Repair method for rubble-stone structures and rubble-stone structures

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for repairing a rubble-type structure, and a rubble-type structure constructed using this repair method, which involves filling a hole formed by the detachment of a covering stone from the covering stone layer with a covering material of sufficient size, thereby firmly interlocking the covering material with the existing covering stones forming the inner surface of the hole. [Solution] A fabric formwork 6 that can expand into a three-dimensional shape is laid in a sheet-like state inside the hole 5 of the covering stone layer 3 that covers the base part 2. Next, fluid underwater concrete 7 is injected into the fabric formwork 6 to expand it, and the fabric formwork 6 expanded by the underwater concrete 7 is used as a covering material to fill the hole 5 and to enter between the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner surface of the hole 5.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for repairing a riprap structure and a riprap structure.

Background Art

[0002] As riprap structures, there are breakwaters, revetments, etc. A riprap structure is generally constructed by stacking riprap to form a base part and covering the slope surface of the base part with a covering stone layer, as shown in Patent Document 1. Thus, in a riprap structure, the covering stone layer prevents the sucking out of the riprap in the base part and, due to its stable structure, prevents waves hitting from the open sea.

[0003] By the way, in the covering stone layer of the above-mentioned riprap structure, the covering stones may scatter near the water surface. This is presumably because the intermediate stones installed between the covering stones are scattered by the waves and the stability of the covering stones cannot be ensured. If such scattering of the covering stones in the covering stone layer is left unattended, the riprap in the base part will be sucked out, affecting the structure of the riprap structure. Therefore, when there is scattering of the covering stones in the covering stone layer, repair is to be carried out. As a repair method, it is generally performed to fill the repair location (inside the hole where the covering stone has fallen out) with a covering material by a ship from the sea.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, if the repair method for holes in the covering stones involves filling the holes with covering material, it is not possible to insert covering material larger than the opening of the hole. Therefore, relatively small covering material that can fit inside the hole must be used. Consequently, covering material of this size cannot interlock with the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the hole. Furthermore, it is difficult to interlock the covering material with the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the hole after the covering stones have come loose, and it is practically impossible to interlock the covering material with the existing rubble stones when filling the gaps with covering material. Consequently, in rubble stone structures that have undergone such repairs, the covering stone layer cannot be firmly integrated, and when waves strike, the filled covering material will be sucked out and come loose, requiring further repairs.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its first objective is to provide a method for repairing rubble-type structures in which a covering material of sufficient size is filled into a hole formed when a covering stone comes loose from the covering stone layer, and the covering material is firmly interlocked with the existing covering stone forming the inner surface of the hole. The second objective is to provide a rubble-type structure constructed using the above repair method.

[0007] To achieve the first objective described above, the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (7).

[0008] (1) A method for repairing a rubble stone structure in which the covering stones have come loose from the covering stone layer that covers the foundation portion constructed with rubble stones, and holes have been formed in the covering stone layer, A flexible sheet formwork capable of expanding into a three-dimensional shape is laid in the aforementioned hole in a non-three-dimensional state. Next, a fluid hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, causing the flexible sheet formwork to expand with the hardening material. The flexible sheet formwork, expanded with the aforementioned hardening material, is used as a covering material to fill the hole and is also positioned to penetrate between the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the hole.

[0009] According to this configuration, a flexible sheet formwork is laid in the hole in a non-three-dimensional state, and a fluid hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork to expand it. This expands the flexible sheet formwork, making it large enough to exceed the opening of the hole, allowing it to be inserted into the hole. Furthermore, by utilizing the fluidity (deformability) of the hardening material within the flexible sheet formwork, the expandable flexible sheet formwork is made to conform to the existing covering stones forming the inner surface of the hole, and is inserted into the gaps between the existing covering stones. After the hardening material has hardened, the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardened material can be firmly interlocked with the existing covering stones as a covering material. Therefore, this method provides a repair method for rubble-type structures in which a covering material of sufficient size can be filled into the hole formed when the covering stones escape from the covering stone layer, and the covering material can be firmly interlocked with the existing covering stones. Of course, in this case, since the covering material, which is a flexible sheet formwork containing the hardening material, can be filled into the hole with sufficient size, stability can be ensured by the weight of the covering material.

