furthermore, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is positioned at a distance d1 of 1 mm to 10 mm from the periphery of the planar structure 2 so that it does not protrude beyond the periphery.

[0034] In this embodiment, the panel 1 has a planar structure 2 that runs vertically, constructed, for example, as a wall member of a building. When the building is exposed to strong winds, such as in a coastal area, wind pressure acts on the planar structure 2 of the panel 1, and this wind pressure may cause the planar structure 2 to deflect. For example, if a negative wind pressure pulling to the left acts on the first surface 11 of the planar structure 2 in Figure 1, causing deflection, tensile stress is generated on the first surface 11 side. Since a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded along the planar direction on this first surface 11 side, the strength of this first surface 11 side is increased by the reinforcing fiber sheet 7, and deflection can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is also embedded in the tip of the peripheral wall portion 3, the strength of the tip of the peripheral wall portion 3 is improved, and the attachment structure to the beam member 5 is strengthened.

[0035] [Panel manufacturing method] Next, we will describe how to manufacture Panel 1 with the above configuration. As shown in Figure 4, the manufacturing method of this panel 1 includes a planar mortar layer formation step of forming a planar mortar layer 21 that will become a planar structure 2, a wall-like mortar part formation step of forming a wall-like mortar part 22 that will become a peripheral wall 3 at the periphery of the planar mortar layer 21, and a curing step of curing the planar mortar layer 21 and the wall-like mortar part 22.

[0036] (Process for forming a planar mortar layer) In the planar mortar layer formation process, as shown in Figure 5, an outer formwork 31 is prepared, which is rectangular in plan view and box-shaped with an open top, having a bottom plate portion 31a and side portions 31b. In this process, fiber-reinforced mortar, which will become FRC concrete, is deposited inside the outer formwork 31, and reinforcing fiber sheets 7 are placed inside the fiber-reinforced mortar to form a planar mortar layer 21, which will become the planar structure portion 2.

[0037] In detail, first, as shown in Figure 5(a), fiber-reinforced mortar is poured onto the bottom plate portion 31a inside the outer formwork 31 to form a first layer 21a with a thickness of 1 mm to 5 mm (first layer formation step). The fiber-reinforced mortar material is a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate, and alkali-resistant chopped strands.

[0038] The cement used can be any of the following types as specified in JIS R5210: ordinary Portland cement, rapid-hardening Portland cement, ultra-rapid-hardening Portland cement, moderate-heat Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement (low-alkali type), rapid-hardening Portland cement (low-alkali type), or ultra-rapid-hardening Portland cement (low-alkali type). Alternatively, low-alkali cements other than those specified in JIS R5210 may also be used.

[0039] The admixture may include silica fume, slag, fly ash, dolomite, etc. Furthermore, the fiber-reinforced mortar material may contain shrinkage reducing agents, water-reducing agents, and other additives. Examples of water-reducing agents include naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin high-condensate salts and polycarboxylic acid ether compounds, while examples of shrinkage reducing agents include lower alcohol alkylene oxide compounds.

[0040] Next, a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is placed on top of the first layer 21a (reinforcing fiber sheet placement step). The reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is placed so as to cover almost the entire surface of the first layer 21a. Then, as shown in Figure 5(b), fiber-reinforced mortar is poured on top of the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 to form the second layer 21b (second layer formation step). The first layer 21a, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7, and the second layer 21b together form a planar mortar layer 21, which becomes the planar structure part 2. In this case, the fiber-reinforced mortar of the second layer 21b is poured before the fiber-reinforced mortar of the first layer 21a hardens, and some of the fiber-reinforced mortar of the second layer 21b, along with the short fibers mixed in, penetrates into the pores (openings 16) of the reinforcing fiber sheet 7, so that both layers 21a and 21b are firmly joined together via the reinforcing fiber sheet 7.

