Systems and methods for sensor tamper detection

Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus for sensor tamper detection are provided. The aftertreatment system includes a first flow path including a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, a first dosing device, and a first NOx sensor; a second flow path including a second SCR system, a second dosing device, and a second NOx sensor; and a controller. The controller determines satisfaction of an enabling condition. The controller dosing reductant to the first and second SCR systems. The controller determines NOx values ​​for the first and second SCR systems. The controller adjusts the dosing of the first SCR system over a period of time. The controller measures the NOx values ​​for the first and second SCR systems. The controller determines a difference between a third NOx value and the first NOx value and a difference between a fourth NOx value and the second NOx value. The controller generates an indication of whether the first NOx sensor is displaced.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 145,649, filed December 22, 2022, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application relates generally to aftertreatment systems, and more particularly to an aftertreatment system for detecting sensor tampering therein. [Background technology]

[0003] Internal combustion engines such as diesel engines emit nitrogen oxides (NO x ) compounds in the exhaust. For example, to comply with environmental regulations, x It is desirable to reduce emissions. NO x To reduce emissions, a reducing agent can be injected into the exhaust gas by an injection system in the aftertreatment system. The reducing agent cooperates with the catalyst of the catalytic member to convert a portion of the exhaust gas into non-NOx compounds such as nitrogen (N), carbon dioxide (CO), and water (HO). x promotes the conversion of NO into excreta x In some applications, exhaust compounds may also be filtered or removed by one or more catalytic components located in the aftertreatment system (e.g., a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) component, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst component, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) component, an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst component, etc.). Summary of the Invention

[0004] A particular aftertreatment system may include multiple flow paths for reducing exhaust byproducts in exhaust gases generated from an internal combustion engine. Each flow path in the aftertreatment system may have one or more components for reducing exhaust byproducts, such as a catalyst member (e.g., an SCR catalyst member, a DOC member, etc.), a filter (e.g., a DPF member, etc.), etc. Each flow path may be configured to filter NOx at various locations in the aftertreatment system. xconfigured to sense NO x For example, a NO sensor located downstream of the SCR catalyst member. x The sensor detects NO downstream of the SCR catalyst member (or SCR system). x value (e.g. NO x It is used to measure the amount of x The value can be used to adjust or calibrate the reductant dosage in an SCR system.

[0005] However, some users, e.g., NO x It is possible to tamper with the aftertreatment system by moving the sensor from one flow path to another. Such sensor tampering can be difficult to detect while the aftertreatment system is in operation (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) and could potentially result in incorrect reductant dosing and / or NOx in the tailpipe. x The systems, methods, and devices described herein may be used with sensors (e.g., NO x The system and method of the technical solution allows for the detection of sensor tampering, such as displacement / misplacement of the ammonia vs. NO x ANR (e.g., NO x Disable the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO x The system is configured to identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or lack thereof) in the measurement. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor in the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify an operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby reducing potential NO x Slippage can be minimized, allowing aftertreatment systems to comply with environmental regulations.

[0006] In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system includes a first flow path including a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and a first dosing device. The aftertreatment system includes a second flow path including a second SCR system and a second dosing device. The aftertreatment system includes a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured to dosing reductant to the first SCR system using the first dosing device and to the second SCR system using the second dosing device. In response to the dosing, the controller controls a first NO 2 associated with the first flow path. x First NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x Determine the second NO value associated with the second flow path x Second NO of the second SCR system based on readings from the sensor x The controller is configured to determine a first NO value. x Value and second NO x The controller is configured to adjust the application of the first SCR system for a first period of time in response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold. At the end of the second period of time after adjusting the application of the first SCR system, the controller adjusts the application of the first NO x The third NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x Measure the second NO value x The fourth NO of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor x The controller is configured to measure a third NO value. x Value and first NO x The controller is configured to determine a first difference between a fourth NO value and a fourth NO value. x Value and second NO x and determining a second difference between the first and second NO values. The controller determines a second NO value based on the first and second differences. x The sensor is configured to generate an indication as to whether it is displaced.

[0007] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to: x Sensor and second NO x In some embodiments, the controller is configured to determine that the sensor is not displaced. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to generate a first NO signal in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold. x Sensor and second NO x The sensor is configured to determine that it is not displaced.

[0008] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to: x In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to the bed temperatures of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

[0009] In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions include an engine-out NO of each of the first flow path and the second flow path. x In some embodiments, the first period is satisfied in response to the first NO value being greater than a second predetermined threshold. x Based on the time required for a value to change by a given percentage.

[0010] In some embodiments, after determining that the first difference is greater than the second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than the third predetermined threshold, the controller is further configured to adjust the input of the first SCR system for a third time period greater than adjusting the input of the first SCR system for the first time period. At the end of a fourth time period after adjusting the input of the first SCR system for the third time period, the controller x No. 5 NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor xMeasure the second NO value x No. 6 NO of the second SCR system based on readings from the sensor x The controller is configured to measure a fifth NO value. x Value and first NO x The controller is configured to determine a third difference between the sixth NO x Value and second NO x and determining a fourth difference between the second NO value and the third NO value based on the third difference and the fourth difference. x The sensor is configured to generate an indication as to whether it is displaced.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by a controller, satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the method includes injecting, by the controller, reductant into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of the first flow path using a first injector and into a second SCR system of the second flow path using a second injector. The method further includes, in response to the injecting, discharging, by the controller, a first NO 2 associated with the first flow path. x First NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x determining a second NO value associated with the second flow path; x Second NO of the second SCR system based on readings from the sensor x and determining, by the controller, a first NO value. x Value and second NO x and adjusting, for a first period of time, the application of the first SCR system in response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold. At the end of the second period of time after adjusting the application of the first SCR system, the method includes adjusting, by the controller, the application of the first NO x The third NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x Measuring the value and the second NO x The fourth NO of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor xand measuring a third NO value. x Value and first NO x The method includes determining, by the controller, a first difference between the fourth NO value and the fourth NO value. x Value and second NO x and determining, by the controller, a second difference between the first and second values. x Producing an indication as to whether the sensor is displaced.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: controlling, by the controller, the first NO in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than a second predetermined threshold. x Sensor and second NO x In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the controller, that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, and determining that the sensor is not displaced. x Sensor and second NO x Determining that the sensor is not displaced.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the controller, that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, x In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to the bed temperatures of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

[0014] In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions include an engine-out NO of each of the first flow path and the second flow path. x In some embodiments, the first period is satisfied in response to the first NO value being greater than a second predetermined threshold. x Based on the time required for a value to change by a given percentage.

[0015] In some embodiments, the controller comprises one or more processors, the controller comprising one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more memory devices, when executed by the one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to: determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; inject reductant into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of a first flow path using a first injector and into a second SCR system of a second flow path using a second injector in response to the satisfying of the one or more enabling conditions; and in response to the injecting, generate a first NO 2 concentration associated with the first flow path. x First NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x value, and the second NO x Second NO of the second SCR system based on readings from the sensor x and measuring the first NO value at the end of the second period after adjusting the introduction of the first SCR system. x The third NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x value, and the second NO x The fourth NO of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor x Measuring the value and the third NO x Value and first NO x determining a first difference between the values ​​and a fourth NO x Value and second NO x determining a second difference between the values ​​of the second NO based on the first difference and the second difference; x generating an indication as to whether the sensor is displaced; and storing instructions to cause the sensor to:

[0016] In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: x Sensor and second NO xIn some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: x Sensor and second NO x The sensor is determined to be not displaced.

[0017] In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: x The sensor is determined to be displaced.

[0018] In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to the bed temperatures of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to the bed temperatures of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold. x The condition is satisfied in response to the value being greater than a second predetermined threshold. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims.

[0020] It will be appreciated that some or all of the drawings are schematic for illustrative purposes, provided for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments, with the express understanding that they are not used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of an engine exhaust aftertreatment system coupled to a controller. [Figure 2]FIG. 2 is an example flow diagram outlining a diagnostic process performed by the controller of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] 2 is an exemplary graph illustrating healthy aftertreatment system behavior during an ammonia-to-NOx ratio (ANR) override in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1; [Figure 4] 10 is an exemplary graph illustrating the behavior of an aftertreatment system with a tampered sensor during an ANR override in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1. [Figure 5] 2 is an exemplary graph illustrating healthy aftertreatment system behavior during ANR override in an aftertreatment system using the NOx values ​​of FIG. 1; [Figure 6] 2 is an exemplary graph illustrating the behavior of an aftertreatment system with a tampered sensor during an ANR override in an aftertreatment system using the NOx values ​​of FIG. 1. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is an exemplary process flow diagram of a method for detecting sensor tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is an example process flow diagram of a method for performing the example sensor tamper detection of FIG. 7. [Figure 8-1] FIG. 8 is an example process flow diagram of a method for performing the example sensor tamper detection of FIG. 7. [Figure 9] 9 is an exemplary graph illustrating a first diagnostic case for implementing the method of FIGS. 7 and 8. [Figure 10] 9 is an exemplary graph illustrating a second diagnostic case for implementing the method of FIGS. 7 and 8. [Figure 11] 9 is an exemplary graph illustrating a third diagnostic case implementing the method of FIGS. 7 and 8. [Figure 12] 9 is another exemplary graph illustrating a fourth diagnostic case implementing the method of FIGS. 7 and 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] Below is a more detailed description of various concepts related to methods, apparatus, and systems for detecting sensor tampering in an aftertreatment system, and embodiments thereof. The various concepts introduced above and described in more detail below may be implemented in any of several ways, as the described concepts are not limited to any particular implementation method. Examples of specific embodiments and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0023] I. <Overview> An internal combustion engine (e.g., a diesel internal combustion engine) produces exhaust (sometimes called exhaust gas). Depending on the fuel consumed by the internal combustion engine, the exhaust may contain different by-products (e.g., NO x The exhaust by-products may include NO, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), etc. The exhaust by-products are measured or sensed by one or more sensors in the aftertreatment system, which may measure, for example, the density, volume, parts per million (ppm) of the exhaust, etc. The aftertreatment system may be coupled to the engine, such as being connected via an exhaust pipe from the engine. For simplicity, the examples herein will focus on NO as an exhaust by-product. x The sensor can provide NO downstream of the engine (e.g., anywhere along the exhaust pipe). x configured to sense the emission of NO x The example described is a NO x Measuring by-products NO x Although the present invention includes a sensor, the described system can be applied to other sensors.

[0024] Exhaust by-products can be reduced by one or more aftertreatment components of the engine system, including an aftertreatment system, such as a DOC member or an SCR catalyst member, among other types of catalysts. The aftertreatment system can include multiple flow paths. For simplicity, the examples herein provide an aftertreatment system including two flow paths, but the aftertreatment system can include more than two flow paths with respective components for reducing exhaust by-products. For example, exhaust can flow through or traverse the aftertreatment system via a first flow path and a second flow path. The catalyst member (e.g., an SCR catalyst member, a DOC member, etc.) in each flow path can promote a chemical reaction of the by-products and a reductant to reduce or minimize emissions from the tailpipe of the engine system. For simplicity, the examples herein can provide an SCR catalyst member or a DOC member as the catalyst member of the aftertreatment system. Each flow path of the aftertreatment system can be doped with ammonia (NH3) (e.g., a reductant) to reduce exhaust by-products. The doping amount of the reductant is determined by the NOx of the respective flow path. x NO from the sensor x It may be based on measurements (and / or other factors such as the exhaust gas mass flow rate of the exhaust gas).

[0025] However, some users may wish to potentially change (e.g., reduce) the reductant dosage during operation of the aftertreatment system, e.g., NO x Sometimes aftertreatment systems are tampered with by moving the sensor from one flow path to another. In these cases, it is difficult to detect sensor tampering while the aftertreatment system is operating, given that sensor readings are still captured, thereby resulting in incorrect reductant dosing and / or NO in the tailpipe. x This may lead to slipping.

