Anti-glare film and image display device

Abstract

To provide an anti-glare film that offers excellent anti-glare properties and can suppress reflected and scattered light. [Solution] An anti-glare film having an anti-glare layer, wherein the anti-glare film has an uneven surface, and with respect to the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the uneven surface, the spatial frequencies are each 0.005 μm -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015μm -1 The sum of the corresponding amplitudes is AM1, and the spatial frequency is 0.300 μm. -1 When the amplitude in is defined as AM2, AM1 is 0.070 to 0.400 μm, and AM2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an antiglare film and an image display device.

Background Art

[0002] An antiglare film may be installed on the surface of an image display device such as a monitor of a TV, a notebook PC, or a desktop PC to suppress the reflection of illumination and the background such as people.

[0003] The antiglare film has a basic structure having an antiglare layer with an uneven surface on a transparent substrate. As such an antiglare film, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4 etc. have been proposed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Conventional antiglare films such as Patent Documents 1 to 4 impart an antiglare property such that the reflected image is blurred, and it has been difficult to sufficiently suppress the reflection of illumination and the background such as people. On the other hand, by increasing the degree of roughness of the surface irregularities of the antiglare layer, the reflection can be sufficiently suppressed and the antiglare property can be enhanced. However, simply increasing the degree of roughness of the surface irregularities has a problem that the scattered reflected light becomes strong and the contrast of the image display device is impaired.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide an antiglare film having excellent antiglare properties and capable of suppressing reflected scattered light.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] The present invention provides the following antiglare films and display devices of [1] to

[14] . [1] An antiglare film having an antiglare layer, wherein the antiglare film has a concavo-convex surface, and regarding the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the concavo-convex surface, the spatial frequencies are 0.005 μm -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015 μm -1 respectively, and when the sum of the amplitudes corresponding to 0.300 μm -1 is defined as AM1 and the amplitude at the spatial frequency of 0.300 μm -1 is defined as AM2, an antiglare film in which AM1 is 0.070 to 0.400 μm, AM2 is 0.0050 μm or more, and AM2 < AM1. [2] The antiglare film according to [1], wherein AM2 is 0.0055 to 0.0550 μm. [3] The antiglare film according to [1] or [2], wherein AM1 / AM2 is 1.0 to 60.0. [4] The antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the haze of JIS K7136:2000 is 60 to 98%. [5] The antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the antiglare layer contains a binder resin and particles. [6] The antiglare film according to [5], wherein when the thickness of the antiglare layer is defined as T and the average particle diameter of the particles is defined as D, D / T is 0.20 to 0.96. [7] The antiglare film according to [5] or [6], wherein the average particle diameter D of the particles is 1.0 to 5.0 μm. [8] The antiglare film according to any one of [5] to [7], which contains 40 to 200 parts by mass of the particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. [9] The antiglare film according to any one of [5] to [8], wherein the particles are organic particles.

[10] The anti-glare film according to any one of [5] to [9], wherein the anti-glare layer further comprises inorganic fine particles.

[11] The anti-glare film according to

[10] , comprising 40 to 200 parts by mass of the inorganic fine particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

[12] The anti-glare film according to any one of [5] to

[11] , wherein the binder resin comprises a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition and a thermoplastic resin.

[13] The anti-glare film according to any one of [1] to

[12] , further comprising an anti-reflective layer on the anti-glare layer, wherein the surface of the anti-reflective layer is the uneven surface.

[14] An image display device comprising an anti-glare film described in [1] to

[13] arranged on a display element such that the surface of the anti-glare film with the uneven surface facing away from the display element, and the anti-glare film being placed on the outermost surface. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The anti-glare film and image display device of the present invention have excellent anti-glare properties and can suppress reflected and scattered light. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the anti-glare film of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the behavior of light incident on the anti-glare layer. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the image display device of the present invention. [Figure 4] This figure illustrates a method for calculating the amplitude spectrum of elevation on an uneven surface. [Figure 5] This figure illustrates a method for calculating the amplitude spectrum of elevation on an uneven surface. [Figure 6] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude of the anti-glare film of Example 1. [Figure 7] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude of the anti-glare film of Example 2. [Figure 8]This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude of the anti-glare film of Example 3. [Figure 9] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude of the anti-glare film of Example 4. [Figure 10] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude of the anti-glare film of Example 5. [Figure 11] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude for the anti-glare film of Comparative Example 1. [Figure 12] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude for the anti-glare film of Comparative Example 2. [Figure 13] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude for the anti-glare film of Comparative Example 3. [Figure 14] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude for the anti-glare film of Comparative Example 4. [Figure 15] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude for the anti-glare film of Comparative Example 5. [Figure 16] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude for the anti-glare film of Comparative Example 6. [Figure 17] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude of the anti-glare film of Example 6. [Figure 18] This figure shows the relationship between spatial frequency and amplitude of the anti-glare film of Example 7. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In this specification, the notation AA~BB means AA or higher and BB or lower.

[0011] [Anti-glare film] The anti-glare film of the present invention is an anti-glare film having an anti-glare layer, wherein the anti-glare film has an uneven surface, and with respect to the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the uneven surface, the spatial frequencies are each 0.005 μm -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015μm -1The total amplitude corresponding to it is AM1, and the spatial frequency is 0.300 μm -1 When the amplitude at -1 is defined as AM2, AM1 is 0.070 to 0.400 μm, AM2 is 0.0050 μm or more, and AM2 < AM1.

[0012] As described above, AM1 is the sum of the amplitudes of three spatial frequencies and is represented by the following formula. AM1 = the amplitude at a spatial frequency of 0.005 μm -1 + the amplitude at a spatial frequency of 0.010 μm -1 + the amplitude at a spatial frequency of 0.015 μm -1 + the amplitude at a spatial frequency of 0.015 μm

[0013] Note that since the spatial frequency is a discrete value depending on the length of one side, 0.005 μm -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015 μm -1 , and 0.300 μm -1 may not be obtained as the corresponding spatial frequency. If there is no spatial frequency corresponding to the above value, the amplitude of the spatial frequency closest to the above value may be extracted.

[0014] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cross-sectional shape of the antiglare film 100 of the present invention. The antiglare film 100 in FIG. 1 includes an antiglare layer 20 and has an uneven surface. In FIG. 1, the surface of the antiglare layer 20 is the uneven surface of the antiglare film. Further, the antiglare film 100 in FIG. 1 has an antiglare layer 20 on a transparent substrate 10. Further, the antiglare layer 20 in FIG. 1 has a binder resin 21 and organic particles 22. Note that FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view. That is, the scales of each layer constituting the antiglare film 100, the scales of each material, and the scale of the surface unevenness are schematized for easy illustration and are different from the actual scales. The same applies to FIGS. 2 to 4.

[0015] The antiglare film of the present invention is not limited to the laminated structure of FIG. 1 (a laminated structure having an antiglare layer on a transparent substrate), as long as it has an antiglare layer with uneven surfaces where AM1 is 0.070 to 0.400 μm, AM2 is 0.0050 μm or more, and AM2 < AM1. For example, the antiglare film may have a single-layer structure of the antiglare layer, or may have layers other than the transparent substrate and the antiglare layer (e.g., an antireflection layer, an antifouling layer, etc.). When there is another layer on the antiglare layer, it is sufficient that the surface of the other layer is the uneven surface of the antiglare film. A preferred embodiment of the antiglare film has an antiglare layer on a transparent substrate, and the surface of the antiglare layer opposite to the transparent substrate is an uneven surface.

[0016] <Transparent substrate> From the viewpoints of ease of manufacturing the antiglare film and handling properties of the antiglare film, it is preferable that the antiglare film has a transparent substrate.

[0017] The transparent substrate is preferably one having light transmittance, smoothness, heat resistance, and excellent mechanical strength. Examples of such a transparent substrate include plastic films such as polyester, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cellulose diacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyamide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetal, polyether ketone, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, and amorphous olefin (Cyclo-Olefin-Polymer: COP). The transparent substrate may be a laminate of two or more plastic films. Among the above, from the viewpoints of mechanical strength and dimensional stability, stretched, particularly biaxially stretched polyester (such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.) is preferable. TAC and acrylic are suitable from the viewpoints of light transmittance and optical isotropy. Also, COP and polyester are suitable in terms of excellent weather resistance.

[0018] The thickness of the transparent substrate is preferably 5 to 300 μm, more preferably 20 to 200 μm, and even more preferably 30 to 120 μm. When it is desired to make the antiglare film thinner, the preferable upper limit of the thickness of the transparent substrate is 60 μm, and the more preferable upper limit is 50 μm. Further, when the transparent substrate is a low moisture permeability substrate such as polyester, COP, or acrylic, the preferable upper limit of the thickness of the transparent substrate for thinning is 40 μm, and the more preferable upper limit is 20 μm. Even in the case of a large screen, if the upper limit of the thickness of the transparent substrate is within the above-mentioned range, it is also preferable in that it can make it difficult to generate distortion. The thickness of the transparent substrate can be measured with a digital micrometer outside the standard (Mitutoyo Corporation, product number "MDC-25SX") or the like. The thickness of the transparent substrate only needs to be such that the average value measured at any 10 points is the above numerical value.

[0019] On the surface of the transparent substrate, physical treatment such as corona discharge treatment or chemical treatment may be performed, or an easy adhesion layer may be formed to improve adhesion.

[0020] <Uneven surface> The antiglare film needs to have an uneven surface. Further, with respect to the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the uneven surface of the antiglare film, AM1 (the sum of the amplitudes corresponding to spatial frequencies of 0.005 μm -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015 μm -1 ) is 0.070 to 0.400 μm, AM2 (the amplitude at a spatial frequency of 0.30 μm -1 ) is 0.0050 μm or more, and it is required that AM2 < AM1. When there is no other layer on the antiglare layer, it is only necessary that the surface of the antiglare layer satisfies the conditions of the uneven surface. When there is another layer on the antiglare layer, it is only necessary that the surface of the other layer satisfies the conditions of the uneven surface.