[0041] (Wall-like mortar section formation process) Next, before the planar mortar layer 21 hardens, as shown in Figure 5(c), the inner formwork 32 is placed on the planar mortar layer 21 at a predetermined distance from the inner surface of the outer formwork 31. In this case, if the process involves placing the inner formwork 32 on top of the previously formed planar mortar layer 21, the planar mortar layer 21 is still in a state before hardening. Therefore, if the inner formwork 32 is too heavy, it may sink into the planar mortar layer 21, potentially resulting in an uneven thickness in the planar structure 2. For this reason, the inner formwork 32 is made of a relatively light material, such as foamed resin. Since the planar mortar layer 21 is still in a state before hardening, the inner formwork 32 can be placed on top of it, and by partially gelling the planar mortar layer 21, the inner formwork 32 can be held in place and prevented from moving. A partially gelled state refers to a condition where the mortar has partially begun to harden, resulting in a slight decrease in fluidity. However, it is not a state where the mortar has hardened completely, and it still retains a certain degree of fluidity. Therefore, adding new mortar on top of it will not result in a so-called cold joint.

[0042] As shown in Figure 5(c), once both formworks 31 and 32 are constructed, fiber-reinforced mortar is poured into the annular space between the inner surface of the side portion 31b of the outer formwork 31 and the outer surface of the inner formwork 32. At this time, as shown in Figure 6(d), fiber-reinforced mortar is filled to a height H2, for example, about 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the height H1 of the wall-like mortar section 22 (peripheral wall section 3) that will be ultimately formed, to form the lower mortar section 22a (lower mortar section formation process).

[0043] As mentioned above, fiber-reinforced mortar is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, water, short fibers for mortar reinforcement, and admixtures, and is heavy (for example, its specific gravity is more than twice that of water). Therefore, when poured into the annular space, it exerts a large pressure on the inner formwork 32. As mentioned above, the inner formwork 32 is made of a relatively lightweight material, and if it is not fixed in place, the large pressure when pouring the fiber-reinforced mortar can easily cause displacement.

[0044] Therefore, in order to keep the pressure acting on the fiber-reinforced mortar relatively low, instead of forming the entire wall-like mortar section 22 corresponding to the height H1 of the peripheral wall section 3 all at once, the lower mortar section 22a is formed by filling it up to a height H2 that is about 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the height H1 of the peripheral wall section 3. This makes it possible to reduce the pressure acting on the inner formwork 32 and limit its action to the lower end, thereby preventing the entire structure from moving.

[0045] Then, once the lower mortar section 22a has partially gelled, fiber-reinforced mortar is filled on top of it to form the upper mortar section 22b (upper mortar section formation process). Because it is partially gelled, it is firmly bonded with the fiber-reinforced mortar that is filled on top of it. Furthermore, when pouring the fiber-reinforced mortar onto the lower mortar section 22a, it is the remaining portion of the peripheral wall section 3 at height H1 (see Figure 1), and the amount of fiber-reinforced mortar poured is small. In addition, the lower part of the inner formwork 32 is embedded in the partially gelled lower mortar section 22a and firmly held in place, so it does not move due to the pressure of the fiber-reinforced mortar. For this reason, when filling the lower mortar section 22a with fiber-reinforced mortar, it is possible to remove the retaining member 33 that fixed the inner formwork 32 to the outer formwork 31 and perform the work. In Figure 6(e), the retaining member 33 is shown in the removed state.

[0046] In this manner, fiber-reinforced mortar is poured onto the lower mortar section 22a to form the upper mortar section 22b. Then, as shown in Figure 6(f), a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is placed on the upper mortar section 22b (reinforcing fiber sheet placement step), and the surface fiber-reinforced mortar is deposited on top of it to form the surface mortar section 22c (surface mortar section formation step). As a result, the lower mortar section 22a, the upper mortar section 22b, and the surface mortar section 22c are integrated, forming a wall-like mortar section 22 with the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 embedded inside.

[0047] (Curing process) Subsequently, by curing these planar mortar layers 21 and wall-like mortar sections 22 to harden the fiber-reinforced mortar, a panel 1 made of FRC concrete is formed with a peripheral wall section 3 erected on the periphery of the planar structural section 2.

[0048] Thus, in the manufacturing method of this panel 1, the wall-like mortar section 22, which forms the peripheral wall 3, is formed by pouring fiber-reinforced mortar in two main stages: a lower stage and an upper stage. In this process, the fiber-reinforced mortar is poured on top of the lower mortar section 22a after it has partially gelled. If the entire height of the wall-like mortar section 22 were to be formed in a single pour of fiber-reinforced mortar, the inner formwork 32 would move due to the pressure when pouring the fiber-reinforced mortar, as mentioned above. To firmly fix this inner formwork 32 in place would require large equipment.

