Components and volume compensation devices used therein

Abstract

A composite volume compensation device includes a support device and a pressure supply device, and can be used to supply pressure to a fluid-solid conversion material. A composite structural member includes three parts, A, B, and C, where part A is a solid device having a cavity, part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, and part C includes at least one of a composite volume compensation device, an independent pressure supply device, an auxiliary support device, and a restraining rib.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of architecture, bridges, underground construction, flood control, machinery, etc. In particular, it relates to a composite structure and a method for manufacturing the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Concrete in steel-concrete composite structures (structures made of steel pipes and concrete) can shrink, which can cause separation between the concrete and the steel pipe inner wall, affecting the synergistic effect of both, and thus deteriorating the mechanical properties of the composite structure.

[0003] In the prior art, there are two methods to solve this problem. One method is to change the shrinkage characteristics of the concrete material to minimize the amount of shrinkage or to expand the material. However, such methods are not suitable for high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete. Since such methods are not related to the present invention, their description will be omitted.

[0004] Another method involves sealing both ends of the steel pipe after the concrete has been filled, applying pressure to the concrete. The most common method involves placing a pressure-maintaining device, such as a gas bag, inside the sealed steel pipe to apply pressure to the concrete. The advantage of this device is that when shrinkage occurs while the concrete is in a flowable state, the pressure-maintaining device expands to fill the space created by shrinkage in the hollow part of the steel pipe, thereby maintaining the required reduction in compressive stress in the concrete. It is also possible to select a structure so that compressive stress remains between the outer surface of the pressure-maintaining device and the concrete even after the concrete has solidified. However, the disadvantage of this structure is that the gas bag or other device can create a weak point in the concrete, potentially affecting the overall load-bearing capacity of the steel pipe column. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] During the setting and hardening process, cement undergoes chemical shrinkage, meaning that its absolute volume after hydration is smaller than the sum of the volumes of water and the various components involved in hydration before hydration. In steel-concrete composite structures, the volumetric shrinkage of the concrete inside the steel pipe often leads to insufficient contact between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe, and can even cause the concrete to peel off from the inner wall of the steel pipe, which prevents the synergistic effect between the steel pipe and the concrete from being fully realized. High-strength concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete, and reactive powder concrete contain relatively large amounts of cement and active admixtures, and therefore experience greater volumetric shrinkage during the hardening process, resulting in a greater deterioration of the synergistic effect with the steel pipe.

[0006] The strength of a hardened cement body is related to the voids in the hardened cement body; the smaller the voids, the higher the strength. During the setting and hardening process, the cement can be sufficiently shrunk or compressed to reduce the voids in the hardened cement body and improve its strength. The strength of both cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of the hardened cement body; the higher the strength of the hardened cement body, the higher the strength of the corresponding material.

[0007] Reactive powder concrete has a base material that is a mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz powder, etc. with water, and the product after hydration differs from the components of conventional hardened cement bodies. However, strength is also related to the porosity; the fewer voids there are, the higher the strength.

[0008] The axial strength of hardened cement paste, cement mortar, concrete, and reactive powder concrete is related to the respective lateral compressive stresses, and the greater the lateral compressive stress, the higher the strength.

[0009] The technical problem to be solved will be explained using a concrete-filled steel pipe column as an example. A concrete-filled steel pipe is a steel pipe with both ends closed, a pressure-maintaining device installed in the hollow part of the steel pipe, and concrete filled in the hollow part of the steel pipe. When the concrete is still in a flowable state, it is subjected to artificially applied pre-compression stress.

[0010] (1) The first technical problem that this invention aims to solve is to improve the uniaxial and triaxial strength of concrete in steel pipes and thereby improve the overall load-bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel pipe columns. (2) The second technical problem that this invention aims to solve is to invent a pressure maintenance method and a pressure maintenance device to achieve the following two objectives:

[0011] a. When the concrete is in a flowable state, the compressive stress of the concrete in the steel pipe remains roughly stable or changes within the required range.

[0012] b. When the concrete has reached or is close to its ultimate strength, when the steel pipe concrete is subjected to an axial load, the pressure maintaining device provides sufficient radial resistance to prevent the surrounding concrete from bulging into the area occupied by the pressure maintaining device, and to prevent a reduction in the axial load-bearing capacity of the surrounding concrete due to the bulging. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] (1) Composite Compensator 1 A composite volume compensator, a support device and a pressure supply device, wherein: (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and a peripheral region of the support device, the inner region being circumscribed or surrounded by the support device, and the peripheral region being circumscribed or surrounded by the support device.

[0014] There are one or more connecting passages between the interior region and the peripheral region. (2) All or part of the pressure device is located within the interior region of the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure device is capable of supplying pressure to a medium in contact therewith.

[0015] Furthermore, the support device is an I-type support device, and the I-type support device includes a housing with a hole.

[0016] The holed housing is a housing having a hole in it, and the hole is a connecting passage connecting the housing interior region and the peripheral region.

[0017] Furthermore, the holed housing is a holed closed housing or an incomplete holed closed housing.

[0018] The closed housing with a hole is obtained by machining a hole in a housing including a closed cavity, and one of the incomplete closed housing with a hole is a part of one closed housing with a hole.

[0019] Preferably, the housing containing the closed cavity has the following selection ranges:

[0020] (1) A spherical housing, an ellipsoidal housing, or any other housing having a representative geometric shape and containing a closed cavity. (2) A housing containing a closed cavity consisting of a tube and one or more local representative housings. (3) A housing including a closed cavity, the housing having several representative geometric shapes. (4) A housing including a closed cavity consisting of one or more representative geometric housings and one or more local representative housings.

[0021] The housing with the representative geometry is a housing that is mathematically described by a conventional equation, and the local representative housing is a portion of a housing with one representative geometry.

[0022] Preferably, the range of selection of housings having the representative geometric shapes is as follows:

[0023] These include spherical housings, ellipsoidal housings, conical housings, elliptical conical housings, pyramidal housings, cylindrical housings, circular trapezoidal housings, square trapezoidal housings, elliptical cross-section trapezoidal housings, saddle-shaped housings, and other representative geometric shapes.

[0024] Furthermore, the holed housing is a tube and has one of the following:

[0025] (1) The tube is open at both ends, with or without holes in the wall.

[0026] (2) A tube that closes one end of a tube hole, with or without a hole in the wall.

[0027] (3) The tube hole is a tube that is closed at both ends and has a hole in the wall of the tube.

[0028] Preferably, the axis of the tube is straight; preferably, the axis of the tube is curved.

[0029] Furthermore, the support device is a type II support device, and the type II support device is characterized in that the connecting passage between the inner region and the peripheral region of the support device includes a gap or a gap.

[0030] Furthermore, the type II supporting device includes a spiral belt, which may be a single-turn circular spiral belt or a multi-turn circular spiral belt.

[0031] The single-turn annular spiral belt is characterized by the same cross section of each circumferential region, and there is an axial gap between two adjacent turns of the spiral belt. The shape of the spiral belt is similar to that of a spiral steel pipe strip.

[0032] The circular spiral belt of the above-mentioned multiple turns is characterized in that at least two adjacent turns of the circular spiral belt have the following characteristics, and the cross-sectional shapes and / or sizes of the areas around which these two turns of the circular spiral belt respectively rotate are different.

[0033] Preferably, among the multiple-turn circular spiral belt, at least two adjacent turns of the spiral belt have an overlapping portion along the length between the two adjacent turns of the spiral belt, and there is a gap between the outer surface of one turn of the spiral belt in the overlapping portion and the inner surface of another spiral belt.

[0034] Preferably, in the multiple-turn circular spiral belt, there is a gap along the length between two adjacent turns of the spiral belt.

[0035] Preferably, the axis of the region around which the single-turn circular or multi-turn circular spiral belt rotates is straight. Preferably, the axis of the region around which the single-turn circular or multi-turn circular spiral belt rotates is curved.

[0036] Preferably, the single-turn circular or multi-turn circular spiral belt has multiple points connected to one or more bar-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between each turn of the spiral belt.

[0037] Furthermore, the type II support device includes a spiral that is a single-turn circular spiral or a multi-turn circular spiral having a shape similar to a helical spring.

[0038] The single-turn circular spiral is characterized in that the cross section of the area circumscribed by each turn is the same.

[0039] The circular spiral of multiple turns is characterized in that at least two of the regions around which the spiral goes are different in cross section.

[0040] Preferably, within one said circular spiral of a single turn there is no gap between at least two adjacent spirals, and preferably within one said circular spiral of a single turn there is a gap between at least two adjacent spirals.

[0041] Preferably, in one said circular spiral of multiple turns, the cross section of the area circumscribed by each turn of said spiral is different.

[0042] Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral turns is a straight line. Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral turns is a curved line.

[0043] Preferably, multiple points on the spiral are connected to one or more bar-like fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between each turn of the spiral.

[0044] Furthermore, the type II support device comprises a short-tube composite device, and the short-tube composite device has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0045] (1) The short pipe composite device is a single-section short pipe composite device.

[0046] The single-section short pipe composite device is characterized in that all the short pipes have the same cross-sectional shape and size, and at least two adjacent short pipes have such cross-sectional shapes and sizes, with a gap between their adjacent end faces.

[0047] (2) In a single-section short-pipe composite device, there are at least two such adjacent short pipes, with a gap between their end faces, and the at least two adjacent short pipes have the following characteristics: There is no gap between their end faces.

[0048] (3) The short pipe composite device is a multi-type cross-section short pipe composite device; The multi-section short pipe composite device is characterized by at least two adjacent short pipes having different cross-sectional shapes and / or different cross-sectional dimensions.

[0049] (4) In the multiple cross-section short pipe composite device, there are at least two adjacent short pipes as follows, one of which is inserted into the hollow part of the other pipe:

[0050] Preferably, the length of the overlapping portion of the two short tubes is less than half the length of either of the tubes.

[0051] (5) The connecting line of the short tube axes is a straight line.

[0052] (6) The connecting line of the axes of the short pipes is a broken line, and the axes of two or more short pipes are tangent to the same curve.

[0053] (7) Ensure that there is a connection between the short pipes and that their relative positions are fixed to each other.

[0054] Additionally, the Type II support system includes a complete composite of housing segments or an incomplete composite of housing segments, with gaps between the housing segments.

[0055] The housing segments are formed by dividing a single housing, and the housing segments are assembled into a shape and dimensions substantially identical to the shape and dimensions of the housing before division. The housing has a closed cavity before division, and a complete composite assembly of the housing segments includes all the segments of one housing, and an incomplete composite assembly of the housing segments includes only some of the segments of one housing.

[0056] Preferably there is a connection between the housing segments to ensure that there is a fixed relative position to one another.

[0057] Furthermore, the support device includes a type III support device.

[0058] The type III support device comprises a device a and a device b, and the device a is entirely surrounded by the device b, or at least a part of the device a is surrounded by the device b, The options for the device a include a closed housing with holes a11, a closed housing with incomplete holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single-turn circular spiral belt a31, a multiple-turn circular spiral belt a32, a single-turn circular spiral a41, a multiple-turn circular spiral a42, a single-type short-pipe cross-section composite device a51, a multiple-type short-pipe cross-section composite device b52, a housing segment part complete composite device a61, and a housing segment part incomplete composite device a62; The options for the device b include a closed housing with holes b11, a closed housing with incomplete holes b12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall b2, a single-turn circular spiral belt b31, a multiple-turn circular spiral belt b32, a single-turn circular spiral b41, a multiple-turn circular spiral belt b42, a single-section short pipe compounding device b51, a multiple-section short pipe compounding device b52, a housing dividing tool completely compounding device b61, and a housing dividing tool incompletely compounding device b62.

[0059] Furthermore, in the single cross-section short pipe composite device a51, the cross-sectional contour of the short pipe is a closed wave curve, a closed trapezoidal wave curve, or a closed zigzag curve.

[0060] In the short pipe composite device b52 of various cross sections, the cross-sectional contour of at least one short pipe is a closed wave curve, a closed trapezoidal wave curve, or a closed sawtooth curve.

[0061] Furthermore, the support device includes a type III support device, and the type III support device includes a device c and a device d; The device c is selected from a closed housing a11 with a hole, a closed housing a12 with an incomplete hole, and a pipe a2 with a hole in the pipe wall.

[0062] The device d is selected from a pipe with a longitudinal seam d1, a long strip shield d22, a block shield d3, a non-closing annular shield d4.

[0063] Device d is located outside the outer surface of device c.

[0064] At least some of the holes in the housing wall or pipe wall of the device c face areas without holes or gaps in the device d.

[0065] Preferably, when the device c is a closed housing with a hole a11 or a closed housing with an incomplete hole a12, the device d is a long shield d21 or a block-shaped shield d3.

[0066] Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with a hole in the pipe wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a vertical gap, or a straight, long shield d22, or a block-shaped shield d3, or a non-closed annular shield d4.

[0067] Preferably, the hole in the pipe wall of the perforated pipe c2 faces an area without a gap on the inner wall of the pipe d1 having a vertical gap, or faces an area without a hole on the inner surface of a straight, elongated shielding member d22, or a block-shaped shielding member d3, or an area without a gap on the inner surface of an open, ring-shaped shielding member d4.

[0068] Furthermore, the longitudinal cross-sectional contour of at least one elongated shielding object d22 is ripple-shaped, trapezoidal-wave-shaped, or jagged-shaped.

[0069] Furthermore, the support apparatus is a type IV support apparatus, and the type IV support apparatus includes apparatus e and apparatus f; The device e is a housing with a hole, and its options include a housing with a hole a11, a housing with an incomplete hole a12, and a tube with a hole in the tube wall a2.

[0070] The device f is a connecting passage extension device.

[0071] Furthermore, the connecting passage extension device includes a thin tube f1, each of the thin tubes f1 is connected to the device e, and each tube hole of the thin tube f1 faces a hole of the device e, so that the flowable medium can pass through the hole of the device e and the hole of the thin tube f1.

[0072] Furthermore, the connecting passage extension device comprises several pairs of thin plates f2, and there is a gap between each pair of thin plates, and the gap where one or more holes of the device e are located is the extension part of the connecting passage.

[0073] Furthermore, (1) at least one thin plate among the at least one set of thin plates used as the connecting passage extension device is parallel to the axis of the pipe, or (2) At least one of the pair of thin plates used as the connecting passage extension device is perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.

[0074] Furthermore, the several pairs of thin plates f2 comprise at least one pair of spiral thin plates, the spiral thin plates surround the device e, and a plurality of holes on the device e, in which the spacing between the two spiral thin plates is constant or varies within a certain range, are located in the gaps between the spiral thin plates of the same pair.

[0075] Furthermore, in the type III or type IV support device, the connecting passage between the inner region and the peripheral region of the support device includes a bent portion or a transition portion.

[0076] Furthermore, the support device is a V-shaped support device, and the V-shaped support device includes a three-dimensional spiral device or a three-dimensional ring device.

[0077] In the helical clearance region between two adjacent turns of the helical device, the axial dimension H1 of the helical clearance region of each turn is less than the radial dimension R1, where R1 is the minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries of the helical clearance region in a cross-section.

[0078] Between the three-dimensional annular devices are three-dimensional annular clearance regions, each having an axial dimension H1 that is less than a radial dimension R1, where R1 is the minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries of the annular region in a cross-section.

[0079] Preferably, the ratio R1 / H1 of R1 to H1 is in the range of 1 <R1 / H1 ≦ 5、または5<R1 / H1 ≦ 10、または10<R1 / H1 ≦ 15、またはR1 / H1> It is 15.

[0080] Furthermore, the V-shaped support device has one of the following characteristics: (1) The V-shaped support device is made of a long material that has been folded repeatedly, and the long material has regularly distributed holes. After the folding is completed, the geometric centers of the holes are located on the same straight line or on the same regular curve.

[0081] Preferably, the regular curve is an arched curve.

[0082] Preferably, said holes are circular, or oval, or polygonal, or rounded corner polygonal.

[0083] (2) The V-shaped support device is assembled with a plurality of perforated sheet devices, and the geometric centers of the holes are located on the same straight line or on the same regular curve.

[0084] Preferably, in cross section, the selected ranges of the outer closed curve and the inner closed curve of the area in which the seat device is located comprise the boundary of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, a polygon with rounded corners, or a closed line made up of curves and straight lines.

[0085] (3) If the axis of the support device is curved, a slit-type thin-walled protective device or / and a single wire protective device or / and a wire mesh protective bag type pressure supply device shall be adopted.

[0086] Furthermore, the support device is a VI type support device.

[0087] The VI type support apparatus includes a device g and a device h, and the device g is entirely surrounded by the device h, or at least a part of the device g is surrounded by the device h; The options for the device g include a closed housing with holes a11, an incomplete closed housing with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single-turn circular spiral belt a31, a multiple-turn circular spiral belt a32, a single-type round spiral a41, a multiple-type round spiral a42, a single-type short-pipe cross-section composite device a51, a multiple-type short-pipe cross-section composite device a52, a housing segment part complete composite device a61, and a housing segment part incomplete composite device a62.

[0088] The device b has a feature that the area enclosed by the device b in cross section can be changed.

[0089] Furthermore, the device b is a constant circumference device or a variable circumference device.

[0090] The constant circumference device is a thin-walled tube having the following characteristics: the curvature of at least two points on the outer boundary of the thin-walled tube is different in the cross section, and when the cross section becomes circular, the area of ​​the cross section increases, and the length of the outer boundary of the thin-walled tube remains almost constant during the process of becoming circular.

[0091] The variable perimeter device is characterized in that in cross section the device achieves a change in enclosed area due to a change in perimeter.

[0092] Preferably, the variable circumference device is a cylinder wound with a thin-walled material, and overlapping portions of the thin-walled material within the cylinder exist on the cross section, and the overlapping portions of the thin-walled material can slide relative to each other.

[0093] Furthermore, the support device is a type VII support device, The type VII support device is spiral, its cross section is spiral, it has a stable shape, and there are gaps between each coil, which can be used as connecting passages to connect the internal region and the peripheral region.

[0094] Furthermore, the spiral has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0095] (1) At least one of the spirals has a ratio of circumferential length to minimum circumferential thickness of less than 100, less than 50, less than 30, or less than 10. (2) At least two adjacent turns of the spiral are characterized in that a connecting means is present between the two adjacent turns, and the connecting device can prevent relative movement between the two adjacent turns or reduce relative movement between the two adjacent rings.

[0096] (3) The surface of the spiral has a convex area to enhance the adhesive force and shear strength between the solid-fluid-solid conversion material in contact with the spiral surface.

[0097] (4) At least one of the spiral rings has at least one passage hole.

[0098] The passage holes are holes on the spiral having a size and shape suitable for the passage of a fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state therethrough, and the passage holes are part of a passage connecting the interior and peripheral regions of the spiral.

[0099] (5) The material for making the spiral is selected from steel plate or iron plate.

[0100] (6) The spiral is made of a plate material that is curled, and before curling, the plate material has regularly distributed holes, and after the plate material is curled, these holes become the connecting passages or parts of the connecting passages of the support device.

[0101] Preferably, at least one turn of the coil, after winding, faces an area without holes on the ring adjacent to one or both sides, where there are passage holes on the ring.

[0102] Furthermore, the selection range of the pressure device includes a pressure device, an energy storage device, and a pressure energy storage device.

[0103] (1) The pressure device is capable of changing and / or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact therewith.

[0104] (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics: When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy.

[0105] (3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B: The characteristic A is A pressurized energy storage device is one that is capable of varying and / or maintaining pressure between its outer surface and a medium in contact with it.

[0106] The characteristic B is: With other influencing factors remaining unchanged, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the device decreases and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

[0107] Furthermore, (1) the range of options for the pressurizing device includes a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized liquid bag, and a self-inflating device.

[0108] (2) The energy storage device options include gas bags, gas-to-liquid bags, energy storage liquid bags, solid elastomeric energy storage devices, and elastic housing energy storage devices.

[0109] (3) The range of options for the pressurized energy storage device includes a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and a self-inflating device.

[0110] Preferably, the self-inflating device is a Type A self-inflating device, and the Type A self-inflating device is a Type A1 self-inflating device. Preferably, the Type A1 self-inflating device is a Type A1a or / and Type A1b self-inflating device.

[0111] Preferably, the self-inflating device is a Type B self-inflating device.

[0112] Furthermore, the selection range of gas bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurized energy storage device includes a normal gas bag, an upper limit gas bag, a lower limit gas bag and a double limit gas bag.

[0113] The selection range of gas-liquid bags used as the pressurizing device, energy storage device and pressurized energy storage device includes normal gas-liquid bags, upper limit gas-liquid bags, lower limit gas-liquid bags and double limit gas-liquid bags.

[0114] The liquid bag selection range for the pressurizing device, energy storage device and pressurized energy storage device includes a normal liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag, a lower limit liquid bag and a double limit liquid bag. The liquid bag has a pipe line to connect with a hydraulic source, and the liquid bag has a pipe line to connect with a hydraulic source and an accumulator.

[0115] Furthermore, the selection range of the pressurizing device includes a Type A self-inflating device and a Type B self-inflating device, and preferably, the Type A self-inflating device is a Type A1 self-inflating device.

[0116] Furthermore, the composite volume compensation device, when operating in conjunction with a fluid-solid conversion material, has the following characteristics I and II:

[0117] (1) The above-mentioned characteristic I When the fluid solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting passages are adapted for the fluid solid conversion material to flow therethrough.

[0118] (2) the above-mentioned characteristic II; The fluid-solid conversion material, when in the solid state, has the following properties: There is at least one region P, and a one-segment support device is present in region P. When the following condition A and / or condition B are satisfied, the one-segment support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite housing, and the composite housing can bear the pressure transmitted from the external surrounding medium.

[0119] (1) The above-mentioned Condition A The one segment of support device surrounds or surrounds the fluid-solid conversion material, which solidifies and bonds to the support device.

[0120] (2) The above-mentioned Condition B The passageway connecting the interior and peripheral regions of the support device is filled with a fluid-to-solid conversion material that has become solid and bonded to the support device.

[0121] The fluid-solid conversion material can be in a fluid state and a solid state, and can be converted from the fluid state into the solid state. Furthermore, the support device, the pressure supply device, and the fluid-solid conversion material have at least one of the following characteristics:

[0122] (1) The apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are significantly lower than those of any stage of the fluid-solid conversion material, where the stage refers to any stage in the process of the material changing from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength.

[0123] (2) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches its designed strength, the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the composite housing of the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting device are much higher than the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device, respectively.

[0124] (3) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches its design strength, the composite housing consisting of the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device can withstand a maximum pressure applied to the surrounding medium that is much higher than the pressure that the pressure supply device supplies to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device is operating alone.

[0125] (4) The outer surface of the non-perforated portion of the support device is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure applied to the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure-feeding device to the surrounding medium when the pressure-feeding device is operating alone.

[0126] (5) The apparent rigidity of the non-hole portion of the support device is much higher than the apparent rigidity of the pressure device.

[0127] (2) Pressure device using osmotic pressure This is a pressurizing device that utilizes osmotic pressure, and is equipped with a container P, a cavity Q, and an osmotic membrane, and has the following characteristics.

[0128] (1) A zero or non-zero concentration solution is present in the container P, a non-zero concentration solution is present in the cavity Q, and the osmotic pressure of the solution in the cavity Q is greater than or equal to zero for at least a certain period of time.

[0129] (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can only enter the cavity Q through the permeable membrane.

[0130] (3) The cavity Q has at least one of the following two characteristics: (i) In the housing surrounding the cavity Q, the structure and / or material of at least a portion of the housing is adapted to the increase and / or decrease in the volume of the cavity Q.

[0131] (ii) There is a cavity R that communicates with the cavity Q. In a housing that surrounds the cavity R, the structure and / or material of at least a part of the housing is adapted to the volume of the cavity R increasing or decreasing.

[0132] The container P includes an open container or / and a closed cavity.

[0133] Furthermore, it has the following characteristics A and / or B, (1) The aforementioned Feature A As the volume of cavity Q expands or contracts, the enclosed volume of the outer surface of the housing surrounding cavity Q expands or contracts; or As the volume of cavity Q expands or contracts, the spatial region occupied by the housing surrounding cavity Q expands or contracts.

[0134] (2) The aforementioned Feature B As the volume of cavity R expands or contracts, the enclosed volume of the outer surface of the housing surrounding cavity R expands or contracts; or As the volume of cavity R expands or contracts, the spatial region occupied by the housing surrounding cavity R expands or contracts.

[0135] Furthermore, in the container P, the solvent is water, and the solute is a salt and / or an alkali, or a salt and / or an acid, or the solute is an organic substance having osmotic pressure.

[0136] Furthermore, in said cavity Q, the solution has the following properties:

[0137] (1) The solvent is water.

[0138] (2) The solute may be one, two, or three of the following: a liquid solute, a salt, or an alkali; or Solutes may contain one, two, or three of the following: liquid solutes, salts, and acids.

[0139] Preferably, the liquid solute comprises an alcohol.

[0140] Furthermore, in the cavity Q and / or the cavity R, there is still a solid that has not yet dissolved.

[0141] Furthermore, the container P is provided with a solvent supply line that does not come into contact with the solution, to prevent the solvent from diffusing along the line.

[0142] In addition, there is an electronic pressure control system, which has the following characteristics:

[0143] (1) The solution in container P is a non-zero concentration solution.

[0144] (2) The vessel P is provided with a solvent supply line.

[0145] (3) The system comprises a pressure sensor installed in cavity Q, an electric valve installed in the solvent supply line, and a main control device, and the pressure sensor and the electric valve are each connected to the main control device via lead wires.

[0146] If the fluid pressure in cavity Q is less than the first predetermined value p1, the pressure sensor transmits a pressure signal to the master controller, which then sends an open signal to the motorized valve via the lead wire. The motorized valve receives the signal and enters an open state, allowing the solvent to flow into container P.

[0147] If the fluid pressure in cavity Q is greater than the second predetermined value p2, the master controller will send a close signal to the motorized valve after receiving the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, and the motorized valve will enter a closed state after receiving the signal, preventing the solvent from flowing into container P.

[0148] Here, the second predetermined value p2 is equal to or greater than the first predetermined value p1.

[0149] Furthermore, there is a hydraulic drive control system, which includes a pressure transmission line and a hydraulic control valve, one end of the pressure transmission line being in cavity Q or R, and the other end being connected to the hydraulic drive valve.

[0150] When the pressure in cavity Q or R, as measured in the pressure transmission line, falls below a first predetermined value p1, the hydraulically operated valve is in an open state and fluid in the solvent supply line flows into container P.

[0151] If the pressure in the pressure transmission line is greater than a second predetermined value p2, the valve is in a closed state and fluid in the solvent supply line cannot flow into the container P.

[0152] Here, the second predetermined value p2 is equal to or greater than the first predetermined value p1.

[0153] Furthermore, (1) the concentration of the solution in cavity Q is greater than or equal to the concentration of the solution in cavity R, at least during a certain period of time.

[0154] (2) There is a check valve between the cavity Q and the cavity R, so that the solution in the cavity Q can enter the cavity R, but the solution in the cavity R cannot enter the cavity Q.

[0155] Furthermore, a storage tank and the container P are connected by a pipe line, and the storage tank stores undissolved solids and / or liquids.

[0156] (3) Liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device Liquid absorption, expansion and pressurization device including expansion material and liquid guide passage (1) The expanding material has the following properties: a. It can absorb liquid and expand.

[0157] b. It can react physically and / or chemically with liquids and expand.

[0158] (2) The liquid-conducting passage has the following characteristics:

[0159] The liquid can pass along the liquid-conducting passageway and into the expansion material.

[0160] Furthermore, the form of the expandable material includes a solid continuum, solid granules, and liquid.

[0161] Furthermore, the selection range of the expansion material is organic expansion material, inorganic expansion material, and The range of organic expanding materials includes absorbent resins, absorbent rubber, polyurethane paste, dry pressed wood, and the range of inorganic expanding materials includes illi stone, montmorillonite, bentonite, calcium oxide.

[0162] Furthermore, the water-absorbing resin is water-absorbing resin particles, the water-absorbing rubber is a water-absorbing rubber continuum and / or water-absorbing rubber granules, and the dry-compressed wood is a wood continuum or wood particles.

[0163] The irrigation stone is irrigation stone particles, the montmorillonite is montmorillonite particles, the bentonite is bentonite particles, and the calcium oxide is calcium oxide masses or / and calcium oxide particles; preferably, the particulate inorganic expandable material is compacted as a result.

[0164] Furthermore, the liquid-conducting passage is provided by at least one of the following materials or devices: liquid-conducting fibers, liquid-conducting thin layer materials, granular regions, multi-porous materials, and exudate piping; The liquid-conducting fibers have the property that liquid can move inside and / or on the surface of the fiber along the longitudinal direction of the fiber; preferably, liquid can enter the medium surrounding the fiber from the ends and / or sides of the fiber, preferably, the liquid-conducting fibers are short fibers, preferably, the liquid-conducting fibers are continuous fibers; The liquid-conducting thin layer material (1) allows liquid to flow through voids within the thickness range of the thin layer material, and (2) allows liquid to seep into or penetrate at least one of the two surfaces of the thin layer material.

[0165] The granular region is a space of a certain shape, filled with solid granules, and liquid can flow through the gaps between the solid granules. Preferably, the particles include particles that are visible to the naked eye. Preferably, the particles include particles in a powder. The upper limit of the particle size is 1 to 10 mm, or 10 to 70 mm, or 70 to 600 mm, more preferably 600 to 1000 μm, or 1 to 2.5 mm, or 2.5 to 5 mm, or 5 to 10 mm, or greater than 10 mm. Preferably, the ratio of the upper limit to the lower limit of the particle size is in the range of less than 0.00001, or 0.00001 to 0.0001, or 0.0001 to 0.001, or 0.001 to 0.01, 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.1 to 0.9, or 0.9 to 1.0.

[0166] The multi-porous material is characterized by the presence of numerous interconnected voids within the material, through which liquid can flow.

[0167] The characteristics of the exudate piping are: (1) liquid can flow through the hollow portion of the pipe; and (2) liquid can exude and / or penetrate through the pipe wall.

[0168] Furthermore, the type of the liquid flow path in the expansion device includes at least one of type A, type B, type C, type D and type E.

[0169] (4) Composite volume compensator 2 It is a complex volume compensator including a support device and a pressure supply device, and its features include: (1) The support device is any of the support devices described above.

[0170] (2) The pressure supply device is any one of the above-mentioned pressure supply devices that utilizes osmotic pressure.

[0171] It is a complex volume compensator including a support device and a pressure supply device, and its features include: (1) The support device is any of the support devices described above.

