Repair method for rubble-stone structure and rubble-stone structure

Abstract

To provide a repair method for a rubble-type structure, capable of filling a loophole formed by the escape of a covering stone from a covering stone layer with a covering material of sufficient size and firmly engaging the covering material with the existing covering stones forming the inner surface of the loophole, and to provide a rubble-type structure constructed using the repair method. [Solution] A fabric formwork 6 capable of expanding into a three-dimensional form is laid in a sheet state within a loophole 5 in an encasing stone layer 3 that covers a base 2. Next, underwater concrete 7 in a fluid state is poured into the fabric formwork 6 to expand the fabric formwork 6. The fabric formwork 6 expanded by the underwater concrete 7 is used as a covering material to fill the loophole 5 and is allowed to penetrate between the existing encasing stones 3a that form the inner surface of the loophole 5.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a repair method for a rubble-type structure and a rubble-type structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Examples of rubble-rock structures include breakwaters and revetments. Rubble-rock structures are generally constructed by piling up rubble rock to build a base, and covering the slope of the base with an armoring stone layer, as shown in Patent Document 1. In this way, in rubble-rock structures, the armoring stone layer prevents the rubble rock from being sucked out of the base, and the stable structure protects against waves crashing in from the open sea.

[0003] In the armouring stone layer of the above-mentioned rubble-pile structure, armouring stones may fly off near the water surface. This is thought to be because the packing stones installed between the armouring stones fly off due to waves, making it impossible to ensure the stability of the armouring stones. If the armouring stones in the armouring stone layer are left to fly off, the rubble stones in the foundation will be sucked out, affecting the structure of the rubble-pile structure. For this reason, if armouring stones fly off from the armouring stone layer, repairs are carried out, and the general repair method is to use a ship from the sea to fill the repaired areas (within the holes in the armouring stones) with armouring material. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-139165 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, when the method of repairing loopholes in armouring stones is to fill the gaps with armouring material, it is not possible to insert armouring materials larger than the opening of the loophole into the loophole, and it is necessary to use relatively small armouring materials that can be inserted into the loophole. For this reason, armouring materials of this size cannot be fitted to the existing armouring stones that form the inner surface of the loophole. Furthermore, after the armouring stones have fallen out, it is difficult to fit the armouring materials to the existing armouring stones that form the inner surface of the loophole, and it is practically impossible to fit the armouring materials to the existing rubble stones by filling the gaps. For this reason, in rubble-type structures that have been repaired in this way, the armouring stone layer cannot be firmly integrated, and when waves come, the filled armouring materials will be sucked out and come out, making repairs necessary again.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its first objective is to provide a repair method for a rubble-type structure that can fill a loophole formed by the escape of an armoring stone from an armoring stone layer with armoring material of sufficient size and can firmly engage the armoring material with the existing armoring stones that form the inner surface of the loophole. The second objective is to provide a rubble-type structure constructed using the above repair method.

[0007] In order to achieve the first object, the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (7).

[0008] (1) A method for repairing a rubble-type structure in which a rubble-type foundation is covered with an armoring stone layer and a loophole is formed in the armoring stone layer due to the armoring stone coming out of the armoring stone layer, comprising the steps of: A flexible sheet formwork capable of expanding into a three-dimensional form is laid in the loophole in a non-three-dimensional state; Next, a hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet mold to inflate the flexible sheet mold with the hardening material; The flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material is filled into the loophole as a covering material, and is inserted between the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the loophole.

