Tools, fixtures, and machine tools

Abstract

The objective is to provide tool jigs and machine tools that have a low risk of reducing cutting accuracy. [Solution] The tool jig 30 includes a work guide section 31 having a first through hole 34 that can guide the workpiece W, a tool fixing section 32 that fixes the workpiece W to a tool 40 for machining, and a chip discharge section 33 positioned between the work guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32 for discharging chips generated by machining the workpiece W with the tool 40.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a jig for tools and a machine tool.

Background Art

[0002] Various techniques for improving the accuracy of machining such as cutting a center hole in a workpiece such as a round bar are known. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a center ring machine that cuts a center hole in a workpiece while aligning the tip of a center drill with the center of the end face of the workpiece by arranging the end face of the workpiece to contact a concave surface having a frustum shape. The center ring machine described in Patent Document 1 can accurately cut a center hole in a workpiece by arranging the end face of the workpiece to contact the concave surface.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, when the extending direction of the workpiece is different from the extending direction of the conduction shaft that holds the center drill in the center ring machine described in Patent Document 1, the position of the center hole may deviate from the center of the end face of the workpiece, and the cutting accuracy of the center hole may decrease.

[0005] The present invention solves such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a jig for tools and a machine tool with a low risk of decreasing cutting accuracy.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The tool jig according to the present invention includes a workpiece guide section having a first through-hole formed therein that can guide a workpiece, a tool fixing section for fixing the workpiece to a tool for machining, and a chip discharge section disposed between the workpiece guide section and the tool fixing section for discharging chips generated by machining the workpiece with the tool.

[0007] Furthermore, in the tool jig according to the present invention, it is preferable that the tool fixing portion extends parallel to the extension direction of the first through hole, and a second through hole is formed through which a tool for machining a workpiece can pass.

[0008] Furthermore, in the tool jig according to the present invention, it is preferable that the tool fixing portion has a third through-hole into which a fixing member for fixing to the tool can be inserted.

[0009] Furthermore, in the tool jig according to the present invention, it is preferable that the second through-hole is formed such that its center is shifted from the center of the first through-hole toward the third through-hole, so that the center of the tool coincides with the center of the workpiece.

[0010] Furthermore, in the tool jig according to the present invention, it is preferable that the chip discharge section has a pair of plate-shaped connecting sections, one end of which is connected to the workpiece guide section and the other end of which is connected to the tool fixing section, and which are spaced apart by a distance that allows the tool to be inserted.

[0011] Furthermore, in the tool jig according to the present invention, it is preferable that the distance between a pair of plate-shaped connecting parts is such that both the workpiece and the tool can be inserted.

[0012] The machine tool according to the present invention comprises a spindle for gripping a workpiece, a tool post for holding a tool for machining the workpiece, and a tool jig attached to the tool. The tool jig includes a workpiece guide portion having a first through-hole formed therein that can guide the workpiece, a tool fixing portion for fixing to the tool, and a chip removal portion positioned between the workpiece guide portion and the tool fixing portion for discharging chips generated by machining the workpiece with the tool. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The tool jigs and machine tools according to the present invention can reduce the risk of a decrease in cutting accuracy. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view of a machine tool according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] (a) is a perspective view of a tool jig according to an embodiment, (b) is a plan view of the tool jig shown in (a), (c) is a front view of the tool jig shown in (a), and (d) is a rear view of the tool jig shown in (a). [Figure 3] This figure shows the tool jig shown in Figure 2(a) attached to the tool. [Figure 4] Figure 2(a) shows an example of a cutting process using the tool jig shown, where (a) shows the first state, (b) shows the second state following the first state, and (c) shows the third state following the second state. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] The tooling fixtures and machine tools according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, it should be noted that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but extends to the inventions described in the claims and their equivalents.

[0016] (Configuration and function of the machine tool according to the embodiment) Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool according to an embodiment.

[0017] Machine tool 1 comprises a bed 10, a front spindle 11, a rear spindle 12, a guide bushing device 13, a tool post 14, and a numerical control (NC) device 20. Machine tool 1 processes a workpiece W, which is held by the front spindle 11 and the rear spindle 12 respectively, using a tool 40 held by the tool post 14. The bed 10 is equipped with the front spindle 11, the rear spindle 12, the guide bushing device 13, and the tool post 14.

[0018] The front spindle 11 is a hollow member capable of gripping a cylindrical workpiece W supplied from a material feeder (not shown), and is movable in the Z1 direction by being installed on a moving mechanism that moves along the rail 15. The rear spindle 12 is, similarly to the front spindle 11, a hollow member capable of gripping the workpiece W, and is movable in the Z2 direction and the X2 direction by being installed on a moving mechanism that moves along the rails 16 and 17. The guide bush device 13 supports the vicinity of the tip of the workpiece W gripped by the front spindle 11.

