Telescopic structure

Abstract

An expandable structure comprising a central core that is tightly nested within at least one intermediate layer, the intermediate layers being tightly nested within each other and within the outer layer. At least a portion of the central core is in contact with an adjacent layer, and likewise at least a portion of each layer is in contact with an adjacent layer. The central core has at least one ridge on its exterior, the outer layer has at least one ridge on its interior, and the intermediate layer(s) have at least one ridge on each side, with the ridges of adjacent layers interlocking with each other. The structure is held in an expanded state by contact between each layer and by contact between the innermost layer and the central core.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a system and method for creating an expandable enclosed space within a structure. In the enclosed configuration, all extensions and central sections fit into the base of the expandable structure. The extensions and central sections can be pulled out or screwed into the base and can be locked in the extended position. [Background technology]

[0002] Sturdy, lightweight, and expandable structures have many applications, from storage units to mobile shelters. A very common example of an expandable structure used as a support is a tent pole. Conventional tent poles consist of multiple sections, each section being separated for transport, significantly reducing the size of the package (total of pole and tent wall) that needs to be carried, and each section is assembled to fit into the next section.

[0003] The drawbacks of modular tent poles are that the disassembled sections are much shorter than the assembled pole, but significantly wider. The locking mechanism of telescopic tent poles is weaker than the sections themselves, sometimes significantly weaker, and can be inconvenient to lock and unlock. Lateral forces applied to the assembled pole can cause buckling, especially at the joints. Furthermore, there are limits to the load the pole can support.

[0004] When humans need to protect themselves from the environment, they often require more robust, mobile, and collapsible shelters. For example, people may lose their homes in natural disasters or become homeless due to other circumstances. Mobile shelters can be used to provide short-term or long-term housing for such people.

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 4,974,265 discloses a multipurpose shelter that can be used as a toilet, shower, or changing room large enough to accommodate one person, wherein a cross-sectional embodiment comprises a cylindrical truncated shell including a number of flexible wall sections that gradually decrease in diameter, with a floor having ventilation and drainage slits, the wall sections being able to be lifted in an telescopic manner and held upright in the extended position by friction, and can be quickly and easily installed on site without tools for special instructions, and can also be folded into a low-profile shape for quick and easy transport, storage, or shipping.

[0006] However, in U.S. Patent No. 4,974,265, each section has flat sides and is held in the stretched configuration by friction between the flat sides of the sections and by sealing tape, so the frictional force between panels is small in the stretched configuration. As described in the patent, "a light tap or impact will drive the sections downward over the alternately arranged panels so that the sections nest together in a uniform folded state inside the case." The sealing tape may lose its tackiness over time and with repeated stretching and folding. Because only "a light tap or impact" is required to fold the structure, even moderate winds could cause the structure to collapse or material to leak through the walls. The base of the structure is joined to the lowest vertical section only at the bottom edge of the lowest vertical section, so the base provides little stabilization to the structure and little reaction force to the sides of the structure. Because the wall sections are nested and the innermost section is the highest when the wall is stretched, the openings at each joint face upward on the outside of the structure. Therefore, water flowing on the outside of the structure (for example, when it is raining) will flow into the upward-opening side of the joint, and is more likely to flow through the joint into the interior of the structure between the flat surface sections, especially when it is windy or when the sealing tape on the outside of the structure no longer provides a continuous seal. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 4974265 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0008] Therefore, there has long been a need to provide an expandable structure that does not easily revert to a reduced configuration, is less likely to leak, and is less likely to be damaged by wind or weather, or during transport. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The object of the present invention is to disclose a system for creating a closed space, the system being expandable. In a closed (reduced) configuration, all extensions (intermediate and central sections) fit into the base (outer section) of the expandable structure, and the extensions can be pulled out from the base and locked in the expanded position.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure having at least two configurations, namely a reduced configuration and an extended configuration, and a main vertical axis, the structure being A central part having at least one central side surface and at least one of the central upper surface and the central lower surface, An at least one intermediate layer having an upper intermediate layer surface, a lower intermediate layer surface, the inside of at least one intermediate layer, and the outside of at least one intermediate layer, An outer layer having at least one inward-facing side surface of the outer layer, at least one outer surface of the outer layer, and at least one of the lower surface of the outer layer and the upper surface of the outer layer, Equipped with, The above central part can be nested at least partially within the above at least one intermediate layer, and the above at least one intermediate layer can be nested at least partially within the above outer layer. Each of the above-mentioned at least one central side surface, the inside of the at least one intermediate layer, the outside of the at least one intermediate layer, and the at least one inward-facing side surface of the outer layer is provided with at least two semi-relieves, and each of the at least two semi-relieves is either an inwardly angled semi-relief or an outwardly angled semi-relief. The at least two semi-relieves on the at least one central side surface are interlockable with the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer. The at least two semi-relieves on the outer side of the at least one intermediate layer are interlockable with the at least two semi-relieves on the inward-facing side of the outer layer. The above-mentioned at least one intermediate layer is a plurality of intermediate layers, and with respect to each adjacent pair of intermediate layers, the at least two semi-relieves provided on the inside outside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers are fittable with the at least two semi-relieves provided on the inside outside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers, and with respect to each adjacent pair of intermediate layers, the inside of each adjacent pair of intermediate layers can be at least partially nested inside the outside of each adjacent pair of intermediate layers.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to disclose the structures described in any of the above, a. The central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof, is displaceable relative to the outer layer in a direction parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, thereby transitioning the expandable structure from the reduced configuration to the expanded configuration. b. The above structure is reversibly extensible. c. The central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof, is displaceable along the main longitudinal axis of the structure relative to the outer layer, thereby transitioning the expandable structure from the expanded configuration to the reduced configuration. d. All members of the group consisting of the central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof are fixed to each other. At least one of the following applies.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure according to any of the above, wherein a resultant force deflected in a direction not parallel to the applied force seals and communicates each outer surface with the inner surface of an adjacent layer, whereby the exterior of the expandable structure is sealed off from the interior of the expandable structure.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure according to any of the above, wherein a pair of adjacent layers is selected from the group consisting of at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the central portion, an adjacent pair of the plurality of intermediate layers, and at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the outer layer.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure according to any of the above, wherein any of the pairs of adjacent layers is in a communication state selected from slidable communication and fixed communication.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure according to any of the above, wherein in the closed configuration, at least a portion of all the bottom edges of the structure are in the same plane with each other, the central portion fits snugly inside the at least one intermediate layer, the outer layer fits snugly outside the at least one intermediate layer, and for the plurality of intermediate layers, each of the adjacent intermediate layer pairs fits snugly with each other.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure according to any of the above, wherein any of the at least two half-undulations is joined to adjacent half-undulations in a pattern selected from the group consisting of straight segments, curved segments, or some combination thereof.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure described in any of the above, wherein each of the at least two semi-relieves includes a group of members comprising a spiral having an axis parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, a ring located in a plane perpendicular or parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, or the tops of the at least two semi-relieves at an angle between 30° and 90° with respect to the main longitudinal axis of the structure.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure as described above, wherein the at least two semi-relieves on the central part are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the at least one intermediate layer.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure as described above, wherein with respect to the at least one intermediate layer, the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the outside of the at least one intermediate layer.