[0009] According to this configuration, the flexible sheet formwork is laid in the loophole in a non-three-dimensional state, and the flexible sheet formwork is inflated by injecting a fluidized hardening material into the flexible sheet formwork, so that the flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material can be inserted into the loophole as a form that is sufficiently large to exceed the opening of the loophole. Furthermore, by utilizing the fluidity (deformability) of the hardening material in the flexible sheet formwork, the flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material can be made to enter between (gap between) the existing covering stones while blending with the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the loophole, and after the hardening material hardens, the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardening material can be firmly engaged with the existing covering stones as a covering material. Therefore, a method for repairing a rubble-type structure can be provided in which a covering material of sufficient size can be filled into the loophole formed by the covering stones coming out of the covering stone layer, and the covering material can be firmly engaged with the existing covering stones. Of course, in this case, the covering material, which is a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material, can be filled into the loophole in a sufficient amount, so that the weight of the covering material can ensure stability.

[0010] (2) Under the configuration described in (1) above, As the fluidized hardened material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, an external force is applied to the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork, thereby pushing the flexible sheet formwork and the hardened material within the flexible sheet formwork between the existing covering stones.

[0011] According to this configuration, as the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the flexible sheet formwork expands, and by applying an external force to the expansion of the flexible sheet formwork, the flexible sheet formwork and the hardening material within the flexible sheet formwork can be actively and accurately guided between the existing encasing stones. Therefore, the covering material, which is the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardening material, can be more firmly fitted to the existing encasing stones.

[0012] (3) Under the configuration of (1) above, As the flexible sheet formwork, a form having a lower surface portion made of a breathable material and laid so as to cover the inner bottom surface of the hole, an upper surface portion located above the lower surface portion, and side portions which connect the peripheral portions of the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion to form an internal space and which contract so that the upper surface portion overlaps the lower surface portion when the hardening material is not yet injected into the internal space, When laying a flexible sheet formwork in the loophole, at least the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork is arranged so as to cover the entire bottom surface of the loophole; Next, as the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork is moved away from the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork while the side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is expanded, and the expanded side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is used to conform to the inner surface of the loophole.

[0013] According to this configuration, when laying the flexible sheet formwork in the loophole, the flexible sheet formwork is contracted so that its upper surface overlaps its lower surface (non-three-dimensional state) so that its lower surface covers at least the entire bottom surface of the loophole, and as the hardening material in a fluid state is poured into the flexible sheet formwork, the lower surface is pressed against the bottom surface of the loophole and becomes familiar with the bottom surface of the loophole as the material is poured, while the upper surface moves in a direction away from the lower surface, and as the material moves, the side surface rises up. As the side surface rises up, the side surface bulges outward, and the side surface is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the loophole and becomes familiar with the inner peripheral surface of the loophole. Therefore, after the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork has hardened, the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardened material not only makes it possible to easily and smoothly ensure the required size and weight of the covering material to be contained in the loophole, but also makes it possible for the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardened material to be engaged with the existing covering stones in the covering stone layer.

[0014] (4) Under the configuration of (1) above, A plurality of the flexible sheet forms are prepared, and for each of the flexible sheet forms, a step of laying the flexible sheet form in the loop hole and a step of injecting the hardening material in the fluid state are sequentially carried out to form a plurality of flexible sheet forms inflated with the hardening material in the loop hole; Adjacent flexible sheet formworks inflated with the hardening material are connected to each other by inserting connecting bars into the hardened material in both flexible sheet formworks, taking advantage of the fact that the hardened material in both flexible sheet formworks is still unhardened.

[0015] According to this configuration, a number of flexible sheet forms inflated with a hardening material can be housed in the loophole in an integrated state as a covering material, making it possible to appropriately repair loopholes of various sizes.

[0016] (5) Under the configuration of (1) above, Estimating the weight of the armor stone that has come out from within the loophole; The weight of the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork in the loophole is adjusted so that the weight is equal to or greater than the weight of the encasing stone that has escaped from the loophole.

[0017] According to this configuration, a flexible sheet formwork for storing the hardened material is used as the covering material, and by adjusting the amount of fluid hardened material injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the specific gravity of the hardened material, etc., the weight of the covering material can easily be made greater than the weight of the covering stone that has escaped from the loophole (required weight), thereby improving the stability of the covering stone layer.

