Friction parts

Abstract

The present invention relates to a friction element (101) with an annular disc-shaped friction body having at least one friction surface (103) and with a coupling body (104) used to create a rotationally fixed connection to the friction element (101). According to the present invention, the production and / or function of the friction element (101) are simplified and improved, respectively. This is achieved in that the friction element (101) comprises at least one weakened area (111, 112) in which the stiffness of the friction element (101) is reduced in a circumferential direction in a controlled manner so as to facilitate a compensating movement between two friction element sections (54-57) circumferentially adjacent to the weakened area.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a friction component with an annular disc-shaped friction body having at least one friction surface and with a coupling body used to create a rotationally fixed connection to the friction component. [Background technology]

[0002] Friction components for use in clutches or brakes are known in various embodiments for both wet and dry applications. For example, friction plates for wet friction clutch modules for use in motor vehicle powertrains are known from European Patent No. EP1910704B1. From German Patent Application No. DE102011086523A1, friction bodies are known which can be connected to a friction body carrier. From German Patent Application No. DE102016203048A1, a lining carrier for at least one wet friction lining is known which is formed from a wet friction lining material, the lining carrier comprising a dry friction lining material. From German Patent Application No. DE102018124338A1, a friction disk is known with a friction body having at least one friction surface, the friction body being connected in a form-fitting manner to a coupling body. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The object of the present invention is to simplify or improve the production and / or functionality of a friction part with an annular disc-shaped friction body having at least one friction surface and with a coupling body used to create a rotationally fixed connection to the friction part. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The object is achieved by a friction component with an annular disc-shaped friction body having at least one friction surface and with a coupling body used to create a rotationally fixed connection to the friction component, the friction component comprising at least one weakened area where the stiffness of the friction component is reduced in the circumferential direction in a controlled manner such that a circumferential compensation movement between two friction component sections adjacent to the weakened area is promoted. The friction component is preferably a friction disc, in particular a clutch disc or a brake disc. The coupling body is preferably a toothing, for example an internal or external toothing, formed on the friction component. The coupling body, in particular the toothing, can be formed radially inward or radially outward on the annular disc-shaped friction body. The annular disc-shaped friction body can be attached to a carrier element, for example a carrier plate. In the case of conventional friction discs, the coupling body, in particular the toothing, is usually formed on the carrier element. In the case of the claimed friction component, the coupling body, in particular the toothing, can be formed on both the annular disc-shaped friction body and the carrier element. In one embodiment of the friction component, the friction component is designed without a carrier element. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the coupling body is integrally connected to the annular disc-shaped friction body, in particular as a single piece. The weakened area of ​​the friction part preferably produces a flexure beam or a flexure joint in order to facilitate the desired corrective movement. For this purpose, the ring structure of the friction part is partially separated or interrupted in the radial direction. In this way, the tangential stiffness of the friction part can be reduced in a controlled manner. The reduction in the stiffness of the lining structure in the tangential direction can proceed until the friction part is divided into annular disc-shaped friction bodies or segments. When a torque is transmitted, the corrective movement facilitates a defined introduction of forces to or from the friction part, for example to a disc carrier that is connected to the friction part in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0005] A preferred exemplary embodiment of the friction part is characterized in that the friction body is connected to the coupling body as a single piece. In this way, the weight and mass inertia of the friction part can be reduced. In addition, the carrier element, in particular the carrier plate, can be omitted, so that the production costs can be reduced. Furthermore, the assembly of the friction part is simplified. If the friction part is made of an organic material, any post-processing that would otherwise be required can be omitted in a particularly advantageous manner.

[0006] Another preferred embodiment of the friction element is characterized in that the friction element is attached to a carrier element. The carrier element is, for example, a carrier plate. If the friction body is connected to the coupling body as a single piece, the carrier element, in particular the carrier plate, can be simply designed as an annular disk, in particular without teeth. Depending on the design, however, the carrier element can also be designed with teeth. The friction body is, for example, connected to the carrier element in a bonded manner. The bonded connection can be especially designed to be highly elastic, so that a relative movement between the friction body and the carrier element is promoted, in order to allow the above-mentioned corrective movement. However, depending on the design, the carrier element can also be designed with the same or similar weakened areas as the friction body.