[0049] By forming the structure in two stages, the structure of the retaining member 33, which fixes the inner formwork 32 in place to prevent it from moving due to the pressure generated when pouring the fiber-reinforced mortar during the formation of the lower mortar section 22a, can be relatively simple. Furthermore, after the lower mortar section 22a has partially gelled, even if the retaining member 33 is removed, the inner formwork 32 is firmly held in place by the lower mortar section 22a, thus suppressing movement of the inner formwork 32 when forming the upper mortar section 22b.

[0050] Furthermore, since the fiber-reinforced mortar is poured into the lower mortar section 22a while it is partially gelled, it can be closely connected to the lower mortar section 22a, and the surrounding wall section 3 can be finished uniformly in the height direction.

[0051] In Figure 5, the inner formwork 32 placed on the planar mortar layer 21 is held in place by partially gelling the planar mortar layer 21. However, a holding member may be provided to physically fix the inner formwork 32 to the outer formwork 31. For example, in Figure 7, a perforated lid-shaped retaining member 33 is integrally fixed on the inner formwork 32, and the retaining member 33 is fixed to the tip of the outer formwork 31. Mortar can then be poured through the hole 33a of the retaining member 33. Alternatively, a configuration may be provided in which multiple stepped plugs 35 as shown in Figure 8 are prepared, and the narrow plug portion 35a of these stepped plugs is fitted between the inner formwork 32 and the outer formwork 31, thereby maintaining a constant width in the annular space between the inner formwork 32 and the outer formwork 31. In this case, if necessary, the wider flange portion 35b of the stepped plug 35, which rests on the outer formwork 31, may be fixed to the outer formwork 31 and the inner formwork 32.

[0052] Figure 9 shows a modified example of the first embodiment. In this panel 101, the planar structure portion 102 and the peripheral wall portion 103 are formed to be approximately the same thickness, and the peripheral wall portion 103 is formed to be of uniform thickness in the circumferential direction, and the whole is formed in a box shape with the right side of Figure 9 open. In the example shown in Figure 9, the planar structure portion 102 is formed to be thicker than the planar structure portion 2 of the first embodiment.

[0053] In panel 1 shown in Figure 1, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded only on the first surface 11 side of the planar structure 2. However, in this modified panel 101, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded on both the first surface 111 side and the second surface 112 side of the planar structure 102. In both cases, the depth t2 from the surface is set to a range of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, or, if the thickness of the planar structure 102 is t1, to a range of 1 / 5 or more and less than 1 / 2 of the thickness t1. In addition, at the tip of the peripheral wall portion 103 of this panel 101, roving 17 made of long fibers such as glass fibers is embedded as a reinforcing fiber member instead of the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 of the first embodiment. In the example shown in Figure 9, four rovings 17 are embedded at intervals along the tip surface 113 of the peripheral wall portion 103, parallel to each other (and also parallel to both sides of the peripheral wall portion 103), reinforcing the entire tip of the peripheral wall portion 103. In each roving 17, the depth t2 from the surface of the peripheral wall portion 103 is set to a range of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, or a range of 1 / 5 or more and less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the peripheral wall portion 103.

[0054] As in this panel 101, by embedding reinforcing fiber sheets 7 on both sides of the planar structure 102, the reinforcing fiber sheets 7 can bear the strength of both the stresses (compressive stress on one side and tensile stress on the other side) generated by the deflection of the planar structure 102, thereby exhibiting excellent overall strength. Furthermore, the roving 17 of the peripheral wall 103 can also be reinforced by embedding an appropriate number of rovings 17, even in areas that are too narrow to embed planar reinforcing fiber sheets 7. When roving 17 is used as a reinforcing fiber member, as in this example, unlike a sheet, it is linear and therefore installed along the direction in which reinforcement is needed (in the example shown in Figure 9, the longitudinal direction of the peripheral wall portion 103). Furthermore, if the height of the surrounding wall portion 103 is large, the construction is carried out by pouring the fiber-reinforced mortar in multiple stages, as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, although a peripheral wall 3 is provided in the examples shown in Figures 1 and 2, the peripheral wall 3 is not necessarily required, and the panel may consist only of the planar structure 2. The structure may also have sides rising from both sides of the planar structure, resulting in a U-shaped cross-section.