[0018] (6) Under the configuration of (5) above, The weight of the hardening material in the flexible sheet form is determined by adjusting the specific gravity of the hardening material under a constant volume required for the inside of the loop hole.

[0019] With this configuration, even if the covering material (flexible sheet formwork for storing hardened material) to be filled into the loophole is in a state where a certain volume is required within the loophole, the weight of the covering material can be increased, and the installation stability of the covering material can be easily improved.

[0020] (7) In any one of the configurations (1) to (6), When the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork exposed from the loophole is unhardened, the stone attached with the anchor in an extended state is fixed to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork so as to cover the upper surface by inserting the anchor into the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork.

[0021] With this configuration, once the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork exposed from within the loophole hardens, the stone material will be fixed onto the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork, covering it, and the stone material on the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork will be able to blend in with the surrounding environment.

[0022] In order to achieve the second object, the present invention has the following configuration (8).

[0023] (8) In a rubble-type structure in which a covering stone layer is provided on a foundation constructed of rubble so as to cover the foundation, A flexible sheet formwork is provided on a portion of the covering stone layer and expanded by containing a hardening material; The flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material is inserted between the existing covering stones around the flexible sheet formwork, and the flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material and the existing covering stones are engaged with each other. The stone, with the anchors attached in an extended state to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork, is fixed by inserting the anchors through the flexible sheet formwork into the hardened material within the flexible sheet formwork.

[0024] This configuration makes it possible to provide a rubble-type structure that has been repaired by the above-mentioned method (1) or (7). Moreover, when constructing a rubble-type structure, if a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material in part of the covering stone layer is used from the beginning, a rubble-type structure with an increased strength covering stone layer can be quickly constructed. Effect of the Invention

[0025] According to the present invention, a method for repairing a rubble-type structure can be provided, in which a sufficient amount of covering material is filled into a loophole formed by the escape of an armoring stone from an armoring stone layer, and the covering material can be firmly engaged with the existing armoring stone forming the inner surface of the loophole. Also, a rubble-type structure constructed using the above repair method can be provided, and when a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material in part of the armoring stone layer is used from the beginning in constructing the rubble-type structure, a rubble-type structure with an increased strength of the armoring stone layer can be rapidly constructed. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] An explanatory diagram explaining a breakwater as a rubble rock structure. [Diagram 2]FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory diagram showing an example of a loophole for the armour stone formed in the armour stone layer in the breakwater of FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing the breakwater repair process according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the fabric form according to the first embodiment in a non-three-dimensional state (sheet-like state). [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating how the fabric form according to the first embodiment becomes three-dimensional. [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a process of installing a fabric formwork according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the underwater concrete injection process according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the installation process of the anchored stone according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which construction according to the first embodiment has been completed. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, a rubble-stone structure will be described. Rubble-stone structures include breakwaters, revetments, etc., and as an example, in this embodiment, a breakwater 1 as shown in Fig. 1 is shown. The breakwater 1 extends so as to separate the outside and inside of the port for the purpose of keeping the inside of the port calm from waves, and the breakwater 1 is provided with a base section 2 (foundation mound) that extends while being formed into a trapezoidal cross section, covering stone layers 3 provided on both sides of the base section 2 in the width direction (left and right direction in Fig. 1), and a top concrete layer 4.