[0007] A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the friction part is characterized in that the annular disc-shaped friction body comprises at least one recess extending outwardly from the radially inner periphery of the friction part. The recess, for example embodied as a groove or slot in the annular disc-shaped friction body, preferably extends radially outwardly from the radially inner periphery of the friction part. Depending on the design, the recess can also extend obliquely to the radial line.

[0008] A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the friction element is characterized in that the annular disc-shaped friction body comprises at least one recess extending inwardly from the radially outer periphery of the friction element. For example, the recess designed as a groove or slot of the annular disc-shaped friction body preferably extends radially inwardly. However, the recess can also extend obliquely to the radial line.

[0009] Another preferred embodiment of the friction element is characterized in that the two recesses are arranged on a common radial line and facing each other. The remaining bridge between the recesses preferably creates a flexure joint between the circumferentially adjacent friction lining sections. In this way, the desired compensation movement can be facilitated with little manufacturing effort.

[0010] A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the friction element is characterized in that the two recesses are circumferentially offset and arranged in a radially overlapping manner. The remaining bridge between the recesses creates a deflection beam that facilitates the desired compensation movement between circumferentially adjacent friction element sections. The recesses are easy to produce in terms of manufacturing technology.

[0011] In the case of friction parts with annular disc-shaped friction bodies having at least one friction surface and with coupling bodies used for generating a rotationally fixed connection to the friction parts, in particular in the case of the friction parts described above, the above object is achieved alternatively or additionally in that the annular disc-shaped friction bodies are divided into friction lining pieces, which are each connected to a coupling body part as a single piece. The friction parts preferably comprise at least two friction lining pieces. The coupling body parts are, for example, at least one tooth of a toothing for generating a rotationally fixed connection to the disc carrier. The toothing is preferably designed as an external toothing of the friction parts. This offers the advantage that, when the friction lining pieces are mounted on a disc carrier, which is, for example, designed in a corresponding, complementary manner, no connection between the individual friction lining pieces is necessary. In this way, the desired correction movements can be carried out in an easy manner. However, depending on the design, the friction lining pieces can also be partially connected to one another. This connection can be made as a single piece. However, the friction lining pieces can also be mounted on a carrier element, such as a carrier plate. The friction lining pieces are preferably in the form of annular sectors or segments.

[0012] A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the friction part is characterized in that the friction lining pieces each have only two tooth flanks for generating the coupling area. The tooth flanks generate a part of the toothing in the coupling area. The tooth flanks can be formed on one tooth per friction lining piece. During operation of the friction part, the two tooth flanks engage in a mating manner with the corresponding toothing of the disk carrier. The tooth flanks can be provided not only in the center of the coupling body, but also on the tangential end faces.

[0013] A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the friction component is characterized in that two adjacent friction lining pieces are connected to each other by a flexible joint or a flexible beam, which provides the advantage that the friction lining pieces remain connected to each other, which makes it easier to handle the friction component during assembly.

[0014] The present invention further relates to a clutch or brake, in particular a multi-disk clutch or multi-disk brake, with at least one friction element as described above, preferably a plurality of such friction elements. The clutch or brake is preferably free-running. At least two of the exemplary embodiments described above can also be combined into a clutch or brake. For example, the ring structure can be split into at least two elements, which can then be connected by a joint or a flexure beam to increase flexibility.

[0015] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which various exemplary embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a half section of a friction actuated device designed as a wet multi-disk clutch. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram in plan view of a friction element with two weakened areas according to a first exemplary embodiment; [Diagram 3] 3 shows a view similar to FIG. 2 according to a further exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4] 3 shows a view similar to FIG. 2 according to a further exemplary embodiment. [Diagram 5] 4 shows friction lining pieces in plan view according to two further exemplary embodiments; [Figure 6] 4 shows friction lining pieces in plan view according to two further exemplary embodiments; [Figure 7]1 according to a further exemplary embodiment, illustrating in particular the joint function in the friction element and the resulting promoted ovalization. [Figure 8] 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment, illustrating in particular the joint function in the friction element and the resulting promoted ovalization. [Figure 9] 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment, illustrating in particular the joint function in the friction element and the resulting promoted ovalization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] In figure 1 a half section of a friction actuated device designed as a wet multi-disc clutch 1 is shown diagrammatically. The wet multi-disc clutch 1 comprises an inner disc carrier 2 and an outer disc carrier 3. The two disc carriers 2, 3 can be rotated relative to each other about a rotation axis 4 independently of each other at different rotational speeds indicated by the arrows 5, 6.

