Method, program and display device for displaying monosaccharides

Abstract

To provide a simple method for displaying a rare sugar structure for Izumoring, and also to provide a program and a display device.SOLUTION: A method for displaying monosaccharide is characterized in that combination of each carbon constituting a Fischer projection formula and an element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded is patterned for a total of 59 monosaccharides of aldose, ketose, and polyol, any one of the patterns is combined into a pattern structure formula corresponding to the Fisher projection formula of the single monosaccharide, and the pattern structure formula is displayed vertically.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method, program, and display device for displaying monosaccharides for Izumoring, which displays structural formulas by forming patterns using combinations of circles and bars. [Background technology]

[0002] "Rare sugars" can be defined as monosaccharides (aldoses, ketoses, and sugar alcohols) that are rarely found in nature. This definition is ambiguous because it is not based on the structure or properties of sugars. In other words, there is no definition of the amount, such as rare sugars being those that exist in a certain amount or less. However, there are six types of aldoses that generally exist in large amounts in nature: D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-ribose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose, and other aldoses are defined as rare sugars. D-fructose exists as a ketose, and other ketoses can be considered rare sugars. Sugar alcohols are also produced by reducing monosaccharides, and while D-sorbitol is relatively abundant in nature, the other ones are rare in quantity, so these can also be considered rare sugars. Other ketoses include D-psicose, D-tagatose, D-sorbose, L-fructose, L-psicose, L-tagatose, and L-sorbose. Sugar alcohols are produced by reducing monosaccharides, and although D-sorbitol is found in relatively large quantities in nature, the other sugars are also considered rare sugars. These sugars can be converted by the reactions of oxidoreductase, aldose isomerase, and aldose reductase.

[0003] <Izumoring> With the discovery of D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTE), all monosaccharides were linked in a ring shape, completing the structuring of knowledge about monosaccharides, which was named Izumoring. Inventor Ken Izumori published an Izumoring linkage diagram for 4-, 5-, and 6-carbon sugars in Patent Document 1, demonstrating its usefulness. The linkage diagram that links all monosaccharides with carbon numbers 4 to 6 based on the production process and molecular structures (D-type and L-type) shown in Figure 21 is the overall diagram of Izumoring. From this overall diagram, it can be understood that monosaccharides with carbon numbers 4, 5, and 6 are all linked. The connections in Izumoring C6, the connections in Izumoring C5, the connections in Izumoring C4, and C4, C5, and C6 are all connected. D-glucose in Izumoring C6 is connected to D-arabitol in Izumoring C5 and erythritol in Izumoring C4. This line indicates that D-arabitol and erythritol can be produced from D-glucose by fermentation. In other words, Izumoring C6, Izumoring C5 and Izumoring C4 are linked. This link is a reaction that mainly involves fermentation, which reduces the number of carbon atoms, and it is possible to link Izumoring C6 with Izumoring C5 and C4 by fermentation methods other than the two conversion reactions to D-arabitol and erythritol. For example, it is also possible to produce D-ribose from D-glucose. In this way, all monosaccharides with 4, 5 and 6 carbon atoms (aldoses, ketoses and sugar alcohols) are linked by the three Izumorings, and the location of each monosaccharide among all monosaccharides can be clearly confirmed.

[0004] <Hexose Izumoring> As shown in the lower part of Figure 21, the Izumoring of monosaccharides with six carbon atoms (hexoses) is that there are a total of 34 types of monosaccharides with six carbon atoms (hexoses), including 16 types of aldoses, 8 types of ketoses, and 10 types of sugar alcohols. These sugars can be converted by the reactions of oxidoreductase, aldose isomerase, and aldose reductase. DTE is an enzyme that epimerizes the 3-position of all ketoses, and this DTE connects all monosaccharides into a ring to form an Izumoring. If you want to produce L-glucose starting from D-glucose, you can make L-glucose by isomerization → epimerization → reduction → oxidation → epimerization → isomerization. Using the Izumoring of a monosaccharide (hexose) with six carbon atoms, the relationship between sugars that exist in large quantities in nature and rare sugars that exist only in trace amounts has been shown. D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, and D-galactose, which can be produced from lactose in milk, exist in large quantities in nature, while the rest are classified as rare sugars that exist only in trace amounts. With the discovery of DTE, it has become possible to produce D-fructose and D-psicose from D-glucose, as well as D-allose, allitol, and D-talitol. To summarize the significance of Izumoring of six-carbon monosaccharides (hexoses), all monosaccharides are structurally organized (knowledge structuring) based on their production process and molecular structure (D-type, L-type), allowing for an understanding of the overall picture of monosaccharides, enabling the selection of effective and efficient research approaches, the design of optimal production routes, and prediction of missing parts. It can also be seen that the L- and D-types are point symmetric with respect to the star (star). For example, D-glucose and L-glucose are point symmetric with respect to the central point.

[0005] <Pentose Izumoring> As shown in the middle of Figure 21, the Izumoring of a 5-carbon monosaccharide (pentose) is smaller than the Izumoring of a 6-carbon monosaccharide, which contains all 8 aldoses, 4 ketoses, and 4 sugar alcohols. The Izumoring of a 5-carbon monosaccharide is characterized by the left-right symmetry of the monosaccharides, whereas the Izumoring of a 6-carbon monosaccharide is point-symmetric. All are connected by enzyme reactions. The difference is that all can be linked in a ring shape by oxidation-reduction reactions and isomerization reactions alone. On the other hand, it can be seen that by using DTE, even more efficient production pathways can be designed. A major feature of the Izumoring with five carbon atoms is that, as is clear from the middle of Figure 21, all monosaccharides are arranged point-symmetrically in the Izumoring with six carbon atoms, whereas the Izumoring with five carbon atoms is arranged left-right symmetrically. Since all these pentoses are linked by enzyme reactions, just like the Izumoring with six carbon atoms, all pentoses are structurally organized (structuring of knowledge), which has the significance of making it possible to grasp the overall picture, select an effective and efficient approach for research, design optimal production routes, and predict missing parts.