[0028] The foundation 2 is constructed by piling up a large number of rubble stones in order to stabilize the breakwater 1, and as is well known, the sides of the foundation 2 facing the outside and inside of the harbor are formed as slopes 2a. For this foundation 2, general rubble stones (approximately 40 to 70 cm in diameter) are used as rubble stones, and the rubble stones are exposed on each slope 2a of the foundation 2. The covering stone layer 3 covers the slope 2a of the foundation 2 to protect it from waves. In this embodiment, the covering stone layer 3 extends from near the top of the foundation 2 along the slope 2a and into the water, and the range setting is considered so that the water level of the water surface W will contact the covering stone layer 3 with a margin even if the water level of the water surface W changes. This covering stone layer 3 is piled up to a constant thickness while interlocking a large number of covering stones 3a, and they cover the slope 2a of the foundation 2. The covering stones 3a used are generally larger and heavier than the riprap (1 to 2 tonnes per piece, approximately 90 to 120 cm in diameter), and filler stones are placed between the covering stones 3a as necessary. The top concrete layer 4 covers the top surface 2b of the base 2. This top concrete layer 4 is interposed between the covering stone layers 3 on both sides of the width of the base 2 at the top surface 2b of the base 2, and is connected to both covering stone layers 3, and the upper surface 4a of the top concrete layer 4 forms a flush, flat surface together with the upper surfaces of both covering stone layers 3.

[0029] In such a breakwater 1, the armoring stones 3a of the armoring stone layer 3 may fly off, especially near the water surface W, and loopholes 5 may form in the armoring stone layer 3, as shown in Figure 2. This is thought to be because the packing stones installed between the armoring stones 3a fly off due to waves, making it impossible to ensure the stability of the armoring stones 3a. If such loopholes 5 are left as they are, they will further expand and grow, sucking out the riprap in the foundation 2, which will affect the structure of the riprap structure. For this reason, in order to prevent such a phenomenon, it is necessary to repair the loopholes 5 in the armoring stone layer 3 as soon as they are formed.

[0030] The repair method of this embodiment (first embodiment) is intended to prevent the above phenomenon and to minimize the need for further repairs after repairs.To this end, in the repair method of this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, a preparation process, a fabric formwork laying process, a process of injecting underwater concrete, and a stone installation process are carried out in that order.

[0031] In the preparation process, the state of the loophole 5 is checked, and a fabric formwork 6 as a flexible sheet formwork corresponding to the loophole 5 and underwater concrete 7 as a hardening material are prepared. The fabric formwork 6 is filled with underwater concrete 7, which is then housed in the loophole 5 as a covering material for repair, and the fabric formwork 6 and the underwater concrete 7 must be used in a state that matches the state of the loophole 5. For this reason, the state of the loophole 5 is checked first, and various information is collected and measured, including the diameter and area of ​​the inner bottom surface 5a (formed by the existing covering stone 3a) of the loophole 5, the depth of the loophole 5, the inner periphery surface 5b (the surface of the inner surface that rises from the inner bottom surface 5a and is formed by the existing covering stone 3a) of the loophole 5, the inner diameter of the opening, the internal shape, etc. Then, from the information, the internal volume of the loophole 5, the required weight of the covering material (underwater concrete 7) and its required volume (required injection amount) are calculated. Specifically, the internal volume of the loophole 5 is calculated (approximate value) using the state contents (measurement value) of the loophole 5, and the internal volume and the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a (for example, 2.65 g / cm 3 ) is used to calculate the required weight of the underwater concrete 7 (covering material). The required weight of the underwater concrete 7 and the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 (for example, 2.5 t / m 3 ) the injection amount (volume) of the underwater concrete 7 is calculated.

[0032] The fabric formwork 6 to be prepared basically has an internal space into which the underwater concrete 7 is poured, and has the function of expanding as the fluidized underwater concrete 7 is poured into the internal space. For this reason, in this embodiment, a fabric material that is breathable and water permeable, stretchable, and has a predetermined strength is used for the fabric formwork 6, and high-strength synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester) are used to form the fabric material. In this embodiment, polyester fiber is used as the high-strength synthetic fiber, and a fabric material with a tensile strength of 350 (kgf / 3cm), elongation of 16 (%), and tear strength of 80 (kgf) is used.

