Window unit for reducing bird collisions and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The coated article includes a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface, and a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side. The functional coating is a base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer includes a base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, a metal layer disposed on at least a portion of the base layer, and a top layer disposed on at least a portion of the metal layer. The second side has patterned features. Methods for manufacturing coated articles and insulated glass units are also provided.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-reference of related applications) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 451,677 filed on March 13, 2023, and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 602,134 filed on March 12, 2024, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [Background technology]

[0002] (Technical field) The present invention generally relates to coated articles having a functional coating and patterned features applied to a second side of a substrate, such as a glass substrate. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0003] The present invention relates to a coated article comprising a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface, and a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side. The functional coating is a base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer comprising a base layer including a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, a metal layer disposed on at least a portion of the base layer, and a top layer disposed on at least a portion of the metal layer. The second side has patterned features.

[0004] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a coated article. The method includes the steps of: providing a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface; and forming a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side, wherein the step of forming the functional coating includes forming a base layer on at least a portion of the second surface, and the step of forming the base layer includes forming a first film on at least a portion of the second surface and forming a second film on at least a portion of the first film; forming a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer; and forming a top layer on at least a portion of the metal layer. The second side is characterized by patterned features.

[0005] The present invention also relates to an insulating glass unit comprising: a first ply having a first side including a No. 1 surface and a second side including a No. 2 surface, wherein the No. 2 surface is opposite to the No. 1 surface; and a second ply having a first side including a No. 3 surface and a second side including a No. 4 surface, wherein the No. 4 surface is opposite to the No. 3 surface, wherein the first and second plies are connected to each other, and a functional coating is disposed on at least a portion of the second side including the No. 2 surface. The functional coating is a base layer disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, the base layer comprising a base layer including a first film disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film; a metal layer disposed on at least a portion of the base layer; and a top layer disposed on at least a portion of the metal layer. The second side including the No. 2 surface has patterned features.

[0006] The present invention also relates to a coated article comprising a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface, and a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side. The functional coating is a base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer comprising a base layer including a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, a metal layer disposed on at least a portion of the base layer, a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, and a top layer disposed on at least a portion of the third metal layer. The second side has patterned features.

[0007] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a coated article. The method includes the steps of: providing a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface; and forming a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side, wherein the step of forming the functional coating is a step of forming a base layer on at least a portion of the second surface, the step of forming the base layer includes forming a first film on at least a portion of the second surface and forming a second film on at least a portion of the first film; forming a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer; forming a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer; forming a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer; forming a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer; forming a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer; and forming a top layer on at least a portion of the third metal layer. The second side is provided with patterned features.

[0008] The present invention also relates to an insulating glass unit comprising: a first ply having a first side including a No. 1 surface and a second side including a No. 2 surface, wherein the No. 2 surface is opposite to the No. 1 surface; and a second ply having a first side including a No. 3 surface and a second side including a No. 4 surface, wherein the No. 4 surface is opposite to the No. 3 surface, wherein the first and second plies are connected to each other, and a functional coating is disposed on at least a portion of the second side including the No. 2 surface. This functional coating is a base layer disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, and the base layer includes a base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, a metal layer disposed on at least a portion of the base layer, a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, and a top layer disposed on at least a portion of the third metal layer. The second side, which includes the No. 2 surface, has patterned features.

[0009] The present invention will be described with reference to the following drawings, and throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals will identify the same part. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] Figures 1A and 1C are front views (not to scale) of a substrate having patterned features including microablations on a second surface of the substrate. Horizontal ablations are shown in Figure 1A, vertical microablations in Figure 1B, and diagonal microablations in Figure 1C, and these microablations are located on the second surface of the substrate.

[0011] [Figure 2]Figures 2A and 2C are cross-sectional views (not to scale) of a single metal coating according to an example of the present invention. Figure 2A is a single metal coating comprising a substrate, a base layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, a top layer, and a protective coating. Figure 2B is the same single metal coating as in Figure 2A, showing a base layer comprising two films, a top layer comprising two films, and a protective coating comprising two films. Figure 2C is the same single metal coating as in Figure 2A, showing a base layer comprising two films, a top layer comprising three films, and a protective coating comprising two protective films.

[0012] [Figure 3] Figures 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views (not to scale) of a double metal coating according to an example of the present invention. Figure 3A is a double metal coating comprising a substrate, a base layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, a second layer, a second metal layer, a primer layer, a top layer, and a protective coating. Figure 3B is the double metal coating of Figure 3A, showing a base layer comprising two films, a second layer comprising three films, a top layer comprising two films, and a protective coating comprising two protective films. Figure 3C is the double metal coating of Figure 3A, showing a base layer comprising three films, a second layer comprising three films, a top layer comprising three films, and a protective coating comprising two protective films.

[0013] [Figure 4]Figures 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views (not to scale) of a triple metal coating according to an example of the present invention. Figure 4A is a triple metal coating comprising a substrate, a base layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, a second layer, a second metal layer, a second primer layer, a second intermediate layer, a third metal layer, a third primer layer, a top layer, and a protective coating. Figure 4B is the triple metal coating of Figure 4A, showing a base layer comprising two films, a second layer comprising three films, a third layer comprising three films, a top layer comprising two films, and a protective coating comprising two protective films. Figure 4C is the triple metal coating of Figure 4A, showing a base layer comprising two films, a second layer comprising three films, a third layer comprising three films, a top layer comprising three films, and a protective coating comprising two protective films.

[0014] [Figure 5] Figures 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views (not to scale) of a quadruple coating according to an example of the present invention. Figure 5A is a quadruple metal coating comprising a substrate, a base layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, a second layer, a second metal layer, a second primer layer, a third layer, a third metal layer, a third primer layer, a fourth layer, a fourth metal layer, a fourth primer layer, a top layer, and a protective coating. Figure 5B is the quadruple metal coating of Figure 5A, showing a base layer comprising two films, a second layer comprising three films, a third layer comprising three films, a fourth layer comprising three films, a top layer comprising two films, and a protective coating comprising two protective films. Figure 5C is the quadruple metal coating of Figure 5A, showing a base layer comprising two films, a second layer comprising three films, a third layer comprising three films, a fourth layer comprising three films, a top layer comprising three films, and a protective coating comprising two protective films.

[0015] [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view (not to scale) of the first film of the base layer of a functional coating on a second surface of a substrate having symmetrical patterned features.

[0016] [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view (not to scale) of a second film of a base layer of a functional coating on a second surface of a substrate having symmetrically patterned features.

[0017] [Figure 8] Figures 8A-8C are front views (not to scale) of a substrate having symmetrically patterned features on a first film or a second film of a base layer, and the patterned features are in the form of stripes. Horizontally patterned features are shown in Figure 8A, vertically patterned features are shown in Figure 8B, and diagonally patterned features are shown in Figure 8C, and these patterned features are formed on a functional coating disposed on a second side of the substrate.

[0018] [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view (not to scale) of a third film of a top layer of a functional coating having symmetrically patterned features.

[0019] [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view (not to scale) of a third film of a top layer of a functional coating having symmetrically patterned features.

[0020] [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a side view (not to scale) of an exemplary insulating glass unit (''IGU'') having the coating of the present invention.

[0021] [Figure 12]Figures 12A to 12C are photographs of glass substrates having patterned features including stripes in the third film of the top layer of the functional coating, with the thickness of the third film being 5 nanometers (nm) (Figure 12A), 10 nm (Figure 12B), or 15 nm (Figure 12C). The functional coatings in Figures 12A to 12C have two metal layers and were applied to the second side of the substrate.

[0022] [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a photograph of a glass substrate having patterned features including stripes in the third film of the top layer of the functional coating, with a thickness of 55 nm. The functional coating has two metal layers and was applied to the second side of the glass substrate.

[0023] [Figure 14] Figures 14A to 14C are photographs of glass substrates having patterned features including stripes in the third film of the top layer of the functional coating, with the thickness of the third film being 5 nanometers (nm) (Figure 12A), 10 nm (Figure 12B), or 15 nm (Figure 12C). The functional coatings in Figures 14A to 14C have three metal layers and were applied to the second side of the substrate.

[0024] [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view (not to scale) of the second film of the second layer of a functional coating on the second surface of a substrate having symmetrical patterned features.

[0025] [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a triple metal coating according to an example of the present invention (not to scale).

[0026] [Figure 17] Figures 17A–17C show cross-sectional views (not to scale) of a metallic layer of a functional coating on a second surface of a substrate having symmetrical patterned features.

[0027] [Figure 18] Figures 18A and 18B are cross-sectional views (not to scale) of the second metal layer of a functional coating comprising two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating) on ​​a second surface of a substrate having symmetrical patterned features.

[0028] [Figure 19] Figures 19A and 19B are cross-sectional views (not to scale) of the third metal layer of a functional coating comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating) on ​​the second surface of a substrate having symmetrical patterned features.

[0029] [Figure 20] Figures 20A and 20B are cross-sectional views (not to scale) of the fourth metal layer of a functional coating containing four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating) on ​​the second surface of a substrate having symmetrical patterned features.

[0030] [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the outermost protective coating with symmetrical, patterned features (not to scale).

[0031] [Figure 22] Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the outermost protective coating with symmetrical, patterned features (not to scale). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0032] Where used herein, spatial or directional terms such as “left,” “right,” “inside,” “outside,” “up,” and “down” relate to the present invention as shown in the drawings. However, it should be understood that the present invention may envision various alternative orientations, and therefore such terms should not be considered limiting. Furthermore, where used herein, all figures used in the specification and claims to represent dimensions, physical properties, processing parameters, amounts of components, reaction conditions, etc., should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “about.” Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, the figures described in the following specification and claims may vary depending on the desired properties to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the claims, each figure should be interpreted by applying ordinary rounding techniques in light of the number of significant figures reported. Furthermore, all scopes disclosed herein should be understood to include the start and end values ​​of the scope, as well as any sub-scopes contained therein. For example, the described range "1 to 10" should be understood to include all subranges between (and including) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10, i.e., all subranges starting with a minimum value of 1 or more and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less, e.g., 1 to 3.3, 4.7 to 7.5, 5.5 to 10, etc. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms "formed over," "deposited over," or "provided over" mean that something is formed on, deposited on, or provided on a surface, but does not necessarily have to be in contact with the surface. For example, a coating layer "formed on" a substrate does not preclude the presence of one or more other coating layers or films of the same or different composition located between the formed coating layer and the substrate. The terms "visible region," "visible light," or "visible light spectrum" refer to electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths in the range of 380 nm to 800 nm.The terms “infrared region,” “infrared radiation,” or “infrared spectrum” refer to electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths in the range of over 800 nm to 100,000 nm. The terms “ultraviolet region,” “ultraviolet radiation,” or “ultraviolet (UV) spectrum” refer to electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the range of 300 nm to less than 380 nm. Furthermore, all documents referenced herein, including but not limited to published patents and patent applications, are considered to be “incorporated by reference” in their entirety. Where used herein, the term “film” refers to the coating region of a desired or selected coating composition. A “layer” may include one or more “films,” and a “coating” or “coating stack” may include one or more “layers.” The term “asymmetric reflectance” means that the visible light reflectance of the coating from one side is different from the visible light reflectance of the coating from the opposite side. The term “critical thickness” means the thickness to which the coating material forms a continuous, uninterrupted layer, and which, when thinner, forms discontinuous regions or islands of the coating material rather than a continuous layer. The term "subcritical thickness" refers to a thickness below critical, where the coating material forms isolated, disconnected regions within the coating. The term "island-like" refers to a coating material that is not a continuous layer, but rather a deposit of material that forms isolated regions or islands.

[0033] As used herein, the weight percentage (wt%) of metal oxides, metal alloys, metal nitrides, or metal oxynitrides is based on the total weight of the metal component, excluding the weight of the oxide, nitride, or oxynitride component.

[0034] The present invention relates to a coated article. The coated article includes a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, the second surface being opposite to the first surface. The second side of the substrate has patterned features. The coated article further includes a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side. The functional coating includes a base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer including a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film. The functional coating further includes a metal layer disposed on at least a portion of the base layer. The functional coating further includes a top layer disposed on at least a portion of the metal layer. Optionally, the functional coating may further include a primer layer, a second layer, a second primer layer, a second metal layer, a third layer, a third primer layer, a third metal layer, a fourth layer, a fourth primer layer, a fourth metal layer, and / or an outermost protective coating.

[0035] The coated article 10 includes a substrate 12. The substrate 12 can be made of any desired material having any desired properties, such as being opaque, translucent, or transparent to visible light. For example, the substrate 12 can be transparent or translucent to visible light. "Translucent" means that the visible light transmittance is greater than 0% and up to 100%. Alternatively, the substrate 12 can be translucent. "Translucent" means that it allows electromagnetic energy (e.g., visible light) to pass through, but diffuses this energy so that an object on the opposite side of the observer is not clearly visible. Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to, plastic substrates (e.g., acrylic polymers such as polyacrylate; polyalkyl methacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polypropyl methacrylate; polyalkyl terephthalates such as polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate; polysiloxane-containing polymers; or copolymers of any monomers for preparing these, or any mixture thereof); ceramic substrates; glass substrates; or mixtures or combinations of any of the above. For example, the substrate 12 may be conventional soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, or lead glass. The glass may be clear glass. "Clear glass" means non-tinted glass or uncolored glass. Alternatively, the glass may be tinted glass or otherwise colored glass. The glass may be annealed or heat-treated glass. As used herein, the term "heat-treated" means tempered or at least partially tempered. The glass may be any type, such as conventional float glass, and may be of any composition having any optical properties, e.g., any values ​​of visible light transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance, infrared transmittance, and / or total solar energy transmittance. "Float glass" means glass formed by the conventional float method, in which molten glass is deposited on a molten metal bath and controlledly cooled to form a float glass ribbon.Examples of float glass processes are disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,466,562 and 4,671,155.

[0036] The substrate 12 may include, for example, clear float glass, or it may be tinted glass or colored glass. The substrate 12 may have any desired dimensions, e.g., length, width, shape, or thickness. In one non-limiting embodiment where the substrate is an architectural transparent body, the thickness of the substrate 12 may be 1 mm to 30 mm, e.g., 2.5 mm to 25 mm, e.g., 2.5 mm to 10 mm. As used herein, the term “architectural transparent body” refers to any transparent body placed in a building, such as windows or skylights, but is not limiting. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to use with such architectural transparent bodies and can be implemented in transparent bodies of any desired field, e.g., laminated or unlaminated residential and / or commercial windows, insulated glass units, and / or transparent bodies for land, air, space, water and underwater vehicles, and personal transparent bodies such as glass. Accordingly, it should be understood that the specifically disclosed exemplary embodiments are presented merely to illustrate the general concept of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these specific exemplary embodiments. Furthermore, while a typical "transparency" can have sufficient visible light transmittance to allow the material to be seen through it, in the implementation of the present invention, the "transparency" does not need to be transparent to visible light and may be semi-transparent or opaque.

[0037] In some embodiments, the substrate 12 can be monolithic glass. "Monolithic" means having a single structural support or structural member, for example, having a single substrate.

[0038] The substrate 12 comprises a first side including a first surface 14 and a second side including a second surface 16, the second surface 16 being on the opposite side of the first surface 14.

[0039] A patterned feature is provided on the second side of the substrate 12. As used herein, “patterned feature” means one or more designs that extend across the entire substrate, and this design may be a repeating design across the entire substrate. The patterned feature may include a symmetrical pattern. The patterned feature may include an asymmetrical pattern.

[0040] Patterned features can be formed on the second surface 16 of the second side of the substrate 12 and may include microablations 18. As used herein, “microablation” refers to an area of ​​the substrate that has been abraded away by a chemical or mechanical process. Non-limiting embodiments of microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 are shown in Figures 1A to 1C.

[0041] The microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, a symmetrical patterned microablation 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 may have a width of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches, at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 may be arranged across the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from one another. For example, the microablations 18 may be spaced at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from one another across the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12. Alternatively, the microablations 18 may be spaced at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), at least 3 inches (76.2 mm), or at least 4 inches (101.6 mm) from one another across the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12. As shown in Figure 1A, the microablations 18 may be spaced horizontally across the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12 with respect to the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12. If the substrate 12 is a building transparent body installed in a building, the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12 will be closest to the building's roof and parallel to the building's roof. If the microablations 18 are arranged horizontally across the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12, the microablations 18 will be parallel to the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 1B, the microablations 18 may be arranged vertically across the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12, so that the microablations 18 on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 are oriented in the direction of gravity. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 1C, the microablations 18 may be arranged diagonally across the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12.In one non-limiting embodiment, the microablations 18 are arranged horizontally along the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 and spaced apart from each other by 1 inch or less. In one non-limiting embodiment, the microablations 18 are arranged horizontally along the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 and spaced apart from each other by at least 2 inches. In one non-limiting embodiment, the microablations 18 are arranged vertically along the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 and spaced apart from each other by 1 inch or less. In one non-limiting embodiment, the microablations 18 are arranged vertically along the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 and spaced apart from each other by at least 4 inches.

[0042] The microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 may include an asymmetric pattern. The asymmetric pattern microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 may be in the form of multiple overlapping randomly oriented stripes, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. The asymmetric pattern of microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 may take the form of a spiderweb design (e.g., the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2). The functional coating 20 may be applied to the second side of the substrate 12, the second side including the second surface 16. The functional coating 20 may be a sun-controlled coating. As used herein, the term “sun-controlled coating” means a coating consisting of one or more layers or films that affect the sun-controlled properties of the coated article (e.g., the amount of solar radiation (e.g., visible, infrared, or ultraviolet radiation) reflected from, absorbed by, or passed through the coated article, but not limited to these; shading coefficient; emissivity, etc.). The functional coating 20 may block, absorb, or filter selected portions of the solar spectrum, e.g., the IR spectrum, UV spectrum, and / or visible spectrum, but not limited to these.

[0043] The functional coatings 20 described herein can be deposited by any useful method, including but not limited to conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and / or physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. Examples of CVD processes include spray pyrolysis. Examples of PVD processes include electron beam deposition and vacuum sputtering (such as magnetron sputter vapor deposition (MSVD)). Other coating methods, including but not limited to sol-gel deposition, slot die coating deposition, or printing deposition (e.g., screen printing or inkjet printing), may also be used. In one non-limiting embodiment, the functional coating 20 can be deposited by MSVD. Examples of MSVD coating apparatus and methods are well understood by those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,379,040, 4,861,669, 4,898,789, 4,898,790, 4,900,633, 4,920,006, 4,938,857, 5,328,768 and 5,492,750.

[0044] The functional coating 20 is applied to at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, where the second side has patterned features. In one embodiment, the functional coating 20 may be applied to the second side of the substrate 12, where the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 has patterned features. For example, the functional coating 20 may be applied to the second side of the substrate 12, where microablations 18 are formed on the second surface 16 of the second side of the substrate 12. In another embodiment, the functional coating 20 placed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features. If the functional coating 20 placed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features, there are no formed microablations 18 on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12.

[0045] The functional coating 20 may be a single metal coating 21 (e.g., one metal layer), a double metal coating 22 (e.g., two metal layers), a triple metal coating 23 (e.g., three metal layers), or a quadruple metal coating 24 (e.g., four metal layers). Exemplary non-limiting coatings suitable for a single metal coating 21 are shown in Figures 2A to 2C. Exemplary non-limiting coatings suitable for a double metal coating 22 are shown in Figures 3A to 3C. Exemplary non-limiting coatings suitable for a triple metal coating 23 are shown in Figures 4A to 4C. Exemplary non-limiting coatings suitable for a quadruple metal coating 24 are shown in Figures 5A to 5C.

[0046] An exemplary functional coating 20, as shown in Figure 2A, includes one metal layer (i.e., a single metal coating 21). The single metal coating 21 includes a base layer 30 disposed on and in direct contact with the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The base layer 30 may be disposed on and in direct contact with part or all of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The metal layer 40 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the base layer 30. An optional first primer layer 42 may be disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the metal layer 40. The top layer 110 is disposed on or in direct contact with any first primer layer 42 or at least part of the metal layer 40. An optional outermost protective coating 120 may be disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the top layer 110.

[0047] An exemplary functional coating 20 includes two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22), as shown in Figure 3A. The double metal coating 22 includes a base layer 30 disposed on and in direct contact with the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The base layer 30 may be disposed on and in direct contact with part or all of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The metal layer 40 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the base layer 30. An optional first primer layer 42 may be disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the metal layer 40. The second layer 50 is disposed on or in direct contact with any first primer layer 42 or at least part of the metal layer 40. The second metal layer 60 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the second layer 50. An optional second primer layer 62 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the second metal layer 60. The top layer 110 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of any second primer layer 62 or second metal layer 60. Any outermost protective coating 120 may be placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the top layer 110.

