Modular systems for building construction

Abstract

The present invention relates to a modular system for manufacturing building structures (BW). The system comprises a plurality of individual building blocks (1) and a plurality of individual connecting elements (4) for connecting two building blocks (1) in each case. Each building block (1) has a basic rectangular parallelepiped shape with a bottom (5), a top (6), and side walls (2,3), and at least one connecting recess (7) for connecting to one of the connecting elements (4) is formed in at least one side wall (2,3). Each connecting element (4) has a connecting region (8) for connecting to one of the two building blocks (1) to be connected and a connecting region (8) for connecting to the other of the two building blocks (1) to be connected. The connecting region (8) of the connecting element (4) and the connecting recess (7) of the building block (1) are designed such that a dovetail connection is formed between the connecting recess (7) and the connecting region (8).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a modular system for manufacturing building structures.

Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, as described in WO2012 / 120021A1, a modular system for manufacturing building structures from a plurality of forming elements is known.

Disclosure of the Invention

[0003] An object of the present invention is to provide a modular system for manufacturing building structures that is improved over the prior art.

[0004] According to the present invention, this object is achieved by a modular system for manufacturing building structures having the features described in claim 1.

[0005] Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0006] The modular system for manufacturing a building structure according to the present invention has a plurality of individual building blocks and a plurality of individual connecting elements for connecting two building blocks in each case. Each building block has a cuboid basic shape having a bottom side, a top side, and side walls, and at least one connecting recess is formed in at least one side wall for connection to one of the connecting elements, particularly for a form-fitting connection. Each connecting element has a connecting region for connecting to one of the two building blocks to be connected and a connecting region for connecting to the other of the two building blocks to be connected. In particular, each connecting element is integrally formed and / or formed in one piece. The connecting region of the connecting element and the connecting recess of the building block are designed such that a double-tail connection is formed between the connecting recess and the connecting region, i.e., formed in the interconnected state of the connecting element and the building block.

[0007] The building blocks and connecting elements of a modular system are, therefore, initially separate and individual parts that are not connected to one another. The connecting elements are, in particular, so-called dovetail inserts. To connect two building blocks by a connecting element, one connecting area of ​​the connecting element is connected to the connecting recess of one building block to form a dovetail joint, and the other connecting area of ​​the connecting element is connected to the connecting recess of the other building block to form another dovetail joint. Thus, each building block is connected to the connecting element in a shape-fitting manner by dovetail joints, and therefore connected to one another in a shape-fitting manner through this connecting element. In particular, building blocks connected to one another by the connecting element are intended to be in contact with each other, specifically in direct contact. That is, the two building blocks are intended to be in contact with each other at their side walls, specifically in direct contact, with the connecting elements positioned in the connecting recesses of their side walls. The building blocks, specifically their connecting recesses, and the connecting elements, specifically their connecting areas, are therefore designed to ensure this condition.

[0008] Walls formed by these interconnected building blocks are particularly load-bearing walls in building structures.

[0009] The connecting recesses of the building blocks are specifically formed as dovetail grooves, that is, grooves having a dovetail-shaped cross-section. The dovetail-shaped cross-section narrows towards the opening of the groove, that is, towards the outer surface of the side wall.

[0010] Each connection area of ​​a connecting element is designed as a dovetail, and the shape of each dovetail corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the dovetail of the connection recess, which is designed as a dovetail groove. Thus, each connecting element has a double dovetail, and the two dovetails (i.e., the two connection areas of each connecting element) are connected to each other directly or via an intermediate area of ​​the connecting element at their narrowest points. The connecting element, in particular its cross-section, therefore has two parallel end faces and two triangular or, for example, trapezoidal recesses on both sides located between the end faces. This shape of the connecting element, in particular its cross-sectional shape, is also referred to as, for example, an hourglass shape.

[0011] For example, dovetail joints provide a secure and stable correct connection between building blocks, especially compared to tongue and groove joints. Tongue and groove joints are merely a unidirectional shape fit. Dovetail joints are a two-directional shape fit that is perpendicular to each other. Furthermore, dovetail joints enable self-centering of the building blocks.

[0012] The modular system according to the present invention is therefore a system for manufacturing building structures, and more particularly a modular system for manufacturing building structures. In particular, the solution according to the present invention enables the disassembly and reassembly of building structures manufactured with the modular system.