[0010] (2) Under the configuration of (1) above, As the fluid hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, an external force is applied to the hardening material through the flexible sheet formwork, thereby pushing the flexible sheet formwork and the hardening material within the flexible sheet formwork into the gaps between the existing covering stones.

[0011] With this configuration, when the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the flexible sheet formwork expands, and by applying an external force to this expansion, the flexible sheet formwork and the hardening material within it can be actively and accurately guided between the existing covering stones. As a result, the covering material, which is a flexible sheet formwork containing the hardening material, can be interlocked even more firmly with the existing covering stones.

[0012] (3) Under the configuration of (1) above, As the aforementioned flexible sheet formwork, a formwork is prepared that has a lower portion for laying so as to cover the bottom surface inside the hole using a breathable material, an upper portion located above the lower portion, and a side portion that connects the peripheral edges of the upper portion and the lower portion to form an internal space, and when the hardening material has not yet been poured into the internal space, the upper portion shrinks so as to overlap the lower portion. When laying a flexible sheet formwork in the aforementioned hole, at least the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork is positioned to cover the entire bottom surface of the hole. Next, as the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork is separated from the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork, while the side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is expanded, and the expanded side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is used to conform to the inner surface of the hole.

[0013] According to this configuration, when laying a flexible sheet formwork in a hole, if the flexible sheet formwork is compressed so that its upper surface overlaps its lower surface (non-three-dimensional state), and its lower surface covers at least the entire bottom surface of the hole, and a fluid hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, as the material is injected, the lower surface will be pressed against the bottom surface of the hole and conform to it, while the upper surface will move away from the lower surface, and as it moves, the sides will rise. As the sides rise, they will bulge outwards, and these sides will be pressed against the inner circumferential surface of the hole and conform to it. Therefore, after the hardening material inside the flexible sheet formwork has hardened, the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardened material can easily and smoothly secure the required size and weight of the covering material to be contained in the opening, and the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardened material can be interlocked with the existing covering stones in the covering stone layer.

[0014] (4) Under the configuration of (1) above, Multiple flexible sheet formworks are prepared, and for each flexible sheet formwork, the process of laying the flexible sheet formwork in the hole and the process of injecting the fluid hardening material are carried out sequentially, thereby forming multiple flexible sheet formworks inflated by the hardening material in the hole. The structure is such that adjacent flexible sheet formwork molds, which have been inflated with the aforementioned hardening material, are connected by inserting connecting reinforcing bars into the hardened material within each flexible sheet formwork, taking advantage of the fact that the hardened material within each flexible sheet formwork mold is still unhardened.

[0015] This configuration allows multiple flexible sheet formwork molds, inflated with a hardening material, to be integrated and housed within the hole as a covering material, enabling accurate repair of holes of various sizes.

[0016] (5) Under the configuration of (1) above, The weight of the covering stone that escaped from the aforementioned hole was estimated, The weight of the cured material in the flexible sheet formwork within the escape hole is adjusted so that the weight is not less than the weight of the covering stone that has escaped from the escape hole.

[0017] According to this configuration, since the flexible sheet formwork for storing the cured material is used as the covering material, by adjusting the injection amount of the flowing cured material into the flexible sheet formwork, the specific gravity of the cured material, etc., the weight of the covering material can be easily made not less than the weight (required weight) of the covering stone that has escaped from the escape hole, and the stability of the covering stone layer can be improved.

[0018] (6) Under the configuration of (5) above, When determining the weight of the cured material in the flexible sheet formwork, the specific gravity of the cured material is adjusted under a certain required volume for the escape hole.

[0019] According to this configuration, even when the covering material (flexible sheet formwork for storing the cured material) filled in the escape hole is in a state of a certain required volume in the escape hole, the weight of the covering material can be increased, and the installation stability of the covering material can be easily enhanced.