[0048] An exemplary functional coating 20 includes three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23), as shown in Figure 4A. The triple metal coating 23 includes a base layer 30 disposed on and in direct contact with the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The base layer 30 may be disposed on and in direct contact with part or all of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The metal layer 40 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the base layer 30. An optional first primer layer 42 may be disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the metal layer 40. The second layer 50 is disposed on or in direct contact with any first primer layer 420 or at least part of the metal layer 40. The second metal layer 60 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the second layer 50. An optional second primer layer 62 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least part of the second metal layer 60. The third layer 70 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of any second primer layer 62 or second metal layer 60. The third metal layer 80 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the third layer 70. Any third primer layer 82 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the third metal layer 80. The top layer 110 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of any third primer layer 82 or third metal layer 80. Any outermost protective coating 120 may be placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the top layer 110.

[0049] An exemplary functional coating 20 includes four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24), as shown in Figure 5A. The quadruple metal coating 24 includes a base layer 30 disposed on and in direct contact with the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The base layer 30 may be disposed on and in direct contact with the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The metal layer 40 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the base layer 30. An optional first primer layer 42 may be disposed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the metal layer 40. The second layer 50 is disposed on or in direct contact with any first primer layer 42 or at least a portion of the metal layer 40. The second metal layer 60 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the second layer 50. An optional second primer layer 62 is disposed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the second metal layer 60. The third layer 70 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of any second primer layer 62 or second metal layer 60. The third metal layer 80 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the third layer 70. Any third primer layer 82 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the third metal layer 80. The fourth layer 90 is placed on or in direct contact with any third primer layer 82 or third metal layer 80. The fourth metal layer 100 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the fourth layer 90. Any fourth primer layer 102 is placed on or in direct contact with the fourth metal layer 100. The top layer 110 is placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of any fourth primer layer 102 or fourth metal layer 100. Any outermost protective coating 120 can be placed on or in direct contact with at least a portion of the top layer 110.

[0050] The metal layers 40, 60, 80, and 100 described herein can be continuous or discontinuous.

[0051] Exemplary and non-limiting functional coatings 20 of the present invention are shown in Figures 2A to 42, 3A to 3C, 4A to 4C, and 5A to 5C. This functional coating 20 includes a base layer 30 disposed on a second side of a substrate 12 and in contact with a second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The base layer 30 includes a first film 32. As shown in Figures 2B to 2C, 3B to 3C, 4B to 4C, and 5B to 5C, the base layer 30 includes a first film 32 disposed in direct contact with the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, and a second film 34 disposed in direct contact with the first film 32.

[0052] The functional coating 20 includes a base layer 30 disposed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 in direct contact with it. The base layer 30 may include a first film 32 disposed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 in direct contact with it, and a second film 34 disposed on the first film 32 in direct contact with it. The first film 32 may be disposed on a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 or on the entire second surface 16 of the substrate 12 in direct contact with it. The base layer 30 can be transparent to visible light.

[0053] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may include oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, or mixtures thereof of metals or metal alloys. Suitable examples of metal oxides, metal nitrides, and / or metal oxynitrides include oxides, nitrides, and / or oxynitrides of titanium, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, zinc, bismuth, lead, indium, tin, aluminum, silicon, and mixtures thereof. Metal oxides may contain small amounts of other substances, such as manganese in bismuth oxide or tin indium oxide. In addition, oxides or nitrides of metal alloys or metal mixtures may be used, for example, oxides containing zinc and tin (e.g., zinc stannate as defined below), oxides of indium-tin alloys, silicon nitrides, silicon-aluminum nitrides, or aluminum nitrides. Furthermore, doped metal oxides, such as tin oxide of antimony or indium, or silicon oxide doped with nickel or boron, may be used. Alternatively, the first film 32 of the base layer 30 may include a transparent conductive oxide. The transparent conductive oxide can be a doped metal oxide, for example, gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MZO), or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may contain silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum silicon nitride, aluminum silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum silicon oxynitride, zinc stannate, or tin oxide.

[0054] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 comprises silicon nitride or silicon oxide and may be sputtered from a single cathode containing silicon. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 comprises silicon aluminum nitride or silicon aluminum oxide and may be sputtered from two cathodes (e.g., one silicon and one aluminum) or from a single cathode containing both silicon and aluminum. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be silicon aluminum nitride or silicon aluminum oxide comprising 5% to 20% by weight of aluminum and 95% to 80% by weight of silicon, for example 10% to 20% by weight of aluminum and 90% to 80% by weight of silicon, for example 20% to 25% by weight of aluminum and 80% to 75% by weight of silicon. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be silicon aluminum nitride or silicon aluminum oxide comprising silicon and aluminum in amounts of at least 95% by weight of silicon and at least 5% by weight of aluminum. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be a silicon aluminum nitride or silicon aluminum oxide containing silicon and aluminum in amounts of at least 90% by weight of silicon and at least 10% by weight of aluminum. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be a silicon aluminum nitride or silicon aluminum oxide containing silicon and aluminum in amounts of at least 85% by weight of silicon and at least 15% by weight of aluminum. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be a silicon aluminum nitride or silicon aluminum oxide containing silicon and aluminum in amounts of at least 80% by weight of silicon and at least 20% by weight of aluminum. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be a silicon aluminum nitride or silicon aluminum oxide containing silicon and aluminum in amounts of at least 75% by weight of silicon and at least 25% by weight of aluminum.

[0055] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be formed by sputtering silicon or silicon aluminum in a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere having a specific flow rate that forms an N2 atmosphere greater than 0% and less than or equal to 100%. This flow rate is an approximation of the amount of N2 in the atmosphere, but those skilled in the art will recognize that if there is leakage from the external atmosphere into the coating chamber, N2 and / or oxygen (O2) may leak into the coating chamber. For example, the N2 flow rate in the coating chamber (i.e., the N2 concentration in the atmosphere in the chamber where the material is deposited) can be in the range of 10% to 100%, for example 20% to 100%, for example 30% to 100%, for example 40% to 100%, for example 50% to 100%.

[0056] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be formed by sputtering silicon or silicon aluminum in an oxygen (O2) atmosphere having a specific flow rate that forms an O2 atmosphere greater than 0% and less than or equal to 50%. This flow rate is an approximation of the amount of O2 in the atmosphere, but those skilled in the art will recognize that if there is leakage from the external atmosphere into the coating chamber, N2 and / or O2 may leak into the coating chamber. For example, the O2 flow rate in the coating chamber (i.e., the O2 concentration in the atmosphere in the chamber where the material is deposited) can be greater than 0% and in the range of, for example, 0% to 50%, for example, 10% to 50%, for example, 20% to 30%, for example, 20% to 40%, for example, 20% to 50%, for example, 30% to 40%, or for example, 30% to 50%.

[0057] In either case (N2 or O2 atmosphere), the remainder of the atmosphere can be an inert gas such as argon.

[0058] Tin oxide can be deposited in an oxygen (O2) environment from a tin target, or from a tin target containing other materials to improve the sputtering properties of the target. For example, the O2 flow rate (i.e., the concentration of O2 in the atmosphere of the chamber where the material is deposited) can be up to 90% O2, e.g., 90% O2, 85% O2, 80% O2, 75% O2, 70% O2. The remainder of the atmosphere can be an inert gas such as argon. Tin oxide can be obtained from magnetron sputtering vacuum deposition from a tin target or a tin and zinc target. For example, the tin target can contain a small amount of zinc (e.g., up to 20 wt, up to 15 wt%, up to 10 wt%, or up to 5 wt%). In that case, the resulting tin oxide film will contain a small amount of zinc oxide, e.g., up to 20 wt%, up to 10 wt%, or up to 5 wt%). A coating layer deposited from a tin target having 0% to a maximum of 20% by weight of zinc is referred to herein as a “tin oxide film.” The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be a tin oxide film in which tin is substantially the only metal in the first film 32. As used herein, “substantially free” means that the tin oxide film contains less than 0.5% by weight of additional metals other than tin. The tin oxide film 32 may contain 80% by weight of tin oxide and 20% by weight of zinc oxide. The tin oxide film 32 may contain 90% by weight of tin oxide and 10% by weight of zinc oxide.

[0059] "Zinc stannate" is Zn X Sn 1-X O 2-X (Equation 1) represents the composition, where "x" varies in the range greater than 0 and less than 1. For example, "x" can be any fraction or decimal greater than 0 and less than 1. For example, when x = 2 / 3, Equation 1 is Zn 2 / 3 Sn 1 / 3 O 4 / 3 This is more commonly written as "Zn2SnO4". Zinc stanate-containing films have one or more of the forms of formula 1 in the layers in a predominant amount.

[0060] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 can have a total thickness of 10 nm to 45 nm, for example 15 nm to 40 nm, for example 20 nm to 35 nm, for example 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0061] The second film 34 of the base layer 30 may include anti-reflective and / or dielectric materials, and may include, for example, oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, or mixtures thereof of metals or metal alloys, but are not limited to these. Examples of metal oxides suitable for the second film 34 of the base layer 30 include oxides of titanium, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, zinc, bismuth, lead, indium, tin, aluminum, silicon, and mixtures thereof. These metal oxides may contain small amounts of other substances, such as manganese in bismuth oxide or tin in indium oxide. In addition, oxides of metal alloys or metal mixtures can be used, for example, oxides containing zinc and tin, oxides of indium-tin alloys, oxides containing zinc and aluminum, silicon nitrides, silicon-aluminum nitrides, or aluminum nitrides. Furthermore, doped metal oxides, such as tin oxide doped with antimony or indium, or silicon oxide doped with nickel or boron, can be used. The second film 34 of the base layer 30 may also include transparent conductive oxides. The transparent conductive oxide of the second film 34 of the base layer can be a doped metal oxide, for example, gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MZO), or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO).

[0062] The second film 34 of the base layer 30 can be a zinc / tin alloy oxide. The term "zinc / tin alloy oxide" means both a true alloy and a mixture of oxides. Zinc oxide can be deposited from a zinc target containing other materials to improve the sputtering characteristics of the target. In that way, the zinc / tin alloy oxide can be obtained from magnetron sputtering vacuum deposition from targets of zinc and tin. For example, the zinc target can contain a small amount (e.g., up to 20 wt%, up to 15 wt%, up to 10 wt% or up to 5 wt%) of tin to improve sputtering. In that case, the resulting zinc oxide film will contain a small amount of tin oxide, e.g., up to 10 wt% of tin oxide, e.g., up to 5 wt% of tin oxide. A coating layer deposited from a zinc target having up to 10 wt% of tin (added to increase the conductivity of the target) is referred to herein as a "zinc oxide film" even if a small amount of tin may be present. One non-limiting target can contain zinc and tin in a ratio of 5 wt% to 95 wt% of zinc and 95 wt% to 5 wt% of tin, e.g., in a ratio of 10 wt% to 90 wt% of zinc and 90 wt% to 10 wt% of tin. However, other ratios of zinc to tin can also be used.

[0063] The second film 34 of the base layer 30 can be composed of a film of zinc oxide or a film of aluminum zinc oxide (Al x Zn 1-x oxide). The term "aluminum / zinc alloy oxide" means both a true alloy and a mixture of oxides. In that way, the aluminum / zinc alloy oxide can be obtained from magnetron sputtering vacuum deposition from targets of zinc and aluminum and can contain a small amount (e.g., less than 10 wt%, e.g., greater than 0 wt% to 5 wt%) of tin to improve sputtering. In that case, the resulting aluminum zinc oxide film will contain a small amount of tin oxide, e.g., from 0 wt% to less than 10 wt%, e.g., from 0 wt% to 5 wt% of tin oxide. The second film 34 of the base layer 30 is Al x Zn 1-xIt may contain oxides, where x is in the range of 1% to 25% by weight, for example, 1% to 15% by weight, for example, 1% to 10% by weight, for example, 2% to 5% by weight. In one non-limiting embodiment, x is 3% by weight.

[0064] The second film 34 of the base layer 30 may consist of a film of titanium oxide, which is defined as a compound containing both titanium and oxygen. The titanium oxide may include, for example, titanium oxide, titanium aluminum oxide, titanium oxynitride, titanium aluminum oxynitride, or any mixture thereof.

[0065] The second film 34 of the base layer 30 can have a total thickness of 5 nm to 20 nm, for example, 8 nm to 20 nm, or for example, 10 nm to 15 nm.

[0066] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may contain tin oxide disposed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 in direct contact with it, and the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may contain zinc oxide disposed on the first film 32 in direct contact with it. Alternatively, the first film 32 of the base layer 30 may contain zinc stannate disposed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 in direct contact with it, and the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may contain zinc oxide disposed on the first film 32 in direct contact with it.

[0067] The first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may be made of the same material. For example, both the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may be made of the same transparent conductive oxide, such as gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MZO), or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO).

[0068] The base layer 30 may include three films. The base layer 30 may include a first film 32 placed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 in direct contact with it, a second film 34 placed on the first film 32 in direct contact with it, and a third film placed on the second film 34 in direct contact with it.

[0069] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may contain tin oxide disposed in direct contact with it on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, the second film 34 may contain zinc stannate disposed in direct contact with it on the first film 32, and the third film may contain zinc oxide disposed in direct contact with it on the second film 34.

[0070] Alternatively, the base layer 30 may be composed of a single film. For example, the base layer 30 may be composed of a single film of a transparent conductive oxide, such as gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MZO), or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO).

[0071] The base layer 30 can have a total thickness of 20 nm to 50 nm, for example 25 nm to 45 nm, or for example 30 nm to 45 nm (for example, the combined thickness of the first film 32 and the second film 34).

[0072] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 placed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may also be formed on a first film 32 placed on at least a portion of the second surface of the substrate 12. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. If the patterned features are formed on the first film 32, the second film 34 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The metal layer 40 is in direct contact with the second film 34 of the base layer 30. An example of a coated article with symmetrical patterned features including a stripe 25 is shown in Figure 6. Additional layers of the functional coating 20 are not shown in Figure 6.

[0073] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 placed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may also be formed on a second film 34 placed on at least a portion of the first film 32. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. If the patterned features are formed on the second film 34, the metal layer 40 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the second film 34 of the base layer 30 and at least a portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 is placed in direct contact with the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. An example of a coated article with symmetrical patterned features including a stripe 25 is shown in Figure 7. Additional layers of the functional coating 20 are not shown in Figure 7.

[0074] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 disposed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, and the base layer 30 includes three films, the patterned features may be formed on a first film 32 disposed on at least a portion of the second surface 216 of the substrate 12. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. If the patterned features are formed on the first film 32, the second film 34 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The third film is disposed in direct contact with the second film 34.

[0075] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 disposed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, and if the base layer 30 includes three films, the patterned features may be formed on a second film 34 disposed on at least a portion of the first film 32. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. If the patterned features are formed on the second film 34, the third film is in direct contact with at least a portion of the second film 34 and at least a portion of the first film 32. The first film 32 is in direct contact with the second surface 16 of the substrate 12.

[0076] The patterned features of the first film 32 or the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, the symmetrical pattern may include a stripe 25 that extends over at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The width of the stripe 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches, at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from each other. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be placed across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), at least 3 inches (76.9 mm), or at least 4 inches (101.6 mm).

[0077] The patterned features of the first film 32 or the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may include an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), for example 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), for example 0.5 inches, for example 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or for example 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of a spiderweb design (for example, the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0078] If the first film 32 of the base layer 30 has patterned features, there are no microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12.

[0079] Figures 8A to 8C illustrate non-limiting embodiments of a coated article 10 having patterned features including a symmetrical pattern of stripes 25 formed on a functional coating 20 positioned on at least a portion of the second side of a substrate 12. As shown in Figure 8A, the stripes 25 may be positioned horizontally across the entire substrate 12 with respect to the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12. If the substrate 12 is an architectural transparent body installed in a building, the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12 is positioned closest to the roof of the building and parallel to the roof of the building. If the stripes 25 are positioned horizontally across the entire substrate 12, the stripes 25 are parallel to the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12. As shown in Figure 8B, the stripes 25 may also be positioned vertically across the entire substrate 12, with the stripes 25 positioned in the direction of gravity. As shown in Figure 8C, the stripes 25 may be positioned diagonally across the entire substrate 12. For example, the stripes 25 may be positioned horizontally across the entire substrate 12, spaced less than one inch apart from each other. For example, the stripes 25 are arranged horizontally across the entire substrate 12 and spaced at least 2 inches apart from each other. For example, the stripes 25 are arranged vertically across the entire substrate 12 and spaced at least 1 inch apart from each other. For example, the stripes 25 are arranged vertically across the entire substrate 12 and spaced at least 4 inches apart from each other.

[0080] The metal layer 40 is deposited on at least a portion of the base layer 30 (for example, on at least a portion of the second film 34 or any third film of the base layer 30). The metal layer 40 may, but is not limited to, reflective metals such as metallic gold, copper, palladium, aluminum, silver, or mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the metal layer 40 includes a metallic silver layer. The metal layer 40 is a continuous layer. "Continuous layer" means that the coating forms a continuous film of material and does not form isolated coated areas.

[0081] The metal layer 40 can have a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 25 nm, for example 8 nm to 23 nm, for example 8 nm to 20 nm, for example 8 nm to 17 nm.

[0082] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 disposed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may also be formed on a metal layer 40 disposed on at least a portion of the base layer 30 (for example, on at least a portion of the second film 34 or any third film of the base layer 30). The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. The patterned features on the metal layer 40 may have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0083] When patterned features are formed on the metal layer 40 and the functional coating 20 is a single metal layer functional coating 21, the top layer 110 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the metal layer 40 and the patterned features of the metal layer 40. An example of a coated article with symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 17A.

[0084] If the patterned features are formed on the metal layer 40 and the functional coating 20 includes two or more metal layers (i.e., the functional coating 20 is a double metal layer functional coating 22, a triple metal layer functional coating 23, or a quadruple metal layer functional coating 24), the second layer 50 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the metal layer 40 and the patterned features of the metal layer 40. An example of a coated article with symmetrical patterned features including a stripe 25 is shown in Figure 17B.

[0085] Alternatively, if the patterned features are formed on the metal layer 40 and the functional coating 20 comprises two or more metal layers (i.e., the functional coating 20 is a single-metal-layer functional coating 21, a double-metal-layer functional coating 22, a triple-metal-layer functional coating 23, or a quadruple-metal-layer functional coating 24), the first primer layer 42 may be in direct contact with at least a portion of the metal layer 40 and the patterned features of the metal layer 40. An example of a coated article with symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 17C. Additional layers of the functional coating 20 are not shown in Figures 17A-17C.

[0086] The patterned features of the metal layer 40 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, the symmetrical pattern may include stripes 25 extending over at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The width of the stripes 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches, at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from each other. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be placed across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), at least 3 inches (76.9 mm), or at least 4 inches (101.6 mm).

[0087] The patterned features of the metal layer 40 may include an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), for example 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), for example 0.5 inches, for example 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or for example 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of a spiderweb design (for example, the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0088] If the metal layer 40 has patterned features, there are no microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. If the functional coating has patterned features on the metal layer 40, the patterned features on the metal layer 40 may be the only patterned features on the second side of the substrate 12.

[0089] The first primer layer 42 can be placed on top of the metal layer 40. The first primer layer 42 can be a single film or multiple film layers. The first primer layer 42 may include oxygen-scavenging material that may be sacrificed during the deposition process to prevent degradation or oxidation of the metal layer 40 during the sputtering process or subsequent heating process. The first primer layer 42 may also absorb at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, passing through the functional coating 20. Examples of materials useful for the first primer layer 42 include titanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, nickel, zirconium, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, titanium, aluminum, alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the first primer layer 42 includes titanium, titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, which are deposited as metals, and at least a portion of the titanium, or titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, is subsequently oxidized. In another embodiment, the primer layer 42 includes a nickel-chromium alloy such as Inconel. In another embodiment, the primer layer 42 contains a cobalt-chromium alloy such as Stellite®.

[0090] The first primer layer 42 can have a thickness in the range of 0.5 nm to 5 nm, for example, 1 nm to 4 nm, or for example, 1 nm to 2.5 nm.