[0020] A method for assembling a structure having at least two configurations, namely a reduced configuration and an extended configuration, wherein the method is The step of preparing the above structure, wherein the structure has a main vertical axis, A central part having at least one central side surface and at least one of the central upper surface and the central lower surface, An at least one intermediate layer having an upper intermediate layer surface, a lower intermediate layer surface, the inside of at least one intermediate layer, and the outside of at least one intermediate layer, An outer layer having at least one inward-facing side surface of the outer layer, at least one outer surface of the outer layer, and at least one of the lower surface of the outer layer and the upper surface of the outer layer, Equipped with, Each of the above-mentioned at least one central side surface, the inside of the at least one intermediate layer, the outside of the at least one intermediate layer, and the at least one inward-facing side surface of the outer layer is provided with at least two semi-relieves, and each of the at least two semi-relieves is either an inwardly angled semi-relief or an outwardly angled semi-relief. The at least two semi-relieves on the at least one central side surface are interlockable with the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer. The at least two semi-relieves on the outer side of the at least one intermediate layer are interlockable with the at least two semi-relieves on the inward-facing side of the outer layer. The above-mentioned at least one intermediate layer is a plurality of intermediate layers, and with respect to each adjacent pair of intermediate layers, the at least two semi-relieves provided on the inside outside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers are interlockable with the at least two semi-relieves provided on the outside inside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers, step and The steps include: placing the above structure in a predetermined location; The steps include moving the central part along the main vertical axis in a direction that increases the distance between the central part and the outer layer until the central part is at a predetermined distance from the outer layer, Includes.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to disclose the method described in any of the above, a. The central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof, of the group of members is displaceable relative to the outer layer in a direction parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, and the expandable structure is transitioned from the reduced configuration to the expanded configuration. b. The above structure is reversibly extensible. c. The members of the central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof are displaceable along the main longitudinal axis of the structure relative to the outer layer, and the step of transitioning the expandable structure from the expanded configuration to the reduced configuration, d. All members of the group consisting of the central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof are fixed to each other. It further includes at least one of the following steps.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above can be described, further comprising the step of deflecting the resultant force in a direction not parallel to the applied force to seal each outer surface in communication with the inner surface of an adjacent layer, thereby sealingly separating the exterior of the expandable structure from the interior of the expandable structure.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above describes, further comprising the step of selecting a pair of adjacent layers from the group consisting of the at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the central part, an adjacent pair of the plurality of intermediate layers, and the at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the outer layer.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above is described, further comprising the step of providing any of the pairs of adjacent layers in a communicating state selected from slidable communication and fixed communication.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above describes, further comprising the step of providing, in the closed configuration, at least a portion of all the bottom edges of the structure to be coplanar with one another, the center to fit snugly to the innermost part of the at least one intermediate layer, the outer layer to fit snugly to the outermost part of the at least one intermediate layer, and with respect to the plurality of intermediate layers, each of the adjacent intermediate layer pairs to fit snugly with one another.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above is described, further comprising the step of joining any of the at least two semi-relieves to an adjacent semi-relief in a manner selected from the group consisting of straight segments, curved segments, or any combination thereof.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above describes, further comprising the step of providing each of the at least two semi-relieves, each comprising a member of a group consisting of a helix having an axis parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, a ring located in a plane perpendicular or parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, or the tops of the at least two semi-relieves at an angle between 30° and 90° with respect to the main longitudinal axis of the structure.

[0028] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above describes, further comprising the step of providing the at least two semi-relieves on the central part that are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the at least one intermediate layer.

[0029] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above describes, further comprising the step of providing, with respect to the at least one intermediate layer, the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer that are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the outside of the at least one intermediate layer.

[0030] Another object of the present invention relates to a structure comprising a plurality of nested interconnected rings and an inner central part that communicates with the innermost ring among the plurality of nested interconnected rings, The above structure includes at least one folding configuration and at least one extension configuration, The above structure is transferable between the at least one folding configuration and the at least one extension configuration, or between the at least one extension configuration and the at least one folding configuration, by applying a transfer force sufficient to overcome the structural resistance between members of a group consisting of at least one adjacent pair of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between the inner center and the innermost ring of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between any combination thereof, wherein the transfer force is applied between the outermost ring of the plurality of nested interconnected rings and the inner center. Furthermore, in the above-described extended configuration, a load applied to a component selected from the group consisting of the inner central part, one of the multiple nested interconnected rings, or any combination thereof, causes the transfer of load and resultant forces to all components of the structure, causing an angular change between adjacent pairs of components and stabilizing the structure.

[0031] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure described in any of the above, wherein a tight fit exists between at least one pair of adjacent parts, the adjacent parts being selected from the group consisting of the inner center and the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or two of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, and the tight fit creates a seal between at least one pair of adjacent parts.

[0032] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure described in any of the above, wherein the transition force is mitigable for transitions between the at least one folding configuration and the at least one extension configuration, or between the at least one extension configuration and the at least one folding configuration, the transition force is mitigable for transitions between the at least one extension configuration and the at least one folding configuration, the transition force is mitigable by removing the inner center from the innermost part of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings, and the transition force is mitigable by inserting the inner center from the innermost part of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings.

[0033] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a structure described in any of the above, wherein the outermost characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnected rings is different from at least one other characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, the characteristic being selected from the group consisting of material, cross-sectional thickness, height, relief length, relief shape, or any combination thereof.

[0034] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method for assembling a structure having at least two configurations, namely a reduced configuration and an extended configuration, the method being described The step of preparing the above structure, wherein the above structure is Multiple nested, interconnected rings, The innermost central part of the multiple nested, interconnected rings described above, Equipped with, The above structure includes at least one folding configuration and at least one extension configuration, step and The steps include: placing the above structure in a predetermined location; The steps include moving the central part along the main vertical axis of the structure in a direction that increases the distance between the central part and the outer layer until the central part is at a predetermined distance from the outer layer, Includes, The above structure is transferable between the at least one folded configuration and the at least one extended configuration, or between the at least one extended configuration and the at least one folded configuration, by the application of a transfer force sufficient to overcome the structural resistance between the members of a group consisting of at least one adjacent pair of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between the inner center and the innermost layer of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between any combination thereof, wherein the transfer force is applied between the outermost layer and the inner center of the plurality of nested interconnected rings. Furthermore, in the above-described extended configuration, a load applied to a component selected from the group consisting of the inner central part, one of the multiple nested interconnected rings, or any combination thereof, causes the transfer of load and resultant forces to all components of the structure, causing an angular change between adjacent pairs of components and stabilizing the structure.

[0035] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above can be described, further comprising the step of providing a tight fit between at least one pair of adjacent parts, wherein the adjacent parts are selected from the group consisting of the inner center and the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or two of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, and the tight fit creates a seal between at least one pair of the adjacent parts.

[0036] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method by which any of the above describes, further comprising the steps of reducing the transition force for a transition between the at least one folding configuration and the at least one extension configuration, or for a transition between the at least one extension configuration and the at least one folding configuration, or increasing the transition force to prevent a transition from the at least one extension configuration to the at least one folding configuration, wherein the reduction of the transition force is accomplished by at least partially removing the inner center from the innermost part of the plurality of nested interlocking rings, or the increase of the transition force is accomplished by at least partially inserting the inner center into the innermost part of the plurality of nested interlocking rings.

[0037] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method of any of the above, further comprising the steps of: selecting the outermost characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings to be different from at least one other characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings; and selecting the characteristic from the group consisting of material, cross-sectional thickness, height, relief length, relief shape, or any combination thereof.

[0038] To better understand the present invention and its practical implementations, several embodiments will be described as non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0039] [Figure 1A] This shows a typical structure of the conventional technology. [Figure 1B] This shows a typical structure of the conventional technology. [Figure 2A] This shows a conventional foldable structure. [Figure 2B] This shows a conventional foldable structure. [Figure 3A] One embodiment of the expandable structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 3B] One embodiment of the expandable structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 3C] One embodiment of the expandable structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 3D] One embodiment of the expandable structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 4] A schematic representation of one embodiment of the expandable structure of the present invention in a fully extended configuration is shown. [Figure 5] The angles between the undulations on the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 6A] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 6B] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 6C] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 6D] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 7A] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 7B] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 7C] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 8A] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 8B] The contours of the side surface of the component of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 9] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 10A] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 10B] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 10C] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 10D] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 11] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 12] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 13A] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 13B] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 13C] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 13D] An embodiment of the structure of the present invention is schematically shown. [Figure 14A] The forces according to one embodiment of an automobile equipped with the structure of the present invention are schematically shown. [Figure 14B] The displacement of an automobile equipped with the structure of the present invention when a load is applied is schematically shown. [Figure 15A] The pressure exerted on the intermediate layer of an automobile equipped with the structure of the present invention when a load is applied is schematically shown. [Figure 15B] The pressure exerted on the intermediate layer of an automobile equipped with the structure of the present invention when a load is applied is schematically shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0040] The following description is presented together with the entirety of the present invention to enable those skilled in the art to utilize the invention and to describe the best embodiment envisioned by the inventors as a part of this embodiment. However, since the general principle of the present invention is specifically defined to provide means and methods for creating a sealed space using an expandable and retractable structure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible. In a closed configuration, all extensions (intermediate and central sections) are housed in the base (outer section) of the expandable structure, and the extensions can be pulled out from the base and locked in the extended position.