[0020] (7) Under the configuration of any one of (1) to (6) above, When the cured material in the flexible sheet formwork exposed from the escape hole is uncured, a stone with an extended anchor is inserted into the cured material through the flexible sheet formwork so that the stone is fixed to cover the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork.

[0021] According to this configuration, when the cured material in the flexible sheet formwork exposed from the escape hole is cured, the stone will be fixed in a state of covering the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork, and the stone on the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork can be made to harmonize with the surrounding environment.

[0022] In order to achieve the second object, the present invention has the following configuration (8).

[0023] (8) In a rubble-stone structure in which a layer of covering stone is provided on a foundation made of rubble, A flexible sheet formwork, which expands by housing a hardening material, is provided in a part of the aforementioned covering stone layer. The flexible sheet formwork, which has expanded by housing the hardening material, enters between the existing covering stones surrounding the flexible sheet formwork, and the flexible sheet formwork, which has expanded by housing the hardening material, interlocks with the existing covering stones. The stone material, attached to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork with the anchor extended, is fixed in place by inserting the anchor into the hardened material inside the flexible sheet formwork via the formwork itself.

[0024] This configuration makes it possible to provide a rubble-type structure repaired by the method described in (1) or (7) above. Moreover, when constructing a rubble-type structure, if a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material in part of the covering stone layer is used from the outset, a rubble-type structure with increased strength of the covering stone layer can be constructed quickly. [Effects of the Invention]

[0025] According to the present invention, a method for repairing rubble-type structures can be provided in which a covering material is filled with sufficient size into a hole formed when a covering stone comes loose from the covering stone layer, and the covering material can be firmly interlocked with the existing covering stone forming the inner surface of the hole. Furthermore, a rubble-type structure constructed using the above repair method can be provided, and when constructing a rubble-type structure, if a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material in part of the covering stone layer is used from the beginning, a rubble-type structure with increased strength of the covering stone layer can be quickly constructed. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0026] [Figure 1] An explanatory diagram illustrating breakwaters as structures made of rubble. [Figure 2]Figure 1 is an enlarged explanatory diagram showing an example of a hole in the covering stone layer formed in the covering stone layer of the breakwater. [Figure 3] A process diagram showing the repair process for a breakwater according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] A perspective view showing the fabric formwork according to the first embodiment in a non-three-dimensional state (sheet-like state). [Figure 5] An explanatory diagram illustrating how the fabric formwork according to the first embodiment becomes a three-dimensional structure. [Figure 6] An explanatory diagram illustrating the process of laying the fabric formwork according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] An explanatory diagram illustrating the concrete injection process underwater according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] An explanatory diagram illustrating the installation process of an anchored stone according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9] An explanatory diagram illustrating the state after the construction according to the first embodiment has been completed. [Figure 10] An explanatory diagram illustrating the second embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, let's explain rubble structures. Rubble structures include breakwaters and seawalls, and as an example, in this embodiment, a breakwater 1 as shown in Figure 1 is shown. The breakwater 1 extends to separate the outer and inner sides of the harbor for purposes such as keeping the inside of the harbor calm from waves, and the breakwater 1 is provided with a base section 2 (foundation mound) that extends in a trapezoidal shape in cross-section, a covering stone layer 3 provided on both sides of the base section 2 in the width direction (left and right direction in Figure 1), and a top concrete layer 4.

[0028] The base section 2 is constructed by piling up numerous rubble stones to stabilize the breakwater 1, and as is well known, the sides of the base section 2 facing outward and inward from the harbor are formed as slopes 2a. Common rubble stones (approximately 40-70 cm in diameter) are used for this base section 2, and these rubble stones are exposed on each slope 2a of the base section 2. The covering stone layer 3 covers the slopes 2a of the base section 2 to protect them from waves. In this embodiment, the covering stone layer 3 extends from near the top of the base section 2, along the slopes 2a, and into the water. The range setting is considered so that even if the water level of the water surface W changes, the water level of the water surface W will have ample contact with the covering stone layer 3. This covering stone layer 3 is made by piling up numerous covering stones 3a interlocking to a constant thickness, and these cover the slopes 2a of the base section 2. The covering stones 3a used are larger and heavier than the aforementioned rubble stones (1-2 tons / piece, with a diameter of approximately 90-120 cm), and filler stones are provided between these covering stones 3a as needed. The top concrete layer 4 covers the top surface 2b of the base 2. This top concrete layer 4 is interposed between the covering stone layers 3 on both sides in the width direction of the base 2 on the top surface 2b of the base 2, and is connected to both covering stone layers 3. The upper surface 4a of the top concrete layer 4 forms a flat surface flush with the upper surfaces of both covering stone layers 3.

