Pipe roof construction method

Abstract

To facilitate monitoring work for confirming that element rows constituting a pipe roof have been filled with concrete.SOLUTION: A sound collecting microphone SS and a miniature camera GS are installed in an element Em2 for monitoring that is adjacent to an element Em1 to which concrete is placed. Pieces of wiring LS1, LS2, which are electrically connected to the sound collecting microphone and the miniature camera and contained in a protective pipe PT, are pulled into an element Em 5 for standby through an opening TH and an exhaust hole VH1 across a plurality of elements Em. A sound output device AD and an image output device LD, which are electrically connected to the pieces of wiring LS1, LS2, are installed in the element Em 5 for standby.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 26

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing a pipe roof, for example, to a technique for filling concrete into elements that constitute a pipe roof. [Background technology]

[0002] In urban areas, when constructing underground structures for forming roads, railways, etc., there is a demand for construction methods that prevent ground shifts or subsidence, because main roads, houses, etc. are densely located above ground.

[0003] The pipe roof method involves installing multiple pipes in parallel around the area where an underground structure is planned to be constructed in the ground and connecting them to construct a pipe roof (protective roof). It is used in the construction of underground structures in urban areas as a technology that can suppress or prevent ground shifts and subsidence.

[0004] Such a pipe roofing method is disclosed, for example, in Patent Document 1, which describes how the long space of an element is divided into multiple concrete pouring spaces by partition members that intersect with it, and how concrete is poured into each concrete pouring space through a concrete pressure pipe installed in each space, with the pressure pipes being left buried. Patent Document 1 also describes how, when pouring concrete, air in the concrete pouring space is released through an air vent hole formed in the partition member and from an opening in the front end face of the element (starting shaft side).

[0005] Furthermore, for example, Patent Document 2 discloses a method for checking the filling status when grout is filled into a single sheath pipe, in which inspection holes leading to the sheath pipe are arranged at a predetermined pitch along an exploration path provided in parallel with the sheath pipe, and the filling status of the grout inside the sheath pipe is checked through the inspection holes by a camera moving along the exploration path.

[0006] Furthermore, for example, Patent Document 3 discloses a method for checking the filling status when a sheath tube embedded in a concrete member is filled with grout, in which an opening through which the inside of the sheath tube can be observed is provided in the sheath tube, the opening is blocked by a transparent closing member, an observation hole is provided from the closing member to the surface of the concrete member, and a camera is inserted into the observation hole to check the filling status of the grout in the sheath tube. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] JP 2000-104403 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2001-336251 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2004-076292 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Fig. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a plurality of elements, illustrating a monitoring operation for checking that concrete has been filled into the elements that constitute a pipe roof during a pouring operation for filling the elements with concrete. Here, a case is illustrated in which a plurality of elements 50 (50a to 50c) are arranged side by side.

[0009] An air vent hole 52 that communicates between the adjacent elements 50, 50 is drilled in a steel plate 51 between the adjacent elements 50, 50 (that is, the steel plate on the side of the element 50).

[0010] Here, to confirm that concrete 53 has been filled into element 50b to be poured, a monitoring worker enters element 50c adjacent to element 50b to be poured, and monitors three locations in the longitudinal direction of element 50c - the innermost, middle, and front - to see if concrete 53 that has been poured into element 50b to be poured leaks through air vent hole 52 into element 50c where the monitoring worker is waiting.

[0011] In this case, the monitoring worker waits while monitoring until concrete 53 leaks from all monitoring positions within element 50, and when this is confirmed, he or she leaves that element 50 and enters the adjacent element 50, and repeats this series of monitoring work for multiple elements within the pouring range. Here, in the construction examined by the inventor, it takes, for example, about one hour to fill one element 50 with concrete 53, so the monitoring worker repeatedly enters and exits, for example, five to seven elements 50 in one day.

[0012] However, the inside of the element 50 is a narrow space where an adult can enter by bending over, and since a plurality of pressure pipes for pressure-feeding the concrete 53 are installed inside the element 50, and angles for installing the pressure pipes and a plurality of wires for fixing the elements 50 to each other are also installed, the monitoring worker must move around the element 50 while bending over and twisting his / her body to avoid obstacles, which makes it very difficult to move around. Moreover, the element 50 examined by the inventor has a long overall length, and as described above, five to seven elements 50 are entered and exited in a day, so there is a problem that the monitoring work to confirm that the elements 50 are filled with concrete 53 is a cumbersome work that requires time and effort.

