How charcoal is made

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing charcoal, comprising the following steps: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, to a pyrolysis unit, where the wood chips are pyrolyzed to form a total stream having solid, liquid and gaseous materials; b) feeding the total stream and a gasifying agent to an oxidation unit, where the total stream is at least partially oxidized and aerated; c) feeding the partially oxidized total stream from the oxidation unit to an essentially vertically arranged reduction unit, where a material outlet of the oxidation unit is connected to the reduction unit, and where the cross section of the reduction unit increases with increasing distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit, and where the flow rate of the total stream in the reduction unit is adapted to the shape of the material of the total stream and the cross section of the flow of the reduction unit so as to form a stable packed bed maintained in suspension in the reduction unit; d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via a drain; e) separating the gaseous components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal; and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing charcoal and to the charcoal obtainable by this process. [Background technology]

[0002] Charcoal is produced by pyrolysis, essentially by heating wood in the absence of air: in known processes according to the prior art, the wood is first heated and dried and then subjected to pyrolysis at higher temperatures to gasify the gaseous and liquid components of the wood, leaving charcoal as a residue at the end of the pyrolysis process.

[0003] The carbon content in the final charcoal varies depending on the quality of the biomass used. For particularly high quality and high carbon content charcoal, currently slow-growing tropical wood must be used in some cases. High carbon content can only be achieved by carbonizing pure wood, and a carbon content of up to 80% by weight is achievable in the final charcoal by energy-intensive carbonization methods. If the bark or periderm is also present during carbonization, the carbon content of the final charcoal will be significantly lower.

[0004] Furthermore, charcoal produced by known methods has particles of various sizes with diameters ranging from a few millimeters to a fraction of a centimeter. Such a size distribution is not suitable for many application areas, where small particles with a homogeneous size distribution are required.

[0005] Methods for producing thermal energy from biomass by multi-stage gasification processes are disclosed, for example, in EP2479244A2 and US2010 / 095592A1. In these documents, biomass is converted into combustible gas in a three-stage gasification process including a pyrolysis unit, an oxidation unit and a reduction unit. When doing this, coke or ash can be removed from the process as a by-product. However, the coke thus removed has significant disadvantages in terms of the absence of pollutants, particle size and also carbon content. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] EP 2 479 244 A2 [Patent Document 2] US 2010 / 095592 A1 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing charcoal with a very high carbon content and a very low contaminant content, which allows the use of low quality biomass. Furthermore, the final charcoal should have a homogeneous size distribution in the submm range. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The object is to provide a method for producing charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, to a pyrolysis unit, which pyrolyzes the wood chips into a total stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous materials; b) feeding the total stream and a gasifying agent to an oxidation unit, where the total stream is at least partially oxidized and aerated; c) feeding the partially oxidized total flow from the oxidation unit to an essentially vertically arranged reduction unit, the material outlet of which is connected to the reduction unit, the cross section of which increases with increasing distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit, the flow rate of the total flow in the reduction unit being adapted to the shape of the material of the total flow and the cross section of the flow of the reduction unit in such a way that a stable fixed bed maintained in suspension in the reduction unit is formed, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via a drain; e) separating the gas components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal; f) quenching the collected charcoal with water, a dry matter content of carbon in the range from 68 to 95%, preferably from 75 to 93%, particularly preferably from 80 to 92%, a dry matter content of ash in the range from 4 to 18%, preferably from 5 to 13%, particularly preferably from 6 to 10%, a mass percentage of water in the range from 5 to 50%, preferably from 10 to 40%, particularly preferably from 15 to 35%, and preferably 200-400m 2 / g internal surface area The steps This is achieved by a method comprising:

[0009] In doing this, in step c) a stable fluidized fixed bed is formed from the partially oxidized total flow of coke. This means that the coke bed "floats" in the pyrolysis gas flow in the reduction unit, since the pressing force of the fixed bed is approximately in equilibrium with that of the rinsing pyrolysis gas flow. As a result, also due to the long retention time of the pyrolysis gas, the pressure loss in the coke bed is negligible and the conversion of pollutants is efficient.