[0029] In such a breakwater 1, the covering stones 3a of the covering stone layer 3 may be scattered, especially near the water surface W, and holes 5 may be formed in the covering stone layer 3, as shown in Figure 2. This is thought to be because the infill stones placed between the covering stones 3a are scattered by the waves, and the stability of the covering stones 3a cannot be ensured. If such holes 5 are left untreated, they will further enlarge and extend, drawing out the rubble stones in the base section 2, which will affect the structure of the rubble stone structure. For this reason, in order to prevent such a phenomenon, it is necessary to repair the holes 5 in the covering stone layer 3 as soon as they are formed.

[0030] The repair method according to this embodiment (first embodiment) is designed to prevent the above-mentioned phenomenon and to minimize the need for further repairs after the initial repair. To this end, in the repair method according to this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the preparation step, the fabric formwork laying step, the underwater concrete injection step, and the stone installation step are carried out in order.

[0031] In the preparation process, the condition of the hole 5 is examined, and a fabric formwork 6, which is a flexible sheet formwork, and underwater concrete 7, which is a hardening material, are prepared according to the condition of the hole 5. This is because the underwater concrete 7, once poured into the fabric formwork 6, is placed inside the hole 5 as a repair covering material, and the fabric formwork 6 and underwater concrete 7 must be used in a state that is suitable for the condition of the hole 5. For this reason, first, the condition of the hole 5 is examined, and at that time, various details are collected and measured, such as the diameter and area of ​​the inner bottom surface 5a of the hole 5 (formed with existing covering stones 3a), the depth of the hole 5, the inner circumferential surface 5b of the hole 5 (the surface rising from the inner bottom surface 5a and formed with existing covering stones 3a), the inner diameter of the opening, and the internal shape. Furthermore, from this information, the internal volume of the hole 5, the required weight of the covering material (underwater concrete 7), and the required volume (required injection amount) are calculated. Specifically, the internal volume of hole 5 is calculated (approximate value) using the condition details (measured value) of hole 5, and this internal volume is used in conjunction with the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a (for example, 2.65 g / cm³). 3 The required weight of the underwater concrete 7 (covering material) is calculated based on the following: the required weight of the underwater concrete 7 and its specific gravity (for example, 2.5 t / m³). 3 The amount (volume) of underwater concrete 7 to be injected is calculated based on the above.

[0032] The fabric formwork 6 to be prepared basically has an internal space into which the underwater concrete 7 is to be poured, and has the function of expanding when the underwater concrete 7 in a fluid state is poured into the internal space. For this reason, in this embodiment, the fabric formwork 6 is made of a fabric material that is breathable, permeable to water, stretchable, and has a predetermined strength, and high-strength synthetic fibers (for example, polyester) are used to form the fabric material. In this embodiment, polyester fibers are used as the high-strength synthetic fibers, and the fabric material has a tensile strength of 350 (kgf / 3cm), an elongation of 16 (%), and a tear strength of 80 (kgf).