[0018] The disc pack of the wet multi-disc clutch 1 comprises steel discs 7 and aligned discs 8. The aligned discs 8 each comprise a lining carrier 9 which is connected to the inner disc carrier 2 in a radially, rotationally fixed manner inside a coupling area 10. The coupling area 10 of the brake pad carrier 9 is designed, for example, as an internal toothing which meshes with a complementary external toothing of the inner disc carrier 2. Similarly, the steel discs 7 are connected to the outer disc carrier 3 in a radially, rotationally fixed manner outside.

[0019] The friction linings 11, 12 are mounted on both sides of the lining carrier 9, i.e. left and right in Fig. 1. The design and function of the wet multi-disc clutch 1 is known per se and will not be described further here. Arrows 13 indicate the cooling and / or lubricating medium entering radially inwards through the inner disc carrier 2 into the disc pack of the wet disc clutch 1. Arrows 14 indicate the cooling and / or lubricating medium exiting radially outwards from the outer disc carrier 3.

[0020] The cooling and / or lubricating medium is mainly used for cooling the wet multi-disc clutch 1. The lining disc 8 with the lining carrier 9 and the two friction linings 11, 12 is also referred to as friction part 15. The friction part 15 has a friction surface 16 shown on the right side of Figure 1 facing the steel disc 7.

[0021] The friction surface 16 is delimited radially inwards by an inner radius ri. The friction surface 16 is delimited radially outwards by an outer radius ra. On the left-hand side of Fig. 1, the friction piece 15 comprises a further friction surface, not shown in further detail, which faces an adjacent steel disc. For torque transmission, the friction piece 15 can be clamped by its annular disc-shaped friction surface 16 in each case between two adjacent steel discs 7.

[0022] The wet multi-disc clutch 1 shown in Figure 1 can also be designed to run dry, in contrast to what is shown. During operation of the multi-disc clutch 1, the plates are subjected to an axial contact pressure. In the tribological contact between the aligned and steel discs, torque is transmitted by friction. The torque is introduced into the inner disc carrier 2 or the outer disc carrier 3 via the drive teeth.

[0023] 1-9 show various embodiments of friction components 101, 21, 22, 31, and 41, each shown in plan view and partially cut away. The friction components 101, 21, 22, 31, and 41 include a friction body 102 and a coupling body 104. The friction body 102 has essentially the shape of an annular disc. The friction surface 103 has essentially the shape of an annular disc.

[0024] The coupling body 104 is designed as a toothing 105. The toothing 105 is shown on the friction parts 101, 21, 22, 31 and 41, which are designed as external teeth. The parts of the toothing 105 shown as examples are called internal teeth 106 and internal teeth 107. The toothing 105 is used for a rotationally fixed connection to the outer disc carrier (3 in FIG. 1) of the multi-disc clutch.

[0025] The same reference symbols are used in Figures 2-9 to denote identical or similar parts. Similarities between various exemplary embodiments will only be described once.

[0026] In Fig. 2 it is shown that the friction body 102 can be mounted on a carrier element 108, 109. The carrier element 108, 109 is for example a carrier plate. The carrier plate can have the same inner diameter as the friction body 102. The carrier plate can also have the same outer diameter as the friction body 102. However, the carrier plate can also have a smaller outer diameter than the friction body 102.

[0027] The coupling body 104 or teeth 105 is connected to the friction body 102 as a single piece.

[0028] Two weakened areas 111, 112 on the friction element 1 are shown in Figure 2. In the weakened areas 111, 112 the stiffness of the friction element 101, in particular the friction body 102, is reduced in a controlled manner in the circumferential direction.