[0021] In this specification, the "elevation of the uneven surface" means the straight-line distance in the direction of the normal V of the anti-glare film (the normal direction in the virtual plane M) between an arbitrary point P on the uneven surface and a virtual plane M having the same height at the average height of the uneven surface (the elevation is 0 μm as a reference) (see FIG. 4). When the elevation of an arbitrary point P is higher than the average height, the elevation is positive, and when the elevation of an arbitrary point P is lower than the average height, the elevation is negative. Also, in this specification, unless otherwise specified, the term "elevation" shall mean the elevation based on the average height.

[0022] The spatial frequency and amplitude can be obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the three-dimensional coordinate data of the uneven surface. Details of the method for calculating the spatial frequency and amplitude from the three-dimensional coordinate data of the uneven surface will be described later.

[0023] 《AM1, AM2》 Regarding the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the uneven surface, it can be generally said that the spatial frequency correlates with "the reciprocal of the interval between convex portions" and the amplitude correlates with "the amount of change in the elevation of convex portions with a predetermined interval". Note that the spatial frequency of 0.005 μm -1 indicates that the interval is about 200 μm, and the spatial frequency of 0.010 μm -1 indicates that the interval is about 100 μm, and the spatial frequency of 0.015 μm -1 indicates that the interval is about 67 μm, and the spatial frequency of 0.300 μm -1 indicates that the interval is about 3 μm. Also, it can be generally said that "the amount of change in the elevation of convex portions with a predetermined interval" is proportional to the absolute value of the individual heights of convex portions with a predetermined interval. Therefore, it can be indirectly stated that an uneven surface where AM1 is 0.070 to 0.400 μm, AM2 is 0.0050 μm or more, and AM2 < AM1 includes the following convex portion groups i and ii. <Convex portion group i> A plurality of convex portions i are arranged at intervals of about 67 to 200 μm, and the absolute value of the height of the convex portion i is within a predetermined range. <Convex portion group ii> Multiple protrusions ii are arranged at intervals of approximately 3 μm, and the absolute value of the height of protrusions ii is greater than or equal to a predetermined value and less than the absolute value of the height of protrusion i.

[0024] The uneven surface having the above-described groups of protrusions i and ii is thought to exhibit excellent anti-glare properties and suppress reflected and scattered light, mainly for the following reasons (x1) to (x5). This will be explained below using Figure 2. In Figure 2, the protrusions with large spacing between them are called protrusions i. Also in Figure 2, the protrusions with small spacing between them that exist between protrusions i, and the protrusions with small spacing between them that exist at both the left and right ends of Figure 2 are called protrusions ii. Furthermore, in Figure 2, the outer edges of the protrusions with large absolute heights are schematically drawn with smooth lines, but these outer edges may have fine irregularities. For example, the anti-glare film of the embodiment is thought to have fine irregularities on the outer edges of the protrusions with large absolute heights.

[0025] The group of convex parts (x1)i has adjacent convex parts i that are not too far apart, and each convex part i has a predetermined height. Therefore, most of the reflected light reflected from the surface of any convex part i is incident on an adjacent convex part i. Then, it undergoes repeated total internal reflection within the adjacent convex parts i, and finally propagates on the opposite side from the observer 200 (image shown by the solid line in Figure 2). (x2) Reflected light incident on the steep slope of any convex part i travels in the opposite direction from the observer 200, regardless of any adjacent convex parts i (see the dashed line in Figure 2). (x3) Normally, a substantially flat area that produces specularly reflected light is easily formed in the region between the convex parts i. However, in this embodiment, since the group of convex parts ii is formed in the region between the convex parts i, the proportion of specularly reflected light in the reflected light reflected in that region can be reduced. (x4) The reflected light from the region between the two protrusions i is likely to collide with the adjacent mountain. Therefore, the angular distribution of the reflected light from this region is not biased towards a predetermined angle, but rather has a nearly uniform angular distribution. (x5) The reflected light from the gently sloping surface of the convex part i propagates towards the observer 200 (image shown by the dashed line in Figure 2). Since the angular distribution of the gently sloping surface of the convex part i is uniform, the angular distribution of the reflected light is also uniform and not biased towards any particular angle.

[0026] First, from the above (x1) to (x3), it is considered that the reflected and scattered light can be suppressed, and thus the antiglare property can be improved to a predetermined level. Furthermore, from the above (x4) and (x5), even if a small amount of reflected and scattered light occurs, the angular distribution of the reflected and scattered light can be made uniform. Even if the reflected and scattered light is a small amount, if the angular distribution of the reflected and scattered light is biased toward a specific angle, it will be recognized as reflected light. Therefore, from the above (x4) and (x5), the antiglare property can be extremely improved. Also, from the above (x1) to (x5), since the observer can hardly feel the reflected and scattered light, a deep black feeling can be imparted to the antiglare film, and thus a high-class feeling can be imparted to the image display device.

[0027] When AM1 is 0.070 to 0.400 μm, AM2 is 0.0050 μm or more, and AM2 < AM1, the actions of the above (x1) to (x5) are likely to occur, the antiglare property is excellent, the reflected and scattered light is suppressed, and thus it is easy to impart a deep black feeling.

[0028] From the viewpoint of facilitating the occurrence of the actions of the above (x1) to (x5), AM1 is preferably 0.090 to 0.390 μm, more preferably 0.130 to 0.380 μm, and still more preferably 0.150 to 0.370 μm. If AM is too small, the antiglare property is particularly likely to be insufficient. On the other hand, if AM1 becomes too large, the resolution of the video tends to decrease. Also, if AM1 becomes too large, in the light (mainly video light) incident from the side opposite to the uneven surface, the ratio of the light that undergoes total reflection on the uneven surface increases, and the transmittance tends to decrease. Also, if AM1 becomes too large, the convex portions with a large absolute value of height increase, and the ratio of the light reflected to the observer side increases, and the reflected and scattered light may become conspicuous. Therefore, not making AM1 too large is also suitable from the viewpoints of suppressing the decrease in resolution and transmittance and further suppressing the reflected and scattered light.

[0029] From the viewpoint of facilitating the effects (x1) to (x5) described above, AM2 is preferably 0.0055 to 0.0550 μm, more preferably 0.0060 to 0.0500 μm, even more preferably 0.0070 to 0.0450 μm, and even more preferably 0.0080 to 0.0400 μm. Furthermore, if AM2 becomes too large, the image resolution tends to decrease. Therefore, keeping AM2 from becoming too large is preferable from the standpoint of suppressing a decrease in resolution.

[0030] Furthermore, if multiple options are provided for both the upper and lower limits of a numerical value in the constituent elements shown herein, one option selected from the upper limits and one option selected from the lower limits can be combined to form an embodiment of the numerical range. For example, in the case of AM1, embodiments can be described as having numerical ranges such as 0.070~0.400μm, 0.070~0.370μm, 0.090~0.400μm, 0.090~0.370μm, 0.130~0.390μm, 0.130~0.370μm, 0.150~0.40μm, and 0.150~0.380μm.

[0031] In this specification, numerical values ​​related to the amplitude spectra of elevations such as AM1 and AM2, optical properties (haze, total light transmittance, etc.), and surface morphology (Sa, Smp, etc.) represent the average values ​​of 16 measurement points. In this specification, it is preferable that the 16 measurement points be determined by defining a margin of 1 cm from the outer edge of the measurement sample, and drawing lines that divide the area inside this margin into five equal parts vertically and horizontally, with the 16 intersection points being the measurement centers. For example, if the measurement sample is a rectangle, it is preferable to define a margin of 1 cm from the outer edge of the rectangle, and perform measurements at the 16 intersection points of dotted lines that divide the area inside this margin into five equal parts vertically and horizontally, and calculate the parameter using the average value. If the measurement sample is a shape other than a rectangle, such as a circle, ellipse, triangle, or pentagon, it is preferable to draw a rectangle inscribed in this shape and perform 16 measurements on this rectangle using the method described above.

[0032] Furthermore, in this specification, unless otherwise specified, various parameters such as numerical values ​​related to the amplitude spectra of elevations AM1 and AM2, optical properties (haze, total light transmittance, etc.), and surface morphology (Sa, Smp, etc.) shall be measured at a temperature of 23±5°C and a humidity of 40-65%. In addition, before starting each measurement, the target sample shall be exposed to the aforementioned atmosphere for at least 30 minutes before measurement.

[0033] In this embodiment, AM1 is defined as the sum of the amplitudes of three spatial frequencies. That is, in AM1, three intervals are considered as the spacing between the protrusions. In this embodiment, since multiple intervals are considered in AM1, it is easier to suppress the increase in reflected light due to the alignment of the protrusions.

[0034] In this embodiment, the spatial frequencies are 0.005 μm each. -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015μm -1 When the average of the corresponding amplitudes is defined as AM1ave, it is preferable that AM1ave is 0.023 to 0.133 μm, more preferably 0.030 to 0.130 μm, even more preferably 0.043 to 0.127 μm, and even more preferably 0.050 to 0.123 μm. AM1ave can be expressed by the following formula. AM1ave = (Spatial frequency 0.005 μm) -1 Amplitude + spatial frequency 0.010 μm -1 Amplitude + spatial frequency 0.015 μm -1 (Amplitude at) / 3

[0035] In this embodiment, the spatial frequency is 0.005 μm -1 The amplitude corresponding to AM1-1 is given by a spatial frequency of 0.010 μm. -1 The corresponding amplitudes are AM1-2, and the spatial frequency is 0.015 μm. -1When the amplitudes corresponding to are defined as AM1-3, it is preferable that AM1-1, AM1-2, and AM1-3 are within the following ranges. By setting AM1-1, AM1-2, and AM1-3 within the following ranges, it becomes easier to suppress the uniform spacing of the protrusions, thus making it easier to suppress the increase in reflected light. AM1-1 is preferably 0.020 to 0.150 μm, more preferably 0.030 to 0.140 μm, even more preferably 0.040 to 0.130 μm, and even more preferably 0.050 to 0.120 μm. AM1-2 is preferably 0.020 to 0.145 μm, more preferably 0.030 to 0.135 μm, even more preferably 0.040 to 0.125 μm, and even more preferably 0.050 to 0.120 μm. AM1-3 is preferably 0.020 to 0.145 μm, more preferably 0.030 to 0.135 μm, even more preferably 0.040 to 0.125 μm, and even more preferably 0.050 to 0.120 μm.