[0010] Using such a process, average particle sizes d in the range of 30 to 300 μm, preferably 40 to 250 μm, particularly preferably 50 to 100 μm, are obtained. 50 Charcoal having the following structure can be produced:

[0011] Surprisingly, it has been found that this process allows wood chips, which constitute the lowest quality waste material in the wood manufacturing industry, to be converted into high quality charcoal with a uniform particle size.

[0012] In a preferred variant embodiment, the gas components are separated in a hot gas filter with the aid of a porous ceramic at temperatures between 250 and 600 ° C. By using a hot gas filter, pollutants formed during the thermochemical process, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are prevented from condensing on the charcoal. Due to the absence of pollutants, the pure charcoal thus produced is therefore subject to various approvals and regulations.

[0013] In a further variant embodiment, the charcoal may have a mass percentage of water in the range from 20 to 50%, preferably from 25 to 40%, particularly preferably from 28 to 35%.

[0014] In addition, charcoal is 200 to 400 m 2 / g of internal surface area.

[0015] The charcoal thus produced may be further processed in a variety of processes.

[0016] Thus, according to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for producing charcoal briquettes for barbecues, characterized in that the charcoal is provided by the method according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: dosing the charcoal into the briquetting line, whereby homogenization of the charcoal occurs in the dosing system; mixing the homogenized charcoal with a binder and preferably with additives in a mixing device, pre-compressing the charcoal / binder / additive mixture in a pre-compressor by rollers for 1 to 30 minutes, preferably for 2 to 20 minutes, particularly preferably for 3 to 10 minutes, briquetting the pre-compressed charcoal / binder / additive mixture in a hydraulic roller briquetting plant, in which the mixture is guided over at least two rollers with forming cavities with a contact pressure of 1 to 12 bar, preferably 1.5 to 9 bar, particularly preferably 2 to 7 bar, drying the charcoal briquettes in a convection dryer at a drying temperature of 50 to 140 ° C, preferably 65 to 110 ° C, particularly preferably 75 to 105 ° C; Packaging the dried charcoal briquettes in a filling plant. A method is provided, comprising:

[0017] In this case, the time required for precompression can be adjusted by applying more power, i.e., faster roller speed, and the drying temperature can be minimized by applying a higher air blowing power.

[0018] The binder may preferably be from the group of recycled vegetable oils or fats, starches, e.g. rye or corn, sugar liquids, e.g. sugar beet or sugar cane molasses and cellulosics, and may have a mass percentage of 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15%, particularly preferably 2 to 10%, based on the dry matter of the charcoal briquette.

[0019] The additives may be selected from the group of calcium compounds, alumina, gum arabic and clay minerals and may have a mass percentage of 0-10%, preferably 0.5-8%, particularly preferably 1-5%, based on the dry matter of the charcoal briquette.

[0020] In principle, additives are optionally added to improve certain properties of the barbecue charcoal, such as ignition behavior and strength.

[0021] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing activated charcoal, characterized in that the charcoal is provided by the method according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: - dosing the charcoal in an activation unit and carrying out homogenization of the charcoal in the dosing system; Activation of the homogenized charcoal in an activation unit with an activating agent, preferably water vapor or carbon dioxide, at a temperature of 600-1100 ° C, preferably 700-1000 ° C, particularly preferably 800-950 ° C, for 5-180 min, preferably 10-120 min, particularly preferably 15-90 min, the conversion of activating agent being chosen such that the conversion is 0.1-2 g, preferably 0.3-1.8 g, particularly preferably 0.4-1.6 g per gram of charcoal, Activated charcoal finishing step, Packaging the final activated charcoal in a filling plant The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of:

[0022] The charcoal of the present invention has a shelf life of approximately 200-400 m even before activation. 2 This offers the advantage over fossil coal, which is typically used for activation, of having an internal surface area of ​​100 nm / g, which in contrast does not have a large internal surface area.