[0029] Two slot-like or groove-like recesses 113, 114 are used to create the weakened area 111. The recesses 113, 114 extend radially towards each other from the inner periphery 17 or the outer periphery 18, respectively. The remaining distance or bridge between the recesses 113, 114 creates the flexure joint 110.

[0030] Weakened region 112 includes similar recesses 115, 116. The primary difference between weakened regions 111, 112 is that recess 114 in FIG. 2 extends from the root of internal tooth 106, rather than extending radially inwardly directly from outer periphery 18.

[0031] The weakened areas 112 are used to create the flexure joints 19 on the friction body 2. The flexure joints 110, 19 create a single piece connection between the friction part sections or friction lining pieces 54, 55 and 55, 56. The desired compensating movement between the friction part sections or friction lining pieces 54, 55 and 55, 56 is facilitated by the flexure joints 110, 19.

[0032] FIG. 3 shows two sections of friction parts 21, 22 with similar recesses 23, 24 and 26, 27 used to create weakened areas 111 in the friction body 102 as in FIG.

[0033] The recesses 23, 24, 26, 27 are offset from one another in the circumferential direction and overlap radially, resulting in a flexure beam 25, 28 between two adjacent friction part sections or friction lining pieces 54, 55. The desired compensating movement between the friction part sections or friction lining pieces 54, 55 can be adjusted in a controlled manner by the shape and size of the flexure beam 25, 28.

[0034] In the case of the friction element 31 shown in Fig. 4, the friction lining piece 34 is delimited by two recesses 32, 33. The recesses 32, 33 are designed, for example, as radially extending slits. This results in an annular sector-shaped friction lining piece, also called a segment. The inner radius ri is indicated by an arrow. The outer radius ra of the friction element 31 is indicated by a further arrow.

[0035] In Figure 4, right angles are provided between the recesses 32, 33 and between the internal teeth 106, 107. Other angles may be advantageous under other boundary conditions, for example related to the coefficient of friction, the inside radius or the outside radius.

[0036] Figure 5 shows only the friction lining piece 34 with arrows 35, 36, 37 to illustrate the forces acting during operation. The coupling body 104 is delimited in the circumferential direction by two tooth flanks 29, 30. A force 35 for torque transmission acts on the tooth flank 30. The arrow 36 illustrates the support force that serves to radially support the friction lining piece 34 in the outer disc carrier (3 in Figure 1). The arrow 37 illustrates the friction force acting during operation. The force 35 acts purely tangentially in Figure 5.

[0037] The area between the tooth flanks 29, 30 gives rise to a coupling body part 39 on the coupling body 104. Figure 6 shows that the coupling body part 40 of the coupling body 102 can also be provided with internal teeth 106 that are bounded by the two tooth flanks 29, 30. In Figure 6 it is shown that on the friction lining piece 38 the coupling body 102 can also be provided with internal teeth 106 that are bounded by the two tooth flanks 29, 30.

[0038] The corrective movement of the friction part 41 is illustrated in figures 7-9. The friction part 41 is indicated by an arrow, where Ft, FN and FR are the tangential, normal and radial forces. Reference number 42 indicates the flank angle of the tooth surface of the toothing which gives rise to the coupling body 104. The friction part 41 comprises a total of four weakened areas 43-46 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The weakened areas 43-46 divide the friction part 41 with the friction body 102 into a total of four friction part sections or friction lining pieces 54-57.

[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates that an undesired pitch error of the toothing 105 on the friction part 41 can result in a load being applied only to the two tooth flanks 65, 66. The torque to be transmitted is supported on the tooth flanks 65, 66 via a tangential force Ft. The flank angle 42 results in a radial force FR. The radial force FR results in an ovalization of the friction body 102, which is so to speak ring-shaped, as indicated by the arrows 61 and 62 in FIG. 8. The weakened areas 43, 44 facilitate the desired corrective movement. The new position of the friction lining piece 54 is indicated at 63 by a dotted line.