[0033] The fabric formwork 6 will be described in more detail. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the fabric formwork 6 is made of the fabric material and is composed of a lower surface portion 6a, an upper surface portion 6b located above the lower surface portion 6a, and a side surface portion 6c connecting the peripheral portions of the upper surface portion 6b and the lower surface portion 6a, which can form an internal space 6d (see Fig. 5). Underwater concrete 7 can be poured into this internal space 6d through a fabric injection port (formed by joining the fabric material) 8 connected to the upper surface portion 6b by sewing. Therefore, when the underwater concrete 7 is not poured into the fabric formwork 6, the upper surface portion 6b shrinks so as to overlap the lower surface portion 6a, and the side surface portion 6c is folded (half folded) at approximately the center in the vertical direction and can protrude outside the upper surface portion 6b and the lower surface portion 6a, and the fabric formwork 6 can be in a non-three-dimensional sheet-like state (see Fig. 4). On the other hand, when the underwater concrete 7 in a fluid state is poured into the fabric formwork 6, the upper surface 6b separates from the lower surface 6a and the side surface 6c expands, so that the fabric formwork 6 becomes three-dimensional. In this embodiment, the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a of the fabric formwork 6 are formed in a rectangular shape, and the corresponding sides of the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a are connected via the side surface 6c, so that when the fabric formwork 6 becomes three-dimensional, it basically tries to extend upward and become a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and at this time, the side surface 6c expands outward under the influence of the pouring of the underwater concrete 7. The arrows in FIG. 5 indicate that when the fabric formwork 6 becomes three-dimensional, it is mainly the side surface 6c that expands outward.

[0034] In selecting the fabric formwork 6 to be prepared, the state of the loophole 5 is taken into consideration, as described above. Specifically, the following are taken into consideration: the capacity must satisfy the requirement for the necessary pouring amount of underwater concrete 7, the bottom surface 6a must be large enough to cover the entire inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5, and the side surface 6c must be in a position to press against the inner peripheral surface 5b of the loophole 5 when the underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6 and the fabric formwork 6 is inflated.

[0035] The underwater concrete 7 to be prepared contains, as a composition, known materials such as cement, water, sand (fine aggregate), gravel (coarse aggregate), admixture, etc., and its specific gravity is equal to or smaller than the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a (e.g., 2.65 g / cm 3 ) value (e.g. 2.5t / m 3 ) is selected. This is because even if a fabric formwork 6 containing underwater concrete 7 is used, as long as it is filled into the loophole 5, it will have approximately the same volume and weight as the armoring stone 3a that has been pulled out, and it can be visually confirmed that the required weight is met from the viewpoint of the stability of the breakwater 1 (simplification of work). This is effective when the size of the loophole 5 is large and multiple fabric formworks 6 containing underwater concrete 7 must be placed in the loophole 5 as armoring materials. This is because, as long as the loophole 5 is filled with a fabric formwork 6 containing underwater concrete 7 whose weight is known in advance (a standard product), the weight required for the loophole 5 will be ensured even if the loophole 5 is large.

[0036] However, it is considered that in the future, due to climate change, etc., strength and stability beyond the assumed standards will be required. At that time, it will be necessary to use aggregate for the underwater concrete 7 that has a higher specific gravity than the standard aggregate used so far, and to increase the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 even more than before (the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a (for example, 2.65 g / cm 3) can be increased. This allows the weight to be increased compared to the previous weight (required weight) while maintaining the same required volume to be accommodated in the loophole 5, thereby improving the strength and stability.

[0037] After the preparation process is completed, the laying process of the fabric formwork 6 is carried out as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 6. This is to enable the covering material (fabric formwork 6 containing underwater concrete 7) larger than the opening of the loophole 5 to be filled in the loophole 5 in the subsequent process, regardless of the size of the opening of the loophole 5, and to enable the covering material to be accurately engaged with the existing covering stone 3a that forms the inner surface of the loophole 5. For this reason, the fabric formwork 6 in a sheet state is laid so that its lower surface 6a covers the inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5. At this time, it is preferable to raise the half-folded side surface 6c protruding from the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a along the inner peripheral surface 5b of the loophole 5. This is to enable the fabric formwork 6 to smoothly expand and expand as the underwater concrete is poured in the subsequent process of pouring the underwater concrete 7. In addition, at this time, the half-folded side portion 6c may be held in a state aligned with the covering stone 3a of the loophole inner peripheral surface 5b, but it is more preferable to temporarily fix it with an adhesive or the like. This is to prevent the half-folded side portion 6c from falling down and being separated from the loophole inner peripheral surface 5b.