[0036] In the anti-glare film of the present invention, from the viewpoint of improving the balance of protrusions with different periods and making it easier to produce the effects (x1) to (x5) described above, it is preferable that AM1 / AM2 be 1.0 to 60.0, more preferably 2.0 to 50.0, even more preferably 3.0 to 40.0, and even more preferably 4.0 to 30.0.

[0037] -Calculation methods for AM1 and AM2- In this specification, AM1 has spatial frequencies of 0.005 μm with respect to the amplitude spectrum of elevation of the uneven surface. -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015μm -1 AM2 represents the sum of the amplitudes corresponding to the amplitude spectrum, with respect to the spatial frequency of 0.300 μm -1 This refers to the amplitude at [location]. The calculation methods for AM1 and AM2 are explained below.

[0038] First, as stated above, in this specification, "elevation of the uneven surface" means the straight-line distance in the direction of the normal V of the anti-glare film (the normal direction in the above-mentioned hypothetical plane M) between any point P on the uneven surface and a hypothetical plane M having that height at the average height of the uneven surface (with an elevation of 0 μm as the reference) (see Figure 4).

[0039] If the orthogonal coordinates within the uneven surface of the anti-glare film are represented by (x,y), then the elevation of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film can be expressed as a two-dimensional function h(x,y) of the coordinates (x,y).

[0040] The elevation of uneven surfaces is preferably measured using an interference microscope. Examples of interference microscopes include Zygo's "New View" series. The required horizontal resolution for the measuring instrument is at least 5 μm, preferably 1 μm, and the vertical resolution is at least 0.01 μm, preferably 0.001 μm. The elevation measurement area has a spatial frequency resolution of 0.0050 μm. -1 Considering this, it is preferable to have a size of at least 200 μm × 200 μm.

[0041] Next, we will explain how to obtain the amplitude spectrum of elevation from a two-dimensional function h(x,y). First, from the two-dimensional function h(x,y), we obtain the amplitude spectrum Hx(fx) in the x direction and the amplitude spectrum Hy(fy) in the y direction from the Fourier transform defined by equations (1a) and (1b) below.

[0042]

number

[0043] Here, fx and fy are the frequencies in the x and y directions, respectively, and have dimensions that are the reciprocal of length. Also, in equations (1a) and (1b), π is pi and i is the imaginary unit. By averaging the obtained amplitude spectra Hx(fx) in the x direction and Hy(fy) in the y direction, the amplitude spectrum H(f) can be obtained. This amplitude spectrum H(f) represents the spatial frequency distribution of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film.

[0044] The following describes in more detail the method for determining the amplitude spectrum H(f) of the elevation of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film. The three-dimensional information of the surface shape actually measured by the interference microscope described above is generally obtained as discrete values, that is, as elevations corresponding to a large number of measurement points. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the elevation function h(x,y) can be obtained discretely. As shown in Figure 5, if the orthogonal coordinates within the plane of the anti-glare layer are represented by (x,y), and the lines divided into Δx intervals in the x-axis direction and Δy intervals in the y-axis direction on the projection plane Sp are shown as dashed lines, then in actual measurement, the elevation of the uneven surface is obtained as discrete elevation values ​​at each intersection of the dashed lines on the projection plane Sp.

[0045] The number of elevation values ​​obtained is determined by the measurement range and the coordinates Δx and Δy. As shown in Figure 5, if the measurement range in the x-axis direction is X = (M-1)Δx and the measurement range in the y-axis direction is Y = (N-1)Δy, then the number of elevation values ​​obtained is M × N.

[0046] As shown in Figure 5, if the coordinates of point A on the projection plane Sp are (jΔx, kΔy) (where j is between 0 and M-1 and k is between 0 and N-1), then the elevation of point P on the uneven surface corresponding to point A can be expressed as h(jΔx, kΔy).

[0047] Here, the measurement intervals Δx and Δy depend on the horizontal resolution of the measuring instrument. In order to accurately evaluate a finely uneven surface, it is preferable that both Δx and Δy be 5 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or less, as described above. Also, as described above, it is preferable that both the measurement ranges X and Y be 200 μm or more.

[0048] Thus, in actual measurements, the function representing the elevation of the uneven surface is obtained as a discrete function h(x,y) with M × N values. By performing a discrete Fourier transform on the discrete function h(x,y) obtained from the measurement in the x and y directions, as defined by equations (2a) and (2b) below, N discrete functions Hx(fx) and M discrete functions Hy(fy) are obtained. Then, by calculating their absolute values ​​(=amplitude) using equation (2c) below and averaging them all, the amplitude spectrum H(f) is obtained. In this specification, M=N and Δx=Δy. In equations (2a) to (2c) below, "l" is an integer between -M / 2 and M / 2, and "m" is an integer between -N / 2 and N / 2. Also, Δfx and Δfy are the frequency intervals in the x and y directions, respectively, and are defined by equations (3) and (4) below.

[0049]

number

[0050]

number

[0051]

number

[0052] The discrete function H(f) of the amplitude spectrum calculated as described above represents the spatial frequency distribution of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film. Figures 6-18 show the discrete function H(f) of the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the uneven surface for Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-6. In the figures, the horizontal axis represents spatial frequency (unit: μm). -1 The vertical axis represents amplitude (in μm).

[0053] 《Sa, Smp》 The uneven surface of the anti-glare film preferably has a three-dimensional arithmetic mean roughness Sa of 0.30 μm or more. Furthermore, the uneven surface of the anti-glare film preferably has a three-dimensional mean peak spacing Smp of 10.00 μm or less. By setting Sa and Smp within the above ranges, it becomes easier to obtain an uneven surface in which high peaks are located at close intervals, and it becomes easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the above ranges.

[0054] Sa is preferably 0.40 μm or larger, more preferably 0.50 μm or larger, and even more preferably 0.55 μm or larger. Furthermore, Sa is preferably 1.00 μm or less, more preferably 0.80 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.70 μm or less.

[0055] Smp is preferably 8.00 μm or less, more preferably 6.00 μm or less, even more preferably 4.50 μm or less, and even more preferably 3.50 μm or less. Furthermore, Smp is preferably 1.00 μm or larger, more preferably 1.50 μm or larger, and even more preferably 2.00 μm or larger.

[0056] The uneven surface of the anti-glare film preferably has an Sa / Smp ratio of 0.05 or higher, more preferably 0.10 or higher, and even more preferably 0.13 or higher. By setting Sa / Smp to 0.05 or higher, the tendency for high-altitude peaks to exist at close intervals on the uneven surface of the anti-glare layer can be further increased, making it easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the above range. Furthermore, Sa / Smp is preferably 0.50 or less, more preferably 0.40 or less, and even more preferably 0.25 or less.

[0057] 《Sz / Sa》 The anti-glare film of the present invention preferably has a ratio (Sz / Sa) of 5.0 or higher to Sa, more preferably 5.5 or higher, and even more preferably 6.0 or higher, of the three-dimensional ten-point average roughness Sz of the uneven surface. By setting Sz / Sa to 5.0 or higher, a certain degree of randomness is imparted to the uneven surface, making defects such as scratches on the uneven surface less noticeable. Furthermore, if Sz / Sa is too large, the presence of specific areas on the uneven surface may cause glare (a phenomenon in which minute variations in brightness are visible in the image light) or a localized decrease in the sense of deep black. For this reason, Sz / Sa is preferably 10.0 or less, more preferably 8.0 or less, and even more preferably 7.5 or less.

[0058] 《Ssk》 The anti-glare film of the present invention preferably has a three-dimensional skewness Ssk of the uneven surface of 0.60 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less, and even more preferably 0 or less. A small Ssk means that there is a small proportion of low-altitude areas on the uneven surface where specular reflection can occur. Therefore, by setting Ssk to 0.60 or less, the above-mentioned effects (anti-glare properties, suppression of reflected and scattered light, and deep blackness) can be more easily achieved. If Ssk becomes too small, the reflected and scattered light tends to increase due to the effect of (x5) described above. Also, if Ssk becomes too small, the lower parts of adjacent mountains overlap, large-angle slopes disappear, and the effect of (x2) described above may decrease. For this reason, Ssk is preferably -1.00 or higher, more preferably -0.80 or higher, and even more preferably -0.70 or higher.

[0059] Ssk is an index that indicates the degree of bias in the positive and negative directions of the elevation distribution, relative to the average elevation of the entire measurement surface. If the elevation distribution follows a normal distribution, Ssk will be 0. If the elevation distribution is biased in the negative direction, Ssk will be a positive value, and the greater the degree of bias in the negative direction, the larger the Ssk value will be in the positive direction. Conversely, if the elevation distribution is biased in the positive direction, Ssk will be a negative value, and the greater the degree of bias in the positive direction, the larger the Ssk value will be in the negative direction.