[0055] [Second Embodiment] Figure 10 shows the panel of the second embodiment. In contrast to the panel 1 of the first embodiment, which had a single planar structure 2, this panel 51 is a double-skin panel with two planar structure 2, 52. Specifically, another planar structure 52 is integrally formed at the tip of a peripheral wall 53 erected on the periphery of the planar structure 2.

[0056] In other words, the panel 51 of this second embodiment comprises a pair of planar structural parts 2, 52 made of FRC concrete, and a peripheral wall part 53 that connects the peripheral edges of the double-sided structural parts 2, 52 when the planar structural parts 2, 52 are arranged parallel to each other. The spacer member 54 is housed in the space enclosed by these planar structural parts 2, 52 and the peripheral wall part 53. In this panel 51, the outer surface of one planar structure 52 (the surface opposite to the peripheral wall 53) is attached to two beam members 5, upper and lower, via brackets 6, so that the planar structures 2 and 52 are arranged along the vertical direction.

[0057] In each planar structure 2, 52, a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded along the surface in the area from the center in the thickness direction towards the surface opposite to the peripheral wall 53. If we consider the planar structure located on the left side of Figure 10 as the first planar structure 2 and the planar structure located on the right side as the second planar structure 52, then in the first planar structure 2, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded in the area slightly to the left of the center in the thickness direction, and in the second planar structure 52, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded in the area slightly to the right of the center in the thickness direction. In other words, in each planar structure 2, 52, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded closer to the outer surface of the panel 51.

[0058] In each planar structure 2, 52, if the surfaces constituting the outer surface of the panel 51 are designated as the first surfaces 11, 55 and the opposite surfaces as the second surfaces 12, 56, then in both double-sided structure 2, 52, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded from the center in the thickness direction toward the first surfaces 11, 55. The depth t2 from each first surface 11, 55 to the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is set within the range of 1 mm to 5 mm, similar to the panel 1 in the first embodiment, and within the range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness t1 of each planar structure 2, 52 (in the figure, both double-sided structure 2, 52 are set to the same thickness).

[0059] Furthermore, each reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is positioned at a distance d1 of 1 mm to 10 mm from the periphery of the double-sided structural portion 2,52. In Figure 10, the symbols C1 and C2 indicate the centerlines in the thickness direction of each planar structure 2, 52. The spacer member 54 is formed from a synthetic resin such as expanded polystyrene.

[0060] When manufacturing this panel 51, as shown in Figure 11, the process includes: a first planar mortar layer formation step of forming a first planar mortar layer 21 which will become the first planar structure 2; a wall-like mortar part formation step of forming a wall-like mortar part 61 which will become the peripheral wall 53 on the periphery of the first planar mortar layer 21; a second planar mortar layer formation step of forming a second planar mortar layer which will become the second planar structure 62 on the wall-like mortar part 61; and a curing step of curing these planar mortar layers 21, 62 and the wall-like mortar part 61. Some of these steps are shown in Figure 12.

[0061] The first planar mortar layer formation step is the same as the planar mortar layer formation step of the first embodiment, so the same reference numerals are used for the first planar mortar layer in Figure 12. In this case, the outer formwork 71 is taller than that of the first embodiment, and the bottom plate portion 71a has a side portion 71b integrally formed at a height that allows for the construction of the second planar mortar layer 62. The process for forming the wall-like mortar section is the same as in the first embodiment in that the fiber-reinforced mortar is poured in multiple stages. However, in the second embodiment, since the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is not provided inside the peripheral wall section 53, the wall-like mortar section 61 is formed in two stages: the lower mortar section 61a and the upper mortar section 61b. The surface mortar section 22c that was present in the first embodiment is absent in the second embodiment, and therefore, the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is not embedded in the peripheral wall section 53. In addition, in this second embodiment, the inner formwork remains in the product as a spacer member 54 for the later panel 51.

