Catalyst containing sulfur trap material for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention relates to a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprising: a first washcoat layer comprising Mn; a second washcoat layer comprising a sulfur trapping material; and a substrate, the substrate having an inlet end and an outlet end; an exhaust gas stream flowing through the catalyst first contacts the second washcoat layer before contacting the first washcoat layer; and the catalyst further comprises one or more platinum group metals comprising Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, the one or more platinum group metals being at least partially contained in one or more of: (a) the first washcoat layer, (b) the second washcoat layer, and (c) an optional third washcoat layer. The present invention further relates to an exhaust gas treatment system comprising the catalyst, a method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons using the catalyst, and the use of the catalyst for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxide (NO), and hydrocarbons, an exhaust gas treatment system including the catalyst, a method for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxide (NO), and hydrocarbons using the catalyst, and the use of the catalyst for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxide (NO), and hydrocarbons. [Background technology]

[0002] The present invention relates to a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) with improved oxidation capabilities, particularly for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons (including diesel fuel). Formaldehyde is known to be a toxic material under increasingly stringent regulations in indoor air spaces due to emissions from various building materials used in the construction industry. Stricter regulations are also being implemented for formaldehyde emissions from the engine exhaust of passenger vehicles and delivery vehicles. Manganese oxides (e.g., MnO) are generally known to be active in destroying formaldehyde under ambient conditions, but do not possess the thermal stability required to survive in a typical engine exhaust environment. In particular, phase transitions at high temperatures (e.g., above 400°C) can cause the structure of MnO to collapse, resulting in surface area and pore volume that are so low that they are no longer catalytically effective. One way to improve the stability of Mn oxide (and other catalytically useful base metal oxides such as copper, ceria, and iron) at high temperatures may be to support them on refractory oxide materials that themselves have high stability when exposed to high temperatures in engine exhaust. Materials such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) may be useful in this regard.

[0003] A significant challenge to the inclusion of Mn-containing base metal oxide (BMO) catalysts in technologies for the reduction of exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles can be seen in the inherently low sulfur tolerance of Mn, which is reflected in the high desulfation temperature of manganese sulfate. As documented in the literature, significant desulfation of MnSO4 does not occur at temperatures typical for diesel engine filter regeneration or desulfation (de-SOx) (approximately 650-700°C). In a nitrogen stream, 800°C is typically required, while in an air stream, the temperature is approximately 30°C higher (Figure 1).

[0004] Pt and Pd supported on high-temperature resistant, refractory metal oxide supports are known to provide efficient oxidation of CO and HO pollutants emitted from diesel engines. Vehicle manufacturers require such DOC compositions to meet increasingly stringent CO and HO exhaust emission requirements worldwide. An additional function of DOC compositions, when placed in the exhaust of a diesel vehicle, is to oxidize diesel fuel injected into the exhaust upstream of the DOC to create a high-temperature exotherm that is used to thermally oxidize soot accumulated on a diesel particulate filter (DPF) or catalyzed soot filter (CSF) located downstream of the DOC composition. Alternatively, the hydrocarbon concentration in the exhaust stream can be increased for exotherm generation by adjusting the combustion process, such as through various post-injection methods. Temperatures above 600°C at the DPF or CSF inlet are preferred to provide efficient oxidation of retained soot. The concentration of diesel fuel injected into the exhaust stream required to provide the desired exotherm is quite high, approximately 1% (10,000 ppm) or more on a C1 basis. The temperature at which the DOC composition can oxidize ("light-off") the injected fuel should be as low as possible, preferably below 300° C. In addition, the amount of hydrocarbon slip that bypasses the DOC catalyst during exotherm production should be as low as possible, preferably below 3,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm, or even 1,000 ppm.

[0005] WO 2022 / 047132(A1) relates to an oxidation catalyst composition for a catalyst article and an exhaust gas treatment system for reducing formaldehyde levels in engine exhaust emissions. In particular, claim 1 discloses an oxidation catalyst comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) component comprising Pd, Pt, or a combination thereof, a manganese component, and a first refractory metal oxide support material comprising zirconia.

[0006] US Patent No. 10,598,061 (B2) relates to a method and system for a diesel oxidation catalyst. In particular, claim 1 discloses a method comprising: producing NO2 in a catalyst comprising a washcoat containing zirconium, one or more base metal oxides, and palladium oxide, wherein the exhaust gas flow rate is between a lower threshold flow rate and an upper threshold flow rate; and promoting regeneration of a particulate filter located downstream of the catalyst via NO2 when the exhaust gas temperature is higher than the threshold temperature, wherein the palladium oxide is contained in an upstream portion of the catalyst relative to the direction of exhaust gas flow, and the one or more base metal oxides are contained in a downstream portion of the catalyst relative to the direction of exhaust gas flow.

[0007] U.S. Patent No. 10,392,980 (B2) relates to a method and system for a diesel oxidation catalyst. In particular, claim 1 discloses a method comprising passing a diesel combustion exhaust gas over a diesel oxidation catalyst having a washcoat containing zirconium oxide, palladium oxide, and at least one base metal oxide, wherein the washcoat is coated on a surface of a substrate, the at least one base metal oxide is coated on a downstream portion of the substrate in an amount greater than that coated on an upstream portion, and the palladium oxide is coated on an upstream portion of the substrate in an amount greater than that coated on a downstream portion, downstream referring to the axial direction of the exhaust gas flow, and the palladium oxide is 0.5 to 3 weight percent of the washcoat.

[0008] U.S. Patent Application No. 2015 / 352493(A1) relates to a catalytic article comprising: a first catalytic coating comprising a platinum group metal, wherein the first catalytic coating is substantially free of Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, V, Co, Ga, Mo, Mg, Cr, and Zn; a second catalytic coating comprising a non-PGM metal, wherein the second catalytic coating is substantially free of platinum group metals; and one or more substrates, wherein the first catalytic coating is separated from the second catalytic coating.

[0009] U.S. Patent Application No. 2022 / 152589(A1) relates to a composite oxidation catalyst for use in an exhaust system for treating exhaust gases produced by a compression-ignition internal combustion engine for a vehicle, upstream of a particulate matter filter in the exhaust system.

[0010] Chinese Patent No. 112805089(A) discloses a three-way catalyst composition comprising alumina doped with transition metals, the transition metals including Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, or combinations thereof.

[0011] It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst with improved performance with respect to the conversion of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, especially after exposure to sulfation and desulfation treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] It has been surprisingly found that an improved catalyst can be provided for the conversion of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in exhaust gases. In particular, it has been surprisingly found that a catalyst can be provided that exhibits improved performance with respect to the conversion of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons after exposure to sulfation and desulfation treatments such as those encountered in typical applications. Furthermore, it has been surprisingly found that the catalyst according to the present invention exhibits improved oxidation function for hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NO). In particular, it has been surprisingly found that the benefits of using a BMO-containing catalyst to reduce platinum group metals in diesel exhaust treatment systems are not limited to HCHO oxidation, but also extend to hydrocarbon and NO oxidation. This allows vehicle manufacturers to meet ever-more stringent vehicle emissions standards while also reducing the overall usage and cost of PGMs. It has also been surprisingly found that the use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) containing both a platinum group metal (PGM) catalyst and a base metal oxide (BMO) catalyst results in a catalyst with improved fuel combustion function. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present invention can be expected to be capable of oxidizing soot buildup on substrates, particularly wall-flow substrates, because they can produce NO, which oxidizes the soot, particularly with a Mn-containing washcoat layer. Additionally, the catalysts of the present invention can enable relatively low NO production, particularly due to the relatively low content of platinum group metals.

[0013] Accordingly, the present invention provides a catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprising: a first washcoat layer containing Mn; a second washcoat layer comprising a sulfur trapping material capable of being desulfated; and a substrate; the substrate preferably comprises a substrate having an inlet end through which the exhaust gas stream may enter the catalyst and an outlet end through which the exhaust gas stream may exit the catalyst, wherein the exhaust gas stream flowing through the catalyst preferably first contacts the second washcoat layer before contacting the first washcoat layer; The catalyst further comprises one or more platinum group metals, including Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are: (a) a first washcoat layer; and (b) a second washcoat layer, and (c) an optional third washcoat layer; or (d) the catalyst being at least partially contained in one or more of the optional third and fourth washcoat layers.

[0014] Within the meaning of the present invention, sulfur capture materials are capable of reversibly binding sulfur in the form of sulfates and / or sulfites, and regeneration of the material leads to the release of sulfur, in particular as SO2 and / or SO3, in a process called desulfation.

[0015] It is preferred that the second washcoat layer be substantially free of Mn, and more preferably that the optional second washcoat layer be free of Mn. Note that the Mn contained in the second washcoat layer may result from leakage of Mn into that layer from another layer containing Mn, particularly from the first washcoat layer.

[0016] Within the meaning of the present invention, a washcoat layer is substantially free of an element or compound when the washcoat layer contains the element or compound in an amount of 1% by weight or less, preferably 0.5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.05% by weight or less, more preferably 0.01% by weight or less, more preferably 0.005% by weight or less, more preferably 0.001% by weight or less, calculated as the element or compound and based on 100% by weight of the washcoat layer.

[0017] Preferably, the first washcoat layer is substantially free of sulfur trapping materials, and more preferably, the first washcoat layer is free of sulfur trapping materials.

[0018] It is preferred that the first washcoat layer is substantially free of one or more platinum group metals, and preferably the first washcoat layer is free of one or more platinum group metals.

[0019] It is preferred that the loading of Mn in the first washcoat layer is in the range of 1 to 50 wt%, more preferably 2 to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 to 20 wt%, more preferably 8 to 12 wt%, calculated as the element and based on 100 wt% of the first washcoat layer.

[0020] It is preferred that Mn is present in the form of one or more cations of Mn, and that Mn is more preferably contained in the first washcoat layer as one or more oxides, and that Mn is more preferably contained in the first washcoat layer as one or more oxides of Mn(II), Mn(III), Mn(II / III), and Mn(IV), more preferably as one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnO2, Mn(O)OH, and Mn-Zr mixed oxides, including mixtures of two or more of the following, and that the Mn-Zr mixed oxides are preferably contained in the first washcoat layer as a solid solution.

[0021] The first washcoat layer comprises a particulate support material, and Mn is supported on the particulate support material. The particulate support material is more preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, praseodymium oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, and ZrO2. From the group consisting of CuO-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxides, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, PrO2-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 Preferably, the material is selected from the group consisting of doped CeO2-ZrO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and more preferably, Mn is supported on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2.

[0022] It is preferred that the first washcoat layer contains Ce, and more preferably, Ce is contained in the first washcoat layer as CeO2 and / or Ce2O3.

[0023] When the first washcoat layer contains Ce, the loading of Ce in the first washcoat layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 wt %, more preferably 2 to 30 wt %, more preferably 5 to 20 wt %, more preferably 8 to 12 wt %, calculated as the element and based on 100 wt % of the first washcoat layer.

[0024] Furthermore, when the first washcoat layer contains Ce, the Ce is supported on a particulate support material, and the particulate support material is preferably ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, praseodymium oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped The oxides are preferably selected from the group consisting of CuO-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxides, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, PrO2-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 Preferably, the CeO2-ZrO2 is selected from the group consisting of doped CeO2-ZrO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and more preferably, Ce is supported on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2.