[0006] <Tetrose's Izumoring> As shown in the top row of Figure 21, an Izumoring of a four-carbon monosaccharide (tetrose) has the characteristic that the ring is not completed due to the structural characteristics of tetrose. It has the structure of the upper half of an Izumoring with five carbon atoms. This ring is also linked by oxidation-reduction and isomerization reactions similar to those in the case of the rings with five and six carbon atoms. Since DTE does not react with ketoses with four carbon atoms, there are currently no reactions between ketoses. However, the existence of a new epimerase is predicted, and research into this is currently underway. The overall arrangement is symmetrical, just like the 5-carbon Izumoring, and contains four aldoses, two ketoses, and three sugar alcohols. In other words, it has the same significance as the 5- and 6-carbon Izumoring.

[0007] D-glucose in Izumoring C6 is connected to D-arabitol in Izumoring C5 and erythritol in Izumoring C4. This line indicates that D-arabitol and erythritol can be produced from D-glucose by fermentation. In other words, Izumoring C6, Izumoring C5 and Izumoring C4 are linked. This link is mainly a fermentation reaction that reduces the number of carbon atoms, and it is possible to link Izumoring C6 with Izumoring C5 and C4 by fermentation methods other than these two conversion reactions to D-arabitol and erythritol. For example, it is also possible to produce D-ribose from D-glucose. In this way, all monosaccharides with carbon numbers of 4, 5, and 6 (aldoses, ketoses, and sugar alcohols) were linked by the three Izumorings, and the location of each monosaccharide among all monosaccharides was clearly confirmed. It was clearly confirmed that the most famous xylitol can be easily produced by reducing D-xylose, which can be produced from unused wood resources. If a particular monosaccharide is obtained in large quantities through a biological reaction, it is easy to find the possibility of converting it into a new monosaccharide using it as a raw material. In other words, from this overall picture, the position of all monosaccharides as raw materials can be grasped with certainty, making it possible to design useful applications. In particular, it is easy to predict how monosaccharides can be used when they are obtained from waste or by-products. When monosaccharides are reduced, the aldehyde and ketone groups become alcohol groups, resulting in polyhydric alcohols with the same number of carbon atoms, i.e., sugar alcohols. Many reducing sugars are useful in the food industry, for example, L-arabinose is a pentose that has a taste similar to sucrose and is a poorly absorbed, non-caloric carbohydrate. It is also known to inhibit the disaccharide hydrolase enzyme that acts when disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose are absorbed into the body, and it is expected to be used as a sweetener for dieting and for diabetics. L-arabinose is also a useful sugar as a raw material for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Re-tabled publication 2004 / 063369 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 1-223567 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] Tetroses and pentoses, which have four or five carbon atoms, can be produced without using the Izumoring blueprint. However, monosaccharides with six or more carbon atoms have complex molecular structures and many different types, making them difficult to produce. However, by using the Izumoring as a blueprint, it has become possible to produce them in a planned manner. It is important that research into rare sugars be conducted in conjunction with production and the development of its applications. Currently, the International Rare Sugar Research and Education Organization has been established at Kagawa University, where more than 70 researchers are conducting research across departments. In the process of conducting joint research among many researchers, various issues that need to be resolved have become clear. One of the most important issues is the establishment of a method for easily identifying the molecular structures of rare sugars. Even with the many types of hexose with six carbon atoms, if there are only a few rare sugars to deal with, there is often no need to consider the structure. A "white powder" called rare sugar A was sufficient. However, as research progressed, and experiments using rare sugars A, B, C, D, and natural monosaccharide G began, it became necessary to recognize their structures. In research using many types of "white powders" such as rare sugars A, B, C, and G, there were many cases where the discussion of experimental results was insufficient. To overcome this, a "method to easily recognize the structures" of rare sugars A and B was required. Just take the rare sugar psicose (allulose), which has come to be produced in large quantities, and its effects in suppressing postprandial blood sugar rise, anti-obesity, and suppressing arteriosclerosis have been confirmed through demonstration tests. On March 27, 2020, food labeling standards allowed it to be labeled as "0 kcal." Researchers working with psicose (allulose) will continue to spread around the world, and research on it will deepen. This leads to allose, tagatose, and allitol, and we hope that young people on the path to becoming researchers will develop an interest in rare sugars and deepen their research. In addition, there are many other rare sugars for which mass production methods have not yet been established, and rare sugars have many more possibilities that are still unknown for their contribution to human survival. We need to be creative in providing information on rare sugars that helps understand Izumoring, and increase the interest and interest of future researchers, including high school students. The overall diagram of Izumoring's production process and the Izumo Fleet molecular structure (D-type, L-type) can further help people understand the linkage diagram that connects all monosaccharides with carbon numbers from 4 to 6.

[0010] In addition, there is a demand for a simple and easy-to-share notation method for monosaccharides among collaborators. For example, Professor F, who has been a collaborator for many years, is an organic chemist and easily draws monosaccharides using the "zigzag method," but the present inventor draws them using the "Fischer projection method." The zigzag structure that Professor F draws in his head must be "translated" into the Fischer projection method. A simple notation method for rare sugar structures is what the present inventor needs most. It was necessary to create a notation method for monosaccharides that even Professor F would approve.

