Timber construction materials

Abstract

To provide a wood-based structural material that can continuously maintain its fire-stopping effect even after the burnt layer has been destroyed by fire. [Solution] The wooden structural material 10 comprises a core material (wooden core 12) of a column made of wood material, a fire-stopping layer 14A arranged on the outer circumference of the core material, and a burn-through layer 14B made of wood material arranged on the outer circumference of the fire-stopping layer 14A. The fire-stopping layer 14A comprises a water-retaining body 20 arranged on the side of the core material that retains moisture, and a non-combustible material 18 arranged at the corner of the core material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wood structural material.

Background Art

[0002] The following Patent Document 1 describes a wood structural material in which a water retention layer is disposed between a core material and an outer layer.

Prior Art Document

Patent Document

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In the water retention layer of the wood structural material of Patent Document 1, the portion between adjacent siding boards is a housing portion for housing a water retention material. The water retention material is injected into this housing portion with a flexible hose or the like. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the temperature of the siding board forming the char layer from reaching the ignition point. Alternatively, it is possible to delay the time to reach the ignition point. However, when the char layer burns out, the water retention material may flow out, making it difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing the temperature rise.

[0005] In consideration of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to provide a wood structural material capable of continuously maintaining the fire extinguishing effect even when the char layer burns out.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The wood structural material according to claim 1 includes a core material of a column formed of a wood material, a fire extinguishing layer disposed on the outer periphery of the core material, and a char layer disposed on the outer periphery of the fire extinguishing layer and formed of a wood material. The fire extinguishing layer includes a water retention body disposed on the side surface of the core material and retaining moisture, and a non-combustible material disposed at a corner portion of the core material.

[0007] In the wood structural material of claim 1, a non-combustible material is placed at the corners of the core material. Since the non-combustible material is less likely to evaporate and burn away, its non-combustible performance does not deteriorate as easily as a configuration with a water-retaining material at the corners, even when exposed to flames over time. Therefore, a sustained fire-stopping effect can be obtained.

[0008] The wood structural material of claim 2 is the wood structural material of claim 1, wherein the fire-stopping layer comprises a plurality of water-retaining bodies, and each of the water-retaining bodies is held on the surface of the core material in a state where they are stacked vertically.

[0009] The wood structural material of claim 2 is easier to handle compared to the case where the fire-stopping layer is formed by a single water-retaining material, because the water-retaining material can be divided into smaller portions by forming a fire-stopping layer with multiple water-retaining materials.

[0010] Furthermore, if the water-retaining materials are stacked vertically to form a fire-stopping layer, each water-retaining material tends to separate and collapse easily. However, because the water-retaining materials are held on the surface of the core material by a holding mechanism, collapse can be suppressed.

[0011] The wood structural material of claim 3 is the wood structural material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-retaining body comprises a water-retaining material that retains moisture, an airtight container in which the water-retaining material is sealed, and a flame-retardant covering material that covers the outside of the container.

[0012] In the wood structural material of claim 3, a water-retaining material that retains moisture is sealed in an airtight container. This makes it possible to suppress the evaporation of moisture at all times.

[0013] Furthermore, the outside of the container is covered with a flame-retardant coating. This prevents the container from burning down immediately when the fire-stopping layer is fanned by flames during a fire. As a result, the cooling effect is prolonged before and after the container ruptures. In other words, until the container ruptures, heat is absorbed by the warming of the water-retaining material, and after the container ruptures, heat is absorbed by the evaporation of the water-retaining material.

[0014] The wood structural material of claim 4 is the wood structural material of claim 3, wherein the water-retaining material is formed in a gel-like or sol-like state and is impregnated into a nonwoven fabric arranged in layers from the inside to the outside of the fire-stopping layer.

[0015] In the wood-based structural material of claim 4, the water-retaining material is in the form of a gel or sol. If the water-retaining material is formed in the form of a gel, it has low fluidity and is less likely to leak out immediately when the container is burned.