[0041] Figures 1A and 1B show typical embodiments of residential framing. Figure 1A shows a wooden frame for residential use, and Figure 1B shows a steel frame for residential use. Buildings or other shelters can also be constructed with brick, stone, or cement walls to support the upper floors and roof, and bricks can be fired in a kiln or sun-dried. The roof is usually wooden or steel and fitted with tiles or tar to protect from rain. Generally, the construction of a one or two-story house requires skilled craftsmen and takes about a month. After the exterior walls are completed, the interior walls need to be installed, and electrical wiring, outlets, heating, lighting, fixtures such as toilets or washbasins, fixtures such as cupboards, and fixtures such as stoves or refrigerators need to be set up. After that, the owner will add furniture.

[0042] Setting up a standard four-person tent takes 2-3 hours, after which heating, lighting, and cooking equipment can be unpacked and placed inside the tent along with bedding, beds, and other furniture (if needed). Typically, when in use, toilets and any cleaning facilities (if needed) are located in a separate structure that also needs to be set up. Water can be supplied from a well or stream, from an external water tower or dedicated facility tap, or from a water supply pipe. Tents can be blown away by the wind or leak, especially if something touches the walls. Wind can also penetrate the walls or enter through gaps in the walls.

[0043] Figures 2A-B show a collapsible structure used as a toilet, shower, and changing room sized to accommodate one person. Larger versions of such structures could function as collapsible tents for emergency use. However, the frictional joints between the nesting sections can easily collapse, and U.S. Patent No. 4,974,265 states that "a light tap or blow" is sufficient to cause the structure to collapse, and that prolonged use may lead to leaks from the joints between sections. ru.

[0044] The trailer or caravan can be moved to the site and connected to utilities such as water and electricity. If available, the trailer can be connected to a waste disposal facility or a toilet with a sewage tank can be used.

[0045] In emergencies, if homes suffer extensive damage, temporary housing is urgently needed, ideally within hours or days. Traditionally built houses take too long. Tents can be quickly transported and set up in large trucks, with dozens or hundreds of them, and simple furniture, heating, and cooking and storage equipment can be brought in on the same or a separate truck and set up inside the tents. However, setting up a family-sized tent requires several people, and furniture needs to be brought into each tent and installed, requiring many people for installation and setup. In addition, if the furniture is not folded and stored, it requires a huge amount of space for storage. If it is folded and stored, manpower is needed for assembly. Furthermore, there can be problems in ensuring that all necessary supplies arrive in the right place. Also, as mentioned above, tents are not suitable for long-term stays of several months or years.

[0046] While trailers or caravans offer comfort that tents lack, they require vast amounts of space to store the enormous number of caravans needed (hundreds of thousands of emergency homes were needed after the recent earthquake in Turkey), the maintenance costs of caravans in storage are high, and unsold caravans are disposed of almost free of charge in many countries to reduce storage and maintenance costs. Furthermore, since only a few caravans can be transported by a single truck, transporting or quickly transporting the large number of caravans needed in an emergency is difficult.

[0047] The present invention can provide a temporary structure that can remain airtight and watertight for use for several months, possibly several years, among other uses. Preferably, the exterior walls include doors and windows. Typically, the temporary structure includes built-in wiring, electrical connections, and interior walls. Preferably, it includes built-in furniture such as sofas and beds, and other furniture such as tables and chairs, and the interior walls and furniture are expandable and foldable together with the exterior walls. Preferably, it further includes at least one of toilet and washing facilities, heating, cooking and food cooling facilities, and storage facilities, so that in some embodiments, a fully furnished dwelling can be supplied as a flat pack, and when the roof is pulled up, the exterior walls, interior walls, and all interior facilities unfold.

[0048] The features of this invention are as follows: 1. Compact structure that can be folded into an extendable shape. This structure allows for an efficient structure in which the entire structure uniformly resists external forces. 3. The structure is robust and extremely lightweight. 4. Static labyrinth seals provide good sealing between components by ensuring a combination of pressure between components, surface quality, and the number of ridges that prevent leakage between joints. 5. In designs featuring a spiral ridge that includes at least one single spirally twisted intermediate layer, the structure can be opened and closed with little force (typically the weight of the product). 6. In a ring-shaped design, the forces required to open and close the structure can be planned, which become part of the safety factor and, depending on the design, constitute the maximum load that the structure must support.

[0049] In designs with one or more helical intermediate layers, in an open configuration, the helical intermediate layer(s) extend over most of the structural height (preferably the total height, but not required), and stresses are distributed along the entire length of each intermediate layer, resulting in low stresses in any part of the helical intermediate layer(s). In contrast, in designs with annular intermediate layers of hoops or rings, if the rings are of different sizes, smaller rings have a smaller surface area and a smaller volume for stress distribution, which becomes a design weakness.

[0050] The expandable structure of the present invention comprises three components: a core, an outer layer, and, in most embodiments, at least one intermediate layer. In some embodiments, at least one outer intermediate layer is fixed to the outer layer. In some embodiments, at least one inner intermediate layer is fixed to the core. Such embodiments allow for expansion of the structure, as they may have other slidable intermediate layers, or as the innermost layer of a fixed outer intermediate layer may slide relative to the outermost layer of an inner intermediate layer. Alternatively, all components can be fixed to each other to prevent the structure from expanding. A fully fixed structure can, in a non-limiting example, be used as a strong and lightweight flooring material.

[0051] The function of the fixed intermediate layer (120) is to allow size control of the central (130) or outer layer (110) while maintaining the ends of the extended structure to the desired size. Non-limiting examples of structures where nearly vertical sides are desired include houses (nearly vertical walls provide a more satisfying living space) or beverage cups, in which case a cup with a base close to the size of the upper opening is more stable than a cup with a base smaller than the upper opening. Non-limiting examples also show that a smaller central (130) can provide a more stable structure than a larger central (130).

[0052] Figures 3A-D schematically show embodiments of the expandable structure (1000) of the present invention, where Figure 3A is a perspective view of the expandable structure (1000), and Figures 3B-D show cross-sections parallel to the main vertical axis of the embodiment in Figure 3A. Figure 3B shows the expandable structure (1000) in a closed configuration, Figure 3C shows the expandable structure (1000) in a partially open configuration, and Figure 3D shows the expandable structure (1000) in a fully open configuration.

[0053] In Figures 3A-D and 4, small undulations may or may not be present. For the sake of brevity and clarity, these are not shown.

[0054] The outer layer (110), the three intermediate layers (120), and the central layer (130) are shown separately for clarity. In reality, they fit together tightly, and the outer layer, intermediate layers, and central layer are always connected in a sealed state.

[0055] In the entire configuration of all structures, each part of the expandable structure (1000) is nested within each other, at least partially; that is, the central part (130) is nested within the intermediate layer(s)(120), the intermediate layers(120) are nested within each other, and the outermost intermediate layer(120) is nested within the base part(110).

[0056] Typically, as shown in Figure 3A, in a closed configuration, the upper ends of the outer layer (110), the intermediate layer (120), and the central section (130) are coplanar, as is the lower end (not shown). This makes the expandable structure (1000) effectively "flat-packed" in a closed configuration, allowing for very space-efficient storage and transport of the expandable structure (1000). Typically, the central section will be equipped with a connector (not shown) that can be connected to a means for pulling the central section (130) upward to expand the expandable structure (1000). Any suitable conventional connector can be used, and the type of connector is irrelevant to this patent.

[0057] In the embodiment shown in Figures 3B-3D, the outer intermediate layer (120C) is fixed to the outer layer, the inner intermediate layer (120A) is fixed to the center (130), and the central intermediate layer (120B) is slidable relative to the outer intermediate layer (120C) and the inner intermediate layer (120A).