[0013] Building blocks are formed from, for example, geopolymers or materials containing geopolymers. In particular, building blocks consist of materials based on geopolymers or geopolymer concrete. For example, the building block material has a compressive strength of 75 to 80 MPa at 28 days of age and / or a tensile flexural strength of 5 to 5.5 MPa at 28 days of age. In the case of geopolymer concrete, alkali-activated mineral substances, such as natural substances or secondary raw materials, are used as binders. Geopolymers or geopolymer concrete do not contain Portland cement. Different types of fillers based on natural or recycled materials can be used. Geopolymers or geopolymer concrete are environmentally friendly, have low emissions, are easy to process (e.g., plastering or painting with wall paint), and have high fire resistance. Unlike polymer concrete, geopolymers or geopolymer concrete do not use resins, hardeners, or accelerators.

[0014] For example, building blocks can be manufactured using floor paver (paving material), and / or sheet paver, and / or extrusion molding processes, and / or wet casting processes, and / or die casting processes. For example, geopolymers or geopolymer concrete can be manufactured in a concrete mixer, specifically by mixing, and then processed into building blocks using extrusion molding processes, wet casting processes, and / or die casting processes.

[0015] Geopolymers are, in particular, inorganic binders. For example, the proportion of geopolymers is 20%, specifically 20% of the total mixture by mass. The remainder of this total mixture is, for example, aggregate. This aggregate may consist of, for example, standardized sand and / or secondary raw materials (e.g., processed construction waste). In particular, it is intended to produce geopolymer concrete from this whole mixture.

[0016] Alternatively, each building block may be made from a different material, such as polymer concrete or concrete. The modular system may also include building blocks made from different materials.

[0017] For example, the connecting elements may each be made of wood, plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic, metal, or other materials. For example, a modular system may have connecting elements made of different materials.

[0018] In particular, the top and bottom of each building block are intended to be planar, or flat. This makes it easy to stack multiple rows of building blocks sequentially on top of each other to form, for example, a wall. Such walls serve as load-bearing elements.

[0019] In particular, the stacked blocks are positioned offset from each other. This improves stability, reduces through-joints, and consequently improves thermal insulation.

[0020] In particular, each building block is designed to have at least one connecting recess on multiple side walls or on all side walls. This makes connection particularly easy when connecting two building blocks to each other, as the blocks do not need to be aligned first. Furthermore, one building block can be connected to multiple other building blocks located on its side walls. This makes it possible to form, for example, a wall having multiple layers of building blocks in the thickness direction (i.e., a wall whose thickness is formed by two or more adjacent and connected blocks). In particular, the layers of building blocks are intended to be of the same thickness. Moreover, this makes it possible to form corners of a building using interconnected building blocks, where one building block forming a corner is connected to two building blocks located adjacent to the side walls of that building block forming the corner.

[0021] For example, a building block, i.e., one or more building blocks of a system module, each has multiple connecting recesses on one, more, or all of its side walls, and these connecting recesses are located at a certain distance from each other, for example, 125 mm apart. This depends, for example, on the length and width of each building block. For example, the long side walls of a block each have multiple connecting recesses, for example, two, three, four, or five. For example, the end walls of a building block (i.e., its short side walls) each have only one connecting recess, and its long side walls each have one or more connecting recesses. Multiple connecting recesses on the same side wall allow, for example, two building blocks to be connected using multiple connecting elements, in particular allowing for secure connections along the entire length of long blocks, and / or allowing one building block to be connected to at least two other building blocks adjacent to the same side wall.

[0022] In particular, if all building blocks in a modular system have multiple connection recesses on a single side wall, these connection recesses are spaced equally apart from each other. That is, when there are multiple connection recesses on a single side wall, each connection recess is the same distance from any adjacent connection recess on the same side wall, and this distance is the same for all building blocks in a modular system that have multiple connection recesses on a single side wall.

[0023] In particular, the distance between a connecting recess adjacent to a corner of a building block and that corner is intended to be the same. That is, all connecting recesses adjacent to corners of a building block are intended to be the same distance from those corners. In particular, if there is only one connecting recess in a side wall, the distance to both adjacent corners is the same; that is, the connecting recess is formed in the center of the side wall, adjacent to both corners, and at equal intervals. In particular, in all building blocks of a modular system, the distance between a connecting recess adjacent to a corner and that corner is intended to be the same.

[0024] This design conveniently results in an even grid of connecting recesses for multiple building blocks connected to one another by connecting elements. These connecting recesses are conveniently uniformly distributed in the horizontal plane, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the horizontal plane, and are particularly equally spaced from one another.

[0025] In particular, each connecting recess may be provided so as to extend from the top to the bottom of the building block, that is, the connecting recess is open on the top and bottom of the building block. In particular, each connecting recess is aligned vertically, that is, perpendicular to the top and bottom. This makes it easier to insert the connecting element from above or below when connecting building blocks with the connecting element. Alternatively, for example, each connecting recess can be configured to extend horizontally between the two side walls on both sides, in particular, that is, parallel to the top and bottom. For example, each connecting recess can also extend at an angle. It is also possible to combine connecting recesses aligned in different directions on each building block.