[0011] Organic compounds (especially sugars) have many isomers, and in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, there are many compounds with similar chemical structures, making it difficult for an observer to determine which organic compound a given compound is at a glance by looking at its chemical structure. Conventionally, document creation devices for displaying chemical structural formulas are known. For example, in Patent Document 2, an operator enters "CH 4 A technology is disclosed that converts the character string "" into the chemical structural formula of methane by inputting the character string. An object of the present invention is to provide a simple method, program, and display device for displaying rare sugar structures for Izumoring. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The present invention relates to the following (1) to ( 3 This article summarizes the method of displaying monosaccharides. (1) A method for displaying monosaccharides using a computer, comprising the steps of: Carbon number 4, 5, 6 For a total of 59 monosaccharides, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols, the combination of each carbon that constitutes the Fischer projection and the element other than the carbon to which that carbon is bonded is CHO, C=O, OH-CH, HC-OH and CH 2 Either OH of The combination of circles and bars (A) through (F) below The patterns are then combined to obtain a pattern structure corresponding to the Fischer projection of one monosaccharide. The pattern structure is then arranged vertically in a On a display device connected to the computer display Let A method for displaying monosaccharides, comprising: Note (A) The combination of the aldehyde group "CHO" corresponds to the pattern of a circle with a short vertical line at the bottom. (B) A combination consisting of a ketone group "C=O" corresponds to a pattern of a circle with short vertical bars above and below it. (C) In the Fischer projection, the combination "HO-CH" in the middle of the chain corresponds to the letter "T" with a protruding bar rotated 90 degrees clockwise. (D) The “HC-OH” combination, also located in the middle of the chain, corresponds to the letter “T” with a protruding bar rotated 270° clockwise. (E) Furthermore, the bottom of the Fischer projection is the "CH 2 The combination of "OH" corresponds to the letter "T" rotated 180 degrees. (F) The topmost "CH" in the Fischer projection 2 The combination "OH" corresponds to a pattern that resembles the letter "T." (2) The monosaccharide is Izumoring (Registered Trademark) The method for expressing monosaccharides described in (1) above comprises 16 types of aldoses, 8 types of ketoses, and 10 types of sugar alcohols, for a total of 34 types of hexoses. (3) Izumoring with the above pattern structure (Registered Trademark) The method for displaying monosaccharides according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the 6-carbon sugar constituting the monosaccharide is displayed.

[0013] The present invention also provides the following ( 4The gist of the program is as follows: ( 4 ) Using a computer, Izumoring (Registered Trademark) The Fischer projection formulas of CHO, C=O, OH-CH, HC-OH, and CH are given for the 34 monosaccharides in total, which are the 6-carbon sugars that make up the saccharides, aldoses, ketoses, and polyols. 2 The combination of each carbon that is either OH or OH and the element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded is patterned with a combination of a circle, a bar, and an arrow. Any of these patterns are combined to form a pattern structure corresponding to the Fischer projection of a monosaccharide. The pattern structure is then arranged vertically to form Izumoring. (Registered Trademark) The six-carbon sugar that makes up of A program that realizes the function of displaying on a display device.

[0014] The present invention also provides the following ( 5 The present invention relates to a display device according to the present invention. ( 5 ) Izumoring (Registered Trademark) The Fischer projection formulas of CHO, C=O, OH-CH, HC-OH, and CH are given for the 34 monosaccharides in total, which are the 6-carbon sugars that make up the saccharides, aldoses, ketoses, and polyols. 2 The combination of each carbon that is either OH or OH and the element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded is patterned with a combination of a circle, a bar, and an arrow. Any of these patterns are combined to form a pattern structure corresponding to the Fischer projection of a monosaccharide. The pattern structure is then arranged vertically to form Izumoring. (Registered Trademark) A display device that displays the six carbon sugars that make up the sugar.

[0015] The present invention also provides the following ( 6 ) Izumoring (Registered Trademark) The gist of the piece is based on the board. ( 6 ) Izumoring (Registered Trademark)The Fischer projection formulas of CHO, C=O, OH-CH, HC-OH, and CH are given for the 34 monosaccharides in total, which are the 6-carbon sugars that make up the saccharides, aldoses, ketoses, and polyols. 2 The combination of each carbon that is either OH or OH and the element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded is patterned with a combination of a circle, a bar, and an arrow. Any of these patterns are combined to form a pattern structure corresponding to the Fischer projection of a monosaccharide. The pattern structure is then arranged vertically to form Izumoring. (Registered Trademark) Izumoring is characterized by displaying the 6-carbon sugars that make up (Registered Trademark) Board.

[0016] The present invention also provides the following ( 7 )or( 8 The gist of the present invention is that it is a study material for the monosaccharide structural formula described in the above. ( 7 )the above( 6 ) Izumoring (Registered Trademark) A learning material for monosaccharide structural formulas, characterized by including a disk. ( 8 )Izumoring (Registered Trademark) The above ( 7 ) is a learning material for the monosaccharide structural formulas described above. Effect of the Invention