[0172] (2) The pressure supply device is any one of the liquid suction, expansion and pressurization devices described above.

[0173] (5) Method for manufacturing a composite volume compensator A method for manufacturing a complex volume compensator, characterized in that the manufactured complex volume compensator is one of the complex volume compensators described above.

[0174] A method of applying pressure to a surrounding medium using a complex volume compensator, characterized by: (1) The complex volume compensator is any of the complex volume compensators described above.

[0175] (2) In the process of using the composite volume compensation device to provide pressure, in addition to using the support device and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is required.

[0176] The fluid-solid conversion material is a material that can enter a solid state from a fluid state.

[0177] (3) The spatial relationship between the support device, the pressure device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the composite volume compensation device has the following characteristics:

[0178] a fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a portion of a gap between an inner wall of the support device and an outer surface of the pressure supply device, and / or a fluid-solid conversion material is present in an outer peripheral space region of at least a portion of the support device; (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, a. When the pressure applied to the external medium by the fluid solid conversion material outside the support device increases, the fluid solid conversion material flows through the connecting passage into the cavity surrounded by the support device, pushing out the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device, thereby increasing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity and causing the fluid solid conversion material to flow out of the support device; or / and, b. When the apparent volume of the supplying device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material in the internal region of the supporting device flows out of the supporting device through the connecting passage. When the apparent volume of the supplying device decreases, the fluid-solid conversion material around the external periphery of the supporting device is subjected to the pressure of the surrounding medium, and the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the internal region of the supporting device through the connecting passage.

[0179] (5) Fluid-Solid Conversion: When the material is in a solid state The fluid-solid conversion material is coupled with the support device to form a composite housing, the composite housing being capable of resisting pressure from an external medium.

[0180] (6) Materials Composite structural member including parts A, B, and C (1) Among them, (1) The part A is a solid device, and part A has one or more cavities, and part B and part C are present in at least one cavity.

[0181] (2) At least one of the cavities is a single-communicated region cavity, or / and at least one of the cavities is a multiple-communicated region cavity. In the single-communicated region cavity, the spatial region in which the cavity is located is a single-communicated region in any cross-section of the cavity. In the multiple-communicated region cavity, there is at least one such cross-section. The spatial region in which the cavity is located in the cross-section is a multiple-communicated region.

[0182] (3) Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0183] (4) The part C includes at least one of the following eight items a to h: One or more complex product compensators.

[0184] b. Residue of one or more complex product compensators.

[0185] c. At least one blank area is devoid of any device or material, which area was previously occupied by said composite product compensator.

[0186] d. One or more independent pressure supply devices.

[0187] e. Residues of one or more independent pressure supply systems.

[0188] f. At least one blank area, where no equipment or materials are present, is once occupied by an independent pressure supply device.

[0189] g. One or more restraining hoops.

[0190] h. One or more auxiliary carrier devices.

[0191] (2) Among them, (1) The complex volume compensator is any one of the complex volume compensators described above, and each complex volume compensator includes a support device and a pressure supply device.

[0192] (2) The independent pressure supply device may be any of the above-mentioned pressure supply devices, the above-mentioned pressurizing device utilizing osmotic pressure, or the above-mentioned liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurizing device.

[0193] (3) The restraining hoop is a reinforcing bar cage, which only emphasizes the hoop function of the reinforcing bar cage and does not restrict the performance of the longitudinal reinforcing bars.

[0194] (4) The role of the auxiliary supporting device is to bear the load in a certain direction together with the material in part B in the cavity.

[0195] (5) The remainder of said composite volume compensator is a part, or several parts, or the whole of said device, but the function of said device is lost.

[0196] (6) The remainder of the independent pressure supply system, whether part, partial, or the whole of the system, has already lost its function as a pressure supply system.

[0197] Furthermore, the selection range of the auxiliary carrying device is as follows: Assemble a device made of steel profiles, prefabricated elements, natural stone, a device assembled from a plurality of prefabricated elements, a device made of a plurality of stacked natural stone elements, or an assembled device made of preforms and natural stone elements.

[0198] Furthermore, the fluid-solid conversion material is present, at least for a portion of the time, in at least one of the following three regions: an interior region of the support device, a peripheral region of the support device, and a region corresponding to the connecting passageway.

[0199] Furthermore, in the cavity having the portion A, the range of materials to be selected for the portion B includes the following four categories:

[0200] (1) Cement-based material Preferably, the cement base material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, normal strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete.

[0201] (2) A mixture of a cement-based material and a polymeric material, in which the cement is involved in hydration; Preferably, the polymeric material is a polymeric emulsion.

[0202] Preferably, the polymer material contains an epoxy resin and is a polymer material that can harden itself.

[0203] (3) Polymeric materials that can harden themselves The self-curable polymeric material includes an epoxy resin.

[0204] (4) A mixture of polymeric material with solid powder and / or solid granules Preferably, the material of Part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder. The material of Part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid granule. Preferably, the material of Part B is a mixture of a polymeric material, a solid powder, and a solid granule.

[0205] Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder, and the solid granules are metal particles or inorganic non-metallic material particles. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are powder and stone, respectively.

[0206] Furthermore, the cavities of the part A are filled with M kinds of material of the part B,

number

number

number

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number

[0207] Furthermore, in the cavity of the portion A, the material of the portion B has at least the following characteristic I or characteristic II.

[0208] (1) The characteristic I is that the material of the part B has at least one of the following characteristics A and B.

[0209] (1) The aforementioned Feature A There is at least one m and one n, where 1≦m≦M, 1≦n≦M, M≧2, m≠n are satisfied, and there is at least one time period corresponding to the m and n, and in this time period:

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number

[0210] (2) The aforementioned Feature B There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≦m≦M, 1≦n≦M, M≧2, m≠n, and the corresponding

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number

[0211] (i)

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number

number

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[0212] (2) The above feature II is that there is at least one k, where 1≦k≦M is satisfied, and the corresponding

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[0213] (ii) Feature B The aforementioned

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[0214] (iii) Feature C The aforementioned

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[0215] Furthermore, when at least one composite volume compensation device is present in the cavity of the part A, and a material of the part B contacting the outer surface of the support device is in a flowable state, the composite structural member has the following feature A and / or feature B: (1) The aforementioned Feature A When the volume of the material in part B between the outer surface of the supporting device and the inner wall of part A decreases, or when the material in part B in that area flows out, or when the space occupied by other devices or materials in this area is given up, or when the volume of the cavity in part A increases, the pressure supply device in the internal area of ​​the supporting device expands in volume, and forces the material in part B in the internal area of ​​the supporting device to flow through the connecting passage into the external surrounding space area of ​​the supporting device.

[0216] When the volume of the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A increases, or the space occupied by the material that is part B in that area is compressed, or the volume of the cavity that part A has decreases, the pressure supply device in the internal area of ​​the support device contracts in volume, and the material that is part B in the peripheral area of ​​the support device flows into the internal area of ​​the support device through the connecting passage.

[0217] (2) The aforementioned Feature B (i) When a pressure change occurs in the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device, the material in part B in the internal region of the support device passes through the connecting passage and transmits the pressure change to the material in part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A.

[0218] If a pressure change occurs in the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, this change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the interior region of the support device.

[0219] or / and, (ii) When the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device expands in volume, the material in part B in the internal region of the support device passes through the connecting passage and flows into the region between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A.

[0220] When the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device contracts in volume and there is compressive stress in the B material between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, the B material between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A will enter the cavity of the support device through the connecting passage.

[0221] Furthermore, in the cavity of part A, after the material of part B, which is in contact with the outer surface of the support device, solidifies and has a certain strength, the material of part B adheres to the support device to form a composite housing, and the composite housing as a whole resists the pressure of the external medium.

[0222] Furthermore, in the cavity of the part A, the support device, the pressure supply device, and the material of the part B have at least one of the following characteristics:

[0223] (1) The apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus and volume deformation modulus of any stage of the material of part B. The any stage refers to the process in which the material changes from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength.

[0224] (2) When the material of part B solidifies and reaches its design strength, the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the composite housing consisting of the material of part B and the support device are much higher than the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure device, respectively.

[0225] (3) When the material of part B solidifies and reaches its design strength, the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium that the composite housing consisting of the material of part B and the support device can withstand is much higher than the pressure that the pressure supply device supplies to the surrounding medium when operating alone.

[0226] (4) The outer surface of the non-perforated portion of the support device is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure applied to the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device is operating alone.

[0227] (5) The apparent rigidity of the non-hole portion of the support device is much higher than the apparent rigidity of the pressure device.

[0228] Furthermore, the axis of at least one segment of the axis of the member may be straight or curved, and the range of curved options includes an arch curve.

[0229] Furthermore, within one or more segments or the entire length of the member, the outline of the cross section of the member and / or the outline of the cross section of the cavity of the portion A has the following characteristics: The graphic form is a graphic form enclosed by straight lines and / or curves, and the selection range of the enclosed graphic form includes at least convex graphic forms. The selection range of the convex graphic forms includes at least convex curved graphic forms, convex polygonal forms, and convex rounded polygonal forms, and the selection range of the convex curved graphic forms includes at least circles and ellipses.

[0230] Furthermore, the cross section of said member has one of the following characteristics:

[0231] (1) At least within a certain range of the length of the member, the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the member are the same at different positions along the length.

[0232] (2) At least within a certain range of the length of the member, the cross sections of the member at different positions along the length have similar shapes and different dimensions.

[0233] (3) At least within a certain length of the member, there are at least two different positions in the longitudinal direction, and the cross-sectional shapes of the member at these two positions are dissimilar and the dimensions are different.

[0234] Furthermore, in the cavity of the part A, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, M≧2, and i≠j are satisfied, and the corresponding

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[0235] (1) The above

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[0236] (2) The above

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[0237] (3) The above

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[0238] Preferably, in composite structural members used as columns, the isolation device is a thin steel cylinder,

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[0239] Furthermore, the member may be a constant cross-section compression member whose axis is a straight line, or a constant cross-section compression member whose axis is an arch curve.

[0240] The uniform cross section means that the shape enclosed by the cross-sectional contour of the member is the same at different positions in the axial direction, except for both ends.

[0241] Preferably, the constant cross-section compression member having a straight axis is a rectangular column, a circular column, or a rounded rectangular column.

[0242] Furthermore, the part A comprises a tube and sealing devices at both ends, the sealing devices sealing the tube holes at both ends of the tube. A composite volume compensation device, the characteristics of which include the composite structural member and / or the member as described above.

[0243] Furthermore, the member is a lattice column or a truss.

[0244] (7) Manufacturing method of components This is a method for manufacturing a composite structural member, characterized in that the member to be manufactured is any of the members described above.

[0245] It is a method for manufacturing composite structural members, and its characteristics include: (1) The component includes part A and part B.

[0246] (2) The member includes part C and / or the member includes part C at least for a certain period of time.

[0247] Among them, (1) The method for producing the above-mentioned product includes the following steps: (1) Part A and part C are obtained. Part A has at least one cavity.

[0248] (2) Part C is placed in the cavity of part A, and the cavity of part A is filled with the material of part B.

[0249] (4) Control the pressure and temperature of part B so that, at least during a certain period of time, the pressure of the material in part B is higher than normal pressure and / or the temperature is higher than normal temperature.

[0250] (2) Among them, (1) Part A is a solid-state device.

[0251] (2) Part B includes one or more solidifiable materials that occupy different spatial regions in the cavity of Part A. During filling and for a time after filling is complete, the material of Part B is in a flowable state.

[0252] (3) The part C includes one or more complex product compensators. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0253] [Figure 1] I-type support device cross section [Figure 2] Longitudinal cross section of an open-ended I-type support device, including a long bag-type feeder. [Figure 3] Longitudinal cross section of an open-end I-type support device, including a distributed short-column bag-type pressure supply device in the interior area [Figure 4] Longitudinal section of a butt-type I-type support system, including a distributed short-column bag-type pressure supply system in the internal area [Figure 5] Longitudinal section of a butt-type I-type support system, containing multiple small spherical bag-type energy storage devices in the interior area. [Figure 6] A longitudinal cross-sectional view of a spiral belt type II support device, or a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a spiral belt type lateral restraint device [Figure 7] Plan view of spiral belt type II support device, or plan view of spiral belt type lateral restraint device [Figure 8] Vertical section of spiral type II support device, or vertical section of spiral reinforcing bar lateral restraint device [Figure 9] Longitudinal cross-section of short-pipe composite type II support device, or longitudinal cross-section of short-pipe composite lateral restraint device [Figure 10]Cross-sectional view of a short-tube composite type II support device, or cross-sectional view of a short-tube composite lateral restraint device [Figure 11] Longitudinal cross section of short-pipe composite type III support device [Figure 12] Cross-sectional view of short-pipe composite type II support device [Figure 13] Type III support device horizontal d part, vertical jointed pipe d1 [Figure 14] Cross-sectional shape of the brittle shell [Figure 15] Schematic diagram of a chemical reaction self-expansion device [Figure 16] Schematic diagram of a chemical reaction self-expansion device [Figure 17] Cross-sectional shape of the lower bag support [Figure 18] The lower limit bag is pressed down to the lower limit [Figure 19] The bag wall of the lower bag is fully expanded [Figure 20] Operation principle of the composite volume compensator [Figure 21] Longitudinal cross section of long-tube composite type III support device [Figure 22] Cross section of long-tube composite type III support device, section AA [Figure 23] Cross-sectional view of long-tube composite type III support device, section BB [Figure 24] Long and short pipe combined type III support device longitudinal cross section [Figure 25] Cross-sectional view of long and short pipe combined type III support device, section AA [Figure 26] Cross-sectional view of long and short pipe combined type III support device, section BB [Figure 27] A longitudinal cross-sectional view of a Type III support device including a long shielding object. [Figure 28] The Type III support device includes a long shielding object, and the test diagram [Figure 29] The Type III support device includes a long shielding object, and the cross section [Figure 30] Longitudinal section of a type III support device including a corrugated short tube. [Figure 31] Cross-sectional view of a type III support device including a corrugated short tube [Figure 32] Cross section of IV-type support device including connecting passage extension pipe [Figure 33] Vertical section of IV-type support device including connecting passage extension pipe [Figure 34] Cross section of IV-type support device including connecting passage extension plate [Figure 35] A longitudinal cross-sectional view of the IV-type support device including the connecting passage extension plate [Figure 36] The V-shaped support device is a three-dimensional spiral device. [Figure 37] A thin protective device is fitted to the outside of the bag-type pressure supply device, [Figure 38] The V-shaped support device is a cross-sectional view of a long piece of material with holes folded repeatedly. [Figure 39] The V-shaped support device is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a long material with holes that is repeatedly folded. [Figure 40] The V-shaped support device is assembled with a circular hole seat device, and the cross section [Figure 41] The V-shaped support device is assembled with a circular hole seat device, and the longitudinal section [Figure 42] The VI type support device is equipped with a constant circumference device [Figure 43] A VI-type support device, the device for changing the circumference is a thin tin-wrapped cylinder [Figure 44] Type VI support device, the support device is a spiral [Figure 45] Integrated pressure device using osmotic pressure, pressureless control system [Figure 46] Integrated pressure device using osmotic pressure, pressure control system with hydraulic drive [Figure 47] Hydraulically actuated valve, closed position [Figure 48] Hydraulically actuated valve, open [Figure 49] Pressure source for separate pressure device using osmotic pressure, electrically operated pressure control system [Figure 50] storage tank [Figure 51]The pressure source in the separated pressure device using osmotic pressure is used in conjunction with a tank and a pressure control system with hydraulic drive. [Figure 52] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device uses the Type 1 liquid guide system, cross section [Figure 53] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the Type 1 liquid guide system, and the longitudinal cross section [Figure 54] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device uses the Type 1 liquid guide method and is wrapped with a construction cover. [Figure 55] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the Type 2 liquid guide system, cross section [Figure 56] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device uses the Type 2 liquid guide system, and the longitudinal cross section [Figure 57] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts a T-type liquid guide system. [Figure 58] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts a T-type liquid guide system. [Figure 59] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts a T-type liquid guide system (multiple narrow bars), and the cross section is [Figure 60] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts a T-shaped liquid guide system (multiple thin strips or repeated folds), and the longitudinal cross section is [Figure 61] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device uses a T-shaped liquid guide system (repeated folding), and the longitudinal cross section [Figure 62] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device uses the Type 1 liquid guide system, cross section [Figure 63] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the Type 1 liquid guide system, and the longitudinal cross section [Figure 64] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the type 1 liquid guide method, cross section [Figure 65] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the type 1 liquid guide method, longitudinal cross section [Figure 66] The liquid absorption expansion pressurizing device adopts the type 1 liquid guide method, and the enlarged view of the local area [Figure 67] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the type C3 liquid guide method, cross section [Figure 68] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the type C3 liquid introduction method, and the longitudinal cross section [Figure 69]The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the type C3 liquid guide method, cross section [Figure 70] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the type 2 liquid guide method, cross section [Figure 71] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts the type 2 liquid guide system, longitudinal cross section [Figure 72] The liquid absorption, expansion and pressure device adopts a T-type liquid guide system, a four-leaf housing, and a cross-sectional view [Figure 73] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, longitudinal section, Example 2.1 [Figure 74] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, cross section, Example 2.1 [Figure 75] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, longitudinal section, Example 2.2 [Figure 76] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, cross section, Example 2.2 [Figure 77] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, cross section, Example 2.2 [Figure 78] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, longitudinal section, Example 2.3 [Figure 79] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, cross section, Example 2.3 [Figure 80] Composite structural member using composite volume compensator, cross section, Example 2.3 [Figure 81] Arched composite structural member using composite volume compensator, longitudinal section, Example 2.4 [Figure 82] Arched Composite Structural Member Using Composite Volume Compensator, Cross Section, Example 2.4 [Figure 83] Representative element H6 - Two types of B material, multiple restraint bands, cross section, Example 2.5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0254] 1. Composite volume compensation device and method for applying pressure to surrounding medium 1.1. Complex product compensator A complex volume compensator, comprising a support device and a pressure supply device, wherein: (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and a peripheral region of the support device, the inner region being circumscribed or surrounded by the support device, and the peripheral region being circumscribed or surrounded by the support device.

[0255] There is a connecting passage between the interior region and the peripheral region.

[0256] (2) All or part of the pressure supply device is located within the interior region of the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure supply device can supply pressure to a medium in contact therewith.

[0257] The support device options include, but are not limited to, Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, Type V, Type VI, and Type VIII support devices.

[0258] The supporting device is made of a solid material having a certain strength. Preferably, the supporting device is made of a material selected from a metal material, an inorganic non-metal material, a polymer material, and a fiber composite material. Preferably, the metal material is selected from steel, cast iron, and aluminum. Preferably, the fiber-reinforced composite material is selected from a fiber-reinforced metal composite material, a fiber-reinforced non-metal material, and a mixture of a fiber-reinforced polymer material and solid granules.

[0259] 《1.2.》I-type support device The I-shaped support device includes a housing with a slot.

[0260] Preferably, the perforated housing is a perforated closed housing or an incomplete perforated closed housing. The perforated closed housing is a housing including a closed cavity, and a perforated incomplete sealed housing is a part of a perforated closed housing.

[0261] Preferably, the housing containing the closed cavity has the following selection ranges:

[0262] (1) A spherical housing, an ellipsoidal housing, or any other housing having a typical geometric shape and containing a closed cavity.

[0263] (2) A housing containing a closed cavity consisting of a tube and one or more local representative housings.

[0264] (3) A housing including a closed cavity, the housing having several representative geometric shapes.

[0265] (4) A housing body including a closed cavity consisting of a housing having one or more representative geometric shapes and one or more local representative shells.

[0266] The locally representative housing is a portion of a housing having a representative geometric shape, and the range of options for the housing having the representative geometric shape includes a spherical housing, an ellipsoidal housing, a conical housing, an elliptical housing, a pyramidal housing, a cylindrical housing, a circular trapezoidal housing, a square trapezoidal housing, an elliptical cross-section trapezoidal housing, a saddle-shaped housing, and other representative geometric shapes.

[0267] Preferably, the perforated housing is a tube and has one of the following characteristics:

[0268] (1) There are no closed tubes at either end of the tube hole, and holes may or may not be formed in the tube wall.

[0269] (2) A tube that closes one end of a tube hole, with or without a hole in the wall.

[0270] (3) A tube that blocks both ends of the tube hole, forming a hole in the tube wall.

[0271] Preferably, the axis of the tube is straight. Preferably, the axis of the tube is curved. Of all the cross sections of the tube, at least two cross sections have different or the same dimensions.

[0272] The housing and the tube are outwardly convex.

[0273] The complex volume compensation device employing the I-type support device will be described using the devices shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. These figures are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0274] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of Figures 2, 3, and 4, and the support device in Figure 1 is the same as the support device in Figure 5. Figure 1 shows the following four cases in combination with Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.

[0275] (1) In the combination of Figures 1 and 2, the support device 32 comprises a steel pipe 3201 and a sealing device 3203, of which the steel pipe 3201 has a hole 3202 in its wall, one end of which is an externally convex housing, and the other end of the pipe is internally threaded and connected to the externally threaded sealing device 3203. Such a sealing device has a hole for passing through the pipe 3101. A bag-type pressure supply device 31 is attached to the cavity 331 of the support device 32 and connected to an external fluid pressurizing device via the pipe 3101. When installed, the bag-type pressure supply device 31 is inserted into the steel pipe 3201 from the end with the sealing device 3203, and the sealing device 3203 is screwed in. In the support device, the cavity 331 is the internal region of the support device, and the hole 3202 in the pipe wall is the connecting passage.

[0276] (2) In the combination of Figures 1 and 3, the support device is almost the same as that in Figure 2, except that there is no hole in the sealing device 3203 in Figure 3. The pressure supply device in Figure 3 is a distributed bag, which includes several short bags 31.

[0277] (3) When combining Figures 1 and 4, the steel pipe number 3201 and pipe hole number 3202 in Figure 1 are changed to 3201 and 3202, respectively, to maintain strict correspondence between the two figures. When combining Figures 1 and 4, the support device includes an upper steel pipe 3201, a lower steel pipe 3201, and a connecting cover 323. The upper steel pipe 3201 and the lower steel pipe 3201 can be separated, and the two are connected by the connecting cover 323 using screws. The support device is divided into upper and lower parts so that the pressure supply device 31 can be inserted into the support device cavity. The upper steel pipe of the support device has a hole 321.02, and the lower steel pipe has a hole 322.02.

[0278] (4) When combining Figures 1 and 5, the steel pipe number 3201 and the pipe hole number 3202 in Figure 1 are changed to 321.01 and 321.02, respectively. When combining Figures 1 and 5, the support device is the same as Figure 4, and the pressure supply device is a dispersion bag and includes several spherical gas bags and / or spherical gas-liquid bags. If necessary, several more solid elastomer spheres can be placed in the inner region 331 of the support device as pressure supply devices.

[0279] The holes 3212 in the tube wall in Figures 1, 2 and 3 are said connecting passages, as are the holes 321.02 and 322.0 in Figures 4 and 5.

[0280] 《1.3.》Type II support device Type II support devices are characterized by the inclusion of a gap or gap, which is a connecting passage between the internal and peripheral areas of the support device. A preferred scheme of Type II support devices is a combination of spiral tape, spiral, short tube combined device and housing segment parts, with at least one of the following in each device:

[0281] 1.3.1. Spiral belt Preferably, the spiral belt is a single-turn circular spiral belt. Preferably, the spiral belt is a multi-turn circular spiral belt.

[0282] The single-turn circular spiral belt has the same cross section in each circumferential region, and there is an axial gap between two adjacent spiral belts. The shape of the spiral tape is similar to the strip material of a spiral steel pipe.

[0283] Figures 6 and 7 show an annular spiral belt 32. In Figure 6, there is a gap 3202 between each turn of the web of material 3201. Figure 7 is a plan view. This view shows that the spiral belt has a circular cross section and that the spiral belt is divided into an inner region 331 and a peripheral region 333 of the spiral belt. The connecting passage between the inner region 331 and the peripheral region 333 is the gap 3202.

[0284] The circular spiral belt with multiple turns is characterized in that the spiral belts of at least two adjacent turns have different cross-sectional shapes and / or sizes of the regions around which they rotate. At least two adjacent spiral belts of the circular spiral belt with multiple turns have an overlapping portion along the length between the adjacent two spiral belt turns, with a gap between the outer surface of one spiral belt turn and the inner surface of the other spiral belt turn in the overlapping portion. It is desirable that two adjacent spiral belts of the circular spiral belt with multiple turns have a gap along the length. Preferably, the overall outer shape of the circular spiral belt with multiple turns is a round table, and preferably, the outer shape of the platform of the circular spiral belt with multiple turns is an ellipse.

[0285] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the single-turn or multi-turn circular spiral belt is outwardly convex. Preferably, the axis of the area around which the single-turn or multi-turn circular spiral belt rotates is straight, and the axis of the area around which the single-turn or multi-turn circular spiral belt rotates is curved. Preferably, the single-turn or multi-turn circular spiral belt has multiple points connected to one or more bar-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between each turn of the spiral belt.

[0286] 1.3.2. Spiral The spiral is characterized in that its shape resembles a helical spring. Preferably, the spiral is a circular spiral with a single turn. Preferably, the spiral is a circular spiral with multiple turns.

[0287] The single-turn circular spiral is characterized in that the cross sections of the regions around which each circular spiral rotates are the same, while the multiple-turn circular spiral is characterized in that the cross sections of the regions around which at least two circular spirals rotate are different.

[0288] Preferably, there is no gap between at least two adjacent spirals in one of the single-turn circular spirals. Preferably, there is a gap between at least two adjacent spiral turns in one of the single-turn circular spirals. Such a spiral is shown in Figure 8. The cross section of the central spiral wire in the figure is circular, and the cross section of the thread material 3201 of the spiral wire is also circular. Every six turns form one cycle. There is no gap between five-turn spirals 3204, and there is a gap 3202 between two-turn spirals, which serves as a connecting passage between the spiral inner region 331 and the peripheral region 333.

[0289] Preferably, the cross sections of the regions surrounding any two adjacent spirals of one of said multiple-turn circular spiral belts are different. Preferably, the overall shape of the spirals is circular, spherical, ellipsoidal, or a part of these geometries.

[0290] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the circumferential region of the single-turn circular and / or multi-turn circular spiral is outwardly convex, and preferably the axis of the circumferential region of both circular spirals is straight. Preferably, the axis of the circumferential region of both circular spirals is curved.

[0291] Preferably, multiple points on the spiral are connected to one or more bar-like fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between each turn of the spiral.

[0292] 《1.3.3.》Short tube composite device The short pipe composite device has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0293] (1) The short pipe composite device is a single-section short pipe composite device.

[0294] The single-section short pipe composite device is characterized in that all the short pipes have the same cross-sectional shape and size, and at least two adjacent short pipes have a gap between their adjacent end faces.

[0295] (2) The short pipe composite device is a multi-section short pipe composite device.

[0296] The multi-section short pipe composite device is characterized in that at least two adjacent short pipes are of this type and have different cross-sectional shapes and / or different cross-sectional dimensions.

[0297] Preferably, in one multiple-section short pipe composite device, there are at least two adjacent short pipes, one of which is inserted into the hollow of the other. Preferably, the overlapping length of the two short pipes is less than half the length of either of the two short pipes. Preferably, a multiple-section short pipe composite device has at least two such short pipes, with a gap between their end faces. In one multiple-section short pipe composite device, (1) only short pipes of two types of cross section are present, with thick and thin pipes alternating; (2) the diameters of the short pipes gradually increase from one end of the composite device to the other, and the overall shape of the device is approximately circular; or (3) the diameters of the short pipes gradually increase from both ends of the composite device to the middle, and the overall shape of the device is approximately that of a jujube kernel.

[0298] Preferably, the outer contour of the cross section of the short pipe is outwardly convex. Preferably, the connecting line of the axes of the short pipe is a straight line. Preferably, the connecting line of the axes of the short pipe is a polygonal line. The axes of two or more short pipes are tangent to the same curve.

[0299] There is a connection between the short tubes to ensure that they have a fixed relative position to each other.

[0300] 9 and 10 show a single-section short-pipe composite device 32, in which there are gaps 3202 between the short pipes 3201, and these gaps 3202 are connecting passages between the inner region 331 and the peripheral region 333, and each short pipe 3201 is connected to four longitudinal reinforcing bars 35 by welding.

[0301] 1.3.4. Housing division part composite device The housing segment combination includes two preferred methods: a housing segment fully combined system and a housing segment partially combined system, in both cases of the housing segment combination, there is a gap between at least two of the housing segments.

[0302] The housing split parts are formed by splitting a single housing, and the housing split parts are assembled into a shape and dimensions that are approximately the same as the shape and dimensions of the housing before splitting. Preferably, the housing has a closed cavity before splitting. The housing split parts include all split parts of a complete composite device, and the housing split parts include only a splitter of a portion of a housing of an incomplete composite device. Preferably, the housing split parts have an external convex shape for complete and incomplete composite devices. Preferably, there is a connection between the housing split parts to ensure that they are fixed in relative position to each other.

[0303] Preferably, the housing used to obtain the housing split parts is a housing having a representative geometric shape.

[0304] 《1.4.》Type III support device 1.4.1. Combination of device a and device b A first preferred embodiment of the type III support device is characterized in that it includes a device a and a device b, and the device a is entirely surrounded by the device b, or at least a part of the device a is circumscribed by the device b.

[0305] The device a is selected from a closed housing with holes a11, a partially closed housing with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single-turn circular spiral belt a31, a multiple-turn circular spiral belt a32, a single-turn round spiral a41, a multiple-turn round spiral a42, a single-section short pipe composite device a51, a multiple-section short pipe composite device a52, a housing segment part complete composite device a61, and a housing segment part incomplete composite device a62.

[0306] The device b is selected from a closed housing with holes b11, a closed housing with incomplete holes b12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall b2, a single-turn circular spiral belt b31, and a multiple-turn circular spiral belt b32. It is also selected from a single-turn circular spiral belt b41, a multiple-turn circular spiral belt b42, a single-section short pipe compound device b51, a multiple-section short pipe compound device b52, a housing segment complete compound device b61, and a housing segment incomplete compound device b62.

[0307] Preferably, in a single-type short pipe composite device b51 or in a multiple-type short pipe composite device b52, a connecting device is present between the short pipes to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between the short pipes, and preferably, a connecting device is present only between each short pipe and device a to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between the short pipes and between the short pipe and device a.

[0308] Preferably, in the single-type short pipe cross-section combining device a51, the cross-sectional contour of the short pipe is a wave-shaped closed curve, a trapezoidal closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve. Preferably, in the multiple-type short pipe cross-section combining device b52, the cross-sectional contour of at least one short pipe is a wave-shaped closed curve, a trapezoidal closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve.