[0060] 《Tilt angle》 The uneven surface of the anti-glare film preferably has a predetermined inclination angle distribution. Specifically, regarding the inclination angle of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film, an inclination angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 1 degree is defined as θ1, an inclination angle of 1 degree or more and less than 3 degrees is defined as θ2, an inclination angle of 3 degrees or more and less than 10 degrees is defined as θ3, and an inclination angle of 10 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees is defined as θ4. When the sum of θ1, θ2, θ3, and θ4 is set to 100%, it is preferable that the ratios of θ1, θ2, θ3, and θ4 are within the following ranges. By having θ1, θ2, θ3, and θ4 within the following ranges, it becomes easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the above ranges. θ1 ≤ 3.0% 0.5% ≤ θ² ≤ 15.0% 7.0% ≤ θ3 ≤ 40.0% 50.0% ≤ θ4 ≤ 90.0%

[0061] The proportion of θ1 is more preferably 2.0% or less, even more preferably 1.5% or less, and even more preferably 1.2% or less. The lower limit of the proportion of θ1 is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1% or more. The proportion of θ2 is more preferably 12.0% or less, even more preferably 10.0% or less, and even more preferably 8.0% or less. The lower limit of the proportion of θ2 is more preferably 1.0% or more, even more preferably 1.5% or more, and even more preferably 2.0% or more. The proportion of θ3 is more preferably 8.5% or more, even more preferably 10.0% or more, and even more preferably 12.0% or more. Furthermore, the proportion of θ3 is more preferably 35.0% or less, even more preferably 32.0% or less, and even more preferably 30.0% or less. The proportion of θ4 is more preferably 55.0% or more, even more preferably 57.5% or more, and even more preferably 60.0% or more. Furthermore, the proportion of θ4 is more preferably 88.0% or less, even more preferably 86.5% or less, and even more preferably 85.0% or less.

[0062] In this specification, the three-dimensional arithmetic mean roughness Sa is an extension of the two-dimensional roughness parameter Ra described in JIS B0601:1994 to three dimensions. If the X and Y axes are orthogonal coordinates placed on the reference plane, the roughness surface is Z(x,y), and the dimensions of the reference plane are Lx and Ly, then it is calculated by the following equation (i). In equation (i), A = Lx × Ly.

[0063]

number

[0064] In this specification, the three-dimensional mean peak spacing Smp is determined as follows: If Ps is the number of peaks on the three-dimensional roughness surface, where each peak is defined as a peak in a region that is higher than the reference surface, and A is the area of ​​the entire measurement region (reference surface), then Smp is calculated using the following formula (ii).

[0065]

number

[0066] In this specification, the three-dimensional ten-point mean roughness Sz is a three-dimensional extension of the two-dimensional roughness parameter Rz, which is described in JIS B0601:1994. Numerous straight lines passing through the center of the reference surface are placed radially in a 360-degree pattern on the reference surface to cover the entire area. Cross-sectional curves are obtained by cutting the 3D roughness surface based on each straight line, and the ten-point average roughness (the sum of the average of the five highest mountain heights from the highest peak and the average of the five deepest valley depths from the deepest valley floor) is calculated for these cross-sectional curves. Sz is calculated by averaging the top 50% of the numerous ten-point average roughness values ​​obtained in this way.

[0067] In this specification, the three-dimensional skewness Ssk is a three-dimensional extension of the skewness Rsk of the roughness curve of the two-dimensional roughness parameter described in JIS B0601:1994. When the orthogonal coordinate axes X and Y are placed on the reference plane, the measured surface shape curve is z=f(x,y), and the size of the reference plane is Lx and Ly, it is calculated by the following equation (iii). In equation (iii), "Sq" is the root mean square deviation of the surface height distribution defined by the following equation (iv).

[0068]

number

[0069]

number

[0070] In this specification, the slope angle distribution of an uneven surface can be calculated from a three-dimensional roughness surface. The data of the three-dimensional roughness surface is represented by points arranged in a grid at intervals d on a reference plane (with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis), and the height at the position of each point. The height at the position of the i-th point in the x-axis direction and the j-th point in the y-axis direction (hereinafter referred to as (i,j)) is Z i,j Therefore, at any position (i,j), the inclination Sx in the x-axis direction relative to the x-axis and the inclination Sy in the y-axis direction relative to the y-axis can be calculated as follows. Sx=(Z i+1,j -Z i-1,j ) / 2d Sy=(Z i,j+1 -Z i,j-1 ) / 2d Furthermore, the inclination St with respect to the reference plane at (i,j) is calculated using the following equation (v).

[0071]

number

[0072] And the angle of inclination at (i,j) is tan -1 (St) is calculated. By performing the above calculation for each point, the slope angle distribution of the three-dimensional roughness surface can be calculated.

[0073] The above-mentioned Sa, Smp, and tilt angle distribution are preferably measured using an interference microscope. Examples of such interference microscopes include Zygo's "New View" series. Furthermore, Sa, Smp, and tilt angle distribution can be easily calculated by using the measurement and analysis application software "MetroPro" included with the aforementioned "New View" series interference microscope.

[0074] <Anti-glare layer> The anti-glare layer is the layer that plays a central role in suppressing reflected and scattered light and providing anti-glare properties.

[0075] 《Method for forming an anti-glare layer》 The anti-glare layer can be formed by, for example, (A) a method using an embossing roll, (B) etching, (C) molding with a mold, or (D) forming a coating film by coating. Among these methods, (C) molding with a mold is preferable from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a stable surface shape, while (D) forming a coating film by coating is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity and compatibility with a wide variety of products. When forming a coating film (anti-glare layer) by coating, for example, there are means (d1) of applying a coating liquid containing a binder resin and particles to form irregularities with the particles, and means (d2) of applying a coating liquid containing an arbitrary resin and a resin poorly compatible with the aforementioned resin to form irregularities by phase separation of the resins. (d1) is preferred over (d2) in that it is easier to achieve a good balance between AM1 and AM2. Furthermore, (d1) is preferred over (d2) in that it is easier to suppress variations in Sa and Smp.

[0076] Thickness The thickness T of the anti-glare layer is preferably 2 to 10 μm, and more preferably 4 to 8 μm, from the viewpoint of balancing curl suppression, mechanical strength, hardness, and toughness. The thickness of the anti-glare layer can be calculated, for example, by selecting 20 arbitrary points from cross-sectional images of the anti-glare film taken with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and taking the average value. It is preferable that the STEM acceleration voltage be 10kV to 30kV and the STEM magnification be 1000 to 7000x.

[0077] "component" The anti-glare layer mainly contains resin components and, as needed, additives such as organic and inorganic fine particles, refractive index adjusters, antistatic agents, antifouling agents, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, viscosity modifiers, and thermal polymerization initiators. The anti-glare layer preferably contains a binder resin and particles. The particles include organic particles and inorganic particles, with organic particles being preferred. In other words, it is more preferable for the anti-glare layer to contain a binder resin and organic particles.

[0078] -particle- Examples of organic particles include those made of polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic-styrene copolymer, melamine resin, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, benzoguanamine-melamine-formaldehyde condensate, silicone, fluororesin, and polyester resin. Examples of inorganic particles include silica, alumina, zirconia, and titania, with silica being preferred. Because organic particles have a low specific gravity, when used in combination with inorganic fine particles (described later), the organic particles tend to float to the surface of the anti-glare layer. Therefore, by using organic particles and inorganic fine particles together, the organic particles tend to form irregularities with long periods, and the inorganic fine particles tend to form irregularities with short periods, making it easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the aforementioned ranges. In addition, because the organic particles tend to float to the surface of the anti-glare layer, it becomes easier to set the surface shapes of Sa and Smp, etc., within the aforementioned ranges. When using only organic particles, it is preferable to increase the proportion of organic particles in the anti-glare layer in order to easily set AM1 and AM2 within the above-mentioned ranges. By increasing the proportion of organic particles in the anti-glare layer, the organic particles form a shape as if they were spread across the entire surface, forming short-period irregularities (AM2) caused by the organic particles. Furthermore, a shape in which organic particles are stacked in layers is partially formed within the shape as if they were spread across the entire surface, thereby forming long-period irregularities (AM1). In addition, the shape as if the organic particles were spread across the entire surface makes it easier to reduce Smp. Furthermore, the partial formation of a shape in which organic particles are stacked in layers within the shape as if they were spread across the entire surface makes it easier to increase Sa.

[0079] The average particle size D of organic and inorganic particles is preferably 1.0 to 5.0 μm, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 μm, and even more preferably 1.7 to 2.5 μm. By setting the average particle size D to 1.0 μm or greater, it becomes easier to prevent AM1 from becoming too small and to make Sa 0.30 μm or greater. Conversely, by setting the average particle size D to 5.0 μm or less, it becomes easier to prevent AM1 from becoming too large and to make Smp 10.00 μm or less.

[0080] The average particle size of organic and inorganic particles can be calculated by the following steps (A1) to (A3). (A1) Observe a transmitted image of the anti-glare film using an optical microscope. A magnification of 500 to 2000 times is preferred. (A2) Extract any 10 particles from the observation image and calculate the particle diameter of each particle. The particle diameter is measured as the distance between two parallel lines that maximizes the distance between the two lines when the cross-section of the particle is enclosed by those two lines. (A3) Perform the same procedure five times on observation images of the same sample on different screens, and the average particle diameter obtained from the number average of the particle diameters of a total of 50 particles is taken as the average particle diameter.

[0081] The ratio (D / T) of the thickness T of the anti-glare layer to the average particle diameter D of the particles is preferably 0.20 to 0.96, more preferably 0.25 to 0.90, even more preferably 0.30 to 0.80, and even more preferably 0.35 to 0.70. Setting D / T within the above range makes it easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the above range. Furthermore, setting D / T within the above range makes it easier to set the height and spacing of the peaks on the uneven surface within an appropriate range, and makes it easier to set the surface shapes such as Sa and Smp within the above range.