[0091] In embodiments where two or more metal layers are present, the second layer 50 is placed on at least a portion of the metal layer 40 (for example, on the first primer layer 42). The second layer 50 may consist of a film containing one or more metal oxides, metal alloy oxides, metal nitrides, metal alloy nitrides, metal oxynitrides, or metal alloy oxynitrides, as described above with respect to the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30. For example, the second layer 50 may include a first film 52 containing a metal oxide (for example, zinc oxide or zinc aluminum oxide) deposited on at least a portion of the first primer layer 42, a second film 54 containing a metal oxide (for example, a zinc stanate film) deposited on at least a portion of the first film 52, and a third film 56 containing a metal oxide (for example, a zinc oxide film or zinc aluminum oxide film) deposited on at least a portion of the second film 54.

[0092] If the patterned features are formed on the functional coating 20 and functional coating located on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may also be formed on the second film 54 of the second layer 50. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may also be asymmetrical. If the patterned features are formed on the second film 54, the second film 54 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 52 and at least a portion of the third film 56. An example of a coated article with symmetrical patterned features including a stripe 25 is shown in Figure 15. Additional layers of the functional coating 20 are not shown in Figure 15. If the patterned features are formed on the functional coating 20 located on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, and the functional coating 20 has three metal layers, the patterned features may also be formed on the second film 54 of the second layer 50. Figure 16 shows an example of a coated article having a functional coating 23 with three metal layers and featuring symmetrical patterned characteristics including stripes 25.

[0093] The patterned features of the second film 54 of the second layer 50 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, the symmetrical pattern may include stripes 25 that extend over at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The width of the stripes 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches, at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from each other. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be placed across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), at least 3 inches (76.9 mm), or at least 4 inches (101.6 mm).

[0094] The patterned features of the second film 54 of the second layer 50 may include an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), for example 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), for example 0.5 inches, for example 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or for example 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of a spiderweb design (for example, the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0095] If the patterned features are present on the second film 54 of the second layer 50, there are no formed microablations 18 on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. If the functional coating has patterned features on the second film 54 of the second layer 50, the patterned features on the second film 54 of the second layer 50 may be the only patterned features on the second side of the substrate 12.

[0096] In one example, both a first film 54 and a third film 56 exist, each having a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 5 nm to 20 nm, for example 6 nm to 15 nm, for example 8 nm to 10 nm. The second film 54 can have a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 80 nm, for example 5 nm to 70 nm, for example 10 nm to 70 nm, for example 20 nm to 70 nm, for example 30 nm to 70 nm, for example 50 nm to 70 nm. The patterned features of the second film 54 can have a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm, or for example 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0097] The second layer 50 may have a total thickness in the range of 20 nm to 100 nm, for example 20 nm to 85 nm, or for example 25 nm to 80 nm (for example, the combined thickness of multiple films). If the second layer 50 has patterned features, the second layer 50 may have a total thickness in the range of 38 nm to 135 nm, for example 38 nm to 130 nm, or for example 42 nm to 130 nm (for example, the combined thickness of the film and the patterned features).

[0098] The second metal layer 60 can be formed on at least a portion of the second layer 50. The second metal layer 60 may, but is not limited to, reflective metals such as metallic gold, copper, palladium, aluminum, silver, or mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the second metal layer 60 includes a metallic silver layer.

[0099] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 which includes two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22) disposed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may be formed on at least a portion of the second layer 50, for example, on a second metal layer 60 disposed on at least a portion of the third film 56 of the second layer 50. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. The patterned features on the second metal layer 60 may have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0100] When the patterned features are formed on the second metal layer 60 and the functional coating 20 is a double metal layer functional coating 22, the top layer 110 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the second metal layer 60 and the patterned features of the metal layer 60. An example of a coated article with symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 18A. Alternatively, when the patterned features are formed on the second metal layer 60 and the functional coating 20 is a double metal layer functional coating 22, the second primer layer 62 may be in direct contact with at least a portion of the second metal layer 60 and the patterned features of the second metal layer 60. An example of a coated article having a functional coating with two metal layers 22 and symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 18B. Additional layers of the functional coating 22 are not shown in Figures 18A and 18B.

[0101] The patterned features of the second metal layer 60 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, the symmetrical pattern may include stripes 25 extending over at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The width of the stripes 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches, at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from each other. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be placed across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), at least 3 inches (76.9 mm), or at least 4 inches (101.6 mm).

[0102] The patterned features of the second metal layer 60 may include an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), for example 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), for example 0.5 inches, for example 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or for example 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of a spiderweb design (for example, the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0103] If the second metal layer 60 has patterned features, there are no microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. If the functional coating has patterned features on the second metal layer 60, the patterned features on the second metal layer 60 may be the only patterned features on the second side of the substrate 12.

[0104] In one embodiment, the second metal layer 60 is a continuous layer formed on at least a portion of the second layer 240. The second metal layer 60 is a continuous layer having a total thickness of 5 nm to 30 nm, for example 10 nm to 20 nm, for example 10 nm to 15 nm, or for example 10 nm to 12 nm.

[0105] In another embodiment, the second metal layer 60 is a discontinuous layer having a subcritical thickness, formed on at least a portion of the second layer 50. The metallic material, for example, but not limited to metallic gold, copper, palladium, aluminum, silver, or mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof, is applied at a subcritical thickness such that isolated regions or islands of material are formed, rather than continuous layers of material. In the case of silver, the critical thickness has been determined to be less than 5 nm, e.g., less than 4 nm, e.g., less than 3 nm, e.g., less than 2.5 nm. In the case of silver, the transition between the continuous layer and the subcritical layer occurs in the range of 2.5 nm to 5 nm. For copper, the effective thickness has been determined to be a maximum of 9 nm, e.g., a maximum of 5 nm, e.g., a maximum of 4 nm, e.g., a maximum of 3.6 nm, e.g., a maximum of 2.6 nm, e.g., a maximum of 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.3 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.6 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm. Copper, gold, and palladium are estimated to exhibit similar subcritical behavior within this range. In one non-limiting embodiment, the second metal layer 60 contains island-like silver, the effective thickness of the islands being a maximum of 7 nm, e.g., a maximum of 4 nm, e.g., a maximum of 3.5 nm, e.g., a maximum of 3 nm, e.g., a maximum of 2.5 nm, e.g., a maximum of 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm, e.g., at least 1 nm.In another embodiment, the second metal layer 60 comprises island-shaped copper, with an effective thickness of up to 9 nm, e.g., up to 5 nm, e.g., up to 4 nm, e.g., up to 3.6 nm, e.g., up to 2.6 nm, e.g., up to 2 nm, e.g., up to 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.3 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.6 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm, and optionally comprises island-shaped silver, with an effective thickness of up to 7 nm, e.g., up to 4 nm, e.g., up to 3.5 nm, e.g., up to 3 nm, e.g., up to 2.5 nm, e.g., up to 2 nm, e.g., up to 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm, e.g., at least 1 nm. The second metal layer 60 absorbs electromagnetic radiation according to plasmon resonance theory. This absorption depends, at least partially, on the boundary conditions at the interface of the metal islands. The second metal layer 60 is not an infrared reflective layer like metal layer 40. In the case of silver and copper, the height of the metallic islands or balls of silver and copper metal deposited to a thickness less than the subcritical thickness is estimated to be about 2 nm to 7 nm, for example, 5 nm to 7 nm. If the subcritical metal layer can be spread uniformly, its thickness is estimated to be about 1.1 nm. Optically, the discontinuous metal layer is estimated to behave as an effective layer thickness of 2.6 nm. Depositing the discontinuous metal layer on zinc stannate rather than zinc oxide or zinc aluminum oxide appears to increase the visible light absorption rate of the coating (e.g., the discontinuous metal layer).

[0106] The second primer layer 62 can be placed on top of the second metal layer 60. The second primer layer 62 can be a single film or multiple film layers. The second primer layer 62 may contain oxygen-scavenging material that may be sacrificed during the deposition process to prevent degradation or oxidation of the second metal layer 60 during the sputtering process or subsequent heating process. The second primer layer 62 may also absorb at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, passing through the functional coating 20. Examples of materials useful for the second primer layer 62 include titanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, nickel, zirconium, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, titanium, aluminum, their alloys, or mixtures thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the second primer layer 62 includes titanium, titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, which are deposited as metals, and at least a portion of the titanium, or titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, is subsequently oxidized. In another embodiment, the second primer layer 62 includes a nickel-chromium alloy such as Inconel. In another embodiment, the second primer layer 62 contains a cobalt-chromium alloy such as Stellite®.

[0107] The second primer layer 62 can have a thickness in the range of 0.5 nm to 5 nm, for example, 1 nm to 4 nm, or for example, 1 nm to 2.5 nm.

[0108] In embodiments where three or more metal layers are present, the third layer 70 is positioned on at least a portion of the second metal layer 60 (for example, on the second primer layer 62). The third layer 70 may consist of a film containing one or more metal oxides, metal alloy oxides, metal nitrides, metal alloy nitrides, metal oxynitrides, or metal alloy oxynitrides, as described above with respect to the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30. For example, the third layer 70 may include a first film 72 containing a metal oxide (for example, zinc oxide or zinc aluminum oxide) deposited on at least a portion of the second primer layer 62, a second film 74 containing a metal oxide (for example, a zinc stanate film) deposited on at least a portion of the first film 72, and a third film 76 containing a metal oxide (for example, a zinc oxide film or zinc aluminum oxide film) deposited on at least a portion of the second film 74.

[0109] The third layer 70 has a total thickness (for example, the combined thickness of multiple layers) in the range of 20 nm to 100 nm, for example 20 nm to 80 nm, for example 20 nm to 50 nm, or for example 25 nm to 40 nm.

[0110] In one example, both the first film 72 and the third film 76 exist, each having a thickness in the range of 5nm to 20nm, for example 5nm to 20nm, for example 7nm to 15nm, for example 8nm to 15nm, for example 9.5nm to 10nm. The second film 74 can have a thickness in the range of 10nm to 80nm, for example 20nm to 70nm, for example 30nm to 60nm, for example 38nm to 50nm, for example 38nm to 45nm.

[0111] The third metal layer 80 can be formed on at least a portion of the third layer 70. The third metal layer 80 may include, but is not limited to, reflective metals such as metallic gold, copper, palladium, aluminum, silver, or mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the third metal layer 80 includes a metallic silver layer.

[0112] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23) arranged on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may also be formed on a third metal layer 80 arranged on at least a portion of the third layer 70, for example, on at least a portion of the third film 76 of the third layer 70. The patterned features on the third metal layer 80 may have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical.

[0113] When the patterned features are formed on the third metal layer 80 and the functional coating 20 is a triple-layer metal functional coating 23, the top layer 110 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the third metal layer 80 and the patterned features of the third metal layer 80. An example of a coated article having a functional coating 23 with three metal layers and featuring symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 19A. Alternatively, when the patterned features are formed on the third metal layer 80 and the functional coating 20 is a triple-layer metal functional coating 23, the third primer layer 82 may be in direct contact with at least a portion of the third metal layer 80 and the patterned features of the third metal layer 80. An example of a coated article having a functional coating 23 with three metal layers and featuring symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 19B. Additional layers of the functional coating 23 are not shown in Figures 19A and 19B.

[0114] The patterned features of the third metal layer 80 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, the symmetrical pattern may include stripes 25 extending over at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The width of the stripes 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches, at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from each other. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be placed across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), at least 3 inches (76.9 mm), or at least 4 inches (101.6 mm).

[0115] The patterned features of the third metal layer 80 may include an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), for example 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), for example 0.5 inches, for example 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or for example 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of a spiderweb design (for example, the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0116] If the third metal layer 80 has patterned features, there are no microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. If the functional coating has patterned features on the third metal layer 80, the patterned features on the third metal layer 80 may be the only patterned features on the second side of the substrate 12.

[0117] In one embodiment, the third metal layer 80 is a continuous layer formed on at least a portion of the third layer 70. The third metal layer 80 is a continuous layer having a total thickness of, for example, 2.5 nm to 30 nm, for example, 5 nm to 30 nm, for example, 5 nm to 20 nm, for example, 7 nm to 20 nm, for example, 12 nm to 18 nm, or for example, 15 nm to 18 nm.

[0118] In another embodiment, the third metal layer 80 is a discontinuous layer having a subcritical thickness, formed on at least a portion of the third layer 70. The metallic material, for example, but not limited to metallic gold, copper, palladium, aluminum, silver, or mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof, is applied at a subcritical thickness such that isolated regions or islands of material are formed, rather than continuous layers of material. In the case of silver, the critical thickness has been determined to be less than 5 nm, e.g., less than 4 nm, e.g., less than 3 nm, e.g., less than 2.5 nm. In the case of silver, the transition between the continuous layer and the subcritical layer occurs in the range of 2.5 nm to 5 nm. For copper, the effective thickness has been determined to be a maximum of 9 nm, e.g., a maximum of 5 nm, e.g., a maximum of 4 nm, e.g., a maximum of 3.6 nm, e.g., a maximum of 2.6 nm, e.g., a maximum of 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.3 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.6 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm. Copper, gold, and palladium are estimated to exhibit similar subcritical behavior within this range. In one non-limiting embodiment, the third metal layer 80 comprises island-like silver, the effective thickness of the islands being a maximum of 7 nm, e.g., a maximum of 4 nm, e.g., a maximum of 3.5 nm, e.g., a maximum of 3 nm, e.g., a maximum of 2.5 nm, e.g., a maximum of 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm, e.g., at least 1 nm.In another embodiment, the third metal layer 80 comprises island-shaped copper, with an effective thickness of up to 9 nm, e.g., up to 5 nm, e.g., up to 40 nm, e.g., up to 3.6 nm, e.g., up to 2.6 nm, e.g., up to 2 nm, e.g., up to 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.3 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.6 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm, and optionally comprises island-shaped silver, with an effective thickness of up to 7 nm, e.g., up to 4 nm, e.g., up to 3.5 nm, e.g., up to 3 nm, e.g., up to 2.5 nm, e.g., up to 2 nm, e.g., up to 1.7 nm, and at least 0.1 nm, e.g., at least 0.2 nm, e.g., at least 0.4 nm, e.g., at least 0.5 nm, e.g., at least 0.7 nm, e.g., at least 1 nm. The third metal layer 80 absorbs electromagnetic radiation according to plasmon resonance theory. This absorption depends, at least partially, on the boundary conditions at the interface of the metal islands. The third metal layer 80 is not an infrared reflective layer like metal layer 40. In the case of silver and copper, the height of the metal islands or metal spheres of silver and copper metal deposited to a thickness less than the subcritical thickness is estimated to be about 2 nm to 7 nm, for example, 5 nm to 7 nm. If the subcritical metal layer can be spread uniformly, its thickness is estimated to be about 1.1 nm. Optically, the discontinuous metal layer is estimated to behave as an effective layer thickness of 2.6 nm.

[0119] The third primer layer 82 can be placed on top of the third metal layer 80. The third primer layer 82 can be a single film or multiple film layers. The third primer layer 82 may contain oxygen-scavenging material that may be sacrificed during the deposition process to prevent degradation or oxidation of the third metal layer 80 during the sputtering process or subsequent heating process. The third primer layer 82 may also absorb at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, passing through the functional coating 20. Examples of materials useful for the third primer layer 82 include titanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, nickel, zirconium, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, titanium, aluminum, alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the third primer layer 82 includes titanium, titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, which are deposited as metals, and at least a portion of the titanium, or titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, is subsequently oxidized. In another embodiment, the third primer layer 82 includes a nickel-chromium alloy such as Inconel. In another embodiment, the third primer layer 82 comprises a cobalt-chromium alloy such as Stellite®.

[0120] The third primer layer 82 can have a thickness in the range of 0.5 nm to 5 nm, for example, 1 nm to 4 nm, or for example, 1 nm to 2.5 nm.

[0121] In embodiments where four or more metal layers are present, the fourth layer 90 is positioned on at least a portion of the third metal layer 80 (for example, on the third primer layer 82). The fourth layer 90 may consist of a film containing one or more metal oxides, metal alloy oxides, metal nitrides, metal alloy nitrides, metal oxynitrides, or metal alloy oxynitrides, as described above with respect to the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30. For example, the fourth layer 90 may include a first film 92 containing a metal oxide (e.g., zinc oxide or zinc aluminum oxide) deposited on at least a portion of the third primer layer 82, a second film 94 containing a metal oxide (e.g., zinc stanate film) deposited on at least a portion of the first film 92, and a third film 96 containing a metal oxide (e.g., zinc oxide film or zinc aluminum oxide film) deposited on at least a portion of the second film 94.

[0122] The fourth layer 90 has a total thickness (for example, the combined thickness of multiple layers) in the range of 20nm to 100nm, for example 40nm to 90nm, for example 50nm to 90nm, for example 65nm to 80nm, for example 30nm to 40nm.

[0123] In one example, both the first film 92 and the third film 96 exist, each having a thickness in the range of 5nm to 20nm, for example 7.5nm to 15nm, for example 8nm to 15nm, or for example 9.5nm to 10nm. The second film 94 can have a thickness in the range of 10nm to 80nm, for example 20nm to 70nm, for example 30nm to 60nm, for example 38nm to 50nm, or for example 38nm to 45nm.

[0124] The fourth metal layer 100 can be formed on at least a portion of the fourth layer 90. The fourth metal layer 100 may include, but is not limited to, reflective metals such as metallic gold, copper, palladium, aluminum, silver, or mixtures thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. The fourth metal layer 100 is a continuous layer. In some embodiments, the fourth metal layer 100 includes a metallic silver layer.

[0125] The fourth metal layer 100 is a continuous layer having a total thickness of 5 nm to 30 nm, for example 6 nm to 15 nm, for example 6 nm to 10 nm, for example 10 nm to 25 nm, for example 15 nm to 25 nm, for example 20 nm to 25 nm, for example 21 nm to 23 nm.

[0126] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) disposed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may also be formed on a fourth metal layer 100 disposed on at least a portion of the fourth layer 90, for example, on at least a portion of the third film 96 of the fourth layer 90. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. The patterned features on the fourth metal layer 100 may have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0127] When the patterned features are formed on the fourth metal layer 100 and the functional coating 20 is a quadruple-layer metal functional coating 24, the top layer 110 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the fourth metal layer 100 and the patterned features of the fourth metal layer 100. An example of a coated article having a functional coating 24 with four metal layers and featuring symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 20A. Alternatively, when the patterned features are formed on the fourth metal layer 100 and the functional coating 20 is a quadruple-layer metal functional coating 24, the fourth primer layer 102 may be in direct contact with at least a portion of the fourth metal layer 100 and the patterned features of the fourth metal layer 100. An example of a coated article having a functional coating 24 with four metal layers and featuring symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 20B. Additional layers of the functional coating 24 are not shown in Figures 20A and 20B.

[0128] The patterned features of the fourth metal layer 100 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, the patterned features may include stripes 25 extending over at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The width of the stripes 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches, at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from each other. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be placed across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), at least 3 inches (76.9 mm), or at least 4 inches (101.6 mm).

[0129] The patterned features of the fourth metal layer 100 may include an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), for example 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), for example 0.5 inches, for example 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or for example 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of a spiderweb design (for example, the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0130] If the fourth metal layer 100 has patterned features, there are no microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. If the functional coating has patterned features on the fourth metal layer 100, the patterned features on the fourth metal layer 100 may be the only patterned features on the second side of the substrate 12.

[0131] The fourth primer layer 102 is placed on the fourth metal layer 100. The fourth primer layer 102 may be a single film or multiple film layers. The fourth primer layer 102 may include oxygen-scavenging materials that may be sacrificed during the deposition process to prevent degradation or oxidation of the fourth metal layer 100 during the sputtering process or subsequent heating process. The fourth primer layer 102 may also absorb at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, passing through the functional coating 20. Examples of materials useful for the fourth primer layer 102 include titanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, nickel, zirconium, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, titanium, aluminum, alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the fourth primer layer 102 includes titanium, titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, which are deposited as metals, and at least a portion of the titanium, or titanium and aluminum, or zinc and aluminum, is subsequently oxidized. In another embodiment, the fourth primer layer 102 comprises a nickel-chromium alloy such as Inconel. In yet another embodiment, the fourth primer layer 102 comprises a cobalt-chromium alloy such as Stellite®.

[0132] The fourth primer layer 102 can have a thickness in the range of 0.5 nm to 5 nm, for example, 1 nm to 4 nm, or for example, 1 nm to 2.5 nm.