[0309] Figures 11 and 12 show a type III support device. Device a is selected as a single-section short-pipe composite device a51, and device b is selected as a single-section short-pipe composite device b51. Device a51 in the figures includes an inner layer short pipe 3211 and a gap 3212 between the short pipes, and device b51 includes an outer layer short pipe 3221 and a gap 3222 between the short pipes. Device a51 is located in the hollow portion of device b51. The gap 3212 between the inner layer short pipes 3211 faces the inner surface of the outer layer short pipe 3221, and the gap 3222 between the outer layer short pipes 3221 faces the outer surface of the short pipe 3211. The connecting passages connecting the inner region 331 and the peripheral region 333 of the support device 32 are the gaps 3212 between the inner layer short tubes, the gaps 332 between the outer surfaces of the inner layer short tubes 3211 and the inner surfaces of the outer layer short tubes 3221, and the gaps 3222 between the outer layer short tubes. This inner region 331 includes the tube hole region of the short tube 3211 and the region between the tube holes of the adjacent short tubes 3211.

[0310] The short pipe 3211 of the device a51 and the short pipe 3221 of the device b51 are connected to four reinforcing bars 35, and this connection can ensure stable relative positions between all the short pipes.

[0311] The three designs shown in Figures 21 to 31 include Type III composite support devices and will be described in more detail.

[0312] 1.4.2. Combination of device c and device d The second preferred embodiment of the type III support device has the following features: (1) it comprises device c and device d; (2) the options for device c include a closed housing a11 with a hole, a closed housing a12 with an incomplete hole, and a tube a2 with a hole in the tube wall; (3) the options for device d include a long shield d22 including a tube d1 with a vertical gap (FIG. 13), a block-shaped shield d3, and a non-closed annular shield d4; and (4) device d is located outside the outer surface of device c.

[0313] Preferably, at least some of the holes in the housing wall or pipe wall of the device c face the non-hole or non-gap region of the device d.

[0314] Preferably, when the device c is a perforated closure housing a11 or a partial perforated closure housing a12, the device d is a long shield d21 or a block shield d3.

[0315] Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with a hole in the pipe wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a vertical gap, or a straight, long shield d22, or a block-shaped shield d3, or a non-closed annular shield d4.

[0316] Preferably, the holes in the pipe wall of the perforated pipe c2 are directed toward a gap-free area on the inner wall of the pipe d1 having a vertical gap, or toward a gap-free area on the inner surface of a straight, elongated shielding member d22, or toward a gap-free area on the inner surface of a block-shaped shielding member d3, or toward a gap-free area on the inner surface of an open, annular shielding member d4.

[0317] Preferably, the longitudinal cross-sectional contour of at least one elongated shielding object d22 is wave-shaped, trapezoidal-shaped, or saw-shaped.

[0318] Preferably, in the first and second preferred versions of the type III support device, the connecting passage between the inner region and the peripheral region of the support device includes a bent portion or a transition portion.

[0319] The long shield d22 included in the complex volume compensator shown in Figures 27, 28 and 29 is a circular arc plate with holes 322. This will be explained in detail in the following embodiment.

[0320] 《1.5.》Type IV support device The IV type support device comprises device e and device f, device e is a holed housing, and its selection range includes a holed closed housing a11, an incomplete holed closed housing a12, and a holed pipe a2 in the pipe wall, and device f is a connecting passage extension device.

[0321] Preferably, the connecting passage extension device includes a thin pipe f1, each thin pipe f1 is connected to the device e, each hole of the thin pipe f1 faces one hole of the device e, and the flowable medium can pass through the hole of the device e and the hole of the thin pipe f1.

[0322] Using Figures 32 and 33 as examples, a combined e-f1 type IV support device will be described. The composite volume compensation device in the figures includes a support device 32 and a bag-type supply device 31. The support device includes a pipe 3201 with a hole in its wall (used as device e) and a thin pipe 3203 (used as device f1), which is connected to the pipe 3201 by a threaded or welded connection. The hole 3202 in the pipe wall of the pipe 3201 is connected to the hole in the thin pipe 3203. When the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, the fluid-solid conversion material in the hole in the thin pipe 3203 adheres to the wall of the thin pipe, becoming one with the thin pipe and sealing the hole 3202 in the pipe wall of the pipe 3201. This method is suitable for use when the pressure in the surrounding medium is extremely high and / or when the strength of the medium in the internal and external regions of the support device and the connecting passages between them is low.

[0323] Preferably, the connecting passage extension device comprises several sets of thin plates f2, a gap exists between each set of thin plates, and one or more holes of the device e are in the gap. The gap is an extension of the connecting passage.

[0324] Preferably, the connecting passage extension device f comprises at least one set of thin plates f2, at least one thin plate f21 being parallel to the pipe axis. Preferably, of the at least one set of thin plates f2 used as the connecting passage extension device, at least one thin plate f22 is perpendicular to the pipe axis. Preferably, the at least one set of thin plates f2 used as the connecting passage extension device comprises at least one set of spiral sheets, the spiral sheets surrounding the device e, the spacing between two spiral sheets is constant or varies within a certain range, and multiple holes provided in the device e are located in the gaps between the spiral sheets of the same set.

[0325] Using Figures 34 and 35 as examples, a combined type IV support device of e-f2 will be described. In the figures, the pressure supply device is a bag-type pressure supply device 31, and the support device is a closed-end tube 3201 (used as device e). The tube 3201 has two rows of holes 3202 in its wall. Two thin plates 3203 (used as device f2) are provided on both sides of each row of holes, and the thin plates are welded to the outer wall of the tube. A slit region 3204 is present between the two sheets 3203. When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the material in region 3204 bonds with the thin plates 3203, forming a long composite. Compared to a tube with holes in its wall without the thin plates 3203, the addition of the thin plates effectively prevents the material near the holes 3202 from being crushed.

[0326] Preferably, in the IV support apparatus, the connecting passage between the interior and peripheral regions of the support apparatus includes a bend or transition.

[0327] 《1.6.》V-type support device The V-shaped support device includes a three-dimensional spiral device or a three-dimensional annular device, with a spiral gap region between two adjacent turns of the spiral device and a three-dimensional ring gap region between the three-dimensional ring devices. The axial dimension H1 of the spiral gap region is smaller than the radial dimension R1 (Figure 36). The axial dimension H1 of each ring gap region is smaller than the radial dimension R1 (Figures 38-41). The spiral gap region and the three-dimensional annular gap region are connecting passages connecting the inner region and the peripheral region of the support device.

[0328] Preferably, the cross section of the three-dimensional ring device is circular. Preferably, the area on the cross section of the three-dimensional ring device is located between two non-overlapping closed curves, one closed curve being located in the area around which the other closed curve goes. Preferably, the respective selection ranges for the outer closed curve (outside the circular area) and the inner closed curve (inside the circular area) include the boundary of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, a rounded polygon, or a closed line made up of curves and straight lines.

[0329] Let's take an example. Figure 36 shows a three-dimensional spiral device 3201, a type of support device. Between two adjacent turns of the support device, there is a spiral gap region 3202. A circular hole region 3200 exists on the cross section of the support device, and this circular hole region is used to place a pressure supply device. In operation, a pressure supply device is placed in the circular hole region 3200 of the support device, and the circular hole region other than the pressure supply device, the peripheral region of the support device, and the spiral gap region are filled with fluid-solid conversion material. When the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, it bonds with the spiral, forming a composite housing and bearing external radial stress. In addition, the solid fluid-solid conversion material in the spiral gap region of the three-dimensional spiral device has lateral constraints. Even if the pressure supply device cannot provide radial pressure to the surrounding area, the spiral device also effectively prevents the material from expanding into the circular hole region, thereby increasing the axial crushing strength of the support device. Preferably, a thin-walled protective device is selected that is fitted to the outside of the bag-type pressure supply device. The thin-walled protective device 3101 is preferably wound with a thin material into a closed cross-sectional shape, and the closed cross-sectional shape is a circular spiral shape (FIG. 37). FIG. 37 shows that the circular thin-walled protective device 3101 is fitted to the outside of the bag-type pressure supply device 31.

[0330] Figures 38 and 39 show another V-shaped support device made of a long material with regularly distributed circular holes, folded multiple times. In the figures, the circular holes of the long material face each other after folding, and the circular hole areas are used to place pressure supply devices. In an operating state, the circular hole areas 3200 other than the pressure supply device, the peripheral area of ​​the support device, and the three-dimensional ring gap area 3202 are filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, a thin-walled protective device is fitted on the outside of the bag-type pressure supply device.

[0331] 40 and 41, rod material 3205 for sheet device 3201 with circular holes is connected together, and gap area 3202 exists between the sheet devices. In the figure, the circular hole area is used to place pressure supply device 31. In the operating state, the circular hole area 3200 other than the pressure supply device is filled with fluid-solid conversion material 33 in the peripheral area of ​​the support device and the three-dimensional spiral area 3202. Preferably, a thin-walled protective device is fitted on the outside of the bag-type pressure supply device.

[0332] Preferably, in the V-shaped support device, there are protruding and / or recessed regions distributed on the surface of the support material at the interface between the support device material and the narrow gap region, and / or there are distributed holes to improve the shear strength between the fluid-solid conversion material and the surface of the support device material.

[0333] Preferably, in the support device, the center points of the circular holes are on the same straight line. Preferably, the center points of the circular holes are on the same curve.

[0334] Preferably, if the axis of the support device is curved, a wire mesh is used instead to encase the bag-type feeder in place of the thin-walled protective device.

[0335] Preferably, a slit-type thin-wall protection device is used when the axis of the support device is curved. A feature of the slit-type thin-wall protection device is that, when the thin-wall material of the thin-wall protection device is deployed on a plane, several gaps are formed in the thin-wall material, but the thin-wall material remains connected. Preferably, the length direction of the gaps is perpendicular to the length direction of the thin-wall material. Preferably, there is a long region in the thin-wall material with gaps, and the length direction of the long region is also the length direction of the thin-wall material, and the root of each gap is on the long boundary line of the long region. Preferably, one long boundary line of the long region is on one side boundary line of the thin-wall material. The two long boundary lines of the long region are spaced apart from the boundary line of the thin-wall material. Preferably, when two types of gaps, A and B, are added to the thin-wall material deployed on a plane, one end of type A gap is at the same long boundary line a of the thin-wall material. One end of type B gap is at another long boundary line b of the thin-wall material. There is one type B gap between two adjacent type A gaps, and there is another type A gap between two adjacent type B gaps.

[0336] Preferably, when the axis of the support device is curved, a single-wire protection device is used to protect the bag-type pressure supply device. A feature of this single-wire protection device is that when unfolded in a plane, the wire has a trapezoidal wave shape. After the wire is curled into a cylindrical shape, the steel wire at the horizontal position of the upper trapezoidal wave is on the same line A, and the steel wire at the horizontal position of the lower trapezoidal wave is on the same line B. Between lines A and B, there are wires at the upper and lower ends of the trapezoidal wave.

[0337] Technical effect analysis: When the composite volume compensator is used for a steel-tube concrete member with an arch axis, the axis of the V-shaped support device must also be an arch curve. The axis of the V-shaped support device can be easily machined into the required arch curve by hand.

[0338] 《1.7.》VI type support device The VI type support apparatus is characterized in that it comprises a device a and a device b, and the device a is entirely surrounded by the device b, or at least a part of the device a is orbited by the device b.

[0339] The options for the device a include a closed housing with holes a11, a closed housing with incomplete holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single-turn circular spiral belt a31, a multiple-turn circular spiral belt a32, a single circular spiral line a41, a multiple-turn circular spiral line a42, a single-section short pipe composite device a51, a multiple-section short pipe composite device a52, a housing segment complete composite device a61, and a housing segment incomplete composite device a62.

[0340] The device b has the property that in cross section, the device b can change the area it encompasses.

[0341] When the flowable material in the area surrounded or circumferentially by device b expands, device b can increase the area it surrounds in cross section. When the volume of the flowable material in the interior area of ​​device b decreases and the flowable material in the peripheral area of ​​device b compresses device b, the area surrounded by device b decreases in cross section.

[0342] The selection range of the device b includes a device with a fixed circumference and a device with a variable circumference.

[0343] The constant circumference device is a thin-walled tube having the following characteristics: in a cross section, the curvature of at least two points on the outer boundary of the thin-walled tube is different, the cross-sectional area increases as the cross section becomes circular, and the length of the outer boundary of the thin-walled tube remains almost constant as the cross section becomes circular. Preferably, the shape of device b on the cross section includes an inwardly convex portion. Preferably, the outer boundary of the thin-walled tube is a ripple line, a sawtooth line, or a ladder curve.

[0344] The variable perimeter device is characterized in that the device's circumferential area can be changed in cross section by changing the perimeter. Preferably, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder wound with a thin-walled material, and overlapping portions of the thin-walled material within the cylinder exist on the cross section, allowing relative slippage between the overlapping portions. When slippage occurs, the area enclosed by the cylinder changes.

[0345] The constant circumference device will be explained using Figure 42 as an example. In Figure 42, part A of the support device is a tube 321 with a tube wall 3211 and a hole 3212, which is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The connecting passage between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the tube 321 is the tube hole 3212, and the outer region 333 is between the tube wall 3211 and the tube 322 with a rippled cross section, and the tube 322 is used as a constant circumference device.

[0346] The variable perimeter device is illustrated in Figure 43. In Figure 43, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder 322 wrapped in thin steel skin, with a total of two overlapping sections of one circumference. As the flowable material in region 333 increases, the material pushes against the variable perimeter device, causing its cross section to increase.

[0347] Device b of the VI type support device can diffuse the pressure near the hole 3211 in the pipe wall of the pipe 321 over a wider area, preventing the solid-fluid-solid conversion material near the hole from being destroyed or reducing the extent of the destruction zone.

[0348] 《1.8.》Type VII support device The cross section of the Type VII support device is a spiral, which has a stable shape and has gaps between each ring. The area surrounded by the inner ring of the spiral is the internal area of ​​the support device, and the gaps between each ring of the spiral are connecting passages connecting the internal area and the peripheral area. The pressure supply device is placed in the internal area of ​​the spiral.

[0349] Preferably, the spiral is made of a metal material. Preferably, the spiral is made of a steel material. Preferably, the spiral is a curled sheet material. Preferably, the ratio of the outer circumference of the spiral to the outer circumference of the spiral is less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10. The thickness of the outer ring of the spiral is approximately equal to the thickness of the sheet material used to make the spiral.

[0350] Figure 44 shows a preferred design for a Type VII support device. The spiral 321 has a total of 2.5 rings, with gaps 322 between each ring. The inner ring of the spiral surrounds an inner region 331, in which a bag-type supply device 31 is placed. Between the outer surface of the inner spiral ring and the pressure supply device 31, the gap regions 322 of each spiral ring and the peripheral region 333 of the outer spiral ring are both filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, it can flow from the gap regions 322 to the inner region 331. After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, it bonds with the spiral to form a composite housing, which can withstand the pressure of the surrounding medium.

[0351] Preferably, there is a roughened area on the surface of each ring material of the spiral to increase the shear resistance between the spiral and the solid fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, thickening holes are machined into the spiral material. The thickening holes are used to increase the adhesion and shear resistance between the spiral and the solid fluid-solid conversion material.

[0352] Preferably, each ring of the spiral body is provided with a connecting means between at least two adjacent rings. The connecting means can prevent relative movement between two contacting coils, and this connecting means increases the rigidity between the two coils and the overall rigidity of the coil. The connecting means are regularly distributed on the surface of the spiral material. Preferably, the connecting means thus distributed act as pins to prevent relative slippage between the solid-fluid-solid conversion material and the spiral body.

[0353] Preferably, the spiral material is machined with passage holes, which serve as connecting passages between the inner region and the peripheral region. Preferably, there are passage hole-free areas on the coil material adjacent to one or both sides of a passage hole on a given spiral material. The area of ​​a single passage hole is greater than the area of ​​a single thickening hole.

[0354] 《1.9.》Pressure device The pressure supply device options include pressurized devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices.

[0355] 1.9.1. Energy storage device The energy storage device has the following characteristics: When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy.

[0356] The energy storage device options include gas bags, gas-liquid bags, energy storage liquid bags, solid elastomer energy storage devices, elastic housing energy storage devices, and composite energy storage devices. In addition, some pressurized devices also have energy storage functions.

[0357] The gas bag is characterized by being filled with compressed gas. The gas-to-liquid bag is characterized by being filled with liquefied gas, with part of the medium in the bag being in a gaseous state and the other part being in a liquid state. The characteristics of the gas-to-liquid bag are that the air pressure inside the gas-to-liquid bag is determined by the properties of the gas material and the temperature. Since air pressure is not related to volume, even if the apparent volume changes significantly, as long as gas and liquid exist simultaneously, the gas-to-liquid bag can apply a constant pressure to the surrounding medium. Both the gas bag and the gas-to-liquid bag have energy storage properties.

[0358] A feature of the energy storage liquid bag is that the liquid bag is connected to an accumulator through a pipe, and when the pressure of the liquid in the liquid bag increases, the liquid is pushed into the accumulator, and when the pressure of the liquid in the liquid bag decreases, the liquid in the accumulator flows out of the accumulator.

[0359] The elastomeric energy storage device is characterized in that it does not contain macrocavities and is made of a material with high elastic deformation, such as rubber or polyurethane.

[0360] The elastic housing energy storage device is characterized in that the outer housing is made of an elastic material and surrounds a closed cavity. When pressure from a surrounding liquid acts on the outer housing, at least a portion of the housing undergoes bending deformation. Such a housing primarily stores energy through bending deformation.

[0361] The composite energy storage device is characterized in that it contains a material E having a large elastic deformation amount and a material S having a large rigidity, and the deformation of the apparent volume of the energy storage device is converted into a shear elastic deformation of material S. Preferably, the material E having a relatively large elastic deformation amount can be selected from rubber, polyurethane, etc. The material S having a relatively large rigidity can be selected from steel, aluminum, fiber-reinforced composites, etc.

[0362] 1.9.2. Pressure device The pressure device is characterized by its ability to change or maintain the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it.

[0363] The range of pressure device options includes pressurized gas bags, pressurized liquid bags, pressurized gas-liquid bags, self-inflating devices, and pressure devices that utilize osmotic pressure.

[0364] The pressurized gas bag is connected to a pressure source through a pipeline, and the pressure source can adjust the pressure of the gas in the pipeline and the gas bag. Preferably, the pressure source is an air pump. When the air pump is stopped, the pressurized gas bag becomes an energy storage device.

[0365] The pressurized fluid bag is connected to a hydraulic pressure source through a conduit, and the hydraulic pressure source can adjust the hydraulic pressure in the conduit and the fluid bag. Preferably, an accumulator is connected to the conduit of the pressurized fluid bag. When the volume of the accumulator is small, the accumulator only plays a stabilizing role, and the pressurized fluid bag can be considered as a pressurized fluid bag. When the volume of the accumulator is large, the pressurized fluid bag becomes a pressurized energy storage fluid bag.

[0366] The pressurized gas-liquid bag is connected to an air pressure source and / or hydraulic pressure source via a conduit, and the air pressure source and / or hydraulic pressure source can adjust the pressure of the gas and / or liquid in the conduit and the gas-liquid bag.

[0367] 1.9.3. Pressurized energy storage device The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B: The above-mentioned characteristic A A pressurized energy storage device can change or maintain pressure between its outer surface and a medium in contact therewith.

[0368] The above-mentioned characteristic B With other influencing factors remaining constant, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device decreases when the pressure of the surrounding fluid medium increases and / or increases when the pressure of the surrounding fluid medium decreases.

[0369] The range of options for the pressurized energy storage device includes pressurized gas bags, pressurized gas-liquid bags, pressurized energy storage liquid bags, Type A self-inflating devices, and Type B self-inflating devices.

[0370] The pressurized gas bag and pressurized gas liquid bag contain gas, and these two types of pressurized devices themselves have energy storage functions, so these two types of devices are also considered pressurized energy storage devices.

[0371] The pressurized energy storage liquid bag is characterized in that the liquid bag is connected not only to a hydraulic source through a pipe, but also to an accumulator, which can adjust the liquid pressure in the pipe, and the accumulator can store and release energy and stabilize the liquid pressure.

[0372] 1.10. Bag-type feeding devices and classification According to the application, the bag-type pressurizing device includes the following three types: bag-type pressurizing device, bag-type energy storage device, and bag-type pressurized energy storage device. The bag-type pressurizing device can be divided into pressurized gas bag, pressurized liquid bag, and pressurized gas-liquid bag. The bag-type energy storage device can be divided into gas bag, gas-liquid bag, and energy storage liquid bag. The bag-type pressurized energy storage device can be divided into pressurized gas bag, pressurized gas-liquid bag, and pressurized energy storage liquid bag.

[0373] According to the deformation characteristics of the bag, the bag-type pressure supply device includes the following types: normal bag, upper limit bag, lower limit bag, and double limit bag. Preferably, the gas bag, gas-liquid bag, and liquid bag used as the pressure supply device can be selected as normal bag, upper limit bag, lower limit bag, and double limit bag, and correspondingly, the gas bag is called normal gas bag, upper limit gas bag, lower limit gas bag, and double limit gas bag, respectively, the liquid bag is called normal liquid bag, upper limit liquid bag, lower limit liquid bag, and upper limit liquid bag, respectively, and the gas-liquid bag is called normal gas-liquid bag, upper limit gas-liquid bag, lower limit gas-liquid bag, and double limit gas-liquid bag, respectively.

[0374] 1.10.1. Regular bag The ordinary bag can achieve a change in apparent volume by changing its shape and / or size. Preferably, the wall of the ordinary bag is made of a material that is prone to bending deformation and / or a material that is prone to tensile deformation. Preferably, the wall of the ordinary bag is made of rubber. The bag walls of the ordinary gas bag, ordinary gas liquid bag, and ordinary liquid bag are made of a material that is prone to bending deformation and tensile deformation. Preferably, the wall material of the ordinary gas bag, ordinary gas liquid bag, and ordinary liquid bag is rubber.

[0375] When the energy storage device is a conventional gas bag or gas-liquid bag, one preferred solution is to fill the gas bag or gas-liquid bag to the design pressure only when the conventional gas bag or gas-liquid bag is in the cavity of the support device. When the gas pressure reaches the design pressure, the outer wall of the gas bag or gas-liquid bag is in intimate contact with the inner wall of the support device, and the gas pressure in the gas bag or gas-liquid bag, which has contact compressive stress, is approximately equal to the positive stress between the outer surface of the gas bag or gas-liquid bag and the inner surface of the support device. Preferably, a shield is placed over any holes or gaps in the inner wall of the support device to prevent the bag wall from being pressed into the holes or gaps. Preferably, the shield is a sheet-like article. The shield is preferably a plastic sheet.

[0376] 1.10.2. Upper limit bag The upper limit bag is in contact with the fluid only on the inner and outer surfaces of the bag wall, and when the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, (1) when the internal / external differential pressure is smaller than a certain threshold, the apparent volume of the upper limit bag increases significantly with the increase in the internal / external differential pressure, and (2) when the internal / external differential pressure is larger than a certain threshold, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper limit bag remain relatively stable and do not change significantly with the increase in the differential pressure.

[0377] Preferably, the upper limit bag changes its volume by changing its shape. Preferably, the bag wall material is a material that can bend but has small tensile deformation. Preferably, the bag wall material is a thin-walled metal material, and the method for manufacturing the bag wall material is to apply a non-breathable material such as curable rubber to a high-strength fiber fabric.

[0378] Preferably, the upper bag encases a restraining sleeve on the outside of the standard bag. The restraining sleeve is made of high-strength fiber, and when the standard bag expands to a point where it comes into close contact with the restraining sleeve, the restraining sleeve limits the expansion of the bag wall. Furthermore, when the pressure of the internal fluid increases, the bag wall and the restraining sleeve work together to generate pressure that resists the fluid inside the bag, thereby limiting the amount of expansion of the bag.

[0379] Preferably, the cap bag is a cap gas bag or a cap gas liquid bag. Preferably, when the cap bag reaches its volume limit, its shape and size are such that it fits within the cavity of the support device.

[0380] Preferably, in the cavity of the support device, a gas bag or upper limit gas bag is placed, the upper limit gas bag filling or nearly filling the cavity. In the cavity of the support device, a gas bag or upper limit gas liquid bag is placed, the upper limit gas bag being a plurality of the required atmospheric pressures.

[0381] Preferably, the support device is a tube with a circular cross section. Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 4, a cylindrical upper limit gas bag or a cylindrical upper limit gas / liquid bag is placed inside the tube. The length of the upper limit gas bag or upper limit gas / liquid bag 31 is shorter than the length of the support device (Figure 2), and when the gas bag or gas / liquid bag 31 reaches its upper limit volume, its outer diameter of cross section is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube.

[0382] Preferably, a plurality of cylindrical upper limit gas bags or upper limit gas-liquid bags are placed inside the tube, the total length of the gas bags or gas-liquid bags being equal to or slightly smaller than the length of the support device.

[0383] Preferably, the support device is a larger diameter tube, inside which a plurality of spherical upper limit gas bags or spherical upper limit gas bags are arranged (see FIG. 5). At least one end of the tube is not sealed. Preferably, both ends of the tube are sealed.

[0384] Preferably, when the upper volume limit is reached, the diameter of the spherical upper limit gas bag or gas-liquid bag is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support device. Preferably, when the upper volume limit is reached, the ratio of the diameter of the spherical upper limit gas bag or gas-liquid bag to the inner diameter of the tube is 0.5 to 0.7, or 0.7 to 0.95.

[0385] Preferably, the support device is a spherical or ellipsoidal housing, the cavity of which is provided with one or more or a plurality of spherical upper limit gas bags or upper limit gas liquid bags.

[0386] 1.10.3. Lower limit bag The lower limit bag has the characteristic that the shape and / or apparent volume of the bag is the required design shape and volume when the internal / external pressure differential is a negative value. The internal / external pressure differential is the difference between the fluid pressure inside the bag and the fluid pressure outside the bag.

[0387] Preferably, the lower limit bag contains a gas inside, and a support of some shape is placed inside the lower limit bag. The shape of the support determines the final shape of the bag wall under external high pressure. Preferably, the shape of the support includes dumbbell, trefoil, quatrefoil, circle, etc. (See Figure 17). The support is made of a trilobal, quatrefoil, dumbbell, or circular steel pipe, and the steel pipe wall has many small holes distributed therein, allowing gas to pass through the small holes. Preferably, the diameter of the small holes is 0.1 to 1 mm. When the wall of the bag comes into contact with the outer surface of the steel pipe under pressure, the gas in the gas bag or the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid bag is forced into the steel pipe. Sealing devices are installed on both ends of the steel pipe, and the steel pipe has a smooth surface to prevent it from breaking through the wall of the bag.

[0388] Preferably, the lower limit bag has a small tangential elongation of the bag wall material, and a dumbbell-shaped, trefoil-shaped, or quatrefoil-shaped support (see FIG. 17) is placed inside. The cross-sectional perimeter of the bag is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional perimeter of the support. In this case, the lower limit bag is actually a double limit bag.

[0389] Preferably, the bag wall material has a high tangential stretch capacity (e.g., rubber), and the supports can be dumbbell, trefoil, or quatrefoil (Fig. 17), as well as circular, triangular, or square shapes.

[0390] Figures 18 and 19 are schematic diagrams of a three-lobe-shaped support placed inside a bag. At this time, the static pressure on the outer surface of the surrounding bag wall presses the bag wall 312 against the surface of the support 311, and the shape of the wall bag 312 is the same as the shape of the support 311 (Figure 18). When the fluid pressure inside the bag is greater than the surrounding static pressure, the lower bag expands. When the bag wall expands sufficiently, its cross section becomes approximately circular, as shown in Figure 10.

[0391] Preferably, the lower limit bag is filled with a liquefiable gas or a liquefiable gas and a liquid at the same time. When the external pressure exceeds a design value, the gas in the bag is compressed and becomes a liquid, and the liquid in the bag has a certain volume, which can prevent the bag wall material from being seriously wrinkled and damaged.

[0392] 1.10.4. Double-restricted gas bags, double-restricted gas-liquid bags In the composite volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a dual-restriction gas bag or / and a dual-restriction gas-liquid bag.

[0393] The dual-limit gas bag and dual-limit gas / liquid bag simultaneously have the properties of both the upper limit gas bag and the lower limit gas bag, i.e., they have the following two properties:

[0394] (1) Under the condition that the inner and outer surfaces of the bag wall are only in contact with the fluid, when the differential pressure is greater than a certain threshold, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper bag are relatively stable and do not change significantly with increasing differential pressure, which is the difference between the fluid pressure inside the bag and the fluid pressure outside the bag.

[0395] (2) When the differential pressure is negative, the shape and / or apparent volume of the gas bag and gas-liquid bag shall be the shape and volume required by the design.

[0396] 1.10.5. Long bags When the support device is a tube with holes in the wall, one preferred type of pressure supply device is an elongated bag.

[0397] The elongated bag is characterized in that the bag has an elongated outer shape after being filled with a fluid. Preferably, the elongated bag is a one-piece elongated bag, and the wall of the bag is one-piece and made of the same material.

[0398] Preferably, the elongated bag is a elongated composite bag, which includes a flexible tube wall and sealing devices at both ends, the flexible tube wall being connected to the sealing devices at both ends.

[0399] Preferably, the flexible conduit wall material is bent at least in the circumferential direction and has a bending stiffness close to 0. Preferably, the elongation strain experienced by the flexible conduit material in the circumferential direction of the conduit is less than a predetermined value δ. Preferably, the elongation strain experienced by the flexible conduit material in the circumferential direction of the conduit is greater than a predetermined value δ. Preferably, δ is less than 5%.

[0400] Preferably, the flexible pipe wall is a rubber pipe that can be stretched in the circumferential direction, such as a flexible PVC pipe. Preferably, the flexible pipe wall is a thin-walled metal pipe, the wall thickness of which is close to the thickness of the side wall of a pop-top can. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the bag before filling the interior of the bag with a fluid is a three-leaf or four-leaf shape.

[0401] Preferably, the elongated bag is a normal bag, an upper limit bag, a lower limit bag or a double limit bag.

[0402] A typical long bag has a weakness: some areas of the bag will expand more than the rest of the bag, causing it to expand until it bursts, and some areas of the bag will compress more than the rest of the bag, making it more likely to be crushed.