[0016] Alternatively, if a sol-like water-retaining material is impregnated into a layered nonwoven fabric, it is less likely to leak out immediately when the container burns down, compared to, for example, a low-viscosity liquid being sealed in the container as the water-retaining material. Also, because it carbonizes and detaches in a foil-like manner from the surface side that is fanned by the flames, it is easier to maintain the shape of the water-retaining material. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] According to the present invention, even if the combustion layer is burned away, the temperature rise suppression effect can be continuously maintained. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This is a plan cross-sectional view showing an example of a wood structural material according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] (A) is a perspective view showing the composting layer of the wood structural material omitted, and (B) is a perspective view showing a modified number of layers of water-retaining material. [Figure 3] (A) is an elevation view showing an example of a water-retaining body, (B) is an elevation section view, and (C) is an elevation view showing the state before it is fixed to the core material. [Figure 4] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of water-retaining materials in the fire-stopping layer. [Figure 5] (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the water-retaining material being laminated on a support member fixed to a core material, (B) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the water-retaining material being covered on the outside with a covering material and wire mesh, and (C) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the covering material and wire mesh being fixed to the support member. [Figure 6] (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where a receiving member, a covering material, and a wire mesh are fixed to a core material, (B) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where a water retention material is laminated on the fixed receiving member, and (C) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where the covering material and the wire mesh are fixed to the receiving member above the water retention material. [Figure 7] (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a modified example in which a wire mesh is fixed to a core material, and (B) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a modified example in which a water retention material is formed in a gel state.

Embodiment for Implementing the Invention

[0019] Hereinafter, the wooden structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Components indicated by the same reference numerals in each drawing mean the same components. However, unless otherwise specified in the specification, each component is not limited to one, and a plurality of them may exist.

[0020] In addition, the description of configurations and reference numerals that overlap in each drawing may be omitted. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, and modifications can be appropriately made, such as omitting configurations, replacing them with different configurations, or combining one embodiment and various modified examples within the scope of the object of the present disclosure.

[0021] <Wooden Structural Material> The column 10 as the wooden structural material shown in FIG. 1 is a square column, and a fire-resistant structure is applied. The column 10 has a wooden core portion 12 that supports a load and a fire-resistant coating layer 14 that fire-resistant coats the wooden core portion 12.

[0022] (Wooden Core Portion) The wooden core portion 12 is the core material of the column 10 and is formed of a wooden material such as laminated wood. The wooden core portion 12 extends in the material axis direction of the column 10, and its cross-sectional shape is rectangular. This wooden core portion 12 is formed to be able to support the load (long-term load and short-term load) acting on the column 10. The size of the wooden core portion 12 is not particularly limited, but is generally a positive square of 450 mm.

[0023] (Fire-resistant coating layer) The fire-resistant coating layer 14 includes a fire-stopping layer 14A that is arranged on the outer periphery of the wood core 12 and covers the wood core 12, and a burn-through layer 14B that is arranged on the outer periphery of the fire-stopping layer 14A and covers the fire-stopping layer 14A.

[0024] (Fire-stopping layer) The fire-stopping layer 14A is a layer that stops the burning of the combustible layer 14B during a fire (natural extinguishing) and suppresses the burning of the wood core 12. This fire-stopping layer 14A is arranged along the outer circumference of the wood core 12 and covers all four sides of the wood core 12. The thickness of the fire-stopping layer 14A is not particularly limited, but is generally about 75 mm.

[0025] This fire-stopping layer 14A comprises wood material 16, non-combustible material 18, and water-retaining material 20. Of these, the non-combustible material 18 is provided at four locations on the corners of the wood core 12. Meanwhile, the wood material 16 and water-retaining material 20 are arranged alternately on the sides of the wood core 12.

[0026] The wood material 16 is formed from laminated timber or the like, and is joined to the outer surface of the wood core 12 with an adhesive or the like.

[0027] The non-combustible material 18 is formed in an L-shape in plan view by, for example, hardening mortar, grout, or concrete, and has a larger heat capacity than the wood material 16. The non-combustible material 18 can also be formed in an L-shape by assembling gypsum boards.