[0023] After activation, the charcoal is preferably heated to approximately 1000 m 2 / g of internal surface area.

[0024] The second essential parameter of activated coal is the pore size, where micro-, meso- and macro-pores are distinguished. The activated charcoal according to the present invention can have its pore structure specifically adjusted to its application. For example, the activated charcoal can be produced with a preferred micro-, or a preferred meso-, or a preferred macro-structure.

[0025] During finishing, the activated charcoal is preferably made into granules or other forms such as pellets, and can also be used, for example, as powdered activated charcoal.

[0026] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of industrial charcoal, in particular an aggregate for concrete or a secondary raw material for the metal processing industry, characterized in that the charcoal is provided by the method according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: - introducing the charcoal into a processing unit; - dividing the charcoal in a classification unit, in which the charcoal is divided according to particle size into coarse, medium and fine fractions, the coarse fraction having a particle size of 0.4-10 mm, preferably 0.3-6 mm, particularly preferably 0.25-4 mm, the medium fraction having a particle size of 100-400 μm, preferably 75-300 μm, particularly preferably 50-250 μm, and the fine fraction having a particle size of 0-100 μm, preferably 0-75 μm, particularly preferably 0-50 μm, - processing the charcoal divided according to fractions to form compacts or fine materials in a compression or grinding unit, where after the grinding process the fine charcoal is fed back to a classification unit for division; - Finishing the compressed industrial charcoal, Packaging the finished industrial charcoal in a filling plant The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of:

[0027] During finishing, compacts and agglomerates, such as briquettes, pellets and granules, can be produced from the charcoal.

[0028] During finishing, the charcoal may be preferably impregnated with minerals such as, for example, potassium, sodium and calcium salts.

[0029] In the filling plant, the packaging may be selected from the group of kraft paper, cardboard, cloth bags and plastic packaging.

[0030] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing insulation material, in which charcoal is produced by the methods already mentioned and mixed with raw materials for insulation material. This mixture is then processed into insulation material. Typical raw materials for insulation material are plastics such as polystyrene, polyurethane, formica or other materials known in the insulation industry, such as wood wool. These materials are added with charcoal before final processing and processed as known (e.g. foamed).

[0031] Such a procedure may result in a lighter weight insulation material and possibly also improve mechanical stability and enhance fire properties.

[0032] Further advantages and details of the invention are explained below with the aid of the drawings and illustrations. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0033] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates the individual steps of a method for producing charcoal. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows the processing into charcoal briquettes for barbecue. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 illustrates the production of activated carbon. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows the production of industrial charcoal as aggregate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0034] Fluidized bed technology describes a new method in the thermochemical gasification of biomass. The fluidized bed reactor describes a unique reactor design and its operation. The process is diagrammed in Figure 1.

[0035] Similar gasification concepts exhibit clear disadvantages in terms of their scalability. Furthermore, fluidized bed gasification involves problems, for example, related to the tar concentration in the product gas, and fluidized bed systems involve problems due to compression of the fuel and exchange between solid and gas phases.

[0036] The concept of the floating fixed bed reactor consists in constructing a structured bed of fuel suspended in the inlet gas stream of pyrolysis and oxidation. With only the relative motion of the fuel particles in the fluidized bed, without uncontrolled particle motion in the reduction zone, a relatively long gas residence time can be achieved, which results in a low tar concentration in the product gas. Such low tar concentration and the unique operational control of the fluidized bed reactor result in a very high quality and "pure" charcoal, which is discharged from the process as a by-product. Meanwhile, the technology has been demonstrated to avoid the problems of similar gasification technologies with over 100,000 hours of operation in commercial plants.