[0403] 1.10.6. Dispersion Bag Preferably, in the composite volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a dispersion bag. The dispersion bag is characterized by including multiple bag-type pressure supply devices in the internal region of the support device. In Fig. 3, the internal region of the support device 32 includes multiple short, elongated gas bags and / or elongated gas-liquid bags. In Fig. 5, the internal region of the support device 32 includes multiple spherical gas bags and / or spherical gas-liquid bags.

[0404] The advantage of dispersion bags is that even if the mechanical properties of the fluid-solid conversion material in the area are uneven or the pressure is uneven, each dispersion bag can still undergo volume changes. If the volume change of the dispersion bag is considered as a whole, the total volume change of the dispersion bag can be distributed relatively evenly among each individual dispersion bag. If many dispersion bags are replaced with one large bag, the large bag will likely experience significant expansion or contraction in certain local areas.

[0405] 1.11. Self-expansion device The self-expanding device is a device whose apparent volume can expand, or a device whose apparent volume can expand under certain conditions.

[0406] Preferably, the self-inflating device includes Type A, Type B, and Type C self-inflating devices. The Type A self-inflating device includes Type A 1a and Type A 1b self-inflating devices.

[0407] 《1.11.1.》A type self-expansion device The Type A self-inflating device includes a housing and a gas generator. The housing is a sealed device made of an impermeable or nearly impermeable material that can change its apparent volume, or it is a sealed device that can change its external shape and apparent volume. The impermeability means that pressurized gas or / liquid cannot leak from the housing. When a certain preset condition is reached, the gas generator can generate gas that pushes out the housing from the inside, increasing the apparent volume of the self-inflating device.

[0408] Preferably, the shell of the aerosol self-inflating device is a closure device made of a polymeric material and has a tubular, spherical or elliptical shape after being fully inflated. Preferably, the polymeric material is rubber.

[0409] Preferably, the outer casing of the Type A self-expanding device is a thin-walled metal tube of non-circular cross section with both ends closed, and when pressure on the inner wall is applied, the shape of the thin-walled tube changes and its apparent volume increases.

[0410] 1.11.2. Type A1 self-inflating device The gas generator in the Type A1 self-inflating device contains at least two types of materials, which are normally isolated from each other. When certain conditions are met, the two types of materials mix with each other, causing a chemical reaction that generates gas, which inflates the outer casing.

[0411] Preferably, when the pressure applied to the gas generator reaches a predetermined value, two materials are mixed to generate gas. The two materials are sodium bicarbonate and a liquid containing hydrogen ions, respectively. Preferably, the self-inflating device is equipped with a safety valve to ensure that the gas pressure is maintained near the predetermined value. When the gas pressure exceeds the predetermined value of the safety valve, the gas is discharged through the valve port, and when the gas pressure falls below the predetermined value, the safety valve closes.

[0412] Preferably, the two gas generating materials are water and polyurethane injection liquids, respectively.

[0413] 1.11.3. Type A1a Self-Inflating Device - Fragile Outer Housing Bag The sealed space surrounded by the outer casing of the Type A1a self-expansion device contains chemical component A and a device in a brittle housing enclosing chemical component B; when chemical components A and B mix, gas is generated. When you want to inflate the self-expansion device, you simply push it out to activate the device and self-expand. The inflation mechanism is that when the outer casing of the self-expansion device is compressed, the outer casing presses against the internal brittle housing, causing it to rupture, mixing chemical components A and B and generating gas, which then pushes against the outer casing, causing it to expand.

[0414] Preferably, the frangible housing is a tube 313 made of a brittle material, sealed at both ends, and of a non-circular cross section. Additionally, the cross section of the brittle material tube may be oval, rectangular, or a combination of a rectangle and two semicircular shapes, as shown in FIG. 14. Preferably, the brittle material is a brittle polymeric material or glass. Preferably, the brittle polymeric material is a brittle plastic.

[0415] Preferably, the self-expanding device has a housing made of rubber tubing 310 with both ends closed. Referring to FIG. 15, chemical component a (312) and a rectangular glass tube 313 with both ends closed are placed inside the housing. The glass tube is filled with a liquid, chemical component b (314). When the rubber tube is subjected to the surrounding hydrostatic pressure, the rubber tube pushes against the glass tube 313, causing it to burst, releasing the liquid chemical component a (314) and reacting with component b (312), generating gas. Furthermore, component a is sodium carbonate, and component b is hydrochloric acid. Preferably, component a is a polyurethane injection liquid, and component b is water. The two mix and foam, causing volume expansion, and the product has a certain strength after solidification.

[0416] Preferably, the quality of the chemical components a and b is determined based on the quality of the produced gas, said gas quality being determined based on the ambient temperature, the gas volume and the gas pressure.

[0417] Preferably, the self-inflating device is provided with a safety valve that releases some of the gas when the gas pressure exceeds a predetermined value to ensure that the pressure does not exceed a predetermined value.

[0418] 1.11.4. Type A1b Self-Inflating Device - Fragile Outer Housing Bag Two closing devices, A and B, are placed in the sealed space of the Type A1b self-expansion device, and the housings of Devices A and B are brittle housings, with chemical component A placed inside Device A and another chemical component B placed inside Device B, and when components A and B are mixed, gas is generated. After Devices A and B are pressed against the outer casing 310, fracture occurs, and after components A and B are mixed, gas is generated, and the gas expands, increasing the apparent volume of the expanded self-expansion device.

[0419] Preferably, the self-inflating device is a PVC pipe 310 with both ends closed. As shown in FIG. 16, rectangular brittle plastic pipes 311 and 313 with both ends closed are placed inside the PVC pipe 310. The interior of brittle plastic pipe 311 contains liquid 312 with chemical component a, while the interior of brittle plastic pipe 313 is filled with liquid 3214 with chemical component b. When the brittle plastic pipe is compressed by the outer casing of the self-inflating device, the brittle plastic pipes 3211 and 3213 burst sequentially or simultaneously once the pressure reaches a certain value. When the liquids 314 and 312 in the two brittle plastic pipes flow out, a chemical reaction occurs after mixing, and the generated gas pushes the rubber pipe from the inside, expanding it outward.

[0420] Preferably, component a is a sodium carbonate solution and component b is hydrochloric acid.

[0421] Preferably, component a is a polyurethane injection liquid and component b is water, and the two are mixed together to foam, causing volume expansion, and the product has a certain strength after solidification.

[0422] 《1.11.5.》Otsu-type self-expansion device -- Memory alloy device The type B self-expanding device is made of a shape memory alloy or uses a shape memory alloy as a material.

[0423] When the temperature changes, the memory alloy changes shape and the volume of the self-expansion device changes.

[0424] When the temperature is in the range of the T1 section, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device is at or near the minimum. When the temperature is in the range of the T2 section, the outer volume of the device is at or near the maximum. The internal temperature of the composite structure is not within the temperature range of the T1 section, but is within the temperature range of the T2 section. Before applying pressure to the material, part B, surrounding the cavity, part A, the memory alloy self-expansion device is placed in the cavity, part A, within the temperature range T1. After being placed in the cavity, part A's temperature is within the temperature range T2, so the apparent volume of the device expands and compresses the material, part B.

[0425] One commonly used self-expanding device is a closed-end tube made of shape-memory alloy. When the temperature falls within the T2 range, the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, causing the enclosed volume of the outer surface to expand and exert pressure on the cement-containing material. When the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, at least a portion of the tube wall bends at the cross section, and a large amount of elastic energy can be stored when the tube wall bends, so this device also has a storage function.

[0426] Another self-expanding device is made by combining a flexible material with a memory alloy, so that when the memory alloy changes shape, the flexible material changes along with it, and the volume surrounding the outer surface of the self-expanding device also changes.

[0427] 1.12. Operating characteristics of the composite product compensator When the composite volume compensation device and the fluid-solid conversion material work together, they have the following two characteristics: A and B.

[0428] (1) The above-mentioned Characteristic A When the fluid solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting passages are adapted for the fluid solid conversion material to flow therethrough.

[0429] (2) The aforementioned characteristic B When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, it has the following characteristic I, characteristic II, or characteristic III: (1) The above-mentioned characteristic I At least one region P1 has the following characteristics:

[0430] There is one segment of the support device in region P1.

[0431] When the peripheral region of the one-segment support device is provided with a fluid-solid conversion material that bonds with the one-segment support device and solidifies, the fluid-solid conversion material and the one-segment support device form a composite housing, both of which are capable of bearing pressure transmitted from the external surrounding medium.

[0432] (2) The above-mentioned characteristic II At least one region P2 has the following characteristics:

[0433] There is one segment of support device in region P2.

[0434] If the connecting passage of the one-segment support device contains a fluid-solid conversion material that combines with the one-segment support device to become solid, the fluid-solid conversion material and the one-segment support device form a composite housing, which can bear the pressure transmitted from the external surrounding medium.

[0435] (3) The above-mentioned characteristic III At least one region P3 has the following characteristics:

[0436] There is one segment of support device in region P3.

[0437] When the fluid-solid conversion material that combines with the one-segment support device is present in both the connecting passage and the peripheral area thereof and becomes solid, the fluid-solid conversion material and the one-segment support device form a composite housing, both of which can bear pressure transmitted from the external surrounding medium.

[0438] The composite housing can bear pressure transmitted from the external surrounding medium, which is entirely a property of the composite housing itself. After the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid, the composite housing can also bear pressure from the external surrounding medium even if there is no supply device and / or solid fluid-solid conversion material in the interior region of the support device.

[0439] The state of existence of the fluid-solid conversion material includes a fluid state and a solid state, and can enter the solid state from the fluid state.

[0440] Preferably, a coupling agent is applied to the material surface of the support device to increase the adhesion between the cement-based fluid-solid conversion material and the support device material. Preferably, the material surface of the support device is reinforced with protruding and / or recessed areas to increase the adhesion and shear strength between the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device material.

[0441] <2> Pressurizing device and pressurizing method using osmotic pressure 2.1. Pressure device This is a pressure device that utilizes osmotic pressure, and is equipped with a container P, a cavity Q, and an osmotic membrane, and has the following features.

[0442] (1) A zero or non-zero concentration solution is present in the container P, a non-zero concentration solution is present in the cavity Q, and the osmotic pressure of the solution in the cavity Q is equal to or greater than the osmotic pressure of the solution in the container P for at least some time.

[0443] (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can only enter the cavity Q through the permeable membrane.

[0444] (3) The cavity Q has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) In the housing surrounding the cavity Q, the structure and / or material of at least a part of the housing is suitable for increasing or decreasing the volume of the cavity Q.

[0445] (ii) Furthermore, there is a cavity R connected to the cavity Q, and the structure and / or material of at least a part of the housing surrounding the cavity R is suitable for increasing or decreasing the volume of the cavity R.

[0446] The zero concentration solution refers to a solution in which the solute content is zero, that is, the solution is entirely solvent.

[0447] 2.1.1. Integrated pressure device Preferably, the pressurizing device is an integrated pressurizing device, characterized in that the structure or material of at least a portion of the housing surrounding the cavity Q is suitable for increasing or decreasing the volume of the cavity Q. Preferably, at least a portion of the housing of the cavity Q employs a material having a large deformation capacity. Preferably, the material having a large deformation capacity is rubber. Preferably, at least a portion of the housing of the cavity Q is a rubber sleeve. Preferably, at least a portion of the housing of the cavity Q is wrinkled, and when the wrinkles are expanded, the volume of the cavity Q increases. Preferably, the cross section of at least one segment of the outer housing is dumbbell-shaped, trilobe-shaped, or quatrefoil-shaped. When the volume of the cavity Q is suitable for expanding, when the solvent in the container P enters the cavity Q, it expands by pushing into the cavity Q, causing the housing to apply pressure to the surrounding medium.

[0448] 2.1.2 Separate pressure device Preferably, the pressurizing device is a separate pressurizing device, characterized in that there is further a cavity R connected to the cavity Q. In the housing surrounding the cavity R, the structure or material of at least a part of the housing is suitable for increasing or decreasing the volume of the cavity R. Preferably, the cavity R and the cavity Q communicate with each other via a conduit. The device including the cavity R is a pressurized bag, and the device including the containers P, Q and the permeable membrane is a hydraulic pressure source.

[0449] If there is a volume-changeable cavity R connected to the cavity Q, when the liquid in the container P enters the cavity Q, more liquid enters the cavity R, expanding the cavity R and its housing and exerting pressure on the medium surrounding the housing.

[0450] Preferably, a check valve is provided in the connecting line between cavity Q and cavity R, which allows the solution in cavity Q to enter container P but does not allow the solution in container P to enter cavity Q. If the solution in cavity R solidifies faster than the solution in cavity Q, the low concentration solution in cavity R entering cavity Q will increase consumption in cavity Q, which must be avoided.

[0451] Preferably, a solute storage tank is further provided, connected to cavity Q through a conduit, so that the solution in cavity Q can enter said storage tank. When the solution concentration in cavity Q becomes low, the solute in the storage tank enters the solution in the tank and diffuses through the solution in the conduit into the solution in cavity Q.

[0452] Preferably, the devices corresponding to said vessels P and Q are located external to the composite structural member. Preferably, said solute storage tank is located external to the composite structural member.

[0453] 2.1.3. Solvents, solutes, solutions Preferably, in said container P, the solvent is water and the solute is a salt and / or an alkali, or the solute is a salt and / or an acid.

[0454] Preferably, the solvent is water and the solute is a salt and / or an alkali, or the solute is a salt and / or an acid in the cavity Q. Preferably, there is an insoluble solute in the solution.

[0455] Preferably, in the cavity Q, the solute is an alcohol or 2-butoxyethanol, and the solution in the container P is water with zero concentration.

[0456] Preferably, the solute in cavity Q comprises a salt and an alcohol, or an alkali and an alcohol, or a salt, an alkali and an alcohol, and cavity Q also comprises undissolved salt and / or alkali. Preferably, container P contains a solution of zero concentration water or non-zero concentration water.

[0457] 《2.1.4.》Permeable membrane Preferably, the osmosis membrane is a hollow fiber osmosis membrane. Preferably, the osmosis membrane is a forward osmosis membrane. A multi-void support layer is installed inside or outside the film layer having semipermeable membrane properties. Preferably, the osmotic pressure of the solution outside the hollow fiber is higher than the osmotic pressure of the liquid within the pores of the hollow fiber. Preferably, the osmotic pressure of the solution within the pores of the hollow fiber is higher than the osmotic pressure of the liquid outside the hollow fiber.

[0458] Preferably, the osmotic membrane is combined with a support layer. Preferably, the structure of the osmotic membrane after installation and fixing is a plate type, a tube type, or a roll type.

[0459] 2.2. Preferred Plan 2.2. Preferred Option I A preferred solution I is to have the outlet of the solvent supply line in the vessel P, and to fill the vessel P with a zero concentration solution. Preferably, when the volume expansion or solution pressure of the cavity Q and / or R reaches a predetermined value, the valve of the solvent supply line is closed to prevent the solvent from continuing to enter the vessel P.

[0460] When there is no solution of zero concentration in container P, no fluid will enter cavity Q through the osmotic membrane, and there will be no increase in pressure in cavity Q. When there is a solution of zero concentration in container P, fluid will enter cavity Q through the osmotic membrane, causing cavity Q or R to expand.

[0461] 2.2.2. Preferred Option II Preferred Plan II has the following features:

[0462] (1) In the cavity in the container P, the solution is a non-zero concentration solution, and the solution occupies only a portion of the volume of the container P.

[0463] (2) A solvent supply line is connected to the container P, and a hydraulically operated valve is provided in the line, and the outlet of the valve or the outlet of the supply line is provided in the container P but in a region of the container P where there is no solution. This prevents solutes in the solution from entering the supply line and appearing in the solvent, while preventing the amount of solute in the container P from decreasing.

[0464] (3) A pressure transmission line is provided, one end of which is connected to the hydraulically driven valve and the other end of which is located in the cavity Q. When the solution pressure in the cavity Q is lower than a first predetermined value p1, the hydraulically driven valve enters an open state, and the solvent in the solvent supply line can enter the container P. When the solution pressure in the cavity Q is higher than a second predetermined value p2, the hydraulically driven valve enters a closed state, and the solvent in the solvent supply line cannot enter the container P.

[0465] Preferably, there is also a storage tank in communication with cavity Q through a conduit. Preferably, undissolved solid and / or liquid solute is disposed in the storage tank. Preferably, the liquid solute is an alcohol.

[0466] When container P contains a solute, increasing the solvent content therein decreases the solution concentration. As the solution concentration in container P decreases, the osmotic pressure in cavity Q increases, and the solvent in cavity P enters Q through the osmotic membrane. When the pressure in cavity Q is higher than the predetermined value p2, the control valve is closed to prevent the solvent from entering container P. As more and more solvent enters cavity Q, the solution concentration in container P gradually increases and the osmotic pressure in cavity Q gradually decreases. When the osmotic pressure in cavity Q becomes zero, the solvent in container P enters cavity Q and the liquid pressure in cavity Q stops increasing. When the pressure in cavity Q falls below the predetermined value p1, the control valve is opened, allowing the solvent to enter container P, gradually decreasing the solution concentration in container P and increasing the osmotic pressure of the solution in cavity Q. The solvent in cavity P enters cavity Q, increasing the liquid pressure in cavity Q.

[0467] 2.2.3. Preferred Option III The difference between Preferred Scheme III and Preferred Scheme II lies in the pressure control system, with the remaining parts remaining the same. Scheme III employs an electronic pressure control system, which includes a pressure sensor in cavity Q, a main controller, and an electric valve, with the electric valve being in a solvent supply line connected to container P. The pressure sensor and the electric valve are connected to a master device via leads. When the pressure in cavity Q measured by the pressure sensor falls below a predetermined value p1, the main controller issues an open command, causing the electric valve to enter an open state, allowing solvent to enter container P through the line. When the pressure measured by the pressure sensor exceeds a predetermined value p2, the main controller issues a close command, causing the electric valve to enter a closed state, preventing solvent from flowing out of the line.

[0468] Preferably, there is also a solute storage tank in communication with cavity Q through a conduit. Preferably, undissolved solid and / or liquid solute is disposed in the solute storage tank. Preferably, the liquid solute is an alcohol.

[0469] 2.3. Example 2.3.1 Example 2.1 As shown in Figure 45, the steel pipe 31a is provided with an isolation layer 3122 to secure the hollow fiber permeation membrane 3123 and divide the hollow space of the steel pipe. The isolation layer 3122 is made of a material in which solid granules are incorporated into an adhesive, and the hollow fibers 3123 are bonded to the isolation layer material. The isolation layer 3122 and the hollow fibers 3123 divide the steel pipe's internal space into two, upper and lower. The upper space becomes a container P, and the upper boundary of the container P becomes the lower surface of the end cap 31a1. The container P is filled with a solution 3115. The lower space becomes part of a cavity Q, and the outer surface of the hollow fibers defines a boundary for part of the spatial range of the cavity Q.

[0470] The upper plate 31a1 is provided with a solvent supply pipe 3101, and the pipe is provided with a valve 3140.

[0471] The lower side of steel pipe 31a and flexible cover 31b are connected by adhesive, and the internal space of flexible cover 31b and the space below steel pipe 31a form cavity Q. Cavity Q is filled with solid 3126 and saturated solution 3125. After the solvent in container P passes through the osmotic membrane and enters cavity Q, if there is no solid solute, the solution becomes non-saturated, the solution concentration decreases, and the osmotic pressure also decreases. If there is solid solute in cavity Q, the solution can remain saturated even when new solvent is added, and the solution concentration remains constant if there is no temperature change. As the solvent continues to pass through cavity Q containing the osmotic membrane, the flexible cover expands in volume accordingly, exerting pressure on the surrounding medium.

[0472] Preferably, the solution in the container P is a zero concentration solution, and the solution in the container P is water.

[0473] Preferably, the solution in cavity Q is an alcohol. Preferably, the solid solute is a salt or / and an alkali. Preferably, the solute in the solution is an acid or / and a salt.

[0474] Preferably, the pressurizing device is all housed in the support device of the composite volume compensator, and the solvent supply line 3101 and valve 3140 therein are connected to the outside of the composite structural member and to a water source, preferably a water pipe.

[0475] When the pressure or volume expansion amount of the pressurizing device reaches a predetermined value, if it is desired to terminate the expansion, the valve 3140 provided in the solvent supply pipeline is closed, and no new solvent is introduced into the pipeline downstream of the valve.

[0476] 2.3.2 Example 2.2 Example 2 is shown in Figure 46. Its structure has many similarities to Example 1 shown in Figure 45. The symbols 3122, 3123, 3125, 3126, 31a, 31a1, and 31b in Figure 46 have the same meanings as in Figure 45.

[0477] The differences between Example 2 and Example 1 are as follows: (1) The amount of solute contained in solution 3115 in container P is constant, but the amount of solvent is variable. (2) Solution 3115 can only occupy a portion of the space in container P; it is never full; there is always an unoccupied space area 3114. (3) A hydraulically driven valve 3140 is provided in solvent supply line 3101. The valve may be provided inside or outside container P, but is optimally provided at the end of line 3110. (4) The end of line 3110 or the outlet of valve 3140 is prevented from contacting solution 3115, preventing solute from entering the liquid in the line and resulting in loss. (5) A pressure transmission line 3146 is provided. This line is filled with solution from cavity Q, and transmits the pressure in cavity Q to hydraulically driven valve 3140, opening and closing the valve.

[0478] The mechanism by which hydraulically actuated valve 3140 controls the solution pressure in cavity Q is as follows.

[0479] When the pressure in cavity Q falls below a first predetermined value p1, the hydraulically actuated valve remains open and solvent enters container P and is introduced into solution 3115. Because the amount of solvent increases, the amount of solute remains the same, the concentration of the solution decreases, and the osmotic pressure of solution 3115 decreases. As the osmotic pressure of solution 3115 decreases, the difference between the osmotic pressure of solution 3125 in cavity Q and the osmotic pressure of solution 3115 in container P increases. When equilibrium is reached, the solution pressure in cavity Q equals the difference between the osmotic pressures of the solutions in cavities Q and P. Thus, opening valve 3140 increases the liquid pressure in cavity Q.

[0480] When the pressure in cavity Q becomes higher than the second predetermined value p2, the hydraulically actuated valve remains closed, preventing the introduction of solvent into container P. While no new solvent is being introduced, the solvent in solution 3115 flows out through the osmotic membrane, increasing the concentration of solution 3115 in container P and increasing the osmotic pressure. As the osmotic pressure of solution 3115 increases, the difference in osmotic pressure between cavity Q and container P decreases. When equilibrium is reached, the solution pressure in cavity Q is equal to the difference in osmotic pressure between the solutions in cavity Q and P, so closing valve 3140 allows the pressure in cavity Q to increase. The second predetermined value p2 is slightly higher than the first predetermined value p1.

[0481] The above control method can control the solution pressure in the cavity Q within a certain range, the lower limit of which is slightly lower than the first predetermined value p1 and the upper limit of which is slightly higher than the second predetermined value p2.

[0482] Because the flow rate of the solution through the osmotic membrane is low and it takes time for the pressure of the solution in cavity Q to reach the osmotic pressure difference, after the hydraulic valve is opened or closed, the pressure in cavity Q will deviate from the osmotic pressure difference for a certain period of time, and the control precision of this method is not very high. However, the application of compressive stress to material B in the composite structural member does not require high precision, and the volume change of material B in the cavity of part A of the member is very slow, so the precision of this method is sufficient to meet the requirements.

[0483] The hydraulic drive valve is shown in FIGS. 47 and 48. The circular hole F1 is for connecting to the solvent supply line 3101, the circular hole F3 is for connecting to the pressure transmission line 3146, and the circular hole F2 is the outlet of the solvent.

[0484] The position of the piston F51 is determined jointly by the pressure in the circular hole F3 and the spring F61. When the pressure in the circular hole F3 decreases, the piston moves to the left. When the pressure in F3 increases, the piston moves to the right. There is a circular hole F52 perpendicular to its axis in the central part of the piston F51. When the pressure in F3 is below the first predetermined value p1 and the part of the circular hole F52 facing the circular holes F1 and F2 does not exist, the valve is in a closed state. When the pressure in F3 is higher than the second predetermined value p2 and at least a part of the cross-section of the circular hole F52 faces the circular holes F1 and F2, the valve is in an open state.

[0485] Also, there are predetermined values P1 and P2, and P1 < P2. When the pressure in F3 is below the predetermined value P1, the spring F61 pushes the piston to the left end and is in the position shown in FIG. 47, and the valve remains closed. When the pressure in F3 becomes higher than the predetermined value P2, the liquid pushes the piston against the end face of the stopper F62, and the circular hole F51 in the piston just faces the circular holes F1 and F2, and the valve is in the maximum open state.

[0486] 《2.3.3.》Example 2.3 As shown in Figure 49, in Example 3, steel pipe 31a, upper cover 31a1, and lower cover 31a2 form a closed space. Separator layer 3122 and the surface of hollow fiber 3123 further divide the space into an upper space container P and a lower space cavity Q. Container P is filled with a non-zero concentration solution 2115, and has a portion of excess space 3114. A controllable valve 3141 is provided at the end of solvent supply line 3101, and the outlet of the valve must maintain a liquid level higher than that of solvent 3115. Cavity Q is filled with undissolved matter 3126 and solution 3125. Cavity Q is provided with a pressure sensor 3143 connected to main controller 3142 via a signal line, and control valve 3141 in container P is also connected to main controller 3142 via a lead wire. When the pressure collected by the sensor 3143 is lower than the first predetermined value p1, the master controller 3142 issues an open command, and the control valve 3141 is controlled to be in an open state. When the pressure collected by the sensor 3143 is higher than the second predetermined value p2, the master controller 3142 issues a close command, and the control valve 3141 is controlled to be in a closed state.

[0487] The bottom cover is provided with an outflow pipe 3102, and this pipe is provided with a check valve 3151, which allows the liquid to only flow out of the cavity Q, not in. The check valve prevents the low concentration liquid from consuming the solute in the cavity Q.

[0488] The outlet of the check valve 3151 is connected to a conduit 3103, the other end of which is connected to a pressurized liquid bag, which is placed inside the support device of the composite volume compensation device.

[0489] In this proposal, there are three options for the placement of the part corresponding to steel pipe 31a. The first option is to place it outside the composite structural member. The second option is to place it in the cavity of the composite structural member A. The third option is to place it inside the support device of the composite volume compensator. In the first option, the shape and dimensions of steel pipe 31a are not limited. When the total volume of liquid flowing out of the outflow pipe is large, a large amount of undissolved solute 3136 is consumed, and the volume of cavity Q is accordingly large. In this case, the first option can meet the requirement. In the second option, steel pipe 31a, end caps 31a-1 and 31a-2, pipes 310, 3102, 3013, and check valve 3151 must be able to withstand high pressures to prevent them from becoming weak points when the member is supported. In the third option, certain requirements are imposed on the dimensions of steel pipe 31a, particularly its diameter.

[0490] 2.3.4. Example 2.4 In Example 4, the pressurizing device is shown in Figures 50 and 51. The symbols 31a, 31a1, 3101, 3140, 3146, 3114, 3115, 3122, 3123, and 3125 in Figure 51 have the same meanings as in Example 3. In Figure 51, cavity Q is filled with solution 3125, and cavity Q is connected to solute storage tank 316 through pipe 3106. The lower end of cavity Q is provided with bottom cover 31a2, which is a bottom cover, and pipe 3102 is connected to pipe 3103 via check valve 3150. Check valve 3150 allows the solution in cavity Q to flow out but not into cavity Q.

[0491] As shown in Figure 50, the solute storage tank 316 has a can body 316a made of steel, a pipe 3106 attached to the side of the bottom end of the can body, and a spout attached to the top of the can body, with a flange 3167 attached to the spout. A lid 3168 is connected to the flange and closes the spout. The spout is used to add solute material to the storage tank, and the storage tank is filled with undissolved solid solute 3166 and solution 3165.

[0492] The conduit 3103 communicates with the cavity R. Preferably, the outer housing of the cavity R is made of a rubber material, and the cavity R together with the outer housing constitutes a pressurized liquid bag. Preferably, the pressurized liquid bag is disposed in an internal region of the support device of the composite volume compensation device.

[0493] 3. Liquid absorption and expansion pressurization device A liquid absorption, expansion and pressurization device including an expansion material and a liquid guide passage, wherein: (1) The expanding material has the following properties: a. It can absorb liquid and expand.

[0494] b. Able to react physically and / or chemically with liquids to expand.

[0495] (2) The liquid-conducting device has the following characteristics:

[0496] The liquid can pass along the liquid-conducting passageway into the expansion material.

[0497] The liquid absorbing, expanding and pressurizing device is referred to as an expansion device.

[0498] 《3.1.》Void The void refers to unoccupied space, including but not limited to:

[0499] Voids in a solid medium, including voids, microcavities, etc.

[0500] The voids between the granules of a solid.

[0501] A void between a granule of a solid and another solid surface in contact with it, the length and width of said surface being much larger than the particle size of the solid granule.

[0502] It is the void between a solid granule and the surface of the fiber in contact with it, and the length of the fiber is much greater than the particle size of the solid granule.

[0503] The gap between fibers that are in contact with each other, and the fibers are parallel to each other or at an angle to each other The void between a fiber and another solid surface in contact with it, the length and width of which are much greater than the diameter of the fiber.

[0504] 3.2. Materials or devices containing liquid-conducting passages The liquid-conducting material and the liquid-conducting device both have the characteristic of having passages within or on their surfaces that allow the movement of liquid.

[0505] Preferably, the liquid transfer passages of the liquid-conducting material are voids within the material or voids between the material and a medium in contact with it.

[0506] Preferably, the liquid transfer passage of the liquid-guiding device is a space within the device or a space between the device surface and the medium in contact with it.

[0507] 3.2.1. Liquid-conducting fiber Liquid-conducting fibers have the property that liquid can move inside and / or on the surface of the fiber along the length of the fiber.

[0508] Preferably, the liquid is able to enter or exit the fibers from the ends and / or sides of the fibers.

[0509] Preferably, the liquid-conducting fibers include voids within at least a certain length range. Preferably, the fibers have depressions on the side surfaces within at least a certain length range. Preferably, the fibers have grooves on the side surfaces within at least a certain length range.

[0510] The liquid-conducting fibers can be selected from chemical fibers, metal fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, and natural plant fibers.

[0511] Preferably, the chemical fibers are man-made or synthetic fibers.

[0512] Preferably, the natural plant fibers include cotton fibers or threads made of cotton fibers. Preferably, the plant fibers are wood fibers. Preferably, the liquid-conducting fibers are needle-shaped materials obtained after mechanical processing of wood. Preferably, the diameter of the needle-shaped material is 0.1 to 0.5 mm, or 0.5 to 1.0 mm, or greater than 1 mm. Preferably, the ratio of the length to the smallest lateral dimension of the needle-shaped material is 5 to 10, or 10 to 50, or 50 to 100, or greater than 100.