[0025] It is preferred that the first washcoat layer comprises Cu, and the first washcoat layer preferably comprises CuO, Cu2O, or CuO and Cu2O, more preferably CuO.

[0026] When the first washcoat layer contains Cu, it is preferred that the loading of Cu in the first washcoat layer, calculated as an element and based on 100 wt% of the first washcoat layer, is in the range of 1 to 50 wt%, more preferably 2 to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 to 20 wt%, more preferably 8 to 12 wt%.

[0027] Furthermore, when the first washcoat layer contains Cu, the Cu is supported on a particulate support material, and the particulate support material is more preferably ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, praseodymium oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2 From the group consisting of CuO-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxides, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, PrO2-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11Preferably, the Cu is supported on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2.

[0028] It is preferred that the loading of the sulfur trapping material in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 5 to 100 wt%, more preferably 10 to 95 wt%, more preferably 20 to 90 wt%, more preferably 30 to 80 wt%, more preferably 40 to 70 wt%, based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer.

[0029] The sulfur trapping material preferably comprises, and preferably consists of, one or more metal oxides that react with SO2 and / or SO3 to form the corresponding metal sulfites and / or metal sulfates.

[0030] When the sulfur capture material includes one or more metal oxides that react with SO2 and / or SO3 to form the corresponding metal sulfites and / or metal sulfates, each of the one or more metal oxides that react with SO2 and / or SO3 to form the corresponding metal sulfites and / or metal sulfates may be desulfated to a desulfation temperature T at which 50% of the respective metal sulfites and / or metal sulfates are decomposed into the metal oxide and SO2 and / or SO3. 50 The temperature is the desulfation temperature T 50 and more preferably, each of the one or more metal oxides is lower than the desulfation temperature T 50 The temperature is the desulfation temperature T 50 It is preferred that the temperature is at least 10°C lower, preferably at least 20°C lower, more preferably at least 50°C lower, more preferably at least 80°C lower, more preferably at least 100°C lower, more preferably at least 150°C lower than the temperature.

[0031] Furthermore, and independently, it is preferred that the one or more metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Ce, La, Sn, and Zr, preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, Ce, La, Sn, and Zr, more preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, Sn, La, and Zr, more preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, La, and Zr, more preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, La, and Zr, more preferably comprising oxides of Zr, La, and / or Fe; and / or the one or more metal oxides are preferably selected from the group consisting of oxides of Fe, Cu, and Sn, more preferably from the list consisting of Fe2O3, CuO, and SnO2,

[0032] Additionally, and independently, it is preferred that the one or more metal oxides comprise, more preferably consist of, an oxide of Fe, more preferably comprise, more preferably consist of Fe2O3 and / or Fe2O3-doped Al2O3, and / or that the one or more metal oxides comprise an oxide of Fe, and that the loading of the one or more oxides of Fe in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 10-70 wt. %, calculated as Fe2O3 and based on 100 wt. % of the second washcoat layer.

[0033] When the one or more metal oxides comprise, or preferably consist of, an oxide of Fe, it is preferred that the loading of the one or more oxides of Fe in the second washcoat layer, calculated as Fe2O3 and based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer, is in the range of 1 to 100 wt%, more preferably 5 to 80 wt%, more preferably 10 to 70 wt%, more preferably 15 to 65 wt%, more preferably 20 to 60 wt%, more preferably 30 to 50 wt%, more preferably 35 to 45 wt%. Furthermore, when the one or more metal oxides comprise, or more preferably consist of, an oxide of Fe, it is preferred that the one or more oxides of Fe exhibit an average particle size D50 of 20 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less, the average particle size being preferably determined according to ISO 13320:2020. Furthermore, when the one or more metal oxides comprise, more preferably consist of, an oxide of Fe, it is preferred that the second washcoat layer comprises one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably the second washcoat layer comprises Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, more preferably Al2O3.

[0034] When the second washcoat layer comprises one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof, it is preferred that the loading of the one or more oxides in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 0-99 wt%, more preferably 20-95 wt%, more preferably 30-90 wt%, more preferably 40-80 wt%, more preferably 45-75 wt%, more preferably 50-70 wt%, more preferably 55-65 wt%, based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer.

[0035] Furthermore, when the sulfur capture material includes one or more metal oxides that react with SO and / or SO to form the corresponding metal sulfites and / or metal sulfates, it is preferred that the one or more metal oxides include, or more preferably consist of, ZrO.

[0036] When the one or more metal oxides comprise, more preferably consist of, ZrO2, it is preferred that the loading of ZrO2 in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 35-100 wt%, more preferably 45-100 wt%, more preferably 75-95 wt%, more preferably 85-90 wt%, based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer.

[0037] Furthermore, when the one or more metal oxides comprise, or more preferably consist of, ZrO2, it is preferred that the ZrO2 is doped with La2O3, and that the ZrO2 and La2O3 more preferably form a solid solution.

[0038] When ZrO2 is doped with La2O3, it is preferred that the ZrO2 is doped with La2O3 in an amount ranging from 1 to 50 wt%, more preferably 3 to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 to 15 wt%, more preferably 8 to 10 wt%, based on 100 wt% ZrO2 and La2O3.

[0039] Furthermore, when the sulfur capture material includes one or more metal oxides that react with SO2 and / or SO3 to form corresponding metal sulfites and / or metal sulfates, the one or more metal oxides may include CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides and / or rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides; The rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide more preferably contains CeO2 in an amount in the range of 10 to 95 wt. %, more preferably in the range of 20 to 90 wt. %, based on 100 wt. % of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide comprises ZrO2 in an amount ranging from 5 to 75 wt.%, more preferably in the range from 9 to 70 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide further comprises La2O3 as a dopant, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 5 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 2 to 4 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide further comprises Y2O3 as a dopant, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 5 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 2 to 4 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide further comprises Nd2O3 as a dopant, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 3 to 7 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 4 to 6 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide contains praseodymium oxide, more preferably Pr2O3 and / or Pr6O as a dopant, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt. %, more preferably in an amount ranging from 3 to 7 wt. %, more preferably in an amount ranging from 4 to 6 wt. %, based on 100 wt. % of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide. 11 It is preferred that it further comprises:

[0040] When the one or more metal oxides include CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide and / or rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, it is preferred that La2O3 be supported on the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide and / or rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide in an amount of 1 to 20 wt. %, more preferably in an amount of 5 to 15 wt. %, more preferably in an amount of 9 to 11 wt. %, based on 100 wt. % of the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide and / or rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide.

[0041] Furthermore, when the one or more metal oxides comprise, preferably consist of, ZrO2, it is preferred that the one or more metal oxides further comprise one or more metal oxides selected from the list consisting of oxides of Fe, Cu, and Sn, including mixtures of two or more of the following, more preferably from the list consisting of Fe2O3, CuO, and SnO2, including mixtures of two or more of the following:

[0042] It is preferred that the substrate is a wall-flow or flow-through substrate, more preferably a honeycomb wall-flow or honeycomb flow-through substrate, more preferably a honeycomb flow-through substrate, and the flow-through substrate is more preferably a flow-through substrate with highly porous walls.

[0043] The loading of the first washcoat layer is 0.5 to 8 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.8 to 7 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.9 to 6 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 to 5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1.5 to 3 g / in 3 , more preferably 2 to 2.5 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0044] Within the meaning of the present invention, the loading of a washcoat layer in a catalyst refers to the loading of the washcoat layer based on the volume of catalyst contained in the washcoat layer. Thus, within the meaning of the present invention, the loading of a washcoat layer contained only in a specific portion or zone of the catalyst is based on the volume of that portion or zone of the catalyst. Thus, as an example, if a washcoat layer is provided over 50% of the axial length of the honeycomb substrate, its loading is calculated based on 50% of the total volume of the honeycomb substrate.

[0045] The loading of the second washcoat layer is 0.1 to 5 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.25 to 4 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.3 to 3 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.4 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 to 2 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0046] The loading of the third washcoat layer is 0.25 to 3.0 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 to 2 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0047] The loading of the fourth washcoat layer is 0.25 to 3.0 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 to 2 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0048] It is preferred that the catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals consisting of Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, more preferably that the catalyst comprises Pt, or Pt and Pd as the one or more platinum group metals, and even more preferably that the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd as the one or more platinum group metals.

[0049] Catalyst, calculated as element, 2 to 250 g / ft 3 , more preferably 5 to 150 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 to 125 g / ft 3 , more preferably 20 to 100 g / ft 3 , more preferably 25 to 85 g / ft 3 , more preferably 30 to 80 g / ft 3 , more preferably 40 to 60 g / ft 3 It is preferable that Pt is contained in a loading amount in the range of .

[0050] Within the meaning of the present invention, the loading of Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd in ​​a catalyst refers to the loading of Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd based on the volume of the catalyst in which Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd are contained. If Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd are contained in one or more zones of the catalyst, the loading of Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd within the meaning of the present invention is preferably based on the volume of the catalyst in which one or more Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd zones are contained. Thus, by way of example, if Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd are provided in a zone extending over 50% of the axial length of a honeycomb substrate, the loading is calculated based on 50% of the total volume of the honeycomb substrate.

[0051] Catalyst, calculated as element, 1-80g / ft 3 , more preferably 5 to 60 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 to 50 g / ft 3 , more preferably 15 to 40 g / ft 3 , more preferably 20 to 30 g / ft 3 It is preferable that Pd is contained in a loading amount in the range of .

[0052] Catalyst, calculated as an element, 2 to 250 g / ft 3 , more preferably 5 to 200 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 to 150 g / ft 3 , more preferably 20 to 130 g / ft 3 , more preferably 30 to 125 g / ft 3, more preferably 40 to 110 g / ft 3 , more preferably 50 to 100 g / ft 3 , more preferably 60 to 90 g / ft 3 , more preferably 70 to 80 g / ft 3 It is preferred to include Pt and Pd with a total loading of Pt and Pd in ​​the range of

[0053] It is preferred that the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd in ​​a Pt:Pd weight ratio in the range of 30:70 to 90:10, more preferably 50:50 to 80:20, more preferably 60:40 to 75:25, more preferably 65:35 to 70:30.

[0054] One or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material, more preferably selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and more preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3, and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, and / or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably SiO2-doped Al2O3, or Al2O3, or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, the Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably containing 1 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 4 to 6 wt. %, Mn-oxide, calculated as MnO2 and based on 100 wt. % Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3.

[0055] It is preferred that the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, and that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer, and more preferably that the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0056] Preferably, the third washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprising a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12 ring members, more preferably zeolite beta.

[0057] When the third washcoat layer includes a hydrocarbon trapping material, and the hydrocarbon trapping material includes a molecular sieve, the loading of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the third washcoat layer is 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0058] It is preferred that the first washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprising a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12 ring members, more preferably zeolite beta.

[0059] When the first washcoat layer includes a hydrocarbon trapping material, and the hydrocarbon trapping material includes a molecular sieve, the loading of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the first washcoat layer is 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0060] Preferably, the second washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprising a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12 ring members, more preferably zeolite beta.

[0061] When the second washcoat layer includes a hydrocarbon trapping material, and the hydrocarbon trapping material includes a molecular sieve, the loading of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the second washcoat layer is 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0062] When one or more of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer comprise a hydrocarbon trapping material, it is preferred that, independently of one another, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprises a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite, wherein the molecular sieve, more preferably the zeolite, comprises SiO2 and Al2O3, and wherein the molecular sieve, more preferably the zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1.