[0028] As will be explained in more detail later, the water-retaining body 20 holds moisture, and when this moisture evaporates, a cooling effect due to evaporative cooling is obtained.

[0029] (burnt layer) Outside the fire-stopping layer 14A, a woody burn-through layer 14B is provided. The burn-through layer 14B is designed to suppress the penetration of fire heat into the woody core 12 by burning during a fire and forming a carbonized layer (insulating layer).

[0030] The burnable layer 14B is formed from wood-based materials such as laminated timber. The burnable layer 14B is also positioned along the outer perimeter of the fire-stopping layer 14A and completely covers the outer surface of the fire-stopping layer 14A. This burnable layer 14B is bonded to the outer surface of the wood-based material 16 in the fire-stopping layer 14A with an adhesive or the like.

[0031] The thickness of the burnable layer 14B is set appropriately according to the required fire resistance performance (fire resistance time) of the column 10, as well as the burning rate and heat shielding performance of the burnable layer 14B. For this reason, the thickness of the fire-stopping layer 14A is not particularly limited, but is generally set to about 30 mm.

[0032] (Water-retaining material) Figure 2(A) shows a column 10 with the burn-through layer 14B omitted and the fire-stopping layer 14A exposed. The fire-stopping layer 14A is equipped with multiple water-retaining bodies 20. Each water-retaining body 20 is stacked vertically and held on the surface of the wood core 12.

[0033] As shown in Figures 3(A) and (B), the water-retaining body 20 comprises a water-retaining material 22 that retains moisture and an airtight container 24 in which the water-retaining material 22 is sealed.

[0034] The water-retaining material 22 is formed in a sol-like state and impregnated into the nonwoven fabric 22A. As the water-retaining material 22, water-soluble polymers such as glucomannan and CNF (cellulose nanofiber) can be used. The nonwoven fabric 22A can be any base material that can be impregnated with a highly fluid sol; instead of the nonwoven fabric 22A, foamed materials such as sponges or absorbent cotton can be used.

[0035] Inside the container 24, the nonwoven fabric 22A impregnated with the water-retaining material 22 is arranged in layers. As shown in Figure 4, the nonwoven fabric 22A is arranged in layers from the inside to the outside of the fire-stopping layer 14A when the container 24 is held on the surface of the wood core 12.

[0036] The container 24 is airtight and prevents the moisture retained by the water-retaining material 22 from evaporating to the outside under normal conditions (at room temperature when there is no fire, for example, around -20°C to 50°C). The container 24 is formed by appropriately combining materials such as polyester film, aluminum foil, biaxially oriented nylon film, and low-density polyethylene.

[0037] The container 24 is preferably a gusseted bag or the like, as shown in Figure 3(A), so that the nonwoven fabric 22A impregnated with the water-retaining material 22 is held in a layered state. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3(C), the container 24 is preferably designed so that the length of the sealing portion 24A is sufficient for the tacker 30 to be driven in, so that it can be fixed to the wood core 12 using a tacker 30 or the like, as described later. The size of the container 24 is not particularly limited, but with the water-retaining material 22 sealed inside, it is usually about 100 mm wide, 150 mm high, and 70 mm or less thick.

[0038] As shown in Figure 2(A), the outside of the water-retaining bodies 20 (containers 24) stacked vertically is covered with a flame-retardant covering material 26. The covering material 26 is made of non-combustible paper. Non-combustible paper is made of paper that has been given self-extinguishing properties by mixing in, for example, aluminum hydroxide, and is less flammable than ordinary paper.

[0039] The covering material 26 is formed in a strip shape with approximately the same width as the water-retaining body 20, and is provided for each set of water-retaining bodies 20 stacked vertically. The upper and lower ends of the covering material 26 are fixed to the receiving members 32, which will be described later. For the sake of simplicity, only one covering material 26 is shown in Figure 2(A).