[0058] The central part has undulations on the outside, and the outer layer has undulations on the inside. The intermediate layer has undulations on both sides, and since all the undulations coincide, there is a tight, sealable mating between the parts.

[0059] In Figure 3B, a force (200, gray arrow) is applied upward. This causes the flexible central intermediate layer (120B) to spring upward, as shown in Figure 3C, in which case the innermost intermediate layer (120A) springs upward by one ridge. The top white arrow (300) schematically shows the direction of the force acting on the innermost intermediate layer (120A), and therefore, in the central intermediate layer (120B), the force is not parallel to the main longitudinal axis but is angled by the ridge. Note that the upward tensile process helps to pull the intermediate layer (120A) closer to the center (130) and maintain the seal between the components of the expansion structure (1000).

[0060] The lower white arrow (310) schematically indicates the direction of the force acting on the innermost intermediate layer (120A), and therefore the forces acting on the central intermediate layer (120B) and the outer intermediate layer (120C). This force is not parallel to the main vertical axis, but is angled by the undulations. However, the inner, central, and outer intermediate layers (120A, B, C) are subjected to a reaction force (320) from the outer layer (110). The intermediate layers (120) are in equilibrium in a static state, and approach equilibrium when opening and closing or when subjected to other dynamic forces. This will be explained in more detail below.

[0061] Figure 3D schematically shows the fully extended configuration of the expandable structure (1000). Note that in other variations of this embodiment, in the fully extended configuration, one ridge of the central intermediate layer (120A) is in contact with the central part (130), and one ridge of the central intermediate layer (120A) is in contact with the outer layer (110).

[0062] In Figure 3D, the tensile force is stopped, and the load (400) acting on the expandable structure (1000) is the sum of the weight of the central part (130) and the weight of any additional object placed on the expandable structure (1000).

[0063] Here, the force is downward, so the load (400) pushes the intermediate layer outward and downward (300, arrow), increasing the pressure acting on the intermediate layer (120A, B), which helps maintain the seal between the parts of the expansion structure (1000).

[0064] The lower white arrow (310) schematically indicates the direction of the force acting on the innermost intermediate layer (120A) due to the load, and therefore the forces acting on the central and outer intermediate layers (120B, C). This force is not parallel to the main longitudinal axis, but is angled outward due to the undulations. However, a reaction force (320) acts from the outer layer (110) to the inner layer, central layer, and the intermediate layers (120A, B, C) of the outer layer, causing the intermediate layer (120) to reach a state of equilibrium, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0065] Figure 4 shows another embodiment of an expandable structure (1000) having three intermediate layers (120A, B, C), where the innermost intermediate layer (120A) and the outermost intermediate layer (120C) are fixed, and the central intermediate layer (120B) is slidable. In this embodiment, when no stress is applied, the central intermediate layer (120B) is flat, and as shown in Figure 4, under pressure from a load (400) acting on the central part (130), the central intermediate layer (120B) is curved, and this curvature causes the central intermediate layer (120B) to be in sealing contact with the outer layer (110) and the central part (130).

[0066] In practice, the number of intermediate layers (120) can range from none to a very large number (e.g., more than a thousand). The number of intermediate layers (120) depends, in non-limiting examples, on the load that needs to be supported, the length of the expansion structure (1000) when fully extended, the materials used, and the maximum length required to maintain sealing contact between the intermediate layers (120), the core (130), and the outer layers (110).

[0067] The load (400) pushes the intermediate layer outward and downward (300, arrow), increasing the pressure acting on the intermediate layer (120A, B), which helps maintain the seal between the components of the expansion joint (1000).

[0068] The white arrow at the bottom (310) schematically indicates the direction of the force acting on the innermost intermediate layer (120A) due to the load, and therefore the forces acting on the central and outer intermediate layers (120B, C). This force is not parallel to the main longitudinal axis, but is angled outward due to the undulations. However, a reaction force (320) acts from the outer layer (110) to the intermediate layers (120A, B, C), causing the intermediate layer (120) to reach a state of equilibrium, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0069] As described above, the force acting on the intermediate layer (120) forms a predetermined angle with respect to the main longitudinal axis due to the undulation, thus generating stress in the central part (130), the intermediate layer (120), and the outer layer (110). The force acting on the outer layer (110) pulls it outward, generating inward stress. This inward stress acts as a reaction force on the intermediate layer (120), so the intermediate layer (120) approaches a state of equilibrium. Preferably, the stress acting on the intermediate surface of the intermediate layer (120) will be close to zero. If the expansion or contraction of the expansion / contraction structure (1000) is not excessively fast, the intermediate layer (120) will maintain a state of near equilibrium during expansion or contraction, thereby improving the strength and stability of the expansion / contraction structure (1000) during expansion or contraction. When the expansion / contraction structure (1000) is fully expanded and in use, the intermediate layer (120) is in a state of equilibrium.

[0070] Figures 5, 6A-D, 7A-C, and 8A-B schematically show exemplary shapes of parts (110, 120, 130). The ridges on the sides of the parts may be large or small. Figures 6D and 8B schematically show parts with both large and small ridges, Figures 6A-C and 8A show parts with only large ridges (122), and Figure 7A-C schematically shows parts with only small ridges (124).

[0071] Figure 5 schematically shows the angle θ between ridges. This angle is in the range of 0 < θ < 180°. Angles θ between large ridges L The angle θ between small undulations is the angle between small undulations. S This may differ. θ L and θ S Either one or both of these may differ between different sides of the intermediate layer, but between any two contacting surfaces, θ is such that the contact surfaces coincide with each other. L and θ S These must be identical, and as a result, an appropriate coefficient of friction is ensured between the contact surfaces. The coefficient of friction between the surfaces depends on the material of each contact part and the roughness of each contact surface, the number and length of large ridges, and the angle θ. L , and the number, length, and angle θ of the small undulations. S It should be noted that this depends on the "adjustment" of all these factors to provide acceptable operation for an expandable device.

[0072] In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one component has a surface finish. The surface finish may be food-grade material, a corrosion-resistant finish, or other conventional finishes. In some embodiments, the surface finish, the size of the ridges, the shape of the ridges, and any combination thereof may minimize or prevent bacterial growth on the component.

[0073] All parts have at least one set of ridges on at least a portion of at least one side, and parts can have both large and small ridges. Typically, if only one set of ridges is present, it can be a small ridge, and in Figures 6A-C, only the large ridge (122) is shown, while in Figure 6D, one side has both large and small ridges. Figure 6A schematically shows an intermediate layer (120) where the ridges intersect at a point. Figure 6B schematically shows an intermediate layer (120) where the ridges intersect at an arc-shaped end.

[0074] Figure 6C schematically shows two interlocking layers (120), each of which alternates between arc-shaped ends (126) and flat ends (128), so that there is a small gap between each arc-shaped end (126) and each flat end (128), which in non-limiting examples allows the screw-shaped relief to rotate easily, or allows one interlocking layer (120) to transition smoothly to the different reliefs (122, 124) of adjacent interlocking layers (120).

[0075] Figure 6D schematically shows an intermediate layer (120) having large and small ridges on one side and only small ridges on the other side. Typically, the side with large ridges will be fixed to another part, typically a core (130) or an outer layer (110). The fixed connection between two adjacent layers can be formed by the large and small ridges, material, surface roughness, and other properties of the adjacent mating surfaces, such that the force causing relative movement between them is much greater than the force required to cause relative movement between the sliding surfaces, or the layers can be permanently joined at least at one point, the joining of which can be done by melting them together, bonding, or other means for permanently joining the two parts. Typically, the side with only small ridges can be movable relative to another layer (typically another intermediate layer (120)).

[0076] Figures 7A - C schematically show the shape of the end portion of the intermediate layer. Figure 7A schematically shows the end portion of the intermediate layer (120), which is substantially parallel to the upper or lower surface of the central portion (130) or the outer layer (110). Figure 7B schematically shows the end portion perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis of the intermediate layer (120), and Figure 7C schematically shows the intermediate layer (120) with an arcuate end portion.