[0017] According to the present invention, the chemical structural formulas of monosaccharides including rare sugars are displayed in a patterned form, so that monosaccharides including rare sugars can be intuitively or easily understood. A simple method for notating monosaccharides that can be shared among collaborators can be provided. There are many types of rare sugars, and the possibility that most of them may contribute to human survival is still unknown. For this reason, it is necessary to get future researchers interested in rare sugars, and by making efforts to provide information on rare sugars that will help understand Izumoring, this invention can get researchers who are pursuing a research career, or young people who are planning to pursue a research career, interested in rare sugar research in depth. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a top view of the Izumoring finder according to the embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a top view of the Izumo ring plate according to the embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a top view of the Izumoring chart according to the embodiment with the cover removed. [Figure 4] 1 is a rear view of an Izumoring finder according to an embodiment of the present invention, and an explanation of how to use the finder is provided. [Diagram 5] The basic rules of the Izumofleet formula are shown below. [Figure 6] The Fischer projection and Izumo-Fried structures of aldoses, ketoses, and polyols are compared to illustrate the principles of notation of the Izumo-Fried structure, which is a pattern figure. [Figure 7] The isomerase reaction and ketose 3-epimerase reaction that appear in Izumoring are shown in the IzumoFleet structural formula. [Figure 8] The polyol dehydrogenase reaction that appears in Izumoring is shown in the Izumo Fleet structural formula. [Figure 9] The oxidation reaction of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose is depicted using the Fischer projection formula. [Figure 10] Sorbose fermentation in Figure 9 is described using the Izumo-Fried structural formula. [Figure 11] The oxidation reaction of L-talitol (=L-allitol) shown in the Izumo Fleet structural formula and the structure and name of the product are shown. [Figure 12] The reaction for producing L-glucose from D-glucose using Izumoring is described using the IzumoFleet structural formula. [Figure 13]According to the Izumo Fleet structural formula, the conversion process of D-allulose to L-allulose clearly shows the advantages of. [Figure 14] D-glucose, an aldose hexose, is taken from Figure 5, which shows the basic rules of the Izumofleet formula. (A) shows D-glucose displayed in the Fischer projection formula, and (B) shows D-glucose displayed as a pattern diagram (Izumofleet formula). [Figure 15] D-fructose, a hexose ketose, and D-sorbitol, a polyol, are taken from Figure 5, which shows the basic rules of the Izumofleet formula. (A) shows D-fructose displayed in the Fischer projection formula, (B) shows D-fructose displayed in a pattern diagram (Izumofleet formula), (C) shows D-sorbitol displayed in the Fischer projection formula, and (D) shows D-sorbitol displayed in a pattern diagram (Izumofleet formula). [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the enantiomeric isomers of glucose and fructose according to the display method according to the present embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the isomerization reaction of D-glucose and D-fructose using a display method according to the present embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the process for producing D-allulose, D-allose, D-tagarose, and L-allulose from D-glucose using a display method according to the present embodiment. [Figure 19] 1 is a configuration diagram showing a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] 4 is a flowchart showing a display method according to the present embodiment. [Figure 21] The Izumoring diagram shows all monosaccharides with carbon numbers from 4 to 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] <Creating an "easy-to-understand structural formula" to help understand Izumoring> Most of the notations for monosaccharides in textbooks are based on the Fischer projection. The Fischer projection is a structural formula used to express the absolute configuration of asymmetric carbons. It was first used by Emil Fischer in 1891 to express the absolute configuration of sugars. The inventor has completed a simple notation for monosaccharides that is an extension of the Fischer projection after a long period of trial and error using circles and sticks. It has the advantage of being easy to use, as it expresses the structure of monosaccharides only with circles and sticks. Although the notation using circles and sticks is not officially recognized, we can propose a notation for monosaccharides that is necessary to help understand Izumoring. In this invention, we named this notation the Izumofleet formula.

[0020] <Izumo Fleet structural formula> The targeted Izumo Fleet structural formula was determined to satisfy the following conditions: 1) Rare sugars can be represented by a circle ○ and a stick |. 2) It is useful for understanding Izumoring. 3) It is easy to write on a computer or by hand.

[0021] <Basic rules of Izumo Fleet structural formula> To make it easy for all researchers working with monosaccharides to understand the rules, Figure 5 shows the basic rules of the Izumofleet formula. Using D-glucose as an aldose, D-fructose as a ketose, and D-sorbitol as a polyol, the Izumofleet formula and Fischer projection formula are arranged vertically to show the basic rules. In the figure, the Fischer projection formula is broken down into CHO, C=O, OH-CH, HC-OH, and CH 2 Each OH symbol is accompanied by a corresponding "combination pattern of a circle, ○, and a bar, |."

[0022] This means that for each combination of carbon contained in sugar and the element other than carbon to which said carbon is bonded (hereinafter simply referred to as combination), a corresponding pattern is predetermined, and each corresponding pattern is shown. For example, the combination of an aldehyde group "CHO" corresponds to a pattern with a short vertical bar at the bottom of a circle, the combination of a ketone group "C=O" corresponds to a pattern with short vertical bars above and below a circle, the combination of "HO-CH" located in the middle of the chain in the Fischer projection corresponds to a pattern of the letter "T" with a bar protruding from it rotated 90 degrees clockwise, and the combination of "HC-OH" also located in the middle of the chain corresponds to a pattern of the letter "T" with a bar protruding from it rotated 270 degrees clockwise. Furthermore, the combination of "CH" located at the bottom of the Fischer projection corresponds to a pattern of the letter "T" with a bar protruding from it rotated 270 degrees clockwise. 2 The combination of "CH" and "OH" is a 180° rotated "T" pattern with the "CH" placed at the top in the Fisher projection. 2 Each combination of "OH" corresponds to a pattern that resembles the letter "T." In this way, the Izumo Fleet structural formula is a combination of the Fischer projection of a monosaccharide with each carbon and the element other than carbon to which it is bonded, namely CHO, C=O, OH-CH, HC-OH, and CH 2 The monosaccharide is divided into either OH or OH, and each combination is converted into a corresponding pattern of a combination of a circle ○ and a bar |. The converted patterns are then combined to form a pattern figure, which displays the monosaccharide in question.