[0062] Next, in the second planar mortar layer formation process, fiber-reinforced mortar is deposited to cover the surface of the inner formwork (spacer member) 54 and the wall-shaped mortar portion 61 filled around it, forming the first layer 62a of the second planar mortar layer 62, and a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is placed on top of the first layer 62a. Then, fiber-reinforced mortar is deposited on top of this reinforcing fiber sheet 7 to form the second layer 62b, thereby forming the second planar mortar layer 62. Finally, by curing and hardening the entire structure, the pair of planar structural parts 2, 52 are connected by the peripheral wall part 53, and a panel 51 is formed with a spacer member 54 embedded inside.

[0063] In this second embodiment, the panel 51 has a pair of parallel planar structural parts 2 and 52, and a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded near the surface of each planar structural part 2 and 52. Therefore, both sides are reinforced, and it can exhibit excellent strength when external pressure is applied to both sides.

[0064] In the above embodiment, an example was shown in which the planar structure of the panel is a flat plate, but as shown in Figure 13, the present invention can also be applied to a curved structure. In the panel 81 shown in Figure 13, a pair of planar structure parts 82 and 83 are provided, and a peripheral wall part 84 connects the peripheral edges of the double-sided structure parts 82 and 83 when these planar structure parts 82 and 83 are arranged parallel to each other, and a reinforcing fiber sheet 7 is embedded in the double-sided structure parts 82 and 83, near their outer surfaces. A spacer member 85 is housed in the space enclosed by these planar structure parts 82 and 83 and the peripheral wall part 84. In the example shown in Figure 13, the double-sided structural parts 82 and 83 are formed in the shape of an arc curved surface having the same center of curvature, thereby forming an arc-shaped panel 81 as a whole.

[0065] In each embodiment, one reinforcing fiber sheet 7 was embedded in the area requiring reinforcement, but two or more sheets may be embedded in the thickness direction depending on the required strength, etc. It is also possible to provide rovings as reinforcing fiber members in the planar structure, and they should be arranged along the direction in which reinforcement is needed. Of course, it is also possible to arrange multiple rovings in an intersecting pattern. Furthermore, although the explanation described the construction method as pouring fiber-reinforced mortar into a mold, depending on the size of the panel, all or part of the work may be done by hand lay-up, in which workers apply and pile up the fiber-reinforced mortar using trowels or similar tools. Furthermore, the outermost surface of the panel may be finished by applying mortar that does not contain short fibers.

[0066] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 14, a fiber reinforcement body may be used, which is formed by integrating two reinforcing fiber sheets at a predetermined interval. In this fiber reinforced body 150, both reinforcing fiber sheets 151 are made by weaving together rovings 152, for example, bundles of glass fibers, in a vertical and horizontal grid pattern. These reinforcing fiber sheets 151 are arranged parallel to each other at regular intervals, and are further joined together by connecting fibers 153 made of resin such as polyester or polyethylene. Since both reinforcing fiber sheets 151 are made of rovings 152, they have some rigidity, and like the reinforcing fiber sheet 7 described above, their tensile strength is set to 500 MPa or more. The connecting fibers 153 also have a certain degree of shape retention, maintaining both reinforcing fiber sheets 151 in a state where they are kept at regular intervals, and since the rovings 152 of both reinforcing fiber sheets 151 are joined at numerous points, for example, between the intersections of the grid and between the linear parts other than the intersections, they do not deform easily.

[0067] Figure 15 shows a panel of a third embodiment using the fiber reinforcement 150. This panel 160 is formed in a planar shape, and the fiber reinforcement 150 is embedded in the vicinity of the first surface 161 and the second surface 162 of the planar panel 160, with reinforcing fiber sheets 151 positioned accordingly. As in the previously described embodiment, each reinforcing fiber sheet 151 is positioned such that its depth t2 from the first surface 161 or the second surface 162 of the panel 160 is between 1 mm and 5 mm, or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness t1 of the panel 160. In this embodiment, the planar panel 160 constitutes the planar structure of the present invention.

[0068] In the example shown in Figure 15, multiple spacers 171 are provided between the fiber reinforcement 150 and the first surface 161, and between it and the side surface 163. These spacers 171 are blocks made of FRC concrete. The reinforcing fiber sheet 151 may be made of glass fiber, or of other organic synthetic fibers such as polyester or polyethylene.