[0077] The arcuate end portion and arcuate undulations can be circular, elliptical, hyperbolic, or polygonal. The polygonal radius can have segments between 1 and 100, and a polygonal radius having one segment can be a flat end portion.

[0078] Figure 8A schematically shows a large undulation (122) on the outer layer (110), Figure 8B schematically shows a large undulation (122) and a small undulation (124) on the central portion (130), and the dashed line indicates the center line of the central portion (130).

[0079] The stress acting on each component of the telescopic structure (1000) can theoretically be calculated using Johnson's parabolic formula or Euler's critical buckling load formula according to the slenderness ratio of the component. However, typically, it is more practical to calculate the stress using stress analysis.

[0080] Johnson's parabolic formula relates the critical buckling stress σ cr in the thickness direction of the beam to the working stress σ y In this case, it is the stress in the direction perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis of the structure in the intermediate layer (120), the elastic modulus E, and the slenderness ratio l / k, where l is the length of the intermediate layer (120) in the direction parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, and k is the radius of gyration of the intermediate layer (120). The critical buckling stress σ cr is JPEG2026511170000002.jpg9170.

[0081] Euler's critical buckling load formula relates the critical buckling stress σ cr to the critical force P cr and the critical buckling stress is The file is JPEG2026511170000003.jpg15170, and here, P cr =critical force A=cross-sectional area Le = effective rod length, for the parts of the present invention, the thickness of the parts is usually... E = Elastic modulus (Young's modulus) I = Moment of inertia of the rod cross-section l / k=slenderness ratio l = moment of inertia of the cylindrical cross-section k = radius of rotation of the cylindrical cross-section That is the case.

[0082] Change in diameter of cylindrical cross-section δ l teeth, The calculation can be done using JPEG2026511170000004.jpg9170. Circumferential stress σ h teeth, The calculation can be performed using JPEG2026511170000005.jpg9170, and here, E = Elastic modulus (Young's modulus) μ = Poisson's ratio p = internal pressure d = diameter of the cylindrical shell t = shell thickness L = shell length That is the case.

[0083] The advantage of the expandable structure (1000) of the present invention is that it provides a compact and lightweight system. The materials used for the core (130), intermediate layer (120), and outer layer (110), which are components of the expandable structure (1000), can be anything from superelastic materials to rigid materials, depending on the application in which the expandable structure (1000) will be placed. Non-limiting examples of possible materials include metals, polymers, composite materials, aggregates, shape memory materials, wood, diamond, shell, or any combination thereof. The materials are selected based on, for example, the size of the intended structure, the environmental conditions to which it will be exposed during storage, transport, and use, and the forces that it must safely withstand during storage, transport, and use. The core (130), intermediate layer (120), and outer layer (110) can be made of the same material or different materials.

[0084] The ridges (122, 124) on the sides of the part can be used to control friction between adjacent sides, with a minimum wavelength of approximately 3 nm. More typically, the wavelengths of the ridges (122, 124) are selected from the ranges of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, 0.1 mm to 10 mm, 3 nm to 1 μm, or any combination thereof. The wavelengths of the larger ridges (122) are in the ranges of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, 0.1 mm to 10 mm, 10 mm to 100 mm, 10 mm to 1 m, greater than 1 m, or any combination thereof. The size of the larger ridges depends on the size of the part to which they belong, i.e., the thickness of the core (130) or outer layer (110), or the width of the intermediate layer (120).

[0085] Typically, the undulations consist of two semi-undulations: an inward semi-undulation and an outward semi-undulation. The inward and outward semi-undulations may be mirror images of each other or may be different. The shape of the inward semi-undulation may be the same as or different from the shape of the adjacent outward semi-undulation. The semi-undulations may consist of straight sections, curved sections, or any combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of undulation outlines include sinusoidal, zigzag, sawtooth, curved, or any combination thereof.

[0086] Nanoscale undulations are used in micrometer-sized devices, such as sensors in MEMS devices, as an unspecified example. Millimeter-sized undulations are used in larger devices, such as automobiles, furniture, houses, home appliances, space station units, and living facilities in harsh environments.

[0087] The cross-sectional shape of the expandable structure (1000) is not limited, but can be a curved shape such as a circle or ellipse, up to a maximum of 10 6 The shape can be a polygon with sides, a shape defined by a spline curve, or any combination thereof. When the expandable structure (1000) is used as emergency housing, it can typically be rectangular, which is the shape that is most easily transportable by current means of transport.

[0088] The central part (130) can be designed to have a changeable diameter, thereby reducing resistance to expansion or contraction of the expandable structure (1000).

[0089] The central part (130) can be designed to have sides parallel to the main vertical axis of the structure, or its sides can be inclined inward, giving the central part (130) a truncated cone shape with a wider base (inside the central part) and a narrower top (outside the central part). The central part can be extended outward in a direction parallel to the main vertical axis of the structure, or it can be rotated so that the central part and intermediate layers twist outward from the outer layers. When the central part is rotated, the relief forms a spiral shape, rather than the annular relief used when the central part is extended upward.

[0090] Preferably, the central portion (130) has a relatively small diameter to enhance the stability of the structure by reducing the amount of central deflection and / or the tendency of the central portion to buckle, thereby enabling a larger or stronger expansion structure (1000). As a non-limiting example, when a thin disc with its edges fixed is subjected to a lateral load, the deflection of the disc is approximately proportional to the square of the radius of the disc.

[0091] By having a central section (130) with a variable cross-sectional size perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis (for example, the lobe-shaped central section in Figure 10A (below)), or by having a central section formed like a frustocone and screwed inward before being pulled out to expand the structure, or by removing the central section altogether, the force required to expand the expandable structure (1000) can be greatly reduced or almost eliminated, thereby separating the load that the structure must withstand during use from the force required to expand (or contract) it.

[0092] An expandable structure (1000) of a desired height can be designed using intermediate layers (120) of different lengths. Expandable structures (1000) with shorter intermediate layers (120) have more intermediate layers, and expandable structures (1000) with longer intermediate layers (120) have fewer intermediate layers. Thus, a closed (reduced) expandable structure (1000) can be made thicker or thinner as desired. On the other hand, the footprint of the expandable structure (1000) depends on the cross-sectional area of ​​the central layer (120), the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer layer (110), and the thickness and number of intermediate layers (120), and hardly changes even if the length of the intermediate layers (120) changes. Therefore, a closed, transportable expandable structure (1000) can constitute a compact package.

[0093] The usable volume of the expansion structure (1000) is approximately equal to the volume within the wall, and therefore, although the wall is angled inward, it forms a relatively small angle in the direction parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, and is therefore approximately equal to the area inside the hollow of the outer layer (110).

[0094] The required thickness and length of the intermediate layer (120) can, in principle, be calculated from equations 4 and 5. When annular relief is used, its thickness and length are σ h It can be determined from this, and if the relief forms a spiral, its thickness and length are lσ hThis can be determined from, where l is the length of the helix. Typically, however, instead of using equations 4 and 5, a stress analysis is performed on the embodiment of the proposed structure, and the materials and dimensions of the parts are adjusted until the proposed structure can safely and efficiently provide the desired function.

[0095] The inner and outer diameters and thickness of the outer layer (110) can be determined from the intended function of the structure, the material used for the outer layer (110), and the stresses acting on the outer layer (110). Typically, the diameter and thickness are determined by a stress analysis applied to the entire intended structure.

[0096] The design of this invention enables the construction of lightweight structures that can support very heavy loads through three nested components with different functions (a core, multiple intermediate layers, and an outer layer). For example, a structure made of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic can support a load of approximately 700 kg per square centimeter with a 1 mm thick layer. As mentioned above, this capability is a result of force distribution, and there is virtually no stress on the centerline of the intermediate layers. Having a small diameter core and multiple intermediate layers fixed to that core means that the core and its associated fixed intermediate layers can have a small height (thickness) while reducing the weight of the structure and still possessing the necessary strength and stability.