[0063] Furthermore, when one or more of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer comprise a hydrocarbon capture material, independently of one another, it is preferred that the molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, comprises Fe in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 7.0 wt. %, more preferably 3.0 to 5.0 wt. %, more preferably 4.0 to 4.5 wt. %, calculated as FeO and based on the weight of the molecular sieve.

[0064] According to a first alternative, it is preferred that the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer and a second washcoat layer, the first washcoat layer being provided on the substrate and the second washcoat layer being provided on the first washcoat layer.

[0065] When the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer and a second washcoat layer, the first washcoat layer being provided on a substrate and the second washcoat layer being provided on the first washcoat layer, according to a first alternative, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the second washcoat layer, and preferably that the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the second washcoat layer.

[0066] Furthermore, when the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer and a second washcoat layer, the first washcoat layer being provided on a substrate and the second washcoat layer being provided on the first washcoat layer, according to a first alternative, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the first washcoat layer, preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the first washcoat layer.

[0067] According to a second alternative, the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, and the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer, preferably wherein the first washcoat layer is provided on the substrate, the second washcoat layer is provided on the first washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer is provided on the second washcoat layer. Furthermore, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer, more preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0068] According to a third alternative, the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, and the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer, preferably wherein the first washcoat layer is provided on the substrate, the third washcoat layer is provided on the first washcoat layer, and the second washcoat layer is provided on the third washcoat layer. Furthermore, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer, more preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0069] When the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer according to the second alternative defined above, it is preferred that the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third and fourth washcoat layers, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, the length of the fourth washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer. Alternatively, the catalyst may comprise a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third and fourth washcoat layers, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the third washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, the length of the fourth washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate to create an upstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer. For both alternatives defined above, it is particularly preferred that the third and fourth washcoat layers are adjacent to each other.

[0070] When the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer according to the first, second or third alternative defined herein above, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer and / or the fourth washcoat layer, more preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer.

[0071] According to a fourth alternative, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first washcoat layer and a second washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer being provided on the substrate along its axial length starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the first washcoat layer being provided on the substrate along its axial length starting from the outlet end of the substrate, the length of the first washcoat layer being preferably shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the second washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer.

[0072] When the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first and second washcoat layers according to the fourth alternative, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the second washcoat layer, and more preferably that the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the second washcoat layer.

[0073] Furthermore, when the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first and second washcoat layers according to the fourth alternative, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the first washcoat layer, and more preferably that the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the first washcoat layer.

[0074] When the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first and second washcoat layers according to the fourth alternative, it is preferred that the first and second washcoat layers are adjacent to each other.

[0075] Furthermore, when the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first and second washcoat layers according to the fourth alternative, it is preferred that a portion of the second washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the first washcoat layer, and more preferably that the second washcoat layer overlaps the first washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the first washcoat layer.

[0076] According to a fifth alternative, the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the first, second, and third washcoat layers, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the inlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the outlet end of the substrate, the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the first washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first and second washcoat layers, and the one or more platinum group metals being at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0077] According to a sixth alternative, the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the first, second and third washcoat layers, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the outlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the inlet end of the substrate, the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the first washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and an upstream zone comprising the first and second washcoat layers, and the one or more platinum group metals being at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0078] When the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer and the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer according to the fifth or sixth alternative, it is preferred that the first washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to each other.

[0079] Furthermore, when the catalyst includes a third washcoat layer and the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first, second, and third washcoat layers according to the fifth or sixth alternative, it is preferred that the second and third washcoat layers are adjacent to each other. Alternatively, it is preferred that a portion of the second washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and more preferably that the second washcoat layer overlaps the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer. Alternatively, a portion of the third washcoat layer overlaps with at least a portion of the second washcoat layer, and more preferably, the third washcoat layer overlaps with the second washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, and more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the second washcoat layer. Alternatively, a portion of the first washcoat layer overlaps with at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and more preferably, the first washcoat layer overlaps with the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, and more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer.

[0080] When a portion of the third washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the second washcoat layer, preferably the third washcoat layer overlaps the second washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the second washcoat layer, the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer is disposed on the second washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third and fourth washcoat layers, the third washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer is disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and it is preferred that the length of the fourth washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate to create an upstream zone including the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone including the fourth washcoat layer. Alternatively, the catalyst may include a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third and fourth washcoat layers, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate at least partially along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, the length of the fourth washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate to create an upstream zone including the fourth washcoat layer and a downstream zone including the third washcoat layer. It is particularly preferred that the third and fourth washcoat layers are adjacent to each other.

[0081] According to a seventh alternative, the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the inlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the outlet end of the substrate, the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the third washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first and second washcoat layers, and it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0082] According to an eighth alternative, the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the outlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from the inlet end of the substrate, the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the third washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and an upstream zone comprising the first and second washcoat layers, and it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0083] When the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer and the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer according to the seventh or eighth alternative, it is preferred that the first washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to each other.

[0084] Furthermore, when the catalyst includes a third washcoat layer and the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first, second, and third washcoat layers according to the seventh or eighth alternative, it is preferred that the second and third washcoat layers are adjacent to each other. Alternatively, it is preferred that a portion of the first washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and more preferably that the first washcoat layer overlaps the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer. Alternatively, a portion of the second washcoat layer overlaps with at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and more preferably, the second washcoat layer overlaps with the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, and more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer. Alternatively, a portion of the third washcoat layer overlaps with at least a portion of the second washcoat layer, and more preferably, the third washcoat layer overlaps with the second washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, and more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the second washcoat layer.

[0085] When the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer according to the seventh alternative, it is preferred that the catalyst also comprises a fourth washcoat layer, and that the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, wherein the third washcoat layer is at least partially provided on the substrate along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer is provided on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the length of the fourth washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer. Alternatively, it is preferred that the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third and fourth washcoat layers, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate at least partially along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, the length of the fourth washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate to create an upstream zone including the fourth washcoat layer and a downstream zone including the third washcoat layer. It is particularly preferred that the third and fourth washcoat layers are adjacent to each other.

[0086] Furthermore, when the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer according to the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth alternative, it is preferred that the length of the first washcoat layer is in the range of 5 to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10 to 90%, more preferably 30 to 80%, more preferably 45 to 75%, more preferably 50 to 70% of the axial length of the substrate.

[0087] Furthermore, when the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer according to the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth alternative, it is preferred that the length of the second washcoat layer is in the range of 5 to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10 to 90%, more preferably 30 to 80%, more preferably 45 to 75%, more preferably 50 to 70% of the axial length of the substrate.

[0088] Furthermore, when the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first and second washcoat layers according to the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth alternative, it is preferred that the length of the third washcoat layer is in the range of 10-90%, more preferably 30-80%, more preferably 45-75%, more preferably 50-70% of the axial length of the substrate. Alternatively, it is preferred that the length of the third washcoat layer is in the range of 10-90%, more preferably 20-60%, more preferably 35-45% of the axial length of the substrate.

[0089] When the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, the length of the fourth washcoat layer is preferably in the range of 10 to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably 30 to 70%, more preferably 45 to 55%, and more preferably 49 to 51%.

[0090] Furthermore, if the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, it is preferred that the fourth washcoat layer be substantially free of sulfur trapping materials, and more preferably that the fourth washcoat layer be free of sulfur trapping materials.

[0091] Furthermore, when the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth layer includes a hydrocarbon trapping material, and the hydrocarbon trapping material includes a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12-membered rings, more preferably zeolite beta, and the molecular sieve, more preferably the zeolite, more preferably includes SiO2 and Al2O3, and the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably has a pore ratio of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably Preferably, the molecular sieve, more preferably the zeolite, has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, and the molecular sieve, more preferably the zeolite, preferably contains Fe, and the molecular sieve, more preferably the zeolite, more preferably contains Fe in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 7.0 wt. %, more preferably 3.0 to 5.0 wt. %, more preferably 4.0 to 4.5 wt. %, calculated as Fe2O3 and based on the weight of the molecular sieve.

[0092] If the fourth layer includes a hydrocarbon trapping material, the loading of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the fourth washcoat layer is 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 3 It is preferable that the range is:

[0093] Furthermore, when the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the fourth washcoat layer. When one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the fourth washcoat layer, the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material, more preferably selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3, and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, and / or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably SiO2-doped Al2O3, or Al2O3, or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, and the Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably contains 1 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 4 to 6 wt. %, of Mn oxide, calculated as MnO2 and based on 100 wt. % of the Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3.

[0094] When the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, it is preferred that the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first, second, and third washcoat layers according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth alternative, and when the catalyst further comprises a fourth washcoat layer, the one or more platinum group metals are entirely contained in the third and fourth washcoat layers, the weight ratio of the one or more platinum group metals contained in the third washcoat layer to the one or more platinum group metals contained in the fourth washcoat layer is in the range of 0.5:1 to 5.0:1, more preferably 1.0:1 to 2.0:1, more preferably 1.4:1 to 1.6:1, the one or more platinum group metals contained in the third washcoat layer more preferably comprise, more preferably consist of, Pt and Pd, and the one or more platinum group metals contained in the fourth washcoat layer more preferably comprise, more preferably consist of, Pt and Pd.

[0095] Additionally, if the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, it is preferred that the one or more platinum group metals be contained entirely within the third washcoat layer and / or the optional fourth washcoat layer.

[0096] It is preferred that the substrate is a metallic substrate or a ceramic substrate, more preferably the substrate is a ceramic substrate, more preferably the substrate comprises cordierite and / or SiC, more preferably cordierite, more preferably the substrate consists of cordierite and / or SiC, more preferably cordierite.

[0097] When the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first and second washcoat layers according to the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth alternative, the substrate consists of two separate monoliths, the first monolith being provided upstream of the second monolith, the washcoat layer or layers of the upstream zone being contained on the first monolith and the washcoat layer or layers of the downstream zone being contained on the second monolith, preferably the washcoat layer or layers of the upstream zone being contained on the first monolith. The first monolith containing the washcoat layer and the second monolith containing the downstream zone washcoat layer or layers are obtained or can be obtained by compartmentalizing the catalyst into two separate monoliths according to any one of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth alternatives, preferably wherein the upstream zone washcoat layer or layers are contained on the first monolith and the downstream zone washcoat layer or layers are contained on the second monolith.

[0098] It is preferred that the exhaust gas stream contains hydrocarbons, preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons.

[0099] The present invention further relates to an exhaust gas treatment system comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas conduit for exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas conduit contains one or more catalysts according to any one of the embodiments disclosed herein, preferably one, two, three, or four catalysts according to any one of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0100] Preferably, the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine, more preferably a diesel engine.

[0101] Preferably the internal combustion engine is a lean gasoline engine.

[0102] Preferably, the internal combustion engine is powered by an oxygenated fuel, which preferably comprises one or more of methanol and biofuel.

[0103] Preferably, the system comprises one or more of an electric heater, a fuel burner, a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on filter (SCRoF), and a diesel exotherm catalyst (DEC).