[0026] The systems, methods, and devices described herein may include sensors (e.g., NO xThe sensor tampering, sensor displacement, sensor misplacement, or similar terms are used interchangeably herein and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. x This indicates removing the sensor from one flow path (e.g., completely removing it or moving it to another flow path). In various embodiments, the systems and methods of the technical solutions include a controller (e.g., a computing device or a data processing system) configured to perform the features or functions described herein for sensor tamper detection. The controller includes at least one processor coupled to at least one memory. For example, the controller determines satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller injects reductant into the first SCR system using a first injector and into the second SCR system using a second injector. In response to the injection, the controller injects a first NO x First NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x Determine the value of the second NO x Second NO of the second SCR system based on readings from the sensor x The controller determines the value of the first NO x Value and second NO x In response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the controller stops dosing the first SCR system for a first period of time. At the end of a second period of time after stopping dosing the first SCR system, the controller x The third NO of the first SCR system based on readings from the sensor x Measure the second NO value x The fourth NO of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor x The controller measures the third NO x Value and first NO x The controller determines a first difference between the fourth NO x Value and second NO xand determining a second difference between the first NO value and the second NO value. x An indication is generated as to whether the sensor is displaced.

[0027] Through these features, the embodiments described herein provide a NOx reduction system within the aftertreatment system. x Sensor tampering can be detected, so that an operator and / or service technician can be notified to address the misplacement of the sensor. As a result, the embodiments described herein can reduce NOx downstream of the SCR system caused by tampering with the system. x This reduces slippage and allows aftertreatment systems to comply with environmental regulations.

[0028] II. <Overview of Sensor Tamper Detection> Referring generally to the drawings, various embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, devices, and methods for detecting sensor tampering. x Aftertreatment systems to reduce harmful NOx present in exhaust gases (e.g., soot) x SCR systems utilize a two-stage process to reduce emissions, or include a DOC element to filter or oxidize hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, or unburned fuel and oil. Referring to SCR, first, an injector injects a reductant into the exhaust stream. This reductant may be urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), AdBlue®, urea in water (UWS), urea water solution (e.g., AUS32), or another similar fluid. After injection, the reductant can break down into NH3. This mixture then passes through an SCR catalyst element, which, when at a certain temperature, converts harmful NOx into NH3. x This causes a reaction in the mixture that converts the particulates into pure nitrogen and water. During operation, the undecomposed reductant and unreacted ammonia are stored within the catalytic element (e.g., the SCR catalytic element) and are converted into exhaust products (e.g., NO x It may react chemically with particles.

[0029] NOx The sensor measures NOx emissions at various locations within the aftertreatment system. x The amount of (e.g., NO x It can be used to measure at least one NO x The sensor measures the NO entering the SCR system x The SCR system may be positioned upstream (e.g., at the inlet or before) to measure the amount of at least one NO x The sensor is located downstream of the SCR system (e.g., at the outlet or after) and measures NO that has passed through the SCR system and remains or slips (e.g., has not been converted to pure nitrogen and water). x The amount of NO can be measured. x The values ​​can be used to adjust the dosage of reductant to increase the conversion efficiency of the SCR system (e.g., upstream NO x Value and downstream NO x However, the difference between the NO x In a tampered system where the sensor has been left behind or moved to another flow path, the injection of reductant may result in NO x For simplicity and the examples described herein, the tampering is limited to the NO downstream of the SCR system in one of the flow paths. x It can be assumed that the tampering is directed at the NO sensor located downstream of each SCR system. x This can include displacing the sensor from the first flow path to the second flow path, or vice versa.

[0030] Therefore, the potential NO from the SCR system x To minimize slippage and maintain compliance with environmental regulations, the systems and methods described herein may perform operations to detect sensor tampering in aftertreatment systems. For example, the systems and methods may detect sensor readings (e.g., NO 2 ) in response to changes in reductant input. xANR override can be performed to monitor the characteristics of the NO x Sensors (e.g., first and second NO sensors) are expected to be placed in the respective flow paths. x The sensor allows detection whether the two sensors are located in the respective flow paths or alternatively in the same flow path of the aftertreatment system.

[0031] Referring now to FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram of a system 10 having a controller 100 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The system 10 includes an internal combustion engine 20 (hereinafter referred to as the “engine”) coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment system 22 in exhaust gas receiving communication with the engine. As shown, the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 is comprised of multiple flow paths (e.g., a first flow path 22A and a second flow path 22B), each flow path comprising one or more respective components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. While two flow paths are shown and described herein for illustrative purposes, the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 may include three or more flow paths comprising additional components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. The controller 100 is coupled to or in communication with the system 10 along with an operator input / output (I / O) device 120. The system 10 may be embodied within a vehicle. Vehicles may include on-road or off-road vehicles, including, but not limited to, linehaul trucks, mid-range trucks (e.g., pickup trucks), automobiles, boats, tanks, airplanes, locomotives, mining equipment, and any other type of vehicle. Vehicles may include a transmission, a fuel delivery system, one or more additional vehicle subsystems, etc. In this regard, vehicles may include additional, fewer, and / or different components / systems, and thus, it is intended that the principles, methods, systems, apparatus, processes, etc. of the present disclosure be applicable to any other vehicle configuration. It should also be understood that the principles of the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to vehicles; rather, the present disclosure is also applicable to stationary pieces of equipment, such as generators or generating sets.

[0032] Engine 20 may be a compression-ignition internal combustion engine that utilizes diesel fuel. In various other embodiments, engine 20 may be configured as any other type of engine (e.g., spark-ignition) that utilizes any type of fuel (e.g., gasoline, natural gas, etc.). In some embodiments, the vehicle may be another type of vehicle, such as a hybrid vehicle that includes one or more electric motors, a fuel cell vehicle, etc. Thus, while engine 20 is configured herein as a diesel-powered internal combustion engine, other embodiments are considered within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0033] Within the internal combustion engine 20, air from the atmosphere is combined with fuel and combusted to power the engine. The combustion of fuel and air within the compression chamber of the engine 20 produces exhaust gases that are operatively discharged to an exhaust manifold (not shown) and an aftertreatment system 22.

[0034] Each flow path (e.g., first flow path 22A and second flow path 22B) of exhaust aftertreatment system 22 includes a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) member 30, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) member 40, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system 52 having an SCR catalyst member 50, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst member 60. First flow path 22A includes DOC member 30A, DPF member 40A, an SCR system 52A having a first SCR catalyst member 50A, and an AMOx catalyst member 60A. Second flow path 22B includes DOC member 30B, DPF member 40B, an SCR system 52B having a second SCR catalyst member 50B, and an AMOx catalyst member 60B. For simplicity, the components of each flow path described herein may be generally labeled, for example, as the DOC member 30, the DPF member 40, the SCR system 52 with its respective SCR catalyst member 50, and the AMOx catalyst member 60 associated with each first flow path 22A or second flow path 22B.

[0035] The exhaust aftertreatment system 22 further includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 70. The SCR systems 52A and 52B of each flow path further include a reductant supply system having reductant sources 54 A-B (e.g., reductant sources 54 of the flow paths) that supply reductant via reductant lines 58 A-B to reductant inlets 56 A-B (e.g., commonly referred to as inlets 56 for the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B), respectively.

[0036] In an exhaust flow direction as indicated by directional arrow 29, exhaust gas flows from the engine 20 into the inlet pipe 24 of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. From the inlet pipe 24, in a first flow path 22A, the exhaust gas flows into the DOC element 30, exits the DOC element 30, and enters a first section of the exhaust pipe 28A. The exhaust gas flows from the first portion of the exhaust pipe 28A into the DPF element 40, exits the DPF element 40, and enters a second portion of the exhaust pipe 28B. The exhaust gas flows from the second portion of the exhaust pipe 28B into the SCR catalyst element 50, exits the SCR catalyst element 50, and enters a third portion of the exhaust pipe 28C. As the exhaust gas flows through the second section of the exhaust pipe 28B, a reducing agent is periodically injected by the reducing agent injection device 56. Thus, the second portion of the exhaust pipe 28B functions as a decomposition chamber or tube to facilitate the decomposition of the reducing agent into ammonia. The exhaust gases enter the AMOx catalyst element 60 from the third section of exhaust line 28C, exit the AMOx catalyst element 60, and enter outlet line 26, after which the exhaust gases are discharged from the aftertreatment system 22. Similarly, in the second flow path 22B, the exhaust gases enter outlet line 26 through lines 28D-28F, which pass through various components within second flow path 22B.

[0037] Based on the above, in the illustrated embodiment, the DOC member 30 (e.g., DOC member 30A or DOC member 30B) is positioned upstream of the DPF member 40 (e.g., DPF member 40A or DPF member 40B) and the SCR catalyst member 50 (e.g., SCR catalyst member 50A or SCR catalyst member 50B), and the SCR catalyst member 50 (e.g., SCR catalyst member 50A or SCR catalyst member 50B) is positioned downstream of the DPF member 40 (e.g., DPF member 40A or DPF member 40B) and upstream of the AMOx catalyst member 60 (e.g., AMOx catalyst member 60A or AMOx catalyst member 60B). However, in alternative embodiments, other arrangements of the components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 are possible. Furthermore, for simplicity, the components of one flow path of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 may be similar to another flow path. Alternatively, one or more components or arrangement of components of the first flow path 22A may be different from that of the second flow path 22B.

[0038] The DOC element 30 may be configured to have any number of different types of flow-through designs. The DOC element 30 may be configured to oxidize at least a portion of the particulate matter in the exhaust (e.g., the soluble organic fraction of soot) and reduce unburned hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust to compounds that are not harmful to the environment. For example, the DOC element 30 may be configured to reduce the concentration of hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust to meet required emission standards for those components of the exhaust. An indirect consequence of the oxidation capability of the DOC element 30 is its ability to oxidize NO to NO2. In this way, the level of NO2 exiting the DOC element 30 is equal to the NO2 in the exhaust produced by the engine 20 in addition to the NO2 converted from NO by the DOC element 30.

[0039] In addition to treating hydrocarbon and CO concentrations in the exhaust, the DOC member 30 can also be used for the controlled regeneration of the DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and AMOx catalyst member 60. This can be achieved by injection or injection of unburned HCs into the exhaust upstream of the DOC member 30. Upon contact with the DOC member 30, the unburned HCs undergo an exothermic oxidation reaction that results in an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the DOC member 30 and subsequently entering the DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and / or AMOx catalyst member 60. The amount of unburned HCs added to the exhaust is selected to achieve a desired temperature increase or target controlled regeneration temperature.

[0040] The DPF element 40 may be any of a variety of flow-through designs and is configured to reduce particulate matter concentrations (e.g., soot and ash) in the exhaust to meet required emission standards. The DPF element 40 traps particulate matter and other components and, therefore, may be periodically regenerated to burn the trapped components. Additionally, the DPF element 40 may be configured to oxidize NO to form NO2 independently of the DOC element 30.

[0041] As described above, the SCR system 52 includes a reductant supply system. The reductant supply system includes a reductant source 54, a pump (not shown), and a dosing mechanism 56 (e.g., sometimes referred to as a delivery mechanism 56). The reductant source 54 may be a container or tank capable of holding a reductant. The reductant source 54 is in communication with a pump configured to pump the reductant from the reductant source 54 through a reductant supply line 58 to the delivery mechanism 56. The delivery mechanism 56 is disposed upstream of the SCR catalyst member 50. The delivery mechanism 56 is selectively controllable to inject the reductant directly into the exhaust stream before it enters the SCR catalyst member 50. As described herein, the controller 100 controls the NOx delivery mechanism upstream of the SCR system 52. x NO measured by sensor 12 xThe SCR catalyst member 50 is configured to control the timing and amount of reductant delivered to the exhaust, such as based on the amount of NO. The reductant can decompose to produce ammonia. As briefly discussed above, ammonia can be used to convert NO in the presence of the SCR catalyst member 50. x and responded, NO x to less harmful emissions such as N2 and H2O. x includes NO2 and NO. Both NO2 and NO are reduced to N2 and H2O in the presence of NH3 through various chemical reactions driven by the catalytic elements of the SCR catalyst member.