[0038] After the step of laying the fabric formwork 6 is completed, a step of pouring the underwater concrete 7 is carried out as shown in Figures 3 and 7. By pouring the underwater concrete 7 into the fabric formwork 6, the fabric formwork 6 is expanded three-dimensionally, and the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 is filled into the loophole 5 as a covering material, and the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 is advanced into the gaps 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner surface of the loophole 5 by utilizing the fluidity of the underwater concrete 7 therein, so that the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 and the existing covering stones 3a on the inner surface of the loophole 5 are accurately engaged with each other.

[0039] More specifically, in the process of pouring the underwater concrete 7, as shown in Fig. 7, a supply hose 9 extending from a concrete pump vehicle (not shown) is connected to a fabric injection port 8, and the underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6 through the supply hose 9 and the injection port 8. This causes the fabric formwork 6 to begin to expand, and the lower surface 6a is pressed against the inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5 and fits along the inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5, while the upper surface 6b moves in a direction away from the lower surface 6a. As a result of this movement, the outer portion of the side portion 6c (the half-folded portion on one side which is in contact with the inner surface 5b of the loophole 5 as a result of rising up during installation) is pressed against the inner surface 5b of the loophole 5, while the inner portion of the side portion 6c (the half-folded portion on the other side) rises up without any hindrance, and as further underwater concrete 7 is poured in, the side portion 6c is also pressed outward against the inner surface 5b of the loophole 5 (see Figures 6 and 7).

[0040] As a result, the side portion 6c enters the gap 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner circumferential surface 5b of the loophole 5. The arrows in the fabric formwork 6 in FIG. 7 indicate that the fabric formwork 6 expands due to the poured underwater concrete 7, and the side portion 6c enters the gap 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a. At this time, by applying an external force to the underwater concrete 7 through the fabric formwork 6 using a push rod or the like by utilizing the fluidity of the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6, the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6 can be actively and accurately guided between the existing covering stones 3a. The arrows outside the fabric formwork 6 in FIG. 7 indicate the external force exerted by the push rod or the like on the fabric formwork 6 at that time. When a predetermined amount of underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6, the pouring is stopped, and the supply hose 9 of the concrete pump truck is pulled out from the pouring port 8. The pouring port 8 is then closed by tying it with a string, and the pouring port 8 is pushed into the fabric formwork 6.

[0041] After the underwater concrete injection process is completed, the process of attaching the anchored stone 10 is carried out as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 8. The purpose is to cover the upper surface of the fabric formwork 6 with the stone 10a to blend in with the surrounding environment (the environment in which the covering stone 3a is laid). For this purpose, a plurality of anchored stones 10 are prepared. Each anchored stone 10 has one end of an anchor 10b attached to the stone 10a, and the other end extends away from the stone 10a. Natural stones, imitation stones, etc. can be used as the stone 10a, and it is preferable to use natural stones from the viewpoint of blending in with the surrounding environment. Regarding the size and weight of the natural stones, etc., it is preferable that the anchor 10b is small enough for a worker to carry (20kg to 30kg) because the worker will perform the installation work. In addition, since the anchor 10b is buried inside the underwater concrete 7, it is preferable that it can be protected from corrosion. In this embodiment, an epoxy resin reinforcing bar in which an epoxy resin is coated on a reinforcing bar is used. Furthermore, when selecting this anchor 10b, an anchor 10b is selected that can sufficiently resist the lateral wave force on the stone 10a with the shear stress of the anchor 10b (cross-sectional area of ​​the anchor 10b), and that can sufficiently resist the uplift force on the underside of the stone 10a with the adhesion force of the anchor 10b (perimeter length of the anchor 10b x extension length of the anchor 10b).