[0082] The content of organic particles and inorganic particles is preferably 40 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 55 to 170 parts by mass, and even more preferably 60 to 150 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of binder resin. By setting the particle content to 40 parts by mass or more, it is easier to suppress AM1 from becoming too small. Also, by setting the particle content to 40 parts by mass or more, it is easier to set Sa to 0.30 μm or more and Smp to 10.00 μm or less. Furthermore, by setting the particle content to 200 parts by mass or less, it is easier to suppress AM1 from becoming too large, and it is easier to suppress particle shedding from the anti-glare layer. Note that if inorganic fine particles described later are not used, the above-mentioned "stacking" will occur, so it is preferable to set the particle content to a relatively large amount within the above range.

[0083] -Inorganic fine particles- The anti-glare layer preferably contains inorganic fine particles in addition to the binder resin and organic particles. In particular, the anti-glare layer preferably contains inorganic fine particles in addition to the binder resin and organic particles. The inclusion of inorganic microparticles in the anti-glare layer makes it easier for relatively lighter organic particles to float near the surface of the anti-glare layer. Furthermore, the inclusion of inorganic microparticles in the anti-glare layer makes it easier for fine irregularities to form between the protrusions formed by the organic particles. For these reasons, it becomes easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the aforementioned ranges. In addition, because organic particles float more easily near the surface of the anti-glare layer, it becomes easier to set the surface shapes of Sa and Smp, etc., within the aforementioned ranges. Furthermore, by including inorganic fine particles in the anti-glare layer, the difference between the refractive index of the organic particles and the refractive index of the non-organic components of the anti-glare layer becomes smaller, making it easier to reduce internal haze.

[0084] Examples of inorganic fine particles include those made of silica, alumina, zirconia, and titania. Among these, silica is preferred because it is easier to suppress the generation of internal haze.

[0085] The average particle size of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 1 to 200 nm, more preferably 2 to 100 nm, and even more preferably 5 to 50 nm.

[0086] The average particle size of inorganic microparticles can be calculated by the following steps (B1) to (B3). (B1) The cross-section of the anti-glare film is imaged using TEM or STEM. The acceleration voltage of the TEM or STEM is preferably 10kV to 30kV, and the magnification is preferably 50,000 to 300,000 times. (B2) Ten arbitrary inorganic microparticles are extracted from the observation image, and the particle diameter of each inorganic microparticle is calculated. The particle diameter is measured as the distance between two arbitrary parallel lines that enclose the cross section of the inorganic microparticle, and the distance between the two lines is maximized when these two lines are placed together. (B3) Perform the same procedure five times on observation images of the same sample on different screens, and the average particle size of the inorganic microparticles is taken from the number average of the particle sizes of a total of 50 particles.

[0087] The inorganic fine particles are preferably contained in an amount of 40 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 150 parts by mass, and even more preferably 60 to 100 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of binder resin. By setting the inorganic fine particle content to 40 parts by mass or more, the effects based on the inorganic fine particles described above can be more easily obtained. Furthermore, by setting the inorganic fine particle content to 200 parts by mass or less, the decrease in the coating strength of the anti-glare layer can be more easily suppressed.

[0088] —Binder resin— From the viewpoint of improving mechanical strength, the binder resin preferably contains a cured product of a curable resin, such as a cured product of a thermosetting resin composition or a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, and more preferably contains a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition.

[0089] A thermosetting resin composition is a composition containing at least a thermosetting resin, and is a resin composition that hardens upon heating. Examples of thermosetting resins include acrylic resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, urea-melamine resins, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and silicone resins. A curing agent is added to these thermosetting resin compositions as needed.

[0090] An ionizing radiation-curable resin composition is a composition containing a compound having an ionizing radiation-curable functional group (hereinafter also referred to as "ionizing radiation-curable compound"). Examples of ionizing radiation-curable functional groups include ethylenically unsaturated bonding groups such as (meth)acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, and allyl groups, as well as epoxy groups and oxetanyl groups. As the ionizing radiation-curable compound, a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bonding group is preferred, a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonding groups is more preferred, and among these, a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonding groups is even more preferred. Both monomers and oligomers can be used as the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound. Ionizing radiation refers to electromagnetic waves or charged particle beams that possess energy quanta capable of polymerizing or bridging molecules. Typically, ultraviolet (UV) or electron beams (EB) are used, but other electromagnetic waves such as X-rays and gamma rays, as well as charged particle beams such as alpha rays and ion beams, can also be used.

[0091] Among polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds, examples of difunctional (meth)acrylate monomers include ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A tetraethoxydiaacrylate, bisphenol A tetrapropoxydiaacrylate, and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. Examples of (meth)acrylate monomers with three or more functionalities include trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, and isocyanuric acid-modified tri(meth)acrylate. Furthermore, the above-mentioned (meth)acrylate monomers may also be those in which part of the molecular skeleton has been modified, and those modified with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, caprolactone, isocyanuric acid, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aromatic, bisphenol, etc., can also be used.

[0092] Furthermore, examples of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate oligomers include acrylate polymers such as urethane (meth)acrylate, epoxy (meth)acrylate, polyester (meth)acrylate, and polyether (meth)acrylate. Urethane (meth)acrylates can be obtained, for example, by the reaction of polyhydric alcohols and organic diisocyanates with hydroxy(meth)acrylates. Furthermore, preferred epoxy (meth)acrylates are (meth)acrylates obtained by reacting trifunctional or higher aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, etc. with (meth)acrylic acid; (meth)acrylates obtained by reacting bifunctional or higher aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, etc. with polybasic acids and (meth)acrylic acid; and (meth)acrylates obtained by reacting bifunctional or higher aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, etc. with phenols and (meth)acrylic acid.

[0093] Furthermore, monofunctional (meth)acrylates may be used in combination as ionizing radiation-curable compounds for purposes such as adjusting the viscosity of the anti-glare coating solution. Examples of monofunctional (meth)acrylates include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and isobornyl (meth)acrylate. The above-mentioned ionizing radiation-curable compounds can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0094] When the ionizing radiation-curable compound is an ultraviolet-curable compound, the ionizing radiation-curable composition preferably contains additives such as photopolymerization initiators and photopolymerization accelerators. Examples of photopolymerization initiators include one or more selected from acetophenone, benzophenone, α-hydroxyalkylphenone, Michler ketone, benzoin, benzyldimethyl ketal, benzoylbenzoate, α-acyloxime ester, thioxanthones, etc. Photopolymerization accelerators are those that can reduce polymerization inhibition by air during curing and accelerate the curing speed, and examples include one or more selected from p-dimethylaminobenzoate isoamyl ester, p-dimethylaminobenzoate ethyl ester, etc.

[0095] When the binder resin contains a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, it is preferable that it has the following configuration (C1) or (C2).

[0096] (C1) The binder resin includes a thermoplastic resin in addition to the cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition. (C2) The binder resin comprises substantially only the cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, and the ionizing radiation-curable compound contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition comprises substantially only monomer components.

[0097] In the embodiment of C1 described above, the viscosity of the anti-glare coating liquid increases due to the thermoplastic resin, making it difficult for organic particles to settle, and furthermore, making it difficult for the binder resin to flow down between the protrusions based on the organic particles. For this reason, in the embodiment of C1 described above, it is easier to prevent AM1 and AM2 from becoming too small, and it is easier to make the surface shapes of Sa and Smp etc. within the above range.

[0098] Examples of thermoplastic resins include polystyrene resins, polyolefin resins, ABS resins (including heat-resistant ABS resins), AS resins, AN resins, polyphenylene oxide resins, polycarbonate resins, polyacetal resins, acrylic resins, polyethylene terephthalate resins, polybutylene terephthalate resins, polysulfone resins, and polyphenylene sulfide resins, with acrylic resins being preferred from the viewpoint of transparency.

[0099] The weight-average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 20,000 to 200,000, more preferably 30,000 to 150,000, and even more preferably 50,000 to 100,000. In this specification, weight-average molecular weight is the average molecular weight measured by GPC analysis and converted to standard polystyrene.

[0100] In the embodiment of C1 described above, the mass ratio of the cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition to the thermoplastic resin is preferably 60:40 to 90:10, and more preferably 70:30 to 80:20. By setting the thermoplastic resin ratio to 10 or more parts per 90 parts cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, the effect of increasing the viscosity of the anti-glare coating liquid described above can be more easily achieved. Furthermore, by setting the thermoplastic resin ratio to 40 or less parts per 60 parts cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, the decrease in the mechanical strength of the anti-glare layer can be more easily suppressed.

[0101] In the embodiment of C2 described above, organic particles are laid out at the bottom of the anti-glare layer, and in some areas the organic particles are stacked, and these organic particles tend to be covered by a thin layer of binder resin. In the embodiment of C2, the stacked organic particles form long-period irregularities (AM1), and the non-stacked organic particles form short-period irregularities (AM2) between the long-period irregularities. For this reason, in the embodiment of C2 described above, it is easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the above range. In addition, in the embodiment of C2 described above, it is easier to set Sa within the above range by stacked organic particles, and it is easier to set Smp within the above range by laid out organic particles. In the embodiment of C2 described above, it is preferable to have a higher content of organic particles in the binder resin compared to the embodiment of C1 described above in order to make it easier to achieve the above shape.

[0102] In C2 above, the ratio of the cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition to the total amount of binder resin is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and even more preferably 100% by mass. Furthermore, in C2 above, the proportion of the monomer component to the total amount of the ionizing radiation-curable compound is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and even more preferably 100% by mass. The monomer component is preferably a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound.

[0103] The anti-glare coating solution typically uses a solvent to adjust viscosity or to dissolve or disperse each component. Since the surface shape of the anti-glare layer after coating and drying differs depending on the type of solvent, it is preferable to select a solvent considering factors such as the saturated vapor pressure of the solvent and the solvent's penetration into the transparent substrate. Specifically, examples of solvents include ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), cyclohexanone, etc.), ethers (dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, etc.), alicyclic hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, etc.), halogenated carbons (dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.), esters (methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.), alcohols (isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, etc.), cellosolves (methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, etc.), glycol ethers (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, etc.), cellosolve acetates, sulfoxides (dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), amides (dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.), and mixtures thereof.