[0023] In Figure 5, D-glucose, an aldose of a hexose, is represented by the Fischer projection formula: "CHO", "HC-OH", "HO-CH", "HC-OH", "HC-OH" and "CH 2 D-glucose can be divided into six combinations of "OH". When each combination that constitutes D-glucose is converted and each pattern is combined, D-glucose can be displayed as the pattern diagram (Izumo Fleet structural formula) shown in the figure. Similarly, D-fructose, a ketose hexose, is represented in the Fischer projection as "CH 2 OH", "C=O", "HO-CH", "HC-OH", "HC-OH" and "CH2 Since it can be divided into six combinations of "OH", it can be displayed as the pattern diagram (Izumo Fleet structural formula) shown in the figure. Furthermore, in the Fischer projection, D-sorbitol is represented as "CH 2 OH”, “HC-OH”, “HO-CH”, “HC-OH”, “HC-OH” and “CH 2 Since it can be divided into six combinations of "OH", it can be displayed as the pattern diagram (Izumo Fleet structural formula) shown in the figure.

[0024] <Izumo Fleet structural formula notation rules> FIG. 6 shows the principle of notation of the Izumo-Fried structural formula, which is a pattern figure, by comparing the Fischer projection formula and the Izumo-Fried structural formula for aldose, ketose, and polyol. The leftmost part of the upper row is D-glucose displayed in the Fischer projection formula with carbon C included, and to the right of that is D-glucose displayed in the Fischer projection formula with carbon C omitted, and the rightmost part is a pattern figure (Izumo-Fried structural formula), that is, D-glucose displayed by the display method according to this embodiment. The Fischer projection formula is a structural formula used to express the absolute stereoconfiguration of asymmetric carbons, and is displayed as a chain formula with or without asymmetric carbons, or as a chain formula with hydrogen H omitted, but it must be a vertical chain. The leftmost part in the middle row is D-fructose displayed in the Fischer projection formula with carbon C included, and to the right of that is D-fructose displayed in the Fischer projection formula with carbon C omitted, and the rightmost part is a pattern diagram (Izumo-Fried structural formula), i.e., D-fructose displayed using the display method according to this embodiment. The leftmost part of the lower row shows D-glycitol and D-sorbitol displayed in the Fischer projection formula with carbon C included, and to the right of that are D-glycitol and D-sorbitol displayed in the Fischer projection formula with carbon C omitted, and the rightmost part is a pattern figure (Izumo-Friet structural formula), i.e., D-glycitol and D-sorbitol displayed by the display method according to this embodiment.

[0025] <Characteristics of Izumo Fleet structural formula> The characteristics of Izumoring were demonstrated by showing the reactions that appear in it using the Izumo Fleet structural formula. 1) The isomerase reaction and the ketose 3-epimerase reaction are shown in Figure 7. In the figure, the isomerase reaction is shown on the left and the ketose 3-epimerase reaction is shown on the right. It can be seen that it can be easily shown in a small space. 2) The polyol dehydrogenase reaction is shown in FIG. In the diagram, the oxidation reaction of D-sorbitol produces D-fructose when C-2 in the left-hand formula is oxidized, while L-sorbose is produced when C-5 in the right-hand formula is oxidized. The oxidation reaction from D-sorbitol to L-sorbose is depicted in the Fischer projection in Figure 9. Comparing this Fischer projection with the Izumo-Fleet structural formula, it is clear that by displaying the chemical structural formula of monosaccharides, including rare sugars, in a pattern, the monosaccharides can be intuitively or easily understood. That is, this "sorbose fermentation" is written with L-sorbose reversed depending on the up-down direction of D-sorbitol. On the other hand, in the Izumo Fleet structural formula, D-sorbitol can be easily written upside down, making the structure of L-sorbose easier to understand. As shown in Figure 10, which corresponds to the Izumo Fleet structural formula, C-1 to C-6 in the Izumo Fleet structural formula when D-sorbitol is rotated 180° are shown as white circles 1 to 3 and black circles 3 to 6. This is a notation method that makes it easy to understand that C-1 and C-6 are reversed upside down.

[0026] <Understanding the new simple notation Izumoring> One of the goals of the new simple notation method of the present invention is to be effective in understanding Izumoring. In order to understand Izumoring, it is important to know how to represent polyol. Figure 11 shows the oxidation reaction of L-talitol (=L-allitol) described in the IzumoFleet structural formula, as well as the structure and name of the product. In the figure, L-allitol is rotated 180 degrees to become L-talitol. Polyol dehydrogenase oxidizes the C-2 position and converts them to L-allulose and L-tagatose, respectively. The Izumo-Fleet structural formula is easier to understand than the Fischer projection formula. As described above, the Izumo Fleet structural formula satisfies the following objectives: (a) rare sugars can be expressed with circles and sticks, (b) it is useful for understanding Izumoring, and (c) it is easy to write on a PC or by hand.

[0027] <Use of Izumo Fleet structural formula> The reaction for producing L-glucose from D-glucose using Izumoring was described using the IzumoFleet structural formula, as shown in Figure 12. As can be seen from the diagram, the isomerase reaction, the ketose 3-epimerase reaction, and the redox reaction can be easily depicted. It is clear that the Fischer projection notation is too complicated to be compactly depicted.