[0042] When installing the above-mentioned anchored stones 10, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, while the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6 exposed from inside the loopholes 5 is still unhardened, the anchors 10b of each anchored stone 10 are inserted into the underwater concrete 7 through the fabric formwork 6, and each stone 10a is fixed to the top surface of the fabric formwork 6 so as to cover said top surface. This allows the stones to blend in better with the surrounding environment (covering stone layer 3) than if the top surface of the fabric formwork 6 was left exposed. After this, the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6 is left to harden, and construction is completed.

[0043] 10 shows a second embodiment. In this second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

[0044] In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of fabric formworks 6 are prepared, and a process of laying the fabric formworks 6 in the loophole 5 and a process of pouring the underwater concrete 7 in a fluid state are sequentially performed for each fabric formwork 6, so that a plurality of fabric formworks 6 inflated with the underwater concrete 7 are arranged in the loophole 5. Each of these fabric formworks 6 inflated with the underwater concrete 7 is a standard product with a fixed weight and volume (standardized for the storage capacity of the fabric formwork 6 and the pouring amount of the underwater concrete), and these are lined up horizontally and overlapped vertically to fill the loophole 5. FIG. 10 shows a state in which the fabric formworks 6 inflated with the underwater concrete 7 are being installed in the loophole 5. In this case, adjacent fabric formworks 6 inflated with the underwater concrete 7 are connected to each other by inserting connecting bars 11 into the underwater concrete 7 in both fabric formworks 6, utilizing the fact that the underwater concrete 7 in both fabric formworks 6 is unhardened.

[0045] Specifically, one end of the connecting bar 11 is inserted into the fabric formwork 6 after the underwater concrete 7 has been poured, and the other end is made to protrude from the fabric formwork 6. Then, the other end of the connecting bar 11 is inserted into the fabric formwork 6 adjacent in the vertical or horizontal direction before the underwater concrete 7 is poured, and the underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6. In particular, for the fabric formwork 6 adjacent in the horizontal direction, when the height of the underwater concrete 7 poured into the fabric formwork 6 reaches the height of the connecting bar 11, the other end of the connecting bar 11 may be inserted into the adjacent fabric formwork 6. For the connecting bar 11, the above-mentioned epoxy resin reinforcing bar is used in this embodiment as well.

[0046] As a result, a plurality of fabric forms 6 inflated with the underwater concrete 7 can be housed in the loophole 5 in an integrated state as a covering material, and various sizes of loopholes 5 can be appropriately accommodated. Of course, in this case, when the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 and the specific gravity of the covering stones 3a are approximately the same, the required weight for repair can be met simply by arranging the plurality of fabric forms 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 so as to fill the loophole 5, and if the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 is made greater than the specific gravity of the covering stones 3a, a weight greater than the required weight for repair can be secured by using the plurality of fabric forms 6 containing the underwater concrete 7, and the strength and stability of the repaired breakwater can be increased.

[0047] Although the embodiment has been described above, the present invention includes the following aspects. (1) As the hardening material, in addition to the above-mentioned underwater concrete 7, mortar or the like that hardens after passing through a fluid state (unhardened state) should be used. (2) As long as the flexible sheet formwork expands when the underwater concrete 7 is poured and can be deformed by external forces, the material of the flexible sheet formwork may be a material other than cloth. (3) During construction (especially when pouring underwater concrete 7 into the fabric formwork 6), a pollution prevention film should be installed around the construction area to prevent the diffusion of polluting components even if they leak out during construction. (4) When forming the covering stone layer 3 on the slope 2a of the foundation 2, a fabric formwork 6 (flexible sheet formwork) filled with underwater concrete 7 is placed on the slope 2a in place of some of the covering stones 3a, and scattered on the covering stone layer 3. In this case, it is preferable to cover the upper surface of the fabric formwork 6 with anchored stones 10. This can speed up the work of forming the covering stone layer 3 and make the covering stone layer 3 stronger. [Industrial Applicability]