[0133] The top layer 110 is positioned on top of the uppermost metal layer (for example, on top of the uppermost primer layer). In a single-layer metal functional coating 21, the top layer 110 is formed on at least a portion of the metal layer 40 (for example, on top of the first primer layer 42). In a double-layer metal functional coating 22, the top layer 110 is formed on at least a portion of the second metal layer 60 (for example, on top of the second primer layer 62). In a triple-layer metal functional coating 23, the top layer 110 is formed on at least a portion of the third metal layer 80 (for example, on top of the third primer layer 82). In a quadruple-layer metal functional coating 24, the top layer 110 is formed on at least a portion of the fourth metal layer 100 (for example, on top of the fourth primer layer 102).

[0134] The top layer 110 can be composed of one or more metal oxides, metal alloy oxides, metal nitrides, metal alloy nitrides, metal oxynitrides, or metal alloy oxide-containing films, as described above with respect to the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30. For example, the top layer 110 may comprise a first metal oxide film 112 (e.g., a zinc oxide film) deposited on top of the uppermost metal layer (e.g., on top of the uppermost primer layer), a second metal alloy film 114 (e.g., a zinc stanate film) deposited on at least a portion of the first metal oxide film 112 (Figures 2B, 3B, 4B, and 5B), and an arbitrary third metal alloy or metal alloy oxynitride film 116 (e.g., a zinc stanate film or a silicon aluminum oxynitride film) deposited on at least a portion of the second metal alloy film 114. For example, the top layer 110 may comprise a first metal alloy film 112 (e.g., a zinc stanate film) deposited on top of the uppermost metal layer (e.g., on top of the uppermost primer layer) and a metal oxynitride film 114 (e.g., a silicon aluminum oxynitride film) deposited on at least a portion of the first metal alloy film 112. The top layer 110 may comprise a first metal oxide film 112 (e.g., a zinc oxide film or an aluminum zinc oxide film) deposited on top of the uppermost metal layer (e.g., on top of the uppermost primer layer) and a second metal alloy film 114 (e.g., a zinc stanate film) deposited on at least a portion of the first film 112 and a third metal alloy oxynitride film 116 (e.g., a silicon aluminum oxynitride film) deposited on the second zinc stanate film 114 (Figures 2C, 3C, 4C, and 5C).The top layer 110 may include a first metal oxide film 112 (e.g., a zinc oxide film or an aluminum zinc oxide film) deposited on top of the uppermost metal layer (e.g., on top of the uppermost primer layer), a second metal alloy film 114 (e.g., a zinc stanate film) or a second metal oxide film 114 (e.g., a tin oxide film) deposited on at least a portion of the first film 112, and a third metal alloy film 116 (e.g., a zinc stanate film) or a third metal oxide film 116 (e.g., a tin oxide film) deposited on top of the second zinc stanate film 114 (Figures 2C, 3C, 4C, and 5C). In some non-limiting embodiments, the second film 114 and the third film 116 of the top layer 110 may be composed of the same material. For example, the second film 114 of the top layer 110 may contain zinc stannate, and the third film 116 of the top layer 110 may also contain zinc stannate. Alternatively, the second film 114 of the top layer 110 may contain tin oxide, and the third film 116 of the top layer 110 may also contain tin oxide.

[0135] If the patterned features are formed on a functional coating 20 placed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the patterned features may also be formed on a third film 116 of the top layer 110 placed on at least a portion of the second film 114 of the top layer 110. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. If the patterned features are formed on a third film 116 of the top layer 110, the third film 116 may be the outermost layer of the functional coating 20. An example of a coated article having symmetrical patterned features including a stripe 25 is shown in Figure 9.

[0136] The patterned features of the third film 116 of the top layer 110 may include a symmetrical pattern. For example, the symmetrical pattern may include a stripe 25 extending over at least a portion of the second film 114 of the top layer 110. The width of the stripe 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripe 25 may be arranged across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from one another. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), for example, at least 3 inches (76.2 mm), or for example, at least 4 inches (101.6 mm). If the substrate 12 is an architectural transparent body installed in a building, the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12 is positioned closest to the building's roof and parallel to the building's roof. The stripes 25 may be spaced horizontally across the entire substrate 12 (Figure 8A). If the stripes 25 are spaced horizontally across the entire substrate 12, the stripes 25 are parallel to the upper edge 15 of the substrate 12. The stripes 25 may be arranged vertically across the entire substrate 12, and the stripes 25 may be oriented in the direction of gravity (Figure 8B). The stripes 25 may be arranged diagonally across the entire substrate 12 (Figure 8C). In one non-limiting embodiment, the stripes 25 are arranged horizontally across the entire substrate 12, spaced apart from each other by less than 1 inch. In one non-limiting embodiment, the stripes 25 are arranged horizontally across the entire substrate 12, spaced apart from each other by at least 2 inches. In one non-limiting embodiment, the stripes 25 are arranged vertically across the entire substrate 12, spaced apart from each other by less than 1 inch.In one non-limiting embodiment, the stripes 25 are arranged vertically across the entire substrate 12 and spaced at least 4 inches apart from one another.

[0137] The patterned features of the third film 116 of the top layer 110 may include an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), e.g., 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), e.g., 0.5 inches, e.g., 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or e.g., 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may be in the form of a spiderweb design (e.g., the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0138] If the third film 116 of the top layer 110 has patterned features, there are no formed microablations 18 on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12.

[0139] If the third film 116 has patterned features, the total thickness of the third film 116 of the top layer 110 can be in the range of 3nm to 60nm, for example, 5nm to 55nm, 5nm to 50nm, 5nm to 40nm, 5nm to 35nm, 10nm to 55nm, 10nm to 50nm, 10nm to 40nm, 10nm to 35nm, 15nm to 55nm, 15nm to 50nm, 15nm to 40nm, or 15nm to 35nm.

[0140] The top layer 110 can have a total thickness (for example, the combined thickness of multiple layers) in the range of 25nm to 100nm, such as 25nm to 95nm, 30nm to 95nm, 35nm to 95nm, 40nm to 95nm, 45nm to 95nm, 50nm to 95nm, 25nm to 45nm, or 25nm to 40nm.

[0141] The functional coating 20 may include symmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in a first film 32 of a base layer 30 disposed on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, and symmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in a third film 116 of a top layer 110. Alternatively, the functional coating 20 may include asymmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in a first film 32 of a base layer 30 disposed on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, and asymmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in a third film 116 of a top layer 110.

[0142] The functional coating 20 may include symmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in the second film 34 of the base layer 30 disposed on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, and symmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in the third film 116 of the top layer 110. Alternatively, the functional coating 20 may include asymmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in the second film 34 of the base layer 30 disposed on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, and asymmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 in the third film 116 of the top layer 110.

[0143] The functional coating 20 may have only symmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 within the third film 116 of the top layer 110. Alternatively, the functional coating 20 may have only asymmetrical patterned features, including stripes 25 within the third film 116 of the top layer 110.

[0144] A functional coating 20 comprising a single metal layer (i.e., a single metal coating 21) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 in the metal layer 40. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising a single metal layer (i.e., a single metal coating 21) may have asymmetrical patterned features within the metal layer 40.

[0145] A functional coating 20 comprising two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 in the metal layer 40. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22) may have asymmetrical patterned features within the metal layer 40. A functional coating 20 comprising two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 in the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22) may have asymmetrical patterned features within the second metal layer 60.

[0146] A functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 in the metal layer 40. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23) may have asymmetrical patterned features within the metal layer 40. A functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 in the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23) may have asymmetrical patterned features within the second metal layer 60. A functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 in the third metal layer 80. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23) may have asymmetrical patterned features in the third metal layer 80.

[0147] A functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 on the metal layer 40. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) may have asymmetrical patterned features on the metal layer 40. A functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 on the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) may have asymmetrical patterned features on the second metal layer 60. A functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 on the third metal layer 80. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) may have asymmetrical patterned features on the third metal layer 80. A functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 23) may have symmetrical patterned features including stripes 25 on the fourth metal layer 100. Alternatively, a functional coating 20 comprising four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) may have asymmetrical patterned features on the fourth metal layer 100.

[0148] The functional coating 20 may consist of only one layer containing patterned features. Alternatively, the functional coating 20 may consist of two or more layers containing patterned features.

[0149] The functional coating 20 may be the only coating on the second side of the substrate 12.

[0150] An optional outermost protective coating 120 can be formed on at least a portion of the top layer 110 of the functional coating 20, and this can be the outermost coating of the coated article. The outermost protective coating 120 helps protect the underlying functional coating layer from mechanical and / or chemical attack. The outermost protective coating 120 can be an oxygen barrier coating layer to prevent or reduce the penetration of ambient oxygen into the layers below the coating during heating, bending, etc. The outermost protective coating 120 can be composed of any desired material or mixture of materials and can be composed of one or more protective films. The outermost protective coating 120 includes a protective layer which includes at least one of Si3N4, SiAlN, SiAlON, SiAlO, TiAlO, titania, alumina, silica, zirconia, or a combination thereof.

[0151] In one embodiment, the outermost protective coating 120 may consist of a first protective film 122 and a second protective film 124 on at least a portion of the first protective film 122. In one embodiment, the first protective film 122 comprises a metal nitride film (e.g., silicon aluminum nitride) and is placed on and in contact with the metal oxynitride film (e.g., silicon aluminum oxynitride) of the top layer 110, and the second protective film 124 comprises a metal alloy oxide (e.g., titanium aluminum oxide) and is placed on and in contact with the first protective film 122.

[0152] In one embodiment, the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 is a metal oxynitride of the same metal as the first protective metal nitride film 122 that is in contact with the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110. In another embodiment, the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 is a gradient layer, where the portion of the metal oxynitride film closest to the top metal alloy film contains more oxygen, and the portion of the metal oxynitride film opposite to it (e.g., the portion closest to the first protective metal nitride film 122) contains more nitrogen, for example, the atomic ratio described above. In one embodiment, the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 and the first protective metal nitride film 122 form a continuous single gradient layer. In another embodiment, the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 is applied on top of the metal alloy oxide film and / or between the metal alloy oxide film and the first protective metal nitride film 122. In another embodiment, the first protective metal nitride film 122 is absent, and the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 is a gradient layer, where the amount of oxygen in the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 decreases as the distance from the metal alloy oxide film of the top layer 110 increases. For example, the portion of the metal oxynitride film closest to the top metal alloy oxide film of the top layer 110 contains more oxygen, while the portion of the oxynitride film of the top layer 110 opposite contains more nitrogen. Here, the atomic ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in the metal oxynitride is an approximation based on the flow rates of nitrogen (N2) and O2. The oxynitride film of the top layer 110 contains 0% by weight of oxygen, less than or equal to 50% by weight of oxygen, less than or equal to 40% by weight of oxygen, less than or equal to 30% by weight of oxygen, less than or equal to 20% by weight of oxygen, less than or equal to 10% by weight of oxygen, and less than or equal to 5% by weight of oxygen. Non-limiting examples of useful atomic ratios of oxygen and nitrogen in the oxynitride film of the top layer 110 include, but are not limited to, 5%-45% O and 95%-55% N, 10%-50% O and 90%-50% N, 15%-40% O and 85%-60% N, 20%-50% O and 80%-50% N, 25%-45% O and 75%-55% N, 30%-50% O and 70%-50% N, 40%-50% O and 60%-50% N, or 50%-50% O and 50%-50% N.

[0153] The metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 can have a thickness in the range of greater than 0 nm to 40 nm, for example, 7 nm to 40 nm, 10 nm to 40 nm, 28 nm to 33 nm, or 12 nm to 22 nm. In embodiments where the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 is a gradient layer, or in embodiments where there is no metal nitride film in the outermost protective film, it may have a thickness in the range of 20 nm to 40 nm, for example, 22.5 nm to 39 nm, 25 nm to 38 nm, or 28 nm to 37.5 nm.

[0154] The first protective metal nitride film 122 can have a thickness in the range of greater than 0 nm to 40 nm, for example, 7 nm to 40 nm, for example, 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, 25 nm to 40 nm, for example, 28 nm to 33 nm, for example, 20 nm to 25 nm, for example, 20 nm to 40 nm, for example, 10 nm to 16 nm. In embodiments where the top layer 110 has a metal oxynitride film and / or a second protective film is absent, the first protective metal nitride film 122 can have a thickness in the range of 10 nm to 40 nm, preferably 25 nm to 40 nm, most preferably 28 nm to 33 nm. In embodiments where the top layer 110 has a metal oxynitride film and the outermost protective coating 120 has a second protective film 124, the first protective metal nitride film 122 can have a thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, 10 nm to 33 nm, for example, 10.5 nm to 30 nm, for example, 11.5 nm to 25 nm. In embodiments where the protective coating 120 has both a first protective metal nitride film 122 and a second protective film 124, the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 can have a thickness of 5 nm to 28 nm, for example 7.5 nm to 26 nm, for example 10 nm to 24 nm, for example 12 nm to 22 nm.

[0155] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a total thickness of the metal oxynitride film of the top layer 110 (if present) and / or the first protective metal nitride film 122 (if present) of 20 nm to 80 nm, for example, 32 nm to 80 nm, 32 nm to 38 nm, or 28 nm to 37 nm.

[0156] In certain embodiments, the outermost protective coating 120 may include a second protective film 124 containing TiAlO. The thickness of the second protective film 124 may, as an example not limiting the scope, be in the range of, for example, 10 nm to 40 nm, 20 nm to 37 nm, 24.5 nm to 30 nm, or 28.5 nm to 30 nm. It should be understood that the second protective film 124 may be applied to other configurations of top layers, metal nitride films, and metal oxynitride films consistent with this disclosure, for example, as a top layer. Alternatively, an additional functional or protective layer may be applied on top of the second protective film 124 (not shown). This additional protective film may be any of the materials used to form the protective coating 120 or the second protective film 124, or any material that can be used as a top coat. Similarly, it should be understood that the coated article does not necessarily have to include the second protective film 124.

[0157] The outermost protective coating 120 has a total thickness in the range of 20nm to 80nm, for example 30nm to 70nm, for example 35nm to 60nm, for example 40nm to 55nm (i.e., the sum of all the thicknesses of the layers or films within the protective coating 120).

[0158] The outermost protective coating 120 may also include a single titania film. The single titania film may have a thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm, for example, 2 nm to 8 nm, or for example, 2 nm to 3 nm.

[0159] If the functional coating 20 has a patterned feature including a stripe 25 on the third film 116 of the top layer 110, the outermost protective coating 120 may be in direct contact with at least a portion of the third film 116 and the second film 114 of the top layer 110. An example of a coated article having a symmetrical patterned feature including a stripe 25 is shown in Figure 10. For example, if the functional coating 20 has a patterned feature including a stripe 25 on the third film 116 of the top layer 110, the first protective film 122 of the outermost protective coating 120 may be in direct contact with at least a portion of the third film 116 and the second film 114 of the top layer 110.

[0160] If the outermost protective coating 120 is placed on a functional coating 20 placed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12, the outermost protective coating 120 may have patterned features. The patterned features may include symmetrical patterns. The patterned features may include asymmetrical patterns.

[0161] If the outermost protective coating 120 includes a first protective film 122 and a second protective film 124, the patterned film 126 may be placed on at least a portion of the second protective film 124 to form a patterned feature. An example of a coated article with a symmetrical patterned feature including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 21. Additional layers of functional coating 20 are not shown in Figure 21.

[0162] If the outermost protective coating 120 includes a single protective film, the patterned film 126 may be arranged on at least a portion of the single protective film to form a patterned feature. An example of a coated article with a symmetrical patterned feature including stripes 25 is shown in Figure 22. Additional layers of functional coating 20 are not shown in Figure 22. For example, the outermost protective coating 120 may include a single titania film, and the aluminum oxide silicon may be arranged on at least a portion of the single titania film to form a patterned feature.

[0163] The patterned film 126 may have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm, or for example, 10 nm to 100 nm. If the outermost protective coating 120 includes a single protective film, the patterned film 126 may have a thickness in the range of 10 nm to 25 nm, or for example, 12 nm to 25 nm. If the outermost protective coating 120 includes a first protective film 122 and a second protective film 124, the patterned film 126 may have a thickness in the range of 15 nm to 100 nm, or for example, 20 nm to 100 nm.

[0164] The patterned film 126 may be a film containing one or more metal oxides, metal alloy oxides, metal nitrides, metal alloy nitrides, metal oxynitrides, or metal alloy oxynitrides, as described above with respect to the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30.

[0165] For example, the patterned film 126 may be placed on at least a portion of a second protective film 124 (Figure 21) or a single protective film (Figure 22) to form a symmetrical pattern. The symmetrical pattern may include stripes that extend over at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The width of the stripes 25 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), at least 1 inch (25.4 mm), or at least 2 inches (50.8 mm). The stripes 25 may be placed across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less from each other. For example, the stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm), at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), at least 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or 1 inch (25.4 mm) from each other. Alternatively, the stripes 25 may be spaced across the entire substrate 12 at intervals of at least 2 inches (50.8 mm), for example, at least 3 inches (76.2 mm), or for example, at least 4 inches (101.6 mm).

[0166] Alternatively, the patterned film 126 may be placed on a second protective film 124 or at least a portion of a single protective film to form an asymmetric pattern. For example, the asymmetric pattern may take the form of multiple overlapping stripes in random directions, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths ranging from 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm). For example, the stripes of the asymmetric pattern may have widths of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), for example 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), for example 0.5 inches, for example 0.75 inches (19.05 mm), or for example 1 inch (25.4 mm). The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may all be of the same width. The stripes of the asymmetric pattern may be of different widths. Alternatively, the asymmetric pattern may take the form of a spiderweb design (for example, the spiderweb design described in U.S. Patent No. 9,247,726B2).

[0167] In carrying out the present invention, the absorption color (e.g., hue) of the coating can be changed by selecting a specific metal for the metal layer, selecting a primer material and thickness, and selecting a dielectric material and thickness. The coated article of the present invention may be non-temperable. The coated article of the present invention may be temperable. In carrying out the present invention, it is desirable to maintain the color of the coated article before and after tempering.

[0168] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a coated article. A substrate 12 is provided, having a first side including a first surface 14 and a second side including a second surface 16, the second surface 16 being opposite to the first surface 14. A functional coating 20 is formed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12. The step of forming the functional coating 20 includes forming a base layer 30 on at least a portion of the second surface 16, the step of forming the base layer 30 includes forming a first film 32 on at least a portion of the second surface 16 and forming a second film 34 on at least a portion of the first film 32. The first film 32 and the second film 34 can be any material described herein. A metal layer 40 is formed on at least a portion of the base layer 30. The metal layer 40 can be any metal layer described herein. A top layer 110 is formed on at least a portion of the metal layer 40. The top layer 110 can be any top layer 110 described herein. A functional coating 20 of the coated article 10 is formed by forming a base layer 30, a metal layer 40, and a top layer 110. The functional coating 20 may include additional layers as described herein. The second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features. The patterned features may be symmetrical. The patterned features may be asymmetrical. The patterned features may be formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 and may include microablations 18. Alternatively, the patterned features may be formed on the functional coating 20 on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12. If the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the first film 32 of the base layer 30. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the second film 34 of the base layer 30. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the third film 116 of the top layer 110.Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the second film 54 of the second layer 50. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features and the functional coating 20 includes one, two, three, or four metal layers (i.e., a single metal coating 21, a double metal coating 22, a triple metal coating 23, or a quadruple metal coating 24), the patterned features may be formed on the metal layer 40. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features and the functional coating 20 includes two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22), the patterned features may be formed on the metal layer 40. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has a patterned feature and the functional coating 20 includes two metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22), the patterned feature may be formed on the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has a patterned feature and the functional coating 20 includes three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 22), the patterned feature may be formed on the metal layer 40. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has a patterned feature and the functional coating 20 includes three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 22), the patterned feature may be formed on the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has a patterned feature and the functional coating 20 includes three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 22), the patterned feature may be formed on the third metal layer 80. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features and the functional coating 20 comprises four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 22), the patterned features may be formed on the metal layer 40.Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features and the functional coating 20 comprises four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 22), the patterned features may be formed on the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features and the functional coating 20 comprises four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 22), the patterned features may be formed on the third metal layer 80. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 on the second side of the substrate 12 has patterned features and the functional coating 20 comprises four metal layers (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 22), the patterned features may be formed on the fourth metal layer 100.

[0169] Patterned features can be formed on the second surface 16 of the second side of the substrate 12 and may include microablations 18. Microablations 18 may be formed by a chemical process, such as a chemical etching process. Microablations 18 may also be formed by a mechanical process. For example, microablations 18 may be formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 by scratching the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. Microablations 18 may be formed on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 by scratching the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 using a wire brush, steel wool, sandpaper, a knife, or a combination thereof. Microablations 18 are formed before forming the functional coating 20. The functional coating 20 may then be applied to at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, including the microablations 18. The coated article may then be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, for example, 1,260°F (682°C) or higher.