[0028] <Reviewing the features of Izumo Fleet structural formula notation> The features of the IzumoFleet structural formula notation method are reconfirmed in the production reaction of L-glucose from D-glucose using Izumoring. As shown in Figure 13, the conversion process from D-allulose to L-allulose clearly demonstrates the advantages of the Izumo Fleet structural formula. In the figure, the positions of carbon atoms 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of D-allulose are indicated by numbers. C-2 of D-allulose is reduced to produce allitol, which is then rotated 180° and C-5 is oxidized to produce L-allulose. By showing this reaction in the IzumoFleet structural formula, the overall reaction can be easily shown. It can be clearly seen that the 1st carbon of D-allulose becomes the 6th carbon of the produced L-allulose. Since the above reaction is located in the middle of the production of L-glucose in this route of Izumoring, it can be seen that the 1st carbon of D-glucose becomes the 6th carbon of the produced L-glucose. Reactions that would be too complicated to express using the Fischer projection formula can be easily expressed using the Izumo-Fleet structural formula, allowing for a deeper understanding of the reaction.

[0029] <Summary> As described above, a new and simple structural notation for monosaccharides has been described as the Izumo Fleet structural formula. The inventors are currently using this Izumo Fleet structural formula to discuss research plans and experimental results. There have been no particular problems so far, and the number of people using it is increasing. The Izumo Fleet structural formula notation is currently in a "limited position" as one of the simple ways of expressing the Fischer projection formula. It is being proven to be effective at least within Kagawa University. We would like it to be used not only by many researchers, but also by high school and university students.

[0030] The method of displaying monosaccharides according to the present invention will be described in more detail below. Note that monosaccharides refer to a total of 59 monosaccharides, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols. In this embodiment, monosaccharides are divided into combinations of each carbon and an element other than the carbon to which the carbon is bonded, and each combination is converted into a corresponding pattern, and the converted patterns are combined to form a pattern figure to display the monosaccharide. As described above, in the present invention, this notation method is named the Izumofleet formula.

[0031] Figure 14 shows D-glucose, an aldose hexose, taken from Figure 5, which shows the basic rules of the Izumofleet formula, with (A) D-glucose displayed in the Fischer projection and (B) D-glucose displayed in a pattern diagram (Izumofleet formula). When D-glucose displayed in the Fischer projection is divided into combinations of each carbon and the element other than carbon to which it is bonded, it is divided into "CHO", "HC-OH", "HO-CH", "HC-OH", "HC-OH" and "CH 2 OH" can be divided into six combinations.

[0032] The lower part of Fig. 5 shows the details of the corresponding pattern diagrams for each combination of a carbon contained in a monosaccharide and an element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded, as shown in the upper part of Fig. 5. Fig. 5 shows the correspondence relationship between the combination of each carbon contained in a sugar and an element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded, and the patterns, where a corresponding pattern is predetermined for each combination of the carbon and an element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded. (A) The combination of aldehyde groups "CHO" corresponds to a circle with a short vertical bar at the bottom. (B) The combination of ketone groups "C=O" corresponds to a circle with short vertical bars above and below. (C) The combination "HO-CH" located in the middle of the chain in the Fischer projection corresponds to the letter "T" with a bar protruding from it rotated 90 degrees clockwise, and (D) the combination "HC-OH" also located in the middle of the chain corresponds to the letter "T" with a bar protruding from it rotated 270 degrees clockwise. Furthermore, (E) "CH 2 The combination of "CH" and "OH" corresponds to the letter "T" rotated 180 degrees and placed at the top in the Fischer projection (F) "CH" and "OH" correspond ... 2 The combination "OH" corresponds to a pattern that resembles the letter "T."

[0033] From Figure 5, which shows the basic rules of the Izumofleet formula, D-fructose, a ketose hexose, and D-sorbitol, a polyol, are taken out. (A) shows D-fructose displayed in the Fischer projection, and (B) shows D-fructose displayed in a pattern diagram (Izumofleet formula). FIG. 15 shows D-sorbitol represented by the Fischer projection in (C) and D-sorbitol represented by a pattern diagram (Izumo Fleet structural formula) in (D). D-fructose, as shown in the Fischer projection, is 2 OH", "C=O", "HO-CH", "HC-OH", "HC-OH" and "CH 2 Since the hydroxyl group can be divided into six combinations of CHOH, it can be displayed as the pattern shown in (B). Furthermore, D-sorbitol, displayed in the Fischer projection, can be displayed as the pattern shown in (C). 2 OH”, “HC-OH”, “HO-CH”, “HC-OH”, “HC-OH” and “CH 2 Since the lattice structure can be divided into six combinations of "OH", it can be displayed as the pattern shown in (D).

[0034] 16(A) to 16(D) show the mirror isomers of glucose and fructose displayed by the display method according to this embodiment. In this way, by displaying the mirror isomers by the display method according to this embodiment, it is possible to intuitively and easily grasp the difference in the configuration of the mirror isomers.

[0035] Moreover, Fig. 17 is a diagram showing the isomerization reaction between D-glucose and D-fructose, using the display method according to this embodiment, which is an extracted version of the Isomerase reaction that appears in the Izumoring of Fig. 7. In this way, by displaying the isomerization reaction using the display method according to this embodiment, it is possible to intuitively and easily grasp how and which parts of D-glucose and D-fructose have changed in the isomerization reaction between D-glucose and D-fructose.