[0033] The fabric formwork 6 will now be described in more detail. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the fabric formwork 6 is made of the fabric material and consists of a lower surface portion 6a, an upper surface portion 6b located above the lower surface portion 6a, and a side surface portion 6c connecting the peripheral edges of the upper surface portion 6b and the lower surface portion 6a. These are capable of forming an internal space 6d (see Figure 5). Underwater concrete 7 can be injected into this internal space 6d through a fabric injection port (formed by joining fabric materials) 8 connected to the upper surface portion 6b by stitching. Therefore, when underwater concrete 7 is not injected into the fabric formwork 6, the upper surface portion 6b shrinks so as to overlap the lower surface portion 6a, and consequently, the side surface portion 6c folds (half-folds) near the approximate center in the vertical direction and can protrude to the outside of the upper surface portion 6b and the lower surface portion 6a, so that the fabric formwork 6 can be in a non-three-dimensional, sheet-like state (see Figure 4). On the other hand, when fluid underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6, the upper surface 6b separates from the lower surface 6a and the side surface 6c expands, causing the fabric formwork 6 to become three-dimensional. In this embodiment, the upper surface 6b and lower surface 6a of the fabric formwork 6 are formed in a rectangular shape, and the corresponding edges of the upper surface 6b and lower surface 6a are connected via the side surface 6c. When the fabric formwork 6 becomes three-dimensional, it basically tries to extend upward to become a rectangular parallelepiped, and at this time, the side surface 6c expands outward due to the influence of the pouring of underwater concrete 7. The arrows in Figure 5 indicate that when the fabric formwork 6 tries to become three-dimensional, the side surface 6c mainly expands outward.

[0034] When selecting the fabric formwork 6 to be prepared, the condition of the hole 5 is taken into consideration, as described above. Specifically, it is considered that the capacity to accommodate the required amount of underwater concrete 7 to be injected is sufficient, that the bottom portion 6a is large enough to cover the entire inner bottom surface 5a of the hole 5, and that when underwater concrete 7 is injected into the fabric formwork 6 and the fabric formwork 6 expands, the side portions 6c will press against the inner circumferential surface 5b of the hole 5.

[0035] The underwater concrete 7 to be prepared contains known materials such as cement, water, sand (fine aggregate), gravel (coarse aggregate), and admixtures, and its specific gravity is equal to the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a (for example, 2.65 g / cm³). 3 A value close to (for example, 2.5 t / m) 3 ) is selected. This is because even if a cloth formwork 6 containing underwater concrete 7 is used, as long as it is filled into the hole 5, it will have almost the same volume and weight as the exposed covering stone 3a, and it can be visually confirmed that the required weight is met from the standpoint of the stability of the breakwater 1 (simplification of work). This is effective when the size of the hole 5 is large and multiple cloth formwork 6 containing underwater concrete 7 must be placed inside the hole 5 as covering material. This is because if the weight of the cloth formwork 6 containing underwater concrete 7 is known in advance (standard product) and the hole 5 is filled with it, the required weight for the hole 5 will be secured even if the hole 5 is large.

[0036] However, in the future, due to climate change and other factors, it is conceivable that strength and stability exceeding the previously assumed standards will be required. In that case, the aggregate for underwater concrete 7 should be made with a higher specific gravity than the standard material used so far, thereby increasing the specific gravity of underwater concrete 7 to a level higher than before (specific gravity of covering stone 3a (for example, 2.65 g / cm³)). 3This allows the weight to be increased beyond the previous weight (required weight) simply by keeping the required volume to be accommodated in the escape hole 5 the same, thereby improving strength and stability.

[0037] Once the above preparation steps are completed, the fabric formwork 6 is laid, as shown in Figures 3 and 6. This is to ensure that, regardless of the size of the opening of the hole 5, a covering material (fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7) larger than the opening of the hole 5 can be filled into the hole 5 in a later step, and that the covering material can be properly interlocked with the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner surface of the hole 5. For this reason, the sheet-like fabric formwork 6 is laid so that its lower surface 6a covers the inner bottom surface 5a of the hole 5. At this time, it is preferable to raise the half-folded side portions 6c that protrude from the upper surface 6b and lower surface 6a along the inner circumferential surface 5b of the hole 5. This is to allow the fabric formwork 6 to smoothly expand and contract as the underwater concrete 7 is injected in the subsequent underwater concrete injection step. Furthermore, at this time, the folded side portion 6c may be held in place along the covering stone 3a on the inner circumferential surface 5b of the hole, but it is more preferable to temporarily fix it with adhesive or the like. This is to prevent the folded side portion 6c from collapsing and separating from the inner circumferential surface 5b of the hole 5.