[0170] Patterned features may be formed on the first film 32 or second film 34 of the base layer 30 of the functional coating 20 using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, ion beam material removal, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, and combinations thereof.

[0171] For example, a mask may be applied to at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, in which case at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 is masked and the other portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 is not masked. The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may then be applied to the unmasked portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The mask may then be removed, and the second film 34 of the base layer 30 is applied to the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 and the first film 32 of the base layer 30, so that the second film 32 of the base layer 30 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and also in direct contact with at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The remaining layers of the functional coating 20 may then be applied to the second film 34 of the base layer 30. The coated article may then be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, for example, 1,260°F (682°C) or higher.

[0172] Alternatively, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the coater containing the material for the first film 32 of the base layer 30, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. The material for the first film 32 of the base layer 30 may then be applied through the unmasked portion of the coater to form the first film 32 of the base layer 30 on the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The article containing the first film 32 of the base layer 30 may then be moved to a coater containing the material for the second film 34 of the base layer 30. The material for the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may then be applied over the second surface 16 of the substrate 12 and the first film 32 of the base layer 30, so that the second film 34 of the base layer 30 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The remaining layers of the functional coating 20 may then be applied over the second film 34 of the base layer 30. The coated article may then be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, for example, 1,260°F (682°C) or higher.

[0173] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be applied on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. A mask may be applied on at least a portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30, in which case at least a portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30 is masked and the other portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30 is not masked. The second film 34 of the base layer 30 may then be applied on the unmasked portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30. The mask may then be removed, and the metal layer 40 may be applied on the first film and the second film 34 of the base layer 30, such that the metal layer 40 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and at least a portion of the second film 34 of the base layer 30. The remaining layers of the functional coating 20 may then be applied on the metal layer 40. The coated article may then be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, for example, 1,260°F (682°C) or higher.

[0174] Alternatively, the first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be applied onto at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The article containing the first film 32 of the base layer 30 is then moved to a coater containing material for forming the second film 34 of the base layer 30, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. The material for the second film 34 of the base layer 30 is then applied through the unmasked portion of the coater to form the second film 34 of the base layer 30 on top of the first film 32 of the base layer. The article containing the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may then be moved to a second coater containing material for the metal layer 40. The material for the metal layer 40 may be applied onto the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30, such that the metal layer 40 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and at least a portion of the second film 34 of the base layer 30. Next, the remaining layer of the functional coating 20 may be applied on top of the metal layer 40. The coated article may then be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, for example, 1,260°F (682°C) or higher.

[0175] The first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be applied on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. A mask may be applied on at least a portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30, in which case at least a portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30 is masked and the other portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30 is not masked. The second film 34 of the base layer 30 may then be applied on the unmasked portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30. The mask may then be removed, and the third film of the base layer 30 may be applied on the first film and the second film 34 of the base layer 30, so that the third film of the base layer 30 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and at least a portion of the second film 34 of the base layer 30. The remaining layers of the functional coating 20 may then be applied on the third film of the base layer 30. The coated article may then be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, for example, 1,260°F (682°C) or higher.

[0176] Alternatively, the first film 32 of the base layer 30 may be applied onto at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12. The article containing the first film 32 of the base layer 30 is then moved to a coater containing material for forming the second film 34 of the base layer 30, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. The material for the second film 34 of the base layer 30 is then applied through the unmasked portion of the coater to form the second film 34 of the base layer 30 on top of the first film 32 of the base layer. The article containing the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30 may then be moved to a second coater containing material for the third film of the base layer 30. The material for the third film of the base layer 30 may be applied on top of the first film 32 and the second film 34 of the base layer 30, so that the third film of the base layer 30 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film 32 and at least a portion of the second film 34 of the base layer 30. The remaining layer of the functional coating 20 may then be applied on top of the third film of the base layer 30. The coated article may then be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, for example, 1,260°F (682°C) or higher.

[0177] Patterned features may be formed on the second film 54 of the second layer 54 of the functional coating 20 using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, material removal by ion bombardment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, and combinations thereof.

[0178] For example, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the second film 54 of the second layer 50, in which case at least a portion of the second film 54 of the second layer 50 is masked and the other portion of the second film 54 of the second layer 50 is not masked. Then, a second film 54 of 18 nm to 35 nm, or for example 22 nm to 30 nm, may be applied over the unmasked portion of the second film 54 of the second layer 50 to form patterned features. The mask may then be removed, and then a third film 56 of the second layer 50 may be applied over the second film 54 and over the patterned features of the second film 54 of the second layer 50.

[0179] For example, the second film 54 of the second layer 50 may be applied over at least a portion of the first film 52 of the second layer 50. A mask may be applied over a coater containing the material for forming the second film 54, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. Next, the material for forming the second film 54 of the second layer 50, for example, a material for forming the second film with a wavelength of 18 nm to 35 nm or 22 nm to 30 nm, may be applied over the second film 54 of the second layer 50 through the unmasked portion of the coater. The article containing the first film 52 and the second film 54 may then be moved to a second coater containing the material for forming the third film 56 of the second layer 50. Next, the material for forming the third film 56 of the second layer 50 may be applied over the second film 54 of the second layer 50 to form the third film 56. Next, the remaining layers of the functional coating 20 may be applied on top of the third film 56 of the second layer 50.

[0180] Patterned features may be formed on the third film 116 of the top layer 110 of the functional coating 20 using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, material removal by ion bombardment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, and combinations thereof.

[0181] For example, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the second film 114 of the top layer 110, in which case at least a portion of the second film 114 of the top layer 110 is masked and the other portion of the second film 114 of the top layer 110 is not masked. Then, the third film 116 of the top layer 110 may be applied over the unmasked portion of the second film 114 of the top layer 110. After that, the mask may be removed.

[0182] Alternatively, a mask may be applied over a coater containing material for forming a third film 116 of the top layer 110, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. The material for the third film 116 of the top layer 110 may then be applied through the unmasked portion of the coater to form the third film 116 of the top layer 110. If an outermost protective coating 12 is present, it may then be applied over the third film 116 of the top layer 110.

[0183] Patterned features may be formed on the outermost protective coating 120 placed on at least a portion of the functional coating 20 using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, material removal by ion bombardment, ultraviolet irradiation, and combinations thereof.

[0184] If the outermost protective coating 120 includes a first protective film 122 and a second protective film 124, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the second protective film 124 of the outermost protective coating 120, in which case at least a portion of the second protective film 124 of the outermost protective coating 120 is masked and the other portion of the second protective film 124 of the outermost protective coating 120 is not masked. Then, a patterned film 126 may be applied over the unmasked portion of the second protective film 120 of the outermost protective coating 120. After that, the mask may be removed.

[0185] If the outermost protective coating 120 includes a single protective layer, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the single protective layer of the outermost protective coating 120, in which case at least a portion of the single protective layer of the outermost protective coating 120 is masked and the other portion of the single protective layer of the outermost protective coating 120 is not masked. Then, a patterned film 126 may be applied over the unmasked portion of the single protective layer of the outermost protective coating 120. After that, the mask may be removed.

[0186] Alternatively, a mask may be applied over a coater containing material for forming the patterned film 126, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. The patterned film 126 may then be applied through the unmasked portion of the coater to form the patterned film 126 over at least a portion of the second film 124 of the outermost protective coating 120 (Figure 21), or a single protective layer of the outermost protective coating 120 (Figure 22).

[0187] If the patterned features include microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the second side of the substrate 12, if the patterned features are formed on the first film 32 of the base layer 30 on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, or if the patterned features are formed on the second film 34 of the base layer 30 on at least a portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30, the substrate including the functional coating 20 disposed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate 12 may be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F or higher, for example, 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, or 1,260°F (682°C) or higher, in order to induce microscopic scattering centers and red haze.

[0188] A "scattering center" refers to a feature in a functional coating with a length scale ranging from less than 1 nm to several hundred micrometers. For example, a scattering center may be a crystal or crystalline mass. Scattering may be a void that forms after the metal layer is heated. Scattering centers may be formed after heating by the migration or rearrangement of material in the functional coating. Scattering centers may be formed within or around the metal layer after heating. Scattering centers may be formed as a result of the migration of metal atoms from the metal layer to other layers of the functional coating.

[0189] Scattering centers formed when a coated article is heated to a temperature of 1,185°F or higher may increase in size when the coated article is subsequently heated to a temperature of 1,200°F or higher. As used herein, this temperature refers to the surface temperature of the substrate including the coating.

[0190] Scattering centers formed within the metal layer may be light scattering features, as described herein, and these light scattering features increase the haze (i.e., light scattering) of the coated article, for example, increasing red haze. Scattering centers within the metal layer cause electromagnetic energy light waves to propagate more randomly, disrupting the waveguide effect, increasing the amount of electromagnetic energy that passes through the metal layer into the substrate and then exits from the bottom surface of the substrate. The term "red haze" as used herein refers to the light scattering effect visible when a coated article is illuminated by bright light against a dark background. Red haze is formed as a result of voids (depletion or vacancies) formed within the metal layer during the tempering or heat strengthening process. The movement of alkali metal ions (such as sodium ions) within the glass and coating stack during heating leads to nucleation and growth, resulting in the formation of scattering centers. The interference effects of multilayer functional coatings and the location of scattering center formation result in red haze on the coated article, making patterned features visible.

[0191] Patterned features may be formed on the metal layer 20 of a functional coating 20 (i.e., a single metal coating 21, a double metal coating 22, a triple metal coating 23, or a quadruple metal coating 24) comprising one, two, three, or four metal layers, using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, ion beam material removal, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, or a combination thereof.

[0192] For example, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the metal layer 40, in which case at least a portion of the metal layer 40 will be masked and the other portion of the metal layer 40 will not be masked. An additional metal layer 40 of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm may be applied over the unmasked portion of the metal layer 40 to form patterned features. The mask may then be removed, and the remaining layers of the functional coating 20 may then be applied over the metal layer 40.

[0193] Alternatively, after applying the metal layer 40, a mask may be applied over the coater containing the material for forming the metal layer 40, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not. Then, the material for forming the metal layer 40, which is 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm in size, may be applied over the unmasked portion of the coater to form patterned features. Then, the remaining layers of the functional coating 20 may be applied over the metal layer 40.

[0194] Patterned features may be formed on the second metal layer 60 of a functional coating 20 comprising two, three, or four metal layers (i.e., a double metal coating 22, a triple metal coating 23, or a quadruple metal coating 24) using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, ion beam material removal, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, or a combination thereof.

[0195] For example, after applying the second metal layer 60, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the second metal layer 60, in which case at least a portion of the second metal layer 60 will be masked and the other portion of the second metal layer 60 will not be masked. An additional second metal layer 60 of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm may be applied over the unmasked portion of the second metal layer 60 to form patterned features. The mask may then be removed, and the remaining layers of the functional coatings 22, 23, or 24 may then be applied over the second metal layer 60.

[0196] Alternatively, after applying the second metal layer 60, a mask may be applied over the coater containing the material for forming the second metal layer 60, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. Then, the material for forming the second metal layer 60, which is 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, may be applied over the unmasked portion of the coater to form patterned features. Then, the remaining layers of the functional coatings 22, 23, or 24 may be applied over the second metal layer 60.

[0197] If the functional coating 20 is a double metal coating 22, the top layer 110 is applied on top of the second metal layer 60, and the top layer 110 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the second metal layer 60 and at least a portion of the patterned features of the second metal layer 60 (i.e., the additional second metal layer). The remaining layers of the functional coating 22 may then be applied on top of the top layer 110. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 is a double metal coating 22, the second primer layer 62 is applied on top of the second metal layer 60, and the second primer layer 62 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the second metal layer 60 and at least a portion of the patterned features of the second metal layer 60 (i.e., the additional second metal layer). The remaining layers of the functional coating 22 may then be applied on top of the second primer layer 62. Patterned features may be formed on the third metal layer 80 of a functional coating 20 comprising three metal layers (i.e., a triple metal coating 23 or a quadruple metal coating 24) using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, ion beam material removal, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, and combinations thereof.

[0198] For example, after applying the third metal layer 80, a mask may be applied over at least a portion of the third metal layer 80, in which case at least a portion of the third metal layer 80 will be masked and the other portion of the third metal layer 80 will not be masked. An additional third metal layer 80 of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm may be applied over the unmasked portion of the third metal layer 80 to form a patterned feature. The mask may then be removed.

[0199] Alternatively, after applying the third metal layer 80, a mask may be applied over the coater containing the material for forming the third metal layer 80, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. Then, the material for forming the third metal layer 80, which is 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, may be applied over the unmasked portion of the coater to form patterned features. Then, the remaining layers of the functional coating 23 or 24 may be applied over the third metal layer 80.

[0200] If the functional coating 20 is a triple metal coating 23, the top layer 110 is applied on top of the third metal layer 80, and the top layer 110 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the third metal layer 80 and at least a portion of the patterned features of the third metal layer 80 (i.e., the additional third metal layer). The remaining layers of the functional coating 23 may then be applied on top of the top layer 110. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 is a triple metal coating 23, the third primer layer 82 is applied on top of the third metal layer 80, and the third primer layer 82 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the third metal layer 80 and at least a portion of the patterned features of the third metal layer 80 (i.e., the additional third metal layer). The remaining layers of the functional coating 23 may then be applied on top of the third primer layer 82.

[0201] Patterned features may be formed on the fourth metal layer 100 of a functional coating 20 (i.e., a quadruple metal coating 24) comprising four metal layers using any method known in the art, such as masking, laser ablation, chemical etching, ion beam material removal, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, and combinations thereof.

[0202] For example, after forming the fourth metal layer 100, a mask may be applied to at least a portion of the fourth metal layer 100, in which case at least a portion of the fourth metal layer 100 will be masked and the other portion of the fourth metal layer 100 will not be masked. An additional fourth metal layer 100 of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm may be applied to the unmasked portion of the fourth metal layer 100 to form patterned features. The mask may then be removed.

[0203] Alternatively, after applying the fourth metal layer 100, a mask may be applied over the coater containing the material for forming the fourth metal layer 100, in which case at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. Then, the material for forming the fourth metal layer 100, which is 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, may be applied over the unmasked portion of the coater to form patterned features. Then, the remaining layers of the functional coating 22 may be applied over the fourth metal layer.

[0204] If the functional coating 20 is a quadruple metal coating 24, the top layer 110 is applied on the fourth metal layer 100, and the top layer 110 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the fourth metal layer 100 and at least a portion of the patterned features of the fourth metal layer 100 (i.e., the additional fourth metal layer). The remaining layers of the functional coating 24 may then be applied on top of the top layer 110. Alternatively, if the functional coating 20 is a quadruple metal coating 24, the fourth primer layer 102 is applied on the fourth metal layer 100, and the fourth primer layer 102 is in direct contact with at least a portion of the fourth metal layer 100 and at least a portion of the patterned features of the fourth metal layer 100 (i.e., the additional fourth metal layer). The remaining layers of the functional coating 24 may then be applied on top of the fourth primer layer 102.

[0205] The coated articles described herein can be used in architectural transparents or architectural glazing (e.g., insulated glass units, but not limited to these). An insulated glass unit 200 incorporating features of the present invention is shown in Figure 11. The insulated glass unit 200 includes a first ply 212 having a first side including a No. 1 surface 214 and a second side including a No. 2 surface 216, the No. 2 surface 216 being opposite to the No. 1 surface 214. In the illustrated insulated glass unit 200, the first main surface 214 faces the exterior of the building, i.e., is the outer main surface, and the second main surface 216 faces the interior of the building. The insulated glass unit 200 includes a second ply 218 having a first side including a No. 3 surface 220 and a second side including a No. 4 surface 222, the No. 4 surface being opposite to the No. 3 surface 220. The second ply 18 is spaced apart from the first ply 12. In some embodiments, the insulated glass unit 200 includes a third ply having a first side and a second side. The first side of the third ply includes a first main surface (surface No. 5), and the second side opposite the third ply includes a second main surface (surface No. 6). This numbering of the ply surfaces is consistent with conventional practice in window forming technology. The pristine plies 212, 218 can have any desired transmittance and / or reflectance of visible light, infrared radiation, or ultraviolet radiation. For example, the pristine plies 212, 218 can have any desired amount of visible light transmittance, for example, greater than 0% and up to 100%. Each of the pristine plies 212, 218 can be, for example, clear float glass, or tinted glass or colored glass, or one ply 212, 218 can be clear glass and the other ply 212, 218 can be colored glass. Without limiting the present invention, examples of glass suitable for the first ply 212 and / or the second ply 218 are described in U.S. Patents 4,746,347, 4,792,536, 5,030,593, 5,030,594, 5,240,886, 5,385,872, and 5,393,593.Examples of insulated glass units are described, for example, in U.S. Patents 4,193,236, 4,464,874, 5,088,258, and 5,106,663.

[0206] The first ply 212 and the second ply 218 are connected to each other by any suitable method, such as by adhesive bonding to a conventional spacer frame 224. A gap or chamber 226 is formed between the first ply 212 and the second ply 218. The chamber 226 can be filled with a selected atmosphere such as air, or a non-reactive gas such as argon or krypton gas.

[0207] Functional coating 210 (or any other coating described herein) is located on at least a portion of the second side of the first ply 212, including surface No. 2 216. Functional coating 210 may include any of the functional coatings described herein, may consist essentially of them, or may consist of them. Functional coating 210 is not located on at least a portion of the first side of the first ply 212, including surface No. 1 214. Functional coating 210 is not located on at least a portion of the first side of the second ply 218, including surface No. 3 220. Functional coating 210 is not located on at least a portion of the second side of the second ply 218, including surface No. 4 222.

[0208] The functional coating 210 includes a base layer 30 disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212. The base layer 30 includes a first film 32 disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface 216 and a second film 34 disposed on at least a portion of the first film 32. The first film 32 and the second film 34 can be any material described herein. A metal layer 40 is disposed on at least a portion of the base layer 30. The metal layer 40 can be any metal layer described herein. A top layer 110 is disposed on at least a portion of the metal layer 40. The functional coating 120 may include additional layers described herein.

[0209] The second side, including the No. 2 surface 216, has patterned features. The patterned features may be formed on the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 and may include microablations 18. Alternatively, the patterned features may be formed on a functional coating 210 on at least a portion of the second side, including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212. If the functional coating 210 on the second side, including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212, has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the first film 32 of the base layer 30. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side, including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212, has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the second film 34 of the base layer 30. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 has a patterned feature, the patterned feature may be formed on the third film 116 of the top layer 110. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 has a patterned feature, the patterned feature may be formed on the second film 54 of the second layer 50. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 has a patterned feature, the patterned feature may be formed on the metal layer 40. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a double metal coating 212 and has a patterned feature, the patterned feature may be formed on the metal layer 40. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a double metal coating 212 and has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a triple metal coating 213 and has patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the metal layer 40.Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a triple metal coating 213 with patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a triple metal coating 213 with patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the third metal layer 80. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a quadruple metal coating 214 with patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the metal layer 40. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a quadruple metal coating 214 with patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the second metal layer 60. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a quadruple metal coating 214 with patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the third metal layer 80. Alternatively, if the functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216 of the first ply 212 is a quadruple metal coating 214 with patterned features, the patterned features may be formed on the fourth metal layer 100.If the first ply includes a functional coating 210 on the second side including the No. 2 surface 216, and the second side has patterned features including microablations 18 formed on the second surface 16 of the second side of the substrate 12, patterned features formed on the first film 32 of the base layer 30 on at least a portion of the second surface 16 of the substrate 12, or patterned features formed on the second film 34 of the base layer 30 on at least a portion of the first film 32 of the base layer 30, then the first ply 218 may be heated to a temperature of 1,185°F (641°C) or higher, for example 1,200°F (649°C) or higher, or for example 1,260°F (682°C) or higher, which may induce the formation of microscopic fine scattering centers and red haze.

[0210] The following numbered clauses illustrate various aspects of the present invention:

[0211] Clause 1: A substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A functional coating placed on at least a portion of the second side, A coated article including, Functional coatings are A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A top layer placed on at least a portion of the metal layer, Includes, The second side has patterned features, Coated articles.

[0212] Clause 2: A coated article as described in Clause 1, which is temperable.

[0213] Clause 3: The coated article according to Clause 1 or 2, wherein the patterned features are formed as microablations on the second surface.