[0104] The solvent in the anti-glare coating solution preferably has a fast evaporation rate as its main component. By increasing the evaporation rate of the solvent, the settling of organic particles to the bottom of the anti-glare layer is suppressed, and furthermore, the binder resin is less likely to flow down between the protrusions formed by the organic particles. Therefore, by increasing the evaporation rate of the solvent, it is possible to make AM1 and AM2 within the above range, and also to make it possible to make the surface shapes of Sa and Smp within the above range. The main component means that it makes up 50% by mass or more of the total amount of the solvent, preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more.

[0105] In this specification, a solvent with a fast evaporation rate means a solvent whose evaporation rate is 100 or higher, with the evaporation rate of butyl acetate set to 100. The evaporation rate of a solvent with a fast evaporation rate is more preferably 120 to 300, and even more preferably 150 to 220. Examples of solvents with a fast evaporation rate include methyl isobutyl ketone (evaporation rate 160), toluene (evaporation rate 200), and methyl ethyl ketone (evaporation rate 370).

[0106] The solvent in the anti-glare coating solution preferably contains a small amount of a slow-evaporating solvent in addition to a fast-evaporating solvent. By including a slow-evaporating solvent, the organic particles are appropriately aggregated, and the area ratio of the protrusions based on the organic particles within the uneven surface is set to an appropriate range, making it easier to set AM1 and AM2 within the above range, as well as making it easier to set the surface shapes of Sa and Smp within the above range. The mass ratio of the fast-evaporating solvent to the slow-evaporating solvent is preferably 99:1 to 80:20, and more preferably 98:2 to 85:15.

[0107] In this specification, a solvent with a slow evaporation rate means a solvent whose evaporation rate is less than 100, with the evaporation rate of butyl acetate being set to 100. The evaporation rate of a solvent with a fast evaporation rate is more preferably 20 to 60, and even more preferably 25 to 40. Examples of solvents with slow evaporation rates include cyclohexanone (evaporation rate 32) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (evaporation rate 44).

[0108] Furthermore, when forming the anti-glare layer from the anti-glare coating solution, it is preferable to control the drying conditions. Drying conditions can be controlled by the drying temperature and the airflow velocity inside the dryer. Preferably, the drying temperature is 30-120°C and the drying airflow velocity is 0.2-50 m / s. Furthermore, in order to control the surface shape of the anti-glare layer through drying, it is preferable to irradiate with ionizing radiation after the coating solution has dried.

[0109] <Optical properties> The anti-glare film preferably has a total light transmittance of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 85% or more, according to JIS K7361-1:1997. Furthermore, when measuring total light transmittance and the haze described later, the light incident surface should be the opposite side from the uneven surface.

[0110] The anti-glare film preferably has a haze of 60-98% according to JIS K7136:2000, more preferably 66-86%, and even more preferably 70-80%. By setting the haze level to 60% or higher, it becomes easier to improve anti-glare properties. Furthermore, by setting the haze level to 98% or lower, it becomes easier to suppress the decrease in image resolution.

[0111] The anti-glare film preferably has an internal haze of 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less, in order to facilitate good image resolution and contrast. Internal haze can be measured using general methods, for example, by flattening the unevenness of the surface, such as by bonding a transparent sheet to the uneven surface via a transparent adhesive layer.

[0112] <Other layers> The anti-glare film may have layers other than the anti-glare layer and transparent substrate described above. Examples of other layers include an anti-reflective layer, an anti-fouling layer, and an anti-static layer. A preferred embodiment having other layers is one in which an anti-reflective layer is provided on the uneven surface of the anti-glare layer, and the surface of the anti-reflective layer is the uneven surface. It is more preferable that the anti-reflective layer has anti-fouling properties. That is, an embodiment in which an anti-fouling anti-reflective layer is provided on the anti-glare layer, and the surface of the anti-fouling anti-reflective layer is the uneven surface is more preferable.

[0113] 《Anti-reflection layer》 Examples of anti-reflective layers include a single-layer structure of a low refractive index layer; a two-layer structure of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer; and a multilayer structure of three or more layers. The low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer can be formed by a general-purpose wet method or dry method. In the case of the wet method, the single-layer or two-layer structure is preferred, and in the case of the dry method, the multilayer structure is preferred.

[0114] —In the case of a single-layer or double-layer structure— The single-layer or two-layer structure is preferably formed by a wet method. It is preferable to place the low refractive index layer on the outermost surface of the anti-glare film. When imparting antifouling properties to the anti-reflective layer, it is preferable to include antifouling agents such as silicone compounds and fluorine compounds in the low refractive index layer.

[0115] The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably 1.10 or higher at the lower limit, more preferably 1.20 or higher, more preferably 1.26 or higher, more preferably 1.28 or higher, and more preferably 1.30 or higher. The refractive index is preferably 1.48 or lower, more preferably 1.45 or lower, more preferably 1.40 or lower, more preferably 1.38 or lower, and more preferably 1.32 or lower at the upper limit.

[0116] The thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 80 nm or more at the lower limit, more preferably 85 nm or more, and more preferably 90 nm or more. The upper limit is preferably 150 nm or less, more preferably 110 nm or less, and more preferably 105 nm or less.

[0117] It is preferable to place the high refractive index layer closer to the anti-glare layer than the low refractive index layer. The refractive index of the high refractive index layer is preferably 1.53 or higher at the lower limit, more preferably 1.54 or higher, more preferably 1.55 or higher, and more preferably 1.56 or higher. The upper limit is preferably 1.85 or lower, more preferably 1.80 or lower, more preferably 1.75 or lower, and more preferably 1.70 or lower.

[0118] The upper limit of the high refractive index layer is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 180 nm or less, and even more preferably 150 nm or less. The lower limit is preferably 50 nm or more, and more preferably 70 nm or more.

[0119] —In the case of a multilayer structure with three or more layers— The multilayer structure preferably formed by the dry method is one in which high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers are alternately laminated in a total of three or more layers. In the multilayer structure as well, it is preferable that the low refractive index layer be placed on the outermost surface of the anti-glare film.

[0120] The high refractive index layer preferably has a thickness of 10 to 200 nm and a refractive index of 2.1 to 2.4. More preferably, the thickness of the high refractive index layer is 20 to 70 nm. The low refractive index layer is preferably 5 to 200 nm thick and has a refractive index of 1.33 to 1.53. More preferably, the low refractive index layer is 20 to 120 nm thick.

[0121] <Size, shape, etc.> The anti-glare film may be in the form of a single sheet cut to a predetermined size, or in the form of a roll formed by winding a long sheet into a roll. The size of the sheet is not particularly limited, but the maximum diameter is approximately 2 to 500 inches. "Maximum diameter" refers to the maximum length when connecting any two points on the anti-glare film. For example, if the anti-glare film is rectangular, the diagonal of that area is the maximum diameter. If the anti-glare film is circular, the diameter is the maximum diameter. The width and length of the roll are not particularly limited, but generally, the width is 500 to 3000 mm and the length is 500 to 5000 m. The anti-glare film in roll form can be cut into sheets to match the size of the image display device, etc. When cutting, it is preferable to remove the roll ends, which have unstable physical properties. Furthermore, the shape of the film sheets is not particularly limited; for example, they may be polygonal (triangle, square, pentagon, etc.), circular, or randomly irregular in shape. More specifically, if the anti-glare film is rectangular, the aspect ratio is not particularly limited as long as it does not pose a problem as a display screen. For example, aspect ratios such as width:height = 1:1, 4:3, 16:10, 16:9, 2:1 are possible, but in automotive applications and digital signage where design is important, the aspect ratio is not limited to these.

[0122] The surface shape on the side of the anti-glare film opposite to the uneven surface is not particularly limited, but it is preferably approximately smooth. Approximately smooth means that the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of JIS B0601:1994 at a cutoff value of 0.8 mm is less than 0.03 μm, and preferably 0.02 μm or less.

[0123] [Image display device] The image display device of the present invention is configured such that the surface of the anti-glare film of the present invention described above faces away from the display element, and the anti-glare film is placed on the outermost surface (see Figure 3).

[0124] Examples of display elements include liquid crystal display elements, EL display elements (organic EL display elements, inorganic EL display elements), plasma display elements, and LED display elements such as microLED display elements. These display elements may also have a touch panel function inside. Examples of liquid crystal display methods for liquid crystal display elements include IPS, VA, multi-domain, OCB, STN, and TSTN methods. When the display element is a liquid crystal display element, a backlight is required. The backlight is positioned on the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element from the side where the anti-glare film is located.

[0125] Furthermore, the image display device of this embodiment may also be an image display device with a touch panel, having a touch panel between the display element and the anti-glare film. In this case, the anti-glare film should be placed on the outermost surface of the image display device with the touch panel, and the surface of the anti-glare film with its uneven surface should face away from the display element.

[0126] The size of the image display device is not particularly limited, but the maximum diameter of the effective display area is approximately 2 to 500 inches. The effective display area of ​​an image display device is the area in which an image can be displayed. For example, if an image display device has a housing that surrounds the display element, the area inside the housing becomes the effective image area. The maximum diameter of the effective image area refers to the maximum length when connecting any two points within the effective image area. For example, if the effective image area is rectangular, the diagonal of that area is the maximum diameter. If the effective image area is circular, the diameter of that area is the maximum diameter. [Examples]

[0127] Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited in any way by these examples. Unless otherwise specified, "parts" and "%" refer to mass.