[0026] In particular, the building block is hollow. This reduces the weight of the building block, for example. Specifically, the cavity is open at the top and bottom, meaning that the top and bottom of the building block each have at least one opening. This makes it possible, for example, to fill the cavity of the building block with insulation and / or to pass supply and / or discharge lines, heating and / or cooling devices or their components, and / or ventilation and / or exhaust lines through this cavity. The insulation can be filled into the cavity as, for example, molded products, bulk insulation, or blown-in insulation.

[0027] Furthermore, due to the cavities in the building blocks, it is possible to pass, for example, threaded rods, square tubes, or other tension-resistant struts (e.g., tie rods) through the walls formed by the building blocks vertically, and extend them, for example, to ring anchors. Due to the cavities in the building blocks, it is also possible to fix the building blocks to each other or to other building elements (e.g., ring anchors, ring beams, window lintels, door lintels, etc.) using, for example, ropes, threaded rods, or similar means made of metal or non-metal materials. Ring anchors, ring beams, window lintels, and / or door lintels are composed of, for example, wooden beams, precast concrete parts, prestressed system blocks, or other elements. [[ID=A]] [[ID=B]]

[0028] [[ID=C]] [[ID=D]]The modular system includes, for example, building blocks of different lengths and / or different heights. This provides greater flexibility in the manufacture of each building structure. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve vertical and / or horizontal offsets between layers of building blocks arranged adjacent to each other, for example, in the thickness direction of a wall, thereby achieving additional shape fitting. Furthermore, this avoids continuous joints from the inside to the outside of the wall and the resulting thermal bridges, for example, in a wall composed of a plurality of building blocks arranged side by side, i.e., arranged in the thickness direction of the wall. [[ID=E]] [[ID=F]]

[0029] [[ID=G]] [[ID=H]]For example, the modular system has building blocks of five different lengths and / or two different heights, for example, building blocks with lengths of 25 cm, 37.5 cm, 50 cm, 62.5 cm, and 75 cm, and heights of 25 cm and 12.5 cm. All building blocks have the same width, for example, 12.5 cm. The weight of the building blocks is, for example, between 5 kg and 25 kg. Other dimensions are possible, in which case the weight may vary. [[ID=I]] [[ID=J]]

[0030] [[ID=K]] The wall thickness of the hollow building block is, for example, from 10 mm to 40 mm, but other wall thicknesses are also possible. For example, one or more building blocks of the modular system, or all building blocks, can also be designed as solid building blocks, that is, without internal cavities.

[0031] When the connecting element is arranged in the connecting recess of the building block, the connecting recess can, for example, be filled over its entire length by the connecting element, or the connecting element can, for example, extend only over a part of the entire length of the connecting recess. This depends, for example, on the length of the connecting recess, the length of the connecting element, and the degree to which the connecting element is pushed into the connecting recess. For example, the connecting element can protrude from the connecting recess in the longitudinal direction of the connecting recess and thus protrude beyond the building block. This is because, for example, the connecting element is longer than the connecting recess and / or is not completely inserted into the connecting recess.

[0032] The connecting elements of the modular system can, for example, all have the same length, or connecting elements of different lengths can be provided. For example, the connecting element has the same length as the connecting recess of the building block. If there are various building blocks with different connecting recesses, the modular system can have connecting elements of different lengths. Alternatively or additionally, the modular system can, for example, have connecting elements that are shorter or longer than the connecting recesses of the building blocks.

[0033] For example, the connecting element can be cut to the required length.

[0034] For example, by arranging the connecting element in the connecting recess of the lower building block and in the connecting recess of the upper building block, each connecting element can also be used to connect building blocks arranged one above the other. For this, the blocks must of course be aligned so that the relevant connecting recesses are in a straight line. If the connecting element is long enough, two or more building blocks arranged one above the other can also be connected in this way.

[0035] For example, each connecting element may be inserted into its respective connecting recess and held in place, for example by friction, or the connecting elements may be additionally fixed to at least one building block to which they are connected, for example by material fitting, shape fitting and / or press fitting, for example by bonding, clamping, latching, or by additional fixing elements. This ensures that, for example, a connecting element already positioned in the connecting recess of one building block is not displaced when inserted into the connecting recess of the other building block.