[0214] Clause 4: The coated article described in Clause 3, wherein the microablations have a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0215] Clause 5: A coated article as described in Clause 3 or 4, wherein the microablations are spaced at least 2 inches apart from each other.

[0216] Clause 6: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 3 to 5, wherein the microablations are arranged horizontally, vertically, or obliquely across the second surface.

[0217] Clause 7: A coated article according to Clause 1 or 2, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a functional coating placed on at least a portion of the second side.

[0218] Clause 8: The coated article according to Clause 7, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a first film placed on at least a portion of a second surface, and the second film is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film and also in direct contact with at least a portion of the second surface.

[0219] Clause 9: A coated article as described in Clause 7 or 8, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical feature including stripes.

[0220] Clause 10: A coated article as described in Clause 9, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0221] Clause 11: A coated article as described in Clause 9 or 10, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0222] Clause 12: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 9 to 11, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0223] Clause 13: The coated article described in Clause 12, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0224] Clause 14: The coated article described in Clause 12, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0225] Clause 15: A coated article as described in Clause 7 or 8, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0226] Clause 16: The coated article according to Clause 7, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second film placed on at least a portion of a first film, and the metal layer is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film and at least a portion of the second film.

[0227] Clause 17: A coated article as described in Clause 16, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0228] Clause 18: A coated article as described in Clause 17, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0229] Clause 19: A coated article as described in Clause 17 or 18, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0230] Clause 20: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 17-19, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0231] Clause 21: The coated article described in Clause 20, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0232] Clause 22: The coated article described in Clause 20, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0233] Clause 23: A coated article as described in Clause 16, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0234] Clause 24: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 1 to 23, wherein the first film comprises zinc stannate, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum silicon nitride, aluminum silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum silicon oxynitride, or tin oxide, and the second film comprises zinc oxide or zinc aluminum oxide.

[0235] Clause 25: The coated article described in Clause 24, wherein the first film contains zinc stannate or tin oxide, and the second film contains zinc oxide.

[0236] Clause 26: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 7, 24, and 25, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a metal layer disposed on at least a portion of the base layer.

[0237] Clause 27: The coated article according to Clause 26, wherein the patterned features of the metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0238] Clause 28: A coated article as described in Clause 26 or 27, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0239] Clause 29: A coated article as described in Clause 28, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0240] Clause 30: A coated article as described in Clause 28 or 29, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0241] Clause 31: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 28-30, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0242] Clause 32: The coated article described in Clause 31, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0243] Clause 33: The coated article described in Clause 31, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0244] Clause 34: A coated article as described in Clause 26 or 27, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0245] Clause 35: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 1 to 34, wherein the metallic layer includes silver, gold, palladium, copper, alloys thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0246] Clause 36: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 1 to 35, wherein the metallic layer contains silver.

[0247] Clause 37: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 1 to 36, wherein the top layer comprises a first film and a second film.

[0248] Clause 38: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 37, wherein the first film of the top layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, and the second film contains zinc stannate or tin oxide on at least a portion of the first film.

[0249] Clause 39: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 7, 24, 25, and 35-38, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the top layer, and the top layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0250] Clause 40: The coated article according to Clause 39, wherein the top layer third film has patterned features.

[0251] Clause 41: The coated article according to Clause 39 or 40, wherein the first top layer film comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, the second film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide disposed on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide disposed on at least a portion of the second film.

[0252] Clause 42: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 39 to 41, wherein the top layer third film has a thickness in the range of 3 nm to 60 nm, for example, 5 nm to 55 nm.

[0253] Clause 43: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 39 to 42, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0254] Clause 44: A coated article as described in Clause 43, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0255] Clause 45: A coated article as described in Clause 43 or 44, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0256] Clause 46: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 43 to 45, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0257] Clause 47: The coated article described in Clause 46, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0258] Clause 48: The coated article described in Clause 46, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0259] Clause 49: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 39 to 42, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0260] Clause 50: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 49, wherein the functional coating further comprises a primer layer on at least a portion of the metal layer.

[0261] Clause 51: The coated article as described in Clause 50, wherein the primer layer is selected from the group consisting of titanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, nickel, zirconium, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0262] Clause 52: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 51, wherein the functional coating further comprises an outermost protective coating including a protective layer, the protective layer comprising at least one of Si3N4, SiAlN, SiAlON, SiAlO, TiAlO, titania, alumina, silica, zirconia, or a combination thereof.

[0263] Clause 53: Coated articles as described in Clause 52, wherein the protective layer contains titania.

[0264] Clause 54: The coated article according to Clause 52, wherein the protective layer comprises a first protective film and a second protective film, the second protective film being positioned on at least a portion of the first protective film.

[0265] Clause 55: The coated article described in Clause 54, wherein the first protective film contains SiAlO.

[0266] Clause 56: The second protective film is a coated article as described in Clause 54, comprising TiAlO.

[0267] Clause 57: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 7, 24, 25, 35 to 38, or 50 to 56, wherein the patterned feature is formed in the outermost protective coating, and the outermost protective coating further includes a patterned film formed on at least a part of the protective layer.

[0268] Clause 58: The coated article according to Clause 57, wherein the patterned film has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm, for example, 10 nm to 100 nm.

[0269] Clause 59: The coated article according to Clause 57 or 58, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetric pattern including stripes.

[0270] Clause 60: The coated article according to Clause 59, wherein the stripes have a width of at least 0.1 inch.

[0271] Clause 61: The coated article according to Clause 59 or 60, wherein the stripes are at least 2 inches apart from each other.

[0272] Clause 62: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 59 to 61, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or obliquely across the second surface.

[0273] Clause 63: The coated article according to Clause 62, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0274] Clause 64: The coated article according to Clause 62, wherein the stripes are arranged vertically across the second surface.

[0275] Clause 65: The coated article according to Clause 57 or 58, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0276] Clause 66: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 65, wherein the substrate includes glass.

[0277] Clause 67: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 66, wherein the coated article is architectural glazing.

[0278] Clause 68: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 67, wherein the patterned feature is visible to birds.

[0279] Clause 69: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 68, wherein the functional coating disposed on at least a part of the second side further includes a second layer on at least a part of the metal layer and a second metal layer on at least a part of the second layer, and the top layer is on at least a part of the second metal layer.

[0280] Clause 70: The coated article according to Clause 69, wherein the second layer includes a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0281] Clause 71: The coated article according to Clause 70, wherein the first film of the second layer includes zinc oxide on at least a part of the metal layer, the second film includes zinc stannate on at least a part of the first film, and the third film includes zinc oxide on at least a part of the second film.

[0282] Clause 72: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 7, 24, 25, 35 to 38, and 50 to 56, or 66 to 99, wherein the patterned feature is formed on the second metal layer on at least a part of the second layer.

[0283] Clause 73: The coated article according to Clause 72, wherein the patterned feature of the second metal layer has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, such as 1 nm to 15 nm, such as 1 nm to 10 nm, or such as 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0284] Clause 74: A coated article as described in Clause 72 or 73, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical feature including stripes.

[0285] Clause 75: A coated article as described in Clause 74, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0286] Clause 76: A coated article as described in Clause 74 or 75, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0287] Clause 77: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 74-76, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0288] Clause 78: The coated article described in Clause 77, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0289] Clause 79: The coated article described in Clause 77, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0290] Clause 80: A coated article as described in Clause 72 or 73, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0291] Clause 81: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 69 to 80, wherein the second metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0292] Clause 82: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 69 to 80, wherein the second metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0293] Clause 83: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 69 to 82, wherein the functional coating further comprises a second primer layer formed on a second metal layer.

[0294] Clause 84: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 68, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a part of the second side further includes a second layer on at least a part of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a part of the second layer, a third layer on at least a part of the second metal layer, and a third metal layer on at least a part of the third layer, and the top layer is on at least a part of the third metal layer.

[0295] Clause 85: The coated article according to Clauses 7, 24, 25, 35 to 38, 50 to 56, 66 to 68, and 84, wherein the patterned feature is formed in the second layer, the second layer includes a first film, a second film, and a third film, the first film includes zinc oxide on at least a part of the second metal layer, the second film includes zinc stannate on at least a part of the first film, and the third film includes zinc oxide on at least a part of the second film.

[0296] Clause 86: The coated article according to Clause 85, wherein the second film has a patterned feature.

[0297] Clause 87: The coated article according to Clause 86, wherein the patterned feature of the second film has a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm, for example, 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0298] Clause 88: The coated article according to any one of Clauses 85 to 87, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetric pattern including stripes.

[0299] Clause 89: The coated article according to Clause 88, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inch.

[0300] Clause 90: The coated article according to Clause 88 or 89, wherein the stripes are at least 2 inches apart from each other.

[0301] Clause 91: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 88-90, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0302] Clause 92: The coated article as described in Clause 91, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0303] Clause 93: The coated article as described in Clause 91, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0304] Clause 94: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 85-87, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0305] Clause 95: The coated article as described in Clause 84, wherein the third layer comprises the first film, the second film, and the third film.

[0306] Clause 96: The coated article according to Clause 95, wherein the first film of the third layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0307] Clause 97: A coated article according to Clauses 7, 24, 25, 35-38, 50-56, 66-68, 84, 95, and 96, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer.

[0308] Clause 98: The coated article according to Clause 97, wherein the patterned features of the third metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0309] Clause 99: A coated article as described in Clause 97 or 98, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0310] Clause 100: A coated article as described in Clause 99, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0311] Clause 101: A coated article as described in Clause 99 or 100, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0312] Clause 102: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 99 to 101, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0313] Clause 103: The coated article as described in Clause 102, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0314] Clause 104: The coated article as described in Clause 102, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0315] Clause 105: A coated article as described in Clause 97 or 98, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0316] Clause 106: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 84 to 105, wherein the third metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0317] Clause 107: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 84 to 105, wherein the third metallic layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0318] Clause 108: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 84 to 107, wherein the functional coating further comprises a third primer layer formed on a third metal layer.

[0319] Clause 109: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 1 to 68, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, a fourth layer on at least a portion of the third metal layer, and a fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer, and the top layer is on at least a portion of the fourth metal layer.

[0320] Clause 110: The coated article according to Clause 109, wherein the fourth layer comprises the first film, the second film, and the third film.

[0321] Clause 111: The coated article according to Clause 110, wherein the first film of the fourth layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the third metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0322] Clause 112: A coated article according to Clauses 7, 24, 25, 35-38, 50-56, 66-68, and 109-111, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer.

[0323] Clause 113: The coated article according to Clause 112, wherein the patterned features of the fourth metal layer film have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0324] Clause 114: A coated article as described in Clause 112 or 113, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical feature including stripes.

[0325] Clause 115: A coated article as described in Clause 114, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0326] Clause 116: A coated article as described in Clause 114 or 115, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0327] Clause 117: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 114-116, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0328] Clause 118: The coated article described in Clause 117, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0329] Clause 119: The coated article described in Clause 117, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0330] Clause 120: A coated article as described in Clause 112 or 113, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0331] Clause 121: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 109 to 120, wherein the fourth metallic layer is a continuous layer.

[0332] Clause 122: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 109 to 121, wherein the functional coating further comprises a fourth primer layer formed on a fourth metal layer.

[0333] Clause 123: A method for manufacturing a coated article, the method is: A step of providing a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A step of forming a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side, Includes, The process of forming a functional coating is: A step of forming a base layer on at least a portion of a second surface, the step of forming the base layer includes forming a first film on at least a portion of the second surface, and forming a second film on at least a portion of the first film, A step of forming a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer, A step of forming a top layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, Includes, The above method wherein the second side has patterned features.

[0334] Clause 124: The method according to Clause 123, wherein a patterned feature is formed as microablations on a second surface, and the microablations are formed chemically and / or mechanically before forming a functional coating.

[0335] Clause 125: The method according to Clause 124, further comprising heating the coated article to a temperature of 1,185°F or higher.

[0336] Clause 126: The method according to Clause 124 or 125, wherein the microablation has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0337] Clause 127: The method according to any one of Clauses 124 to 126, wherein the microablations are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0338] Clause 128: The method according to any one of Clauses 124 to 127, wherein the microablations are arranged horizontally, vertically, or obliquely across the second surface.

[0339] Clause 129: The method according to Clause 123, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side.

[0340] Clause 130: The method according to Clause 129, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the first film on at least a portion of the second surface.

[0341] Clause 131: The method according to Clause 130, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0342] Clause 132: The method according to Clause 130, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0343] Clause 133: The method according to Clause 131 or 132, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0344] Clause 134: The method according to any one of Clauses 131 to 133, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0345] Clause 135: The method according to Clause 134, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0346] Clause 136: The method according to Clause 134, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0347] Clause 137: The method according to Clause 130, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0348] Clause 138: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a second surface, wherein at least a portion of the second surface is masked and the other portion of the second surface is not masked. A step of applying the first film onto the unmasked portion of the second surface, The process of removing the mask, The process involves applying a second film onto a second surface of a substrate and a first film, wherein the second film is in direct contact with at least a portion of the second surface and is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film. A process of heating the coated article to a temperature of 1,185°F or higher, The method described in any one of the clauses 129 to 137, as formed by...

[0349] Clause 139: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing material for forming a first film, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A process of forming a first film by applying a material for forming a first film onto a second surface through an unmasked portion of a coater, A step of moving a substrate containing a first film to a second coater containing a material for forming a second film, The process involves applying a material for forming a second film onto the first film and the second surface of the substrate to form a second film, wherein the second film is in direct contact with at least a portion of the second surface and is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film. A process of heating the coated article to a temperature of 1,185°F or higher, The method described in any one of the clauses 129 to 137, as formed by...

[0350] Clause 140: The method according to Clause 129, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second film which is at least a portion of a first film.

[0351] Clause 141: The method according to Clause 140, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0352] Clause 142: The method according to Clause 141, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0353] Clause 143: The method according to Clause 141 or 142, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0354] Clause 144: The method according to any one of Clauses 141 to 143, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0355] Clause 145: The method according to Clause 144, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0356] Clause 146: The method according to Clause 144, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0357] Clause 147: The method according to Clause 140, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0358] Clause 148: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a first film, wherein at least a portion of the first film is masked and the other portion of the first film is not masked. A step of applying a second film over the unmasked portion of the first film, The process of removing the mask, The process involves applying a metal layer onto a first film and a second film, wherein the metal layer is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film and at least a portion of the second film. A process of heating the coated article to a temperature of 1,185°F or higher, The method described in any one of the clauses 140 to 147, as formed by...

[0359] Clause 149: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing material for forming a second film, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A process of forming a second film by applying a material for forming a second film onto the first film through an unmasked area of ​​the coater, A step of moving a substrate including a first film and a second film to a second coater containing a material for forming a metal layer, The process involves applying a material for forming a metal layer onto a first film and a second film to form a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film and at least a portion of the second film. A process of heating the coated article to a temperature of 1,185°F or higher, The method described in any one of the clauses 140 to 147, as formed by...

[0360] Clause 150: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 149, wherein the first film comprises zinc stannate, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum silicon nitride, aluminum silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum silicon oxynitride, or tin oxide, and the second film comprises zinc oxide or zinc aluminum oxide.

[0361] Clause 151: The method according to Clause 150, wherein the first film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide, and the second film comprises zinc oxide.

[0362] Clause 152: The method according to any one of Clauses 129, 150, and 151, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer.

[0363] Clause 153: The method according to Clause 152, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0364] Clause 154: The method described in Clause 153, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0365] Clause 155: The method according to Clause 153 or 154, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0366] Clause 156: The method according to any one of Clauses 153 to 155, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0367] Clause 157: The method according to Clause 156, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0368] Clause 158: The method according to Clause 156, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0369] Clause 159: The method according to Clause 152, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0370] Clause 160: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a metal layer placed on at least a portion of a base layer, wherein at least a portion of the metal layer is masked and the other portion of the metal layer is not masked. A step of applying an additional metal layer of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, on the unmasked portion of the metal layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of clauses 152 to 159, as formed by...

[0371] Clause 161: Patterned features, A step of applying a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer, A process of applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing a material for forming a metal layer, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a metal layer through the unmasked portion of the coater in a wavelength of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, The method described in any one of clauses 152 to 159, as formed by...

[0372] Clause 162: The method described in any one of Clauses 123 to 161, wherein the metal layer includes silver, gold, palladium, copper, alloys thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0373] Clause 163: The method described in any one of Clauses 123 to 164, wherein the metal layer comprises silver.

[0374] Clause 164: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 163, wherein the top layer comprises a first film and a second film.

[0375] Clause 165: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 164, wherein the first film of the top layer comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, and the second film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide on at least a portion of the first film.

[0376] Clause 166: The method according to any one of Clauses 129, 150, 151, 162, and 163, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the top layer, and the top layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0377] Clause 167: The method according to Clause 166, wherein the third film of the top layer has patterned features.

[0378] Clause 168: The method according to Clause 166 or 167, wherein the first film of the top layer comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, the second film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide disposed on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide disposed on at least a portion of the second film.

[0379] Clause 169: The method according to any one of Clauses 166 to 168, wherein the third film of the top layer has a thickness in the range of 3 nm to 60 nm, for example, 5 nm to 55 nm.

[0380] Clause 170: The method according to any one of Clauses 166 to 169, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0381] Clause 171: The method according to Clause 170, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0382] Clause 172: The method according to Clause 170 or 171, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0383] Clause 173: The method according to any one of Clauses 170 to 172, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0384] Clause 174: The method according to Clause 173, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0385] Clause 175: The method according to Clause 173, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0386] Clause 176: The method described in any one of Clauses 166 to 169, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0387] Clause 177: Patterned features, A step of applying a first film onto at least a portion of the metal layer, A step of applying a second film on at least a portion of a first film, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a second film, such that at least a portion of the second film is masked and the other portion of the second film is not masked. The process involves applying a third film over the unmasked portion of the second film, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 166 to 176, as formed by...

[0388] Clause 178: Patterned features, A step of applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing material for forming a third film, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A process of forming a third film by applying a material for forming a third film onto the second film through an unmasked area of ​​the coater, The method described in any one of the clauses 166 to 176, as formed by...

[0389] Clause 179: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 178, wherein the functional coating further comprises a primer layer on at least a portion of the metal layer.

[0390] Clause 180: The method according to Clause 179, wherein the primer layer is selected from the group consisting of titanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, nickel, zirconium, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, aluminum alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0391] Clause 181: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 180, wherein the functional coating further comprises an outermost protective coating including a protective layer, the protective layer comprising at least one of Si3N4, SiAlN, SiAlON, SiAlO, TiAlO, titania, alumina, silica, zirconia, or a combination thereof.

[0392] Clause 182: The method according to Clause 181, wherein the protective layer includes titania.

[0393] Clause 183: The method according to Clause 181, wherein the protective layer comprises a first protective film and a second protective film, the second protective film being positioned on at least a portion of the first protective film.

[0394] Clause 184: The method according to Clause 183, wherein the first protective film comprises SiAlO.

[0395] Clause 185: The method according to Clause 183, wherein the second protective film comprises TiAlO.

[0396] Clause 186: The method according to any one of Clauses 129, 150, 151, 162, 163, or 179-184, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the outermost protective coating, and the outermost protective coating further comprises a patterned film on at least a portion of the protective layer.

[0397] Clause 187: The method according to Clause 186, wherein the patterned film has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm, for example, 10 nm to 100 nm.

[0398] Clause 188: The method according to Clause 186 or 187, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0399] Clause 189: The method described in Clause 188, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0400] Clause 190: The method according to Clause 188 or 189, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0401] Clause 191: The method according to any one of Clauses 188 to 190, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0402] Clause 192: The method according to Clause 191, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0403] Clause 193: The method according to Clause 191, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0404] Clause 194: The method of Clause 186 or 187, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0405] Clause 195: If the outermost protective coating includes a first protective film and a second protective film, the patterned features are, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of the second protective film, wherein at least a portion of the second protective film is masked and the other portion of the second protective film is not masked. The process involves applying a patterned film over the unmasked portion of the second protective film, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 186-194, as formed by...

[0406] Clause 196: If the outermost protective coating includes a first protective film and a second protective film, the patterned features are, This is a process of applying a mask onto a coater containing material for forming a patterned film. A process in which at least a portion of the coater is masked, and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A process of forming a patterned film by applying a material for forming a patterned film through the unmasked portion of a coater, The method described in any one of the clauses 186-194, as formed by...