[0040] (holding mechanism) The fire-stopping layer 14A is equipped with a retaining mechanism for holding the water-retaining body 20 on the surface of the wood core 12. The retaining mechanism is formed by a stapler 30 (see Figure 3(C)), a receiving member 32, and a wire mesh 34.

[0041] The support member 32 is positioned below the multiple water-retaining bodies 20 stacked vertically and is a horizontal support that supports the load of the water-retaining bodies 20. The support member 32 is made of a non-combustible material such as reinforced gypsum board and is fixed to the wooden core 12 using screws, as shown in Figure 4. The size of the support member 32 is not particularly limited, but is generally about 50 mm in width and 75 mm or less in thickness.

[0042] In Figure 2(A), three water-retaining bodies 20 are stacked on top of one receiving member 32. The number of stacks can be appropriately determined depending on the weight of the water-retaining bodies 20, the presence or absence of staples 30, the strength of the receiving member 32, etc. For example, as shown in Figure 2(B), four or five or more may be stacked.

[0043] The tacker 30 is a stapler that fixes the water-retaining body 20 to the wood core 12, and is provided for each water-retaining body 20. In Figure 4, for the sake of visibility, the penetration depth of the tacker 30 into the wood core 12 is shown as shallow. The tacker 30 penetrates into the wood core 12 to the extent that the seal portion 24A of the container 24, which is pressed by the tacker 30, comes into contact with the wood core 12.

[0044] The wire mesh 34 is made of, for example, stainless steel, covers the outside of the water-retaining body 20, and is fixed to the receiving members 32 above and below the multiple water-retaining bodies 20 that are stacked vertically. The wire mesh 34 is formed in a strip shape with approximately the same width as the water-retaining body 20 and is placed on top of the covering material 26. The type of wire mesh 34 is not particularly limited and may be hexagonal wire mesh or plain weave wire mesh. In addition, the wire mesh 34 can be made with a wire diameter of 0.4 mm and a mesh opening of 16 mm or less.

[0045] (Procedure for fixing the water-retaining material) In order to fix and hold the water-retaining bodies 20 to the surface of the wood core 12, first, as shown in Figure 5(A), the receiving member 32 is fixed to the wood core 12 using screws B1. Then, while stacking the water-retaining bodies 20 on top of the receiving member 32, the containers 24 that make up each water-retaining body 20 are fixed to the wood core 12 with a stapler 30.

[0046] As shown in Figure 5(B), once a predetermined number of water-retaining bodies 20 have been stacked, the receiving member 32 is placed above the stacked water-retaining bodies 20 and fixed to the wooden core 12.

[0047] It is preferable that the receiving member 32 is positioned in contact with the uppermost water-retaining body 20. Alternatively, the receiving member 32 may be positioned to press against the uppermost water-retaining body 20 from above (i.e., to hold multiple water-retaining bodies 20 between the upper and lower receiving members 32).

[0048] Alternatively, both the upper and lower support members 32 can be fixed to the wooden core 12 in advance, and the water-retaining body 20 can be placed in the space enclosed by the left and right wooden members 16 and the upper and lower support members 32.

[0049] Then, the covering material 26 and the wire mesh 34 are fixed to the upper and lower receiving members 32 of the water-retaining body 20 using screws B2.

[0050] It is preferable that the covering material 26 and the wire mesh 34 be fixed tightly along the outer surface of the water-retaining body 20, as shown in Figure 5(C). Washers (not shown) may also be used as needed to prevent the screw heads of screws B2 from passing through the mesh of the wire mesh 34.

[0051] In the example shown in Figure 5, the screw B1 used to fix the receiving member 32 to the wooden core 12 and the screw B2 used to fix the covering material 26 and wire mesh 34 to the receiving member 32 are different screws, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

[0052] For example, as shown in Figures 6(A) to (C), screw B2 may be omitted, and the covering material 26 and wire mesh 34 may be fixed to the receiving member 32 with screw B1. In this case, as shown in Figure 6(A), when fixing the receiving member 32 to the wooden core 12, the covering material 26 and wire mesh 34 are sandwiched between the screw head of screw B1 and the receiving member 32.