[0069] To construct the panel 160 configured in this way, spacers 171 are placed on the bottom surface 175a of the formwork 175, as shown in Figure 16. These spacers 171 are set to the same height and define the embedding position of one of the reinforcing fiber sheets (the lower reinforcing fiber sheet in Figure 16) 151 of the fiber reinforcement body 150. By placing the fiber reinforcement body 150 on these spacers 171, one of the reinforcing fiber sheets 151 is positioned within the aforementioned depth t2 range. Spacers 171 are also placed between both sides of the fiber reinforcement body 150 and the inner surface of the side 175b of the formwork 175 to hold the fiber reinforcement body 150 in place so that it does not move within the formwork 175. Then, fiber-reinforced mortar, which will become FRC concrete, is poured into the formwork 175 and the fiber-reinforced mortar is filled until the upper reinforcing fiber sheet 151 is buried. The side spacers 171 may be placed after a small amount of fiber-reinforced mortar has been deposited on the bottom surface 175a of the formwork 175, reaching the required height for the spacers 171.

[0070] After filling the upper reinforcing fiber sheet 151 with fiber-reinforced mortar, the panel 160 made of FRC concrete is completed by curing the fiber-reinforced mortar in this state to harden. Since the panel 160 has reinforcing fiber sheets 151 embedded near both sides of the first surface 161 and the second surface 162, the reinforcing fiber sheets 151 can bear the load of the force regardless of whether an external force is applied from the direction of the first surface 161 or the second surface 162, allowing the panel as a whole to exhibit excellent strength. Furthermore, since the two reinforcing fiber sheets 151 are integrated by the connecting fiber 153, the strength is higher and the reinforcing effect is enhanced compared to when two individual reinforcing fiber sheets are handled separately, while also being easier to handle and improving workability during installation.

[0071] In Figure 16, the panel 160 is formed in a planar shape, but as shown in the fourth embodiment in Figure 17, it is also possible to create a panel 180 having side walls 181 by bending the fiber reinforcement 155. As mentioned above, the fiber reinforcement 155 has a certain degree of rigidity, and although a considerable force is required to bend it, once bent it is maintained in a nearly bent position. In the example shown in Figure 15, the fiber reinforcement 155 is in a state where both sides 157 are bent at a right angle to the flat portion 156. This panel 180 has a shape in which side walls 181 are raised vertically on both sides of the planar structure portion 182, and the overall cross-section is formed in a U shape.

[0072] Furthermore, the reinforcing fiber sheets 151 of the fiber reinforcement 155 are arranged not only on the first surface 183 and the second surface 184 of the planar structure 182, but also near both sides of the side wall 181. The depth t2 of the reinforcing fiber sheets 151 from the first surface 183 or the second surface 184 of the planar structure 182 in the flat section 156 is the same as in the case of Figure 12, and similarly, the depth t2 from both sides of the side wall 181 in both sides 157 is set to be between 1 mm and 5 mm.

[0073] When constructing the panel 180 configured in this way, although not shown in the diagram, spacers 171 are placed on the bottom surface of the formwork, the fiber reinforcement 155 is placed on top, and fiber-reinforced mortar is filled in. As explained in Figure 6, etc., the fiber-reinforced mortar is filled in multiple stages using an inner formwork, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 15. The panel is completed by filling the fiber-reinforced mortar until both sides 157 of the fiber reinforcement 155 are filled and then curing it.

[0074] By bending the fiber reinforcement 155, the planar structure 182 and the side wall 181 can be reinforced, resulting in significantly better workability compared to reinforcing them with separate reinforcing fiber sheets.