[0036] FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a synthetic route for producing D-allulose, D-allose, D-tagarose, and L-allulose from D-glucose, displayed by the display method according to this embodiment. By displaying the organic compounds in the synthetic route from the starting material (D-glucose) to a predetermined product (D-allulose, D-allose, D-tagarose, and L-allulose) by the display method according to this embodiment, it is possible to easily understand how the organic compounds have changed before and after the chemical reaction. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 18, in the reaction in which D-fructose is converted to D-allulose by epimerase, it is easy to understand that the hydroxyl group (OH) at the third position (C3 position) has been epimerized.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a total of 34 monosaccharides, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols, in the Izumoring of hexose in the Izumoring showing a rare sugar production strategy (a linkage diagram connecting all monosaccharides with different carbon numbers according to the production process and molecular structure (D-type, L-type)). The Izumoring summarizes the reaction pathways of epimerization, oxidation, isomerization, and reduction reactions of 4-carbon, 5-carbon, and 6-carbon monosaccharides (see FIG. 21). Since there are 34 types of monosaccharides in the Izumoring of hexose, even if sugars are expressed by the Fischer projection, it is difficult to display them on a single screen (or a single piece of paper), and there is a problem that it is difficult for an observer to understand each reaction. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 3, by displaying the organic compounds in the Izumoring using the display method according to the present embodiment, the Izumoring can be displayed on a single screen (or a single piece of paper), which makes it easier for an observer to understand each reaction.

[0038] Next, a display device having a program capable of executing the organic compound display method according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 19 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of a display device 1 according to the present embodiment. The display device 1 according to the present embodiment has a processing device 10, a storage device 20, and a display 30. In the present embodiment, the storage device 20 stores a program for executing the organic compound display method according to the present embodiment, and the processing device 10 reads out and executes the program. Based on the program, the processing device 10 converts the chemical structural formula of the organic compound into a pattern figure of the organic compound display method according to the present embodiment, and displays it on the display 30.

[0039] 20 is a flowchart showing a method for displaying an organic compound according to this embodiment. The method for displaying an organic compound according to this embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, in step S1, the processing device 10 acquires a chemical structural formula of an organic compound. For example, the processing device 10 can acquire the chemical structural formula of an organic compound by acquiring image data showing the chemical structural formula of the organic compound displayed in the Fischer projection format.

[0040] In step S2, the processing device 10 performs a process of dividing the chemical structure of the organic compound obtained in step S1 into combinations of each carbon and the element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded. For example, since D-glucose is a hexose, the combinations are "CHO", "HC-OH", "HO-CH", "HC-OH", "HC-OH" and "CH 2 OH" can be divided into six combinations.

[0041] In step S3, a pattern corresponding to each combination divided in step S2 is selected by the processing device 10. Note that the correspondence between each combination and a pattern is stored in advance in the storage device 20 as shown in Fig. 2, and the processing device 10 can select a pattern corresponding to each combination by referring to the correspondence stored in the storage device 20.

[0042] In step S4, the processing device 10 generates a pattern graphic representing an organic compound by sequentially combining the patterns selected in step S3 from the first position (position C1) to the nth position (position Cn). Then, in step S5, the processing device 10 displays on the display 30 the pattern graphic of the organic compound generated in step S4.

[0043] As described above, in this embodiment, the combination of each carbon contained in an organic compound and an element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded is patterned, and the patterns are combined and displayed, thereby allowing an observer to intuitively and easily grasp the organic compound, as compared with a case where the organic compound is displayed by a chemical structural formula such as a Fischer projection formula. Furthermore, in the display method of an organic compound according to this embodiment, the configuration of an asymmetric carbon can be expressed in the same way as the Fischer projection formula.

[0044] Furthermore, in the organic compound display method according to the present embodiment, the display space for displaying the organic compound can be saved by converting the chemical structural formula of the organic compound into a simple pattern, so that the ease of viewing and understanding of a complex synthetic route of the organic compound can be improved. Also, since the display space for displaying the organic compound can be saved, for example, a synthetic route that could not be displayed on one screen (or one piece of paper) can be displayed on one screen (or one piece of paper).

[0045] Although several embodiments have been described in detail in the present disclosure merely by way of example, many modifications can be made thereto without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantageous effects of the present invention.

[0046] For example, in the above embodiment, the processing device 10 acquires the chemical structural formula of an organic compound as image data, and converts the chemical structural formula of the organic compound into a pattern and displays it, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and for example, when "D-glucose" is input as text, the processing device 10 may convert the chemical structural formula into a pattern corresponding to the text information and display it. Also, the processing device 10 may be configured to prepare pattern image data in advance in the storage device 20, in which a plurality of organic compounds are patterned, and the user may select the pattern image data as appropriate.

[0047] In the above-described embodiment, a display device having a program capable of executing the organic compound display method according to the present embodiment has been described. However, the organic compound display method according to the present embodiment is not limited to a display device and can also be applied to, for example, educational materials, toys, books, printed matter, etc. that display organic compounds using the display method.

[0048] Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, sugar is used as an example of an organic compound, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration and can be applied to organic compounds other than sugar.