[0019] The tool post 14 holds a plurality of tools 40 and is movable in the X1 direction and the Y1 direction by being installed on a moving mechanism that moves along the rails 18 and 19. The plurality of tools 40 held by the tool post 14 include a center drill, a two-flute drill, a three-flute drill, a tap, a flat drill, and the like. The center drill is used when forming a center hole at the center of the end face of the workpiece W, and the three-flute drill is used for drilling a cylindrical recess centered on the hole formed by the center drill on the end face of the workpiece W. The tap is used for tapping to form a thread groove on the inner wall of the recess formed on the end face of the workpiece W by the three-flute drill, and the flat drill is used for removing the unnecessary center hole and finishing the end face of the workpiece W. Note that the plurality of tools 40 may include tools other than drills such as a parting tool, a boring tool, and an end mill. Also, the plurality of tools 40 may be fixed tools or rotary tools.

[0020] The NC device 20 is electrically connected to a control mechanism such as a moving mechanism and a rotating mechanism that controls the operations of the front spindle 11, the rear spindle 12, and the tool post 14, and controls the rotation and movement of the front spindle 11 and the rear spindle 12 and the movement of the tool post 14.

[0021] (Configuration and Function of Tool Jig According to Embodiment) FIG. 2(a) is a perspective view of a tool jig according to an embodiment, FIG. 2(b) is a plan view of the tool jig shown in FIG. 2(a), FIG. 2(c) is a front view of the tool jig shown in FIG. 2(a), and FIG. 2(d) is a rear view of the tool jig shown in FIG. 2(a).

[0022] The tool jig 30 is formed of a metal such as an alloy of brass or the like, cemented carbide, iron, or copper, and has a work guiding portion 31, a tool fixing portion 32, and a chip discharging portion 33. The tool jig 30 is used when machining the end face of the work W guided by the work guiding portion 31 with the tool 40 to which the tool fixing portion 32 is fixed. The tool jig 30 surrounds the work W with the inner surface of the work guiding portion 31, and prevents the work W from vibrating in a direction orthogonal to the stretching direction of the work W in response to the contact of the tool 40 to which the tool fixing portion 32 is fixed with the end face of the work W. Further, the tool jig 30 may be formed of a non-metal such as resin, wood, glass, or ceramic. The tool jig 30 is formed, for example, by cutting a round bar material.

[0023] The work guiding portion 31 has a cylindrical shape, and a first through hole 34 capable of guiding the work W is formed. The first through hole 34 extends parallel to the arrangement direction of the work guiding portion 31, the tool fixing portion 32, and the chip discharging portion 33. The diameter of the first through hole 34 is substantially the same as at least the diameter of the work W through which the end face of the work W can pass, and is appropriately selected according to the diameter of the work W to be machined. The difference between the diameter of the first through hole 34 and the diameter of the work W is preferably 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. If the difference between the diameter of the first through hole 34 and the diameter of the work W exceeds 30 μm, the function of preventing the work W from swinging during machining of the work W deteriorates. If the difference between the diameter of the first through hole 34 and the diameter of the work W is less than 5 μm, when passing the work W through the first through hole 34, in order to accurately align the center of the first through hole 34 and the center of the end face of the work W, the processing cost may increase.

[0024] The tool fixing portion 32 has a cylindrical shape and is fixed to the tool 40 that processes the workpiece W. The tool fixing portion 32 has a second through hole 35 into which the tool 40 can be inserted, and a third through hole 36 into which a fixing member that fixes the tool fixing portion 32 to the tool 40 can be inserted. The outer shape of the tool fixing portion 32 is the same as the outer shape of the workpiece guide portion 31. The second through hole 35 extends parallel to the extending direction of the first through hole 34. The diameter of the second through hole 35 is such that at least the tool 40 that processes the end face of the workpiece W can pass through, and is appropriately selected according to the diameter of the tool 40 used. The third through hole 36 extends from the side surface of the tool fixing portion 32 toward the center of the tool fixing portion 32 in a direction perpendicular to the extending directions of the first through hole 34 and the second through hole 35. When the fixing member that fixes the tool 40 is a screw, a screw groove that can be screwed into the screw is formed on the inner surface of the third through hole 36.