[0048] The present invention can be used to fill a loophole 5 formed by the escape of an armoring stone 3a from an armoring stone layer 3 with a sufficiently large armoring material, and to firmly engage the armoring material with the existing armoring stone 3a that forms the inner surface of the loophole 5. [Explanation of symbols]

[0049] 1 Breakwater 2 Base 3. Covering stone layer 3a Covering stone 3aa Gap 5. Loopholes 6 Fabric formwork (flexible sheet formwork) 6a Bottom part 6b Top part 6c Side part 6d interior space 7 Underwater concrete (hardening material) 10 Anchored stone 11 Connecting muscles

Claims

1. A method for repairing a rubble-type structure in which a rubble-type foundation is covered with a rubble-type foundation foundation and a rubble-type foundation foundation is covered with a rubble-type foundation foundation. The rubble-type foundation foundation foundation is covered with a rubble-type foundation foundation. A flexible sheet formwork capable of expanding into a three-dimensional form is laid in the loophole in a non-three-dimensional state; Next, a hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet mold to inflate the flexible sheet mold with the hardening material; The flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material is filled into the loophole as a covering material and is inserted between the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the loophole. A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of:

2. In claim 1, As the hardened material in the fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, an external force is applied to the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork to push the flexible sheet formwork and the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork between the existing covering stones. A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of:

3. In claim 1, As the flexible sheet formwork, a form having a lower surface portion made of a breathable material and laid so as to cover the inner bottom surface of the hole, an upper surface portion located above the lower surface portion, and side portions which connect the peripheral portions of the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion to form an internal space and which contract so that the upper surface portion overlaps the lower surface portion when the hardening material is not yet injected into the internal space, When laying a flexible sheet formwork in the loophole, at least the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork is arranged so as to cover the entire bottom surface of the loophole; Next, as the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet form, the upper surface of the flexible sheet form is moved away from the lower surface of the flexible sheet form while the side surface of the flexible sheet form is expanded, and the expanded side surface of the flexible sheet form is used to conform to the inner surface of the loophole. A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of:

4. In claim 1, A plurality of the flexible sheet forms are prepared, and for each of the flexible sheet forms, a step of laying the flexible sheet form in the loop hole and a step of injecting the hardening material in the fluid state are sequentially carried out to form a plurality of flexible sheet forms inflated with the hardening material in the loop hole; Adjacent flexible sheet formworks inflated with the hardening material are connected to each other by inserting connecting bars into the hardening material in both flexible sheet formworks, taking advantage of the fact that the hardening material in both flexible sheet formworks is still unhardened. A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of:

5. In claim 1, Estimating the weight of the armor stone that has come out of the loophole; Adjust the weight of the hardened material in the flexible sheet form in the loophole so that the weight is equal to or greater than the weight of the covering stone that has escaped from the loophole; A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of:

6. In claim 5, In determining the weight of the hardened material in the flexible sheet mold, the specific gravity of the hardened material is adjusted under a constant volume required for the inside of the hole. A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of:

7. In any one of claims 1 to 6, When the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork exposed from the loophole is unhardened, the stone material attached with the anchor in a stretched state is fixed to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork so as to cover the upper surface by inserting the anchor into the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork. A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of:

8. In a rubble-type structure in which a covering stone layer is provided on a foundation constructed with rubble so as to cover the foundation, A flexible sheet formwork is provided on a portion of the covering stone layer and expanded by containing a hardening material; The flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material is inserted between the existing covering stones around the flexible sheet formwork, and the flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material and the existing covering stones are engaged with each other. A stone having an anchor attached in an extended state to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork is fixed by inserting the anchor through the flexible sheet formwork into the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork. A rubble-type structure characterized by:

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