[0037] As shown in Fig. 1, during the gasification process, biomass, in particular wood chips, is first fed into a pyrolysis unit, where a total flow of solid, liquid and gaseous materials is generated. The total flow is then partially oxidized and aerated in an oxidation unit with the aid of a gasifying agent. The partially oxidized total flow then enters a reduction or gasification unit, essentially conical in cross section, where a fluidized bed is formed. Through a drain, the raw charcoal arrives from the reduction unit to a filter unit, where separation of gas and charcoal is achieved through a hot gas filter. For energy recovery, the gas is then sent to a gas burner or gas motor, while the charcoal according to the invention can be further processed immediately after being quenched with water or can be directed to a filling station.

[0038] Additionally, the present invention relates to the processing and refining of the unique charcoal produced in the fluidized bed gasification process.

[0039] The particular characteristics of the charcoal obtained from the above process are: · The charcoal is produced by locally provided wood chips using the fluidized bed gasification technology. The wood chips are obtained from low-quality wood occurring during felling, thinning and harvesting of forests. The product line of wood chips is understood to consist of wood intended for the production of forest wood chips. It can consist of pruned or unpruned trunks, tops, branches and damaged whole trees. Despite the fact that the starting wood is not of very high quality, the technology used allows the production of particularly high-quality and contaminant-free charcoal. Among other things, the hot gas filters used play an important role here, since they prevent the condensation of defective PAHs on the charcoal that occurs during the thermochemical gasification of the biomass. In contrast to cold filtration, filtration above 250 °C prevents the gasification process from resulting in tar-contaminated coal, which according to legal limit values ​​is just waste. Furthermore, only pure, contaminant-free charcoal can be further processed into barbecue charcoal to the highest quality standards. The charcoal has a carbon content of 68-95% by weight, preferably 75-93% by weight, particularly preferably 80-92% by weight, based on the dry matter. The charcoal has an ash content of 4 to 18% by weight, preferably 5 to 13% by weight, particularly preferably 6 to 10% by weight, based on the dry matter. The charcoal is processed in a wet state and has a moisture content of 5-50% by weight, preferably 10-40% by weight, particularly preferably 15-35% by weight, based on the total mass. Water is added in the process of quenching the charcoal after hot gas filtration. In a further variant embodiment, the moisture content may also be 20-50% by weight, preferably 25-40% by weight, particularly preferably 28-35% by weight, based on the total mass. The charcoal has an average particle size d of 30 to 300 μm, preferably 40 to 250 μm, particularly preferably 50 to 200 μm. 50 It is considered to be powdered charcoal having the following properties.

[0040] Such charcoal with the composition as shown above and a carbon content of up to 95% by weight of dry matter can otherwise only be produced in a pure pyrolysis process. This is mainly due to the fact that in the subsequent gasification process, the charcoal continues to lose energy and is converted into gas. However, the efficiency of the fluidized bed gasification process allows the production of very high quality charcoal.