[0513] Preferably, the liquid-conducting fibers are hollow chemical fibers, or / and hollow metal fibers, or / and hollow inorganic non-metallic fibers. Preferably, the fibers are chemical fibers having grooves on their sides, or / and metal fibers having grooves on their sides, or / and inorganic non-metallic fibers having grooves on their sides.

[0514] Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fibers are glass fibers or / and basalt fibers.

[0515] Preferably, the liquid-conducting fiber is a monofilament. Preferably, the liquid-conducting fiber is a twisted or non-twisted bundle. Preferably, the gaps between the individual fibers in the filament are used as liquid-conducting passages.

[0516] Preferably, the liquid-conducting fibers are continuous fibers. Preferably, the liquid-conducting fibers are fiber bundles twisted with short fibers and / or long fibers.

[0517] Preferably, the liquid-conducting short fibres are mixed with granules of the expanding material.

[0518] 《3.2.2.》Liquid guiding thin layer material The liquid-conductive thin layer material has the following properties: (1) The liquid can flow through voids within the thickness range of the thin layer material, and (2) The liquid can seep out or penetrate through at least one of the two surfaces of the thin layer material.

[0519] Preferably, the liquid can penetrate into voids within the thickness of the thin layer of liquid-conducting material along one or more surfaces either tangential or parallel to the thin layer surface. Preferably, the liquid can exude or penetrate from both surfaces of the thin layer of material.

[0520] Nonwoven fiber thin layer Preferably, the liquid-conducting thin layer material is a nonwoven fabric, and the fibers used to manufacture the nonwoven fabric are short fibers and / or long fibers.

[0521] Preferably, the staple fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric include at least one of chemical fibers, plant fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, metal fibers, and carbon fibers. Preferably, the plant fibers include cotton fibers, wood fibers, and grass plant fibers. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fibers include glass fibers, basalt fibers, and asbestos fibers.

[0522] Preferably, the continuous fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric include at least one of chemical fiber filaments, thin metal filaments, and continuous fibers spun from staple fibers. The staple fibers used in the continuous fibers made of staple fibers include at least one of chemical fibers, cotton fibers, hemp fibers, and carbon fibers.

[0523] Preferably, the nonwoven fabric is a metal felt.

[0524] Fiber fabric Preferably, the liquid-conducting lamina material comprises at least one layer of woven fibres. Preferably, the woven fibres comprise a woven fibre cloth. Preferably, the woven fibres comprise a woven fibre mesh.

[0525] Preferably, the fibers of the fiber cloth and / or the fibers of the fiber mesh include at least one of chemical fibers, plant fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, metal fibers, and carbon fibers. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fibers include glass fibers and basalt fibers.

[0526] Preferably, the fibers of the fabric and / or the fibers of the fiber mesh are twisted or twisted yarn bundles. Preferably, the monofilaments constituting the filament bundles are metallic yarns, chemical fibers, or inorganic non-metallic fibers.

[0527] Preferably, the liquid-conducting lamina material comprises at least one layer of fiber mesh or / and at least one layer of fiber fabric.

[0528] Preferably, in the fiber woven fabric, the fibers parallel to the main passages are thicker, and the fibers perpendicular to the main passages are thinner. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main passages are fibers with high bending rigidity, and the fibers perpendicular to the main passages are fibers with low rigidity. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main passages are metal wires. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main passages are straight, and the fibers perpendicular to the main passages are repeatedly bent. Preferably, the radius of curvature of the straight fibers parallel to the main passages is much larger than the radius of curvature of the fibers perpendicular to the main passages. These characteristics help to increase the proportion of the void cross-sectional area of ​​the main passages.

[0529] Preferably, the surface of the woven fabric contains liquid-conductive diffusion fibers, which are connected to the woven fabric at only one end. These fibers are used to diffuse liquid into the medium surrounding the woven fabric. Preferably, the length of the liquid-conductive fibers is 5 to 50 mm, and the spacing between the fibers is 5 to 30 mm. Preferably, the length of the liquid-conductive fibers is 50 to 80 mm, and the spacing between the fibers is 20 to 60 mm. Preferably, the spacing between the liquid-conductive fibers is 0.2 to 0.6 times the length of the liquid-conductive fibers. Preferably, fibers of different lengths are present in some regions of the surface of the woven fabric.

[0530] Multi-void thin layer material A multi-porous thin-layer material is characterized by having only one layer of the thin-layer material, and many voids within the thickness of this layer. The voids in the material have the following properties: (1) The liquid can flow through the voids within the thickness of the thin-layer material. (2) The liquid can seep or penetrate into at least one of the two surfaces of the thin-layer material.

[0531] Preferably, the pores in the multi-porous material are the gaps between solid granules that are joined together.

[0532] Preferably, the geometry is made of a multi-porous material and has two surfaces that allow liquid to penetrate one surface and exude the other. Preferably, the two surfaces are parallel. Preferably, the two surfaces are perpendicular. Preferably, the two surfaces are at any angle.

[0533] Preferably, for three surfaces of a geometry made of a multi-porous material, the liquid permeates from one surface and from the other surface, with one permeation surface parallel to the permeation surface and the other permeation surface perpendicular to the permeation surface.

[0534] Exudate film material A property of the exudate film material is that liquid can pass from one surface to the other through passages in the medium within the thickness of the film.

[0535] Preferably, the film material is a polymeric material. Preferably, the film material is a metallic material. Preferably, the film material is a permeable film. Preferably, the liquid passages in the film material are holes machined in a non-permeable or low-permeable film.

[0536] Thin-layer materials are preferred Preferably, the liquid-conducting thin layer material is spirally curled (like a hair bar), and there is an expansion material on both sides of the thin layer material, so that the liquid flows within the thickness of the thin layer material and penetrates into the expansion material from both surfaces. See Figures 55, 56, 57 and 58.

[0537] Figures 59-61 show two different arrangements of the thin layer material, with the combination of Figures 59 and 60 showing an inflatable device with multiple strips of thin layer material. The combination of Figures 60 and 61 shows an inflatable device with multiple folded thin layers of material.

[0538] Preferably, the expansion device includes a plurality of narrow strips of liquid-conducting lamina material. See Figures 59 and 60. Preferably, the lamina material is arranged parallel to one another. Preferably, there is an expansion material between adjacent lamina material. Preferably, there is at least one lamina material, both surfaces of which are in contact with the expansion material. See Figure 59. Preferably, for any one liquid-conducting lamina material, at least a partial area on at least one surface is in contact with the expansion material. Preferably, there is at least one lamina material, and at least another partial area of ​​at least one surface of which is in contact with the granular material. See Figures 59 and 60.

[0539] Preferably, the expansion device includes at least one repeatedly folded liquid-conducting thin layer material, as shown in Figures 60 and 61. Preferably, at least one surface of the thin layer material is in contact with the liquid-conducting particulate material over at least a portion of the surface.

[0540] Preferably, the thin layer of material, at least one segment long and / or one segment wide, is a particulate material that uses pores to supply liquid to the thin layer of material, as shown in FIG.

[0541] 《3.2.3.》Granular region The granule region is a space of a certain shape, filled with solid granules, and allows liquid to flow through the gaps between the solid granules.

[0542] Preferably, the boundaries of said space are capable of allowing liquid to seep in and / or permeate.

[0543] Preferably, the granular region is elongated. Preferably, the granular region is thin-layered. Preferably, the granular region is thick-walled cylindrical. Preferably, a dimension of the granular region in a certain direction is much larger than a dimension in a direction perpendicular to the dimension.

[0544] Preferably, a shaping device is provided at the boundary of the granular region to fix the shape of the granular region, and liquid can enter and exit the granular region through the device. Preferably, the shaping device is a device made of woven fiber fabric. Preferably, the woven fiber fabric includes woven fiber fabric and woven fiber mesh. Preferably, the woven fiber fabric ranges from metal fiber fabric, chemical fiber fabric, and inorganic non-metallic fiber fabric, and preferably, the woven fiber mesh ranges from metal mesh, chemical fiber mesh, and inorganic non-metallic fiber mesh. Preferably, the mesh of the mesh material can prevent a proportion of solid granules from passing therethrough, where the proportion α is the proportion of particles that cannot pass through the mesh to the total particles, and preferably, the proportion α is 0.5 to 0.7, 0.7 to 0.7, 0.7 to 0.9, 0.9 to 0.5, or 0.99 or more.

[0545] Preferably, the molding device is made of a flexible material so as to form the shape of the granule region after the solid granules are filled into the space enclosed by the molding device. Preferably, the flexible material used to make the molding device is a material with a relatively large elastic deformation capacity, and preferably, when the solid granule filling process is completed, pressure exists between the solid granules so that a certain tensile force exists in the flexible material. Such a process is advantageous for forming and maintaining the shape of the granule region and for increasing the density of the granule region.

[0546] Preferably, the exterior of the shaping device has relatively long liquid-conducting fibers that are distributed in a medium surrounding the granular region to diffuse the liquid into said medium, which preferably consists of granules of an expanding material, or of granules of a non-expanding solid and granules of an expanding material.

[0547] 《3.2.4.》Liquid piping Wet piping is characterized by (1) the ability of liquid to flow through the hollow portion of the pipe, and (2) the ability of liquid to seep through and / or permeate the pipe wall.

[0548] Preferably, the pipe wall material is a multi-porous material. Preferably, the multi-porous material is permeable at least in the radial direction of the pipe wall. Preferably, the voids in the multi-porous material are voids between solid granules bonded to each other. Preferably, the method for obtaining the exudation pipe material is to bond solid granules to each other, and the solid granules are inorganic non-metallic fibrous particles or metal particles. Preferably, the exudation pipe line material is permeable stone. Preferably, the exudation pipe line material is a multi-porous metal.

[0549] Preferably, the tube wall material is a porous material, and preferably at least some of the pores are on opposite ends of the inner and outer walls of the tube, respectively.

[0550] Preferably, the pipe wall is an impermeable material with holes or gaps machined into it. Preferably, the diameter of the holes or the width of the gaps is 0.1 to 0.2 mm, or 0.2 to 0.5 mm, or 0.5 to 0.8 mm, or greater than 0.8 mm. Preferably, there is only one gap in the pipe wall, both ends of the gap reach the ends of the pipe wall, and the gap is parallel to the pipe axis. Preferably, the gap is spiral-shaped. Preferably, there are multiple gaps in the pipe wall, and the length of each gap is much shorter than the length of the pipe wall.

[0551] 3.3 Expanding Materials and Liquids 3.3.1. Expansive materials The selection range of the expansion material is: These include organic intumescent materials, inorganic intumescent materials, and mixtures of organic and inorganic intumescent materials.

[0552] Preferably, the selection of organic expanding materials includes water-absorbing resin, water-absorbing rubber, dried and compacted wood blocks, wood sticks, wood chips, and wood flour.

[0553] Preferably, the selection of inorganic expandable materials includes montmorillonite, irrinite, calcium oxide, and bentonite.

[0554] Preferably, the expandable material is a mixture of granules of two or more expandable materials. Preferably, the particle sizes of the granules are distributed to minimize or approximate porosity within the mixture. Preferably, particles of different materials are mixed and compressed to maintain a consistent shape or cohesion to achieve lower porosity. Preferably, liquid-conducting fibers are randomly distributed within the granular mixture to allow liquid to diffuse relatively uniformly throughout the expandable material.

[0555] 《3.3.2.》Liquid The liquid is selected from water, an aqueous solution containing a solute, an organic liquid, and an oil.

[0556] 3.4. Expansion device structure 《3.4.1.》Outline Preferably, the range of options for the inflator geometry includes elongated, short cylinder, thick walled tubular, spherical, elliptical, annular, and tubular.

[0557] Preferably, the range of cross-sectional shapes of the inflator include circular, elliptical, annular, polygonal, and rounded corner polygonal.

[0558] Preferably, when the sealed housing material has only a small deformation capacity along the circumferential direction, the outer cross-sectional contour of the sealed housing includes an outer convex curve and an inner convex curve, or the figure enclosed by the outer contour includes at least one outer convex portion and at least one inner convex portion.

[0559] 3.4.2. Sealed housing and liquid supply line The expansion device includes (1) a liquid-conducting material and / or a liquid-conducting device, (2) an expansion material, and further includes an outer sealed housing, which encloses the liquid-conducting material and the expansion material.

[0560] Preferably, the material from which the hermetic housing is made is a non-permeable or low-permeable material.

[0561] Preferably, the hermetic housing realizes an increase in the enclosed volume of the hermetic housing by tensile deformation of the material. Preferably, the hermetic housing material has a high deformation capacity. Preferably, the hermetic housing material is rubber.

[0562] Preferably, the change in the enclosed volume of the sealed housing is achieved by changing the enclosed shape of the outer surface of the sealed housing. Preferably, the sealed housing material can be selected from PVC material, thin-walled metal, and fiber-reinforced polymer material, and preferably, the fiber-reinforced polymer material is rubber containing cord. Preferably, when the sealed housing material has only a small deformation capacity along the circumferential direction, the outer contour line of the cross section of the sealed housing includes an outer convex curve and an inner convex curve. Alternatively, the figure enclosed by the contour line includes at least one outer convex portion and at least one inner convex portion. Preferably, the cross section of the sealed housing is dumbbell-shaped, trefoil-shaped, or quatrefoil-shaped. See FIG. 17.

[0563] Preferably, the space enclosed by the outer surface of the sealed housing varies in both shape and size.

[0564] Preferably, the expansion device further has a liquid supply line connected thereto for delivering liquid to the interior of the sealed housing for combining the liquid with an expansion material to expand it. Preferably, the other end of the liquid supply line is connected to a liquid storage device for delivering liquid in the liquid storage device to the expansion device.

[0565] 3.5. Preferred Scheme The expansion device has at least a portion of a spatial region where the expansion material surrounds or circumscribes the liquid-conducting material or device, as shown in Figures 52 to 54.

[0566] The expansion device has at least a portion of a spatial region where the liquid-conducting material surrounds or circumscribes the expansion material, as shown in Figures 62 and 63.

[0567] Preferably, the types of paths through which the liquid flows include at least types A, B, C, D, and E.

[0568] 3.5.1. Type A - The granular region is the main longitudinal passage The liquid guide method of the Type A is characterized by using the granular region as the main liquid guide path, and the liquid guide method of the Type A includes, but is not limited to, Type A1 and Type A2.

[0569] Type A1 (longitudinal granular area - expansive material) The liquid guide system of Type A1 is characterized in that the liquid passes through at least the granular region, which is the main vertical passage, and enters the expansive material during the liquid movement process. As shown in Figures 52 to 54.

[0570] Type 2 (longitudinal granular region -- liquid-conductive fiber or / and liquid-conductive thin layer material -- expansion material) The liquid-conducting method of Type A2 is characterized in that the liquid passes through at least the granular region during the process of movement, enters the liquid-conducting fibers and / or thin layer material, and then passes through the liquid-conducting fibers and / or thin layer material to enter the expansive material, as shown in Figures 55 and 56.

[0571] Type A3 (Vertical granular area - Horizontal granular area - Expansive material) The liquid guide system of Type A3 is characterized in that the liquid passes through at least the vertical main passage, the granular region, to enter the horizontal granular region, and then passes through the horizontal granular region to enter the expansive material. As shown in Figures 67 to 69.

[0572] 3.5.2. Type B - The permeate piping is the main vertical passage Type 1 (exudate pipe - expansion material) The characteristic of the liquid guide system of Type B1 is that the liquid movement process involves entering the expansion material through at least a vertical exudate pipe.

[0573] Type 2 (exudate piping -- liquid-conducting fiber / liquid-conducting thin layer material -- expansion material) The characteristic of the Type B2 liquid-conducting system is that the liquid movement process includes passing through at least the vertical exudate ducts into the liquid-conducting fibers and / or the liquid-conducting thin layer material, and also entering the expansion material from the liquid-conducting thin layer material.

[0574] Preferably, at least one segment of the liquid-conducting fibre or liquid-conducting lamina material is wrapped around or in contact with the exudate duct, the exudate duct having a gap, and at least one segment of the liquid-conducting fibre or liquid-conducting lamina material passes through the gap into the duct.

[0575] 3.5.3. Type C - The exudate duct surrounded by the granular area is the main vertical passage Type C1 (vertical exudate pipe - peripheral granular area - expansive material) The Type C1 liquid guideway is characterized in that the liquid travels through at least the vertical exudate channels into the surrounding granular region, and then from the surrounding granular region into the expansion material. See Figures 64 to 66.

[0576] Type C2 (longitudinal exudate piping -- peripheral granular area -- liquid-conducting fibers and / or thin liquid-conducting layers -- expansion material) The Type C2 liquid guide system is characterized in that the liquid travels through at least the vertical piping as a permeating liquid into the surrounding granular region, from the surrounding granular region into the liquid guide fibers and / or thin liquid guide layers, and then from the liquid guide fibers and / or thin liquid guide layers into the expansion material. See Figures 70 and 71.

[0577] Type C3 (vertical exudate piping - peripheral granular area - horizontal granular area - expansive material) The Type C3 liquid guide method is characterized in that the liquid travels through at least the vertical piping as a permeating liquid into the surrounding granular region, from the surrounding granular region into the horizontal granular region, and from the horizontal granular region into the expanding material. See Figures 67 to 69.

[0578] 3.5.4. T-shaped - the liquid-conducting lamina is a vertical channel The T-type liquid-permeable system is characterized in that, during the liquid transfer process, the liquid moves at least vertically along the liquid-permeable fibers and / or the liquid-permeable thin layer material, and then enters the expansion material from the liquid-permeable fibers and / or the liquid-permeable thin layer material. See Figures 57, 58, 59 to 61, and 72.

[0579] Preferably, the T-type liquid-conducting method further includes passing the liquid-conducting material from the liquid-conducting thin layer material through the liquid-conducting fibers into the expansion material. Preferably, the expansion material is granular. Preferably, one end of the liquid-conducting fiber is connected to the liquid-conducting thin layer material. Preferably, the spacing between the liquid-conducting fibers is 1 to 5 mm, or 5 to 10 mm, or 10 to 20 mm, or greater than 20 mm. Preferably, the ratio of the length of the liquid-conducting fiber to the spacing between the fibers is 1 to 5, or 5 to 10, or greater than 10.

[0580] Type B - A mixture of expanded material granules and solid granules and / or liquid-conducting short fibers The liquid-guide type B is characterized in that granules and / or fibers of the liquid-guide material are mixed with granules of the expanding material. Preferably, the liquid-guide type can be selected from types B1, B2, and B3.

[0581] Type 1 (short fiber + expanding agent granules) The feature of the liquid-conducting type B1 is that short liquid-conducting fibers are randomly distributed in the expanding material particles, and the short fibers help the liquid conduct and diffuse. Preferably, the voids in the expanding material granules are also used to conduct the liquid.

[0582] Type 2 (solid granules + expanding agent granules) The feature of the type B2 liquid guide method is that solid granules and granules of expansion material are mixed, and the gaps between the solid granules, the gaps between the granules of expansion material, and the gaps between the solid granules and the granules of expansion material are used to conduct the liquid.

[0583] Type B3 (short fiber + solid granules + expanding material pellets) The characteristic of the Type B3 liquid-conducting method is that solid granules, short liquid-conducting fibers, and granules of expanding material are mixed together. The gaps between the various granules, the passages on the short liquid-conducting fibers, and the gaps between the liquid-conducting fibers and the solid granules all serve as liquid-conducting passages.

[0584] Preferably, the expansion device employs a type B liquid guide for the vertical liquid guide. Preferably, the expansion device has separate vertical passages and uses a type B liquid guide for the radial or horizontal liquid guide.

[0585] 3.6. Example 3.6.1 Example 3.1 - Type A1, Figures 52 to 54 (1) Structural form The configuration of the expansion device is shown in Figures 52 to 54.

[0586] The sealed housing P0 consists of an upper rubber sleeve P01 sealed at one end, a lower rubber sleeve P02 sealed at the other end, and transparent connecting rubber sleeves P03 at both ends. The outer surfaces of the rubber sleeves P01 and P02 are bonded to the inner surface of the rubber sleeve P03.

[0587] The swelling material P2 is a granular water-absorbing swelling material, preferably the water-absorbing swelling material is water-absorbent resin granules, preferably the water-absorbent swelling material is water-absorbent rubber granules.

[0588] The expanded material P2 has five vertical liquid-conducting passages P13. The passages P13 include a granule region P131 and a shaping device P132. Preferably, the granules in the granule region are quartz sand particles of approximately uniform size. The shaping device is a bag sewn with woven fiber fabric. After filling with solid granules, the bag is sufficiently expanded laterally to keep the shape of the granule region relatively fixed. After filling with solid granules, the ends of the bag P132 must be sealed. The ends and sides of the bag P132 are permeable.

[0589] Granule regions P13a and P13b are provided at both ends of the expansion device, and both ends of the liquid-conducting passage P13 are embedded in the granule regions P13a and P13b, respectively. An isolation cap P32a is provided at the end of the liquid supply pipe p31a to prevent solid granules in the granule region P13a from entering the liquid supply pipe. The liquid supply pipe p31a is fixed to the end of the rubber sleeve P01, creating a sealed, non-ventilated space between the two. The lower end of the expansion device is treated in a similar manner to the upper end, and an isolation cap P32b is also provided at the end of the liquid supply pipe p31b, which is fixed to the rubber sleeve P02 in a similar manner.

[0590] (2) Assembly method For convenience, a construction jacket P4 may be used during construction. See FIG. 54. Inside the construction jacket P4 are the expansion material P2, the longitudinal liquid-conducting passage P13, and the granular regions P13a and P13b. In one preferred embodiment, after the above materials and devices are arranged, they are wrapped inside a thin layer of material, and a thin layer of liquid-conducting material is attached with adhesive to prevent diffusion. Then, both ends of the construction jacket are closed. Preferably, the construction jacket itself also has a longitudinal liquid-conducting passage. Preferably, the construction jacket is made of paper. Preferably, the paper is filter paper. Preferably, the construction jacket material significantly reduces its strength after encountering water. Preferably, the construction jacket material itself has low strength, so that the expansion of the expansion material after encountering water is hardly restricted. Preferably, the construction jacket is made of a fabric with low strength or a fabric with large elastic deformation.

[0591] After the installation of the construction jacket is completed, the materials and equipment for wrapping the construction jacket are placed in the rubber sleeve P02, the rubber sleeve P01 is placed on the top of the construction cover, and the rubber sleeve P03 is glued to P01 and P02 respectively.

[0592] (3) After assembly is complete, vacuum the Preferably, the expansion device after installation is vacuumed, and the interior of the sealed housing is vacuumed through the liquid supply pipes p31b and / or p31a. This has three purposes: (1) to fix the shape of the expansion device; (2) to sufficiently compress the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the sealed housing; and (3) to prevent the formation of voids occupied by gas in the liquid-conducting passages. If gas is present in the passages, the gas will prevent the liquid from moving through the liquid-conducting passages and further prevent the expansion material from absorbing the liquid. The expansion device to be vacuumed is provided with one or two liquid supply pipes. If two liquid supply pipes are provided, valves are provided on the upper and lower liquid supply pipes p31a and p31b.

[0593] (4) Injection method a. Vacuum suction method When the vacuum level inside the expansion device is high, the negative vacuum pressure draws the liquid into the expansion material. Specifically, for an expansion device with liquid supply pipes on both ends, the liquid is drawn only through the lower liquid supply pipe. The valve on the upper liquid supply pipe remains closed. An external pipe is provided between the valve on the lower liquid supply pipe and the liquid in the tank, and the external pipe is filled with liquid. When the valve is opened, the liquid is drawn into the void of the sealed housing, and then the liquid is drawn into the expansion device. Of course, it is also possible to draw the liquid through the upper liquid supply pipe and keep the valve on the lower liquid supply pipe closed.

[0594] If the liquid drawn in is water, the preferred water is cold water or water in a well-aerated melt.

[0595] b. Water head injection method When the air pressure inside and outside the sealed housing of the expansion device is approximately the same, liquid is injected into the gap of the expansion device through the lower liquid supply pipe. At the same time, the valve of the upper liquid supply pipe must be opened so that the liquid can push out the voids inside the expansion device and allow gas to be discharged through the upper liquid supply pipe. When injecting liquid, the liquid is slowly introduced from the lower end to fully push out the gas in the voids. Preferably, a certain water head is maintained on the liquid entering the liquid supply pipe so that the liquid can slowly flow into the voids of the expansion device under the pressure of the water head. Preferably, the liquid-conducting material has a certain proportion of capillary pores that allow the liquid to be drawn into the expansion material by capillary action.

[0596] When the expansion volume or pressure generated by the expansion device reaches a predetermined value, the upper and lower valves are closed to prevent liquid from entering the expansion device. When the expansion volume or pressure generated by the expansion device falls below a predetermined value, the lower or upper valves are opened, and the expansion material continues to absorb the liquid and expand. This process is repeated to control the volume and pressure.

[0597] (5) Path of liquid movement during injection The liquid flows out of the lower liquid supply pipe p31b, passes through the filter cap p32b, and enters the granule region p13b. The liquid then splits into two. One liquid moves upward along the gaps in the granule region P131 of the vertical liquid-conducting passage P13, and from region P131 enters the expanded material P2, which passes laterally through the gaps or gaps in the shaping device P132. The other liquid passes through the granule region P13b and enters the expanded material from its upper boundary.

[0598] Preferably, short liquid-conducting fibers are mixed into the expansive material. Preferably, needle-shaped wood is mixed into the expansive material. Preferably, one end of the needle-shaped wood is inserted into the granule region P131.

[0599] 3.6.2 Example 3.2 - Type A2, Figures 55 and 56 The expansion device is shown in Figures 55 and 56.

[0600] The upper end of the expansion device is provided with a liquid supply pipe p31a and a filter cap P32a, and the lower end is provided with a liquid supply pipe p31b and a filter cap P32b. A vertical main liquid-conducting passage is formed from the granular regions P13a, P13c, and P13b. One end of the spiral liquid-conducting thin layer material P12 is embedded in the granular region P13c, and the other region inside the sealed housing P0 is filled with expansion material P2.

[0601] Preferably, the expanding material P2 is a water-absorbing resin granule or a water-absorbing rubber granule, and preferably, the expanding material P2 is a mixture of montmorillonite granules and a water-absorbing resin.

[0602] Preferably, the outermost layer of the spiral liquid-conducting lamina P12 surrounds all of the intumescent material P2 therein and forms a jacket over the outermost lamina.

[0603] Preferably, the sealed housing is made of rubber or other polymeric material with large deformation capacity. Preferably, the liquid supply pipes p3a and p31b are metal pipes or plastic pipes with a certain hardness that will not be crushed by atmospheric pressure in a vacuum. The liquid supply pipes p31a and p31b are both sealed at the connection with the sealed housing, so that gas can be prevented from entering at the connection when the inside of the sealed housing is evacuated.

[0604] When using the vacuum pumping method, liquid is injected from the lower liquid supply pipe. The liquid enters granular region P13b and partially diffuses into the granular expanded material region around the sides, forming the first path. Another portion of the liquid moves axially from bottom to top into granular region P13c. Some of the liquid then enters the inner end of the spiral liquid-conducting thin layer P12 and continues to move tangentially through the thin layer, penetrating the gaps between each turn of the thin layer and the granules of expanded material near the upper and lower ends of the thin layer. This forms the second path. The other portion of the liquid continues to rise in granular region P13c, enters granular region P13a, and diffuses into the peripheral regions around the sides.

[0605] 3.6.3 Example 3.3 - T-Shaped, Figs. 57 and 58 The expansion device is shown in Figures 57 and 58.

[0606] In this example, the following materials or equipment are the same as in Example 1: liquid supply pipes p31a, p31b, filtering caps p32a, p32b, granule regions p13a, p13b, and sealing housing p0.

[0607] In the first preferred embodiment, the expanding material P2 is a water-absorbent flexible rubber sheet. During assembly, a single or multi-layer rubber sheet P2 and a liquid-conductive thin layer material P12 are laid out and spirally wound. In the axial direction of the expanding device, both ends of the liquid-conductive thin layer material extend beyond both ends of the rubber sheet, and both ends of the thin layer material are embedded in the granular regions P13a and P13b. Because the expanding material itself is a continuous body, no construction jacket is required during assembly.

[0608] When liquid is injected from the bottom, the liquid flows from the liquid supply pipe p31b through the filter cap P32b into the granule region p13b, enters the spiral liquid-guiding material P12, and then moves from bottom to top along the thin layer into the granule region P13a. When liquid is injected without vacuuming, the process of liquid moving from bottom to top also displaces gas in the void of the sealed housing. After the liquid enters the upper liquid supply pipe p31a, most of the gas in this void is discharged. Once the liquid enters the liquid-guiding thin layer material, it seeps out from both surfaces of the thin layer material and enters the water-absorbent rubber thin plate.

[0609] In the second preferred embodiment, the expansive material P2 is a granular water-absorbing material. The outermost layer of the spiral liquid-conducting thin layer material P12 is used as a construction jacket, and all of the expansive material P2 is enclosed within it.

[0610] 3.6.4. Example 3.4 - T-shape, Figs. 59 to 61 The expansion device is shown in Figures 59, 60 and 61.

[0611] In this example, the following materials or equipment are the same as in Example 1: liquid supply pipes p31a, p31b, filtering caps p32a, p32b, granule regions p13a, p13b, and sealing housing p0.

[0612] The expanding material P2 is a granular water-absorbing resin or rubber granule.

[0613] In the first preferred embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 59 and 60, the liquid-conductive thin layer material P12 is elongated, and its upper and lower ends are respectively embedded in granular regions P13a and P13b.

[0614] In the second preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 60 and 61, the liquid-conductive thin layer material P12 is repeatedly folded, and the upper and lower ends are also embedded in the granular regions P13a and P13b, respectively.

[0615] In this embodiment, the liquid flow path is similar to that in the third embodiment.

[0616] 3.6.5. Example 3.5 - Type A1, Figures 62 and 63 The expansion device is shown in FIGS.

[0617] In this example, the following materials or equipment are the same as in Example 1: liquid supply pipes p31a, p31b, filtering caps p32a, p32b, granule regions p13a, p13b, and sealing housing p0.

[0618] The expansion material P2 is a thin plate-shaped liquid-absorbing expansion material. Preferably, the liquid-absorbing expansion material is a water-absorbent rubber sheet. The water-absorbent rubber thin plate is surrounded by a granular region, which serves as a liquid-conducting passage. During the liquid injection, the liquid movement path is similar to that in Example 1.