[0104] According to a first alternative, the system preferably comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0105] According to a second alternative, the system preferably comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0106] According to a third alternative, the system preferably comprises, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0107] According to a fourth alternative, the system preferably comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0108] According to a fifth alternative, the system comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, and wherein the substrates are preferably a wall-flow substrate, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0109] According to a sixth alternative, the system preferably comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0110] According to a seventh alternative, the system preferably comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0111] According to an eighth alternative, the system comprises, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, and preferably the substrates are a wall-flow substrate, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0112] According to a ninth alternative, the system preferably comprises, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction over filter (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0113] According to a tenth alternative, the system preferably comprises, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction over filter (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0114] According to an eleventh alternative, the system preferably comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0115] According to a twelfth alternative, the system comprises, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, and preferably the substrates are a wall-flow substrate, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0116] According to a thirteenth alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0117] According to a fourteenth alternative, the system preferably comprises, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0118] According to a fifteenth alternative, the system preferably comprises, in consecutive order in the direction of the exhaust gases, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0119] Still further, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the method comprising: (A) providing an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons; (B) directing the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through a catalyst according to any one of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0120] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises one or more sulfur-containing compounds, more preferably SO2 and / or SO3.

[0121] The exhaust gas flow provided at (A) is NO x It is preferred that the compound contains:

[0122] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises CO.

[0123] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises formaldehyde.

[0124] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises nitrogen oxides (NO).

[0125] It is preferred that the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises hydrocarbons, preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons.

[0126] Still further, the present invention relates to the use of a catalyst according to any one of the embodiments disclosed herein for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas stream, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a compression ignition engine, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a diesel engine.