[0042] In some embodiments, the controller 100 controls the ratio of ammonia to NO x The delivery mechanism 56 is configured to control the delivery mechanism 56 to deliver the reducing agent according to the ratio (ANR). x Content (e.g., engine out NO x ) increases, the controller 100 can control the delivery mechanism 56 to increase (or maintain) the dosage of the reducing agent to meet / satisfy the ANR. x As the content decreases, the controller 100 can control the supply mechanism 56 to decrease (or maintain) the amount of reductant dosage to meet the ANR. The controller 100 is configured to disable the ANR to adjust the amount of reductant dosage administered to the exhaust stream. Decreasing the ANR corresponds to decreasing the amount of reductant dosage, and increasing the ANR corresponds to increasing the amount of reductant dosage. For simplicity and purposes of the examples herein, the NO associated with the ANR will be described. x The amount of NO at the engine outlet (e.g., engine 20 outlet) x In some other examples, the aftertreatment system 22 may include a NO sensor upstream of the DOC member 30 in the flow path. x These NO sensors may include x NO from sensor 12 x The measurements can be used to determine the ANR associated with each flow path.

[0043] In some embodiments, the SCR catalyst member 50 is a vanadium-based catalyst member, and in other embodiments, the SCR catalyst member is a zeolite-based catalyst member, such as a copper-zeolite (Cu-Ze) or iron-zeolite (Fe-Zu) catalyst member. In one exemplary embodiment, the reducing agent is an aqueous urea solution, and the SCR catalyst member 50 is a zeolite-based catalyst member. In other embodiments, the reducing agent includes a first reducing agent and a second reducing agent, where the first reducing agent is urea and the second reducing agent is ammonia.

[0044] The AMOx catalyst member 60 may be any of a variety of flow-through catalyst members configured to react with ammonia to produce primarily nitrogen. As briefly discussed above, the AMOx catalyst member 60 reacts with NO in the exhaust gas to produce x The AMOx catalyst member 60 is configured to remove ammonia that has slipped through or exited the SCR catalyst member 50 without reacting with the SCR catalyst member 60. In certain examples, the aftertreatment system 22 may be operable with or without an AMOx catalyst member. Additionally, although the AMOx catalyst member 60 is shown in FIG. 1 as a separate unit from the SCR system 52, in some embodiments, the AMOx catalyst member may be integrated with the SCR catalyst member (e.g., the AMOx catalyst member and the SCR catalyst member may be located within the same housing). As referred to herein, the SCR catalyst member 50 and the AMOx catalyst member 60 form an SCR and AMOx system.

[0045] The system 10 (e.g., the aftertreatment system 22) includes various sensors. For example, the aftertreatment system 22 may include a NO x The aftertreatment system 22 includes a sensor 12. The aftertreatment system 22 includes a temperature sensor 14. The aftertreatment system 22 includes a pressure sensor 16. The sensors may be strategically positioned throughout the aftertreatment system 22, such as upstream of, at, or downstream of one or more catalysts (e.g., DOC member 30, DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and / or AMOx catalyst member 60). The sensors may be configured to communicate with the controller 100 and monitor the operating conditions of the system 10. One or more NO xIt should be understood that pressure, temperature, and various other sensors (oxygen sensors, exhaust constituent sensors, NH3 sensors) may also be included in the system and located at various locations.

[0046] As shown, NO x The sensor 12 may be located upstream and downstream of a catalyst member, including an SCR catalyst member 50 or an AMOx catalyst member 60. In this configuration, NO x The sensor 12 measures at least the NO entering the SCR system 52. x and the amount of NO remaining in the exhaust gas or not converted by the SCR system 52. x (For example, NO that has passed through the SCR catalyst member 50 x The amount of NO 2 upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 can be measured. x The difference in the amounts represents or corresponds to the conversion efficiency of each flow path. For example, the NO 2 x The difference in the amount corresponds to the conversion efficiency of the first flow path 22A. x The difference in the amount of NO corresponds to the conversion efficiency of the second flow path 22B. For simplicity, and for purposes of the examples herein, the flow split (mass flow rate) of the exhaust gas across the first and second flow paths 22A and 22B and the NO x Therefore, for simplicity and for purposes of the examples herein, the relatively high NO 2 content measured downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 will be used. x The content / amount corresponds to a relatively low conversion efficiency and a relatively low NO measured downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50. x The content corresponds to a relatively high conversion efficiency for each channel.

[0047] In some configurations, one NO x Sensor 12 detects NO from the engine x Measure another NO x The sensor 12 detects the inlet NO x This is because the DOC element 30 / DPF element 40 measures the amount of NO emitted from the engine. xmay oxidize some of the NO emitted by the engine. x The amount of the SCR catalyst member 50 inlet NO x This configuration therefore accounts for this potential discrepancy. x The amount of NO downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 x NO downstream of the sensor 12 and / or the AMOx catalyst member 60 x It may be measured by the sensor 12. x Sensor 12 (in some embodiments, NO x The sensor 12 is positioned downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 and measures NO in the exhaust downstream of the SCR catalyst member (e.g., exiting the SCR catalyst member). x The device is configured to detect the concentration of NO. x Measurements from the sensor 12 (e.g., measured NO x data) is the NO flow through each flow path of the aftertreatment system 22 x Used by the controller 100 to determine the conversion efficiency. x The conversion efficiency is determined by the NO reduction across one or more components of the aftertreatment system 22. x Corresponding to the amount of NO x The sensor 12 is shown at the outlet of the engine 20, x A sensor 12 may be provided in each flow path upstream of the respective DOC element 30 or DPF element 40 .

[0048] In some embodiments, NO x The sensor 12 may be moved from one flow path to another, such as from the first flow path 22A to the second flow path 22B, or from the second flow path 22B to the first flow path 22A. For simplicity and purposes of the examples herein, the NO 2 sensor 12 may be moved ... x The sensor 12 may be moved from one flow path to another. x In such a configuration where the sensors 12 are located in relatively similar locations, the conversion efficiency (e.g., NO 2 downstream from the SCR catalyst member 50)x The NO content (related to the NO content) may be calculated or measured inaccurately for at least one of the flow paths. For example, the first NO content of the first flow path 22A may be calculated or measured inaccurately for at least one of the flow paths. x The sensor is moved to the second flow path 22B (the second NO x If the first NO 2 expected to be in the first flow path 22A is in the first flow path 22B, the conversion efficiency that would be calculated for both flow paths can be calculated only for the second flow path. x sensor and a second NO expected to be present in the second flow path 22B. x Measurement data from the sensor is provided to the controller 100 to determine if the sensor is misplaced / displaced.

[0049] Temperature sensors 14 are associated with one or more catalyst members and are strategically positioned to detect the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the DOC member 30 (e.g., the temperature of the exhaust conduit upstream of the catalyst member), the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the DOC member 30 (e.g., the temperature of the exhaust conduit downstream of the catalyst member), the temperature of the exhaust gas entering another catalyst member (e.g., the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the DPF member 40 from the DOC member 30), and the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the DPF member 40 before the reductant is injected by the injector 56. In some embodiments, at least one temperature sensor 14 may be configured as part of the catalyst member itself, thereby directly measuring the bed temperature of the catalyst member.

[0050] The EGR system 70 is configured to recirculate exhaust gas into the intake manifold of the engine 20 for use in combustion. The EGR system 70 includes an EGR cooler 74 and an EGR valve 76. In some applications, the EGR cooler 74 may be, for example, an air-to-air and / or liquid (e.g., coolant)-to-air (e.g., exhaust) heat exchanger. The EGR cooler 74 is configured to remove heat from the exhaust gas before it is reintroduced into the intake manifold. Removing heat from the exhaust gas before reintroduction is to prevent, among other reasons, high intake air temperatures that may promote pre-ignition (e.g., engine knock).

[0051] Although the illustrated exhaust aftertreatment system 22 includes a DOC member 30, a DPF member 40, an SCR catalyst member 50, and an AMOx catalyst member 60 arranged at specific positions relative to one another along the exhaust flow path, in other embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system may include two or more of any of the DOC member 30, the DPF member 40, the SCR catalyst member 50, and the AMOx catalyst member 60 arranged at any of a variety of positions relative to one another along the exhaust flow path.

[0052] FIG. 1 is also shown to include operator input / output (I / O) devices 120. The operator I / O devices 120 are communicatively coupled to the controller 100 such that information can be exchanged between the controller 100 and the I / O devices 120. The information exchanged between the controller 100 and the I / O devices 120 may relate to one or more components of FIG. 1 or any of the decisions of the controller 100 disclosed herein. The operator I / O devices 120 enable a vehicle operator (e.g., a passenger, etc.) to communicate with the controller 100 and other components of the vehicle such as those shown in FIG. 1. For example, the operator I / O devices 120 may include an interactive display, a touchscreen device, one or more buttons and switches, a voice command receiver, etc. In some cases, the I / O devices 120 may be part of the vehicle, including the engine 20 and the aftertreatment system 22. In some other cases, the I / O devices 120 may be remote devices accessible by an operator, such as via a client device. In some aspects, the I / O device 120 may be a server that receives data from the vehicle's controller 100 .

[0053] The controller 100 is configured to monitor operations, conditions, or events within the system 10 (e.g., components of the aftertreatment system 22). The controller 100 is configured to at least partially control the operation of the system 10 and associated subsystems, such as the internal combustion engine 20 and the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. Communication between the components may be via any number of wired or wireless connections. For example, a wired connection may include a serial cable, a fiber optic cable, a CAT5 cable, or any other form of wired connection. In contrast, a wireless connection may include the Internet, Wi-Fi, cellular, radio, Bluetooth, etc. In one embodiment, a controller area network ("CAN") bus provides for the exchange of signals, information, and / or data. A CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections. Because the controller 100 is communicatively coupled to the systems and components of FIG. 1 , the controller 100 is configured to receive data from one or more of the components shown in FIG. 1 . For example, the data may include a NO x data (e.g., NO upstream of the DOC component 30 or SCR catalyst component 50) x Inflow NO from sensor 12 x amount of NO downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 x NO outflow from sensor 12 x The data may include input from the operator input / output device 120. As another example, the data may include input from the operator input / output device 120. As described more fully herein, the controller 100 monitors the multi-stream aftertreatment system 22 to determine the amount of NO from one stream. x The sensor 12 is displaced to another flow path (e.g., the user has selected at least one NO x tampering with the sensor 12) to determine whether an incorrect calculation of the conversion efficiency downstream of the SCR system 52 or NO x Reducing agent slip or NO content measurement xTo minimize slippage, NO x Detects misplacement of sensor 12.

[0054] The controller 100 includes processing circuitry, including a processor, memory, and various circuits configured to perform the features, functions, or operations described herein. The processor may be implemented as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a digital signal processor (DSP), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. Memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard disk storage, etc.) may store data and / or computer code for facilitating the various processes described herein. The memory may be communicatively coupled to the processor and one or more circuits. The memory is configured to provide computer code or instructions to the processor to execute the processes described with respect to the controller 100 herein. Furthermore, the memory may be or include tangible non-transitory volatile or non-volatile memory. Thus, the memory may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure to support the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0055] The controller 100 includes a communication interface. The communication interface may include any combination of wired and / or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, wire terminals) for communicating data with various systems, devices, or networks configured to enable in-vehicle communication (e.g., between vehicle components) and out-of-vehicle communication (e.g., directly with a remote computing system). In this regard, in some embodiments, the communication interface includes a network interface. The network interface is used to establish connections with other computing devices over a network. The network interface includes program logic that facilitates connecting the controller 100 to the network. The network interface includes any combination of wireless network transceivers (e.g., cellular modems, Bluetooth transceivers, Wi-Fi transceivers) and / or wired network transceivers (e.g., Ethernet transceivers). In some configurations, the network interface includes sufficient hardware and machine-readable media to support communication over multiple channels of data communication. Additionally, in some configurations, the network interface includes cryptographic functionality for establishing secure or relatively secure communication sessions in which data communicated over the sessions is encrypted. For example, with respect to off-vehicle / system communications, the communications interface may include an Ethernet card and port for transmitting and receiving data over an Ethernet-based communications network, and / or a Wi-Fi transceiver for communicating over a wireless communications network. The communications interface may be configured to communicate over a local area network and / or a wide area network (e.g., the Internet) and may use various communications protocols (e.g., IP, LON, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and wireless, cellular, and short-range communications).Additionally, the communications interface may operate together or in conjunction with the telematics unit, if included, to communicate with other vehicles in the fleet and / or remote computing systems.