[0619] Example 3.6 - Type C1, Figures 64, 65, and 66 The expansion device is shown in Figures 64 to 67.

[0620] In this example, the following materials or equipment are the same as those in Example 1: liquid supply pipe p3 1a, p3 1b, filtering cap p32a, p32b, granule area p13a, p13b, expansion material p2, and sealing housing P0.

[0621] Five infiltrate pipes P152 are placed in the expanding material P2, and both ends of the pipes enter the upper and lower granular areas P13a and P13b, and the surroundings of the pipes are the peripheral granular area P131, and the granular area is surrounded by the shaping device P132.

[0622] During the process of injecting the liquid from the bottom, the liquid enters the granule region p13b through the liquid supply pipe p31b, and then enters the permeate pipe P152 through the bottom of the soaking pipe P152. The walls and both ends of the permeate pipe P152 are permeable, so the liquid in the permeate pipe P151 seeps through the walls and enters the granule region P131, and then from the granule region through the shaping device P132 into the expanding material P2.

[0623] Example 3.7 - Type C3, Figures 67, 68, and 69 The expansion device is shown in Figures 67 to 69. In this embodiment, only the sealed housing P0 is the same as in Example 1. Liquid supply connection pipes P32a and P32b are provided at both ends of the sealed housing, and their outer ends are connected to liquid supply pipes p31a and p31b, respectively. Their inner ends are connected to both ends of the liquid permeation pipe P152, respectively. The expansion material P2 is a continuous body of multiple rings (called expansion rings), with granular regions P132 in the gaps between the expansion rings and granular regions P131 between the expansion rings and the exudate pipe P152.

[0624] When liquid is injected into the supply pipe p31b from the lower end, the liquid travels upward from the supply pipe p31b, enters the pipe hole P151, seeps out of the pipe wall P152 into the surrounding granular region P131, enters the granular region P132, and finally enters the expansion material P2.

[0625] The use of exudate piping is advantageous for long distance longitudinal movement of liquid, especially when the expansion device has a large length to diameter ratio, for example, a length to diameter ratio of 10-120.

[0626] Example 3.8 - Type C2, Figures 70 and 71 The expansion device is shown in Figures 70 and 71.

[0627] In this example, the following materials or equipment are the same as in Example 7: liquid supply connection pipes p31a and p31b, liquid supply pipes p32a and p32b, and a sealed housing P0.

[0628] A permeate pipe P152 is provided at the axial position of the expansion device, and its upper and lower ends are connected to liquid supply connection pipes p31a and p31b, respectively, and its side periphery is a granular region P131. The liquid-conductive thin layer material is an annular sheet P12, and the permeate pipe P152 passes through its central hole, and the granular region P131 also passes through the central hole of the annular sheet.

[0629] When liquid is injected into the supply pipe p31b from the bottom, the liquid travels upward from the supply pipe p31b into the pipe hole P151, then seeps through the pipe wall P152 into the surrounding granular region P131, then splits into two paths: one path first enters the annular sheet P12 and then into the expansion material P2, and the other path directly enters the expansion material P2 in contact with the granular region P131.

[0630] When the expansion device is very long, for example, its length to diameter ratio is 10 to 20 or 20 to 100 or more than 100, the use of a liquid permeation tube is advantageous for the liquid to travel long distances in the longitudinal direction.

[0631] Example 3.9 - T-shape, Fig. 72 A cross section of the expansion device is shown in Figure 73. The sealed housing P0 is a four-lobed pipe made of PVC material, sealed at both ends, with a liquid supply pipe provided at at least one end of the sealed housing P0. The liquid guide device P12 is made of a thin material with two angled cross sections, and its length is approximately equal to the length of the tube hole of P0. Preferably, one or both ends of the tube P0 are provided with a granular area, and the end of the liquid guide device P12 is embedded in the granular area. The expansion material P2 is water-absorbent resin granules and / or water-absorbent rubber granules.

[0632] 4. Method of applying pressure to the surrounding medium using a complex volume compensator 4.1. Method of applying pressure to the surrounding medium using a complex volume compensator This method uses a complex volume compensator to apply pressure to the surrounding medium, and its features are as follows: (1) The complex product compensator is as described above.

[0633] (2) In the process of using the composite volume compensation device to provide pressure, in addition to using the support device and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is required, which is a material that can enter a solid state from a fluid state.

[0634] (3) The support device of the composite volume compensation device has the following spatial relationship between the pressure device and the fluid-solid conversion material:

[0635] The fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support device and the outer surface of the pressure supply device, and / or in an outer peripheral spatial region of at least a portion of the support device.

[0636] (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state. a. When the pressure of the fluid solid conversion material outside the support device applied to the external medium increases, the fluid solid conversion material flows through the connecting passage into the cavity surrounded by the support device, pushing out the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device. When the pressure of the fluid solid conversion material outside the support device and / or in the connecting passage by the external medium decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity increases, causing the fluid solid conversion material to flow outside the support device. or / and, b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device pushes the fluid-solid conversion material in the cavity of the support device and flows out of the support device through the connecting passage. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, when the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support device is subjected to the pressure action of the surrounding medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity of the support device through the connecting passage.

[0637] (5) Fluid-Solid Conversion: When the material is in a solid state The fluid-solid conversion material and the support device form a composite housing that collectively resists the pressure of an external medium, and the support device is capable of withstanding the pressure exerted on its outer surface by the solidified fluid-solid conversion material.

[0638] 4.2. Example of a complex product compensator 4.2.1 Example 4.1 The designs shown in Figures 21 to 23 employ a Type III composite volume compensator, including devices a and b. Device a includes a steel pipe 321 and a steel end closure device 3213. A hole 3212 is drilled in the wall of the steel pipe 321, and a spherical housing is welded to one end of the steel pipe. The sealing device 3213 has an external thread and is connected to the internally threaded steel pipe 321 at the pipe mouth. Device b is a steel pipe 322 with a hole 3222 drilled in the wall. The hole 3212 in the wall of the inner steel pipe 321 faces the non-hole wall region of the outer steel pipe 322. The hole 3222 in the wall of the outer steel pipe 322 faces the outer surface of the non-hole wall region of the inner steel pipe 321. The inner pipe 3211 and the outer pipe 3221 are connected with multiple bolts to maintain a stable relative position between them.

[0639] The inner region of the steel pipe 321 is the inner region of the support device 32, and the peripheral region of the steel pipe 322 is the peripheral region of the support device 32. The connecting passages between the inner region and the peripheral region of the support device include the pipe wall hole 3212 of the steel pipe 321, the gap between the inner layer steel pipe 321 and the outer layer steel pipe 322, and the pipe wall hole 3222 on the outer layer steel pipe 322.

[0640] A bag-type supply device 31 is located inside the steel pipe 321, and the bag 31 connects to an external pressure source via a connecting pipe 3101. The bag 31 can be selected from a gas bag, a liquid bag, or a gas-liquid bag. The gap 331 between the bag 31 and the inner surface of the device a, the pipe wall hole 3222 of the steel pipe 321, the gap 332 between the inner steel pipe 321 and the outer steel pipe 322, the pipe wall hole of the outer steel pipe 322, and the peripheral area 333 of the outer steel pipe are filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material is a mixture of slow-setting epoxy resin and solid powder. Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material is reactive powder concrete or slow-setting reactive powder concrete. The pipe wall holes 3212 and 3222 of the steel pipes 321 and 322 and the gap between the steel pipes 321 and 322 must be suitable for the flow of the fluid-solid conversion material.

[0641] Preferably, the bag-type pressure supply device is an energy storage device. The working principle of the bag is as follows: When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, when the pressure in the peripheral area 333 of the support device decreases, the bag 31 expands, and the bag pushes the fluid-solid conversion material in the inner area of ​​the steel pipe 321. The fluid-solid conversion material passes through the holes 3212 in the wall of the steel pipe 321, then through the gap 332 between the steel pipes 321 and 322, and finally through the pipe wall hole 3222 of the steel pipe 322, and enters the peripheral area 333 of the steel pipe 322. When the pressure in the peripheral area 333 of the support device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material in the peripheral area passes through the pipe wall hole 3222, the gap 332, and the pipe wall hole 3212 into the steel pipe inner area 331, and the apparent volume of the compressed bag 31 increases. In this case, the bag 31 is an energy storage device. The fluid-solid conversion material undergoes two transformations in the process of moving from the internal region 331 to the peripheral region 333. First, it flows out from the pipe wall hole 3212 of the steel pipe 321, turns when it encounters the inner wall of the steel pipe 322, and flows along the gap 332 between the steel pipes 321 and 322. Second, it changes from flowing along the gap 332 to passing through the gap 3222 between the steel pipes 322 and flows out.

[0642] Preferably, the bag-type pressure supply device is a pressurized energy storage device. The working principle of the bag under pressure is as follows: When an external pressure source pushes fluid into the bag 31 through the pipeline, the apparent volume of the bag increases, and the fluid-solid conversion material in the inner region of the steel pipe 321 first flows out through the holes 3212 in the wall of the steel pipe 321, and finally enters the peripheral region 333 of the steel pipe 322, pushing out the surrounding medium.

[0643] When the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, it integrates with the inner steel pipe 321 and the outer steel pipe 322 to form a composite housing. The composite housing has much higher crushing rigidity than the bag, and the maximum radial compressive stress and maximum axial compressive stress it can provide to the surrounding medium are also much higher than those of the bag. Under the action of the surrounding pressure, the fluid-solid conversion material near the hole in the wall of the steel pipe 321 exhibits a complex stress distribution and significant stress concentration. As the surrounding load pressure increases, the fluid-solid conversion material near the hole first yields, and the yield region diffuses toward the inner surface of the steel pipe 322, where radial diffusion stops. However, diametric diffusion may occur in the inner region of the steel pipe 322, resulting in stress redistribution. At the same time, the maximum radial compressive stress that the composite housing including the steel pipes 321 and 322 can withstand in the surrounding medium is greater than the maximum compressive stress that a composite housing including only the steel pipe 321 can withstand. When the radial compressive stress is high, this method can provide good technical effects.

[0644] 4.2.2. Example 4.2 In the plans shown in Figures 24 to 26, a type III support device including device a and device b is used for the composite volume compensation device. Device a is the same as device a in Example 1. Device b is a composite device for short steel pipes, including several short steel pipes 3221, with gaps 3212 between the short steel pipes. The pipe wall holes 3212 of the steel pipe 321 used as device a face the inner surface of the short steel pipe 322 of device b, and the gaps 3212 of device b face the hole-free area on the outer surface of the inner layer steel pipe 321.

[0645] An upper limit gas liquid bag 331 is placed in the internal region of the steel pipe 321. Slow-setting reactive powder concrete used as a fluid-solid conversion material is filled in the gaps between the gas liquid bag and the steel pipe 321, in the pipe wall hole 3212 of the steel pipe 321, in the gaps between the steel pipe 321 and the short steel pipe 322, in the gaps 3222 between the short steel pipes 322, and in the peripheral region 333 of the steel pipe 322.

[0646] 4.2.3. Example 4.3 The schemes shown in Figures 27 to 29 also employ a Type III composite volume compensator, including devices c and d. Device c includes a steel pipe 321 sealed at one end and a removable end sealing device 3213. Two rows of holes 3212 are drilled in the wall of the steel pipe 321, each with the same diameter, at both ends. Device d is a long shield 322 with an arch-shaped cross section and holes 3222 drilled in the shield. Several welds are present between the steel pipe 321 and the shield 322 to fix their relative positions. The holes 3212 in the wall of the steel pipe 321 face toward the non-hole area on the shield 322, and the holes 3222 on the shield 322 face toward the outer surface of the non-hole area on the steel pipe 321.

[0647] A gas bag 31 is attached to the inner region of the steel pipe 321. A fluid-solid conversion material is filled in the gap between the gas bag 31 and the steel pipe 321, in the pipe wall hole 3212 of the steel pipe 321, in the region 332 surrounded by the inner surface of the shield 322 and the outer surface of the steel pipe 321, and in the peripheral region 333 of the support device.

[0648] The connecting passages between the inner area and the peripheral area of ​​the support device include a pipe wall hole 3212 on the steel pipe 321 , an area 332 surrounded by the steel pipe 321 and the shield 322 , and a hole 3222 on the shield 322 .

[0649] After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite housing. When radial compressive stress exists in the surrounding medium, the shield 322 can diffuse the radial compressive stress in the surrounding area, weaken the width of the stress concentration in the fluid-solid conversion material near the pipe wall hole area of ​​the steel pipe 321, and further increase the compressive stress in the corresponding surrounding medium when the fluid-solid conversion material in the hole area is destroyed.

[0650] 4.2.4. Example 4.4 Figures 30 and 31 show a Type III composite volume compensation device, in which the support device 32 comprises device a and device b. Device a is the same as device a in Example 1, and device b is a short-pipe composite device. The short pipe of device b is a steel pipe 322 with a corrugated cross section. The inner convex part of the corrugated steel pipe 322 is in close contact with the outer surface of the inner steel pipe 321, which has no holes in the pipe wall, and pre-compression stress exists at the contact surface, fixing the relative position between the two.

[0651] An upper gas bag 31 is placed in the internal area of ​​the support device, and a fluid-solid conversion material is filled in the hole 3212 where the wall of the steel pipe 321 is placed in the gap 331 between the gas bag and the steel pipe 321, in the gap 332 between the steel pipe 321 and the short corrugated cross-section steel pipe 322, in the gap 3222 between the short bellows cross-section steel pipes, and in the surrounding area 333.

[0652] After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, when the support ring formed by the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material is subjected to radial pressure stress from the surrounding medium, the outer convex arch portion of the short steel pipe 322 will share some of the radial pressure stress, reducing the radial pressure stress of the fluid-solid conversion material in the gap between the short steel pipe 322 and the steel pipe 321, and the final result is to improve the overall crushing capacity of the composite case.

[0653] 5. Composite structural member including composite volume compensator 5.1. Materials and their manufacturing methods 5.1.1. Materials Composite structural member including parts A, B, and C (1) Among them, (1) The part A is a solid device, and part A has one or more cavities, and part B and part C are present in at least one cavity.

[0654] (2) Any of the cavities is a cavity of a single-communicating region or a cavity of a multiple-communicating region. The cavity of a single-communicating region is characterized in that, in any cross section of the cavity, the spatial region in which the cavity is located is a single-communicating region. The cavity of a multiple-communicating region is characterized in that there is at least one cross section as shown below, and the spatial region in which the cavity is located is a multiple-communicating region.

[0655] (3) Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0656] (4) The part C includes at least one of the following eight items a to h: One or more complex product compensators.

[0657] b. Residue of one or more complex product compensators.

[0658] c. at least one blank area, where no device or material is present and where the area was previously occupied by said composite product compensator;

[0659] d. One or more independent pressure supply devices.

[0660] e. Residues of one or more independent pressure supply systems.

[0661] f. At least one blank area, devoid of any equipment or materials, formerly occupied by an independent pressure supply device.

[0662] g. One or more restraining hoops.

[0663] h. One or more auxiliary carrier devices.

[0664] (2) Among them, (1) The composite volume compensation device includes a support device and a pressure supply device.

[0665] (2) The independent pressure supply device is a pressure supply device that is not accompanied by a support device.

[0666] (3) The restraining hoop is characterized by an inner region that restrains the hoop and a peripheral region that restrains the hoop, the inner region being surrounded or circumscribed by the restraining hoop, and the peripheral region circumventing or restraining the hoop. A flow passage exists between the inner region that restrains the hoop and the peripheral region. The flow passage is suitable for passing material, which is part B, in a flowable state, on one or both sides of the flow passage.

[0667] (4) The role of the auxiliary supporting device is to bear the load in a certain direction together with the material in part B in the cavity.

[0668] (5) The remainder of said composite volume compensator is a part, portion, or whole of said device that results in the device losing its functionality.

[0669] (6) The remainder of the independent pressure supply system is a part, a portion, or the whole of the system, which has already lost its function as a pressure supply system.

[0670] Preferably, the single-communicating cavity is a cylindrical cavity, a spherical cavity, or an ellipsoidal cavity. The cylindrical cavity, spherical cavity, and ellipsoidal cavity are characterized in that the spatial region in which the cavity is located is a cylinder, a sphere, or an ellipsoid. Preferably, the cylindrical cavity is a cavity surrounded by a tube and sealing devices on both ends.

[0671] Preferably, the multi-communication region cavity is an annular cavity. One way to obtain an annular cavity is to insert one pipe into the hollow of another pipe, and then seal the gap between the two pipes at both ends of the pipe. The gap region between the two pipes is an annular cavity.

[0672] Preferably, the multi-communicating cavity is a housing cavity, which is a spatial region occupied by a housing having a certain thickness. Preferably, the housing cavity is an ellipsoidal housing cavity, and the resulting method is that the first thin shell of the ellipsoid is located in the cavity of the second thin shell of the ellipsoid. The gap region between the first thin shell of the ellipsoid and the second thin shell of the ellipsoid is the cavity of the ellipsoidal shell.

[0673] The composite structural member options include, but are not limited to, solid compression members, hollow compression members, liquid storage tanks, and liquid transport piping. Preferably, the axis of the solid compression member is straight, preferably, the axis of the solid compression member is curved, and preferably, the axis of the solid compression member is an arch curve. Preferably, the axis of the hollow compression member is straight. Preferably, the axis of the hollow compression member is curved. Preferably, the axis of the hollow compression member is an arch curve.

[0674] 5.1.2. How to make components The method for fabricating a composite structural member has the following characteristics:

[0675] (1) The component includes part A and part B.

[0676] (2) The member includes part C 1 and / or the member includes part C 2 at least for a certain period of time.

[0677] (1) The method for producing the above-mentioned product includes the following steps: (1) Obtaining a section A and a section C, wherein the section A has at least one cavity.

[0678] (2) Part C is placed in the cavity of part A, and the cavity of part A is filled with the material of part B.

[0679] (4) Control the pressure and temperature of part B so that the pressure of the material in part B is higher than normal pressure and / or the temperature is higher than normal temperature at least during a certain period of time.

[0680] (2) Among them, (1) The part A is a solid-state device.

[0681] (2) Part B comprises one or more solidifiable materials that occupy different spatial regions in the cavity of Part A. During filling and for a time after filling is complete, the material that is Part B is in a flowable state.

[0682] (3) The part C includes one or more complex product compensators.

[0683] 《5.2.》 [Part A] Preferably, the part A has only one cavity. Preferably, the part A has two or more cavities. When the part A has two or more cavities, at least two cavities are independent of each other and / or at least two cavities are connected to each other.

[0684] The shape of part A is related to the shape of the member, and part A will be explained later using specific members.

[0685] 5.3. Materials that are part B 5.3.1. [Type and composition of material in part B] In at least one cavity in part A, the material of part B can be selected from the following four types, but is not limited to these.

[0686] (1) Cement-based material Preferably, the cement base material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, normal strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete.

[0687] (2) A mixture of a cement-based material and a polymeric material, in which the cement is involved in hydration; Preferably, the polymeric material is a polymer emulsion.

[0688] Preferably, the material is a self-curable polymeric material containing an epoxy resin.

[0689] (3) Polymeric materials that can harden themselves Preferably, the self-curable polymeric material comprises an epoxy resin.

[0690] (4) Mixtures of polymeric materials with solid powders and / or solid granules Preferably, the material of Part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder. Preferably, the material of Part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid granule. Preferably, the material of Part B is a mixture of a polymeric material, a solid powder, and a solid granule.

[0691] Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder, and the solid granules are metal granules or inorganic non-metallic material granules. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and granules are stone powder and stone, respectively.

[0692] 5.3.2. Type, quantity and characteristics of material in part B Preferably, in at least one cavity of the part A,

number

number

number

number

number

[0693] Preferably, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, M≧2, and i≦j, and there is at least one time period corresponding to said i and j. In this time period,

number

number

[0694] Preferably, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, M≧2, i≦

number

number

[0695] (i) The foregoing

number

number

number

number

number

[0696] The aforementioned

number

number

number

number

[0697] Preferably, when the volume of the cavity is small or the diameter of the smallest covering circle of the cross section is small, one cavity contains only one material that is part B. Preferably, when the material that is part B does not shrink or the shrinkage volumetric strain is relatively small, one cavity contains only one material that is part B.

[0698] Preferably, the cavity

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0699] Preferably, in the cavity

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0700] 5.3.3. Stress history experienced by the material in part B At least one cavity of the part A has at least one i, where 1≦i≦M is satisfied, and a corresponding

number

[0701] (i) preferably,

number

number

[0702]

number

number

[0703] (ii) preferably,

number

number

[0704] The solidification process of many fluid-solid conversion materials continues for a long time, and the rheological properties of the material change throughout this process, but overall the viscosity coefficient of the material is lower than its value after solidification is complete.

number

[0705] (iii) Preferably,

number

number

[0706]

number

number

[0707] 5.3.4. Working Mechanism of the Complex Product Compensator At least one composite volume compensator is present in the cavity surrounded by the part A, and when the material in part B, which is in contact with the outer surface of the support device, is in a flowable state, the composite structural member has the following characteristics A and / or B: (1) The aforementioned Feature A (i) When the material, part B, between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A decreases in volume, or the material, part B, in that area flows out of that area, or the space occupied by other devices or materials in that area is ceded, or the volume of part A surrounding the cavity increases, the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device expands in volume, and forces the material, part B, in the cavity of the support device to flow through the connecting passage into the external periodic spatial area of ​​the support device.

[0708] (ii) When the volume of the material, part B, between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A increases, the space occupied by the material, part B, in that area is compressed, or the volume of part A surrounding the cavity decreases, the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device contracts in volume, and the material, part A, which is part B surrounding the cavity flows through the connecting passage into the external periodic space area of ​​the support device.

[0709] (2) The aforementioned Feature B (i) When a pressure change occurs in the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device, the material that is part B in the cavity of the support device passes through the connecting passage and transmits the pressure change to the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A.

[0710] When a pressure change occurs in the material in part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, this change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device.

[0711] or / and, (ii) When the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device expands in volume, the material in part B in the cavity of the support housing passes through the connecting passage and flows into the area between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A.

[0712] When the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device contracts in volume and there is compressive stress in the B material between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, the B material between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A will enter the cavity of the support device through the connecting passage.

[0713] 5.3.5. Operating mechanism of the support device after the material solidifies At least one composite volume compensation device is present in the cavity surrounded by part A, and after part B, which is a material in contact with the outer surface of the support device, solidifies and has a certain strength, the material of part B bonds with the support device to form a composite housing, and the composite housing as a whole resists the pressure of the external medium.

[0714] In the cavity surrounded by the part A, the supporting device, the pressure supply device, and the material of the part B have at least one of the following characteristics:

[0715] (1) The apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are respectively much lower than the bulk modulus and volume deformation modulus of the material of part B at any stage. The aforementioned any stage refers to any stage in the entire process, and the entire process refers to the process in which the material changes from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength. (2) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches its design strength, the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the composite housing consisting of the material of part B and the support device are respectively much higher than the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device.

[0716] (3) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches its design strength, the composite housing consisting of the material of part B and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure applied to the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure that the pressure supply device supplies to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device operates alone.

[0717] (4) The outer surface of the non-perforated portion of the support device is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure applied to the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device is operating alone.

[0718] (5) The apparent rigidity of the non-hole portion of the support device is much higher than the apparent rigidity of the pressure device.

[0719] 《5.4.》Isolation device In the cavity surrounded by the part A, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, M≧2, and i≠j.

number

number

[0720] (1) The above

number

number

number

[0721] (2) The above

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0722] (3) The above

number

number

number

[0723] Preferably, in a composite structural member used as a column, the isolation device is a thin steel cylinder;

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0724] 5.5. Solid compression members Preferably, the composite structural member is a solid compression member. Preferably, the selection of solid compression members includes columns.

[0725] 《5.5.1.》Part A When the composite structural member is a solid compression member, the geometry of Part A has the following characteristics:

[0726] Part A of the member has an axis at least within a certain length. At least one segment of the axis of part A is a straight line or a curved line. Preferably, the curved line is an arched curve.

[0727] Within one segment, multiple segments, or the entire length of the component part A, the figure enclosed by the outer contour line of the cross section of the component part A and / or the figure enclosed by the outer contour line of the cross section of the cavity enclosed by the component part A has the following characteristics: The figure is enclosed by straight lines and / or curves, and the selection range of the enclosed figures includes at least outwardly convex figures. The selection range of the outwardly convex figures includes at least outwardly convex curved figures, outwardly convex polygons, and outwardly convex polygons, and the selection range of the outwardly convex curved figures includes at least circles and ellipses.

[0728] Preferably, the cross section of the member portion A further has any of the following characteristics: (1) Within the length of one segment of the member, the cross section of the member portion A has the same shape and dimensions at different positions in the longitudinal direction. (2) Within at least the length of one segment of the member, the cross section and shape of the member portion A at different positions in the longitudinal direction are similar, but have different dimensions. (3) Within at least the length of one segment of the member, at least two different positions can be found in the longitudinal direction, and the cross section of the member portion A at these two positions have dissimilar shapes and different dimensions.

[0729] Preferably, the part A comprises a tube and a sealing device, and the sealing device is connected to both ends of the tube and closes the tube hole. Preferably, the selection range of the outer shape of the tube includes a cylindrical body and a trapezoid. Preferably, the selection range of the trapezoid includes a circular body, an elliptical cross-section trapezoid, and a rectangular trapezoid.

[0730] 5.5.2. Representative component S1 - one type of B material Preferably, the solid compression member is a representative member S1. In the representative compression member S1, a cavity in the section A is filled with only one material, that is, section B. Preferably, a long composite volume compensator is provided in the cavity of the section A. Preferably, the length of the long composite volume compensator is close to the length of the cavity of the section A, and preferably, the compensator is located at the geometric center of the cross section of the cavity. Preferably, the cavity in the section A is provided with a plurality of long composite volume compensators located around the cross section of the cavity. Preferably, the cavity in the section A is provided with a plurality of short composite volume compensators whose total length is equal to or less than the length of the cavity in the section A. These compensators are arranged on an axis parallel to the section A. Preferably, the cavity in the section A has a plurality of straight lines parallel to the axis of the section A or the pipe wall of the section A, and several short composite volume compensators are arranged on each straight line.

[0731] Representative parts S2 of 5.5.3 - Two types of B material Preferably, the solid compression member is a representative member S2. The representative compression member S2 is inserted into the cavity of the part A, respectively.

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0732] Preferably, the

number

number

number

number

[0733] Preferably, at least a portion of the

number

number

[0734] Preferably, the cavity of part A has one or more complex volume compensators with a length close to the length of the cavity of part A, or no complex volume compensators. Preferably, the cavity of part A has a plurality of short complex volume compensators. The complex volume compensators are:

number

[0735] 5.5.4. Representative component S3 - one type of B material + auxiliary support Preferably, the solid compression member is representative member S3. Representative member S3 differs from representative member S1 in that a secondary support device is present in the cavity of portion A of representative member S3. The role of the secondary support device is to help the material of portion B of the compression member bear the axial load. The secondary support device can be selected from steel sections, prefabricated members, natural stone, or an assembly device including multiple prefabricated members, or a stacking or assembly device including multiple natural stone. The length of the secondary support device is equal to or close to the length of the cavity of portion A.

[0736] Representative component S4 of 《5.5.5.》--Two types of B material + auxiliary support Preferably, the solid compression member is representative member S4. Representative member S4 differs from representative member S2 in that a cavity in portion A of representative member S4 has an auxiliary support device.

[0737] 5.5.6. Typical component S5 - one type of B material + restraining hoop Preferably, the solid compression member is Representative Member S5. Representative Member S5 differs from Representative Member S1 in that Representative Member S5 has a lateral restraining hoop in the cavity of Part A. The lateral restraining hoop surrounds an area, and when the solidified Part B of that area expands laterally, the restraining hoop can limit the expansion of the material of Part B. Furthermore, the axial crushing strength of the surrounded Material B is improved. Preferably, the cross section of the circumferential area of ​​the restraining hoop is circular.

[0738] Preferably, the restraining hoop is a spiral hoop. When material B is in a flowable state, it can flow through the gaps in the hoop into or out of the area the hoop surrounds. When pressure is applied to material B restraining the peripheral area of ​​the hoop, material B can transmit the pressure through the gaps in the hoop to the inner area of ​​the lateral hoop. After material B in the inner area of ​​the lateral restraining hoop solidifies, axial pressure causes lateral expansion of the hoop, limiting the lateral expansion of the hoop. This increases the axial load capacity of material B restraining the inner area of ​​the hoop.

[0739] 5.5.7. Typical component S6 - Two types of B material + restraining hoop Preferably, the solid compression member is a representative member S6. The difference between the representative member S6 and the representative member S5 is that the portion A of the representative member S6 has a cavity,

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0740] Preferably, the

number

number

[0741] Preferably,

number

number

[0742] 5.5.8. Typical component S7 - one type of B material + restraining hoop + auxiliary support Preferably, the solid compression member is representative member S7. Representative member S7 differs from representative member S5 in that representative member S7 further includes an auxiliary support device. Preferably, the auxiliary support device is located in the inner region that restrains the hoop, and preferably, the auxiliary support device is located in the peripheral region that restrains the hoop.

[0743] 5.5.9. Typical component S8 - Two types of B material + restraining hoop + auxiliary support Preferably, the solid compression member is representative member S8. Representative member S8 differs from representative member S6 in that representative member S8 further includes an auxiliary support device. Preferably, the auxiliary support device is located in an inner region that restrains the hoop, and preferably, the auxiliary support device is located in a peripheral region that restrains the hoop.

[0744] 5.6. Hollow compression member Preferably, the composite structural member is a hollow compression member. Preferably, the selection of hollow compression members includes columns. Preferably, the axis of the hollow compression member is straight or arcuate.

[0745] 《5.6.1.》Part A When the composite structural member is a hollow compression member, the geometry of part A has the following characteristics:

[0746] The part A includes at least the first and second pipes, with the first pipe at least partially located in the second pipe bore and two sealing devices located in the gap between the two pipes, with a certain distance between them. The outer surface of the first pipe, the inner surface of the second pipe, and the two sealing devices form an annular sealing cavity. The cavity is the cavity of part A.

[0747] Representative parts H1--1 type of B material in 5.6.2 Preferably, the hollow compression member is representative member H1. Representative compression member H1 is characterized by the presence of one type of part B material in the annular cavity.

[0748] Preferably, there is a long composite volume compensator in the annular cavity. Preferably, there are two or more long composite volume compensators in the annular cavity, the length of the volume compensators is close to the length of the cavity, and the composite volume compensators are distributed equidistantly in the cross section. Preferably, there are a plurality of short composite volume compensators in the annular cavity.