[0128] 1. Measurement and Evaluation The anti-glare films of the examples and comparative examples were measured and evaluated as follows. The ambient conditions during each measurement and evaluation were a temperature of 23±5°C and a humidity of 40-65%. In addition, before starting each measurement and evaluation, the target sample was exposed to the above atmosphere for at least 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1 or Table 2.

[0129] 1-1. Measurement of AM1 and AM2 The anti-glare films of the examples and comparative examples were cut into 10cm x 10cm pieces. The cutting locations were selected randomly after visually confirming that there were no abnormalities such as dust or scratches. Sample 1 was prepared by laminating the transparent substrate side of the cut anti-glare film to a glass plate (thickness 2.0mm) measuring 10cm x 10cm via a Panac optical transparent adhesive sheet (product name: Panaclean PD-S1, thickness 25μm). Using a white-light interference microscope (New View7300, Zygo), sample 1 was set up so that it was fixed and in close contact with the measurement stage. Then, the elevation of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film was measured and analyzed under the following measurement condition 1 and analysis condition 1, and AM1 and AM2 were calculated. The measurement and analysis software used was the Microscope Application of MetroPro ver9.0.10.

[0130] (Measurement condition 1) Objective lens: 50x ImageZoom: 1x Measurement area: 218μm x 218μm Resolution (spacing per point): 0.22 μm ·Instrument:NewView7000 Id 0 SN 073395 • Acquisition Mode: Scan • Scan Type: Bipolar Camera Mode: 992x992 48 Hz Subtract Sys Err:Off • Sys Err File:SysErr.dat AGC: Off Phase Res: High Connection Order: Location • Discon Action:Filter Min Mod(%): 0.01 • Min Area Size: 7 Remove Fringes: Off Number of Averages: 0 • FDA Noise Threshold: 10 ·Scan Length:15um bipolar (6 sec) ·Extended Scan Length: 1000 μm FDA Res: High 2G

[0131] (Analysis condition 1) Removed: None • Data Fill: On Data Fill Max: 10000 • Filter: HighPass • FilterType:GaussSpline Filter Window Size: 3 • Filter Trim: Off ·Filter Low wavelength:800μm • Min Area Size: 0 Remove spikes: On • Spike Height (xRMS): 2.5 Note that the low wavelength corresponds to the cutoff value λc in the roughness parameter.

[0132] (Calculation procedure for AM1 and AM2) The "Save Data" button was displayed on the Surface Map screen, and the analyzed 3D surface roughness data was saved in "XYZ File (*.xyz)" format. Next, the data was exported to Microsoft Excel (registered trademark) to obtain the two-dimensional elevation function h(x,y). The resulting raw data consisted of 992 rows x 992 columns = 984,064 points with a side length (MΔx or NΔy) of 218 μm. However, by repeatedly deleting the outer perimeter data 41 times, data consisting of 910 rows x 910 columns = 828,100 points with a side length of 200 μm was obtained. Next, using the statistical analysis software R (ver3.6.3), the one-dimensional amplitude spectra Hx'(fx) and Hy'(fy) of the elevation for each row and column in a two-dimensional function of elevation (910 rows x 910 columns) were calculated, and the one-dimensional amplitude spectrum H''(f) of the elevation was obtained by averaging the amplitude values ​​corresponding to each spatial frequency. For each sample, the one-dimensional function of elevation H''(f) was measured for 16 surface locations, and the result of averaging the amplitude values ​​corresponding to each spatial frequency was defined as the one-dimensional amplitude spectrum H(f) of the elevation. Next, from the obtained data, AM2 (spatial frequency 0.300 μm) -1 The amplitude in the above is extracted, and AM1 (spatial frequencies of 0.005 μm each) is extracted. -1 , 0.010 μm -1 , 0.015μm -1 The sum of the amplitudes corresponding to was calculated. Also, for a spatial frequency of 0.005 μm -1 The corresponding amplitude is AM1-1, with a spatial frequency of 0.010 μm. -1 The corresponding amplitudes are AM1-2, with a spatial frequency of 0.015 μm. -1 Table 1 shows the values ​​of AM1-3, which are the corresponding amplitudes. Figures 6-18 show the discrete function H(f) of the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the uneven surface of the anti-glare films of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-6. In the figures, the horizontal axis represents spatial frequency (unit: μm). -1 The vertical axis shows the amplitude (in μm).

[0133] 1-2. Total light transmittance (Tt) and haze (Hz) The anti-glare films of the examples and comparative examples were cut into 10 cm squares. The cutting locations were selected randomly after visually confirming that there were no abnormalities such as dust or scratches. The total light transmittance according to JIS K7361-1:1997 and the haze according to JIS K7136:2000 were measured for each sample using a haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Technology Laboratory). To ensure the light source was stable, the device's power switch was turned ON and waited for at least 15 minutes. Calibration was performed with nothing in the inlet opening (where the measurement sample is placed), and then the measurement sample was placed in the inlet opening for measurement. The light incidence surface was the transparent substrate side.

[0134] 1-3. Anti-glare properties 1 (Anti-glare properties in the specular reflection direction) The anti-glare films of the examples and comparative examples were cut into 10cm x 10cm pieces. The cutting locations were selected randomly after visually confirming that there were no abnormalities such as dust or scratches. Sample 2 was prepared by laminating the transparent substrate side of the cut anti-glare film to a black board measuring 10cm x 10cm (Kuraray Co., Ltd., product name: Comoglass DFA2CG 502K (black) series, thickness 2mm) via a Panac Co., Ltd. optical transparent adhesive sheet (product name: Panaclean PD-S1, thickness 25μm). Sample 2 was placed on a horizontal platform 70 cm high with its uneven surface facing upwards. Under bright room conditions, the reflection of the illumination light onto the uneven surface was evaluated from the angle of specular reflection of the illumination light, according to the evaluation criteria described below. During the evaluation, the position of Sample 2 relative to the illumination was adjusted so that the angle of incidence of the light emitted from the center of the illumination was 10 degrees. The illumination was a straight tube three-wavelength daylight white fluorescent lamp of type Hf32, and the position of the illumination was 2 m vertically above the horizontal platform. The evaluation was conducted in the range where the illuminance on the uneven surface of the sample was 500 to 1000 lux. The observer's eye position was approximately 160 cm from the floor. The observer was a healthy person in their 30s with visual acuity of 0.7 or better. <Evaluation Criteria> ◎: The outline of the lighting is missing, and its position is also unclear. ○: The outline of the light source is not visible, but its position can be vaguely discerned. △: The outline and position of the lighting are vaguely discernible. ×: The blurring of the light's outline is weak, and its position is clearly discernible.

[0135] 1-4. Anti-glare properties 2 (Anti-glare properties at various angles) The only difference from the evaluation method was that Sample 2, prepared in 1-3, was held in both hands, and its height and angle were changed (however, the angle of incidence of the light emitted from the center of the light source onto Sample 2 was changed within the range of 10 to 70 degrees). Otherwise, the reflection of the illumination light onto the uneven surface was evaluated in the same manner as in 1-3.

[0136] 1-5. Reflected and scattered light (≒ deep blackness) Sample 2, prepared in steps 1-3, was placed on a horizontal platform 70 cm high with its uneven surface facing upwards. The position of Sample 2 relative to the light source was adjusted so that the light with the strongest emission angle from the light source did not directly enter Sample 2. As a result of this adjustment, the position of the sample relative to the observer was further away from the observer than the position of Sample 1-3. Sample 2 was placed at the position described above, and the degree of reflected and scattered light (≒ darkness) was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The observer's eye level was approximately 160 cm from the floor. The observer was a healthy person in their 30s with visual acuity of 0.7 or better. <Evaluation Criteria> ◎: No whiteness from scattered light is noticeable; it is sufficiently black. ○: A slight whiteness from scattered light is noticeable, but it's not bothersome. ×: The whiteness of the scattered light is noticeable to a level that is bothersome.

[0137] 1-6. Measurement of Surface Shape Using a white-light interference microscope (New View7300, Zygo), sample 1, prepared in 1-1, was set on the measurement stage so that it was fixed and in close contact with the surface. The surface shape of the anti-glare film was then measured and analyzed. The measurement and analysis conditions were the same as those used in measurement condition 1 and analysis condition 1 in 1-1. The measurement and analysis software used was the Microscope Application of MetroPro ver9.0.10 (64-bit). Examples 6 and 7, and comparative examples 3 and 6 were excluded from the surface shape measurement.

[0138] "Ra," "SRz," and "Rsk" were displayed on the Surface Map screen, and their respective values ​​were designated as Sa, Sz, and Ssk for each measurement area. Next, the "Save Data" button was displayed on the Surface Map screen, and the 3D surface roughness data after analysis was saved. Then, the saved data was loaded into the Advanced Texture Application, and the following analysis condition 2 was applied. (Analysis condition 2) • High FFT Filter: off Low FFT Filter: off • CalcHigh Frequency:On • Calc Low Frequency: On • Filter Trim: On Remove spikes: Off • Spike Height (xRMS): 5.00 • Noise Filter Size: 0 • Noise Filter Type: 2 Sigma • Fill Data: Off • Data Fill Max: 25 ·Trim:0 Trim Mode: All Remove:Plane • Reference Band: 0μm • Mim Peaks / Valleys Area: 0μm 2 • Max Peaks / Valleys Area: 0μm 2

[0139] Next, display the "Peaks / Valleys" screen and set "Reference Band: 0μm" and "Mim Peaks / Valleys Area: 0μm". 2 "Max Peaks / Valleys Area: 0μm 2The analysis was performed using the "Peak Spacing" function, and the values ​​displayed in "Peak Spacing" were defined as the Smp for each measurement area.