[0056] Controller 100 is configured to receive inputs (e.g., signals, information, data, etc.) from components / systems of system 10 and / or operator I / O devices 120. Thus, controller 100 is configured to at least partially control the components / systems of system 10 and associated engine 20. Because the components of FIG. 2 may be embodied within a vehicle, controller 100 may be configured as one or more electronic control units (ECUs). Controller 100 may be separate from or included with at least one of a transmission control unit, an exhaust aftertreatment control unit, a powertrain control module, an engine control module, etc. In some cases, controller 100 may be a device remote from the vehicle, such as a remote controller configured to control or communicate with one or more components of system 10.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 2 , an example flow diagram of a diagnostic process 200 performed by the controller 100 of FIG. 1 is shown. The steps of FIG. 2 may be performed by components of the system 10 (e.g., the controller 100, the I / O devices 120, the aftertreatment system 22, the sensors, etc.), a data processing system, a cloud computing environment, or any other computing device described herein in connection with FIG. 1 . For example, additional or alternative operations of the process 200 may be performed by one or more circuits of the controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of the process 200 may be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. Some steps of the process 200 may include the controller 100 receiving data from components of the aftertreatment system 22, such as one or more sensors, and forwarding the data to a remote device for processing, or vice versa. The process 200 may include an overview of the process described in connection with FIG. 8 .

[0058] In step 202, the controller 100 determines whether one or more enabling conditions are met. The enabling conditions include, among other conditions, engine out NO x The engine out NO may include at least one of: the bed temperature of the SCR catalyst member 50 is equal to or greater than a desired target value / threshold; the bed temperature is equal to or greater than a lower limit / threshold; the rate of change of the bed temperature is equal to or greater than an upper limit / threshold; or the time interval between multiple attempts is equal to or greater than a time threshold. x is a NOx gas inlet located downstream or at the outlet of the engine 20. x NO measured by sensor 12 x A trial corresponds to the amount of x In response to determining that one or more enabling conditions are met, the controller 100 proceeds to step 204.

[0059] In step 204, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether the conversion efficiencies (CEs) of the flow paths (e.g., the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B) are stable. For example, the controller 100 calculates the standard deviation of the CE of each flow path for a predetermined duration (e.g., 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, etc.). The controller 100 compares the calculated standard deviation with a threshold value (e.g., 2%, 4%, 2%-5%, etc.). If the standard deviations of both flow paths are within the threshold value, the controller 100 determines that the CE of the flow path is stable. In response to this determination, the controller 100 filters the stable CE (sometimes referred to as steady-state filtered CE) monitored during the duration. A stable CE refers to a CE value monitored for a duration that is within the standard deviation threshold. The controller 100 stores the steady-state filtered CE in a local memory device or storage. Optionally, the controller 100 stores the filtered CE in a remote data repository. The stored CE may be at least one of a data set of CE calculated or monitored over a duration, an aggregated CE value (e.g., average or mean), a range of CE values, etc. In these examples, CE is measured and analyzed, although similar analysis may be performed on various NO x NO measured by sensor 12 x This can be done using the value.

[0060] In step 206, the controller 100 is configured to apply an (intrusive) ANR override to one of the flow paths of the aftertreatment system 22. Intrusive ANR overrides include, for example, reductant store depletion (using a relatively low ANR) or reductant slip (using a relatively high ANR). xAn intrusive ANR override can refer to lowering the ANR value below a predetermined threshold (e.g., below 0.9 ANR) or increasing the ANR value above a predetermined threshold (e.g., above 1.5 ANR) so that a detectable signature in the sensor readings can be obtained. In some embodiments, an intrusive ANR override can refer to increasing or decreasing the ANR value within a specific ANR value range, such as a low ANR range (e.g., 0.1-0.9 ANR) or a high ANR range (e.g., 1.5-3 ANR). In some embodiments, an ANR range of 1.1-1.3 (e.g., at an SCR bed temperature above 300°C) can be targeted. Applying an ANR override to one of the flow paths refers to adjusting the ANR of the particular flow path (e.g., increasing or decreasing it depending on the ANR override configuration), which can cause the controller 100 to adjust commands to the SCR system 52 (e.g., delivery mechanism 56) to, for example, increase or decrease the dosage of a particular amount of reductant to meet or correspond to the overridden ANR. When the ANR value is relatively high or low, the proportion of reducing agent is NO x The ANR value increases or decreases with a given amount of NO x The ANR value used for the override may be predefined by an administrator of the controller 100 or may be updated in response to instructions from the operator I / O device 120. For example, the ANR value (e.g., new target ANR value) of one of the flow paths may be overridden as 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2, 3, etc. For example, 0 ANR corresponds to 1 ppm of NO x 0 ppm reducing agent per 1000 ppm NO x 4 Wins ppm reducing agent, or 3 ANR = 1 ppm NO x 3 Wins ppm of reducing agent. Another example is a given amount of NO x is 10 ppm, an ANR value of 0.2 corresponds to 10 ppm of NO x 2 Wins In some embodiments, disabling the ANR may include the controller 100 sending a command to the SCR system 52 to stop dosing of reductant for a specific duration based on a predetermined ANR disable value of 0. The duration may be varied by a predetermined value. x It can be based on a value or CE value, or based on a timer value.

[0061] In some embodiments, the controller 100 disables the ANR for a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 seconds, 20 seconds, etc.). In some other embodiments, the controller 100 overrides the ANR until the CE of the overridden flow path reaches a threshold value (e.g., the lower threshold in step 208). For example, the controller 100 may be configured to apply a relatively low ANR override value (e.g., 0, 0.1, or other value below a specified threshold) to the first flow path 22A (or one of the flow paths) so that a change (e.g., NO ) in the overridden flow path is detected to identify sensor tampering within the aftertreatment system 22. x It is expected that an increase in the reading and / or a decrease in the CE value will be observed. The controller 100 monitors the change in the CE of the first flow path 22A. In step 208, the controller 100 can detect that the CE of the first flow path has fallen below a predetermined threshold (e.g., 5% or 10% below the stable CE calculated and determined before applying the ANR override) due to the reduction in reductant dosage according to the ANR override value. In this case, the NO associated with the first flow path 22A is x The sensor 12 is disposed in the first flow path 22A to detect a drop in CE following a reduction in the input of reductant. While the first flow path 22A is used above as an example, the ANR override may be applied to the second flow path 22B, and the controller 100 may perform the operations described similarly.

[0062] For simplicity, the examples herein provide a relatively low ANR override value to be applied to one of the flow paths. In some other examples, a relatively high ANR override value (e.g., 2, 2.5, 3, or other value above a specified threshold) can be applied to one of the flow paths. In this case, the controller 100 is configured, for example, to detect a potential increase in CE in the overridden flow path. Further, for simplicity, the examples herein provide a NO associated with (e.g., expected to be on) the first flow path 22A. x First NO sensor 12 x providing a sensor and NO associated with the second flow path x The second NO sensor 12 x A sensor is provided.

[0063] The controller 100 determines whether the NO associated with the overridden flow path x When the sensor 12 is positioned as desired or expected, it can detect a decrease in CE in the overridden flow path in a scenario. For example, if the first flow path 22A is overridden, the controller 100 may detect a decrease in CE in the first NO x When the sensor is in the first flow path 22A, a CE drop in the first flow path 22A can be anticipated. In another example, if the second flow path 22B is overridden, the controller 100 may select the second NO x When the sensor is in the first flow path 22A, a CE drop in the second flow path 22B can be expected.

[0064] In some embodiments, in scenarios where the sensor associated with the overridden flow path is misplaced or displaced in another flow path, the controller 100 may not detect a reduction in CE in the overridden flow path. x The sensor is shifted to the second flow path 22B (or the second NO x If the sensor is shifted to the first flow path 22A, the first NO x NO measured by the sensorx The amount is associated with the second flow path 22B. x The sensor detects NO 2 downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 in the second flow path 22B. x Because the controller 100 is measuring the CE in the first flow path 22A, the controller 100 may not observe or detect a drop in CE in the first flow path 22A. In such a case, the controller 100 is configured to start a timer (e.g., 10 seconds, 20 seconds, etc.) in response to applying the ANR override. If the controller 100 does not detect a CE drop in the overridden flow path upon expiration of the timer, the controller 100 may proceed to step 210 or step 214. In certain embodiments, the controller 100 may apply an ANR override in the other flow path instead, for example, to detect a CE drop in the other flow path. In response to expiration of the timer or a CE meeting a threshold (e.g., a CE below the first threshold), the controller 100 may reset the ANR value or remove the ANR override value.

[0065] In step 210, the controller 100 uses comparison logic (e.g., flow-path comparison logic) to isolate CE changes due to transient changes. The comparison logic may be described in further detail in conjunction with at least one of FIGS. 3-10. For example, the controller 100 may compare the CE changes of each flow path (first NO flow path) for a predetermined duration in response to application of the ANR override. x Sensor and second NO x The controller 100 monitors or acquires CE data associated with the flow path (e.g., sensor). The controller 100 determines the lowest CE value calculated for each flow path during a predetermined duration. The controller 100 compares the CE values ​​between the flow paths to determine a difference. If the difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, etc.), the controller 100 proceeds to step 214. Otherwise, if the difference is less than the predetermined threshold and steps 202-210 are performed as part of a first attempt, the controller 100 may proceed to step 212. In some other cases, the controller 100 may proceed to step 214 during the first attempt.

[0066] In some embodiments, in step 212, the controller 100 is configured to repeat or retry the attempt (e.g., initiate a second attempt) to confirm whether the fault detected in the first attempt is accurate or a false positive. For example, in the second attempt, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to one of the flow paths using a similar or different ANR value than in the first attempt. In step 208 of the second attempt, the controller 100 is configured with a relatively low threshold (e.g., 10%, 15%, 20%, etc.) for detecting a CE drop on the overridden flow path as part of the confirmation process. In response to detecting a drop in CE, the controller 100 resets the ANR and proceeds to step 210. As in the first attempt, the controller 100 determines the difference between the lowest CE values ​​of the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B.

[0067] In response to the comparison, the controller 100 proceeds to step 214. In step 214, the controller 100 either generates a fault indication (sets a fault indicating misplacement of the sensor) or clears the fault indication (or stops the diagnostic operation without generating an indication). For example, if the difference (in either the first or second attempt) is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, the controller 100 may select NO. x If the difference is less than the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 determines that the sensor 12 is in the desired position within the aftertreatment system 22. Otherwise, if the difference is less than the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 determines that the sensor 12 is in the desired position within the aftertreatment system 22. x It is determined that the sensor 12 is not in the desired position within the aftertreatment system 22. In this case, the controller 100 determines that the sensor 12 is not in the desired position within the aftertreatment system 22. x It is configured to generate an indication (eg, set a fault) regarding misplacement of the sensor 12.

[0068] In various embodiments, diagnostic process 200 is executed in response to starting engine 20. For example, in response to an engine start event, controller 100 may perform an action with respect to first flow path 22A (e.g., an ANR override applied to first flow path 22A). In response to a second engine start event, controller 100 may perform an action with respect to second flow path 22B (e.g., an ANR override applied to second flow path 22B). In some cases, controller 100 may perform an action with respect to first flow path 22A in a first attempt and second flow path 22B in a second attempt, or vice versa.

[0069] In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system 22 may include an ammonia sensor (not shown) downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 configured to measure the amount of reductant that has passed through the SCR system 52. xSimilar to the operations described above for detecting sensor misplacement, the controller 100 can be configured to detect ammonia sensor misplacement. For example, to detect ammonia sensor misplacement, the controller 100 monitors the amount of reductant downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 or the supply mechanism 56. The controller 100 determines that the amount of reductant is stable (e.g., within a predetermined standard deviation) for at least a predetermined duration. The controller 100 stores data (e.g., a value, range, or metric) regarding the stable reductant amount. The controller 100 applies a relatively high ANR override value (e.g., 1.5, 2, 2.5, etc.) in one of the flow paths to detect an increase in measured reductant (e.g., reductant slip or supplied reductant). In some cases, the controller 100 applies a relatively low ANR override value (e.g., 0, 0.1, 0.5, etc.) in one of the flow paths to detect a decrease in measured reductant. The controller 100 compares the change in reductant between the flow paths (e.g., similar to the CE comparison described in Figures 3-4) to determine whether the ammonia sensor in the overridden or non-overridden flow path is misplaced. In some other embodiments, the controller 100 uses, at least in part, the measured amount of reductant to determine whether the ammonia sensor in the overridden or non-overridden flow path is misplaced. x To detect sensor misplacement, the CE of the flow path can be calculated (e.g., reducing agent slippage can be a factor in determining CE).