[0097] The number of fixed intermediate layers can also be changed to provide the desired rugged sidewall structure. Two structures can be compared, both having outer layers of the same inner diameter and no associated fixed intermediate layers, both having centers of the same outer diameter, the center of the first structure having few (or no) associated fixed intermediate layers, and the center of the second structure having many associated fixed intermediate layers. In this case, the first structure will look like a frustocone when viewed from the outside, while the second structure will look almost cylindrical when viewed from the outside.

[0098] The outer ring exerts inward annular pressure on the intermediate layer due to hoop stress acting from the outermost intermediate layer. The intermediate layer gains strength from the stability of the structure.

[0099] Figure 9 shows one embodiment of the structure in an expandable configuration. The expandable structure (1000) comprises a base member (110) that supports the structure on a surface (not shown). The intermediate layers (120A, B, C) consist of multiple layers continuously joined together as described above. At the top is a central section (130), to which three intermediate layers (120A) are fixed in this embodiment. Each of the fixed intermediate layers (120A) has inner and outer undulations on its sides. The inner surface of an outer fixed intermediate layer (120A) is contoured conformally with the outer surface of an adjacent fixed intermediate layer (120A). The contours of the sides of the fixed intermediate layers (120A) have both large and small undulations. It should be emphasized that the ridged sides have an enlarged contact area, and the hoop stress caused by the load supported by the structure (1000) is reduced as it is distributed over the enlarged contact area.

[0100] Similarly, there is a fixed intermediate layer (120C) with large and small undulations that is attached to the base portion (110).

[0101] The sliding intermediate layer (120B) has only small undulations and a substantially rectangular cross-section.

[0102] Figures 10A-D show embodiments of the present invention comprising a helically expandable intermediate layer (120). The intermediate layer (120) is substantially a tape-like member and can be configured in a contracted and expanded position. In the contracted position (not shown), at least one tape-like intermediate layer (120) is helically nested within the outer layer (110). The sides of the tape-like intermediate layer(s)(120) are contoured with small undulations so that when the tape-like intermediate layer(s)(120) is in the expanded configuration, the continuous windings of the tape-like intermediate layer(s)(120) remain engaged with one another.

[0103] To expand the structure, the central part (130) is either pulled up or rotated. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 10B, when the central part (110) is fixed to the tape-like intermediate layer (120) and the tape-like intermediate layer (120) is fixed to the outer layer (110), rotating the central part (110) counterclockwise expands the structure, and rotating it clockwise shrinks the structure. In the exemplary embodiments shown in Figures 10C-D, when the central part (110) is fixed to the tape-like intermediate layer (120) and the tape-like intermediate layer (120) is fixed to the outer layer (110), rotating the central part (110) clockwise expands the structure, and rotating it counterclockwise shrinks the structure. In Figure 10C, the central part is not shown for clarity, and in Figure 10D, both the central part and the outer layer are not shown for clarity.

[0104] Figure 10A shows an embodiment in which the cross section perpendicular to the main vertical axis of the central part (130) is lobe-shaped (150), and in the illustrated embodiment, the cross section perpendicular to the main vertical axis has nine lobes (150). Each lobe (150) extends parallel to the vertical axis of the embodiment. The lobes (150) function as large undulations, which can reduce the tendency of the device to close when a large load is applied. The lobes (150) also have the function of reducing the force required to expand the device. When the vertices of the lobes (150) of the central part (130) are adjacent to the vertices of the lobes (150) of the innermost intermediate layer, the force that the central part (130) exerts on the intermediate layer (120) is relatively small, relative motion between the intermediate layer (120) and the central part (130) is relatively easy, and expansion of the structure by pulling out the central part (130) requires relatively little force. However, if the top of the central lobe (150) is adjacent to the valley of the innermost intermediate layer lobe (150), the force exerted by the central part (130) on the intermediate layer (120) is large, making relative motion between the intermediate layer (120) and the central part (130) extremely difficult, and the structure becomes locked in its current configuration.

[0105] Figures 10B-D show an embodiment in which the cross-section of the central part (130) with respect to the main longitudinal axis is substantially circular. In the embodiment shown in Figure 10B, there is one tape-like intermediate layer (120), while in Figures 10C-D, there are two tape-like intermediate layers (120', 120''). In the helical embodiment, the ends of the tape-like intermediate layer(s) are typically attached to the center or an intermediate layer fixed to the center, so having two or more tape-like intermediate layers improves the reliability of the system. If only one tape-like intermediate layer is present, when the configuration changes from contraction to expansion or expansion to contraction, the center (130) tends to oscillate when moving upward or downward because it is held at only one point by the tape-like intermediate layer. Such oscillation can cause separation between windings of the tape-like intermediate layer and interfere with the configuration change of the structure. If there are two tape-like intermediate layers fixed to the center or an intermediate layer opposite the center, the forces at the connection point become similar, and oscillation is greatly reduced, improving the reliability of the structure. Three or more tape-like intermediate layers can be used, and the number of tape-like intermediate layers is limited only by the outer circumference of the center or fixed intermediate layer to which they are attached, and the width of the tape-like intermediate layers.

[0106] This system design enables the design and manufacture of liquid-tight and airtight structures.

[0107] In the sealing method of the present invention, the components are designed so that their own weight, the weight of their upper parts, and the pressure acting upon them exert relatively large forces on the central, intermediate, and outer layers, thereby pressing the undulations on their sides together and creating a seal that prevents liquids and gases from passing between adjacent components. This seal quality can be calculated at the design stage using a known formula for a "static labyrinth seal."

[0108] Here are some non-specific examples where a liquid and gas-impermeable seal is required in part of the system.

[0109] 1. Housing A house must have walls and a roof that are at least windproof and waterproof. Doors and windows of a house, when closed, must be at least substantially windproof and waterproof. Inside a house, items such as sinks, toilets, bathtubs, and showers, but not limited to these, must not leak, as must items such as water pipes or gas pipes, but not limited to these. Air leaks from ovens, refrigerators, and other heating and cooling devices can cause unpleasant and dangerous temperature fluctuations.

[0110] 2. Portable toilet The toilet itself must not leak, and the flushing equipment, if provided, must also not leak. In addition, the liquid storage tanks for waste or fresh water (if flush toilets or flushing equipment are installed) must not leak.

[0111] 3. Foldable cup 4. Space Station In addition to preventing the leakage of items within the space station, such as toilets, heating and cooling systems, and plumbing, it is also necessary to prevent the leakage of the atmosphere through the walls of the space station. [Examples]

[0112] Figure 11 shows the portable toilet cubicle in an expanded configuration. Approximately 600 of these cubicles fit into a standard 12m container (approximately 66m). 3 It can be stored in a container. In practice, depending on the weight of the portable toilet compartment and the relevant weight limits of the transport vehicle, a smaller container can be used or fewer toilet compartments can be stored in each container. [Examples]

[0113] Figure 12 shows a furnished house (600) equipped with all the infrastructure and facilities necessary for normal living. Approximately 75 houses of 50 square meters each can be transported by a single truck. These houses are for emergency use and are dispersed across farmland. Assembly requires only two people and typically takes less than 10 minutes. Electricity and water services are normally provided when in use. A common generator can be prepared, wired to each house, and plugged into an external outlet. Water can be supplied by conventional methods such as water tankers, wells, or streams, with water pipes running to each house and plugged into external connectors. Waste disposal uses an internal storage tank that needs to be emptied periodically, or a septic tank or public sewer system if available.

[0114] In Figure 12, the exterior walls (610), interior walls (620), and furniture (630), as well as windows (not shown) and doors (not shown), are all constructed according to the present invention. The base (640) provides the necessary reaction force while also providing the floor surface of the house. Electrical wiring and water and waste piping can be incorporated into the walls. When in use, a conventional generator can be prepared on-site, wiring can be run to each house, and it can be plugged into an external outlet. Water is supplied in the conventional way, and water pipes are connected to each house. Waste can be stored in an internal storage facility, such as those commonly used in camping trailers or portable toilets, or the house can be connected to conventional drainage pipes or septic tanks.