[0038] Once the process of laying the fabric formwork 6 is completed, the process of injecting the underwater concrete 7 is carried out, as shown in Figures 3 and 7. By injecting the underwater concrete 7 into the fabric formwork 6, the fabric formwork 6 is expanded three-dimensionally, and the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 is used as a covering material to fill the hole 5. At the same time, the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 is used to enter the gaps 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner surface of the hole 5, thereby ensuring that the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 interlocks with the existing covering stones 3a on the inner surface of the hole 5.

[0039] To explain in more detail, in the process of injecting the underwater concrete 7, as shown in Figure 7, a supply hose 9 extending from a concrete pump truck (not shown) is connected to a fabric injection port 8, and the underwater concrete 7 is injected into the fabric formwork 6 via the supply hose 9 and the injection port 8. As a result, the fabric formwork 6 begins to expand, and its lower surface 6a is pressed against the bottom surface 5a inside the hole 5 and conforms to the bottom surface 5a inside the hole 5, while the upper surface 6b moves away from the lower surface 6a. As this movement occurs, the outer portion of the side portion 6c (one half-folded portion that is in contact with the inner surface 5b of the hole 5 based on its upright position during installation) is pressed against the inner surface 5b of the hole 5, while the inner portion of the side portion 6c (the other half-folded portion) rises without any obstruction, and as further injection of underwater concrete 7 occurs, this side portion 6c is also pressed outward against the inner surface 5b of the hole 5 (see Figures 6 and 7).

[0040] As a result, the side portion 6c enters the gap 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner circumferential surface 5b of the escape hole 5. The arrows inside the fabric formwork 6 in Figure 7 indicate that the fabric formwork 6 expands due to the injected underwater concrete 7, and as a result, the side portion 6c enters the gap 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a. At this time, by utilizing the fluidity of the underwater concrete 7 inside the fabric formwork 6 and applying external force to the underwater concrete 7 through the fabric formwork 6 with a pusher rod or the like, the underwater concrete 7 inside the fabric formwork 6 can be actively and accurately guided between the existing covering stones 3a. The arrows outside the fabric formwork 6 in Figure 7 indicate the external force applied to the fabric formwork 6 by a pusher rod or the like at that time. When a predetermined amount of underwater concrete 7 is injected into the fabric formwork 6, the injection is stopped and the supply hose 9 of the concrete pump truck is withdrawn from the injection port 8. The injection port 8 is then closed by tying it with a string and pushed into the fabric formwork 6.

[0041] Once the underwater concrete injection process is complete, the installation process of the anchored stone 10 is carried out, as shown in Figures 3 and 8. This is to cover the top surface of the cloth formwork 6 with the stone 10a and harmonize it with the surrounding environment (the environment in which the covering stones 3a are laid). For this purpose, multiple anchored stone 10 are prepared. Each anchored stone 10 has one end of the anchor 10b attached to the stone 10a, with the other end extending away from the stone 10a. Natural stone, artificial stone, etc. can be used as appropriate for the stone 10a, but from the viewpoint of harmonizing with the surrounding environment, it is preferable to use natural stone, and regarding the size and weight of the natural stone, etc., since the installation work is carried out by workers, it is preferable that it be small enough for workers to carry (20kg to 30kg). In addition, since the anchor 10b is embedded inside the underwater concrete 7, it is preferable that it be protected from corrosion, and in this embodiment, epoxy resin reinforcing bars, which are reinforcing bars coated with epoxy resin, are used. Furthermore, in selecting this anchor 10b, it is important to choose one that can adequately resist the lateral wave force on the stone material 10a with the shear stress of the anchor 10b (cross-sectional area of ​​the anchor 10b), and that can adequately resist the uplift pressure on the underside of the stone material 10a with the adhesion force of the anchor 10b (outer circumference of the anchor 10b × elongation length of the anchor 10b).