[0053] <Mechanism and Effects> In the column 10, which serves as a wooden structural material according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, a stapler 30, a receiving member 32, and a wire mesh 34 are provided as a holding mechanism.

[0054] These retention mechanisms ensure that even if the burnable layer 14B shown in Figure 1 burns away, the fire-stopping layer 14A is retained. Specifically, the water-retaining material 20 is retained on the surface of the woody core 12. This allows for a continuous suppression of temperature rise due to evaporative cooling when the water in the water-retaining material 20 evaporates.

[0055] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2, the fire-stopping layer 14A of the column 10 is equipped with multiple water-retaining bodies 20, and each water-retaining body 20 is stacked vertically and held on the surface of the wood core 12.

[0056] By forming the fire-stopping layer 14A with multiple water-retaining bodies 20 in this way, the water-retaining bodies can be divided into smaller portions, making them easier to handle compared to the case where the fire-stopping layer 14A is formed with a single water-retaining body.

[0057] Furthermore, if the divided water-retaining bodies 20 are stacked vertically to form a fire-stopping layer 14A, each water-retaining body 20 tends to separate and collapse. However, since the water-retaining bodies 20 are held on the surface of the wood core 12 by a holding mechanism (tacker 30, receiving member 32, and wire mesh 34), collapse can be suppressed.

[0058] Furthermore, in the column 10 as a wooden structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the water-retaining body 20 is a water-retaining material 22 that retains moisture, which is sealed in an airtight container 24. This suppresses the evaporation of moisture at all times.

[0059] Furthermore, in the column 10 as a wooden structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, the outside of the container 24 is covered with a flame-retardant covering material 26. Therefore, when the fire-stopping layer 14A is fanned by flames during a fire, it is possible to suppress the immediate burning of the container 24.

[0060] This allows for a longer cooling effect before and after the container 24 ruptures. Specifically, until the container 24 ruptures, heat is absorbed by the warming of the water-retaining material 22, and after the container 24 ruptures, heat can be absorbed by the evaporation of the water-retaining material 22.

[0061] Furthermore, in the column 10 as a wood structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the water-retaining material 22 is formed in a sol-like state and impregnated into a nonwoven fabric 22A arranged in layers from the inside to the outside of the fire-stopping layer 14A.

[0062] If the sol-like water-retaining material 22 is impregnated into the layered nonwoven fabric 22A in this way, it is less likely to leak out immediately when the container 24 burns down, compared to, for example, a low-viscosity liquid being sealed in the container 24 as the water-retaining material. Also, because it carbonizes and detaches in a foil-like manner from the surface side that is fanned by the flames, the water-retaining body 20 is more likely to maintain its shape.

[0063] Furthermore, in the column 10 as a wooden structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, a receiving member 32 is included as a holding mechanism, which is positioned below the water-retaining body 20 and supports the load of the water-retaining body 20.

[0064] By positioning the support member 32 below the water-retaining body 20 in this manner, the support member 32 can support the vertical load of the water-retaining body 20.

[0065] Furthermore, in the column 10 as a wooden structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, a holding mechanism is included, which covers the outside of the water-retaining body 20 and includes a wire mesh 34 fixed to a receiving member 32 made of a non-combustible material above and below the water-retaining body 20.

[0066] The wire mesh 34 on the outside of the water-retaining body 20 is resistant to burning even in the event of a fire. Therefore, even if the container 24 is destroyed by fire, for example, the water-retaining material 22 inside the container 24 can be retained inside the wire mesh 34.

[0067] Furthermore, by fixing the wire mesh 34 to the receiving member 32 made of non-combustible material, heat is less likely to be transferred to the wood core 12 via the wire mesh 34 (the wire mesh 34 acts as a thermal bridge) compared to the case where the wire mesh 34 is fixed to the wood core 12.

[0068] Furthermore, the column 10 as a wooden structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a stapler 30 as a holding mechanism for fixing a plurality of containers 24 to the wooden core 12.