[0070] 3, an example graph 300 of a healthy aftertreatment system during an ANR override in aftertreatment system 22 of FIG. 1 is shown. In this case, a healthy aftertreatment system refers to an aftertreatment system 22 having sensors that have not been tampered with (e.g., the sensors associated with each flow path have not been moved to another flow path). Graph 300 shows the NO at the outlet of engine 20. x Engine Out NO from Sensor 12 xThe graph 300 shows the readings (304), the CE value (306) of the first flow path 22A (e.g., first SCR system 52A), the CE value (308) of the second flow path 22B (e.g., second SCR system 52B), the enable status (310) of the ANR override (e.g., enable = 1 and disable = 0) of the first flow path 22A, and the enable status (312) of the ANR override of the second flow path 22B. The data presented in graph 300 may be measured or obtained by various components of the system 10, such as by sensors in the aftertreatment system 22 or obtained by the controller 100. During or after implementing an ANR override (e.g., 0.1 ANR for 10 seconds) in the first flow path 22A (e.g., a drop in CE in one flow path may indicate that the sensor has not been tampered with, but a drop in CE in the other flow path may not indicate that the sensor has not been tampered with), the NO associated with the second flow path 22B may be measured or obtained by the controller 100. x to detect tampering with the sensor 12), the controller 100 may detect a reduction in the dosage of reductant (e.g., NO 2 in pure nitrogen and water), x A decrease in the CE value is detected in the first flow path 22A (at portion 302) due to the ANR override being performed only in the first flow path 22A, and therefore the second NO x When the sensor is positioned as desired (in the second flow path 22B), the controller 100 may not detect a drop in the CE value.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 4, a tampered sensor (e.g., NO sensor) during an ANR override in the aftertreatment system of FIG. x 1 shows an example graph 400 of an aftertreatment system 22 having a sensor misplacement. The data presented in graph 400 may be measured or obtained by various components of system 10, such as by sensors in aftertreatment system 22 or by controller 100. Similar to graph 300, graph 400 shows the NO 2 at the exit of engine 20. x Engine Out NO from Sensor 12 xGraph 400 shows the reading (404), the CE value (406) of the first flow path 22A (e.g., first SCR system 52A), the CE value (408) of the second flow path 22B (e.g., second SCR system 52B), the enable status (410) of the ANR override (e.g., enable = 1 and disable = 0) of the first flow path 22A, and the enable status (412) of the ANR override of the second flow path 22B. x The sensor is misplaced or displaced relative to the first flow path 22A. Similar to graph 300, the controller 100 applies an ANR override in the first flow path 22A. During or after implementing the ANR override, the controller 100 adjusts the first and second NO x Because the sensor is located in the first flow path 22A with the ANR override, it detects (at portion 402) a drop in the calculated CE value for both the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B. Therefore, because a drop in the CE value is observed in both the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B, the controller 100 determines that the first NO 2 associated with the first flow path 22A is x a second NO sensor associated with the second flow path 22B; x A sensor is disposed in the first flow path 22A (e.g., a second NO x The sensor is determined to be displaced / tampered with.

[0072] 3 and 4 are performed with respect to the first flow path 22A (e.g., ANR override in the first flow path 22A). x A drop in CE is observed when the sensor is placed in the first flow path 22A. The tampered system detects the first NO displaced to the second flow path 22B. x If the controller 100 includes a sensor, it is possible that the controller 100 will not detect a drop in the CE value for both flow paths. In such a case, the ANR override is applied in the first flow path 22A, and the controller 100 will select NO because a drop in CE is not detected in both flow paths. xThe sensor 12 is positioned in the second flow path 22B (first NO x (The sensor is misplaced.) While changes in CE values ​​are used to detect sensor tampering as in Figures 3 and 4, the controller 100 may also use NO for sensor tamper detection as will be described in connection with Figures 5 and 6. x Sensor readings (e.g., first NO x Sensor readings and second NO x The sensor readings) may be used directly.

[0073] Referring to Figure 5, the NO in Figure 1 x An exemplary graph 500 of a healthy aftertreatment system during an ANR override in aftertreatment system 22 using readings is shown. x value (NO downstream of SCR catalyst member 50) x The graph 500 is configured to monitor the NO 2 at the outlet of the engine 20. x Engine Out NO from Sensor 12 x Reading (504), NO in first flow path 22A x value (e.g., downstream or at the outlet of the first SCR system 52A) (506), the NO x The ANR override enable status (e.g., enabled=1 and disabled=0) (510) for the first flow path 22A, and the ANR override enable status (512) for the second flow path 22B. x The characteristics or behavior of the value may be opposite to the CE value during or after the ANR override. For example, in portion 502, the controller 100 may apply an ANR override for a specific duration (e.g., 0.1 ANR for 10 seconds). The ANR override may be applied to a NO x This may cause spikes in the sensor readings (e.g., observing a decrease in CE values ​​while NO xIn this case, the controller 100 increases the NO x Change in value (e.g., NO x Apply an ANR override to one flow path (e.g., first flow path 22A) to monitor for an increase in NO value. x If the spike in readings occurs only for the overridden flow path, the controller 100 will x The sensor 12 is determined to be positioned in the desired flow path as shown in graph 500 .

[0074] Referring to Figure 6, the NO in Figure 1 x Tampered sensor during ANR override in aftertreatment system using values ​​(e.g., NO x 3-5 can be shown in the graph 600, for example, NO at the exit of the engine 20. x Engine Out NO from Sensor 12 x Reading (604), NO in the first flow path 22A (e.g., downstream or outlet of the first SCR system 52A) x value (606), the NO in the second flow path 22B (e.g., downstream or outlet of the second SCR system 52B) x value (608), the enable status of the ANR override for the first flow path 22A (e.g., enable=1 and disable=0) (610), and the enable status of the ANR override for the second flow path 22B (612). In this case, the graph 600 shows the NO x NO when sensor 12 is displaced to first flow path 22A x Illustrated is exemplary data representing sensor readings. As shown in portion 602, NO x If a spike or increase in value (e.g., exceeding a threshold) occurs in both flow paths (or in neither flow path), the controller 100 may select NO. xThe controller 100 determines that at least one of the sensors 12 is displaced. Because the overridden flow path is the first flow path 22A and the spike occurs in both flow paths, the controller 100 determines that the second NO sensor associated with the second flow path 22B is displaced. x The sensor is overridden to detect NO x First NO representing sensor 12 x It outputs the same reading as the sensor, so the second NO x The sensor determines that the first flow path 22A has been displaced. Various actions, features, or techniques may be performed using the CE value. x To detect sensor displacement / tampering, NO x Sensor readings (e.g., NO at the downstream or outlet of the SCR catalyst member 50 in each flow path) x readings) can be used in a similar manner (additionally or alternatively).

[0075] In various embodiments discussed herein, the calculated CE value or measured NO for a particular flow path x The value may be the actual CE of the SCR catalyst member 50 or the actual NO traversing a particular flow path. x It may or may not express the content (e.g., NO associated with one of the flow paths). x The feedback from the sensor 12 determines the actual tailpipe NO of each flow path. x (It may not correspond to the calculated CE value or measured NO for a particular flow path.) x The values ​​are the first NO values ​​expected to be placed in the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B, respectively. x Sensor and second NO x Sensors and other NO x This concerns the sensor 12.

[0076] Referring to FIG. 7 , an exemplary process flow diagram of a method 700 for detecting sensor tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 is shown. The processes, operations, or steps of FIG. 7 may be implemented, operated, or performed by components of system 10, a data processing system, a cloud computing environment, or any other computing device described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6 (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, aftertreatment system 22, sensor, etc.). For example, additional or alternative operations of method 700 may be performed by one or more circuits of controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of method 700 may be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. Method 700 may also be implemented by a NO (e.g., instead of a CE value as described in conjunction with at least one of FIGS. 2 and 8). x A process for detecting sensor tampering by monitoring values ​​may be included. Certain operations of method 700 may be performed similarly to those described in connection with FIG.

[0077] In step 702, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether one or more enabling conditions are satisfied. The one or more enabling conditions may be satisfied in response to the bed temperature of the SCR system 52 (e.g., the SCR catalyst member 50) of one or both of the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B being equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

[0078] The one or more enabling conditions may include: an engine-out NO of at least one of the first flow path 22A or the second flow path 22B; x The NO from the engine may be satisfied in response to the value being equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold. x The values ​​are based on at least one NOx sensor located at the outlet or downstream of the engine 20 or upstream of the DOC member 30, among other components in each flow path (e.g., SCR catalyst member 50, etc.). xThe predetermined threshold may be configured, for example, by an administrator of the controller 100 or according to configuration information from the operator I / O device 120. In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions may include a rate of change of the bed temperature of the SCR system 52 and / or a time between attempts (e.g., attempts while performing the operations discussed herein) to detect sensor misplacement. In some embodiments, the enabling conditions may include additional or other enabling conditions other than those described above.

[0079] In step 704, the controller 100 is configured to dose the reductant to the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B. The controller 100 initiates the dosing of the reductant in response to the satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. The controller 100 commands a first dosing device (e.g., supply mechanism 56A) in the first flow path 22A to dose the reductant to the first SCR system 52A. The controller 100 commands a second dosing device (e.g., supply mechanism 56B) in the second flow path 22B to dose the reductant to the second SCR system 52B.

[0080] In some embodiments, the initial reductant dosing operation is performed before considering one or more enabling conditions. For example, after starting the engine 20, the controller 100 can command a dosing device to dosing reductant to the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B. The controller 100 then proceeds to, for example, step 706, to determine whether one or more enabling conditions are met.

[0081] In step 706, in response to the reductant injection in step 704, the controller 100 x Value and second NO x The controller 100 is configured to determine a first NO value (which may alternatively be a first CE value or a second CE value). x sensor (e.g., NO in the first flow path 22A) x Related to or Nox No. expected to measure x First NO according to the reading or measurement value from the sensor 12 x The controller 100 determines the value of the second NO x sensor (e.g., NO in the second flow path 22B) x NO related to or expected to measure x A second NO according to the readings from the sensor 12 x Determine the values ​​of the first and second NO x The values ​​are the NO at the outlet of the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B, respectively. x These NO measured in step 706 represent the amount of x The value is used to determine the steady state CE of the first and second SCRs. x Sensor NO x The controller 100 detects that the sensor readings are within a predetermined standard deviation (e.g., 2%, 3%, etc.) for at least a predetermined duration. x Aggregate sensor readings (e.g., average, mean, median, etc.). Aggregated NO x Based on the sensor readings, the controller 100 may, for example, x Value and second NO x In some cases, the controller 100 determines the maximum and / or minimum NO values ​​for each flow path. x Readings of the first and second NO x After applying the ANR override, the controller 100 uses the x The first and second NO values ​​are compared x The device is configured to store a value.

[0082] In some embodiments, the controller 100 controls the first and second NO xIt is determined whether the value reaches a first predetermined threshold. The predetermined threshold may indicate a steady state condition. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold is a value determined by a first SCR and a second SCR, respectively, based on the previously determined NO. x A specified NO from a value or over a given period (e.g., 2 minutes) x The first NO measured in step 706 from the value x Value and second NO x The controller 100 may be configured to calculate the first and second NO x In response to the value reaching the predetermined threshold, the method proceeds to step 708 .

[0083] In step 708, the controller 100 may, for example, x Value and second NO x In response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold indicating a steady-state condition, the controller 100 is configured to adjust the dosage of the first SCR system 50A for a period of time (e.g., a first period of time). In some other embodiments, the controller 100 is configured to adjust the dosage of the second SCR system 50B instead of the first SCR system 50A. For purposes of the example herein, the controller 100 sends a command to the first dispenser to adjust the dosage for the first SCR system 50A. In this case, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path. The controller 100 adjusts the dosage of the reductant to satisfy the ANR override value. In some embodiments, the ANR override value may be 0, resulting in the controller 100 being configured to, for example, stop the reductant dosage of the first SCR system 50A.