[0140] Next, the Slope Mag Map screen was displayed using the above analysis software (Microscope Application of MetroPro ver9.0.10 (64-bit)). A histogram was displayed on the screen with Value (μm / mm) on the horizontal axis and Counts on the vertical axis. The horizontal axis was converted to angle using the arctangent to obtain histogram data of the three-dimensional surface slope angle distribution. For each measurement sample, the nBins value was adjusted so that the angle distribution histogram obtained had a converted slope angle in increments of 1 degree or less. Based on the obtained histogram data, the slope angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 1 degree (θ1), the slope angle of 1 degree or more and less than 3 degrees (θ2), the slope angle of 3 degrees or more and less than 10 degrees (θ3), and the slope angle of 10 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees (θ4) were calculated.

[0141] 2. Production of anti-glare film [Example 1] A transparent substrate (80 μm thick triacetylcellulose resin film (TAC), Fujifilm Corporation, TD80UL) is coated with anti-glare coating solution 1 according to the following formulation. After drying at 70°C and a wind speed of 5 m / s for 30 seconds, ultraviolet light is applied under a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration of 200 ppm or less) until the cumulative light intensity reaches 100 mJ / cm². 2 The film was irradiated to form an anti-glare layer, and the anti-glare film of Example 1 was obtained. The thickness of the anti-glare layer was 5.0 μm. The Ra value on the side of the anti-glare film opposite the anti-glare layer was 0.012 μm.

[0142] <Anti-glare coating solution 1> Pentaerythritol triacrylate 58.2 parts (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) • Urethane acrylate oligomer 18.2 parts (DIC, product name: V-4000BA) ·Thermoplastic resin 23.6 parts (Acrylic polymer, Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., molecular weight 75,000) ·Organic particles 63.6 parts (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer) (Average particle size 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.515) (The proportion of particles with a diameter of 1.8 to 2.2 μm is 90% or more) ·230 parts of inorganic fine particle dispersion (Nissan Chemical Corporation, silica with reactive functional groups introduced to its surface, solvent: MIBK, solids content: 35.5%) (Average particle size 12nm) (Active ingredient in inorganic microparticles: 81.9 parts) • Photopolymerization initiator 5.5 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad184) • Photopolymerization initiator 1.8 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad907) • Silicone-based leveling agent 0.2 parts (Momentive Performance Materials, Inc., Product Name: TSF4460) • Solvent (toluene) 346.8 parts • Solvent (cyclohexanone) 17.9 parts

[0143] [Examples 2-7], [Comparative Examples 1-6] Examples 2-7 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that anti-glare coating solution 1 was changed to the anti-glare coating solution with the number listed in Table 1. The compositions of anti-glare coating solutions 2-13 are shown below.

[0144] <Anti-glare coating solution 2> A coating solution having the same composition as anti-glare coating solution 1, except that the organic particles in anti-glare coating solution 1 are changed to organic particles with an average particle diameter of 4.0 μm and a refractive index of 1.515 (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer, with a particle diameter of 3.8 to 4.2 μm accounting for 90% or more).

[0145] <Anti-glare coating liquid 3> Pentaerythritol triacrylate 100 units (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) ·Organic particles 129.8 parts (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer) (Average particle size 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.515) (The proportion of particles with a diameter of 1.8 to 2.2 μm is 90% or more) • Photopolymerization initiator 6.4 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad184) • Photopolymerization initiator 1.0 part (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad907) • Silicone-based leveling agent 0.1 part (Momentive Performance Materials, Inc., Product Name: TSF4460) • Solvent (toluene) 498.4 parts • Solvent (cyclohexanone) 55.4 parts

[0146] <Anti-glare coating solution 4> Pentaerythritol triacrylate 100 units (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) ·Organic particles 99.6 parts (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer) (Average particle size 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.515) (The proportion of particles with a diameter of 1.8 to 2.2 μm is 90% or more) • Silica particles 10 parts (Average particle size: 4.1μm) (Manufactured by Fuji Silicia Chemical Co., Ltd., amorphous silica produced by gel process) • Photopolymerization initiator 6.1 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad184) • Photopolymerization initiator 1.1 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad907) • Solvent (toluene) 452.9 parts • Solvent (cyclohexanone) 50.3 parts • Solvent (ethyl acetate) 2.6 parts

[0147] <Anti-glare coating liquid 5> A coating solution having the same composition as anti-glare coating solution 1, except that the amount of organic particles added is changed from 63.6 parts to 50.0 parts, and the amount of inorganic fine particle dispersion added is changed from 230 parts to 187 parts.

[0148] <Anti-glare coating solution 6> Pentaerythritol triacrylate 100 units (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) • Silica particles 14 parts (Average particle size: 4.1μm) (Manufactured by Fuji Silicia Chemical Co., Ltd., amorphous silica produced by gel process) • Photopolymerization initiator 5 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad184) • Silicone-based leveling agent 0.2 parts (Momentive Performance Materials, Inc., Product Name: TSF4460) • Solvent (toluene) 150 copies • Solvent (MIBK) 35 parts • Solvent (ethyl acetate) 5.2 parts

[0149] <Anti-glare coating liquid 7> Pentaerythritol triacrylate 65 parts (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) • Urethane acrylate oligomer 35 parts (DIC, product name: V-4000BA) ·Organic particles 14 parts (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer) (Average particle size 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.550) • Silica particles (6 parts) (Average particle size: 12nm) (Manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., Fumed Silica) · 5 parts of photoinitiator (IGM Resins B.V., product name: Omnirad184) · 0.025 parts of silicone leveling agent (Momentive Performance Materials, product name: TSF4460) · 100 parts of solvent (toluene) · 20 parts of solvent (cyclohexanone) · 55 parts of solvent (isopropyl alcohol)

[0150] <Anti-glare layer coating liquid 8> · 33 parts of pentaerythritol triacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) · 52 parts of EO-modified triacrylate isocyanurate (Toagosei Co., Ltd., product name: M-313) · 15 parts of thermoplastic resin (Acrylic polymer, Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., molecular weight 75,000) · 16 parts of organic particles (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer) (Average particle diameter 3.5μm, refractive index 1.555)<( (Ratio of particles with particle diameter 3.2 - 3.8μm is 90% or more) · 158 parts of inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid (Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., silica with reactive functional groups introduced on the surface, solvent: MIBK, solid content: 40%) (Average particle diameter: 12nm) · 5 parts of photoinitiator (IGM Resins B.V., product name: Omnirad184) · 0.20 parts of silicone leveling agent (Momentive Performance Materials, product name: TSF4460) · 211 parts of solvent (toluene) · 165 parts of solvent (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate)

[0151] <Anti-glare layer coating liquid 9> Pentaerythritol triacrylate 91.5 parts (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) • Urethane acrylate oligomer 8.5 parts (DIC, product name: V-4000BA) ·Organic particles 2 parts (Manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer) (Average particle size 5.0 μm, refractive index 1.550) • Silica particles 15 parts (Average particle size: 4.1μm) (Manufactured by Fuji Silicia Chemical Co., Ltd., amorphous silica produced by gel process) • Photopolymerization initiator 1.9 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad184) • Photopolymerization initiator 7 parts (IGM Resins BV, product name: Omnirad907) • Silicone-based leveling agent 0.1 part (Momentive Performance Materials, Inc., Product Name: TSF4460) • Solvent (toluene) 161.1 parts • Solvent (cyclohexanone) 69 parts • Solvent (ethyl acetate) 3.9 parts

[0152] <Anti-glare coating liquid 10> Pentaerythritol triacrylate 50.6 parts (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Product name: KAYARAD-PET-30) • Urethane acrylate oligomer 49.4 parts (DIC, product name: V-4000BA) ·Organic particles 3 parts (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., spherical polyacrylic-styrene copolymer) (Average particle size 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.545 μm) • Silica particles (1 part) (Average particle size: 12nm (Manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., Fumed Silica) · 1 part of photoinitiator (IGM Resins B.V., trade name: Omnirad184) · 0.2 part of photoinitiator (IGM Resins B.V., trade name: Omnirad907) · 1.5 parts of photoinitiator (Lamberti, ESACUREONE) · 0.1 part of silicone leveling agent (Momentive Performance Materials, trade name: TSF4460) · Solvent (toluene) 98.6 parts · Solvent (cyclohexanone) 38.7 parts · Solvent (isopropyl alcohol) 44.1 parts · Solvent (MIBK) 2.4 parts

[0153] <Anti-glare layer coating liquid 11> A coating liquid having the same composition as anti-glare layer coating liquid 1, except that the addition amount of organic particles in anti-glare layer coating liquid 3 is changed to 300 parts.

[0154] <Anti-glare layer coating liquid 12> A coating liquid having the same composition as anti-glare layer coating liquid 3, except that the average particle diameter of organic particles in anti-glare layer coating liquid 3 is changed to 3.5 μm.

[0155] <Anti-glare layer coating liquid 13> A coating liquid having the same composition as anti-glare layer coating liquid 3, except that in anti-glare layer coating liquid 3, the average particle diameter of organic particles is changed to 1.5 μm and further the addition amount of organic particles is changed to 160 parts.

[0156]

Table 1

[0157]

Table 2

[0158] The results in Table 1 confirm that the anti-glare film of the example exhibits excellent anti-glare properties, suppresses reflected and scattered light, and provides superior deep blackness. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0159] 10: Transparent base material 20: Anti-glare layer 21: Binder resin 22:Organic particles 100: Anti-glare film 110: Display elements 120: Image display device 200: Observer

Claims

[Claim 1] An anti-glare film having an anti-glare layer, wherein the anti-glare film has an uneven surface, Regarding the amplitude spectrum of the elevation of the aforementioned uneven surface, the spatial frequencies are 0.005 μm each. －１ , 0.010 μm －１ , 0.015 μm －１ The sum of the corresponding amplitudes is AM1, and the spatial frequency is 0.300 μm. －１ An anti-glare film in which, when the amplitude in a given area is defined as AM2, AM1 is between 0.070 and 0.400 μm, and AM2 < AM1.

Images