[0025] Figure 3 shows the tool jig 30 mounted on the tool 40. Figure 3 corresponds to the cross-sectional view along line AA shown in Figure 2(b). In Figure 3, the dashed line indicates the center of the first through hole 34, the dashed line indicates the center of the second through hole 35, and the dashed line indicates the center of the tool 40 placed in the second through hole 35.

[0026] The tool 40 is positioned in the tool fixing portion 32 so as to pass through the second through hole 35. When the tool fixing portion 32 is fixed to the tool 40, the tip of the tool 40 is located near the end face of the workpiece guide portion 31. The tool fixing portion 32 is fixed to the tool 40 by a fixing member 41, which is a screw that screws into the third through hole 36 and whose tip presses against the side of the tool 40.

[0027] The second through-hole 35 is formed such that its center is shifted from the center of the first through-hole 34 toward the third through-hole 36. The amount of shift LS of the center of the second through-hole 35 from the center of the first through-hole 34 is determined such that the center of the tool 40 coincides with the center of the first through-hole 34. The amount of shift LS is when the diameter of the workpiece is LW and the diameter of the second through-hole 35 is LO. LS = (LO - LW) / 2 This is shown.

[0028] The chip discharge section 33 is positioned between the workpiece guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32, and has a first connecting section 37 and a second connecting section 38, and is positioned to have an opening 39 between the workpiece guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32. The first connecting section 37 and the second connecting section 38 have a rectangular plate shape, one end of which is connected to the end face of the workpiece guide section 31 facing the tool fixing section 32, and the other end of which is connected to the end face of the tool fixing section 32 facing the workpiece guide section 31. The opening 39 is positioned to expose at least a part of the workpiece W or a part of the tool 40 when the workpiece W is machined with the tool 40. In addition, a part of the end face of the workpiece guide section 31 and a part of the end face of the tool fixing section 32 are positioned to face each other through the opening 39. The length of the chip discharge section 33, that is, the distance between the workpiece guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32, is appropriately selected according to the length of the tool on which the tool jig 30 is mounted, so that the end face of the workpiece W is machined by the tool 40 near the chip discharge section 33. Furthermore, it is preferable that the distance between the workpiece guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32 is selected so that the end face of the workpiece W being machined by the tool 40 is exposed through the opening 39 of the chip discharge section 33. The chip discharge section 33 discharges chips generated when the end face of the workpiece W is machined by the tool 40 through the opening 39.

[0029] Figure 4 shows an example of cutting using the tool jig 30, where Figure 4(a) shows the first state, Figure 4(b) shows the second state following the first state, and Figure 4(c) shows the third state following the second state.

[0030] First, the tool 40, to which the tool jig 30 is attached, moves along the X1Y1 plane to reach a predetermined machining area as the tool post 14 is moved in the X1 and Y1 directions by the NC device 20. The tool 40 is moved to a position where the X1 and Y1 coordinates of the center of the tool 40 coincide with the X1 and Y1 coordinates of the center of the end face of the workpiece W. Next, the workpiece W, held by the front spindle 11, passes through the first through hole 34 as the front spindle 11 is moved in the Z1 direction by the NC device 20, and its end comes into contact with the tool 40. As the workpiece W moves in the Z1 direction, its end face is cut by the tool 40, and the end face of the workpiece W is machined. The chips generated as a result of machining the end face of the workpiece W are discharged from the chip discharge unit 33.

[0031] (Effects and effects of the machine tool and tool jig according to the embodiment) When machining a workpiece W with a tool 40 fitted with a tool jig 30, the workpiece W is positioned inside the first through-hole 34, which has approximately the same diameter. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can suppress runout of the workpiece W. By suppressing runout of the workpiece W, the machine tool 1 can reduce the risk of a decrease in cutting accuracy.

[0032] Furthermore, since the tool jig 30 has a chip discharge section 33 that discharges chips generated by machining the workpiece W with the tool 40, there is a reduced risk that chips generated will remain inside the tool jig 30 when machining the workpiece W with the tool 40 to which the tool jig 30 is attached. Because there is a reduced risk that chips generated when machining the workpiece W with the tool 40 to which the tool jig 30 is attached will remain inside the tool jig 30, the machine tool 1 can perform continuous machining of the workpiece W with the tool 40 to which the tool jig 30 is attached.

[0033] Furthermore, since the tool jig 30 is attached to the tool 40 by passing the tool 40 through the second through hole 35, the attachment and detachment of the tool jig 30 by an operator is easy, and the increase in manufacturing costs caused by attaching the tool jig 30 to the tool 40 can be suppressed.