[0036] In one possible embodiment of the modular system, one or more hollow building blocks may be configured such that each has at least one or more intermediate walls. For example, if there are building blocks of different lengths, the longer building blocks each have one or more intermediate walls. One or more intermediate walls divide the cavity within one building block into multiple chambers. In particular, each intermediate wall extends parallel to the end walls (i.e., the short side walls) of the building block. This stabilizes the building block along its length, because the long side walls support each other through their respective intermediate walls. Alternatively or additionally, one or more intermediate walls may be positioned, for example, parallel to the long side walls, or parallel to the top and bottom of the building block. When the intermediate walls are aligned parallel to the side walls, the building block has a corresponding number of openings at its top and bottom, with one opening at the top and one opening at the bottom for each chamber formed by one or more intermediate walls. The connecting recess is formed, for example, at the height of the intermediate wall on each of the opposing side walls connected by the intermediate wall, that is, particularly at the position of the intermediate wall in the longitudinal direction of the building block. This makes it possible to transmit loads that may arise from the connection of the building block, for example, through the intermediate wall.

[0037] For example, a modular system may have one or more building blocks without intermediate walls, and / or one or more building blocks having one intermediate wall, and / or one or more building blocks having multiple, in particular two or at least two, intermediate walls.

[0038] If each building block has one intermediate wall, and this intermediate wall extends parallel to the end wall, then the intermediate wall is in particular at equal distances from both end walls.

[0039] If each building block has multiple intermediate walls, and each of these intermediate walls extends parallel to an end wall, then each intermediate wall adjacent to an end wall is at the same distance from the adjacent end wall. In the case of two intermediate walls, the distance between the intermediate walls is less than, greater than, or equal to the distance between each intermediate wall and its adjacent end wall.

[0040] To manufacture a building structure, multiple building blocks are offset from each other vertically and / or horizontally, particularly in the thickness direction of the wall, relative to the building blocks of adjacent layers of building blocks, especially when a wall is formed from multiple layers of building blocks in the thickness direction of the wall. This is made possible by having a modular system with building blocks of different heights and / or lengths. With respect to height, the modular system includes, for example, building blocks that are half the height of other building blocks in the modular system. For example, in the thickness direction of the wall, a row of building blocks of half the height is placed in a block layer on a substrate or base strip, then building blocks of that height (not half) are placed, and only building blocks of that height are used adjacent to each other in the thickness direction. This achieves a vertical offset of half the height of the taller block.

[0041] For example, multiple layers of building blocks can be arranged in the thickness direction of the wall, and it is advantageous that the building blocks in each layer are offset horizontally and / or vertically relative to adjacent layers in the thickness direction.

[0042] The modular system is suitable for both statically load-bearing and statically unloaded masonry construction. For example, it is suitable for the construction of new buildings as well as for the expansion and integration of existing building structures.

[0043] For example, a base strip can be provided to allow the bottom building block to be positioned horizontally. One or more components, in particular a base strip formed of a composite material, or multiple such base strips, may be components of the modular system. The base strip is placed on a base, and the bottom row of building blocks is placed on it.

[0044] Building blocks can be connected to each other using only connecting elements, or they can also be connected using adhesives, mortar, or screw connections. However, this is not absolutely necessary. When building blocks are connected using only connecting elements, or when additional means such as detachable clamps or screw connections are used, building structures manufactured using a modular system can be disassembled and, for example, reassembled multiple times.

[0045] As already mentioned, the hollow design of building blocks allows for internal insulation, that is, it allows for the insertion of insulation materials such as molded parts, bulk insulation, or blown-in insulation into the cavities of the building blocks. However, building blocks may also be used without insulation.

[0046] Connecting recesses located on the surface of building structures manufactured using a modular system can be filled with molded parts made from, for example, wood, plastic, metal, or other materials to form a flat surface, for example, on the outside and / or inside of a wall constructed as a building structure. Such molded parts for filling connecting recesses constitute, for example, part of the modular system. In particular, each molded part has a shape corresponding to the connecting recess, and in particular a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the connecting recess. For example, each molded part has the shape of the connection area of ​​the connecting element. By installing such molded parts, a smooth finish is achieved between the connecting recess and the surface of the side wall that forms it. One or more other mounting parts can be attached to the smooth filling of the connecting recess achieved by this molded part. This method results in a smooth wall surface, making it easier to apply, for example, plaster or wall paint.

[0047] In one possible embodiment, the modular system comprises, for example, one or more additional components having a dovetail shape corresponding to a recess in each building block. This dovetail shape has, for example, the shape of the connection area of ​​the connecting element. Each component can be fixed to one or more building blocks, for example, through its dovetail shape and the connection recess in each building block. Such components (e.g., designed as sliding blocks or similar elements) allow for the fixing of facades, panels, battens, substructures, or other attachments to a building structure manufactured by the modular system (particularly the exterior or interior of assembled walls), in particular, without damaging the building blocks for this purpose (e.g., without drilling holes or screwing).