[0049] <Izumo Ring Plate Using the Izumo Fleet Structural Formula> For the total of 34 monosaccharides, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols, which are 6-carbon sugars that make up the Izumoring, the Fischer projection formulas of CHO, C=O, OH-CH, HC-OH, and CH 2The Izumoring board is characterized in that the combination of each carbon that is either OH or OH and the element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded is patterned with a combination of circles, bars, and bars, and any of these patterns are combined to form a pattern structural formula corresponding to the Fischer projection formula of one monosaccharide, and the pattern structural formula is arranged vertically to display the hexose that constitutes the Izumoring on the Izumoring. The Izumoring board in FIG. 2 can be used as an Izumoring quick reference board for learning monosaccharide structural formulas. This is a learning material for monosaccharide structural formulas in which the Izumoring board is set so that it can rotate 360° on a flat surface. FIG. 1 shows a top view of the Izumoring quick reference board in which the above-mentioned Izumoring board is rotatably sandwiched between three rectangular pieces of cardboard paper that are narrower than the diameter of the board but longer than the diameter. The middle paper of the three pieces of paper has a cutout so that the Izumoring board can be rotatably fitted in it. This teaching material was devised to help people understand the principle of Izumoring and the structure of rare sugars using the Izumo Fleet structural formula. We are now in the digital age, and there are many teaching materials that use smartphones and the like. In the midst of all this, we have created an outdated analog teaching material using cardboard. Hold it in your hand and rotate the structure with your fingertips. Keep it on your desk at all times and have discussions based on the structure. It would be good to have teaching materials like that. Spin it around and have fun.

[0050] This article shows how to find the molecular structure of rare sugars using a finder. (I)1) Aldoses are located on the outside of the circle and there are 16 pink ones. 2) Ketoses are located in the center circle and there are 8 kinds. 3) Polyols are made by combining ketoses and there are 10 polyols inside. Rotate the circle with your fingertip to find the rare sugar you are looking for. (II) Find ways to make rare sugars. 1) Move the target rare sugar into the circle. 2) Identify the enzymes that bond the rare sugar to the surrounding sugars. Isomerase (slightly thinner solid line) bonds aldoses and ketoses. Dehydrogenase (dotted line) bonds ketoses and polyols. Ketose 3-epimerase (thick solid line) bonds ketoses with ketoses. 3) Identify the enzymes and find the most suitable pathway. (III) Enjoy the Izumoring chart. Just rotate your finger to see the molecular structures of many rare sugars.

Claims

1. A method for displaying monosaccharides using a computer, comprising the steps of: A method for displaying monosaccharides, comprising the steps of: for a total of 59 monosaccharides, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols having 4, 5, and 6 carbon atoms, patterning any of the combinations of carbon atoms constituting the Fischer projection formula and an element other than the carbon to which the carbon is bonded, namely, CHO, C=O, OH-C-H, H-C-OH, and CH2OH, with combinations of circles and bars | as shown in (A) to (F) below; combining any of these patterns to obtain a pattern structural formula corresponding to the Fischer projection formula of one monosaccharide; and displaying the pattern structural formula vertically on a display device connected to the computer. Note (A) The combination of aldehyde groups "CHO" corresponds to the pattern of a circle with a short vertical line at the bottom. (B) A combination consisting of a ketone group "C=O" corresponds to a pattern of a circle with short vertical bars above and below it. (C) In the Fischer projection, the combination "HO-C-H" located in the middle of the chain corresponds to the letter "T" with a protruding bar rotated 90 degrees clockwise. (D) The combination "H-C-OH" located in the middle of the chain also corresponds to the letter "T" with a protruding bar rotated 270 degrees clockwise. (E) Furthermore, the combination of "CH 2 OH" placed at the bottom in the Fischer projection corresponds to the pattern of the letter "T" rotated 180 degrees, (F) The combination "CH 2 OH" placed at the top in the Fischer projection corresponds to a pattern like the letter "T."

2. 2. The method for displaying monosaccharides according to claim 1, wherein the monosaccharides are 34 types of hexoses in total, including 16 types of aldoses, 8 types of ketoses, and 10 types of sugar alcohols constituting Izumoring (registered trademark).

3. 3. The method for displaying monosaccharides according to claim 1, wherein the pattern structural formula displays a hexose constituting Izumoring (registered trademark).

4. Using a computer, a total of 34 monosaccharides, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols, which are 6-carbon sugars that make up Izumoring (registered trademark), are calculated using the Fischer projection formulas of CHO, C=O, OH-C-H, H-C-OH, and CH ２ This program realizes the function of patterning the combination of each carbon that is either OH or an element other than carbon to which the carbon is bonded using a combination of circles, circles, and bars, combining any of these patterns to create a pattern structural formula corresponding to the Fischer projection formula of a monosaccharide, and displaying the pattern structural formula vertically on a display device the hexose that constitutes Izumoring (registered trademark).

5. The 34 monosaccharides in total, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols, which are 6-carbon sugars that make up Izumoring®, are represented by the Fischer projection formulas of CHO, C═O, OH—C—H, H—C—OH, and CH ２ A display device which patterns the combination of each carbon that is either OH or an element other than carbon to which said carbon is bonded with a combination of circles, circles, and bars |, combines any of these patterns to form a pattern structural formula corresponding to the Fischer projection formula of a monosaccharide, and displays on a display the hexose that constitutes Izumoring (registered trademark) by vertically displaying said pattern structural formula.

6. The 34 monosaccharides in total, including aldoses, ketoses, and polyols, which are 6-carbon sugars that make up Izumoring®, are represented by the Fischer projection formulas of CHO, C═O, OH—C—H, H—C—OH, and CH ２ The Izumoring (registered trademark) board is characterized in that the combination of each carbon that is either OH or an element other than carbon to which said carbon is bonded is patterned using a combination of circles (○) and bars (|), any of these patterns are combined to form a pattern structural formula corresponding to the Fischer projection formula of one monosaccharide, and the pattern structural formula is arranged vertically to display the hexose that constitutes Izumoring (registered trademark) on the Izumoring.

7. A learning material for monosaccharide structural formulas, comprising the Izumoring (registered trademark) disk according to claim 6.

8. 8. The learning material for monosaccharide structural formulas according to claim 7, wherein the Izumoring (registered trademark) plate is provided so as to be rotatable 360° on a plane.

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