[0084] In some cases, the period for adjusting reductant dosage (or applying an ANR override) can be predefined by an administrator. In some other cases, the period is determined by the first NO xBased on the time it takes for the value to change by a predetermined percentage or amount, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, etc. In this case, in a first attempt to detect sensor misplacement, the controller 100 configures or sets a relatively low percentage (e.g., 5%) compared to a second attempt (e.g., 10%, 15%, etc.).

[0085] In step 710, the controller 100 x Value and 4th No. x For example, at the end of another period (e.g., a second period different from the first period) after adjusting the turn-on of the first SCR system 52A, the controller 100 may measure the first NO x The third NO of the first SCR system 52A is controlled according to the readings from the sensor. x Measure the second NO value x The fourth NO of the second SCR system 52B is controlled according to the readings from the sensor. x The second period may be an extension of the first period. The second period is used or set to take into account the reductant storage of the SCR system 52, since a certain amount of reductant may remain in the SCR system storage after adjusting the reductant dosage. In such a case, the spike (NO x value) or decrease (CE value), or NO x Other changes in the characteristics of the sensor readings may not be captured until at least a certain amount of time after adjusting the reductant dosage.

[0086] In some embodiments, the third and fourth NO x The value is a first and second NO during a period (e.g., a first and / or second period). x Highest NO measured by the sensor x In some cases, the third and fourth NO x The value may represent the average, mean, median, etc. of measurements over a period of time.

[0087] In step 712, the controller 100x For example, the controller 100 may be configured to determine the difference between the third NO x Value and first NO x The controller determines a first difference between the fourth NO x Value and second NO x A second difference (e.g., first and second) between the NO 2 values ​​from before and after applying the ANR override or adjusting the reductant dosage is determined. x Represents a change or deviation in the sensor reading.

[0088] In step 714, the controller 100 x The controller 100 is configured to generate an indication as to whether the sensor is misplaced. The controller 100 generates a first NO according to the first difference and the second difference. x The controller 100 is configured to determine whether the sensor is installed incorrectly. For example, the controller 100 may determine whether the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., NO x a maximum or upper limit of the amount or percentage of the first NO in response to the second difference being less than a predetermined threshold. x It is determined that the sensor is not misplaced. In this case, the first and second NO x The readings from the sensors are within expected ranges when positioned at desired locations (eg, their associated flow paths).

[0089] In some embodiments, the controller 100 determines a first difference between a first CE value calculated before the ANR override and a third CE value calculated during or after the ANR override. The controller 100 determines a second difference between a second CE value calculated before the ANR override and a fourth CE value calculated during or after the ANR override. The first and third CE values ​​are calculated based on the first NO x The second and fourth CE values ​​are calculated using the readings from the second NO sensor. xThe controller 100 controls the second NO in response to the first difference being less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., a lower limit of the CE value) and the second difference being equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold. x It is determined that the sensor is not misplaced.

[0090] In some embodiments, the controller 100 may, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., a lower limit or threshold for the amount or percentage of the difference), activate a second NO x In some embodiments, the controller 100 determines that the sensor is not misplaced. In some embodiments, the controller 100 determines that the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold (a first NO responsive to a change in reductant input). x a first NO in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than another predetermined threshold value; x In this case, the first difference and the second difference are similar to each other (e.g., the two differences are less than a threshold), so the controller 100 determines that the sensor is misplaced. x Sensor and second NO x The controller 100 determines that the sensor is in a similar position (e.g., the first flow path 22A) and therefore is configured to generate an indication that the sensor is misplaced.

[0091] In various embodiments, the first NO flow rate is determined by, for example, adjusting the reductant input to the second SCR system 52B instead of the first SCR system 52A, or based on the lack of a spike or drop in both flow paths after adjusting the reductant input to the first SCR system 52A. x Similar operations can be performed to determine if a sensor is misplaced. Thus, the controller 100 may determine if a first NO x sensor (or other NO in the other flow path) xThe method 700 may be configured to perform similar operations to detect whether a sensor (e.g., a sensor) is misplaced or tampered with. In various configurations, operations, techniques, or features of the method 700 may be described in further detail in conjunction with FIG.

[0092] FIG. 8 is an example process flow diagram of a method 800 for performing the example sensor tamper detection of FIG. 7 . The processes, operations, or steps of FIG. 8 may be implemented, operated, or performed by components (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, after-processing system 22, sensor, etc.) of system 10, a data processing system, a cloud computing environment, or any other computing device described herein in connection with FIGS. 1-7 . For example, additional or alternative operations of method 800 may be performed by one or more circuits of controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of method 800 may be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. In various embodiments, method 800 may represent a series of instructions or steps performed by one or more components of system 10 or other devices. Method 800 may include at least similar or additional processes to those described in connection with FIG. 2 .

[0093] In step 802, the controller 100 initiates a diagnostic process to detect sensor misplacement. The controller 100 may initiate the diagnostic process in response to starting the engine 20 (e.g., key "ON"). The controller 100 sets / resets variables that are set to defaults. For example, the controller 100 sets the failure count variable and the pass count variable to zero.

[0094] In step 804, the controller 100 determines whether one or more enabling conditions are met. In this case, the enabling conditions include the bed temperature of the SCR system 52 (or SCR catalyst member 50) in each flow path and the engine-out NO x When the bed temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature threshold, the NOx There is a predetermined NO x If it is greater than or equal to the threshold, the controller 100 proceeds to step 806. If not, the controller 100 continues to monitor the enable condition until it is met. The controller 100 monitors the temperature fluctuation, the rate of change of the temperature, or the engine out NO x And so on.

[0095] In step 806, in response to satisfying the enabling condition, the controller 100 determines whether the calculated CE value for the flow path is above a particular CE threshold (e.g., 80%, 90%, 95%, etc.) and / or whether the monitored (calculated) CE of the flow path is relatively stable (e.g., the standard deviation of the measured CE values ​​over a predetermined duration is less than a predetermined threshold, such as 2%, 3%, etc.). The CE value and / or the standard deviation of the CE values ​​may be part of the enabling condition. If the CE value is greater than or equal to the CE threshold and / or the standard deviation of the CE values ​​within the predetermined duration is less than the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 proceeds to step 808. Otherwise, if at least one or both of these conditions are not satisfied, the controller 100 returns to step 804 or continues to monitor the CE of each flow path.

[0096] In some embodiments, the controller 100 may measure the NO for each flow path instead of the CE value. x Monitor sensor readings. NO x The sensor readings are measured by measuring the NOx concentration at the outlet of at least one of the first SCR system 52A and / or the second SCR system 52B. x The NO 2 flow rate may be from the sensor 12. In this case, the controller 100 calculates the NO 2 flow rate for each flow path measured over a predetermined duration. x and / or whether the NO for each flow path is within a predetermined standard deviation threshold. x The value is NO x If it is determined that it is greater than or equal to the threshold, proceed to step 808 or repeat at least one of steps 804 or 806.

[0097] In step 808, the controller 100 calculates the CE value (or NO) calculated for each flow path during the steady window. x The controller 100 obtains samples of at least one CE value (or NO value) during the steady window for each flow path. x The controller 100 determines a CE value (e.g., an average, a median, etc.) for the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B. The controller 100 stores the CE values ​​for the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B in memory. For example, a first CE value is calculated for the first flow path 22A and a second CE value is calculated for the second flow path 22B.

[0098] In step 810, the controller 100 overrides the ANR for one of the flow paths. For purposes of providing an example herein, the controller 100 overrides the ANR for the first flow path 22A. By overriding the ANR, the controller 100 is configured to send a command to a dosing device (e.g., the first dosing device) to adjust the amount of reductant dosing. In some cases, the controller 100 is configured to adjust the amount of reductant dosing to the SCR system 52. In response to applying the ANR override, the controller 100 is configured to initiate an ANR monitoring timeout window (e.g., a first period). In some cases, the ANR monitoring timeout window begins when the monitored CE value falls below (or exceeds) a predetermined percentage, such as 5%, 10%, etc. x The ANR monitoring timeout window may be based on or correspond to the time (the ANR value exceeds the ANR value). In some other cases, the ANR monitoring timeout window may be a predefined duration. The controller 100 is configured to reset the ANR override or resume reductant injection at the end of the first period.

[0099] In step 812, the controller 100 determines whether a spike detection window has started. The spike detection window (e.g., a second time period) can start in response to an ANR monitoring timeout window. For example, the spike detection window can start at the end of the first period. If the second period has started, the controller 100 proceeds to step 814. Otherwise, the controller 100 remains in step 812 until the first period ends, e.g., to start the second period. The controller 100 is configured to detect any spikes in the first flow path 22A or the second flow path 22B during or at the end of the second period.

[0100] During the second time period, the controller 100 controls the NO of each SCR system 52. x For example, the controller 100 determines at least one of the third NO value or the CE value of the first SCR system 52A after the second period has elapsed. x value and the fourth NO of the second SCR system 52B x In another example, the controller 100 may determine a third CE value for the first SCR system 52A and a fourth CE value for the second SCR system 52B after the second time period has expired, depending on the configuration of the controller 100.

[0101] Additionally, the controller 100 may also use the values ​​of the first flow path 22A (e.g., NO x The ANR override is configured to determine a first difference between the ANR values ​​(either ANR values ​​or CE values) of the first flow path 22A and a second difference between the values ​​of the second flow path 22B obtained before and after the ANR override (applied to the first flow path 22A). The first difference and the second difference are used to determine whether the spike was detected in the first flow path 22A or the second flow path 22B, respectively. The difference may be in terms of percentage or amount.

[0102] In step 814, the controller 100 determines whether a spike is detected for both flow paths within the spike detection window (e.g., spike detection within the second time period). For example, the controller 100 compares the first difference and the second difference with a predetermined threshold (e.g., 5%, 10%, 15%, or other percentage difference). If the first and second differences associated with the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B, respectively, exceed the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 determines that a spike is detected for both flow paths (proceeding to step 820). If at least one of the first difference and / or the second difference does not exceed the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 determines that a spike is not detected for both flow paths (proceeding to step 816).

[0103] At step 816, over or at the end of the second period, the controller 100 determines whether a spike was detected in the overridden flow path (e.g., the first flow path 22A in this example) but not in the other flow paths. If a spike is detected for the first flow path 22A but not for the second flow path 22B, the controller 100 returns a first NO x Sensor and second NO x The sensors are correctly positioned in the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B. In this case, the controller 100 proceeds to step 822. If a spike is not detected for both flow paths, the controller 100 proceeds to step 818.

[0104] In step 818, the controller 100 determines whether the second time period has ended (e.g., the spike detection window has ended). If the second time period has ended without the controller 100 detecting a spike, the controller 100 proceeds to step 828. Otherwise, the controller 100 proceeds to step 828. x Continue to monitor the value or CE value to determine or update the first and second difference to potentially detect a spike (eg, return to step 814).

[0105] In step 820, in response to detecting spikes in both flow paths, the controller 100 determines whether the difference between the peaks (or troughs) of the spikes in each flow path is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., percentage or amount difference). x The fourth NO value or the third CE value may represent the peak or trough of the spike in the first flow path 22A, respectively. x The first or fourth CE value may represent the peak or trough, respectively, of the spike in the second flow path 22B. The controller 100 compares the peaks or troughs between the flow paths to determine the difference. If the difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., a minimum difference threshold), the controller 100 proceeds to step 822. If not, the controller 100 proceeds to step 828.

[0106] In step 822, the controller 100 x The controller 100 determines that the sensor 12 is positioned at the desired or expected location, and therefore sets the pass count variable to 1 and / or clears the fault. In this case, the fault occurs when applying the sensor tamper detection operation. x The process may include notifying an administrator that tampering with the sensor 12 has been detected. In response to triggering the fault, an indication (e.g., visual, audio, or tactile feedback) may be presented to an operator of the system 10. In step 824, the controller 100 determines whether the engine 20 has been shut down. The controller 100 may wait until the engine 20 is turned off before proceeding to step 826. In step 826, the controller 100 is configured to perform a diagnostic process on the other flow path (e.g., the second flow path 22B), such as disabling the ANR of the other flow path.