[0048] Examples of embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0049] Figures 1-5 show schematic representations of building structures. Figures 6-9 schematically show one embodiment of a building block. Figures 10-13 schematically show another embodiment of the building block. Figures 14-17 schematically show another embodiment of the building block. Figures 18-21 schematically show another embodiment of the building block. Figures 22-25 schematically show another embodiment of the building block. Figures 26-29 schematically show another embodiment of the building block. Figures 30-33 schematically show another embodiment of the building block. Figures 34-37 schematically show another embodiment of the building block. Figures 38-41 schematically show one embodiment of the connecting element.

[0050] In all figures, the same reference symbols are used for corresponding parts.

[0051] Referring to Figures 1 to 41, a modular system for manufacturing building structures BW is described below. Figures 1 to 5 show an example of a building structure BW manufactured using the modular system, where Figure 1 is a perspective view of the building structure BW, Figure 2 is a top view of the building structure BW, Figure 3 is an enlarged detail view of detail section III of Figure 2, Figure 4 shows the building structure BW in a plan view inside the first exterior wall AW1, and Figure 5 shows the building structure BW in a plan view inside the second exterior wall AW and the interior wall IW. In the illustrated example, the first exterior wall AW1 has a window section (window cutout). The free end of the second exterior wall AW2 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is adjacent to, for example, a door cutout (door cutout).

[0052] Figures 6 to 33 illustrate eight different embodiments of the modular building block 1. Each building block 1 is shown in perspective view (Figures 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34), side view of the long side wall 2 (Figures 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35), side view of the end wall 3 (Figures 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36), and top view (Figures 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37).

[0053] Figures 6 to 9 and Figures 10 to 13 show building blocks 1 having a first length, building blocks 1 in Figures 6 to 9 having a first height, and building blocks 1 in Figures 10 to 13 having a second height corresponding to half of the first height.

[0054] Figures 14 to 17 and 18 to 21 show building blocks 1 having a second length longer than a first length, the building blocks 1 in Figures 14 to 17 having a first height, and the building blocks 1 in Figures 18 to 21 having a second height.

[0055] Figures 22 to 25 and 26 to 29 show building blocks 1 having a third length longer than the second length, the building blocks 1 in Figures 22 to 25 having a first height, and the building blocks 1 in Figures 26 to 29 having a second height.

[0056] Figures 30 to 33 and 34 to 37 show building blocks 1 having a fourth length longer than the third length, the building blocks 1 in Figures 30 to 33 having a first height, and the building blocks 1 in Figures 34 to 37 having a second height.

[0057] Figures 38 to 41 show exemplary embodiments of a connecting element 4 for connecting two building blocks 1. The connecting element 4 is shown in a perspective view in Figure 38, in a plan view of the end face in Figure 39, in a plan view of the long side in Figure 40, and in a top view, i.e., a plan view of the apex side, in Figure 41.

[0058] In the exemplary embodiment of the modular system described herein, all building blocks 1 have the same width.

[0059] The exemplary embodiments of the modular system described herein include building blocks 1 of all embodiments shown in Figures 6 to 37, thereby the modular system may have one or preferably more building blocks 1 of each embodiment.

[0060] An exemplary embodiment of the modular system described herein thus has building blocks 1 of four different lengths and two different heights.

[0061] In addition to these multiple separate building blocks 1, the modular system includes multiple separate connecting elements 4 for connecting two building blocks 1 in each case, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. One embodiment of the connecting element 4 is shown in Figures 38 to 41, as already described above.

[0062] Each building block 1 has a basic rectangular parallelepiped shape with a bottom 5, a top 6, and side walls 2, 3, and a connecting recess 7 for connecting to one of the connecting elements 4 is formed in at least one of the side walls 2, 3. In the illustrated embodiments, each building block 1 has such connecting recesses 7 on both the end wall 3 and the long side wall 4, depending on the length of each building block 1, and two connecting recesses 7 (embodiments in Figures 6 to 13), three connecting recesses 7 (embodiments in Figures 14 to 21), four connecting recesses 7 (embodiments in Figures 22 to 29), or five connecting recesses 7 (embodiments in Figures 30 to 37) are provided, particularly spaced apart from one another at equal intervals.

[0063] The presence of connecting recesses 7 on all side walls 2 and 3 makes it particularly easy to connect two building blocks 1 to each other, because it is not necessary to align the building blocks 1 first. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, a building block 1 can be connected to multiple other building blocks 1 located on its side walls 2 and 3. In this way, for example, walls AW1 and AW2 can be formed having multiple layers of building blocks 1 in the thickness direction of the walls AW1 and AW2, that is, walls AW1 and AW2 can be formed having a thickness formed by two or more building blocks 1 being adjacent to and connected to each other. Furthermore, this also makes it possible to form corners of building structures using multiple interconnected building blocks 1 by connecting one building block 1 forming the corner to two building blocks 1 located next to the side walls 2 and 3 of that one building block 1 forming the corner. Multiple connecting recesses 7 on the same long side wall 2 enable, for example, the connection of two building blocks 1 using multiple connecting elements 4, in particular enabling a secure connection along the entire length of even a long building block 1, and / or, for example, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, the connection of a building block 1 to at least two other building blocks 1 adjacent to the same long side wall 2.