[0749] Preferably, both tubes A and B of the hollow member portion A are circular cross-section tubes. Whether the outer surface or the inner surface is compressed, a circular cross-section tube has the greatest ability to withstand normal pressure.

[0750] Preferably, the first and second tubes of part A of the hollow member are both circular, elliptical, polygonal, or rounded-corner polygonal tubes, and a tension bolt is provided between the first and second tubes. When the material of part B in the cavity is in a flowable state, if it is subjected to compressive stress or pre-compressive stress, the first tube inside the annular cavity is likely to buckle due to normal compressive stress. When the material of part B in the cavity is in a solid state, if the member is subjected to axial pressure, the material of part B expands laterally, pushing out the first and second tubes. The tension bolt increases the normal pressure resistance of the first and second tubes and further increases the axial crushing strength of the material of part B. Among tubes with the same circumference and wall thickness, a circular-section tube has a higher maximum normal pressure resistance than tubes of other shapes. When the cross sections of the first and second tubes are not circular, the tension bolt significantly increases the pressure resistance of the tubes.

[0751] 5.6.3. Representative parts H2 - Two types of B material Preferably, the hollow compression member is representative member H2. Representative compression member H2 is characterized by the presence of two types of material, B1 and B2, in the annular cavity. Preferably, the B2 material has a relatively high fluidity compared to the B1 material, at least for a certain period of time. Preferably, the end time of the flowable state of the B2 material is after the end time of the flowable state of the B1 material. Preferably, the end time of the flowable state of the B2 material is after the appearance of the volumetric shrinkage turning point of the B1 material.

[0752] Preferably, there are multiple B1 material regions in the annular cavity cross section, each region being a single continuous region, each region being occupied by B1 material, and these B1 material regions being surrounded by B2 material. Preferably, at least one of the B1 material regions is surrounded or surrounded by an isolation device. Preferably, each of the B1 material regions is surrounded or surrounded by an isolation device. Preferably, each isolation device is surrounded or surrounded by B2 material. Preferably, at least a portion of an isolation device is present between a boundary surface of a portion of at least one B1 material region and a boundary surface of a portion of a B2 material region.

[0753] Preferably, there is a long composite volume compensator in the annular cavity, surrounded or surrounded by B2 material. Preferably, there are two or more lengths of composite volume compensators in the annular cavity, each length being close to the length of the cavity. The composite volume compensators are distributed equidistantly or nearly equidistantly in the cross section. Preferably, at least one of the composite volume compensators is surrounded or surrounded by B2 material. Preferably, each composite volume compensator is surrounded or surrounded by B2 material.

[0754] Preferably, each device is surrounded or surrounded by B2 material in the annular cavity. There are multiple short-sized composite volume compensators. Preferably, several short-sized composite volume compensators are on a line parallel to the axis of section A or the pipe wall of section A. There are multiple sets of short-sized composite volume compensators in the annular cavity, and each device is on a line.

[0755] 5.6.4. Representative component H3 - one type of B material + auxiliary support Preferably, the hollow compression member is representative member H3. Representative member H3 differs from representative member H1 in that a secondary support device is present in the cavity of portion A of representative member H3. The role of the secondary support device is to help the material of portion B of the compression member bear the axial load. The secondary support device can be selected from steel profiles, prefabricated members, natural stone, or an assembly device including multiple prefabricated members, or a stacking or assembly device including multiple natural stone. The length of the secondary support device is equal to or close to the length of the cavity of portion A.

[0756] Representative component H4 of 《5.6.5.》--2 types of B material + auxiliary support Preferably, the hollow compression member is representative member H4. The difference between representative member H4 and representative member H2 is that an auxiliary support device is present in the cavity of portion A of representative member H4. Preferably, the auxiliary support device is surrounded or surrounded by B1 material. Preferably, the auxiliary support device is surrounded or surrounded by B2 material.

[0757] 5.6.6. Typical component H5 - one type of B material + restraining hoop Preferably, the hollow compression member is representative member H5. Representative member H5 differs from representative member H1 in that portion A of representative member H5 has an annular cavity with one or more lateral restraining hoops.

[0758] Preferably, at least one said composite volume compensator is in an interior region of said restraining hoop. Preferably, at least one said composite volume compensator is in a peripheral region of said restraining hoop.

[0759] When the material in solid state, Part B, is subjected to axial pressure, it expands laterally, pushing out Tube A and Tube B. Tube A is the inner tube, and when the material in Part B presses against its surface, Tube A is compressed tangentially. If the material in Part B in one area expands inward to a greater extent than in other areas, local buckling will occur in Tube A. The radial pressure that Tube A provides to the material in Part B of the annular cavity is much lower than that provided by Tube B. The restraining hoop in the annular cavity applies a radial restraining force to the material in Part B in the area inside the restraining hoop, which can increase the axial crush strength of the material in Part B in the area inside the restraining hoop, ultimately improving the axial load capacity and stability of the member.

[0760] 5.6.7. Typical component H6 - Two types of B material + restraining hoop Preferably, the hollow compression member is representative member H6. Representative member H6 differs from representative member H2 in that portion A of representative member H6 has an annular cavity with one or more lateral restraining hoops.

[0761] Preferably, at least one of said B1 material regions is in an interior region of said restraining hoop; preferably, said B1 material region is in an interior region of said restraining hoop.

[0762] Preferably, at least one B1 material region is located in the interior region of the isolation device, and the isolation device can enter the interior region of the lateral restraining hoop to contact the isolation device and be surrounded by the B2 material in the interior region of the lateral restraining hoop. Preferably, at least one pressure piston and / or composite volume compensator is circumscribed or surrounded by the B2 material. They can force the flowable B2 material into the interior region of the restraining hoop and push out the isolation device surrounding the B1 material. See Figures 70 and 71.

[0763] Preferably, the interior region of at least one constraining hoop is occupied by B2 material, and the lateral constraining hoops are also surrounded by B2 material. Preferably, a pressure piston or a composite volume compensation device is further present in the interior region of the constraining hoop. Preferably, there is at least one other such constraining hoop in the same annular cavity, and B1 material is present in its interior region. Preferably, the b1 material is surrounded or surrounded by an isolation device in the interior region of the constraining hoop. The pressure piston or composite volume compensation device allows B2 to flow through the gaps in the hoops and push out the B2 material in the peripheral region. The B2 material transmits pressure in the peripheral region, constraining the B1 material in the interior region of the hoop and compensating for the volumetric shrinkage of the B1 material.

[0764] 5.6.8. Typical component H7 - one type of B material + restraining hoop + auxiliary support Preferably, the solid compression member is representative member H7. Representative member H7 differs from representative member H5 in that representative member H7 has an auxiliary support device. Preferably, the auxiliary support device is located in the inner region of the lateral restraint hoop. Preferably, the auxiliary support device is located in the peripheral region of the lateral restraint hoop.

[0765] 5.6.9. Typical component H8 - Two types of B material + restraining hoop + auxiliary support Preferably, the solid compression member is representative member H8. Representative member H8 differs from representative member H6 in that representative member H8 also has auxiliary support devices. Preferably, the auxiliary support devices are located in the interior regions of the lateral restraint hoops. Preferably, the auxiliary support devices are located in the peripheral regions of the lateral restraint hoops.

[0766] 5.7. Examples of solid and hollow compression members 5.7.1 Example 2.1 - Figures 73 and 74 The composite structure, in which RPC is filled inside a steel pipe and used as a compression member, is shown in Figures 60 and 61. In Figure 60, part A comprises an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The flange plate 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower sealing plate 13 is welded to the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper sealing plate 110 and the flange plate 111 are connected with bolts, and the bolt holes 1101 in the upper sealing plate are aligned with the bolt holes 1111 in the flange plate. A feed hole 1102 and a center hole 1103 are drilled in the upper sealing plate. A composite volume compensation device 3 with a length close to the height of the cavity is attached to the axis of the cavity in the steel pipe 12.

[0767] The support device of the composite volume compensator 3 adopts a type III support device, as shown in Figures 21 to 23, referring to Example 1. The bag-type pressure supply device 31 placed in the inner area of ​​the perforated steel pipe 3211 is a pressurized energy storage device. Preferably, the bag-type pressure supply device is a pressurized gas bag. The gas bag is connected to a pneumatic source via a pipe 3101. Preferably, the pressurized energy storage device is a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and the liquid bag is connected to a hydraulic source and an accumulator by a pressurized pipe 3101.

[0768] The cavity of the steel pipe 12 is filled with only one material, part B, which is reactive powder concrete (RPC), with the maximum particle size of the granular material being 0.635 mm. The connecting passages connecting the inner and outer regions of the support device in FIG. 60 are suitable for the flow of RPC. The holes 3212 in the wall of the inner steel pipe 3211 are 2 to 3 mm or 3 to 5 mm in diameter. Preferably, the holes 3222 in the wall of the outer steel pipe 3221 are 2 to 3 mm or 3 to 5 mm in diameter. Preferably, the gap 332 between the outer surface of the inner steel pipe 3211 and the inner surface of the outer steel pipe 3221 is 3 to 5 mm or 5 to 8 mm in diameter.

[0769] The same RPC material is also filled into the inner region 31 of the support device 32, the pipe holes 3212 and 3222 of the inner and outer steel pipes, and the gaps 332 between the inner and outer steel pipes. There are various filling methods, but a relatively simple method is to pour the RPC into the inner region 331 along the connecting passage between the peripheral region and the inner region of the support device.

[0770] Preferably, the pressure supply device used in the composite volume compensator is a lower limit gas bag or a lower limit liquid bag, and the cross-sectional shape of the support therein is a trilobe or a tetralobe. See FIG.

[0771] The construction procedure is as follows:

[0772] (1) Create part A (2) Install a composite product compensator The perforated steel pipe 32 of the composite volume compensator is fixed at the axial position of the steel pipe 12, and the lower limit gas bag or the lower limit liquid bag is A thread jammer 3202 with a hole is attached to the cavity of the steel pipe 32 with a hole, and the pressurizing pipe 3101 is passed through from the thread jammer 3203.

[0773] (3) Fill RPC The cavity of the steel pipe 12 is filled with a flowable RPC material, and while filling, the steel pipe 12 is vibrated with a vibrator or the RPC is vibrated with a damper to remove any air bubbles in the RPC, allowing the RPC to enter the internal region 311 of the support device along the connecting passage. There are two gas removal passages inside the perforated steel pipe 3211: (1) the gap between the central round hole of the upper sealing device 3213 and the pipe line 3101; and (2) the pipe wall hole 3212 of the inner layer steel pipe 3211.

[0774] Once the flange height is reached, filling is paused.

[0775] (4) Attach the upper sealing plate 1101 The pressurized pipe 3101 is passed through the central hole of the upper sealing plate, and the upper sealing plate and flange are connected with bolts to close the gap between the pressurized pipe 3101 and the wall of the central hole. The sealing method is a hole-mounted screw. The diameter of the screw hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the inflation pipe, and a groove for placing a seal ring is machined into the screw hole. The seal ring is placed in the groove before attaching the screw, and then the screw is attached.

[0776] (5) Continue filling the RPC The RPC is filled into the excess space in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 using a thin tube, the outer diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the supply hole 1102, and the gap between the two allows the gas in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 to be discharged. Once the filling is complete, the supply hole 1102 is closed with a screw.

[0777] To ensure that the RPC fills the voids in the support device 3, a cyclic pressure may be applied to the RPC in the steel pipe 12. The pressurizing method involves sealing the gap between the supply pipe and the supply hole and applying pressure to the RPC in the steel pipe 12 through the supply pipe.

[0778] (6) Pressurization There are two methods of pressurization.

[0779] First, an air pump forces compressed air into a pressurized line, and after the pressure reaches a predetermined value, the pressure is maintained constant or allowed to fluctuate within a required range.

[0780] When the preset pressure is low, for example, when the preset pressure is 2 to 5 MPa, it is appropriate to adopt gas pressurization.

[0781] The second is to use a hydraulic pump to force fluid into the pressurized line and, after the pressure reaches a predetermined value, maintain the pressure constant or allow the pressure to fluctuate within a required range. Preferably, an accumulator is installed in the hydraulic line.

[0782] When the preset pressure is high, for example, the preset pressure is 5 to 10 MPa, 10 to 20 MPa, 20 to 30 MPa, 30 to 40 MPa, or 40 to 70 MPa, it is more reasonable to adopt liquid pressurization.

[0783] (7) Post-processing When the RPC strength reaches or exceeds the preset value, the pressure pump and pressure line are removed. The preset strength value is a cube crushing strength of 30-60 MPa.

[0784] Technology Effect Analysis This embodiment adopts the simplest structure, using only one composite volume compensator and one material as part B. This method is suitable when the volume shrinkage of the material as part B is small and / or the cavity of the steel pipe 12 is small.

[0785] Because the pressure is controlled using an external pressure source, the pressure of the fluid in the bag remains constant or within a required range even under conditions where the volume of the gas or liquid bag changes significantly.

[0786] 5.7.2 Example 2.2 - Figures 75, 76, and 77; Figures 1 and 3 The component is a steel pipe concrete column, as shown in Figures 62, 63, and 64. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The upper sealing plate and the flange plate are connected with bolts, and the bolt holes 1101 in the upper sealing plate face the bolt holes 1111 in the lower sealing plate. Construction holes 1102 and 1103 are drilled in the upper sealing plate.

[0787] Two "C" shaped isolators 41 and 42 are placed in the cavity of the steel pipe 12, with their height slightly lower than the height of the cavity of the steel pipe 12, dividing the cavity into three regions, 211, 212, and 22. Regions 211 and 212 are filled with the same ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC). Region 22 is filled with loosely set RPC, and the end time of the flowable state of the RPC is after the appearance time of the volumetric shrinkage turning point of the UHSC.

[0788] The composite volume compensator 3 is placed within the axial position of the steel pipe 12 in section A, within region 22, and is surrounded by the RPC. The length of the composite volume compensator 3 is slightly shorter than the cavity height of the steel pipe 12. As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the composite volume compensator 3 includes a support device comprising a steel pipe 3201 with a hole 3202 in the pipe wall and an end sealing device (screw fastener) 3203. Multiple upper limit gas bags 31, or upper limit gas bags 31, or dual limit gas liquid bags 31 are placed within the interior region of the steel pipe 3201. Preferably, the support placed within the dual limit gas bag is a spherical housing or bag-shaped housing with a hole. The support device shown in Figures 1 and 3 is an I-shaped support device. The interior region 331 of the steel pipe 3201 and the hole region 3202 are filled with the same slow-setting RPC.

[0789] The construction method is as follows:

[0790] (1) Create part A of the composite structure (2) Complex product compensator The upper limit gas bag and / or the upper limit gas bag of the composite volume compensator are filled with gas or liquefied gas, and the upper limit gas bag and / or the upper limit gas bag are placed in the perforated steel pipe 3201, and a wire plug 3203 is attached to the nozzle of the steel pipe 3201, and the two are connected with screws.

[0791] (3) Install a composite volume compensator and a C-type isolator.

[0792] The composite volume compensator 3 is fixed to the axial position of the steel pipe 12, and two C-shaped isolators 41 and 42 are attached. The "C" ends of the fabricated isolators are convex outward, and the spacing between them must be greater than the spacing after installation so that the "C" ends can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12. Pressure is applied to the isolators during installation. Several support blocks are placed between the two C-shaped isolators to apply preload. Preferably, both ends of the "C" shape of the C-shaped isolators are taped to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12. To fill the UHSC, flexible mesh bags are placed in areas 211 and 212, respectively. The mesh must ensure that the RPC slightly seeps out and does not flow. The circumference of the bag is equal to or greater than the circumference of the area 211 or 212. After the UHSC is filled into the knitted bag, it can be prevented from being squeezed between the C-shaped isolators and the inner wall of the steel pipe 12.

[0793] Preferably, several points are selected at the two ends of the "C" of the C-shaped isolator and these points are welded to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12.

[0794] (4) Fill in the material in part B. At the same time, areas 211 and 212 are filled with UHSC, and area 22 is filled with slowly solidified RPC. During filling, a vibrator is used to vibrate the perforated steel pipe 3201 of the composite volume compensator to ensure that the RPC is fully inserted and to vent the gas inside the steel pipe 3201. When the material in part B approaches the height of the flange, filling is temporarily stopped.

[0795] (5) Install the sealing plate and pressure tube A sealing plate is attached and a pressure pipe is attached to the construction hole 1103 .

[0796] (6) Continue filling with material in part B The cavity is filled with RPC through a pressurized tube attached to the drilling hole 1103, and during filling, gas is discharged from the drilling hole 1102. After filling, the drilling hole 1102 is plugged with thread.

[0797] (7) Pressurization process Connect the pressure tube to the pressure device and use the pressure device to extrude the loosely solidified RPC in the pressure tube. When the pressure reaches the default value, pause or stop the pressure.

[0798] If the pressure supply device 31 is a gas bag, applying maximum pressure ensures that the compressive stress in the RPC material is greater than the initial pressure of the upper gas bag so that the gas bag is compressed.

[0799] If the pressure supply device 31 is a gas-liquid bag, attention must be paid to the flow rate and pressure of the medium in the pipeline during pressurization. Before the gas in the gas-liquid bag is completely liquefied, the pressure of the gas in the gas-liquid bag is independent of its volume. During the initial process of pressurizing the RPC in the cavity of the steel pipe 12, the pressure of the RPC in the pipeline gradually increases as the volume of RPC material injected into the cavity of the steel pipe 12 increases. In this case, voids exist in the cavity. After the void ratio decreases or disappears, the pressure in the cavity and the pipeline gradually increases as the injection volume increases. After all the gas in the gas-liquid bag is compressed to liquid, the pressure in the steel pipe cavity and the pipeline increases as the injection volume increases. During the pressurization process, the pressurization equipment is controlled based on this characteristic. If there is only liquid in the gas-liquid bag, injection is stopped.

[0800] Two types of pressurization can be used: continuous pressurization and intermittent pressurization.

[0801] (i) Continuous pressure a. The pressure supply device is a dispersion gas bag. When the pressure of the RPC in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 exceeds the upper limit of the atmospheric pressure in the gas bag (for example, 5 MPa), the apparent volume of the gas bag begins to decrease. When the pressure of the RPC reaches a default value (for example, 6 MPa), the pressurization process is terminated, the valve of the pipe is closed, and the pressurization device is removed.

[0802] b. The pressure supply is a dispersion gas-liquid bag. During the pressurization process, pay attention to the relationship between the injection volume and pressure. If the injection volume increases suddenly, the gas in the gas-liquid bag will liquefy or the bag wall of the double-limit gas-liquid bag will come into full contact with the support inside the bag. At this point, the RPC injection should be stopped immediately. Even when the volume of the gas-liquid bag expands significantly, there will be no pressure drop, making the gas-liquid bag particularly suitable for continuous pressurization.

[0803] (ii) Intermittent pressurization If the total volume of the RPC contraction during the hydration process is large, continuous pressurization may result in the pressure supply device's volume expansion being insufficient to compensate for the RPC contraction. This can be resolved by using gap pressurization. In the components shown in Figures 62 to 64, the injected RPC is located outside the capsule supply device. As the RPC is injected, the surrounding RPC pushes out the capsule 31, reducing its volume; when the injection is stopped, the RPC contracts, causing the bag 31 to expand in volume.

[0804] When intermittent pressurization is used, the pressurization is stopped before the loosely solidified RPC reaches the flowable state, the valve of the pressurization line is closed, and the pressurization device is removed.

[0805] a. The pressure supply device is a dispersion gas bag. When the RPC pressure reaches the default upper pressure limit (6 MPa), pressurization is paused. When the pressure drops to the default lower pressure limit (5 MPa), the pressurization device is activated to continue pressurization and inject RPC into the cavity: this cycle continues.

[0806] b. The pressure supply is a dispersion gas-liquid bag. If the pressure supply device is a gas-liquid bag, the pressure of the RPC in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 is detected. If the pressure is found to be lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the medium in the gas-liquid bag, the RPC is injected into the cavity. If the pressure in the cavity rises above the saturated vapor pressure of the medium in the gas-liquid bag, the injection is immediately stopped. This cycle continues. If intermittent pressurization is used, it is preferable to use a gas bag. However, using a gas bag increases the technical difficulty.

[0807] (8) Post-processing After the strength of both the UHSC and the slowly solidifying RPC reached the expected values, the pressure tube was removed.

[0808] Other Priorities The scheme in this embodiment is applied to a composite structure of large or extra-large cross section. Preferably, at the boundary between the region 211 and the steel pipe 12, A slowly solidifying anti-friction layer is laid at the boundary between region 212 and steel pipe 12. This treatment can prevent tangential shear stresses from occurring near the inner wall of the steel pipe due to volumetric shrinkage of UHSC in large or extra-large cross-section composite structures. Eliminating or reducing the shear stresses allows the UHSC in both regions to be in a stress state where compressive stresses in each transverse direction are approximately equal. This stress state is most advantageous for increasing the axial load capacity of the UHSC.

[0809] The upper gas bag is preferably a pressurized gas bag or pressurized storage tank equipped with a pressurized pipeline. After filling the cavity of steel pipe 12 with UHSC and slow-setting RPC, holes 1102 and 1103 are sealed. Fluid is then filled into the gas bag or liquid bag through the pressurized pipeline, applying pressure to the gas bag or liquid bag from within. Pressure is first applied to the slow-setting RPC, which then transmits the pressure to the UHSC. The external pressure source can continuously fill the gas bag or liquid bag with fluid, ensuring that the pressure within the bag remains within the required range regardless of the volumetric expansion of the gas bag or liquid bag. The advantages of this solution are even more pronounced when the cross-section of the composite structure is large.

[0810] Technology Effect Analysis The advantage of this technical proposal is that it can be applied to composite structures with large or very large cross sections. When the UHSC shrinks in regions 211 and 212, the RPC at the boundary of the isolation device loosens, allowing the isolation device to move into regions 211 and 212. Furthermore, if a gap forms between the UHSC and steel pipe 12 due to shrinkage deformation in regions 211 and 212, the slowly solidifying RPC can also push into the gap, bringing the stress state of the UHSC closer to that of hydrostatic pressure. Experiencing this stress state during the solidification process is beneficial to increasing the ultimate strength of the UHSC. After reaching its ultimate strength, the UHSC will be in this triaxial stress state with circumferential pressure, which helps to increase the axial crush strength of the material itself and the axial pressure-bearing capacity of the composite structure.

[0811] 5.7.3 Example 2.3 - Figures 78, 79, and 80 The composite structure is a steel pipe concrete axial compression member, as shown in Figures 65 to 67. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange plate 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected with bolts. A pressure hole 1103 and an exhaust hole 1102 are drilled in the upper sealing plate.

[0812] A cylindrical isolator 4 is installed in the cavity of the steel pipe 12, dividing the cavity cross section of the steel pipe 12 into an inner cylindrical region and an outer cylindrical region. The inner cylindrical region is filled with an ultra-high-strength concrete (UHSC) material 21 containing coarse aggregate, while the outer cylindrical region is filled with a slow-setting epoxy mixture 22, which is a mixture of slow-setting epoxy resin and quartz powder. The end time of the flowable state of the slow-setting epoxy mixture is later than the time when the volumetric shrinkage turning point of the UHSC material 21 appears. Four composite volume compensators 3 are installed in the region occupied by the slow-setting epoxy mixture 22. Near the four composite volume compensators, the isolator 4 has recessed arcs. Its function is to provide space for the composite volume compensators while regulating the area change between region 21 and region 22. The pressure supply device for the composite volume compensators is one of the following: an upper limit gas bag, a dual limit gas bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, a dual limit gas-liquid bag, or an elastic housing energy storage device.

[0813] The selection of support devices for the composite volume compensator includes Type I, Type II, and Type III support devices. The same epoxy mixture is used to fill the internal areas, holes, voids, and gaps of the composite volume compensator.

[0814] The method for fabricating the composite structure is as follows.

[0815] (1) Make part A, assemble the composite volume compensator, fix the composite volume compensator to the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, and install the fixed isolation device.

[0816] (2) Fill with material B The interior of the cylinder 4 is filled with UHSC material 21, and the gap between the cylinder 4 and the steel pipe 12 is filled with a mixture 22 of slow-setting epoxy resin and quartz powder. Because the specific gravity of the slow-setting epoxy mixture is lower than that of concrete, the height of the slow-setting epoxy mixture 22 is made slightly higher than the height of the high-strength concrete 21 during filling. Preferably, several support blocks are placed between the cylinder 4 and the steel pipe 12 to prevent the concrete from pushing out the cylinder 4. When both materials have been filled to a height close to the flange, filling is paused.

[0817] Once the UHSC has filled the top edge of the isolator 4, the filling is stopped and a cover is placed on the top side of the UHSC to separate it from other materials that will be filled later. Preferably, the shape of the shield is the same as or close to the cross section of the interior area of ​​the isolator and the material is thin tinplate.

[0818] (3) The sealing plate 110 is attached, and the pressurizing pipe is attached to the pressurizing hole 1103.

[0819] (4) Continue filling with material in part B The upper gap 221 of the cavity of the steel pipe 12 is filled with a slow-setting epoxy mixture through the pressure hole 1103, and the exhaust hole 1102 is opened during filling to release gas. When filling the upper gap 221, a slow-setting RPC can be used instead of a slow-setting epoxy mixture. The crushing strength and elastic modulus of RPC are higher than those of slow-setting epoxy compounds, making it suitable for use with steel pipes.

[0820] (5) Pressurization The slowly solidifying epoxy mixture or slowly solidifying RPC is forced into the cavity of the steel pipe 12 through the pressurized pipe, thereby applying compressive stress to the UHSC, slowly solidifying epoxy mixture, or slowly solidifying RPC in the cavity. When the compressive stress reaches a predetermined value, the application of pressure is stopped. The pressure application method may be continuous or intermittent.

[0821] Other preferred alternatives Preferably, when the cross section of the part is large, a slow-solidifying anti-friction layer is provided on the inner wall of the lower sealing plate of part A. This prevents shear stresses from occurring between the sealing plate and the UHSC when the UHSC shrinks after solidification, which can cause transverse tensile stresses inside the nearby UHSC.

[0822] Technology Effect Analysis This solution ensures that (1) when material 22 is in a flowable state, material 21 remains in a hydrostatic state, regardless of whether material 21 is in a flowable or solid state. (2) When material 22 becomes solid, material 21 experiences equal compressive stress in any lateral direction. Material 21 undergoing this type of stress process is beneficial for increasing its strength, and when material 21 reaches its ultimate strength, it will be in the above-mentioned stress state, which is beneficial for increasing the axial compressive load capacity of the composite structure.

[0823] 5.7.4 Example 2.4 -- Figures 81 and 82 The arch axis members are shown in Figures 81 and 82, and the materials 21 and 22 of part B are the same as those in Example 2.3. The composite volume compensator is also the same as that in Example 2.3, and the isolation device is in the shape of a "3". The fabrication method is similar to that in Example 2.3.

[0824] 5.7.5 Example 2.5 - Figure 83 The cross section of the hollow column is shown in Figure 83. Part A includes an outer steel pipe 121, an inner steel pipe 122, and sealing plates on both ends, and its cavity is annular. The lower ends of the outer steel pipe 121 and the inner steel pipe 122 are closed with lower sealing plates, which are welded to the lower ends of the steel pipes. The lower sealing plates are annular, with an inner diameter smaller than that of the inner steel pipe and an outer diameter larger than that of the outer steel pipe. Inner and outer flange plates are welded to the upper ends of the inner and outer steel pipes, and annular upper sealing plates are connected to the inner and outer flange plates. Pipe holes are provided in the upper sealing plates.

[0825] The annular cavity is provided with a composite volume compensator 3, the internal pressure supply device of which is a double-limit pressurized gas bag connected to a gas pump via a pressurized pipe. The pressurized pipe passes through a pipe hole in the upper sealing plate, and the gap between the pressurized pipe and the pipe hole is sealed.

[0826] The annular cavity further includes a lateral restraint hoop 43. The lateral restraint hoop 43 is a pipe with a hole 432 in its pipe wall 431. An isolator 44 is provided in the pipe's interior region, and the interior region of the isolator 44 is filled with a b1 material 421. The peripheral region of the isolator is filled with a B2 material 22, and the peripheral region of the isolator includes the gap region between the isolator and the lateral restraint hoop and the peripheral region of the lateral restraint hoop. When the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state, if the B2 material 22 is subjected to pressure, the pressure is transmitted through the hole 432 in the lateral restraint hoop pipe wall to the surface of the isolator 44 and then to the B1 material 421 in the interior region of the isolator. Preferably, the B1 material is ultra-high-strength concrete, and the B2 material is reinforced concrete (RPC).

[0827] The manufacturing procedure for the above-mentioned components is as follows.

[0828] (1) Create part A An annular lower sealing plate is welded to the lower end of the inner steel pipe 122 and the outer steel pipe 121, respectively, and an inner flange plate and an outer flange plate are welded to the upper end of the inner and outer steel pipes.

[0829] (2) Install the lateral restraint hoop 43 and the composite volume compensator 3.

[0830] (3) Fill the annular cavity with material B. The interior region of the isolator 44 is filled with UHSC (material 421) and the other region of the annular cavity is filled with RPC (material 22).

[0831] (4) Install the sealing plate and pressurization system. The pressure line of the composite volume compensator passes through the hole in the upper sealing plate, sealing the gap between the pressure line and the inner wall of the hole. The pressure line is connected to the pressure air pump.

[0832] (5) Further, the PRC material is pressed into the annular cavity. The double-limit pressurized gas bag is extruded into a minimum shape and a minimum volume.

[0833] (6) Pressurization Start the gas pump and fill the gas bag with gas, which will then push out the RPC material. Maintain the air pressure in the gas bag at a default value. Preferably, the air pressure preset value is 5 MPa or 8 MPa.

[0834] 5.8. Multiple cavity members Preferably, said part A comprises at least two cavities.

[0835] Preferably, the section A includes a first tube and a second tube. The first tube is an inner tube, the second tube is an ...

Claims

1. A support device and a pressure supply device are provided, (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and a peripheral region of the support device, the inner region being circumscribed or surrounded by the support device, and the peripheral region being circumscribed or surrounded by the support device. There are one or more connecting passages between the interior region and the peripheral region. (2) All or part of the pressure device is located within the interior region of the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure supply device can supply pressure to the medium in contact therewith. Complex product compensator.