[0127] The present invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments resulting from the dependencies and reverse references as indicated. In particular, in each case where a range of embodiments is mentioned, for example, in the context of a term such as "the catalyst of any one of embodiments 1 to 4," it is noted that all embodiments within this range are expressly disclosed to those skilled in the art, that is, this expression is understood by those skilled in the art to be synonymous with "the catalyst of any one of embodiments 1, 2, 3, and 4." Furthermore, it is clearly noted that the following set of embodiments represents a suitably structured part of the general description directed to preferred aspects of the present invention, and therefore suitably supports, but does not represent, the scope of the claims of the present invention. 1. A catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprising: a first washcoat layer containing Mn; a second washcoat layer comprising a sulfur trapping material capable of being desulfated; A substrate, the substrate preferably comprises a substrate having an inlet end through which the exhaust gas stream may enter the catalyst and an outlet end through which the exhaust gas stream may exit the catalyst, wherein the exhaust gas stream flowing through the catalyst preferably first contacts the second washcoat layer before contacting the first washcoat layer; The catalyst further comprises one or more platinum group metals, including Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are: (a) a first washcoat layer; and (b) a second washcoat layer, and (c) an optional third washcoat layer; or (d) a catalyst at least partially contained in one or more of the optional third and fourth washcoat layers. 2. The catalyst of embodiment 1, wherein the second washcoat layer is substantially free of Mn, preferably the second washcoat layer is free of Mn. 3. The catalyst of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first washcoat layer is substantially free of sulfur trapping material, preferably the first washcoat layer is free of sulfur trapping material. 4. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-3, wherein the first washcoat layer is substantially free of one or more platinum group metals, preferably wherein the first washcoat layer is free of one or more platinum group metals. 5. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the loading of Mn in the first washcoat layer is in the range of 1-50 wt%, preferably 2-30 wt%, more preferably 5-20 wt%, more preferably 8-12 wt%, calculated as the element and based on 100 wt% of the first washcoat layer. 6. The catalyst of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein Mn is present in the form of one or more cations of Mn, and wherein Mn is preferably contained in the first washcoat layer as one or more oxides, and more preferably as one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnO2, Mn(O)OH, and Mn-Zr mixed oxides, including mixtures of two or more of the following: MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnO2, Mn(O)OH, and Mn-Zr mixed oxides, and wherein the Mn-Zr mixed oxides are preferably contained in the first washcoat layer as a solid solution. 7. The first washcoat layer comprises a particulate support material, Mn is supported on the particulate support material, and the particulate support material is preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, praseodymium oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, and ZrO2. From the group consisting of CuO-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxides, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, PrO2-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 7. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-6, wherein the Mn is selected from the group consisting of LaO-doped CeO2-ZrO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably Mn is supported on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2. 8. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-7, wherein the first washcoat layer comprises Ce, and the Ce is preferably contained in the first washcoat layer as CeO2 and / or Ce2O3. 9. The catalyst of embodiment 8, wherein the loading of Ce in the first washcoat layer is in the range of 1 to 50 wt%, preferably 2 to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 to 20 wt%, more preferably 8 to 12 wt%, calculated as the element and based on 100 wt% of the first washcoat layer. 10. Ce is supported on a particulate support material, and the particulate support material is preferably ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, praseodymium oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO From the group consisting of CuO-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxide, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, PrO2-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 10. The catalyst of embodiment 8 or 9, wherein the Ce is selected from the group consisting of La2O3-doped ZrO2, LaO2-doped ZrO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably Ce is supported on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2. 11. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-10, wherein the first washcoat layer comprises Cu, and the first washcoat layer preferably comprises CuO, Cu2O, or CuO and Cu2O, more preferably CuO. 12. The catalyst of embodiment 11, wherein the loading of Cu in the first washcoat layer is in the range of 1 to 50 wt%, preferably 2 to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 to 20 wt%, more preferably 8 to 12 wt%, calculated as the element and based on 100 wt% of the first washcoat layer. 13. Cu is supported on a particulate support material, and the particulate support material is preferably ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, praseodymium oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO From the group consisting of CuO-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxide, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, PrO2-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, La2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Nd2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, Pr6O 11 13. The catalyst of embodiment 11 or 12, wherein the Cu is selected from the group consisting of La2O3-doped ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably Cu is supported on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2. 14. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-13, wherein the loading of the sulfur trapping material in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 5 to 100 wt%, preferably 10 to 95 wt%, more preferably 20 to 90 wt%, more preferably 30 to 80 wt%, more preferably 40 to 70 wt%, based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer. 15. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-14, wherein the sulfur trapping material comprises one or more metal oxides that react with SO2 and / or SO3 to form corresponding metal sulfites and / or metal sulfates, preferably the sulfur trapping material consists of one or more metal oxides. 16. The desulfation temperature T at which one or more metal oxides react with SO2 and / or SO3 to form the corresponding metal sulfite and / or metal sulfate, respectively, decomposes 50% of the respective metal sulfite and / or metal sulfate into the metal oxide and SO2 and / or SO3. 50 The temperature is the desulfation temperature T 50 and preferably each of the one or more metal oxides is lower than the desulfation temperature T 50 The temperature is the desulfation temperature T 50 16. The catalyst of embodiment 15, wherein the temperature is at least 10° C. lower, preferably at least 20° C. lower, more preferably at least 50° C. lower, more preferably at least 80° C. lower, more preferably at least 100° C. lower, more preferably at least 150° C. lower than the temperature of the catalyst of embodiment 15. 17. The catalyst of embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the one or more metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Ce, La, Sn, and Zr, preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, Ce, La, Sn, and Zr, more preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, Sn, La, and Zr, more preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, La, and Zr, more preferably from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Fe, La, and Zr, more preferably 18. The catalyst of any of embodiments 15-17, wherein the one or more metal oxides comprise, preferably consist of, an oxide of Fe, preferably the one or more metal oxides comprise, preferably consist of, Fe2O3 and / or Fe2O3-doped Al2O3, and / or the one or more metal oxides comprise an oxide of Fe, and the loading of the one or more oxides of Fe in the second washcoat layer, calculated as Fe2O3 and based on 100 wt.% of the second washcoat layer, is in the range of 10-70 wt.%. 19. The catalyst of embodiment 18, wherein the loading of the one or more oxides of Fe in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 1 to 100 wt%, preferably 5 to 80 wt%, more preferably 10 to 70 wt%, more preferably 15 to 65 wt%, more preferably 20 to 60 wt%, more preferably 30 to 50 wt%, more preferably 35 to 45 wt%, calculated as Fe2O3 and based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer. 20. The catalyst of embodiment 18 or 19, wherein the one or more oxides of Fe exhibit an average particle size D50 of 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less, the average particle size preferably being determined according to ISO 13320:2020. 21. The catalyst of any of embodiments 18-20, wherein the second washcoat layer comprises one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof; preferably, the second washcoat layer comprises Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, more preferably Al2O3. 22. The catalyst of embodiment 21, wherein the loading of the one or more oxides in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 0 to 99 wt%, preferably 20 to 95 wt%, more preferably 30 to 90 wt%, more preferably 40 to 80 wt%, more preferably 45 to 75 wt%, more preferably 50 to 70 wt%, more preferably 55 to 65 wt%, based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer. 23. The catalyst of any of embodiments 15-22, wherein the one or more metal oxides comprise, preferably consist of, ZrO2. 24. The catalyst of embodiment 23, wherein the loading of ZrO2 in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 35 to 100 wt%, preferably 45 to 100 wt%, more preferably 75 to 95 wt%, more preferably 85 to 90 wt%, based on 100 wt% of the second washcoat layer. 25. The catalyst of embodiment 23 or 24, wherein ZrO2 is doped with La2O3, and ZrO2 and La2O3 preferably form a solid solution. 26. The catalyst of embodiment 25, wherein the ZrO2 is preferably doped with La2O3 in an amount ranging from 1 to 50 wt.%, preferably from 3 to 30 wt.%, more preferably from 5 to 15 wt.%, more preferably from 8 to 10 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% ZrO2 and La2O3. 27. The one or more metal oxides include CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide and / or rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, and the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably contains CeO2 in an amount in the range of 10 to 95 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 20 to 90 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; Preferably, the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide contains ZrO2 in an amount ranging from 5 to 75 wt.%, more preferably from 9 to 70 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide further comprises La2O3 as a dopant, preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 5 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 2 to 4 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide further comprises Y2O3 as a dopant, preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 5 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 2 to 4 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide further comprises Nd2O3 as a dopant, preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 3 to 7 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 4 to 6 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide; More preferably, the rare earth metal doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide contains, as dopants, praseodymium oxide, preferably Pr2O3 and / or Pr6O, preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 10 wt. %, more preferably in an amount ranging from 3 to 7 wt. %, more preferably in an amount ranging from 4 to 6 wt. %, based on 100 wt. % of the rare earth metal doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide. 11 27. The catalyst of any of embodiments 15 to 26, further comprising: 28. The catalyst of embodiment 27, wherein La2O3 is supported on the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide and / or the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, preferably in an amount ranging from 1 to 20 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 5 to 15 wt.%, more preferably in an amount ranging from 9 to 11 wt.%, based on 100 wt.% of the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide and / or the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide. 29. The catalyst of any of embodiments 23-28, wherein the one or more metal oxides further comprise one or more metal oxides selected from the list consisting of oxides of Fe, Cu, and Sn, including mixtures of two or more of the following, preferably from the list consisting of Fe2O3, CuO, and SnO2, including mixtures of two or more of the following: 30. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-29, wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate or a flow-through substrate, preferably a honeycomb wall-flow substrate or a honeycomb flow-through substrate, more preferably a honeycomb flow-through substrate, and the flow-through substrate is more preferably a flow-through substrate having highly porous walls. 31. The loading of the first washcoat layer is 0.5 to 8 g / in 3 , preferably 0.8 to 7 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.9 to 6 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 to 5 g / in 3, more preferably 1.5 to 3 g / in 3 , more preferably 2 to 2.5 g / in 3 31. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein 32. The loading of the second washcoat layer is 0.1 to 5 g / in 3 , preferably 0.25 to 4 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.3 to 3 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.4 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 to 2 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 g / in 3 32. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1 to 31, wherein 33. The loading of the third washcoat layer is 0.25 to 3.0 g / in 3 , preferably 0.5 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 to 2 g / in 3 33. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1 to 32, wherein 34. The loading of the fourth washcoat layer is 0.25 to 3.0 g / in 3 , preferably 0.5 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 to 2 g / in 3 34. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1 to 33, wherein 35. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-34, wherein the catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals consisting of Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd; preferably, the catalyst comprises Pt, or Pt and Pd as the one or more platinum group metals; more preferably, the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd as the one or more platinum group metals. 36. The catalyst, calculated as element, is 2 to 250 g / ft 3 , preferably 5 to 150 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 to 125 g / ft 3 , more preferably 20 to 100 g / ft 3 , more preferably 25 to 85 g / ft 3 , more preferably 30 to 80 g / ft 3 , more preferably 40 to 60 g / ft 336. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-35, comprising Pt at a loading in the range of 37. The catalyst, calculated as element, is 1 to 80 g / ft 3 , preferably 5 to 60 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 to 50 g / ft 3 , more preferably 15 to 40 g / ft 3 , more preferably 20 to 30 g / ft 3 37. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-36, comprising Pd at a loading in the range of 38. The catalyst, calculated as an element, is 2 to 250 g / ft 3 , preferably 5 to 200 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 to 150 g / ft 3 , more preferably 20 to 130 g / ft 3 , more preferably 30 to 125 g / ft 3 , more preferably 40 to 110 g / ft 3 , more preferably 50 to 100 g / ft 3 , more preferably 60 to 90 g / ft 3 , more preferably 70 to 80 g / ft 3 38. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-37, comprising Pt and Pd, with a total loading of Pt and Pd in ​​the range of 39. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-38, wherein the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd in ​​a Pt:Pd weight ratio ranging from 30:70 to 90:10, preferably from 50:50 to 80:20, more preferably from 60:40 to 75:25, more preferably from 65:35 to 70:30. 40. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-39, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material, the particulate support material preferably being selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3, and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, and / or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably SiO2-doped Al2O3, or Al2O3, or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, the Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably containing 1 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 4 to 6 wt. %, Mn oxide, calculated as MnO2 and based on 100 wt. % Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3. 41. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-40, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third washcoat layer. 42. The catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprises a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12 rings, more preferably zeolite beta, and the third washcoat layer preferably has a pore size of 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 3 42. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-41, comprising a hydrocarbon capture material in an amount ranging from 43. The first washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprising a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12 rings, more preferably zeolite beta, and the first washcoat layer preferably has a pore size of 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 343. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-42, comprising a hydrocarbon capture material in an amount ranging from 44. The second washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprising a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12 rings, more preferably zeolite beta, and the second washcoat layer preferably has a pore size of 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 3 44. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-43, comprising a hydrocarbon capture material in an amount ranging from 45. The catalyst of any one of embodiments 42 to 44, wherein the hydrocarbon capture material comprises a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, comprises SiO2 and Al2O3, and wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1. 46. ​​The catalyst of embodiment 45, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, comprises Fe, and the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably comprises Fe in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 7.0 wt. %, more preferably 3.0 to 5.0 wt. %, more preferably 4.0 to 4.5 wt. %, calculated as Fe2O3 and based on the weight of the molecular sieve. 47. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer and a second washcoat layer, the first washcoat layer being provided on the substrate, and the second washcoat layer being provided on the first washcoat layer. 48. The catalyst of embodiment 47, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the second washcoat layer, preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the second washcoat layer. 49. The catalyst of embodiment 47 or 48, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the first washcoat layer, preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the first washcoat layer. 50. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, and wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer, wherein the first washcoat layer is provided on a substrate, the second washcoat layer is provided on the first washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer is provided on the second washcoat layer. 51. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, and wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer, wherein the first washcoat layer is provided on a substrate, the third washcoat layer is provided on the first washcoat layer, and the second washcoat layer is provided on the third washcoat layer. 52. The catalyst of embodiment 50, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the length of the fourth washcoat layer is less than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer. 53. The catalyst of embodiment 50, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the third washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the length of the fourth washcoat layer is less than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer. 54. The catalyst of embodiment 52 or 53, wherein the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer are adjacent to each other. 55. The catalyst of any of embodiments 50-54, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer and / or the fourth washcoat layer, preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer. 56. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, wherein the second washcoat layer is provided on the substrate along its axial length starting from an inlet end of the substrate, and the first washcoat layer is provided on the substrate along its axial length starting from an outlet end of the substrate, and wherein the length of the first washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the second washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer. 57. The catalyst of embodiment 56, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the second washcoat layer, preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the second washcoat layer. 58. The catalyst of embodiment 56 or 57, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the first washcoat layer, preferably the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the first washcoat layer. 59. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56-58, wherein the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer are adjacent to one another. 60. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56-58, wherein a portion of the second washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the first washcoat layer, preferably the second washcoat layer overlaps the first washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the first washcoat layer. 61. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an inlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an outlet end of the substrate, and the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the first washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, and the one or more platinum group metals being at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer. 62. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an outlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an inlet end of the substrate, and the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the first washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and an upstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, and the one or more platinum group metals being at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer. 63. The catalyst of embodiment 61 or 62, wherein the first washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to each other. 64. The catalyst of any of embodiments 61-63, wherein the second washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to one another. 65. The catalyst of any of embodiments 61-63, wherein a portion of the first washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and preferably the first washcoat layer overlaps the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer. 66. The catalyst of any of embodiments 61-63, wherein a portion of the second washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and preferably the second washcoat layer overlaps the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer. 67. The catalyst of any of embodiments 61-63, wherein a portion of the third washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the second washcoat layer, and preferably the third washcoat layer overlaps the second washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the second washcoat layer. 68. The catalyst of embodiment 67, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate at least partially along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the length of the fourth washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer. 69. The catalyst of embodiment 67, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate at least partially along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the length of the fourth washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer. 70. The catalyst of embodiment 68 or 69, wherein the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer are adjacent to each other. 71. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an inlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an outlet end of the substrate, the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the third washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, and the one or more platinum group metals being at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer. 72. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an outlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer being disposed on the substrate along its axial length starting from an inlet end of the substrate, the second washcoat layer being disposed on and completely covering the first washcoat layer, the length of the third washcoat layer being shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and an upstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, and the one or more platinum group metals being at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer. 73. The catalyst of embodiment 71 or 72, wherein the first washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to each other. 74. The catalyst of any of embodiments 71-73, wherein the second washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to one another. 75. The catalyst of any of embodiments 71-73, wherein a portion of the first washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and preferably the first washcoat layer overlaps the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer. 76. The catalyst of any of embodiments 71-73, wherein a portion of the second washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the third washcoat layer, and preferably the second washcoat layer overlaps the third washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the third washcoat layer. 77. The catalyst of any of embodiments 71-73, wherein a portion of the third washcoat layer overlaps at least a portion of the second washcoat layer, and preferably the third washcoat layer overlaps the second washcoat layer over a portion in the range of 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 50% of the axial length of the second washcoat layer. 78. The catalyst of embodiment 71, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, and wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, wherein the third washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer is disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and wherein the length of the fourth washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer. 79. The catalyst of embodiment 72, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, the third washcoat layer being at least partially disposed on the substrate along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the fourth washcoat layer being disposed on the second washcoat layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the length of the fourth washcoat layer is less than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the fourth washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer. 80. The catalyst of embodiment 78 or 79, wherein the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer are adjacent to each other. 81. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56-80, wherein the length of the first washcoat layer is in the range of 5 to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10 to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably 30 to 80%, more preferably 45 to 75%, more preferably 50 to 70%. 82. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56-81, wherein the length of the second washcoat layer is in the range of 5 to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10 to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably 30 to 80%, more preferably 45 to 75%, more preferably 50 to 70%. 83. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56-82, wherein the length of the third washcoat layer is in the range of 10-90%, preferably 30-80%, more preferably 45-75%, more preferably 50-70% of the axial length of the substrate. 84. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56-82, wherein the length of the third washcoat layer ranges from 10 to 90%, preferably from 20 to 60%, and more preferably from 35 to 45% of the axial length of the substrate. 85. The catalyst of any of embodiments 53-84, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth washcoat layer, and the length of the fourth washcoat layer is in the range of 10-90%, preferably 30-70%, more preferably 45-55%, more preferably 49-51% of the axial length of the substrate. 86. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-85, wherein the fourth washcoat layer is substantially free of sulfur trapping material, preferably, the fourth washcoat layer is free of sulfur trapping material. 87. The fourth washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprising a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12-membered rings, more preferably zeolite beta, the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably comprising SiO2 and Al2O3, the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably having a molecular weight ratio of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1; 87. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-86, having a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 more preferably in the range of 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, and wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains Fe, and the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably contains Fe in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 7.0 wt. %, more preferably 3.0 to 5.0 wt. %, more preferably 4.0 to 4.5 wt. %, calculated as Fe2O3 and based on the weight of the molecular sieve. 88. The loading of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the fourth washcoat layer is 0.01 to 2.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 g / in 3 in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 g / in 3 88. The catalyst of embodiment 87, wherein 89. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-88, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the fourth washcoat layer. 90. The catalyst of embodiment 89, wherein one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material, the particulate support material preferably being selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3, and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, and / or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably SiO2-doped Al2O3, or Al2O3, or Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3, the Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably containing 1 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 4 to 6 wt. %, Mn oxide, calculated as MnO2 and based on 100 wt. % Mn-oxide-doped Al2O3. 91. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-90, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer and a fourth washcoat layer, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, wherein the weight ratio of the one or more platinum group metals in the third washcoat layer to the one or more platinum group metals in the fourth washcoat layer is in the range of 0.5:1 to 5.0:1, more preferably 1.0:1 to 2.0:1, more preferably 1.4:1 to 1.6:1, wherein the one or more platinum group metals in the third washcoat layer preferably comprise, more preferably consist of, Pt and Pd, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals in the fourth washcoat layer preferably comprise, more preferably consist of, Pt and Pd. 92. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56-91, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are contained entirely in the third washcoat layer and / or the optional fourth washcoat layer. 93. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-92, wherein the substrate is a metallic substrate or a ceramic substrate, preferably the substrate is a ceramic substrate, more preferably the substrate comprises cordierite and / or SiC, preferably cordierite, more preferably the substrate consists of cordierite and / or SiC, preferably cordierite. 94. The catalyst of any of embodiments 56 to 93, wherein the substrate consists of two separate monoliths, the first monolith being provided upstream of the second monolith, and wherein the upstream zone washcoat layer or layers are contained on the first monolith and the downstream zone washcoat layer or layers are contained on the second monolith, preferably the first monolith containing the upstream zone washcoat layer or layers and the second monolith containing the downstream zone washcoat layer or layers are obtained or obtainable by compartmentalizing the catalyst according to any of embodiments 55 to 88 into two separate monoliths, wherein the upstream zone washcoat layer or layers are contained on the first monolith and the downstream zone washcoat layer or layers are contained on the second monolith. 95. The catalyst of any of embodiments 1-94, wherein the exhaust gas stream contains hydrocarbons, preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons. 96. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas conduit for exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas conduit contains one or more catalysts according to any of embodiments 1-95, preferably one, two, three, or four catalysts according to any of embodiments 1-95. 97. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 96, wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine, preferably a diesel engine. 98. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 96 or 97, wherein the internal combustion engine is a lean gasoline engine. 99. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 96, wherein the internal combustion engine is powered by an oxygenated fuel, and the oxygenated fuel preferably comprises one or more of methanol and biofuel. 100. The exhaust gas treatment system of any of embodiments 96-99, wherein the system includes one or more of an electric heater, a fuel burner, a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC). 101. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. 102. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. 103. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 104. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. 105. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, and wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 106. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. 107. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 108. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, and wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 109. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, optionally comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 110. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 111. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 112. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95, and wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 113. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 114. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, optionally comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 115. The exhaust gas treatment system of embodiment 100, comprising, in sequential order in the direction of the exhaust gas, optionally an electric heater or fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1 to 95, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst. 116. A method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the method comprising: (A) providing an exhaust gas stream comprising one or more of formaldehyde and hydrocarbons; (B) directing the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95. 117. The method of embodiment 116, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises one or more sulfur-containing compounds, preferably SO2 and / or SO3. 118.(A) The exhaust gas flow provided by NO x 118. The method of embodiment 116 or 117, comprising: 119. The method of any of embodiments 116-118, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises CO. 120. The method of any of embodiments 116-119, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) comprises hydrocarbons, preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons. 121. Use of a catalyst according to any of embodiments 1-95 for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas stream, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a compression ignition engine, more preferably for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a diesel engine.