[0069] Since each container 24 is fixed to the wood core 12 with a stapler 30, the water-retaining material is more easily retained on the surface of the wood core 12 compared to a case without such a retaining mechanism.

[0070] Furthermore, in the column 10 as a wooden structural material according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, a non-combustible material 18 is placed at the corners of the wooden core 12. Since the non-combustible material is less likely to evaporate and burn away, its non-combustible performance is less likely to deteriorate even when exposed to flames over time, compared to a configuration in which a water-retaining body 20 is placed at the corners. This ensures that the fire-stopping effect is sustained.

[0071] <Other Embodiments> In the above embodiment, the wire mesh 34 is fixed to the receiving member 32 as shown in Figure 4, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this. For example, as shown in Figure 7(A), the wire mesh 34 may be fixed to the wood core 12.

[0072] When fixing the wire mesh 34 to the wooden core 12, the receiving member 32 can be omitted. Also, regardless of whether the wire mesh 34 is fixed to the receiving member 32 or to the wooden core 12, the stapler 30 (Figure 4) used to fix the container 24 to the wooden core 12 can be omitted.

[0073] Alternatively, a stapler 30 may be provided, and the receiving member 32 and wire mesh 34 may be omitted. In the present invention, the holding mechanism may consist of, for example, a stapler 30, a receiving member 32, and a wire mesh 34.

[0074] Furthermore, the retaining mechanism is not particularly limited in its configuration as long as it holds the water-retaining body 20 on the surface of the woody core 12; for example, it could be an adhesive that adheres the container 24 to the surface of the woody core 12.

[0075] Furthermore, if the structure includes a water-retaining body 20 on the side surface of the wood core 12 and a non-combustible material 18 at the corners of the wood core 12, then such a retaining mechanism may be omitted.

[0076] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 3(B), the water-retaining material 22 is formed in a sol-like state and impregnated into the nonwoven fabric 22A arranged in layers, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

[0077] For example, a gel-like material, such as the water-retaining material 28 shown in Figure 7, which has lower fluidity and is solid compared to a sol, may be used. According to this embodiment, a state of low fluidity is maintained even without forming the water-retaining material in layers, so it is less likely to leak out immediately when the container 24 is burned down.

[0078] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the airtight container 24 and the flame-retardant covering material 26 are formed from separate components, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

[0079] For example, the container 24 may be formed using a sheet material in which a material for forming the covering material 26 is layered and integrated with the material for forming the container 24. In this way, the present invention can be implemented in various forms. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0080] 10 pillars (wooden structural material) 12. Wood core (core material) 14A Fire-stopping layer 14B Burned layer 16 Wood materials 18 Noncombustible materials 20 Water-retaining material 22 Water-retaining material 22A Non-woven fabric 24 Container 26 Covering material 28 Water-retaining material 30 Tucker 32 Receiving member 34 Wire mesh

Claims

1. The core material of the column is made of wood material, A fire-stopping layer is arranged on the outer circumference of the core material, The fire-stopping layer is disposed on the outer periphery of the fire-stopping layer and comprises a burn-out layer made of wood material, The aforementioned fire-stopping layer is A water-retaining body that holds moisture is placed on the side of the core material, Non-combustible material placed at the corners of the core material, It is equipped with Wooden structural material.

2. The fire-stopping layer comprises a plurality of the water-retaining bodies. Each of the water-retaining bodies is held on the surface of the core material in a state where they are stacked vertically. The wood structural material according to claim 1.

3. The water-retaining body is A water-retaining material that retains moisture, A container in which the aforementioned water-retaining material is sealed and which is airtight, A covering material having flame-retardant properties covers the outside of the container, It is equipped with The wood structural material according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The aforementioned water-retaining material is It is formed in a gel-like state, or It is formed in a sol-like state and impregnated into a nonwoven fabric arranged in layers from the inside to the outside of the fire-stopping layer. The wood structural material according to claim 3.

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