[0042] When installing the anchored stone 10 as described above, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, while the underwater concrete 7 inside the fabric formwork 6, which is exposed from the hole 5, is still unhardened, the anchors 10b of each anchored stone 10 are inserted into the underwater concrete 7 through the fabric formwork 6, and each stone 10a is fixed to the upper surface of the fabric formwork 6 so as to cover its upper surface. This allows the installation to blend in with the surrounding environment (covering stone layer 3) better than if the upper surface of the fabric formwork 6 were left exposed. After this, the underwater concrete 7 inside the fabric formwork 6 is allowed to harden, and the installation is completed.

[0043] Figure 10 shows a second embodiment. In this second embodiment, components identical to those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted.

[0044] The second embodiment shown in Figure 10 involves preparing multiple fabric formwork 6 and sequentially performing the process of laying the fabric formwork 6 in the hole 5 and injecting the fluidized underwater concrete 7 for each fabric formwork 6, thereby arranging multiple fabric formwork 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 in the hole 5. Each of these fabric formwork 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 is a standard product with a fixed weight and volume (standardized capacity for the fabric formwork 6 and the amount of underwater concrete injected), and these are arranged horizontally and overlap vertically to fill the hole 5. Figure 10 shows the state in which the fabric formwork 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 are being assembled in the hole 5. In this case, adjacent fabric formwork 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 are connected by inserting connecting bars 11 into the underwater concrete 7 in both fabric formwork 6, taking advantage of the fact that the underwater concrete 7 in both fabric formwork 6 is not yet hardened.

[0045] Specifically, one end of the connecting reinforcement bar 11 is inserted into the fabric formwork 6 after the underwater concrete 7 has been poured into it, and the other end protrudes from the fabric formwork 6. Then, the other end of the connecting reinforcement bar 11 is inserted into the fabric formwork 6 that is adjacent to the fabric formwork 6 in the vertical or horizontal direction before the underwater concrete 7 is poured into it, and the underwater concrete 7 is poured into that fabric formwork 6. In particular, for fabric formwork 6 that are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, when the height of the underwater concrete 7 poured into that fabric formwork 6 reaches the height of the connecting reinforcement bar 11, the other end of the connecting reinforcement bar 11 may be inserted into the adjacent fabric formwork 6. In this embodiment as well, the epoxy resin reinforcement bars mentioned above are used for the connecting reinforcement bars 11.

[0046] This allows multiple fabric formwork 6, inflated with underwater concrete 7, to be housed as a single unit within the hole 5 as a covering material, enabling accurate adaptation to the various sizes of hole 5. Of course, in this case, if the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 and the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a are similar, simply arranging multiple fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 to fill the hole 5 will satisfy the required weight for repair. If the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 is greater than that of the covering stone 3a, using multiple fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 will provide a weight exceeding the required weight for repair, thereby increasing the strength and stability of the repaired breakwater.

[0047] Although embodiments have been described above, the present invention also encompasses the following embodiments. (1) As a hardening material, in addition to the underwater concrete 7 mentioned above, a material that hardens after going through a fluid state (unhardened state), such as mortar, may be used. (2) The flexible sheet formwork may be made of a material other than cloth, as long as it expands when the underwater concrete 7 is injected and can be deformed by external forces. (3) During construction (especially when pouring underwater concrete 7 into the fabric formwork 6), a pollution prevention membrane shall be installed around the construction site to prevent the diffusion of pollutants even if they leak out during construction. (4) When forming the covering stone layer 3 on the slope 2a of the base 2, the underwater concrete 7 contained within the fabric formwork 6 (flexible sheet formwork) is placed on the slope 2a in place of a portion of the covering stones 3a, and is scattered across the covering stone layer 3. At this time, it is preferable to cover the upper surface of the fabric formwork 6 with anchored stone material 10. This makes it possible to expedite the formation of the covering stone layer 3 and to make the covering stone layer 3 stronger. [Industrial applicability]