[0115] In some embodiments, at least one of the following can be incorporated into or supplied with the dwelling: bedding, clothing, food, cleaning supplies, cooking utensils, tableware, pots and pans, knives, refrigerators, cooking equipment, televisions, or cleaning equipment such as washing machines or dryers. [Examples]

[0116] Figures 13A-C schematically illustrate how a space station can be assembled and sent into space. Figure 13A schematically shows a single unit (820F) of a reduced-scale space station. The unit (820) may consist of living quarters (an extended ground-based embodiment is shown in Figure 12 above), a laboratory, a meeting room, a dining room, an entrance area, a storage area, or other enclosed areas required by the space station. Preferably, the facilities are included in a reduced form inside the unit (820). In a non-limiting example, a laboratory unit may include heating and cooling equipment, a workbench, seating, lighting, mounting points for equipment, a fume hood, storage space for materials, or other items or equipment necessary to equip the laboratory of interest.

[0117] Figure 13B schematically shows a cylindrically rolled-up reduced unit (820R) prepared for transport into space, with both ends of the unit (820R) reversibly sealed or otherwise joined to each other. Conventional reversible sealing or joining means can be used as long as they do not damage the unit and can withstand the forces applied to the unit (820) when the rocket is launched into space.

[0118] Figure 13C schematically shows 15 units mounted on the outside of the rocket (800). This example uses a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, but any rocket with appropriate size and thrust can be used. As shown in Figure 13C, each row of units (820A-E) forms a three-stage stack on the outside of the rocket.

[0119] Figure 13D schematically shows a 15-unit (820) space station (850) assembled in space. Each unit (850) is approximately 50m 2This is the area of ​​a ring of 100 units (820) connected in a rotatable ring to generate gravity. Inhabitants of a ring-shaped space station (850) of 100 units (820) could experience conditions that are substantially close to Earth's environment. If the floor of the units (820) is located on the outer perimeter of the space station (850) and the station (850) rotates at approximately 19 revolutions per minute, the centrifugal force experienced by the inhabitants would be roughly equivalent to Earth's gravity, providing a comfortable living environment for the inhabitants. Larger space stations (850) would require slower rotation speeds, and smaller space stations (850) would require faster rotation speeds. [Examples]

[0120] Figures 14A-B and 15A-B show exemplary embodiments of an automobile, where the structural materials of the vehicle mainly include ABS. Figures 14A-B are cross-sectional views showing the central (130) and some of the intermediate layers (120), which are the upper parts of the vehicle, while Figure 15A-B shows a portion of the intermediate layers (120). The outer layers are not shown. Figures 14A-B show the displacement of the central (130) and some of the intermediate layers (120), while Figure 15A-B shows the stresses acting on the intermediate layers (120).

[0121] The exemplary vehicle is 1.5m high, 2m wide, and 4m long, roughly the size of a small car, and weighs less than 200kg. In the exemplary vehicle, the central section forms the roof of the vehicle. In this design, the roof (central section) is fixed only to the topmost intermediate layer, and each intermediate layer is slidable relative to any adjacent intermediate layer. 150 intermediate layers (only a portion are shown) and an outer layer constitute the walls of the vehicle.

[0122] Computer simulations of the stress on such vehicles have shown that they can withstand a load of 40 tons.

[0123] In many countries, standard tests are applied to new vehicle designs to ensure minimum safety standards. These standards specify the direction and magnitude of the forces applied, as well as the locations on the vehicle where these forces are applied.

[0124] Figures 14A-B and 15A-B show simulation results applying loads similar to those used in standard tests for typical small vehicles. In these tests, the allowable deformation of the vehicle chassis is typically around 20 mm.

[0125] In a standard test, a force of 4G is applied; in other words, the applied force is 4 × G × W, where G is the acceleration due to gravity and W is the vehicle weight. For a typical vehicle, the 4G force applied to the vehicle is 17,000 N. This is the force applied to an example vehicle, but instead of the weight of a typical vehicle of that size which exceeds 1 ton, its weight is less than 200 kg.

[0126] Figure 14A shows the load applied to the central part (130) in the simulation (arrow at the center of the central part (130)) and the constraint forces applied to the centerline of the central part (130), the top surface, and the outside of the lower intermediate layer (120) (small gray arrows). The loads applied in the simulation are: Fx = 4.89 x 10 5 N (horizontal arrow) Fy = -6.76 x 10 3 N (downward arrow) That is the case.

[0127] Figure 14B shows the displacement of the component due to the applied force, with a maximum displacement of 1.09 mm, well below the typical value of 20 mm. The intermediate layers are thinner, but more importantly, the direction of strain for each intermediate layer is outward (mid-gray, upper intermediate layer). Because the strain is outward and the force and pressure are evenly distributed throughout the vehicle, a material like ABS can withstand a load of approximately 700 kg per square centimeter in a 1 mm thick layer.

[0128] Figures 15A and 15B show the pressure in the mesolayer; Figure 15A shows the pressure but not the deformation, while Figure 15B shows both pressure and deformation. The pressure is low, almost zero in the center of the mesolayer, and the pressure distribution between different mesolayers is almost identical.

[0129] As shown in Figures 14A-B and 15A-B, a load applied to any part of a structure transmits the load force and resultant force to all parts of the structure, causing an angular change between adjacent pairs of parts and stabilizing the structure. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0130] 110 Outer layer (base member) 120A inner middle layer 120B Central middle layer 120C outer middle layer 130 Center 1000 Stretchable structure

Claims

1. A structure having at least two configurations, namely a reduced configuration and an extended configuration, and a main vertical axis, wherein the structure is A central part having at least one central side surface and at least one of the central upper surface and central lower surface, An intermediate layer having an upper intermediate layer surface, a lower intermediate layer surface, the inside of at least one intermediate layer, and the outside of at least one intermediate layer, An outer layer having at least one inward-facing side surface of the outer layer, at least one outer surface of the outer layer, and at least one of the lower surface of the outer layer and the upper surface of the outer layer, Equipped with, The central part can be nested at least partially within the at least one intermediate layer, and the at least one intermediate layer can be nested at least partially within the outer layer. Each of the at least one central side surface, the inner surface of the at least one intermediate layer, the outer surface of the at least one intermediate layer, and the inward-facing side surface of the at least one outer layer is provided with at least two semi-relieves, each of which is either an inwardly angled semi-relief or an outwardly angled semi-relief. The at least two semi-relieves on the at least one central side surface are compatible with the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer, The at least two semi-relieves on the outer side of the at least one intermediate layer are compatible with the at least two semi-relieves on the inward-facing side surface of the outer layer. A structure wherein the at least one intermediate layer is a plurality of intermediate layers, and with respect to each adjacent pair of intermediate layers, the at least two semi-relieves provided on the inside outside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers are fittable with the at least two semi-relieves provided on the inside outside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers, and with respect to each adjacent pair of intermediate layers, the inside of each adjacent pair of intermediate layers is at least partially nested within the outside of each adjacent pair of intermediate layers.

2. a. The central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof, is displaceable relative to the outer layer in a direction parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, thereby transitioning the expandable structure from the reduced configuration to the expanded configuration. b. The structure is reversibly expandable. c. The central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof, is displaceable along the main longitudinal axis of the structure relative to the outer layer, and the expandable structure transitions from the expanded configuration to the reduced configuration. d. All members of the group consisting of the central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof are fixed to each other. The structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the following is true.

3. The structure according to claim 1, wherein a resultant force deflected in a direction not parallel to the applied force causes each outer surface to seal and communicate with the inner surface of an adjacent layer, thereby sealing and separating the exterior of the expandable structure from the interior of the expandable structure.

4. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the pair of adjacent layers is selected from the group consisting of the at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the central part, an adjacent pair of the plurality of intermediate layers, and the at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the outer layer.

5. The structure according to claim 4, wherein one of the pairs of adjacent layers is in a communication state selected from sliding communication and fixed communication.

6. The structure according to claim 1, wherein in the closed configuration, at least a portion of all the bottom edges of the structure are on the same plane as each other, the central part fits snugly to the innermost part of the at least one intermediate layer, the outer layer fits snugly to the outermost part of the at least one intermediate layer, and with respect to the plurality of intermediate layers, each of the adjacent intermediate layer pairs fits snugly to each other.