[0107] In step 828, in response to the channel-to-channel peak difference being less than a predetermined threshold or the absence of spikes in both channels after the expiration of the second period of time, the controller 100 increments a fault count variable. For the first attempt in the diagnostic process, the fault count variable is incremented to 1. For the second attempt in the diagnostic process, if the controller 100 reaches this step, the fault count variable is incremented to 0 (e.g., a binary variable) or 2.

[0108] In step 830, the controller 100 determines whether the fault count variable is equal to 1. If the fault count is equal to 1, the controller 100 proceeds to step 832. If not, the controller 100 proceeds to step 834.

[0109] In step 832, the controller 100 may wait a period of time (e.g., a time delay / gap between attempts) to initiate a second attempt. In response to the time between attempts exceeding a predetermined threshold, the controller 100 returns to step 804 to perform another attempt. In the second attempt, the controller 100 may return to step 804 to perform another attempt. x Another predetermined threshold of increasing value or decreasing CE (e.g., 5% to 10% or 15%, etc.) can be adjusted or set. After performing the second attempt, when the controller 100 reaches step 828, the fault count is incremented to 0. Thus, the controller 100 proceeds to step 830 and subsequently to step 834.

[0110] In step 834, the controller 100 generates, sets, and / or latches an indication of a fault in response to the plurality of diagnostic processes. x The sensor is misplaced (or the first NO sensor is misplaced when diagnostics are performed on the second flow path 22B). x This can generate an indication that the sensor is misplaced.

[0111] In step 836, the controller 100 determines whether the engine 20 is stopped. If the engine 20 is stopped, the controller 100 proceeds to step 838. In step 838, the controller 100 can perform a diagnosis on the same flow path. For example, the controller 100 can perform a diagnosis on the same flow path (when the enabling condition is met) and return NO. x It can be determined whether the sensor 12 is still misplaced.

[0112] 9, an exemplary graph 900 illustrating a first diagnostic case implementing the methods of FIGS. 7 and 8 is shown. The graph 900 illustrates a NO 3 gas at the outlet or downstream of the engine 20. x Engine Out NO Measured by Sensor 12 x (908), the bed temperature of the first SCR system 52A in the first flow path 22A (910), the bed temperature of the second SCR system 52B in the second flow path 22B (912), the CE value associated with the first SCR system 52A (914), and the CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B (916). In this example, the controller 100 xTo determine whether the sensor 12 is misplaced, an ANR override is applied to the first flow path 22A (e.g., a diagnostic is applied to the first flow path 22A). As shown in portion 902, the controller 100 may determine whether an enabling condition, such as a bed temperature of the SCR system 52 and / or a CE value associated with the SCR system 52, is met. In response to determining that the enabling condition is met, the controller 100 may initiate a first trial of the sensor tamper detection procedure. For example, the controller 100 may monitor the CE values ​​of the flow paths to identify when the CE values ​​are deemed stable (e.g., the CE values ​​of the flow paths are within a standard deviation threshold). If the CE values ​​are deemed stable, such as at time instance (904), the controller 100 may obtain and store the CE values ​​(e.g., a first CE value of the first flow path 22A and a second CE value of the second flow path 22B) during the stable period as part of the first trial. The controller 100 then applies an ANR override to one of the flow paths, such as the first flow path 22A in this example, for at least a first period of time. The controller 100 can monitor changes in the CE values ​​of both flow paths during a second period of time (as shown in portion (906)). In this case, the controller 100 can determine a third CE value for the first flow path 22A and a fourth CE value for the second flow path 22B during or after applying the ANR override. The third and fourth CE values ​​can represent, for example, the lowest CE values ​​in the respective flow paths.

[0113] The controller 100 calculates a first difference between the first CE value and the third CE value, which represents a change to the CE of the first SCR system 52A during or after the ANR override. The controller 100 calculates a second difference between the second CE value and the fourth CE value, which represents a change to the CE of the second SCR system 52B during or after the ANR override. As shown in graph 900, the controller 100 detects a CE drop in the first flow path 22A (e.g., the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold) without a CE drop in the second flow path 22B (e.g., the second difference is less than a predetermined threshold). Because a CE drop occurred for the overridden flow path and not for the non-overridden flow path (e.g., the flow path without the ANR override), the controller 100 calculates the NO associated with the flow path. x Determine that the sensor 12 is correctly positioned (eg, not tampered with or displaced).

[0114] 10, an exemplary graph 1000 illustrating a second diagnostic case implementing the methods of FIGS. 7 and 8 is shown. The graph 1000 may include similar types of data as in connection with FIG. 9. For example, the graph 1000 may include the engine out NO x 9. The diagram illustrates the temperature of the first SCR system 52A (1012), the bed temperature of the first SCR system 52A (1014), the bed temperature of the second SCR system 52B (1016), the CE value associated with the first SCR system 52A (1018), and the CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B (1020). In this example, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path 22A. The various operations described in FIG. 10 may also be similarly described in conjunction with at least FIG. 9.

[0115] In portion 1002, the controller 100 detects one or more enabling conditions (e.g., in this case, engine out NO x ) but engine out NO xIn this case, the controller 100 determines that a threshold, such as an enable threshold, has not been met. In this case, the controller 100 aborts the sensor tamper detection attempt. As part of the enable condition, the controller 100 can wait for at least a predetermined duration to perform another attempt (retry attempt) at portion 1004. At portion 1004, the controller 100 monitors a steady period of the CE values ​​associated with the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B. In response to determining that the CE values ​​are stable for the predetermined duration, at (1008), the controller 100 applies an ANR override for a first period of time and monitors changes in the CE values ​​for a second period of time, as described at least in connection with FIG. 9 . In this case, the controller 100 determines that the third CE value of the first flow path 22A and the fourth CE value of the second flow path 22B are less than the predetermined threshold and issues a first NO override. x Sensor and second NO x It can be shown that the sensors may be in the same flow path (eg, capturing similar data).

[0116] To confirm the attempt at portion 1004, the controller 100 begins a second attempt at portion 1006. A steady-state period can be detected at (1010). In any subsequent attempt to confirm detected sensor tampering, the controller 100 can apply a relatively low or relatively high ANR override to the same flow path (e.g., decreasing from 0.4 ANR to 0.1 ANR, increasing from 1.5 ANR to 2 ANR, or stopping reductant injection for a relatively long duration). A similar procedure from the first attempt at sensor tamper detection can be performed for the second attempt. In this case, the controller 100 determines that the decrease in the CE value of the first flow path 22A (e.g., the overridden flow path) is below a predetermined threshold. Furthermore, the controller 100 determines that the difference between the first difference and the second difference (or the third CE value and the fourth CE value) is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, which indicates a NO. x Sensor 12 detects NO in different flow paths. xThus, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 may x Since no decrease in CE value was observed from the sensor readings, the second NO x The sensor is determined to be not displaced.

[0117] 11, an exemplary graph 1100 illustrating a third diagnostic case implementing the methods of FIGS. 7 and 8 is shown. Graph 1100 illustrates similar types of data in conjunction with at least one of FIGS. 9-10. For example, graph 1100 illustrates engine out NO x (1108), the bed temperature of the first SCR system 52A (1110), the bed temperature of the second SCR system 52B (1112), the CE value associated with the first SCR system 52A (1114), and the CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B (1116). In this example, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path 22A and a CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B. x The sensor is moved to the first flow path 22 A. The various operations described in Figure 11 may similarly be described in conjunction with at least Figures 9 and 10.

[0118] In portion 1102, the controller 100 detects that the CE value is stable at (1008) and applies the ANR override in response to detecting the stability window. The controller 100 disables the ANR (or stops the first dosing device from dosing reductant to the first SCR system 52A) for a first period of time. As shown, the first period of time is based on the time the CE of the first flow path 22A falls below a predetermined threshold, such as 5%, on the first attempt (e.g., the amount of CE drop is greater than the predetermined threshold). The controller 100 can reset or remove the ANR override in response to the CE value of the overridden flow path reaching the predetermined CE drop threshold. As described in at least one of FIGS. 9 and / or 10, the controller 100 determines a first difference between the first and third CE values ​​of the first flow path 22A and a second difference between the second and fourth CE values ​​of the second flow path 22B (e.g., the CE values ​​before and after the ANR override). In this case, the controller 100 determines that the difference between the first difference and the second difference is less than the predetermined threshold, indicating that sensor tampering has been detected.

[0119] To confirm the results of the first attempt, the controller 100 performs a second attempt at portion 1104. The second attempt may perform a similar procedure to the previous attempt, but using a relatively lower ANR value (or suspending the introduction of reducing agent for a relatively longer period of time). Using the relatively lower ANR value, the controller 100 is configured to adjust the introduction of reducing agent to the first flow path 22A for a relatively longer duration or by a larger amount compared to the first attempt. For example, as shown, the controller 100 may apply an ANR override for a third period of time based on when the CE of the first flow path 22A falls below a relatively low predetermined threshold, such as 10%, in the second attempt. In this case, at the end of the fourth period after adjusting the introduction of reducing agent for the third period, the controller 100 also detects a result similar to the first attempt. For example, the controller 100 detects a CE drop on the first flow path 22A that is greater than the predetermined CE drop threshold. Furthermore, the controller 100 may detect a CE drop on the first flow path 22A that is greater than the predetermined CE drop threshold (e.g., when the NO2 value of the first flow path 22A is lower in the second attempt).x The third difference (calculated for the NO value in the second flow path 22B in the second trial) x The controller 100 determines that the difference between the third difference and the fourth difference (calculated for the second NO value) is less than the predetermined difference threshold. Because the difference between the third difference and the fourth difference is less than the predetermined difference threshold in both attempts, the controller 100 determines that the difference between the third difference and the fourth difference (calculated for the second NO value) is less than the predetermined difference threshold. x The readings from the sensor were used to calculate the CE value. x The second NO was aligned with the reading from the sensor. x The sensor determines that a displacement has occurred within the first flow path 22A.

[0120] Referring to Figure 12, another exemplary graph 1200 is shown illustrating a fourth diagnostic case implementing the methods of Figures 7 and 8. Graph 1200 illustrates similar types of data in conjunction with at least one of Figures 9-11. For example, graph 1200 illustrates engine out NO x (1208), the bed temperature of the first SCR system 52A (1210), the bed temperature of the second SCR system 52B (1212), the CE value associated with the first SCR system 52A (1214), and the CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B (1216). In this example, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path 22A and the first NO x The sensor is moved to the second flow path 22B. The various operations described in Figure 12 may similarly be described in conjunction with at least one of Figures 9-11.

[0121] In portion 1202, the controller 100 detects (1206) that the CE value is stable after meeting one or more enabling conditions. In response to detecting the stability window, the controller 100 applies the ANR override (1206). The controller 100 disables the ANR (or stops the first dosing device from dosing reductant to the first SCR system 52A) for a period of time. In this case, the first NO xBecause the sensor is located in the second flow path 22B, the controller 100 may not detect a decrease in the CE value from the first flow path 22A. Therefore, after a preset expiration time for the ANR override, the controller 100 may determine a first difference between the first CE value of the first flow path 22A and the third CE value (e.g., the CE before and after the ANR override). In this case, the controller 100 determines that the first difference is less than a predetermined threshold. Following the first attempt, the controller 100 determines that the first NO is exceeded because no decrease in the CE value is observed for the overridden flow path. x The sensor determines that it can be displaced to the second flow path 22B.

[0122] In the second attempt in portion 1204, a procedure similar to that of the first attempt may be performed. In some cases, for the second attempt, the controller 100 may apply a different ANR value (e.g., a relatively low ANR value) or set a different expiration timer for the ANR override. As shown in graph 1200, similar to the first attempt, the controller 100 determines that a first difference between a first CE value obtained within the steady-state window and a third CE value obtained during or after the ANR override (e.g., within a second time period) is less than a predetermined threshold after the expiration of the ANR override timer. Therefore, the first NO x The reading from the sensor is the expected NO in the overridden flow path. x (and CE), the controller 100 may determine the potential NO flow from the first flow path 22A to the second flow path 22B. x The displacement of the sensor can be detected.