[0040] The arrows 51 in FIG. 9 show that the load-bearing tooth flanks move radially inwards. The radial deformation combined with the flank angle (42 in FIG. 7) facilitates the tangential movement indicated by the arrows 52 in FIG. 9. The resulting rotation of the friction part 41 allows the undesirable tooth play of the non-load-bearing teeth to be reduced. The non-load-bearing teeth move outwards so that the tooth play is reduced by the ovalization. In this way, the introduction of forces for the transmission of torque can be equalized, preferably up to an even load on all teeth of the toothing 105. [Explanation of symbols]

[0041] 1 Wet multi-disc clutch 2 Inner Disc Carriers 3 Outer Disc Carrier 4 Rotation Axis 5 Rotational Speed 6 Rotational Speed 7 Steel Disc 8 Discs in a Row 9 Lining Carrier 10 Combined area 11 Friction Lining 12 Friction Lining 13 Arrow 14 Arrow 15 Friction parts 16 Friction surface 17 Inner periphery 18 Outer periphery 19 Flexure joint 21 Friction parts 22 Friction parts 23 Recess 24 Recess 25 Flexure beam 26 Recess 27 Recess 28 Flexural Beam 29 Tooth surface 30 Tooth surface 31 Friction parts 32 Recess 33 Recess 34 Friction lining piece 35 Arrow 36 Arrow 37 Arrow 38 Friction lining piece 39 Coupling body parts 40 Coupling body parts 41 Friction parts 42 Flank angle 43 Weak area 44 Weak area 45 Weak area 46 Weak area 51 Arrow 52 Arrow 54 Friction parts section, friction lining piece 55 Friction parts section, friction lining piece 56 Friction parts section, friction lining piece 57 Friction parts section, friction lining piece 61 Arrow 62 Arrow 63 Elliptical 65 Tooth surface 66 Tooth surface 101 Friction parts 102 Friction body 103 Friction surface 104 Coupling body 105 Teeth 106 Internal teeth 107 Internal teeth 108 Career Elements 109 Career Elements 110 Flexure joint 111 Weak area 112 Weak area 113 Recess 114 Recess 115 Recess 116 Recess

Claims

1. A friction component (101, 21, 22, 31, 41) having an annular disc-shaped friction body (102) having at least one friction surface (103) and a coupling body (104) used to create a rotationally fixed connection to said friction component (101, 21, 22, 31, 41), said friction component (101, 21, 22, 31, 41) having four weakened areas (43-46), said friction component (111, 112, 31, 46) having a stiffness of said weakened areas (43-46) being greater than or equal to the stiffness of said weakened areas (43-46). a friction component (101, 21, 22, 31, 41) comprising four weakened areas (43-46) which are reduced in the circumferential direction in a controlled manner so as to facilitate a compensating movement between two friction component sections (54-57) circumferentially adjacent to each other (54-57) of the friction component sections (54-57) of the coupling body (104) having internal teeth (106, 107), the four weakened areas (43-46) being evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and formed in positions overlapping with respective concave external teeth (106) in the circumferential direction.

2. 2. The friction element according to claim 1, wherein the friction body (102) is connected to the coupling body (104) as a single piece.

3. Friction element according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the friction body (102) is attached to a carrier element (108, 109).

4. 4. The friction element according to claim 1, wherein the annular disc-shaped friction body (102) comprises at least one recess (113, 115, 23, 26, 32, 33) extending outwardly from a radially inner periphery (17) of the friction element (101, 21, 22, 31, 41).

5. 5. The friction element according to claim 1, wherein the annular disc-shaped friction body (102) comprises at least one recess (114, 116, 24, 27, 32, 33) extending inwardly from a radially outer periphery (18) of the friction element (101, 21, 22, 31, 41).

6. Friction element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two recesses (113, 114, 115, 116) are arranged on a common radial line and face each other.

7. The friction part according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the annular disc-shaped friction body (102) is divided into friction lining pieces (34, 38, 54 to 57), and each of the friction lining pieces (34, 38, 54 to 57) is connected to a coupling body part (39, 40) as a single piece.

8. Friction component according to claim 7, characterized in that the friction lining pieces (34, 38, 54-57) each have only two tooth flanks (29, 30) to create a coupling area.

9. Friction element according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that two adjacent friction lining pieces (54-57) are connected to each other by a flexible joint (110, 19) or a flexible beam (25, 28).

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