[0064] Each connecting recess 7 extends from the top 6 to the bottom 5 of each building block 1. That is, each connecting recess 7 is open at both the top 6 and the bottom 5 of the building block 1. Each connecting recess 7 is aligned vertically, i.e., perpendicular to the top 6 and bottom 5. This makes it easier to insert the connecting element 4 into the connecting recess 7 from above or below when connecting the building blocks 1 using the connecting element 4.

[0065] Each connecting element 4 has a connecting area 8 for connecting to one of the two building blocks 1 to be connected, and a connecting area 8 for connecting to the other of the two building blocks 1 to be connected. The connecting elements 4 are integrally formed and / or formed as a single piece.

[0066] The connection area 8 of the connection element 4 and the connection recess 7 of the building block 1 are designed to form a dovetail connection between the connection recess 7 and the connection area 8.

[0067] The building blocks 1 and connecting elements 4 of the modular system are, therefore, initially separate individual parts that are not connected to one another. The connecting elements 4 are, in particular, so-called dovetail inserts. To connect two building blocks 1 by the connecting elements 4, one connecting area 8 of the connecting element 4 is connected to the connecting recess 7 of one building block 1 to form a dovetail joint, and the other connecting area 8 of the connecting element 4 is connected to the connecting recess 7 of the other building block 1 to form another dovetail joint. Thus, the building blocks 1 are connected to the connecting elements 4 in a shape-fitting manner by the dovetail joints, and are therefore connected to each other in a shape-fitting manner via these connecting elements 4, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.

[0068] Each connecting recess 7 of the building block 1 is formed as a dovetail groove, that is, a groove having a dovetail-shaped cross-section. The dovetail-shaped cross-section narrows toward the opening of the groove, that is, toward the outer surface of the side walls 2 and 3.

[0069] Each connection region 8 of each connecting element 4 is formed as a dovetail, and the shape of each dovetail corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the dovetail of the connection recess 7, which is formed as a dovetail groove. Thus, each connecting element 4 has a double dovetail, and thereafter these two dovetails, i.e., the two connection regions 8 of each connecting element 4, are connected to each other at their narrowest points. The cross-section of the connecting element 4, in particular, has two parallel end faces and two triangular or, for example, trapezoidal recesses on both sides located between the end faces.

[0070] A modular system is a system for manufacturing building structures BW, and more particularly, a modular system for manufacturing building structures BW. In particular, the solution described herein allows for the disassembly and reassembly of each building structure BW manufactured by the modular system.

[0071] The building block 1 is formed from, for example, a geopolymer or a material containing a geopolymer. Alternatively, the building block 1 is made of a different material, such as polymer concrete or concrete. The modular system may have multiple building blocks 1 made of different materials.

[0072] For example, each connecting element 4 may be made of wood, plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic, metal, or other material.

[0073] When the connecting element 4 is positioned in the connecting recess 7 of the building block 1, the connecting recess 7 can be filled along its entire length by the connecting element 4, for example, or the connecting element 4 can extend only to a portion of the entire length of the connecting recess 7. This depends, for example, on the length of the connecting recess 7, the length of the connecting element 4, and the extent to which the connecting element 4 is pushed into the connecting recess 7. For example, the connecting element 4 can protrude from the connecting recess 7 in the longitudinal direction of the connecting recess 7, and therefore can also protrude upward and / or downward of the building block 1, for example, because the connecting element 4 is longer than the connecting recess 7 and / or is not fully inserted into the connecting recess 7.

[0074] The connecting elements 4 of the modular system may all be the same length, or connecting elements 4 of different lengths may be provided. For example, the connecting elements 4 may have the same length as the connecting recess 7 of the building block 1. In embodiments of the modular system shown herein having building blocks 1 of two different heights and thus connecting recess 7 of two different lengths, it is also possible to provide a modular system having connecting elements of two different lengths, for example, connecting elements 4 of a length corresponding to the length of the connecting recess 7 of the shorter building block 1 and connecting elements 4 of a length corresponding to the length of the connecting recess 7 of the taller building block 1. Alternatively or additionally, the modular system may have connecting elements 4 that are shorter or longer than the connecting recess 7 of the building block 1, for example. In possible embodiments of the modular system, for example, all connecting elements 4 may be the same length.

[0075] For example, connecting element 4 may be cut to the required length.