[0128] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.

[0129] Experimental Section Comparative Example 1: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons The catalysts were prepared by separately coating platinum group metal (PGM)-containing front zone segments and base metal oxide (BMO)-containing rear zone segments onto 1-inch diameter cordierite honeycomb substrates, then sequentially combining the coated cores for subsequent S-aging and testing. Using techniques known in the art, a solution containing Pt (using an aqueous solution containing an amine-stabilized hydroxo Pt(IV) complex, with a Pt content ranging from 10 to 20 wt. %), Pd (using Pd nitrate), beta zeolite, and 5 wt. % silica was first prepared in approximately 150 ml. 2 / g and a BET surface area of ​​approximately 0.6 cm 3The anterior zone segment was prepared by combining a commercially available alumina support powder with a pore volume of 10 ... 3 The washcoat loading of the PGM-containing layer was 2.9 g / in 3 The first contained 91 wt. % alumina and 9 wt. % beta zeolite. The second contained 9 wt. % La2O3 and was approximately 75 m 2 The BMO-containing rear zone segment was prepared by combining a commercially available zirconia support powder having a BET surface area of ​​10000 / g with a solution of Mn nitrate and Ce nitrate in deionized (Di) water. The resulting mixture was ground to a particle size suitable for coating, after which a boehmite-alumina binder was added. The resulting slurry was then coated onto a 1-inch diameter x 1.8-inch long cordierite substrate, which was dried and then fired at 590°C for 1 hour. The total washcoat loading of the BMO-containing layer was 2.3 g / in of monolith volume, containing 9.2 wt% Mn, 9.2 wt% Ce, 3 wt% alumina binder, and the remainder La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. 3 It was.

[0130] Example 2: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared identically to that described in Comparative Example 1, except that a topcoat containing FeO-AlO (containing 30 wt. % FeO) was applied onto the Mn-containing rear zone segment. 2 / g BET surface area and approximately 0.5 cm 3The topcoat was prepared by dispersing commercially available alumina support powder with a pore volume of 1.0 g / g in deionized (DI) water. The resulting mixture was milled to a particle size suitable for coating, followed by the addition of Fe2O3 powder with a particle size less than 5 μm and a boehmite alumina binder. The resulting slurry was then coated onto a 1-inch diameter x 1.8-inch long cordierite substrate previously coated with a Mn-containing composition, dried, and then fired at 590°C for 1 hour. The total washcoat loading of the topcoat was 1.0 g / in of monolith volume, comprising 29 wt% Fe2O3, 3 wt% Al2O3 binder, and the remainder Al2O3 support. 3 It was.

[0131] Example 3: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 2, except that a topcoat containing LaO-ZrO (containing 9 wt. % LaO) instead of FeO-AlO was applied onto the Mn-containing rear zone segment. The topcoat was prepared by first dispersing the same 9 wt. % LaO-ZrO support powder used to prepare the bottom coat in deionized (DI) water, grinding the resulting mixture to a particle size suitable for coating, and then adding a boehmite-alumina binder. The resulting slurry was then coated onto a 1-inch diameter by 1.8-inch long cordierite substrate previously coated with the Mn-containing composition, dried, and then calcined at 590°C for 1 hour. The total washcoat loading of the topcoat was 1.0 g / in of monolith volume, containing 3 wt. % AlO binder and the remainder being LaO-stabilized ZrO. 3 It was.

[0132] Example 4: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared similarly to that described in Example 3, except that no Ce was added to the bottom coat and Fe2O3 was added to the top coat. The total washcoat loading of the bottom coat was 2.8 g / in of monolith volume, containing 10 wt% Mn, 3 wt% alumina binder, and the remainder La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. 3 The total washcoat loading of the topcoat was 1.0 g / in of monolith volume, containing 48.5 wt.% Fe2O3, 48.5 wt.% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2, and 3 wt.% Al2O3 binder. 3 It was.

[0133] Example 5: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared that included three layers covering the entire 3-inch length of the substrate, rather than two adjacent zones. A bottom layer comprising 10 wt. % Mn and 10 wt. % Ce supported on 9 wt. % La2O3-stabilized ZrO2, and a middle layer comprising 29 wt. % Fe2O3 supported on Al2O3, were prepared in the same manner as the two coats in the rear zone of the catalyst from Example 2. A top coat comprising Pt-Pd supported on 5 wt. % SiO2-Al2O3 was prepared in the same manner as the front zone of the catalysts from Examples 1-4, except that it did not contain beta zeolite. The total washcoat loading of the top coat was 1.2 g / in 3 where the Pt-Pd weight ratio was 2:1 and the total Pt-Pd loading was 30 g / ft of monolith volume. 3 It was.

[0134] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons Catalysts were prepared by separately coating the PGM-containing front zone segment and the BMO-containing rear zone segment onto a 1-inch diameter cordierite honeycomb substrate, then combining the coated cores consecutively for subsequent S-aging and testing. A 1.2-inch long front zone segment was prepared in the same manner as described in Comparative Example 1. First, a 1.2-inch long, approximately 75-m long, 9-wt.% La2O3-containing zeolite was used. 2 A 1.8-inch long BMO-containing aft zone segment was prepared by combining a commercially available zirconia support powder with a BET surface area of ​​1.9 g / g with a solution of Mn nitrate, Cu nitrate, and Ce nitrate in deionized (Di) water. The resulting mixture was ground to a particle size suitable for coating, followed by the addition of a boehmite-alumina binder. The resulting slurry was then coated onto a 1-inch diameter x 1.8-inch long cordierite substrate, which was dried and then fired at 590°C for 1 hour. The total washcoat loading was 1.9 g / in of monolith volume, containing 8.7 wt% Mn, 8.7 wt% Cu, 8.7 wt% Ce, 3 wt% Al2O3 binder, and the remainder La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. 3 It was.

[0135] Example 7: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in Comparative Example 6, except that a topcoat containing 9 wt. % La2O3 supported on ZrO2 was applied onto the Mn-containing rear zone segment. The topcoat was prepared in the same manner as the topcoat described in Example 3. The total washcoat loading of the topcoat was 1.1 g / in of monolith volume, containing 3 wt. % Al2O3 binder and the remainder La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. 3 It was.

[0136] Example 8: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in Comparative Example 6, except that a topcoat was applied onto the Mn-containing aft zone segment, the topcoat comprising 0.1 wt. % Pt impregnated onto 9 wt. % La2O3 supported on ZrO2, before being dispersed in water, ground, and coated onto the Mn-containing bottom coat. The Pt loading on the 1.8 inch long aft zone core was 2 g / ft of monolith volume. 2 It was.

[0137] Example 9: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in Comparative Example 1, except that a topcoat containing 10 wt. % La2O3 supported on commercially available rare earth oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 was applied onto the Mn-containing rear zone segment. First, a 22 wt. % CeO2, 68 wt. % ZrO2, 5 wt. % La2O3, 3 wt. % Y2O3, and 2 wt. % Nd2O3 solution was prepared. 2 The topcoat was prepared by dispersing ceria-zirconia support powder with a BET surface area of ​​100000 / g in deionized (DI) water. The resulting mixture was ground to a particle size suitable for coating, followed by the addition of lanthanum nitrate and zirconium acetate binders. The resulting slurry was then coated onto a 1-inch diameter x 1.8-inch long cordierite substrate previously coated with a Mn-containing composition, dried, and then fired at 590°C for 1 hour. The total washcoat loading of the topcoat was 2.1 g / in of monolith volume, comprising 10 wt.% added La2O3, 2.4 wt.% ZrO2 binder, and the remainder being the rare earth oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 support. 3 It was.

[0138] Example 10: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 9, except that the rare earth oxide-doped CeO-ZrO support used in the topcoat of the rear zone segment contained 86 wt. % CeO, 10 wt. % ZrO, and 4 wt. % LaO. The total washcoat loading of the topcoat was 2.1 g / in of monolith volume, comprising 10 wt. % added LaO, 3 wt. % ZrO binder, and the remainder being the rare earth oxide-doped CeO-ZrO support. 3 It was.

[0139] Example 11: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 2, except that the front and rear zones were reversed (i.e., the Mn-containing zone was located in the front and the Pt-Pd-containing zone was located in the rear).

[0140] Example 12: Catalyst Aging and Testing Sulfur aging (S-aging) of the catalysts of Comparative Examples 1 and 6, and Examples 2-5, 7-8, and 11 was accomplished by exposing them to the exhaust of a diesel engine operating on fuel containing 325 ppm S by weight. A 1-inch by 3-inch catalyst core sample was loaded into a ceramic monolith holder and placed in the engine exhaust stream downstream of a burner DOC, which was used to increase the exhaust temperature for periodic desulfation events. During sulfation, the exhaust temperature at the inlet to the catalyst core sample was maintained at 315°C, and the flow through the catalyst, measured as space velocity, was 61,000 hr. The exposure time under these conditions was 180 minutes, corresponding to a target S exposure of 2 g(S) / L of monolith volume. Desulfation was achieved by increasing the temperature in front of the catalyst core sample to 650 or 700°C for 30 minutes by injecting diesel fuel in front of the burner DOC upstream of the catalyst. A total of five complete sulfation and desulfation cycles were achieved.

[0141] After sulfation and desulfation, 180 ppm NO, 1000 ppm CO, 25 ppm HCHO, 100 ppm C1 from C2H4, C 10 H 22 The samples were tested for formaldehyde (HCHO) light-off performance using a feed containing 190 ppm Cl, 10% O, 10% HO, and 10% CO from a catalyst. The flow through the catalyst, as measured by space velocity, was 50,000 / hr. The samples were placed in a reactor and first equilibrated in flowing air at 80°C. The formaldehyde-containing feed was then introduced, and a temperature ramp to 300°C was initiated at a rate of 15°C / min. Formaldehyde concentration was monitored by FTIR during the light-off ramp, and conversion performance versus temperature was then calculated from these measurements.