[0123] In some embodiments, in response to determining that the CE value associated with the overridden flow path does not fall below a predetermined CE drop threshold, the controller 100 can execute an ANR override for another flow path (e.g., the second flow path 22B instead of the first flow path 22A). The controller 100 can switch the ANR override flow path, for example, after the first attempt, the second attempt, or the next engine start event. In some cases, the controller 100 can execute an ANR override for the same flow path after the next engine start event. In this case, if the characteristics of the CE value remain the same (e.g., the CE drops below a predetermined threshold or the difference between the first difference and the second difference falls below a predetermined difference threshold), the controller 100 can execute an ANR override for the NO associated with the overridden flow path. x NO as the sensor 12 displaces into the non-overridden flow path and traverses the aftertreatment system 22 x The expected change in NO content associated with the overridden flow path x NO from the sensor x It can be determined that this is not reflected in the readings.

[0124] III. Construction of an Exemplary Embodiment While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features inherent to particular embodiments. Certain features described herein in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, while features may be described as working in a particular combination and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may, in some cases, be deleted from that combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to subcombinations or variations of subcombinations.

[0125] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "generally," "approximately," and similar terms are intended to have broad meanings consistent with common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. These terms should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art who review this disclosure to enable description of the particular features described and claimed without limiting the scope of those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. These terms should therefore be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or insignificant modifications or variations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

[0126] As used herein, terms such as "coupled" refer to the joining of two components directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved where the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, are integrally formed with one another as a single, unitary body, or where the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, are attached to one another.

[0127] As used herein, terms like "fluidly coupled" mean that two components or objects have a pathway formed between them through which a fluid, such as air, exhaust gas, liquid reductant, gaseous reductant, aqueous reductant, gaseous ammonia, etc., can flow with or without an intervening component or object. Examples of fluid couplings or configurations for enabling fluid communication may include piping, channels, or any other suitable components for enabling the flow of a fluid from one component or object to another.

[0128] It is important to note that the configurations and arrangements of the systems shown in the various exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting in features. All changes and modifications that fall within the spirit and / or scope of the described embodiments are desired to be protected. It is understood that some features may not be necessary, and embodiments lacking various features may be contemplated as being within the scope of this application, the scope being defined by the following claims. When the term "a portion" is used, the item can include a portion and / or the entire item, unless specifically stated to the contrary.

[0129] Also, the term "or" is used in its inclusive sense (rather than its exclusive sense), so that, for example, when used to connect a list of elements, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Conjunctive language, such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z," is otherwise understood with the context in which it is generally used to convey that an item, term, etc. can be either X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z), unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, such conjunctive language generally is not intended to imply that a particular embodiment requires that at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z, respectively, be present.

[0130] Additionally, the use of ranges of values ​​herein (e.g., W to P, etc.) includes the maximum and minimum values ​​thereof unless otherwise indicated (e.g., W to P includes W and includes P, etc.). Additionally, ranges of values ​​(e.g., W to P, etc.) do not necessarily require the inclusion of intermediate values ​​within the range of values ​​(e.g., W to P can include only W and P, etc.), unless otherwise specified.

[0131] Implementations of the present disclosure are disclosed in the following examples.

[0132] Example 1: 1. An aftertreatment system comprising: a first flow path including a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and a first injector; a second flow path including a second SCR system and a second injector; a controller, determining satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; injecting reductant into the first SCR system using the first injector and into the second SCR system using the second injector in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions; a first NO associated with the first flow path in response to the input; x a first NO of the first SCR system based on a reading from the sensor; x determining a second NO value associated with the second flow path; x a second NO sensor for detecting a second NO of the second SCR system based on a reading from the sensor; x determining a value; The first No. x value and the second NO x adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for a first time period in response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold; At the end of a second period after adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system, x a third NO of the first SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x Measure the second NO value x a fourth NO sensor of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x measuring the value of The third no. x value and the first NO x determining a first difference between the values; The fourth NO x value and the second NO x determining a second difference between the values; Based on the first difference and the second difference, xand generating an indication as to whether the sensor is displaced.

[0133] Example 2: The controller controls the first NO in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than the second predetermined threshold. x sensor and the second NO x 2. The post-processing system of example 1, configured to determine that the sensor is not displaced.

[0134] Example 3: The controller, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, x sensor and the second NO x 2. The post-processing system of example 1, configured to determine that the sensor is not displaced.

[0135] Example 4: The controller, in response to determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, x 2. The after-processing system of example 1, configured to determine that the sensor is displaced.

[0136] Example 5: 2. The aftertreatment system of embodiment 1, wherein the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to a bed temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

[0137] Example 6: The one or more enabling conditions may include: an engine-out NO of each of the first flow path and the second flow path; x 10. The aftertreatment system of example 1, wherein the condition is satisfied in response to the value being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

[0138] Example 7: The first period is the first NO x The post-processing system of example 1 based on the time required for a value to change by a predetermined percentage.

[0139] Example 8: After determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the controller further: adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system over a third time period; and After adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for the third period of time, x a fifth NO of the first SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x Measure the second NO value x a sixth NO sensor of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x measuring the value of The fifth no. x value and the first NO x determining a third difference between the values No. 6 x value and the second NO x determining a fourth difference between the values The second NO based on the third difference and the fourth difference. x generating an indication as to whether the sensor is displaced.

[0140] Example 9: a controller determining satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; the controller, in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, injecting reductant into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of a first flow path using a first injector and into a second SCR system of a second flow path using a second injector; The controller, in response to the input, controls a first NO 2 flow path associated with the first NO 2 flow path. x a first NO of the first SCR system based on a reading from the sensor; x determining a second NO value associated with the second flow path; x a second NO sensor for detecting a second NO of the second SCR system based on a reading from the sensor; x determining a value; The controller x value and the second NO x adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for a first time period in response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold; At the end of a second period after the controller adjusts the turn-on of the first SCR system, x a third NO of the first SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x Measure the second NO value x a fourth NO sensor of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x measuring the value of The controller x value and the first NO x determining a first difference between the values; The controller x value and the second NO x determining a second difference between the values; The controller determines the second NO based on the first difference and the second difference. x generating an indication as to whether the sensor is displaced.

[0141] Example 10: The controller, in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than the second predetermined threshold, adjusts the first NO x sensor and the second NO x 10. The method of example 9, comprising determining that the sensor is not displaced.

[0142] Example 11: In response to the controller determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, x sensor and the second NO x 10. The method of example 9, comprising determining that the sensor is not displaced.

[0143] Example 12: In response to the controller determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that a difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, x 10. The method of example 9, comprising determining that the sensor is displaced.

[0144] Example 13: 10. The method of example 9, wherein the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to a bed temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

[0145] Example 14: The one or more enabling conditions may include: an engine-out NO of each of the first flow path and the second flow path; x 10. The method of example 9, wherein the condition is satisfied in response to the value being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

[0146] Example 15: The first period is the first NO x The method of Example 9, based on the time required for a value to change by a predetermined percentage.

[0147] Example 16: a controller, one or more processors; one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processors; The one or more memory devices store instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: determining satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; injecting reductant into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of a first flow path using a first injector and into a second SCR system of a second flow path using a second injector in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions; a first NO associated with the first flow path in response to the input; x a first NO of the first SCR system based on a reading from the sensor; x determining a second NO value associated with the second flow path; x a second NO sensor for detecting a second NO of the second SCR system based on a reading from the sensor; x determining a value; The first No. x value and the second NO x adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for a first time period in response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold; At the end of a second period after adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system, x a third NO of the first SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x Measure the second NO value x a fourth NO sensor of the second SCR system based on the readings from the sensor; x measuring the value of The third no. x value and the first NO x determining a first difference between the values; The fourth NO x value and the second NO x determining a second difference between the values; Based on the first difference and the second difference, x generating an indication as to whether the sensor is displaced.

[0148] Example 17: The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than the second predetermined threshold, x sensor and the second NO x 17. The controller of example 16, wherein the controller determines that the sensor is not displaced.

[0149] Example 18: The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, x sensor and the second NO x 17. The controller of example 16, wherein the controller determines that the sensor is not displaced.

[0150] Example 19: The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: in response to determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, x 17. The controller of example 16, wherein the controller determines that the sensor is displaced.

[0151] Example 20: 17. The controller of example 16, wherein the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to a bed temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

Claims

1. 1. An aftertreatment system comprising: a first flow path including a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and a first injector; a second flow path including a second SCR system and a second injector; a controller, determining satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; injecting reductant into the first SCR system using the first injector and into the second SCR system using the second injector in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions; In response to the injection, determining a first NOx value for the first SCR system based on readings from a first NOx sensor associated with the first flow path and determining a second NOx value for the second SCR system based on readings from a second NOx sensor associated with the second flow path; adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for a first time period in response to the first NOx value and the second NOx value reaching a first predetermined threshold; measuring a third NOx value of the first SCR system based on the readings from the first NOx sensor and a fourth NOx value of the second SCR system based on the readings from the second NOx sensor at the end of a second period of time after adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system; determining a first difference between the third NOx value and the first NOx value; determining a second difference between the fourth NOx value and the second NOx value; and generating an indication as to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the first difference and the second difference.

2. 2. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than the second predetermined threshold.

3. 2. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold.

4. 10. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the second NOx sensor is displaced in response to determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold.

5. 10. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to a bed temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

6. 10. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to an engine-out NOx value for each of the first flow path and the second flow path being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

7. 10. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the first period of time is based on the time required for the first NOx value to change by a predetermined percentage.

8. After determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the controller further: adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system over a third time period; and after adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for the third time period, measuring a fifth NOx value of the first SCR system based on the readings from the first NOx sensor and measuring a sixth NOx value of the second SCR system based on the readings from the second NOx sensor; determining a third difference between the fifth NOx value and the first NOx value; determining a fourth difference between the sixth NOx value and the second NOx value; and generating an indication as to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the third difference and the fourth difference.

9. a controller determining satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; the controller, in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, injecting reductant into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of a first flow path using a first injector and into a second SCR system of a second flow path using a second injector; the controller, in response to the injection, determining a first NOx value for the first SCR system based on readings from a first NOx sensor associated with the first flow path and determining a second NOx value for the second SCR system based on readings from a second NOx sensor associated with the second flow path; the controller adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for a first time period in response to the first NOx value and the second NOx value reaching a first predetermined threshold; measuring a third NOx value of the first SCR system based on the readings from the first NOx sensor and a fourth NOx value of the second SCR system based on the readings from the second NOx sensor at the end of a second period after the controller adjusts the dosing of the first SCR system; the controller determining a first difference between the third NOx value and the first NOx value; the controller determining a second difference between the fourth NOx value and the second NOx value; the controller generating an indication as to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the first difference and the second difference.

10. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the controller determining that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than the second predetermined threshold.

11. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: determining, by the controller, that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response to the controller determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold.

12. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: determining that the second NOx sensor is displaced in response to the controller determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold.

13. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more enablement conditions are satisfied in response to a bed temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

14. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied in response to an engine-out NOx value for each of the first flow path and the second flow path being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

15. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first period of time is based on the time required for the first NOx value to change by a predetermined percentage.

16. a controller, one or more processors; one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processors; The one or more memory devices store instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: determining satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; injecting reductant into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of a first flow path using a first injector and into a second SCR system of a second flow path using a second injector in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions; In response to the injection, determining a first NOx value for the first SCR system based on readings from a first NOx sensor associated with the first flow path and determining a second NOx value for the second SCR system based on readings from a second NOx sensor associated with the second flow path; adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system for a first time period in response to the first NOx value and the second NOx value reaching a first predetermined threshold; measuring a third NOx value of the first SCR system based on the readings from the first NOx sensor and a fourth NOx value of the second SCR system based on the readings from the second NOx sensor at the end of a second period of time after adjusting the dosing of the first SCR system; determining a first difference between the third NOx value and the first NOx value; determining a second difference between the fourth NOx value and the second NOx value; generating an indication as to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the first difference and the second difference.

17. The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:

17. The controller of claim 16, wherein in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than the second predetermined threshold, the controller determines that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced.

18. The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:

17. The controller of claim 16, wherein in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, the controller determines that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced.

19. The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:

17. The controller of claim 16, wherein in response to determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the controller determines that the second NOx sensor is displaced.

20. 17. The controller of claim 16, wherein the one or more enablement conditions are satisfied in response to a bed temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

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