[0034] Furthermore, the tool jig 30 fixes the tool 40 by inserting the fixing member 41 into the third through hole 36 and pressing the side of the tool 40 with the tip of the fixing member 41, making it easy to fix and release the tool fixing part 32 to the tool 40. Since it is easy to fix and release the tool fixing part 32 to the tool 40, the increase in manufacturing costs caused by attaching the tool jig 30 to the tool 40 can be further suppressed.

[0035] Furthermore, when the fixing member 41 of the tool jig 30 is a screw, the tool fixing part 32 can be fixed to the tool 40 by screwing the fixing member 41 into the third through hole 36. Therefore, the work of fixing and releasing the tool fixing part 32 to the tool 40 is easy, and the increase in manufacturing costs can be further suppressed.

[0036] Furthermore, the tool jig 30 is formed such that the center of the second through-hole 35 is shifted from the center of the first through-hole 34 toward the third through-hole 36, so that the center of the tool 40 coincides with the center of the workpiece W. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can process the workpiece W with high precision.

[0037] Furthermore, in the tool jig 30, the chip discharge section 33 is formed by a first connecting section 37 and a second connecting section 38, one end of which is connected to the workpiece guide section 31 and the other end of which is connected to the tool fixing section 32, and which are spaced apart by a distance sufficient for the insertion of the tool 40. The tool jig 30 can realize a chip discharge mechanism with a simple configuration by forming the chip discharge section 33 with a pair of connecting sections, the first connecting section 37 and the second connecting section 38. In addition, in the tool jig 30, the opening 39 is positioned between the workpiece guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32, so that chips generated when the end face of the workpiece W is machined by the tool 40 are discharged from the opening 39 of the chip discharge section 33, thus enabling efficient chip discharge. Also, in the tool jig 30, the end face of the workpiece W is cut near the chip discharge section 33, so cutting fluid can be efficiently supplied to the cutting area where the end face of the workpiece W is cut via the opening 39 of the chip discharge section 33.

[0038] Furthermore, if the separation distance between the work guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32 is selected so that the end face of the workpiece W being machined by the tool 40 is exposed through the opening 39 of the chip discharge section 33, then chips generated when the end face of the workpiece W is machined by the tool 40 can be discharged more efficiently. Also, if the separation distance between the work guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32 is selected so that the end face of the workpiece W being machined by the tool 40 is exposed through the opening 39 of the chip discharge section 33, then cutting fluid can be supplied directly to the cutting area cutting the end face of the workpiece W, thus enabling more efficient supply of cutting fluid. In addition, if the separation distance between the work guide section 31 and the tool fixing section 32 is selected so that the end face of the workpiece W being machined by the tool 40 is exposed through the opening 39 of the chip discharge section 33, then the tool 40 that is machining the end face of the workpiece W can be seen from the tool jig 30 through the opening 39 of the chip discharge section 33, making it easier to check the setting status of the tool 40, as well as any damage or wear to the tool 40.

[0039] Furthermore, since the external shape of the tool fixing portion 32 is the same as that of the workpiece guide portion 31, the tool jig 30 can be easily manufactured from a round bar material (workpiece W).

[0040] (Modified examples of machine tools and tool jigs according to the embodiment) The machine tool 1 has a rear spindle 12 and a guide bushing device 13, but the machine tool according to this embodiment may not have at least one of the rear spindle 12 and the guide bushing device 13. For example, the machine tool may not have a rear spindle 12 but have a guide bushing device 13, or it may have a rear spindle 12 but not a guide bushing device 13, or it may not have either a rear spindle 12 or a guide bushing device 13.

[0041] Furthermore, while the tool jig 30 has a cylindrical shape for the workpiece guide portion 31 and the tool fixing portion 32, the tool jig according to this embodiment may have a shape other than cylindrical, such as a square tube. Also, while the tool jig 30 has the same outer diameter for the workpiece guide portion 31 and the tool fixing portion 32, the tool jig according to this embodiment may have different outer diameters for the workpiece guide portion and the tool fixing portion.

[0042] Furthermore, in the tool jig 30, the tool fixing portion 32 has a second through-hole 35 through which the tool 40 can pass. However, in the tool jig according to this embodiment, the tool fixing portion only needs to have a configuration that can fix the tool 40. For example, the tool fixing portion may have an inner wall that can be fitted onto the tool 40, and the tool 40 may be fixed by fitting the inner wall onto the tool 40.

[0043] Furthermore, in the tool jig 30, the tool fixing portion 32 has a third through-hole 36 into which a fixing member 41 for fixing the tool 40 can be inserted. However, in the tool jig according to this embodiment, the tool fixing portion does not necessarily have to have a third through-hole 36. When the tool fixing portion does not have a third through-hole 36, the tool jig according to this embodiment has a fixing mechanism for fixing the tool fixing portion to the tool 40.