[0048] The present invention can be used to fill a hole 5 formed when a covering stone 3a escapes from the covering stone layer 3 with a covering material of sufficient size, and to firmly interlock the covering material with the existing covering stone 3a that forms the inner surface of the hole 5. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0049] 1 Breakwater 2. Base 3. Covering stone layer 3a Covering stone 3aa gap 5 loopholes 6. Fabric formwork (flexible sheet formwork) 6a Bottom part 6b Top part 6c Side part 6d interior space 7. Underwater concrete (hardening material) 10 Anchor-equipped stone 11 connecting muscles

Claims

1. A method for repairing a rubble-stone structure in which the covering stones have come loose from the covering stone layer that covers the foundation section constructed with rubble stones, thereby creating a hole in the covering stone layer, A flexible sheet formwork capable of expanding into a three-dimensional shape is laid in the aforementioned hole in a non-three-dimensional state. Next, a fluid hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, causing the flexible sheet formwork to expand with the hardening material. The flexible sheet formwork, expanded with the aforementioned hardening material, is filled into the hole as a covering material and inserted between the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the hole. A method for repairing rubble-type structures, characterized by the following:

2. In claim 1, As the fluid hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, an external force is applied to the hardening material through the flexible sheet formwork, thereby pressing the flexible sheet formwork and the hardening material within the flexible sheet formwork into the gap between the existing covering stones. A method for repairing rubble-type structures, characterized by the following:

3. In claim 1, As the aforementioned flexible sheet formwork, a formwork is prepared that has a lower portion for laying so as to cover the bottom surface inside the hole using a breathable material, an upper portion located above the lower portion, and a side portion that connects the peripheral edges of the upper portion and the lower portion to form an internal space, and when the hardening material has not yet been poured into the internal space, the upper portion shrinks so as to overlap the lower portion. When laying a flexible sheet formwork in the aforementioned hole, at least the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork is positioned to cover the entire bottom surface of the hole. Next, as the liquid hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork is separated from the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork, while the side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is expanded, and the expanded side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is used to conform to the inner surface of the hole. A method for repairing rubble-type structures, characterized by the following:

4. In claim 1, Multiple flexible sheet formworks are prepared, and for each flexible sheet formwork, the process of laying the flexible sheet formwork in the hole and the process of injecting the fluid hardening material are carried out sequentially, thereby forming multiple flexible sheet formworks inflated by the hardening material in the hole. Multiple flexible sheet formwork molds, which have been inflated with the aforementioned hardening material, are connected to each other by inserting connecting reinforcing bars into the hardened material within each flexible sheet formwork, taking advantage of the fact that the hardened material within each flexible sheet formwork mold is not yet hardened. A method for repairing rubble-type structures, characterized by the following:

5. In claim 1, The weight of the covering stone that escaped from the aforementioned hole was estimated, The weight of the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork within the aforementioned escape hole is adjusted so that the weight is greater than or equal to the weight of the covering stone that escapes from the aforementioned escape hole. A method for repairing rubble-type structures, characterized by the following:

6. In claim 5, In determining the weight of the curing material within the flexible sheet mold, the specific gravity of the curing material is adjusted to maintain a certain volume within the required space for the hole. A method for repairing rubble-type structures, characterized by the following:

7. In any one of claims 1 to 6, When the hardened material inside the flexible sheet formwork exposed from the aforementioned hole is still unhardened, the stone material attached with the anchor extended is fixed to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork by inserting the anchor into the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork, so as to cover the upper surface. A method for repairing rubble-type structures, characterized by the following:

8. In a rubble-stone structure, where a layer of covering stones is provided on a foundation constructed of rubble stones, A flexible sheet formwork, which expands by housing a hardening material, is provided in a part of the aforementioned covering stone layer. The flexible sheet formwork, which has expanded by housing the hardening material, enters between the existing covering stones surrounding the flexible sheet formwork, and the flexible sheet formwork, which has expanded by housing the hardening material, interlocks with the existing covering stones. The stone material, with its anchor extended, is attached to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork, and is fixed by inserting the anchor into the hardened material inside the flexible sheet formwork through the formwork. A rubble-stone structure characterized by the following features.

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