[0407] Clause 197: If the outermost protective coating consists of a single protective layer, the patterned features are The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a single protective layer, wherein at least a portion of the single protective layer is masked and the other portion of the single protective layer is not masked. The process of applying a patterned film onto an unmasked portion of a single protective layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 186-194, as formed by...

[0408] Clause 198: If the outermost protective coating consists of a single protective layer, the patterned features are The process involves applying a mask onto a coater containing material for forming a patterned film, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A process of forming a patterned film by applying a material for forming a patterned film through the unmasked portion of a coater, The method described in any one of the clauses 186-194, as formed by...

[0409] Clause 199: The method described in any one of Clauses 123 to 198, wherein the substrate includes glass.

[0410] Clause 200: The method described in any one of Clauses 123 to 199, wherein the coated article is building glazing.

[0411] Clause 201: The method described in any one of Clauses 123 to 200, wherein the patterned features are visible to birds.

[0412] Clause 202: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 201, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, and a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, and the top layer is on at least a portion of the second metal layer.

[0413] Clause 203: The method according to Clause 202, wherein the second layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0414] Clause 204: The method according to Clause 203, wherein the first film of the second layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0415] Clause 205: The method according to any one of Clauses 129, 150, 151, 162-165, 179-185, and 199-204, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer.

[0416] Clause 206: The method according to Clause 205, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0417] Clause 207: The method according to Clause 206, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0418] Clause 208: The method according to Clause 206 or 207, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0419] Clause 209: The method according to any one of Clauses 206 to 208, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0420] Clause 210: The method according to Clause 209, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0421] Clause 211: The method according to Clause 209, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0422] Clause 212: The method according to Clause 205, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0423] Clause 213: Patterned features, A step of applying a mask to at least a portion of a second metal layer placed on at least a portion of a second layer, wherein at least a portion of the second metal layer is masked and the other portion of the metal layer is not masked. A step of applying an additional second metal layer of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm on the unmasked portion of the second metal layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 205 to 212, as formed by...

[0424] Clause 214: Patterned features, A step of applying a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing a material for forming a second metal layer, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a second metal layer through the unmasked portion of the coater in a size of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, The method described in any one of the clauses 205 to 212, as formed by...

[0425] Clause 215: The method according to any one of Clauses 202 to 214, wherein the second metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0426] Clause 216: The method according to any one of Clauses 202 to 214, wherein the second metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0427] Clause 217: The method according to any one of Clauses 202 to 216, wherein the functional coating further comprises a second primer layer formed on a second metal layer.

[0428] Clause 218: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 201, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, and a top layer on at least a portion of the third layer, the method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 201.

[0429] Clause 219: The method according to any one of Clauses 129, 150, 151, 162-165, 179-185, 199-201, and 218, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second layer, the second layer comprising a first film, a second film, and a third film, the first film comprising zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film comprising zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprising zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0430] Clause 220: The method according to Clause 219, wherein the second film has patterned features.

[0431] Clause 221: The method according to Clause 220, wherein the patterned features of the second film have a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm, for example, 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0432] Clause 222: The method according to any one of Clauses 219 to 221, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0433] Clause 223: The method according to Clause 222, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0434] Clause 224: The method according to Clause 222 or 223, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0435] Clause 225: The method according to any one of Clauses 222 to 224, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0436] Clause 226: The method of Clause 225, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0437] Clause 227: The method according to Clause 225, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0438] Clause 228: The method described in any one of Clauses 219 to 221, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0439] Clause 229: Patterned features, A step of applying the first film onto at least a portion of the second metal layer, A step of applying a second film on at least a portion of a first film, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a second film, such that at least a portion of the second film is masked and the other portion of the second film is not masked. A step of applying a second film of 18nm to 35nm, or for example 22nm to 30nm, onto at least a portion of an unmasked second film, The process of removing the mask, A step of applying a third film on top of a second film, The method described in any one of the clauses 219 to 228, as formed by...

[0440] Clause 230: Patterned features, A step of applying the first film onto at least a portion of the second metal layer, A step of applying a second film on at least a portion of a first film, The process involves applying a mask onto a coater containing material for a second film, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a second film onto the second film through an unmasked portion of the coater to a thickness of 18 nm to 35 nm, or for example, 22 nm to 30 nm, A step of moving an article containing a first film and a second film to a second coater containing a material for forming a third film, A step of applying a material for forming a third film onto a second film to form a third film, The method described in any one of the clauses 219 to 228, as formed by...

[0441] Clause 231: The method according to Clause 218, wherein the third layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0442] Clause 232: The method according to Clause 231, wherein the first film of the third layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0443] Clause 233: The method according to any one of Clauses 129, 150, 151, 162-165, 179-185, 199-201, 218, 231, and 232, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer.

[0444] Clause 234: The method according to Clause 233, wherein the patterned features of the third metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0445] Clause 235: The method according to Clause 233 or 234, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0446] Clause 236: The method according to Clause 235, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0447] Clause 237: The method according to Clause 235 or 236, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0448] Clause 238: The method according to any one of Clauses 235 to 237, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0449] Clause 239: The method according to Clause 238, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0450] Clause 240: The method according to Clause 238, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0451] Clause 241: The method according to Clause 233 or 234, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0452] Clause 242: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a third metal layer that is placed on at least a portion of a third layer, wherein at least a portion of the third metal layer is masked and the other portion of the third metal layer is not masked. A step of applying an additional third metal layer of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm on the unmasked portion of the third metal layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 233 to 241, as formed by...

[0453] Clause 243: Patterned features, A step of applying a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A step of applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing a material for forming a third metal layer, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a third metal layer through the unmasked portion of the coater in a size of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, The method described in any one of the clauses 233 to 241, as formed by...

[0454] Clause 244: The method according to any one of Clauses 218 to 243, wherein the third metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0455] Clause 245: The method according to any one of Clauses 218 to 243, wherein the third metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0456] Clause 246: The method according to any one of Clauses 218 to 245, wherein the functional coating further comprises a third primer layer formed on a third metal layer.

[0457] Clause 247: The method according to any one of Clauses 123 to 201, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side further includes a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, a fourth layer on at least a portion of the third metal layer, and a top layer on at least a portion of the fourth metal layer.

[0458] Clause 248: The method according to Clause 247, wherein the fourth layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0459] Clause 249: The method according to Clause 248, wherein the first film of the fourth layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the third metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0460] Clause 250: The method according to any one of Clauses 129, 150, 151, 162-165, 179-185, 199-201, and 248-249, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer.

[0461] Clause 251: The method according to Clause 250, wherein the patterned features of the fourth metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0462] Clause 252: The method according to Clause 250 or 251, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0463] Clause 253: The method according to Clause 252, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0464] Clause 254: The method according to Clause 252 or 253, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0465] Clause 255: The method according to any one of Clauses 252 to 254, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0466] Clause 256: The method of Clause 255, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0467] Clause 257: The method according to Clause 255, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0468] Clause 258: The method according to Clause 250 or 251, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0469] Clause 259: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a fourth metal layer that is placed on at least a portion of a fourth layer, wherein at least a portion of the fourth metal layer is masked and the other portion of the fourth metal layer is not masked. A step of applying an additional fourth metal layer of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm on the unmasked portion of the fourth metal layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 250 to 258, as formed by...

[0470] Clause 260: Patterned features, A step of applying a fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer, A step of applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing a material for forming a fourth metal layer, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a fourth metal layer through the unmasked portion of the coater in a size of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, The method described in any one of the clauses 250 to 258, as formed by...

[0471] Clause 261: The method according to any one of Clauses 247 to 260, wherein the fourth metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0472] Clause 262: The method according to any one of Clauses 247 to 261, wherein the functional coating further comprises a fourth primer layer formed on a fourth metal layer.

[0473] Clause 263: A first ply having a first side including a No. 1 surface and a second side including a No. 2 surface, wherein the No. 2 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 1 surface, A second ply having a first side including a No. 3 surface and a second side including a No. 4 surface, wherein the No. 4 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 3 surface, An insulating glass unit including, The first ply and the second ply are connected to each other. The functional coating is placed on at least a portion of the second side, including the No. 2 surface, and the functional coating is A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, the base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A top layer placed on at least a portion of the metal layer, Includes, The second side, including surface No. 2, has patterned features. Insulated glass unit.

[0474] Clause 264: The insulating glass unit according to Clause 263, wherein patterned features are formed as microablations on the No. 2 surface.

[0475] Clause 265: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 264, wherein the microablation has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0476] Clause 266: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 264 or 265, wherein the microablations are spaced at least 2 inches apart from each other.

[0477] Clause 267: An insulating glass unit according to any one of Clauses 264 to 266, wherein microablations are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the No. 2 surface.

[0478] Clause 268: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 263, wherein patterned features are formed on a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side, including the No. 2 surface.

[0479] Clause 269: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 268, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a first film on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, and the second film is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film and also in direct contact with at least a portion of the No. 2 surface.

[0480] Clause 270: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 268 or 269, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0481] Clause 271: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 270, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0482] Clause 272: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 270 or 271, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0483] Clause 273: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 270 to 272, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the No. 2 surface.

[0484] Clause 274: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 273, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the No. 2 surface.

[0485] Clause 275: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 274, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across surface No. 2.

[0486] Clause 276: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 268 or 269, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0487] Clause 277: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 268, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second film placed on at least a portion of a first film, and a metal layer is in direct contact with at least a portion of the first film and at least a portion of the second film.

[0488] Clause 278: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 277, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0489] Clause 279: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 278, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0490] Clause 280: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 278 or 279, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0491] Clause 281: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 277-280, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the No. 2 surface.

[0492] Clause 282: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 281, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across surface No. 2.

[0493] Clause 283: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 281, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across surface No. 2.

[0494] Clause 284: The insulated glass unit described in Clause 277, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0495] Clause 285: An insulating glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 284, wherein the first film comprises zinc stannate, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum silicon nitride, aluminum silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum silicon oxynitride, or tin oxide, and the second film comprises zinc oxide or zinc aluminum oxide.

[0496] Clause 286: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 285, wherein the first film contains zinc stannate or tin oxide, and the second film contains zinc oxide.

[0497] Clause 287: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 268, 285, and 286, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a metal layer positioned on at least a portion of the base layer.

[0498] Clause 288: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 287, wherein the patterned features of the metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0499] Clause 289: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 287 or 288, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0500] Clause 290: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 289, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0501] Clause 291: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 289 or 290, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0502] Clause 292: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 289 to 291, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0503] Clause 293: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 292, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0504] Clause 294: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 292, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0505] Clause 295: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 287 or 288, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0506] Clause 296: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 263 to 295, wherein the metal layer includes silver, gold, palladium, copper, alloys thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0507] Clause 297: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 263 to 296, wherein the metal layer contains silver.

[0508] Clause 298: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 297, wherein the top layer comprises a first film and a second film.

[0509] Clause 299: An insulating glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 298, wherein the first film of the top layer comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, and the second film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide on at least a portion of the first film.

[0510] Clause 300: A thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 268, 285, 286, 296, and 297, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the top layer, and the top layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0511] Clause 301: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 300, wherein the third film of the top layer has patterned features.

[0512] Clause 302: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 300 or 301, wherein the first film of the top layer comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, the second film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide disposed on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprises zinc stannate or tin oxide disposed on at least a portion of the second film.

[0513] Clause 303: The thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 300 to 302, wherein the third film of the top layer has a thickness in the range of 3 nm to 60 nm, for example, 5 nm to 55 nm.

[0514] Clause 304: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 300 to 302, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0515] Clause 305: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 304, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0516] Clause 306: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 304 or 305, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0517] Clause 307: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 304 to 306, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0518] Clause 308: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 307, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0519] Clause 309: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 307, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0520] Clause 310: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 300 to 302, wherein the patterned features are asymmetrical features.

[0521] Clause 311: The thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 310, wherein the functional coating further comprises a primer layer on at least a portion of the metal layer.

[0522] Clause 312: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 311, wherein the primer layer is selected from the group consisting of titanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, nickel, zirconium, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, aluminum alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0523] Clause 313: The thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 312, wherein the functional coating further comprises an outermost protective coating including a protective layer, the protective layer comprising at least one of Si3N4, SiAlN, SiAlON, SiAlO, TiAlO, titania, alumina, silica, zirconia, or a combination thereof.

[0524] Clause 314: The insulated glass unit described in Clause 313, wherein the protective layer includes titania.

[0525] Clause 315: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 313, wherein the protective layer comprises a first protective film and a second protective film, the second protective film being positioned on at least a portion of the first protective film.

[0526] Clause 316: The insulating glass unit according to Clause 315, wherein the first protective film comprises SiAlO.

[0527] Clause 317: The insulating glass unit according to Clause 315, wherein the second protective film includes TiAlO.

[0528] Clause 318: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 268, 285, 286, 296-299, and 311-317, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the outermost protective coating, and the outermost protective coating further comprises a patterned film on at least a portion of the protective layer.

[0529] Clause 319: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 318, wherein the patterned film has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm, for example, 10 nm to 100 nm.

[0530] Clause 320: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 318 or 319, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0531] Clause 321: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 320, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0532] Clause 322: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 320 or 321, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0533] Clause 323: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 320 to 322, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0534] Clause 324: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 323, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0535] Clause 325: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 323, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0536] Clause 326: A coated article as described in Clause 318 or 319, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0537] Clause 327: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 263 to 326, wherein the first ply and the second ply include glass.

[0538] Clause 328: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 263 to 327, wherein the patterned features are visible to birds.

[0539] Clause 329: The insulating glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 328, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side including the No. 2 surface further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, and a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, and the top layer is on at least a portion of the second metal layer.

[0540] Clause 330: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 329, wherein the second layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0541] Clause 331: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 330, wherein the first film of the second layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0542] Clause 332: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 268, 285, 286, 296-299, 311-317, and 327-331, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer.

[0543] Clause 333: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 332, wherein the patterned features of the second metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0544] Clause 334: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 332 or 333, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0545] Clause 335: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 334, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0546] Clause 336: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 334 or 335, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0547] Clause 337: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 334 to 336, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0548] Clause 338: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 337, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0549] Clause 339: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 337, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0550] Clause 340: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 332 or 333, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0551] Clause 341: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 329 to 340, wherein the second metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0552] Clause 342: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 329 to 340, wherein the second metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0553] Clause 343: The thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 329 to 342, wherein the functional coating further comprises a second primer layer formed on the second metal layer.

[0554] An insulating glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 328, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side including the No. 2 surface further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, and a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, and the top layer is on at least a portion of the third metal layer.

[0555] Clause 345: A thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 268, 285, 286, 296-299, 311-317, 327, 328, and 344, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second layer, the second layer comprising a first film, a second film, and a third film, the first film comprising zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film comprising zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprising zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0556] Clause 346: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 345, wherein the second film has patterned features.

[0557] Clause 347: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 346, wherein the patterned features of the second film have a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm, for example, 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0558] Clause 348: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 345 to 347, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0559] Clause 349: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 348, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0560] Clause 350: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 348 or 349, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0561] Clause 351: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 348 to 350, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0562] Clause 352: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 351, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0563] Clause 353: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 351, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0564] Clause 354: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 345 to 347, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0565] Clause 355: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 344, wherein the third layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0566] Clause 356: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 355, wherein the first film of the third layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0567] Clause 357: A thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 268, 285, 286, 296-299, 311-317, 327, 328, 344, 355, and 356, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer.

[0568] Clause 358: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 357, wherein the patterned features of the third metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0569] Clause 359: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 357 or 358, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0570] Clause 360: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 359, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0571] Clause 361: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 359 or 360, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0572] Clause 362: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 359 to 361, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0573] Clause 363: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 362, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0574] Clause 364: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 362, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0575] Clause 365: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 357 or 358, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0576] Clause 366: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 344 to 365, wherein the third metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0577] Clause 367: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 344 to 365, wherein the third metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0578] Clause 368: The thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 344 to 367, wherein the functional coating further comprises a third primer layer formed on the third metal layer.

[0579] Clause 369: The insulating glass unit according to any one of Clauses 263 to 328, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side including the No. 2 surface further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, a fourth layer on at least a portion of the third metal layer, and a fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer, and the top layer is on at least a portion of the fourth metal layer.

[0580] Clause 370: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 369, wherein the fourth layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0581] Clause 371: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 370, wherein the first film of the fourth layer contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the third metal layer, the second film contains zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film contains zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0582] Clause 372: A thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 268, 285, 286, 296-299, 311-317, 327, 328, and 369-371, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer.

[0583] Clause 373: The heat insulating glass unit according to Clause 372, wherein the patterned features of the fourth metal layer film have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0584] Clause 374: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 372 or 373, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0585] Clause 375: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 374, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0586] Clause 376: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 374 or 375, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0587] Clause 377: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 374 to 376, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0588] Clause 378: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 377, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0589] Clause 379: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 377, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0590] Clause 380: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 372 or 373, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0591] Clause 381: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 368 to 380, wherein the fourth metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0592] Clause 382: The thermal insulation glass unit according to any one of Clauses 368 to 381, wherein the functional coating further comprises a fourth primer layer formed on the fourth metal layer.

[0593] Clause 383: A substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A functional coating placed on at least a portion of the second side, A coated article including, Functional coatings are A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, A second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, A third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, A third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A top layer positioned on at least a portion of the third metal layer, Includes, A coated article having a patterned feature on the second side.

[0594] Clause 384: The coated article described in Clause 383, wherein the functional coating consists of three metal layers.

[0595] Clause 385: A coated article according to Clause 383 or 384, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side.

[0596] Clause 386: A coated article according to any one of Clauses 383 to 385, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second layer.

[0597] Clause 387: The coated article as described in Clause 386, wherein the second layer comprises the first film, the second film, and the third film.

[0598] Clause 388: The coated article according to Clause 387, wherein the first film comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film comprises zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0599] Clause 389: The coated article according to Clause 387 or 388, wherein the second film has patterned features.

[0600] Clause 390: The coated article according to Clause 389, wherein the patterned features of the second film have a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm, for example, 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0601] Clause 391: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 386 to 390, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0602] Clause 392: A coated article as described in Clause 391, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0603] Clause 393: A coated article as described in Clause 391 or 392, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0604] Clause 394: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 391 to 393, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0605] Clause 395: The coated article described in Clause 394, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0606] Clause 396: The coated article described in Clause 394, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0607] Clause 397: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 386-390, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0608] Clause 398: A method for manufacturing a coated article, the method is: A step of providing a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A step of forming a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side, Includes, The process of forming a functional coating is: A step of forming a base layer on at least a portion of a second surface, the step of forming the base layer includes forming a first film on at least a portion of the second surface, and forming a second film on at least a portion of the first film, A step of forming a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer, A step of forming a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, A step of forming a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, A step of forming a third layer on at least a portion of a second metal layer, A step of forming a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A step of forming a top layer on at least a portion of the third metal layer, Includes, The above method wherein the second side has patterned features.

[0609] Clause 399: The method according to Clause 398, wherein the functional coating consists of three metal layers.

[0610] Clause 400: The method according to Clause 398 or 399, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side.

[0611] Clause 401: The method according to any one of Clauses 398-400, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second layer.

[0612] Clause 402: The method according to Clause 401, wherein the second layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0613] Clause 403: The method according to Clause 402, wherein the first film comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film comprises zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0614] Clause 404: The method according to Clause 402 or 403, wherein the second film has patterned features.

[0615] Clause 405: The method according to Clause 404, wherein the patterned features of the second film have a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm, for example, 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0616] Clause 406: The method according to any one of Clauses 401 to 405, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0617] Clause 407: The method according to Clause 406, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0618] Clause 408: The method according to Clause 406 or 407, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0619] Clause 409: The method according to any one of Clauses 406 to 408, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0620] Clause 410: The method according to Clause 409, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0621] Clause 411: The method according to Clause 409, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0622] Clause 412: The method described in any one of Clauses 401 to 405, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0623] Clause 413: Patterned features, A step of applying the first film onto at least a portion of the second metal layer, A step of applying a second film on at least a portion of a first film, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a second film, such that at least a portion of the second film is masked and the other portion of the second film is not masked. Furthermore, the process includes applying a second film to at least a portion of a second film that is partially masked and other portions are not masked, The process of removing the mask, A step of applying a third film on top of a second film, The method described in any one of the clauses 401 to 412, as formed by...