2. The support device is an I-type support device, and the I-type support device is a housing with a hole.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

3. The support device is a type II support device, and the type II support device is characterized in that a connecting passage between the internal region and the peripheral region of the support device includes a gap.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

4. The type II support device includes a spiral belt, which is a single-turn circular spiral belt or a multi-turn circular spiral belt. The single-turn annular spiral belt is characterized by the same cross section in each circumferential region, and there is an axial gap between two adjacent turns of the spiral belt, and the shape of the spiral belt is similar to that of a spiral steel pipe strip. The circular spiral belt of multiple turns is characterized in that at least two adjacent turns of the circular spiral belt have the following characteristics, and these two turns of the spiral belt circumferentially pass through areas having different cross-sectional shapes and / or sizes. Preferably, among the circular spiral belts having multiple turns, at least two adjacent spiral belts have an overlapping portion along the length between the two adjacent spiral belts, and there is a gap between the outer surface of the spiral belt having a single turn and the inner surface of the other spiral belt in the overlapping portion. Preferably, in the multiple-turn circular spiral belt, there is a gap along the length between two adjacent spiral belts. Preferably, the axis of the circumferential region of the single-turn or multi-turn circular spiral belt is straight. Preferably, the axis of the circumferential region of the single-turn or multi-turn circular spiral belt is curved. Preferably, the single-turn circular or multi-turn circular spiral belt has a plurality of points connected to one or more bar-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between each turn of the spiral belt.

4. The complex product compensator of claim 3.

5. The Type II support device includes a spiral that is a single-turn circular helix or a multiple-turn circular helix shaped similar to a coil spring. The circular spiral of a single turn is characterized in that the cross section of the area around which each turn goes is the same. The circular spiral of multiple turns is characterized in that the cross-section of the region around which at least two of the turns circumvent is different. Preferably, within one said circular spiral of a single turn there is no gap between at least two adjacent spirals. Preferably, within one said circular spiral of a single turn there is a gap between at least two adjacent spirals. Preferably, in one said circular spiral of multiple turns, the cross-section of the area circumferential to each turn of said spiral is different. Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral turns is a straight line. Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral turns is a curved line. Preferably, multiple points on the spiral are connected to one or more bar-like fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between each turn of the spiral.

4. The complex product compensator of claim 3.

6. The type II support device includes a short-tube composite device, the short-tube composite device having at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The short pipe composite device is a single-section short pipe composite device. The single-section short pipe composite device is characterized in that all the short pipes have the same cross-sectional shape and size, and at least two adjacent short pipes have such cross-sectional shape and size, and there is a gap between the adjacent end faces of the short pipes. (2) In a single-section short pipe composite device, there are at least two such adjacent short pipes with a gap between their end faces, and the at least two adjacent short pipes have the following characteristics and no gap between their end faces: (3) The short pipe composite device is a multi-type cross-section short pipe composite device, The multi-type short pipe composite device is characterized in that at least two adjacent short pipes have different cross-sectional shapes and / or different cross-sectional dimensions as follows: (4) In the multiple cross-section short pipe composite device, at least two adjacent short pipes are as follows, and a portion of one pipe is inserted into the hollow portion of the other pipe: Preferably, the length of the overlapping portion of the two short tubes is less than half the length of either of the tubes. (5) The connecting line of the short tube axes is a straight line. (6) The connecting line of the axes of the short tubes is a broken line, and the axes of two or more short tubes are tangent to the same curve. (7) There is a connection between the short tubes to ensure that their relative positions are fixed.

4. The complex product compensator of claim 3.

7. The type II support system may include a complete assembly of housing segments or an incomplete assembly of housing segments, and gaps may exist between the housing segments. The housing segment parts are formed by dividing a single housing, the housing segment parts have substantially the same shape and dimensions as the housing before division, and the housing has cavities that are closed before division. A complete composite of the housing segment parts includes all of the segment parts of a single housing, and an incomplete composite of the housing segment parts includes only some of the segment parts of a single housing. Preferably, there is a connection between the housing segments to ensure that their relative positions are fixed.

4. The complex product compensator of claim 3.

8. the support device includes a Type III support device; The type III support device includes a device a and a device b, and the device a is entirely surrounded by the device b, or at least a part of the device a is orbited by the device b. The device a is selected from a closed housing with holes a11, a closed housing with incomplete holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a circular spiral belt with a single turn a31, a circular spiral belt with multiple turns a32, a circular spiral with a single turn a41, a circular spiral with multiple turns a42, a single-type cross-section short pipe composite device a51, a multiple-type cross-section short pipe composite device b52, a housing segment part complete composite device a61, and a housing segment part incomplete composite device a62. The device b is selected from a closed housing with holes b11, a closed housing with incomplete holes b12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall b2, a circular spiral belt with a single turn b31, a circular spiral belt with multiple turns b32, a circular spiral with a single turn b41, a circular spiral with multiple turns b42, a single-section short pipe compound device b51, a multiple-section short pipe compound device b52, a complete compound device for housing divided parts b61, and an incomplete compound device for housing divided parts b62.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

9. In the single-type cross-section short pipe composite device a51, the inner contour line of the cross section of the short pipe is a ripple-like closed curve, a trapezoidal wave-like closed curve, or a jagged closed curve. In the various cross-section short pipe composite device b52, the inner contour line of the cross section of at least one short pipe is a wave-shaped closed curve, a trapezoidal wave-shaped closed curve, or a saw-tooth closed curve.

9. The complex product compensator of claim 8.

10. The support device includes a type III support device, the type III support device including device c and device d; The device c is selected from a closed housing a11 with a hole, a closed housing a12 with an incomplete hole, and a pipe a2 with a hole in the pipe wall. Said device d is selected from a longitudinal slotted pipe d1, a long strip shield d22, a block shield d3, a non-closed annular shield d4. The device d is located outside the outer surface of the device c. At least some of the holes in the housing wall or pipe wall of the device c face areas without holes or gaps on the device d. Preferably, when the device c is a perforated closed housing a11 or an incompletely perforated closed housing a12, the device d is a vertical slotted pipe d21 or a block-shaped shield d3. Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with a hole in the pipe wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a vertical gap, or a straight, long shield d22, or a block-shaped shield d3, or a non-closed annular shield d4. Preferably, the holes in the pipe wall of the perforated pipe c2 face a gapless area on the inner wall of the pipe d1 having a vertical gap, or face a gapless area on the inner surface of a straight, long shield d22, or face a block-shaped shield d3, or face a gapless area on the inner surface of an open annular shield d4.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

11. The support device is a type IV support device, and the type IV support device includes device e and device f. The device e is a housing with a hole, and is selected from a housing with a hole a11, a housing with an incomplete hole a12, and a pipe with a hole in the pipe wall a2. The device f is an extension device for the connecting passage 2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

12. The support device is a V-shaped support device. The V-shaped support device is a three-dimensional spiral device or a three-dimensional ring device. Between two adjacent turns of the helical device there is a spiral gap region, the axial dimension H1 of the spiral gap region of each turn being less than the radial dimension R1, where R1 is the minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries of the spiral gap region in a cross section. Between the three-dimensional annular devices are three-dimensional ring gap regions, each annular gap region having an axial dimension H1 that is less than its radial dimension R1. R1 is the minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries of the annular region in a cross section. Preferably, the ratio R1 / H1 of R1 to H1 is in the range of 1<R1 / H1≦5, or 5<R1 / H1≦10, or 10<R1 / H1≦15, or R1 / H1>15.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

13. The V-shaped support device has one of the following characteristics: (1) The V-shaped support device is made of a long material that is folded multiple times, and the long material has regularly distributed holes. After the folding is completed, the geometric centers of the holes are located on the same straight line or the same regular curve. Preferably, the regular curve is an arched curve. Preferably, said holes are circular, or oval, or polygonal, or rounded polygonal. (2) The V-shaped support device is assembled with a plurality of perforated sheet devices, and the geometric centers of the perforations are located on the same straight line or on the same regular curve. Preferably, in cross section, the selected ranges of the outer closed curve and the inner closed curve of the area in which the seat device is located include the boundary lines of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, a rounded polygon, or are closed lines made up of curves and straight lines. (3) If the axis of the support device is curved, a slit-type thin-walled protection device or / and a single wire protection device or / and a wire mesh protection bag type pressure supply device shall be used.

13. The complex product compensator of claim 12.

14. The support device is a VI type support device. The VI type support apparatus includes a device g and a device h, and the device g is entirely surrounded by the device h, or at least a part of the device g is circumscribed by the device h. The device g is selected from a closed housing with holes a11, an incomplete closed housing with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single-type circular spiral belt a31, a circular spiral belt with multiple turns a32, a single-type circular spiral a41, a circular spiral belt with multiple turns a42, a single-type short-pipe cross-section composite device a51, a multiple-type short-pipe cross-section composite device a52, a complete composite device for housing divided parts a61, and an incomplete composite device for housing divided parts a62. The device b has the property that the area it encompasses in cross section can be changed.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

15. The device b is a constant circumference device or a variable circumference device. The constant circumference device is a thin-walled tube having the following characteristics: in a cross section, the outer boundary of the thin-walled tube has at least two different curvatures, and when the cross section becomes circular, the area of ​​the cross section increases, and the length of the outer boundary of the thin-walled tube remains almost unchanged during the process of circularization. In cross section, the variable perimeter device is characterized in that the device can achieve a change in its enclosed area by changing the perimeter. Preferably, the variable circumference device is a cylinder wound with a thin-walled material, and overlapping portions of the thin-walled material within the cylinder exist on the cross section, and the overlapping portions of the thin-walled material can slide relative to each other.

15. The complex product compensator of claim 14.

16. The support device is a type VII support device. The type VII support device is a spiral, and its cross section is spiral, and the spiral has a stable shape and there are gaps between each ring, and the gaps can be used as connecting passages connecting the inner area and the peripheral area.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

17. The spiral has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) At least one of the spirals is characterized in that the ratio of the circumferential length to the minimum circumferential thickness is less than 100, or less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10. (2) At least two adjacent spirals among the spirals have a characteristic that a connecting device exists between the two spirals. The relative movement between the two adjacent spirals can be prevented or the relative movement between the two adjacent spirals can be reduced. (3) The surface of the spiral has a convex area to enhance the adhesive force and shear strength between the solid-fluid-solid conversion material in contact with the spiral surface. (4) At least one passage hole is present in at least one of the turns of the spiral. The passage hole is a hole in the spiral having a size and shape suitable for the passage of a fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state therethrough, the passage hole being part of a passage connecting the interior region of the spiral with the peripheral region. (5) The material used to make the spiral is selected from steel plate or iron plate. (6) The spiral body is made of a sheet material that is curled, and before curling, regularly distributed holes are provided in the sheet material, and after the sheet material is curled, these holes become the connecting passages or parts of the connecting passages of the support device. Preferably, at least one turn of the coil is characterized by a hole-free area on one or both adjacent rings after winding.

17. The complex product compensator of claim 16.

18. The pressure supply device is selected from a pressurizing device, an energy storage device, and a pressurized energy storage device. (1) The pressure device is capable of changing and / or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact therewith. (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics: When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy. (3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B: The characteristic A is A pressurized energy storage device is one that is capable of varying and / or maintaining pressure between its outer surface and a medium in contact therewith. The characteristic B is: Under the condition that other influencing factors do not change, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the device decreases and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

2. The complex product compensator of claim 1.

19. (1) The pressurizing device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized liquid bag, and a self-inflating device. (2) The energy storage device is selected from a gas bag, a gas-to-liquid bag, an energy storage liquid bag, a solid elastomer energy storage device, and an elastic housing energy storage device. (3) The pressurized energy storage device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and a self-inflating device. Preferably, the self-inflating device is a Type A self-inflating device. Preferably, the Type A self-inflating device is a Type A1 self-inflating device. Preferably, the Type A1 self-inflating device is a Type A1a or / and Type A1b self-inflating device. Preferably, the self-inflating device is a type B self-inflating device.

20. The complex product compensator of claim 18.

20. The gas bag used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurized energy storage device is selected from a normal gas bag, an upper limit gas bag, a lower limit gas bag and a double limit gas bag. The gas-liquid bag used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurized energy storage device is selected from a normal gas-liquid bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, a lower limit gas-liquid bag and a double limit gas-liquid bag. The liquid bag used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurized energy storage device is selected from a normal liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag, a lower limit liquid bag and a double limit liquid bag. Preferably, the liquid bag has a conduit and is connected to a hydraulic source. Preferably, the liquid bag has a conduit and is connected to a hydraulic source and an accumulator.

20. The complex product compensator of claim 19.

21. The composite volume compensation device, when operating in conjunction with a fluid-solid conversion material, has the following characteristics I and II. (1) The characteristic I is: When the fluid solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting passages are adapted for the fluid solid conversion material to flow therethrough. (2) As the above-mentioned feature II, The fluid-solid conversion material, when in the solid state, has the following properties: There is at least one region P, and a support device is present in the region P. If the following condition A and / or condition B are satisfied, the part of the support device forms a composite housing with the fluid-solid conversion material, and the composite housing can bear the pressure transmitted from the surrounding medium. (1) The above condition A is A portion of the support device is surrounded or surrounded by a fluid-solid conversion material that solidifies and bonds with the support device. (2) The above condition B is The connecting passages of the portions of the support device are filled with a solidified fluid-to-solid conversion material bonded thereto. The state of existence of the fluid-solid conversion material includes a fluid state and a solid state, and can enter the solid state from the fluid state.

21. A complex volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that:

22. This is a pressurizing device that utilizes osmotic pressure, and is equipped with a container P, a cavity Q, and an osmotic membrane, and has the following features. (1) A zero or non-zero concentration solution is present in the container P, a non-zero concentration solution is present in the cavity Q, and the osmotic pressure of the solution in the cavity Q is greater than or equal to zero for at least a certain period of time. (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can only enter the cavity Q through the permeable membrane. (3) The cavity Q has at least one of the following two characteristics: (i) In the housing surrounding the cavity Q, the structure and / or material of at least a portion of the housing is adapted to the increase and / or decrease in the volume of the cavity Q. (ii) There is a cavity R communicating with the cavity Q. In the housing surrounding the cavity R, the volume that fits into the cavity R is increased or decreased by the structure and / or material of at least a portion of the housing. The container P is selected from an open container and a sealed container.

23. In the cavity Q and / or the cavity R, there is still solid solvent that has not yet dissolved.

23. The apparatus of claim 22.

24. There is also an electronic pressure control system, which has the following characteristics: (1) The solution in container P is a non-zero concentration solution. (2) The container P is provided with a solvent supply line. (3) The system comprises a pressure sensor provided in the cavity Q, an electric valve provided in the solvent supply line, and a main control device, and the pressure sensor and the electric valve are each connected to the main control device via lead wires. When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is smaller than the first predetermined value p1, the pressure sensor transmits a pressure signal to the main controller, and the main controller issues an open signal to the motorized valve via a lead wire. The motorized valve receives the signal, enters an open state, and the solvent flows into container P. When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is greater than the second predetermined value p2, the master control unit sends a closing signal to the motorized valve after receiving the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, and the solvent cannot flow into container P if the motorized valve enters a closed state after receiving the signal. Here, the second predetermined value p2 is greater than the first predetermined value p1.

23. The apparatus of claim 22.

25. There is also a hydraulic actuation control system including a pressure transmission line and a hydraulic control valve, one end of the pressure transmission line being in cavity Q or R and the other end being connected to the hydraulic actuation valve. When the pressure in cavity Q or R, as measured in the pressure transmission line, falls below a first predetermined value p1, the hydraulically operated valve is in an open state and fluid in the solvent supply line flows into container P. If the pressure in the pressure transmission line is higher than the second predetermined value p2, the valve is in a closed state and the fluid in the solvent supply line is directed to the container P which does not flow. Here, the second predetermined value p2 is greater than the first predetermined value p1.

23. The apparatus of claim 22.

26. A liquid absorption, expansion and pressurization device including an expansion material and a liquid guide passage. (1) The expanding material has the following characteristics: a. It can absorb liquid and expand. b. Able to react physically and / or chemically with liquids and expand. (2) The liquid-conducting passage has the following characteristics: The liquid can pass along the liquid-conducting passageway and into the expansion material. A liquid absorption, expansion and pressurization device characterized by the above.

27. The form of the expanding material includes a solid continuum, solid granules, and liquid.

27. The apparatus of claim 26.

28. The expanding material is selected from organic and inorganic expanding materials. The organic expanding material is selected from water-absorbing resin, water-absorbing rubber, polyurethane paste, and dry-pressed wood. The inorganic expanding material is selected from the group consisting of illilite, montmorillonite, bentonite, and calcium oxide.

28. Apparatus according to claim 26 or 27.

29. The liquid-conducting passages are provided by at least one of the following materials or devices: liquid-conducting fibers, liquid-conducting thin-layer materials, granular regions, multi-porous materials, and exudate pipes. The liquid-conducting fibers have the property that liquid can move inside and / or on the surface of the fiber along the longitudinal direction of the fiber, preferably liquid can enter the medium surrounding the fiber from the ends and / or sides of the fiber, preferably the liquid-conducting fibers are short fibers, preferably the liquid-conducting fibers are continuous fibers; The liquid-conducting thin layer material (1) allows a liquid to flow through voids within the thickness range of the thin layer material, and (2) allows the liquid to seep into or penetrate at least one of the two surfaces of the thin layer material. The granular region is a space of a certain shape, filled with solid granules, and liquid can flow through the gaps between the solid granules. Preferably, the particles include particles that are visible to the naked eye. The particles include particles in powder. Preferably, the upper limit of the particle size is 1 to 10 μm, or 10 to 70 μm, or 70 to 600 μm, or 600 to 1000 μm, or 1 to 2.5 mm, or 2.5 to 5 mm, or 5 to 10 mm, or greater than 10 mm. Preferably, the ratio of the lower limit to the upper limit of the particle size is less than 0.00001, or 0.00001 to 0.0001, or 0.0001 to 0.001, or 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.1 to 0.9, or 0.9 to 1.

0. The multi-porous material is characterized in that it has a large number of interconnected pores through which liquid can flow. The characteristics of the exudate piping are: (1) liquid can flow through the hollow portion of the pipe; and (2) liquid can seep through and / or penetrate the pipe wall.

27. The apparatus of claim 26.

30. Equipped with a support device and a pressure supply device, (1) A support device according to any one of claims 1 to 17. (2) A pressure supply device according to any one of claims 22 to 25, or a liquid absorption, expansion and pressurization device according to any one of claims 26 to 29. A complex product compensation device characterized by:

31. The composite volume compensator to be produced is as claimed in one of claims 1 to 21 or as claimed in claim 30 A method for manufacturing a composite volume compensation device.

32. This method uses a complex volume compensator to supply pressure to the surrounding medium, and its features are as follows: （１） A complex volume compensation device according to one of claims 1 to 21 or claim 30. (2) In the process of providing pressure using the composite volume compensation device, a fluid-solid conversion material is required in addition to the support device and the pressure supply device. The fluid-solid conversion material is a material that can enter a solid state from a fluid state. (3) The spatial relationship between the support device, the pressure device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the composite volume compensation device has the following characteristics: a fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support device and the outer surface of the pressure supply device; and / or A fluid-solid conversion material is present in an exterior peripheral spatial region of at least a portion of the support device. (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, a) When the pressure of the fluid solid conversion material outside the support device applied to the external medium increases, the fluid solid conversion material flows through the connecting passage into the cavity surrounded by the support device, pushing out the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device, thereby increasing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity and causing the fluid solid conversion material to flow outside the support device. or / and, b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material in the internal region of the support device flows out of the support device through the connecting passage. When the apparent volume of the supply device decreases, the fluid-solid conversion material around the external periphery of the support device is subjected to the pressure of the surrounding medium, and the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the internal region of the support device through the connecting passage. (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, The fluid-solid conversion material is coupled with the support device to form a composite housing, the composite housing being capable of resisting pressure from an external medium.

33. Composite structural member including part A, part B, and part C (1) Among them, (1) The part A is a solid-state device, and part A has one or more cavities, and part B and part C are present in at least one cavity. (2) At least one of the cavities is a single-communication region cavity, or / and at least one of the cavities is a multiple-communication region cavity, and the single-communication region cavity is characterized in that, in any cross section of the cavity, the spatial region in which the cavity is located is a single-communication region, and the multiple-communication region cavity is characterized in that there is at least one such cross section, and the spatial region in which the cavity is located on the cross section is a multiple-communication region. (3) Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state. (4) The part C includes at least one of the following eight items a to h: One or more complex product compensators. b. The residue of one or more complex product compensators. c. At least one blank area, in which no device or material is present, which area was once occupied by said composite volume compensation device. d. One or more independent pressure supply devices. e. Remnants of one or more independent pressure supply systems. f. At least one blank area, where no equipment or materials are present, which area was previously occupied by an independent pressure supply device. g. One or more restraining hoops. h. One or more auxiliary carrier devices. (2) Among them, (1) A complex volume compensator according to any one of claims 1 to 21 or claim 30, wherein each complex volume compensator comprises a support device and a pressure supply device. (2) The independent supply device is as described in claim 1, or as described in claims 18 to 20, or as described in claims 22 to 25, or as described in claims 26 to 29. (3) The restraining hoop is a reinforcing bar cage, which only emphasizes the hoop function of the reinforcing bar cage and does not restrict the performance of the vertical reinforcing bar. (4) The role of the auxiliary supporting device is to bear the load in a certain direction together with the material in part B in the cavity. (5) The remnants of the complex product compensation device are a part, some parts, or the whole of the device, but the device has already lost its function. (6) The remnants of the independent pressure supply device are a part, some parts, or the whole of the device, but the pressure supply device has already lost its function.

34. The auxiliary carrying device is The device is selected from the group consisting of steel beams, prefabricated elements, natural stone, a device assembled from a plurality of prefabricated elements, a device in which a plurality of natural stone elements are stacked, or a device obtained by assembling an assembled device preform and natural stone elements.

34. The member of claim 33.

35. At least for a certain period of time, the fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least one of three regions: an interior region of the support device, a peripheral region of the support device, and a region corresponding to the connecting passage.

34. The member of claim 33.

36. In the cavity of the portion A, the material of the portion B includes the following four types. (1) Cement-based material Preferably, the cement base material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, normal strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete. (2) A mixture of a cement-based material and a polymeric material, in which the cement is involved in hydration; Preferably, the polymeric material is a polymeric emulsion. Self-curing polymeric materials, including epoxy resins. Preferably, the polymeric material is a self-curable polymeric material, including an epoxy resin. (3) Polymeric materials that can harden themselves Preferably, the self-curable polymeric material comprises an epoxy resin. (4) A mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder or / and solid granules. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and solid granules. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material, a solid powder, and solid granules. Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder, and the solid granules are metal particles or inorganic non-metallic material particles. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and stone, respectively.

34. The member of claim 33.

37. In the cavity of each of the portions A, there are M kinds of material of each of the portions B. [Equation 1] 、 [Equation 2] … [Equation 3] 、 [Equation 4] … [Equation 5] , each occupying a different spatial region, and M is greater than 1.

37. A member according to claim 33 or 36.

38. In the cavity having the portion A, the material of the portion B has at least the following characteristic I and / or characteristic II. (1) The characteristic I is that the material of the part B has at least one of the following characteristics A and B. (1) The above-mentioned Feature A There is at least one m and one n, where 1≦m≦M, 1≦n≦M, M≧2, m≠n, and there is at least one time period corresponding to the m and n. In this time period, [Equation 6] Compared to materials, [Equation 7] The material has a relatively high flowability. (2) The above-mentioned feature B There is at least one m and one n, where 1≦m≦M, 1≦n≦M, M≧2, m≠n, and the corresponding [Equation 8] and [Equation 9] The material has the following properties: (i) The above [Equation 10] The end time of the material's flowable state is [0011] After the end time of the flowable state of the material, [0012] earlier than the time when the material's volumetric shrinkage turning point occurs, or (ii) the aforementioned [0013] The end time of the material's flowable state is [0014] This occurs later than or simultaneously with the time at which the volumetric shrinkage turning point of the material appears. (2) The above feature II is that there is at least one k, where 1≦k≦M is satisfied, and the corresponding [Equation 15] The material must have at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, or C. (i) The above-mentioned Feature A [0016] When the material is in a flowable state, at least the above-mentioned material of all the part B is in one time period, multiple time periods, or all the time periods. [Equation 17] The material is subjected to compressive stress. (ii) Feature B The aforementioned [Equation 18] During the solidification process in which the material changes from a flowable state to a solid state, at least part of the material that is part B is solidified during one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages. [Equation 19] The material has at least one region that is compressive or pre-compressive or residual pre-compressive stressed. (iii) Feature C The aforementioned [Equation 20] After the material has solidified, at least part B of the material [0000] The material has at least one region where compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress exists.

38. The member of claim 37.

39. The cavity of the part A has at least one composite volume compensation device, and when the material of the part B that contacts the outer surface of the support device is in a flowable state, the composite structural member has the following characteristic A and / or characteristic B: (1) The above-mentioned Feature A (i) When the volume of the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A becomes smaller, or when the material that is part B in that area flows out, or when the space occupied by other devices or materials in that area is given up, or when the volume of the cavity that is part A increases, the volume of the pressure supply device in the internal area of ​​the support device expands, and the material that is part B in the internal area of ​​the support device flows through the connecting passage into the external periodic spatial area of ​​the support device. (ii) When the volume of the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A increases, when the space occupied by the material that is part B in that area is compressed, or when the volume of the cavity that part A has decreases, the volume of the pressure supply device in the internal area of ​​the support device contracts, and the material that is part B in the peripheral area of ​​the support device flows into the internal area of ​​the support device through the connecting passage. (2) The above-mentioned feature B (i) When a pressure change occurs in the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device, the material in part B in the internal region of the support device passes through the connecting passage and transmits the pressure change to the material in part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A. If a pressure change occurs in the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, this change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the interior region of the support device. or / and, (ii) When the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device expands in volume, the material in part B in the internal region of the support device passes through the connecting passage and flows into the region between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A. When the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device contracts in volume and there is a compressive stress in the B material between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, the B material between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A passes through the connecting passage and enters the cavity of the support device.

37. A member according to claim 33 or 36.

40. In the cavity of the part A, the supporting device, the pressure device, and the material of the part B have at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus and volume deformation modulus of any stage of the material, part B. The stage refers to the process in which the material changes from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength. (2) When the material of the part B solidifies and reaches its design strength, the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the composite housing consisting of the material of the part B and the support device are much higher than the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device. (3) When the material of part B solidifies and reaches its design strength, the composite housing consisting of the material of part B and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure applied to the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure that the pressure supply device supplies to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device operates alone. (4) The outer surface of the non-perforated portion of the support device can withstand the maximum pressure applied to the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure that the pressure supply device provides to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device operates alone. (5) The apparent rigidity of the non-hole portion of the support device is much higher than the apparent rigidity of the pressure device.

37. A member according to claim 33 or 36.

41. At least one axis of the member is a straight line or a curved line, and the curved line may include an arched curve.

34. The member of claim 33.

42. Within one segment, or a plurality of segments, or the entire length of the member, the outline of the cross section of the member and / or the outline of the cross section of the cavity of the portion A has the following characteristics: The figure is a figure surrounded by straight lines and / or curves, and the surrounded figure includes an outwardly convex figure. The selection range of the outwardly convex figure includes at least an outwardly convex curved figure, an outwardly convex polygon, and an outwardly convex polygon, and the selection range of the outwardly convex curved figure includes at least a circle and an ellipse.

34. The member of claim 33.

43. The cross section of the member has one of the following characteristics: (1) At least within a certain range of the length of the member, the cross-sectional shapes and dimensions of the member at different positions in the length direction are the same. (2) At least within a certain range of the length of the member, the cross-sectional shapes of the member at different positions in the length direction are similar but have different dimensions. (3) At least within a certain length of the member, the cross-sectional shapes of the member at at least two different positions in the length direction are not similar and the dimensions are different.

34. The member of claim 33.

44. In the cavity of the part A, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, M≧2, and i≠j are satisfied, and a corresponding [Equation 22] Materials and [Equation 23] The materials are adjacent and the relationship between them has one of the following properties: (1) The above [0000] The material is [Equation 25] Towards materials [Equation 26] Any interface on the material side is only in contact with the isolation device; [0000] No contact with the material. (2) The above [0000] The material is [0000] Towards materials [Equation 30] The interface on the material side is partially [Equation 31] only the interface of the material is in contact with the isolation device; [Equation 32] There is no contact with the material. [Equation 33] Material interface and [Equation 34] The materials come into direct contact. (3) The above [Equation 35] The material is [Equation 36] Towards materials [Equation 37] Any interface on the material side, [Number 38] Direct contact with the material. Preferably, in the composite structural member used as a column, the isolation device is a thin-walled steel cylinder, [0.39] The material is inside the cylinder, [Equation 40] The material is located on the outside of the cylinder. Preferably, both the top and bottom ends of the cylinder are sealed. A supply port is provided at the top end. [Equation 41] Any interface of the material [Equation 42] There is no direct contact with the material. The top end of the cylinder is not sealed. [Equation 43] The top edge of the material [0.0000] The upper edge of the material comes into direct contact 38. The member of claim 37.

45. The member is a constant cross-section compression member whose axis is a straight line, or a constant cross-section compression member whose axis is an arch curve. The term "equal cross section" means that the shapes enclosed by the outer contours of the cross sections of the member are all the same at different positions along the axis, except for both ends. Preferably, the uniform cross-section compression member having a straight axis is a rectangular column, a circular column, or a rounded rectangular column.

34. The member of claim 33.

46. The part A includes a tube and sealing devices at both ends, which seal the tube holes at both ends of the tube.

34. The member of claim 33.

47. The complex volume compensation device according to one of claims 1 to 21 or claim 30, and / or one according to one of claims 34 to 46. A composite structural member characterized by:

48. The member is a lattice column or a truss 48. A composite structural member according to claim 47.

49. The member to be produced is the member according to any one of claims 33 to 48. A method for manufacturing a composite structural member, comprising:

50. (1) The member includes a part A and a part B. (2) The member includes portion C 1 and / or the member includes portion C 2 at least for a certain period of time. Among them, (1) The method includes the following steps: (1) Obtain part A and part C. The portion A has at least one cavity. (2) Place part C in the cavity of part A, and fill the cavity of part A with the material of part B. (4) The pressure and temperature of part B are controlled so that the pressure of the material in part B is higher than normal pressure and / or the temperature is higher than normal temperature at least for a certain period of time. (2) Among them, (1) The part A is a solid-state device. (2) Part B includes one or more solidifiable materials, with different solidifiable materials occupying different spatial regions of the cavity of part A. During filling and for a period of time after filling is complete, the material of part B is in a flowable state. (3) The part C includes one or more complex volume compensators. A method for manufacturing a composite structural member, comprising:

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