[0041] The processing of said charcoal according to the invention results in a method for producing high quality barbecue charcoal briquettes. The processing is carried out according to the process shown in FIG.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2, charcoal having the above mentioned characteristics is first fed into the briquetting line. For this purpose, the charcoal is put from its transport packaging into the container of the feeding system. In the feeding system, homogenization of the charcoal is carried out using conveying devices such as hydraulic cylinders, screw conveyors and conveyor belts. · Again via a conveying device, the homogenized charcoal reaches a mixing device, where the charcoal is mixed with a binder and possibly also with additives. To produce briquettes from charcoal, the addition of a binder is mandatory, since charcoal contains little or no malleable plastic material. In this case, the binder content is 0.5-20%, preferably 1-15%, particularly preferably 2-10% of the dry matter. Binders made of various starches (e.g. wheat, rye, corn), sugar liquids (e.g. cane molasses, beet molasses), cellulose compounds or, particularly preferably, recyclable vegetable oils or fats are used as binders. The use of vegetable oils or fats as binders is not found in the state of the art and is considered to allow an environmentally friendly use of recycled oils and fats. The proportion of additives is 0-10% of the dry matter, preferably 0.5-8%, particularly preferably 1-5%. For example, substances such as clay or alumina, calcium compounds, gum arabic or other clay minerals are used as additives. Said additives are optionally added to improve certain properties of the barbecue charcoal, for example the ignition behavior and strength. Furthermore, various odoriferous natural substances and non-carbonized materials may also be mixed as additives. Naturally, food-grade quality is essential for the additives used. · Again via a conveying device, the charcoal / binder / additive mixture reaches a pre-compressor, as shown in Figure 2, where the necessary mechanical stability of the charcoal briquettes is achieved. In doing so, the charcoal / binder / additive mixture is pre-compressed by rollers in a container. The compression time is 1-30 minutes, preferably 2-20 minutes, particularly preferably 3-10 minutes, and can be shortened by using power assistance, i.e. faster roller speeds. · Again via a conveying device, the pre-compressed charcoal / binder / additive mixture reaches a hydraulic roller briquetting plant, where the pre-compressed charcoal / binder / additive mixture is guided over at least two rollers with shaping cavities. When doing this, the contact pressure is adjusted to 1-12 bar, preferably 1.5-9 bar, particularly preferably 2-7 bar. In this case, the contact pressure must be significantly higher than for pyrolytic charcoal. This coal, obtained from a pure pyrolysis process, is much denser than the charcoal according to the invention, since the volatile components dissolve in the gasification step and therefore a lower pressure is required for compaction. Via a conveying device again, the briquette-formed, still moist charcoal briquettes reach a convection dryer, where the moist charcoal briquettes are applied in layers to an air-permeable conveyor belt and the drying temperature is adjusted to 50-140°C, preferably 65-110°C, particularly preferably 75-105°C. In this case, the level of the drying temperature is increased or decreased in accordance with the strength of the blowing power. Again via a conveying device, the dried charcoal briquettes reach a filling plant, where they are bagged in suitable packaging, e.g. kraft paper, cardboard, cloth bags or plastic packaging, and subsequently stored.

[0043] Further processing of the charcoal according to the invention is made possible by the method for producing high quality activated charcoal and the final activated charcoal. This method offers an environmentally friendly option for producing activated charcoal, the majority of which (approximately 80% of the activated charcoal produced worldwide) is produced from fossil coal. The remaining part of the activated charcoal is mostly composed of coconut shells. If at all, only charcoal made from hardwoods is processed into activated charcoal, which are usually tropical woods. In addition to the environmental aspect, the charcoal according to the invention is safe to use even before activation, after approximately 200-400 m 2 / g of internal surface area, whereas fossil coal does not show any activity.

[0044] The processing into activated charcoal is carried out according to the process shown in FIG. 3 and including the following steps: Analogous to the method for producing charcoal for barbecues, here too the charcoal according to the invention is first fed into an activation unit, in this case as shown in FIG. 3. For this purpose, the charcoal is again placed from the transport packaging into a container of the feeding system. Alternatively, the feeding of the charcoal can also take place directly from a running fluidized bed wood gasification process. In the feeding system, homogenization of the charcoal is carried out using conveying devices (e.g. hydraulic cylinders, screw conveyors and conveyor belts). · Again via a conveying device, the homogenized charcoal reaches the activation unit, where the charcoal is contacted with an activating agent, usually water vapor or carbon dioxide. As shown in FIG. 3, an activating agent, such as charcoal, is fed to the activation unit via a conveying device. The temperature in the activation unit ranges from 600 to 1100 ° C, preferably from 700 to 1000 ° C, particularly preferably from 800 to 950 ° C. According to the prior art, the activation temperature of normal coal is in the range from 1000 to 1100 ° C. If charcoal according to the invention is used, a lower temperature can be chosen, since the charcoal has already passed a gasification step. The activation time is from 5 to 180 minutes, preferably from 10 to 120 minutes, particularly preferably from 15 to 90 minutes. Furthermore, the specific conversion of activator per gram of charcoal is adjusted during activation to 0.1-2 g, preferably 0.3-1.8 g, particularly preferably 0.4-1.6 g. A gasification process also takes place during activation, so that wood gas is generated, as already in the case of the production of charcoal according to the invention. This wood gas obtained from the activation unit is actively utilized in a gas burner or gas motor. · Again via the conveying device, the activated charcoal is completed once it has been activated and post-processing steps are carried out on the activated charcoal. In doing so, compacts and agglomerates, such as pellets and granules, can be produced from the powdered activated charcoal. Furthermore, the powdered activated charcoal may be impregnated with various minerals and substances, such as potassium, sodium or calcium salts. Again via a conveying device, the final activated charcoal reaches a filling plant where it is bagged in suitable packaging such as kraft paper, cardboard, cloth bags or plastic packaging for subsequent storage.