[0076] In the embodiments of the connecting element 4 shown in Figures 38 to 41, the connecting element 4 has a width of, for example, 16 mm at the widest point of each connecting area 8, i.e., outside the connecting area 8. The distance between the two widest points of the two connecting areas 8, i.e., the distance from the outside of one connecting area 8 to the outside of the other connecting area 8, is, for example, 24 mm. The connecting recess 7 of the building block 1 is designed to correspond to it in order to enable a dovetail connection. In other embodiments, the connecting element 4 may have other dimensions, in which case the dimensions of the connecting recess 7 of the building block 1 are, of course, designed to correspond to it in order to enable a dovetail connection.

[0077] For example, each connecting element 4 can also be used to connect building blocks 1 arranged vertically, by positioning the connecting element 4 within the connecting recess 7 of the lower building block 1 and the connecting recess 7 of the upper building block 1. For this to happen, the building blocks 1 must, of course, be properly aligned so that the corresponding connecting recesses 7 are in a straight line. If the connecting element 4 is long enough, two or more building blocks 1 arranged vertically can also be connected in this manner.

[0078] For example, each connecting element 4 may be configured to be inserted into its respective connecting recess 7 and held in place, for example by friction, or the connecting elements 4 may be further fixed to at least one building block 1 to which they are connected via the connecting elements 4, for example by material fitting, shape fitting and / or press fitting, for example by bonding, clamping, or latching, or by additional fixing elements. This ensures that, for example, a connecting element 4 already positioned in the connecting recess 7 of one building block 1 is not displaced when inserted into the connecting recess 7 of the other building block 1.

[0079] The top 6 and bottom 5 of each building block 1 are flat. In particular, the building block 1 is hollow. This reduces the weight of the building block 1, for example. Specifically, the cavity is open at the top and bottom, i.e., the top 6 and bottom 5 of the building block 1 each have at least one opening. This makes it possible, for example, to fill the cavity of the building block with insulation material and / or to pass supply and / or discharge lines, heating and / or cooling devices or their components and / or ventilation and / or exhaust lines through this cavity. The insulation material can be filled into the cavity as, for example, molded products, bulk insulation, or blown-in insulation.

[0080] Furthermore, the hollow structure of the building block 1 allows, for example, threaded rods, square tubes, or other tensile struts (e.g., tie rods) to penetrate vertically through the walls AW1, AW2, IW formed from the building block 1, extending, for example, to ring anchors. The hollow structure of the building block also allows the building blocks to be fastened to each other or to other building elements (e.g., ring anchors, ring beams, window lintels, door lintels, etc.) using, for example, ropes, threaded rods, or similar means made of metal or non-metallic materials. The ring anchors, ring beams, window lintels, and / or door lintels are made of, for example, wooden beams, molded concrete components, prestressed system blocks, or other elements.

[0081] The modular system provides greater flexibility in the manufacture of each building structure BW, with building blocks 1 of different lengths and heights. Furthermore, vertical and / or horizontal offsets can be achieved between layers of building blocks 1 arranged adjacent to each other in the thickness direction of walls AW1, AW2, thereby enabling additional shape fittings, as shown in Figures 1 to 6. Moreover, this avoids continuous joints from the inside to the outside of walls AW1, AW2 and the resulting thermal bridges, for example, in walls consisting of multiple building blocks arranged side by side, i.e., in the thickness direction of walls AW1, AW2.

[0082] In embodiments of the modular system described herein, each building block 1 of the long embodiment has one or more intermediate walls 9. Building block 1 of the second length embodiment shown in Figures 14 to 17 and Figures 18 to 21 has one intermediate wall 9, and building block 1 of the third length embodiment shown in Figures 22 to 25 and Figures 26 to 29 and building block 1 of the fourth length embodiment shown in Figures 30 to 33 and Figures 34 to 37 has two intermediate walls 9. Each intermediate wall 9 is aligned parallel to the end wall 3.

[0083] The cavity of the building block 1 is divided into multiple chambers by intermediate walls 9; if there is one intermediate wall 9, it is divided into two chambers, and if there are two intermediate walls 9, it is divided into three chambers. These chambers are the same size, for example, as in the fourth length embodiment shown in Figures 30 to 33 and Figures 34 to 37, or they are different sizes, as in the third length embodiment shown in Figures 22 to 25 and Figures 26 to 29. Here, the chambers adjacent to the end wall 3 are the same size and are larger than the intermediate chambers formed between them. Each chamber has an opening on the top side 6 and the bottom side 5 of the building block 1. A building block 1 having one or more intermediate walls 9 therefore has multiple openings on the top side 6 and the bottom side 5.