[0075] In this example, panel 180 is shown with side walls 181 raised on both sides of the planar structure 182. However, this method can also be applied to a configuration where the side walls are raised in an annular shape along the periphery of the planar structure 182. In that case, the fiber reinforcement is also raised at its periphery to form the sides, but it is advisable to make it easier to raise the sides by, for example, making cuts in a part of the fiber reinforcement as needed. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0076] 1 Panel 2 planar structure (first planar structure) 3 Peripheral wall part 5 Beam members 6 brackets 7. Reinforcement fiber sheet (reinforcement fiber member) 11 Front page 12 Second side 13 Tip surface 15 Long fibers 16 Aperture 17. Roving (reinforcement fiber material) 21 Planar mortar layer 21a First layer 21b Second layer 22 Wall-like mortar section 22a Lower mortar section 22b Upper mortar section 22c Surface mortar section 31 Outer formwork 32 Inner formwork 33 Retaining member 35-stage plug 51 panels 52 Second planar structure 53 Peripheral wall section 54 Spacer member 61 Wall-like mortar section 61a Lower mortar section 61b Upper mortar section 62 Planar mortar layer 62a First layer 62b Second layer 71 Outer formwork 81 panels 82,83 Planar structure 84 Peripheral wall section 101 Panels 102 Planar structure 103 Peripheral wall section 150 Fiber-reinforced material 151 Reinforcement fiber sheet (reinforcement fiber member) 152 Roving 153 Binding Fibers 155 Fiber-reinforced material 156 Plane section 157 Side 160 Panel (Planar Structure) 171 Spacer 180 panels 181 Side wall section 182 Planar structure

Claims

1. A panel having a planar structure made of FRC concrete, wherein the planar structure has a first surface and a second surface opposite to it, and a reinforcing fiber member is embedded along the first surface in a portion at least closer to the first surface from the center in the thickness direction between the first surface and the second surface, within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the first surface, or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure.

2. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the FRC concrete contains a large number of reinforcing short fibers, the short fibers consist of organic fibers such as polyethylene fibers, vinylon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, and steel fibers, or inorganic fibers, are formed to a length of 3 mm to 40 mm, and are mixed in the FRC concrete in an unoriented manner, and the reinforcing fiber member is a sheet formed by weaving long fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, and steel fibers in a lattice pattern, or a roving formed by bundling the long fibers.

3. The panel according to claim 2, characterized in that the sheet has a mesh size of 3 mm or more and 100 mm or less.

4. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that a peripheral wall portion is integrally formed on the peripheral edge of the second surface of the planar structure portion, rising from the second surface, and a reinforcing fiber member is further embedded along the tip surface of the peripheral wall portion within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the tip surface of the peripheral edge portion.

5. It comprises a pair of planar structural parts made of FRC concrete, a peripheral wall connecting the peripheral edges of the two planar structural parts when they are arranged parallel to each other, and a spacer member housed in the space enclosed by the planar structural parts and the peripheral wall, The panel is characterized in that the planar structure portion is located in a part of the surface opposite to the peripheral wall portion from the center in the thickness direction, and a reinforcing fiber member is embedded along the surface within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure portion.

6. A panel having a planar structure made of FRC concrete, wherein the planar structure has a first surface and a second surface opposite to it, and fiber reinforcement is embedded parallel to the first and second surfaces, the fiber reinforcement is formed by connecting a pair of reinforcing fiber sheets arranged parallel to each other with connecting fibers, and the pair of reinforcing fiber sheets are embedded along the first surface or the second surface, respectively, in portions closer to the first surface and the second surface from the center in the thickness direction between the first surface and the second surface, within a thickness range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the first surface and the surface of the second surface, respectively, or within a range of 1 / 5 to less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the planar structure.

7. A method for manufacturing the panel described in claim 4, The process includes: a planar mortar layer formation step for forming a planar mortar layer that will become the planar structure; a wall-like mortar section formation step for forming a wall-like mortar section that will become the peripheral wall on the periphery of the planar mortar layer; and a curing step for curing the planar mortar layer and the wall-like mortar section. The planar mortar layer formation step involves depositing fiber-reinforced mortar, which will become FRC concrete, within the outer formwork and arranging the reinforcing fiber members within the fiber-reinforced mortar to form the planar mortar layer. The aforementioned wall-like mortar section formation step is: A lower mortar section formation step is to place an inner formwork on the planar mortar layer to form the inner circumferential surface of the wall-shaped mortar section, and before the planar mortar layer hardens, pour fiber-reinforced mortar into the annular space between the inner formwork and the outer formwork up to a height position midway up the wall-shaped mortar section to form the lower mortar section, A method for manufacturing a panel, comprising: an upper mortar section formation step, in which, after the lower mortar section has partially gelled, fiber-reinforced mortar is poured into the remaining portion of the annular space and deposited on top of the lower mortar section to form the wall-like mortar section up to the upper end.

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