[0045] The charcoal thus activated according to the present invention can be used for approximately 1000 m 2 / g internal surface area up to 2000m 2 Highly activated laboratory activated charcoal can be produced with an internal surface area of ​​1000 μg / g. The internal surface area of ​​activated charcoal is measured and evaluated using the BET (Brunauer-Emmert-Teller) method.

[0046] The second essential parameter for classification of activated carbon is pore size, where micro, meso and macro pores are distinguished.The activated carbon according to the present invention can be specifically adjusted in its pore structure to its application.For example, the activated carbon can be produced with a preferred micro, or a preferred meso, or a preferred macro structure.

[0047] The pore volume is measured using a process of nitrogen adsorption at approximately 71 K, and the evaluation of this process can be carried out based on the BJH (Barrett, Joyner and Halenda) method.

[0048] Further processing of the charcoal according to the invention results from the production of aggregates for the construction industry.

[0049] The processing is carried out according to the process shown in Figure 4: Firstly, the charcoal according to the invention is fed into a processing unit for industrial charcoal. When doing this, the charcoal is again transferred from the transport packaging into the container of the feeding system. Again via the conveying device, the charcoal reaches the classification unit, where it is split into different fractions for processing as industrial charcoal. The split is made into "coarse", "medium" and "fine fraction". The "coarse fraction" is in the range of approximately 0.4 to 10 mm, preferably approximately 0.3 to 6 mm, particularly preferably approximately 0.25 to 4 mm. The "middle fraction" is in the range of approximately 100 to 400 μm, preferably approximately 75 to 300 μm, particularly preferably approximately 50 to 250 μm. The "fine fraction" is in the range of approximately 0 to 100 μm, preferably approximately 0 to 75 μm, particularly preferably approximately 0 to 50 μm. After splitting, the industrial charcoal, again via a conveying device, reaches a compression or grinding unit, as shown in Figure 4, where the industrial charcoal can be processed into compacts or fine material depending on the desired product. In the case of compression, the compressed industrial charcoal is transported to finishing by a discharge device. In the case of the grinding process, the ground industrial charcoal is conveyed to classification by a discharge device. Again via the discharge device, the industrial charcoal then reaches the finishing, where post-processing steps are carried out. Molded bodies and agglomerates, such as briquettes, pellets and granules, can be produced from the industrial charcoal, which is usually in powder form. Furthermore, the industrial charcoal, which is usually in powder form, can be impregnated with various minerals and substances, such as potassium, sodium and calcium salts. Through the conveying device again, the final industrial charcoal finally reaches the filling plant, where the final industrial charcoal is bagged in suitable packaging such as kraft paper, cardboard, cloth bags or plastic packaging, and subsequently stored.

[0050] On the one hand, the use of charcoal as an aggregate in concrete allows for lighter concrete components due to the lower density of charcoal, on the other hand, the charcoal in the concrete provides insulation due to the reduced thermal conductivity, which also entails great advantages in terms of fire protection.

[0051] The use of charcoal as aggregate and in the metal processing industry is very reasonable because, unlike activated charcoal, charcoal is very unreactive. Therefore, the majority of coal used in this field is fossil. Therefore, the charcoal according to the present invention offers an environmentally friendly alternative to the fossil coal used.