[0084] The building block 1 is stabilized along its length by one or more intermediate walls 9. This is because the long side walls 2 support each other through each intermediate wall 9. In the building block 1 of the illustrated embodiment, connecting recesses 7 are formed at the height of the intermediate walls 9 on each of the opposing long side walls 2 that are connected by the individual intermediate walls 9. This makes it possible, for example, to transmit loads arising from the connections of the building block 1 through the intermediate walls 9.

[0085] To manufacture the building structure BW, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, particularly when walls AW1 and AW2 are formed from multiple layers of building blocks 1 in the thickness direction, for example, when they are formed from two layers of building blocks, the building blocks 1 are offset vertically and / or horizontally relative to each other, and in particular, offset relative to the building blocks 1 of adjacent layers of building blocks in the thickness direction of walls AW1 and AW2. This is made possible, in particular, by having building blocks 1 of different heights and / or lengths. For example, in the thickness direction of each outer wall AW1 and AW2 shown herein, a row of building blocks 1 having half the height is first placed on a substrate or base strip within a layer of building blocks, in the illustrated example within a layer of building blocks outside the outer walls AW1 and AW2, then a block 1 of that height (not half) is placed next to it in the thickness direction, in the illustrated example only building blocks 1 of that height are used in the inner layers of each outer AW1 and AW2. This achieves an vertical offset of half the height of the taller block 1.

[0086] This modular system is suitable for both statically load-bearing and statically unloaded masonry construction. For example, it is suitable for the construction of new buildings as well as for the expansion and integration of existing building structures.

[0087] For example, a base strip can be provided so that the bottommost building block 1 can be placed horizontally.

[0088] Building blocks 1 can be connected to each other using only connecting elements 4, or they can also be connected using adhesive, mortar, or screw connections. However, this is not absolutely necessary. When building blocks 1 are connected using only connecting elements 4, or when additional means such as detachable clamps or screw connections are used, the building structure BW manufactured using the modular system is dismantled and, for example, can be reassembled multiple times. [Explanation of symbols]

[0089] 1 building block 2 Long side walls 3 End wall 4 connection elements 5 Bottom 6 Top side 7. Connection recess 8 connection areas 9 Intermediate wall AW1 First Exterior Wall AW2 Second Bottom Wall IW inner wall BW building structure

Claims

1. A modular system for the manufacture of building structures (BW), Multiple individual building blocks (1), In each case, it comprises a plurality of separate connecting elements (4) for connecting two building blocks (1), Each building block (1) has a basic rectangular parallelepiped shape with a bottom (5), a top (6), and side walls (2, 3), and at least one connecting recess (7) for connecting to one of the connecting elements (4) is formed in at least one of the side walls (2, 3). Each of the connecting elements (4) has a connecting area (8) for connecting to one of the two building blocks (1) to be connected, and a connecting area (8) for connecting to the other of the two building blocks (1) to be connected. The connection region (8) of the connection element (4) and the connection recess (7) of the building block (1) are designed such that a dovetail connection is formed between the connection recess (7) and the connection region (8). Modular system.

2. The connecting recesses (7) of the building block (1) are each formed as dovetail grooves, and the connecting regions (8) of the connecting elements (4) are each formed as dovetails. The module system according to claim 1.

3. The building blocks (1) and the connecting elements (4) are designed so that the building blocks (1) connected to each other by at least one connecting element (4) are in direct contact with each other. The module system according to claim 1 or claim 2.

4. In each of the building blocks (1), the top side (6) and the bottom side (5) are formed flat. The module system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. Each of the building blocks (1) has at least one of the connecting recesses (7) in multiple or all of the side walls (2, 3), The module system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Each of the building blocks (1) has a plurality of connection recesses (7) in each of the long side walls (2) of the side walls. The module system according to claim 5.

7. The adjacent connecting recesses (7) on each of the longitudinal walls (2) of all the building blocks (1) are separated from each other by the same distance. The module system according to claim 6.

8. The connecting recess (7) extends from the top side (6) to the bottom side (5), The module system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The aforementioned building block (1) is hollow. The module system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The aforementioned module system is A building comprising (1) building blocks of different lengths and / or different heights, The module system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The aforementioned module system is A building block (1) comprising five different lengths and / or two different heights, The module system according to claim 10.

12. At least one of the building blocks (1) comprises at least one intermediate wall (9), The module system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The at least one intermediate wall (9) extends parallel to the end wall (3) of the side wall, The module system according to claim 12.

14. The connecting recess (7) is formed at the height of the at least one intermediate wall (9) on each of the opposing side walls (2, 3) connected by the at least one intermediate wall (9). The module system according to claim 12 or claim 13.

15. The building block (1) is formed from a geopolymer, or from a material containing a geopolymer. The module system according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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