[0142] The results of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 2-3 after desulfation at 650°C are shown in Figure 3. The catalysts of Examples 2-3, which utilize an S-adsorbent top layer in the rear zone containing either 29 wt% Fe2O3-Al2O3 or 9 wt% La2O3-ZrO2, respectively, exhibited higher formaldehyde oxidation performance. The best performance was achieved with Example 2, which contained a 29 wt% Fe2O3-Al2O3 top coat.

[0143] The results after desulfation at 700°C for the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 2, 4, and 5 are shown in Figure 4. For the catalysts of Examples 2, 4, and 5, which contained an S-adsorbent layer coated on the Mn-containing layer, the formaldehyde oxidation performance was higher after sulfation / desulfation. The best performance was achieved by the catalysts of Examples 2 and 5, which contained a mixture of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 in the S-adsorbent layer.

[0144] The results after 700°C desulfation for Comparative Example 6 and Examples 7-8 are shown in Figure 5. For the catalysts of Examples 7-8, which utilize rear-zone S-adsorbent top layers containing either 9 wt% La2O3-ZrO2 or 0.1 wt% Pt doped on 9 wt% La2O3-ZrO2, respectively, formaldehyde oxidation performance was higher after sulfation / desulfation. The best performance was achieved with the Pt-doped top coat.

[0145] The results after desulfation at 700°C for Comparative Example 1 and Example 11 are shown in Figure 7. For the catalyst of Example 11, which further contained a S adsorbent top layer in front of the Mn-containing zone and a Pt-Pd zone behind it, the formaldehyde oxidation performance was higher after sulfation / desulfation.

[0146] Example 13: Catalyst Aging and Testing Sulfur aging (S-aging) of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 2, 9, and 10 was accomplished in a laboratory reactor at 300°C in a feed containing 15 ppm SO, 150 ppm NO, 10% O, and 5% HO. The flow through the catalyst, measured as space velocity, was 35,000 / hr. The exposure time was 88 minutes, corresponding to a target S exposure of 1 g(S) / L of monolith volume. Desulfation was achieved at 650°C under isothermal conditions for 30 minutes in a feed containing 10% O and 5% HO. The flow through the catalyst, measured by space velocity, was 32,000 / hr. After sulfation and desulfation, the samples were tested for formaldehyde (HCHO) light-off performance as described above. The results are shown in Figure 6. Performance was much higher for all three catalysts, Examples 2, 9-10, which contained an S-adsorbent top layer.

[0147] Example 14: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons Catalyst samples were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 5, but on two 6.5-inch diameter honeycomb monoliths with lengths of either 3.25 inches or 4.75 inches. The catalyst composition of both coated monoliths was identical, with a Pt-Pd loading of 30 g / ft on each. 3 Therefore, the average Pt-Pd loading on the two coated catalysts was also 30 g / ft 3 It was.

[0148] Example 15: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons The Pt-Pd loading on the shorter coated monolith was 50 g / ft 3 and the Pt-Pd loading on the longer coated monolith was 30 g / ft 3 Catalyst samples were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 14, except that the average Pt-Pd loading on the two coated catalysts was 38 g / ft. 3 It was.

[0149] Example 16: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons The Pt-Pd loading of the shorter coated monolith was 75 g / ft 3 and the Pt-Pd loading on the longer coated monolith was 30 g / ft 3 Catalyst samples were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 14, except that the average Pt-Pd loading on the two coated catalysts was 48 g / ft. 3 It was.

[0150] Example 17: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons Catalyst samples containing only PGM (i.e., no BMO) were prepared on two 6.5 inch diameter honeycomb monoliths with lengths of either 3.25 inches or 4.75 inches in the same manner as in the front zone described in Comparative Example 1. The Pt-Pd loading on the shorter monolith was 150 g / ft 3 and the Pt-Pd loading on the longer coated monolith was 105 g / ft 3 The average Pt-Pd loading on the two coated catalysts was 123 g / ft 3 It was.

[0151] Example 18: Catalyst Aging and Testing The coated monolith pairs of Examples 14-16 and Comparative Example 17 were subjected to continuous, steady-state, high-temperature and sulfur aging on a diesel engine. 50 hours of high-temperature aging was achieved by separately placing each pair (shorter one in front of longer one) in the exhaust stream downstream of the engine, operating the engine to achieve an inlet temperature of approximately 300°C to the first catalyst, injecting sufficient diesel fuel in front of the first catalyst to achieve a temperature of 700°C at the outlet of the second catalyst, and then maintaining these conditions for a total of 50 hours.

[0152] After high-temperature aging, cyclic sulfation and desulfation aging of the catalysts was achieved by separately placing each pair (shorter in front of longer) in the exhaust stream downstream of a diesel engine and operating the engine with fuel containing 206 ppm S by weight. During sulfation, the exhaust temperature at the inlet to the first catalyst downstream of the engine was maintained at 315°C. This condition was maintained until a target S exposure of 2 g (S) / L of the total volume of the two coated monoliths was achieved. Desulfation was achieved by injecting enough diesel fuel in front of the first catalyst to achieve a temperature of 700°C at the outlet of the second catalyst, and then maintaining this condition for a total of 30 minutes. Overall, 10 complete sulfation-desulfation cycles were achieved, corresponding to approximately 20,000 miles of road driving. Combined high temperature and sulfate-desulfate aging was similarly accomplished for the coated monolith pair of Comparative Example 17, with the following differences: for the high temperature portion, the aging temperature was 750°C and the aging time was 86 hours, and for the sulfate-desulfate portion, the number of cycles was 20 (equivalent to approximately 40,000 miles of road driving).

[0153] After continuous high-temperature and sulfate-desulfate aging, pairs of coated monoliths from Examples 14-16 and Comparative Example 17 were tested for catalytic performance in a 6.7-liter diesel engine. Catalyst samples were mounted in the engine's exhaust, and emissions of HCHO, CO, hydrocarbons (HC), NO, and NO2 were monitored at the outlet of the second catalyst while running the industry-standard FTP-75 emissions test cycle. All examples contain monoliths coated with two catalysts, and in most cases, the PGM loading of the first coated monolith is higher than that of the second coated monolith. Comparative Example 17 contains only PGM, while Examples 14-16 contain both BMO and PGM, and have a much lower total PGM loading than Comparative Example 17. All BMO examples contain an S-adsorbent layer containing 30% Fe2O3-Al2O3 coated on a Mn-containing catalyst layer. The results are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0154] [Table 1]

[0155] Despite somewhat more severe aging conditions than those used in the PGM-only Comparative Example 17, the benefit of the BMO catalyst with the S trapping layer was very significant. As expected, the weighted FTP-75 HCHO oxide emissions of all three BMO DOC catalyst combinations were significantly lower than those of Example 14 at 30 g / ft 3 Even at the lowest average PGM loading of 123 g / ft for Comparative Example 17 3(vs. Comparative Example 17). However, hydrocarbon (HC) oxidation performance was also surprisingly improved with the BMO catalysts. Notably, weighted FTP-75HC total emissions were lower for Example 16, less than half the average total PGM loading relative to Comparative Example 17. Similarly, NO oxidation performance was significantly improved with the BMO catalysts of Examples 14-16. After warm-up during phases 1 and 2 of the FTP-75 test cycle, the NO / NO ratios measured for all three BMO catalyst pairs were nearly twice that of the PGM-only Comparative Example 17. Even BMO Example 14, which had one-quarter the PGM, performed better. It is clear that the inclusion of a BMO catalyst with an S-adsorbent layer can enable a significant reduction in the PGM content of a diesel oxidation catalyst.

[0156] Example 19: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A zoned catalyst sample containing only PGMs (i.e., no BMO) was prepared in the same manner as the front zone of Comparative Example 1. Both the front and rear zones contained PGMs, but excluded BMO and zeolite. In the 1.2 inch front zone, the Pt-Pd loading was 60 g / ft 3 and the Pt to Pd weight ratio was 4 to 1. In the 1.8 inch aft zone, the Pt-Pd loading was 10 g / ft 3 and the weight ratio of Pt to Pd was 5:1. The average Pt-Pd loading, including the front and rear zones combined, was 30 g / ft 3 and the average weight ratio of Pt to Pd was 4.6:1.

[0157] Example 20: Catalyst Testing for Fuel Combustion Light-Off Performance Prior to testing for fuel combustion light-off performance, samples coated with the catalysts from Example 2 and Comparative Examples 6 and 19 were subjected to sequential hydrothermal, sulfation, and desulfation aging. Hydrothermal aging was first achieved in a laboratory reactor at 650°C for 50 hours in the presence of 10% steam / air. The gas flow through the catalyst, expressed as space velocity, was 31,000 / hr. The catalyst samples were then subjected to sulfation and desulfation in the laboratory reactor, as described in Example 13. Fuel combustion performance was then measured in the laboratory reactor using a reactant gas composition containing 1% diesel fuel (10,000 ppm C1), 1000 ppm NO, 10% O, and 8% HO. The temperature and hydrocarbon concentration of the gas exiting the catalyst were monitored while the inlet temperature to the catalyst was increased from 210°C to 450°C at 10°C / min. The gas flow through the catalyst, expressed as space velocity, was 104,000 / hr.

[0158] As shown in Figure 8, diesel fuel light-off was faster for the PGM-only Comparative Example 19, but HC slip at temperatures above 330°C was lower for the BMO-containing Examples 2 and 6. This is an important advantage as it allows vehicle manufacturers to reduce vehicle HC emissions, thereby making it easier to meet stricter emission regulations.

[0159] Compared to state-of-the-art reference Pt-Pd catalysts, DOC compositions containing both platinum group metal (PGM) oxide catalysts and base metal oxide catalysts have been demonstrated to improve fuel combustion light-off performance after combined high-temperature (650°C) and sulfation-desulfation aging. In particular, hydrocarbon slip was found to be lower with the BMO-containing catalyst. This allows vehicle manufacturers to meet ever-tightening vehicle emissions standards while also reducing overall PGM usage and costs.

[0160] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9, the exotherm generated during light-off of 1% diesel fuel was significantly higher when the Mn-based BMO (base metal oxide) rear zone of Example 2 was combined with the Pt-Pd front zone compared to when the Pt-Pd front zone was tested by itself. Example 2 includes both PGM (front zone) and Mn-based BMO (rear zone). This demonstrates that BMO has significant HC oxidation activity during conditions typically used to regenerate diesel particulate filters (DPFs) or catalyzed soot filters (CSFs). This is a significant advantage because it allows vehicle manufacturers to reduce PGM usage and costs while simultaneously meeting stricter emissions regulations.

[0161] Example 21: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst was prepared containing four layers covering the entire 3.3 inch length of the substrate.

[0162] The bottom layer was provided on the cordierite substrate over its entire length. As the BMO-containing layer in the rear zone of the catalyst according to Comparative Example 1, therefore, 0.9 g / in 3 A bottom layer containing 10 wt. % Mn and 10 wt. % Ce supported on 9 wt. % La2O3-stabilized ZrO2 was prepared, with a washcoat loading of 10 wt. % Mn and 10 wt. % Ce applied.

[0163] The intermediate layer was applied over its entire length on the bottom layer. As a topcoat for the rear zone of the catalyst according to Example 2, an intermediate layer was therefore prepared comprising 29 wt. % Fe2O3 supported on Al2O3. The washcoat loading of the intermediate layer was 0.5 g / in 3 and 0.15 g / in 3 of Fe2O3 and 0.35g / in 3 It contained Al2O3.