7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the two semi-relieves is joined to an adjacent semi-relief in a manner selected from the group consisting of straight segments, curved segments, or any combination thereof.

8. The structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the at least two semi-relieves includes a member comprising a spiral having an axis parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, a ring located in a plane perpendicular or parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, or the apex of the at least two semi-relieves at an angle between 30° and 90° with respect to the main longitudinal axis of the structure.

9. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the at least two semi-relieves on the central part are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the at least one intermediate layer.

10. The structure according to claim 1, wherein with respect to the at least one intermediate layer, the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the outside of the at least one intermediate layer.

11. A method for assembling a structure having at least two configurations, namely a reduced configuration and an extended configuration, A step of preparing the aforementioned structure, wherein the structure has a main vertical axis, A central part having at least one central side surface and at least one of the central upper surface and central lower surface, An intermediate layer having an upper intermediate layer surface, a lower intermediate layer surface, the inside of at least one intermediate layer, and the outside of at least one intermediate layer, An outer layer having at least one inward-facing side surface of the outer layer, at least one outer surface of the outer layer, and at least one of the lower surface of the outer layer and the upper surface of the outer layer, Equipped with, Each of the at least one central side surface, the inner surface of the at least one intermediate layer, the outer surface of the at least one intermediate layer, and the inward-facing side surface of the at least one outer layer is provided with at least two semi-relieves, each of which is either an inwardly angled semi-relief or an outwardly angled semi-relief. The at least two semi-relieves on the at least one central side surface are interlocking with the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer, The at least two semi-relieves on the outer side of the at least one intermediate layer are compatible with the at least two semi-relieves on the inward-facing side surface of the outer layer. The at least one intermediate layer is a plurality of intermediate layers, and with respect to each adjacent pair of intermediate layers, the at least two semi-relieves provided on the inside outside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers are interlocking with the at least two semi-relieves provided on the outside inside of the adjacent pair of intermediate layers, step and The steps include: placing the structure in a predetermined location; The steps include moving the central part along the main vertical axis in a direction that increases the distance between the central part and the outer layer until the central part is at a predetermined distance from the outer layer, A method that includes this.

12. a. The central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof, of the group of members is displaceable relative to the outer layer in a direction parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the structure, and the expandable structure is transitioned from the reduced configuration to the expanded configuration. b. The structure is reversibly expandable, c. The group of members consisting of the central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof, is displaceable along the main longitudinal axis of the structure relative to the outer layer, and the step of transitioning the expandable structure from the expanded configuration to the reduced configuration, d. All members of the group consisting of the central part, the at least one intermediate layer, or any combination thereof are fixed to each other. The method according to claim 11, further comprising at least one of the steps.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of deflecting the resultant force in a direction not parallel to the applied force to seal each outer surface in communication with the inner surface of an adjacent layer, thereby sealingly separating the exterior of the expandable structure from the interior of the expandable structure.

14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of selecting a pair of adjacent layers from the group consisting of the at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the central part, an adjacent pair of the plurality of intermediate layers, and the at least one intermediate layer adjacent to the outer layer.

15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of providing one of the pairs of adjacent layers in a communication state selected from slidable communication and fixed communication.

16. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of providing at least a portion of all bottom edges of the structure on the same plane as the closed configuration, the central part fits snugly to the innermost part of the at least one intermediate layer, the outer layer fits snugly to the outermost part of the at least one intermediate layer, and with respect to the plurality of intermediate layers, each of the adjacent intermediate layer pairs fits snugly to the other.

17. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of joining one of the at least two semi-relieves to an adjacent semi-relief in a manner selected from the group consisting of straight segments, curved segments, or any combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of providing each of the at least two semi-relieves, each of which includes a member comprising a spiral having an axis parallel to the main vertical axis of the structure, a ring located in a plane perpendicular or parallel to the main vertical axis of the structure, or a group of members comprising the at least two semi-relieves with an angle between 30° and 90° with respect to the main vertical axis of the structure.

19. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of providing the at least two semi-relieves on the central part that are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the at least one intermediate layer.

20. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of providing, with respect to the at least one intermediate layer, the at least two semi-relieves on the inside of the at least one intermediate layer that are different from the at least two semi-relieves on the outside of the at least one intermediate layer.

21. Multiple nested, interconnected rings, The innermost ring of the aforementioned multiple nested interconnected rings communicates with the innermost central part, A structure comprising, The structure includes at least one folding configuration and at least one extension configuration. The structure is transferable between the at least one folding configuration and the at least one extending configuration, or between the at least one extending configuration and the at least one folding configuration, by the application of a transfer force sufficient to overcome the structural resistance between the members of a group consisting of at least one adjacent pair of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between the inner center and the innermost ring of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between any combination thereof, wherein the transfer force is applied between the outermost ring of the plurality of nested interconnected rings and the inner center. Furthermore, in the extended configuration, a load applied to a component selected from the group consisting of the inner central part, one of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or any combination thereof, causes the transfer of load and resultant forces to all components of the structure, causing an angular change between adjacent pairs of components, thereby stabilizing the structure.

22. The structure according to claim 21, wherein a tight fit exists between at least one pair of adjacent parts, the adjacent parts being selected from the group consisting of the inner center and the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or two of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, and the tight fit creates a seal between at least one pair of adjacent parts.

23. The structure according to claim 21, wherein the transition force is reduceable for transitions between the at least one folding configuration and the at least one extension configuration, or between the at least one extension configuration and the at least one folding configuration, the transition force is increaseable to prevent transitions from the at least one extension configuration to the at least one folding configuration, the transition force is reduceable by at least partially removing the inner center from the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings, and the transition force is increaseable by at least partially inserting the inner center into the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings.

24. The structure according to claim 21, wherein the outermost characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnected rings is different from at least one other characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, the characteristic being selected from the group consisting of material, cross-sectional thickness, height, relief length, relief shape, or any combination thereof.

25. A method for assembling a structure having at least two configurations, namely a reduced configuration and an extended configuration, A step of preparing the aforementioned structure, wherein the structure is Multiple nested, interconnected rings, The innermost central part of the aforementioned multiple nested interconnected rings communicates with the innermost ring, Equipped with, The structure includes at least one folding configuration and at least one extension configuration, step and The steps include: placing the structure in a predetermined location; The steps include moving the central part along the main vertical axis of the structure in a direction that increases the distance between the central part and the outer layer until the central part is at a predetermined distance from the outer layer, Includes, The structure is transferable between the at least one folded configuration and the at least one extended configuration, or between the at least one extended configuration and the at least one folded configuration, by the application of a transfer force sufficient to overcome the structural resistance between members of a group consisting of at least one adjacent pair of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between the inner center and the innermost layer of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or between any combination thereof, wherein the transfer force is applied between the outermost and inner center of the plurality of nested interconnected rings. Furthermore, in the extended configuration, a load applied to a component selected from the group consisting of the inner central part, one of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or any combination thereof, causes the transfer of load forces and resultant forces to all components of the structure, causing an angular change between adjacent pairs of components, thereby stabilizing the structure.

26. The method according to claim 25, further comprising the step of providing a tight fit between at least one pair of adjacent parts, wherein the adjacent parts are selected from the group consisting of the inner center and the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, or two of the plurality of nested interconnected rings, and the tight fit creates a seal between at least one pair of the adjacent parts.

27. The method according to claim 25, further comprising the steps of reducing the transition force for a transition between the at least one folding configuration and the at least one extension configuration, or for a transition between the at least one extension configuration and the at least one folding configuration, or increasing the transition force to prevent a transition from the at least one extension configuration to the at least one folding configuration, wherein the reduction of the transition force is performed by at least partially removing the inner center from the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings, or the increase of the transition force is performed by at least partially inserting the inner center into the innermost of the plurality of nested interconnecting rings.

28. The method according to claim 25, further comprising the steps of: selecting the outermost characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnected rings to be different from at least one other characteristic of the plurality of nested interconnected rings; and selecting the characteristic from the group consisting of material, cross-sectional thickness, height, relief length, relief shape, or any combination thereof.

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