Claims

1. A method for producing charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass to a pyrolysis unit, where the biomass is pyrolyzed into a total stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous materials; b) supplying the total stream and a gasifying agent to an oxidation unit, where the total stream is at least partially oxidized and aerated; c) feeding the partially oxidized total stream from the oxidation unit into an essentially vertically arranged reduction unit, the material outlet of which is connected to the reduction unit, the cross section of which increases with increasing distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit, the flow rate of the total stream in the reduction unit being adapted to the shape of the material of the total stream and the cross section of the flow of the reduction unit, so that a stable fixed bed maintained in suspension in the reduction unit is formed, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via a drain; e) separating gas components of the raw charcoal in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal, the gas components being separated in the hot gas filter at a temperature of 250-600° C.; and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water, wherein the charcoal is a dry matter content of carbon ranging from 68 to 95%; - ash dry matter content in the range of 4-18%; a mass percentage of water ranging from 5 to 50%; ・And 200 to 400 m ２ / g internal surface area The steps A method comprising:

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot gas filter comprises a porous ceramic.

3. A method for producing charcoal briquettes for barbecues, characterized in that the charcoal is provided by the method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps: - dosing the charcoal in a briquetting line, where homogenization of the charcoal occurs in the dosing system; - mixing the homogenized charcoal with a binder, during which further additives are added; - pre-compacting the charcoal / binder / additive mixture with rollers in a pre-compacter for 1 to 30 minutes; - briquetting the pre-compressed charcoal / binder / additive mixture in a hydraulic roller briquetting plant, directing the mixture over at least two rollers with forming cavities with a contact pressure of 1-12 bar, - drying the charcoal briquettes in a convection dryer at a drying temperature of 50-140°C; Packaging the dried charcoal briquettes in a filling plant. A method comprising:

4. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the binder is selected from the group of recycled vegetable oils or fats, starches, sugar solutions and cellulose compounds and has a mass percentage of 0.5 to 20% relative to the dry matter of the charcoal briquette.

5. 5. The method according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the additive is selected from the group of calcium compounds, alumina, gum arabic and clay minerals and has a mass percentage of 0 to 10% relative to the dry matter of the charcoal briquette.

6. A method for producing activated charcoal, characterized in that the charcoal is provided by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: - dosing the charcoal in an activation unit and carrying out homogenization of the charcoal in the dosing system; Activating the homogenized charcoal in the activation unit with an activating agent at a temperature between 600 and 1100°C for 5 to 180 minutes, the conversion of the activating agent being selected to be between 0.1 and 2 g per gram of charcoal, - finishing the activated charcoal; Packaging the final activated charcoal in a filling plant. A method comprising:

7. A method for producing industrial charcoal, characterized in that the charcoal is provided by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: - feeding the charcoal into a processing unit; - dividing the charcoal in a classification unit, the charcoal being divided according to particle size into coarse, medium and fine fractions, the coarse fraction having a particle size of more than 0.4 mm to 10 mm, the medium fraction having a particle size of 100 to 400 μm and the fine fraction having a particle size smaller than 100 μm, - processing the charcoal divided according to the fractions to form compacts or fine material in a compression or grinding unit, after the grinding process, the fine charcoal is fed back to the classification unit and divided; - finishing the compressed industrial charcoal; - packaging the finished industrial charcoal in a filling plant A method comprising:

8. 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that during finishing, compacts and agglomerates are produced from the charcoal.

9. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that during finishing, the charcoal is impregnated with minerals.

10. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that in the filling plant the packaging is selected from the group of kraft paper, cardboard, cloth bags and plastic packaging.

11. 4. A method for producing an insulating material, characterized in that charcoal is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, mixed with raw materials for insulating material and processed into insulating material.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises wood chips.

13. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the industrial charcoal is an aggregate for concrete or a secondary raw material for the metal processing industry.

14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the compacts and agglomerates are briquettes, pellets or granules.

15. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the minerals are potassium, sodium and calcium salts.

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