[0164] First, using techniques known in the art, a mixture of Pt (using an aqueous solution containing an amine-stabilized hydroxo Pt(IV) complex, the solution having a Pt content in the range of 10-20 wt. %), Pd (using Pd nitrate), and Fe-containing zeolite beta was dissolved in approximately 150 ml of water. 2 / g and a BET surface area of ​​approximately 1.0 cm 3 The inlet topcoat layer was prepared by combining a commercially available alumina support powder with a pore volume of 10 ... 3 The washcoat loading of the inlet topcoat PGM-containing layer was 1.8 g / in 3 and 1.0 g / in 3 Pt-Pd supported on alumina at 0.8 g / in 3 The Fe-containing zeolite beta was contained.

[0165] First, using techniques known in the art, Pt (using an aqueous solution containing an amine-stabilized hydroxo Pt(IV) complex, the solution having a Pt content in the range of 10-20 wt. %), Pd (using Pd nitrate), and approximately 150 ml 2 / g BET surface area and approximately 0.75 cm 3 The outlet topcoat layer was prepared by combining a commercially available alumina support powder containing 5% by weight of Mn oxide and a pore volume of 10 ...3 The washcoat loading of the outlet topcoat PGM-containing layer was 1.0 g / in 3 It was.

[0166] Example 22: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst containing four layers was prepared.

[0167] The bottom layer was applied to the cordierite substrate from the outlet side along 70% of its length. The bottom layer was prepared as in Example 21, except that the washcoat was 1.3 g / in. 3 was applied at a loading of 0.05g.

[0168] The middle layer was applied on the bottom layer, spanning 70% of the substrate length from the outlet side. It consisted of 29 wt. % FeO supported on AlO, but was washcoated at 0.73 g / in. 3 applied at a loading of 0.22 g / in 3 of Fe2O3 and 0.51 g / in 3 An intermediate layer containing Al2O3 was prepared as in Example 21.

[0169] The inlet topcoat layer was prepared according to Example 21. The inlet topcoat was provided over 50% of the length of the substrate from the inlet side of the substrate, thus covering part of the substrate and part of the intermediate layer. The Pt-Pd weight ratio was 2.5:1, and the total loading of Pt and Pd was 126.5 g / ft 3 The washcoat loading of the inlet topcoat PGM-containing layer was 1.8 g / in 3 and 1.0 g / in 3 Pt-Pd supported on alumina at 0.8 g / in 3 The Fe-containing zeolite beta was contained.

[0170] The outlet topcoat layer was prepared according to Example 21.

[0171] Example 23: Preparation of a catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons A catalyst containing four layers was prepared.

[0172] The bottom layer was applied to the cordierite substrate from the outlet side along 50% of its length. The bottom layer was prepared as in Example 21, except that the washcoat was 1.8 g / in. 3 was applied at a loading of 0.05g.

[0173] The middle layer was applied on the bottom layer, spanning 50% of the substrate length from the outlet side. It consisted of 29 wt. % FeO supported on AlO, but the washcoat was 1.0 g / in 3 applied at a loading of 0.3g / in 3 of Fe2O3 and 0.7g / in 3 An intermediate layer containing Al2O3 was prepared as in Example 21.

[0174] The inlet topcoat layer was prepared according to Example 21. The inlet topcoat was applied from the inlet side of the substrate over 50% of the length of the substrate, thus partially covering the substrate. The Pt-Pd weight ratio was 2.5:1, and the total loading of Pt and Pd was 126.5 g / ft 3 The washcoat loading of the inlet topcoat PGM-containing layer was 2.3 g / in 3 and 1.5 g / in 3 Pt-Pd supported on alumina at 0.8 g / in 3 The Fe-containing zeolite beta was contained.

[0175] The outlet topcoat layer was prepared according to Example 21. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0176] [Figure 1]Thermogravimetric (TG) curves of sulfated divalent metals in flowing high-purity nitrogen at a heating rate of 2°C / min are shown (Tagawa, H., Thermochimica Acta,

[80] , 1984, 23-33). [Figure 2] Thermogravimetry (TG) curves of sulfates of trivalent and tetravalent metals in high purity nitrogen flowing at a heating rate of 2°C / min are shown (Tagawa, H., Thermo-chimica Acta,

[80] , 1984, 23-33). [Figure 3] This figure shows the formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation performance of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 2 and 3 after sulfation and desulfation at 650°C. All samples contained a 75 g / ft3 2:1 Pt-Pd front zone and a rear zone containing 10 wt% Mn and 10 wt% Ce supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. In addition, the catalyst of Example 2 contained an S-adsorbent layer in the rear zone containing 29 wt% Fe2O3-Al2O3 coated on the Mn-containing catalyst layer, and Example 3 contained an S-adsorbent layer in the rear zone containing 9% La2O3-ZrO2 coated on the Mn-containing layer. [Figure 4]The formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation performance of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 2, 4, and 5 after sulfated and desulfated at 700°C is shown. Example 2 included a 75 g / ft3 2:1 Pt-Pd front zone and a dual-coated rear zone with a bottom layer of 10 wt% Mn and 10 wt% Ce supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2 and a top layer of 29 wt% Fe2O3 supported on Al2O3. Example 4 included a 75 g / ft3 2:1 Pt-Pd front zone and a rear zone with a bottom coat of 10 wt% Mn supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2 and a top coat of 48.5 wt% Fe2O3 supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. Example 5 had three layers: a bottom layer of 10 wt. % Mn and 10 wt. % Ce supported on 9 wt. % La2O3-stabilized ZrO2, a middle layer of 29 wt. % Fe2O3 supported on Al2O3, and a top coat of Pt-Pd in ​​a 2:1 weight ratio and 75 g / ft3 loading supported on 5 wt. % SiO2-Al2O3. [Figure 5] This figure shows the formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation performance of the catalysts of Comparative Example 6 and Examples 7 and 8 after sulfation and desulfation at 700°C. All samples contained a 75 g / ft3 2:1 Pt-Pd front zone and a rear zone containing 10 wt% Mn, 10 wt% Ce, and 10 wt% Cu supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. In addition, the catalyst of Example 7 contained an S-adsorbent layer in the rear zone containing 9 wt% La2O3-Al2O3 coated on the Mn-containing catalyst layer, while the catalyst of Example 8 contained an S-adsorbent layer in the rear zone containing 0.5 wt% Pt impregnated on the 9 wt% La2O3-ZrO2 before coating on the Mn-containing layer. [Figure 6]This figure shows the formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation performance of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 2, 9, and 10 after sulfation and desulfation at 650°C. All samples contained a 75 g / ft3 2:1 Pt-Pd front zone and a rear zone containing 10 wt% Mn and 10 wt% Ce supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. In addition, the catalyst of Example 2 contained an S-adsorbent layer in the rear zone containing 29 wt% Fe2O3-Al2O3 coated on the Mn-containing catalyst layer, while the catalysts of Examples 9 and 10 contained an S-adsorbent layer in the rear zone containing 10 wt% La2O3 supported on a rare earth oxide-doped CeO2-ZrO2 support coated on the Mn-containing layer. [Figure 7] Figure 1 shows the formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation performance of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Example 11 after sulfated and desulfated at 700°C. Comparative Example 1 contained a 75 g / ft3 2:1 Pt-Pd front zone and a rear zone containing 10 wt% Mn and 10 wt% Ce supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. Example 11 contained the same zones as Example 1, except for the reverse orientation. [Figure 8] 1 shows HC slip results (in ppm) measured downstream of DOC samples during 1% diesel fuel light-off tests in a laboratory reactor. Comparative Example 19 contains only PGMs, while Example 2 and Comparative Example 6 contain both PGMs and BMOs (base metal oxides). [Figure 9] 1 shows the exotherm results of Example 2 and only the Pt-Pd front zone of Example 2 tested by itself, measured downstream of a DOC sample during a 1% diesel fuel light-off test in a laboratory reactor.

[0177] References -International Publication No. 2022 / 047132(A1) -US Patent No. 10,598,061(B2) -US Patent No. 10,392,980(B2) -U.S. Patent Application No. 2015 / 352493(A1) -U.S. Patent Application No. 2022 / 152589(A1) -China Patent No. 112805089(A)

Claims

1. 1. A catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, said catalyst comprising: a first washcoat layer containing Mn; a second washcoat layer comprising a sulfur trapping material capable of being desulfated; A substrate, the substrate having an inlet end through which the exhaust gas stream may enter the catalyst and an outlet end through which the exhaust gas stream may exit the catalyst, wherein the exhaust gas stream flowing through the catalyst first contacts the second washcoat layer before contacting the first washcoat layer, the catalyst further comprising one or more platinum group metals comprising Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, the one or more platinum group metals being (a) the first washcoat layer; (b) the second washcoat layer; (c) an optional third washcoat layer; or (d) a catalyst at least partially contained in one or more of the optional third and fourth washcoat layers.

2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first washcoat layer comprises one or more of Ce and Cu.

3. The sulfur capture material is ２ and / or SO ３ to form a corresponding metal sulfite and / or sulfate, wherein the one or more metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Ce, La, Sn, and Zr, including mixtures of two or more of the following:

4. The one or more metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of Fe, Cu, and Sn, preferably Fe, Cu, Sn ... ２ O ３ , CuO, and SnO ２ 4. The catalyst of claim 3, selected from the list consisting of:

5. The one or more metal oxides include an oxide of Fe, and the loading of the one or more oxides of Fe in the second washcoat layer is Fe ２ O ３ 5. The catalyst of claim 3, wherein the total amount of the second washcoat layer is in the range of 10 to 70 wt. %, calculated as and based on 100 wt. % of the second washcoat layer.

6. 6. The catalyst of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material.

7. 7. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, and the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer.

8. The catalyst of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the third washcoat layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, the hydrocarbon trapping material comprising a molecular sieve.

9. 7. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, the first washcoat layer being provided on the substrate, and the second washcoat layer being provided on the first washcoat layer.

10. the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a layered arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer; The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first washcoat layer is provided on the substrate, the second washcoat layer is provided on the first washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer is provided on the second washcoat layer.

11. 9. The catalyst of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, wherein the second washcoat layer is provided on the substrate along its axial length starting from an inlet end of the substrate, and the first washcoat layer is provided on the substrate along its axial length starting from an outlet end of the substrate, and wherein the length of the first washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate so as to create an upstream zone comprising the second washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer.

12. the catalyst comprises a third washcoat layer, the catalyst exhibiting a zoned arrangement of the first washcoat layer, the second washcoat layer, and the third washcoat layer; 9. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the third washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate along its axial length beginning at the inlet end of the substrate, the first washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate along its axial length beginning at the outlet end of the substrate, the second washcoat layer is disposed on and completely covers the first washcoat layer, the length of the first washcoat layer is shorter than the axial length of the substrate to create an upstream zone comprising the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone comprising the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, and the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer.

13. 13. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas conduit for exhaust gases from said internal combustion engine, said exhaust gas conduit containing a catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. 14. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 13, wherein the system includes one or more of an electric heater, a fuel burner, a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC).

15. 1. A method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, said method comprising: (A) providing an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons; (B) directing the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through a catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

16. Use of the catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for the oxidation of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons.

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