[0624] Clause 414: Patterned features, A step of applying the first film onto at least a portion of the second metal layer, A step of applying a second film on at least a portion of a first film, The process involves applying a mask onto a coater containing material for a second film, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a second film onto the second film through an unmasked portion of the coater to a thickness of 18 nm to 35 nm, or for example, 22 nm to 30 nm, A step of moving an article containing a first film and a second film to a second coater containing a material for forming a third film, A step of applying a material for forming a third film onto a second film to form a third film, The method described in any one of the clauses 401 to 412, as formed by...

[0625] Clause 415: A first ply having a first side including a No. 1 surface and a second side including a No. 2 surface, wherein the No. 2 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 1 surface, A second ply having a first side including a No. 3 surface and a second side including a No. 4 surface, wherein the No. 4 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 3 surface, An insulating glass unit including, The first ply and the second ply are connected to each other. The functional coating is placed on at least a portion of the second side, including the No. 2 surface, and the functional coating is A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, the base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, A second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, A third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, A third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A top layer positioned on at least a portion of the third metal layer, Includes, The second side, including surface No. 2, has patterned features. Insulated glass unit.

[0626] Clause 416: The insulating glass unit as described in Clause 415, wherein the functional coating consists of three metal layers.

[0627] Clause 417: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 415 or 416, wherein patterned features are formed on a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side.

[0628] Clause 418: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 415 to 417, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the second layer.

[0629] Clause 419: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 418, wherein the second layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

[0630] Clause 420: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 419, wherein the first film comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second metal layer, the second film comprises zinc stannate on at least a portion of the first film, and the third film comprises zinc oxide on at least a portion of the second film.

[0631] Clause 421: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 419 or 420, wherein the second film has patterned features.

[0632] Clause 422: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 421, wherein the patterned features of the second film have a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm, for example, 22 nm to 30 nm.

[0633] Clause 423: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 418 to 422, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0634] Clause 424: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 423, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0635] Clause 425: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 423 or 424, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0636] Clause 426: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 423 to 425, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0637] Clause 427: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 426, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0638] Clause 428: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 426, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0639] Clause 429: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 418 to 422, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0640] Clause 430: A substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A functional coating placed on at least a portion of the second side, A coated article including, Functional coatings are A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, A second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, A third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, A third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A top layer positioned on at least a portion of the third metal layer, Includes, A coated article having a patterned feature on the second side.

[0641] Clause 431: The coated article described in Clause 430, wherein the functional coating consists of three metal layers.

[0642] Clause 432: A coated article according to Clause 430 or 431, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side.

[0643] Clause 433: The coated article according to Clause 432, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer.

[0644] Clause 434: The coated article according to Clause 433, wherein the patterned features of the metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0645] Clause 435: A coated article as described in Clause 433 or 434, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0646] Clause 436: A coated article as described in Clause 435, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0647] Clause 437: A coated article as described in Clause 435 or 436, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0648] Clause 438: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 435 to 437, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across a second surface.

[0649] Clause 439: The coated article described in Clause 438, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0650] Clause 440: The coated article described in Clause 438, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0651] Clause 441: A coated article as described in Clause 433 or 434, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0652] Clause 442: The coated article according to Clause 432, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the second metal layer, which is on at least a portion of the second layer.

[0653] Clause 443: The coated article according to Clause 442, wherein the patterned features of the second metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0654] Clause 444: A coated article as described in Clause 442 or 443, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical feature including stripes.

[0655] Clause 445: A coated article as described in Clause 444, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0656] Clause 446: A coated article as described in Clause 444 or 445, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0657] Clause 447: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 444 to 446, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across a second surface.

[0658] Clause 448: The coated article described in Clause 447, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0659] Clause 449: The coated article described in Clause 447, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0660] Clause 450: A coated article as described in Clause 442 or 443, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0661] Clause 451: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 430 to 450, wherein the second metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0662] Clause 452: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 430 to 450, wherein the second metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0663] Clause 453: The coated article according to Clause 432, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer.

[0664] Clause 454: The coated article according to Clause 453, wherein the patterned features of the third metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0665] Clause 455: A coated article as described in Clause 453 or 454, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0666] Clause 456: A coated article as described in Clause 455, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0667] Clause 457: A coated article as described in Clause 455 or 456, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0668] Clause 458: A coated article as described in any one of Clauses 455 to 457, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0669] Clause 459: The coated article described in Clause 458, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0670] Clause 460: The coated article described in Clause 458, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0671] Clause 461: A coated article as described in Clause 453 or 454, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0672] Clause 462: A method for manufacturing a coated article, the method is: A step of providing a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A step of forming a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side, Includes, The process of forming a functional coating is: A step of forming a base layer on at least a portion of a second surface, the step of forming the base layer includes forming a first film on at least a portion of the second surface, and forming a second film on at least a portion of the first film, A step of forming a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer, A step of forming a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, A step of forming a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, A step of forming a third layer on at least a portion of a second metal layer, A step of forming a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A step of forming a top layer on at least a portion of the third metal layer, Includes, The above method wherein the second side has patterned features.

[0673] Clause 463: The method according to Clause 462, wherein the functional coating consists of three metal layers.

[0674] Clause 464: The method according to Clause 462 or 463, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side.

[0675] Clause 465: The method according to Clause 464, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer.

[0676] Clause 466: The method according to Clause 465, wherein the patterned features of the metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0677] Clause 467: The method according to Clause 465 or 466, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0678] Clause 468: The method according to Clause 467, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0679] Clause 469: The method according to Clause 467 or 468, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0680] Clause 470: The method according to any one of Clauses 467 to 469, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0681] Clause 471: The method according to Clause 470, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0682] Clause 472: The method according to Clause 470, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0683] Clause 473: The method of Clause 465 or 466, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0684] Clause 474: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a metal layer placed on at least a portion of a base layer, wherein at least a portion of the metal layer is masked and the other portion of the metal layer is not masked. A step of applying an additional metal layer of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, on the unmasked portion of the metal layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 465 to 473, as formed by...

[0685] Clause 475: Patterned features, A step of applying a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer, A process of applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing a material for forming a metal layer, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a metal layer through the unmasked portion of the coater in a wavelength of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, The method described in any one of the clauses 465 to 473, as formed by...

[0686] Clause 476: The method according to Clause 464, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer.

[0687] Clause 477: The method according to Clause 476, wherein the patterned features of the second metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0688] Clause 478: The coating method described in Clause 476 or 477, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical feature including stripes.

[0689] Clause 479: The method described in Clause 478, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0690] Clause 480: The method according to Clause 478 or 479, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0691] Clause 481: The method according to any one of Clauses 478 to 480, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0692] Clause 482: The method according to Clause 481, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0693] Clause 483: The method according to Clause 481, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0694] Clause 484: The method of Clause 476 or 477, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0695] Clause 485: Patterned features, A step of applying a mask to at least a portion of a second metal layer placed on at least a portion of a second layer, wherein at least a portion of the second metal layer is masked and the other portion of the metal layer is not masked. A step of applying an additional second metal layer of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm on the unmasked portion of the second metal layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 476 to 484, as formed by...

[0696] Clause 486: Patterned features, A step of applying a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing a material for forming a second metal layer, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a second metal layer through the unmasked portion of the coater in a size of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, The method described in any one of the clauses 476 to 484, as formed by...

[0697] Clause 487: The method according to any one of Clauses 462 to 486, wherein the second metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0698] Clause 488: The method according to any one of Clauses 462 to 486, wherein the second metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0699] Clause 489: The method according to Clause 464, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer.

[0700] Clause 490: The method according to Clause 489, wherein the patterned features of the third metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0701] Clause 491: The method according to Clause 489 or 490, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0702] Clause 492: The method according to Clause 491, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0703] Clause 493: The method according to Clause 491 or 492, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0704] Clause 494: The method according to any one of Clauses 491 to 493, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally across the second surface.

[0705] Clause 495: The method according to Clause 494, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0706] Clause 496: The method according to Clause 494, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0707] Clause 497: The method of Clause 489 or 490, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0708] Clause 498: Patterned features, The process involves applying a mask to at least a portion of a third metal layer that is placed on at least a portion of a third layer, wherein at least a portion of the third metal layer is masked and the other portion of the third metal layer is not masked. A step of applying an additional third metal layer of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm on the unmasked portion of the third metal layer, The process of removing the mask, The method described in any one of the clauses 489 to 497, as formed by...

[0709] Clause 499: Patterned features, A step of applying a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A step of applying a mask to at least a portion of a coater containing a material for forming a third metal layer, wherein at least a portion of the coater is masked and the other portion of the coater is not masked. A step of applying a material for forming a third metal layer through the unmasked portion of the coater in a size of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm, The method described in any one of the clauses 489 to 497, as formed by...

[0710] Clause 500: A first ply having a first side including a No. 1 surface and a second side including a No. 2 surface, wherein the No. 2 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 1 surface, A second ply having a first side including a No. 3 surface and a second side including a No. 4 surface, wherein the No. 4 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 3 surface, An insulating glass unit including, The first ply and the second ply are connected to each other. The functional coating is placed on at least a portion of the second side, including the No. 2 surface, and the functional coating is A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, the base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, A second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, A third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, A third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, A top layer positioned on at least a portion of the third metal layer, Includes, The second side, including surface No. 2, has patterned features. Insulated glass unit.

[0711] Clause 501: The insulating glass unit according to Clause 500, wherein the functional coating consists of three metal layers.

[0712] Clause 502: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 500 or 501, wherein patterned features are formed on a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side.

[0713] Clause 503: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 502, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer.

[0714] Clause 504: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 503, wherein the patterned features of the metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, for example 1 nm to 15 nm, for example 1 nm to 10 nm, or for example 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0715] Clause 505: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 503 or 504, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0716] Clause 506: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 505, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0717] Clause 507: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 505 or 506, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0718] Clause 508: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 505 to 507, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0719] Clause 509: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 508, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0720] Clause 510: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 508, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0721] Clause 511: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 503 or 504, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0722] Clause 512: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 502, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer.

[0723] Clause 513: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 512, wherein the patterned features of the second metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0724] Clause 514: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 512 or 513, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical feature including stripes.

[0725] Clause 515: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 514, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0726] Clause 516: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 514 or 515, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0727] Clause 517: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 514 to 516, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0728] Clause 518: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 517, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0729] Clause 519: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 517, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0730] Clause 520: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 512 or 513, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern.

[0731] Clause 521: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 500 to 520, wherein the second metal layer is a continuous layer.

[0732] Clause 522: An insulated glass unit as described in any one of Clauses 500 to 520, wherein the second metal layer is a discontinuous layer.

[0733] Clause 523: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 502, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer.

[0734] Clause 524: The thermal insulation glass unit according to Clause 523, wherein the patterned features of the third metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 15 nm, e.g., 1 nm to 10 nm, or e.g., 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0735] Clause 525: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 523 or 524, wherein the patterned feature is a symmetrical pattern including stripes.

[0736] Clause 526: The insulated glass unit as described in Clause 525, wherein the stripe has a width of at least 0.1 inches.

[0737] Clause 527: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 525 or 526, wherein the stripes are spaced at least two inches apart from each other.

[0738] Clause 528: An insulated glass unit according to any one of Clauses 525 to 527, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally across the second surface.

[0739] Clause 529: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 528, wherein the stripes are arranged horizontally across the second surface.

[0740] Clause 530: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 528, wherein the stripes are arranged perpendicularly across the second surface.

[0741] Clause 531: The insulated glass unit according to Clause 523 or 524, wherein the patterned feature is an asymmetric pattern. [Examples]

[0742] [Example 1] Coated articles were formed by applying a functional coating to a 6-inch x 12-inch transparent soda-lime glass substrate according to Table 1. The substrate thickness was 6 millimeters (mm). Before applying the third film of the top layer, a stainless steel plate with a 0.25-inch wide strip removed was applied on top of the second film of the top layer (zinc stannate). Next, the third film of the top layer (zinc stannate) was applied to the unmasked portion of the second film of the top layer (zinc stannate) to form patterned features. After applying the third film of the top layer (zinc stannate), the mask was removed. The thicknesses of the third film of the top layer for samples 1-4 were 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, and 55 nm, respectively. [Table 1]

[0743] Photographs of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 are shown in Figures 12A to 12C, respectively, and depict coated glass substrates photographed under reflected light. To obtain reflected light, a lightbox was shone at a 90-degree angle from the patterned coated article. The patterned coated article was placed on a flat surface perpendicular to the lightbox. As shown in Figures 12A to 12C, the patterned features become more visible as the thickness of the top layer's top film (zinc stannate) increases.

[0744] A photograph of sample 4 is shown in Figure 13, which shows a coated glass substrate photographed under reflected light. The spectral characteristics of the patterned features of sample 4 are shown in Table 2. "T" represents transmittance, "Rf" represents reflectance on the coating side, and "Rg" represents reflectance on the glass side. [Table 2]

[0745] [Example 2] Coated articles were formed by applying a functional coating to a 6-inch x 12-inch transparent soda-lime glass substrate according to Table 3. The glass substrate thickness of samples 6-9 was 6 mm. Before applying the third film of the top layer, a stainless steel plate with a 0.25-inch wide strip removed was applied on top of the second film (zinc stannate) of the top layer. Next, the third film (zinc stannate) of the top layer was applied to the unmasked portion of the second film (zinc stannate) of the top layer to form patterned features. After applying the third film (zinc stannate) of the top layer, the mask was removed. The thickness of the third film of the top layer for samples 6-9 was 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, and 30 nm, respectively. [Table 3]

[0746] Photographs of samples 6, 7, and 8 are shown in Figures 14A to 14C, respectively, and were taken of the coated glass substrates under reflected light. As shown in Figures 14A to 14C, the patterned features become more visible as the thickness of the top layer's top film (zinc stannate) increases.

[0747] Samples 8 and 9 were heated. The spectral characteristics of the patterned features of samples 8 and 9 are shown in Table 4. [Table 4]

[0748] [Example 3] Coated articles were formed by applying a functional coating to a 0.5 m × 1 m transparent soda-lime glass substrate according to Table 5. The glass substrate thickness of sample 10 was 6 mm. A layer of zinc stannate was deposited to form the second film of the second layer. A stainless steel plate with a 0.25 inch wide strip removed was applied on top of the previously deposited zinc stannate layer. Next, a 25 nm thick layer of zinc stannate was applied on the unmasked portion of the previous zinc stannate layer to form a patterned zinc stannate feature. The mask was then removed. The first zinc stannate layer and the patterned zinc stannate feature form the second film of the second layer. Next, the third film (zinc oxide) of the second layer was applied on top of the previously masked portion of the second film and the patterned feature. A schematic diagram of sample 10 is shown in Figure 16. [Table 5]

[0749] Sample 10 was heated. The spectral characteristics of the patterned features of sample 10 are shown in Table 6. Sample 10 showed contrast in reflection and a neutral transmission color (Tb). [Table 6]

[0750] [Example 4] Coated articles were formed by applying a functional coating to a 6-inch x 12-inch transparent soda-lime glass substrate according to Table 7. The substrate thickness was 6 mm. After applying the metal layer, a stainless steel plate with a 0.25-inch wide strip removed was applied on top of the second film (zinc stannate) of the base layer. Next, an additional 2 nm metal layer was applied to the unmasked portion of the metal layer to form patterned features. After applying the additional metal layer, the mask was removed and a first primer layer was applied on top of the metal layer and the additional metal layer (patterned features). [Table 7]

[0751] When sample 11 was photographed under reflected light, the patterned features were visible under reflected light. The patterned features were also slightly visible under transmitted light.

[0752] Table 8 shows the spectral characteristics of the patterned features of sample 11. [Table 8]

[0753] [Example 5] Coated articles were formed by applying a functional coating to a 6-inch x 12-inch transparent soda-lime glass substrate according to Table 9. The substrate thickness was 6 mm. After applying the third metal layer, a stainless steel plate with a 0.25-inch wide strip removed was applied on top of the third film (zinc oxide) of the third layer. Next, an additional 2 nm third metal layer was applied to the unmasked portion of the third metal layer to form patterned features. After applying the additional third metal layer, the mask was removed and a third primer layer was applied on top of the third metal layer and the additional third metal layer (patterned features). [Table 9]

[0754] When sample 12 was photographed under reflected light, the patterned features were visible under reflected light. The patterned features were also slightly visible under transmitted light.

[0755] Table 10 shows the spectral characteristics of the patterned features of sample 12. [Table 10]

[0756] [Example 6] Three coated articles were prepared and tunnel tests were conducted at the American Bird Conservancy. These tunnel tests aimed to assess the glass substrate's ability to deter collisions with birds.

[0757] The coated article of Sample 13 was formed by applying a functional coating to a 6-inch x 12-inch transparent soda-lime glass substrate. The substrate thickness was 6 mm. The functional coating had the same structure as that shown in Sample 9 of Table 3. The functional coating was applied using the same procedure as described in Example 2.

[0758] The coated article of sample 14 was formed by applying a functional coating to a 6-inch x 12-inch transparent soda-lime glass substrate. The substrate thickness was 6 mm. The functional coating had the same structure as shown in Table 5. The functional coating was applied using the same procedure as described in Example 3.

[0759] The coated article of sample 15 was formed by applying a functional coating to a 6-inch x 12-inch clear soda-lime glass substrate. The substrate thickness was 3.2 mm. The functional coating had the same structure as shown in Table 7. The functional coating was applied using the same procedure as described in Example 4.

[0760] Samples 13, 14, and 15 each had a threat coefficient of less than 30, indicating that the coated articles have the ability to deter bird collisions.

[0761] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that modifications to the present invention can be made without departing from the concepts disclosed in the foregoing description. Accordingly, the specific embodiments described in detail herein are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention, which extends to the entire scope of the appended claims and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side, A coated article including, Functional coatings are A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, the base layer comprising a first film disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A top layer placed on at least a portion of the metal layer, Includes, The second side has patterned features, Coated articles.

2. The coated article according to claim 1, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side.

3. Patterned features are formed on a metal layer placed on top of at least a portion of the base layer. The coated article according to claim 2, wherein the patterned features of the metal layer have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm.

4. The coated article according to claim 2, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the top layer, and the top layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

5. The coated article according to claim 4, wherein the third film of the top layer has patterned features, and the third film of the top layer has a thickness in the range of 3 nm to 60 nm.

6. The coated article according to claim 1, wherein the functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer and a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, and the top layer is on at least a portion of the second metal layer.

7. The coated article according to claim 6, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, and the patterned feature of the second metal layer has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm.

8. The coated article according to claim 1, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, and a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, and the top layer is on at least a portion of the third metal layer.

9. The coated article according to claim 8, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a second layer, and the second layer comprises a first film, a second film, and a third film.

10. The coated article according to claim 9, wherein the second film has patterned features, and the patterned features of the second film have a thickness in the range of 18 nm to 35 nm.

11. The coated article according to claim 8, wherein a patterned feature is formed on a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, and the patterned feature on the third metal layer has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm.

12. The coated article according to claim 1, wherein a functional coating disposed on at least a portion of the second side further comprises a second layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, a second metal layer on at least a portion of the second layer, a third layer on at least a portion of the second metal layer, a third metal layer on at least a portion of the third layer, a fourth layer on at least a portion of the third metal layer, and a fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer, the top layer being on at least a portion of the fourth metal layer.

13. The coated article according to claim 12, wherein a patterned feature is formed on the fourth metal layer on at least a portion of the fourth layer, and the patterned feature of the fourth metal layer film has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm.

14. A method for manufacturing a coated article, the method is A step of providing a substrate having a first side including a first surface and a second side including a second surface, wherein the second surface is on the opposite side of the first surface, A step of forming a functional coating on at least a portion of the second side, Includes, The process of forming a functional coating is: A step of forming a base layer on at least a portion of a second surface, the step of forming the base layer includes forming a first film on at least a portion of the second surface, and forming a second film on at least a portion of the first film, A step of forming a metal layer on at least a portion of the base layer, A step of forming a top layer on at least a portion of the metal layer, Includes, The second side has patterned features, The above method.

15. A first ply having a first side including a No. 1 surface and a second side including a No. 2 surface, wherein the No. 2 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 1 surface, A second ply having a first side including a No. 3 surface and a second side including a No. 4 surface, wherein the No. 4 surface is on the opposite side of the No. 3 surface, An insulating glass unit including, The first ply and the second ply are connected to each other. The functional coating is located on at least a portion of the second side, including the No. 2 surface, and the functional coating is A base layer disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, the base layer includes a first film disposed on at least a portion of the No. 2 surface, and a second film disposed on at least a portion of the first film, A metal layer placed on at least a portion of the base layer, A top layer placed on at least a portion of the metal layer, Includes, The second side, including surface No. 2, has patterned features. Insulated glass unit.

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