[0044] Furthermore, in the tool jig 30, the second through-hole 35 is formed such that its center is shifted from the center of the first through-hole 34 toward the third through-hole 36, so that the center of the tool 40 coincides with the center of the workpiece W. However, in the tool jig according to this embodiment, the second through-hole may be formed so that its center coincides with the center of the first through-hole 34. When the second through-hole is formed so that its center coincides with the center of the first through-hole 34, a support portion is arranged in the portion of the inner wall of the second through-hole facing the third through-hole 36 to support the tool 40 so that the center of the tool 40 coincides with the center of the workpiece W.

[0045] Furthermore, in the tool jig 30, the tool fixing portion 32 has a single third through hole 36, but in the tool jig according to this embodiment, the tool fixing portion may have multiple third through holes 36. For example, the tool fixing portion may have a pair of third through holes 36 facing each other. When a pair of third through holes 36 facing each other are formed in the tool fixing portion, the position of the tool 40 is adjusted by adjusting the insertion amount of the fixing member 41 inserted into the third through hole 36. Also, the tool fixing portion may have three third through holes 36 formed at positions shifted by 120 degrees each, or four third through holes 36 formed at positions shifted by 90 degrees each.

[0046] Furthermore, in the tool jig 30, the first connecting portion 37 and the second connecting portion 38 that form the chip discharge portion 33 are spaced apart by a distance that allows the tool 40 to be inserted. However, in the tool jig according to this embodiment, the first connecting portion 37 and the second connecting portion 38 may be spaced apart by a distance that allows both the workpiece W and the tool 40 to be inserted. By arranging the first connecting portion 37 and the second connecting portion 38 spaced apart by a distance that allows both the workpiece W and the tool 40 to be inserted, the tool jig can be positioned so that the end face of the workpiece W protrudes into the chip discharge portion 33, and chips can be efficiently discharged. In addition, when the tool jig is attached to a drill and a recess is formed on the end face of the workpiece W, the depth of the recess can be increased by allowing the end face of the workpiece W to enter the chip discharge portion 33.

[0047] Furthermore, in the tool jig 30, the chip discharge section 33 is formed by a pair of flat plates, a first connecting section 37 and a second connecting section 38. However, in the tool jig according to this embodiment, the chip discharge section may be formed by one or three or more flat plates. Also, in the tool jig according to this embodiment, the chip discharge section may be formed by a member having a shape other than a flat plate, such as an arc shape. For example, it may be formed by a single member having a substantially semicircular shape. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0048] 1 Machine tools 11 Front spindle 12 Back spindle 13 Guide bushing device 14. Tool rest 20 NC device 30 Tools and fixtures 31 Work Information Department 32 Tool fixing part 33 Chip discharge section 34 First through hole 35 Second through hole 36 Third through hole

Claims

1. A workpiece guide section having a first through-hole formed therein that can guide the workpiece, A tool fixing part for fixing the workpiece to the tool used for machining, A chip discharge unit is positioned between the workpiece guide and the tool fixing unit and discharges chips generated by the machining of the workpiece by the tool, A tool jig characterized by having the following features.

2. The tool fixing portion extends parallel to the extending direction of the first through hole, and a second through hole is formed through which the tool for machining the workpiece can pass, according to claim 1.

3. The tool fixing portion is formed with a third through-hole into which a fixing member for fixing to the tool can be inserted, as described in claim 2.

4. The tooling fixture according to claim 3, wherein the second through-hole is formed such that its center is shifted from the center of the first through-hole toward the third through-hole so that the center of the tool coincides with the center of the workpiece.

5. The tool jig according to claim 1, wherein the chip discharge section has a pair of plate-shaped connecting sections, one end of which is connected to the workpiece guide section and the other end of which is connected to the tool fixing section, and which are spaced apart by a distance such that the tool can be inserted.

6. The tool jig according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the pair of plate-shaped connecting portions is a distance from which both the workpiece and the tool can be inserted.

7. The main spindle that grips the workpiece, A tool post for holding a tool for machining the aforementioned workpiece, The tool has a tool jig attached to it, The aforementioned tool jig is, A workpiece guide portion having a first through-hole formed therein that can guide the workpiece, A tool fixing part for fixing to the aforementioned tool, A chip discharge unit is positioned between the workpiece guide and the tool fixing unit and discharges chips generated by the machining of the workpiece by the tool, A machine tool characterized by having

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