[0013] The present invention has been made in light of the above-mentioned technical background, and aims to facilitate monitoring work for confirming that concrete has been filled into the row of elements that make up a pipe loop.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to reduce the time required for monitoring to confirm that concrete has been filled into the row of elements that make up the pipe loop. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] In order to solve the above problems, the pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 1 includes an element preparation step of preparing a plurality of rectangular tubular elements having a hollow space surrounded by a first steel plate and a second steel plate facing each other and a third steel plate and a fourth steel plate facing each other while intersecting the first steel plate and the second steel plate, the elements having a first end face in the axial direction of the hollow space and a second end face located opposite to the first end face, the element preparation step being performed; and a step of excavating and removing soil in front of the elements with the first end faces of the elements facing the side of a starting shaft. the step of pressing the element into the ground while pressing the element into the ground, thereby arranging a plurality of elements in parallel along the circumferential direction of the planned underground structure on the side of the starting shaft; and the step of filling the hollow space of the element with concrete after the step of pressing the element into the ground, with the first end face of the element being closed. The step of preparing the element includes a step of preparing the element in which a first hole is drilled in the first steel plate and a second hole is drilled in the second steel plate, The concrete filling step includes the steps of: (a) installing a sound detection means in a monitoring element adjacent to an element to be poured in the circumferential direction among the plurality of elements; and drawing a first wiring electrically connected to the sound detection means through the first hole and the second hole from the monitoring element, while being enclosed by a first protective member, across the plurality of elements lined up in the circumferential direction, into a standby element; and installing a sound output means electrically connected to the sound detection means through the first wiring in the standby element; (b) installing the sound detection means in the monitoring element, and then pouring concrete into the element to be poured; and (c) after the step (b), detecting the exhaust sound of air exhausted into the monitoring element from the first hole and the second hole communicating between the element to be poured and the monitoring element, by the sound detection means.(d) a step of monitoring, by the sound output means, information detected by the sound detection means in the standby element, and judging that the concrete has been filled in the element to be poured when it is confirmed that the discharge sound has disappeared; and (e) after the step (d), a step of moving and installing the sound detection means and the first wiring together with the first protective member from inside the monitoring element through the first hole and the second hole into an element adjacent to the monitoring element in the circumferential direction, characterized in that the steps (b) to (e) are repeated while shifting the element to be poured and the monitoring element by one row at a time toward the standby element.

[0016] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, the first protective member is composed of a flexible resin pipe or rubber pipe.

[0017] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention as set forth in claim 3, in the invention as set forth in claim 1 or 2, further comprises a step of installing an image detection means in the monitoring element before step (b) in the concrete filling step, and arranging a second wiring electrically connected to the image detection means through the first hole and the second hole, with a second protective member encasing the second wiring, across a plurality of elements arranged side by side along the circumferential direction from the monitoring element, and arranging the second wiring in the standby element, and installing an image output means electrically connected to the image detection means through the second wiring in the standby element; and a step of installing an image output means electrically connected to the image detection means through the second wiring in the monitoring element during step (b). during step (c), photographing the second hole connecting the element to be poured and the monitoring element by the image detection means; during step (d), reconfirming that the element to be poured has been filled with concrete when it is confirmed through the image output means that the concrete is leaking from the second hole in the waiting element after the disappearance of the discharge sound; and during step (e), moving and installing the image detection means and the second wiring together with the second protective member from within the monitoring element through the first hole and the second hole into an element circumferentially adjacent to the monitoring element.

[0018] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 3, the second protective member is composed of a flexible resin pipe or rubber pipe.

[0019] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that in the invention described in claim 3 or 4, the first protective member also serves as the second protective member.

[0020] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 6 is the invention described in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein in the element press-in step, the plurality of elements are arranged in parallel in a state where they are connected to each other via a connection space between adjacent elements, and the first steel plate and the second steel plate of the adjacent elements are arranged in a state where they face each other via the connection space, and in the element preparation step, the first steel plate is provided with a through hole which constitutes the first hole and is formed so as to communicate the hollow space with the connection space, and which allows the concrete and air in the hollow space to flow into the connection space when the concrete is poured into the element, and the second steel plate is provided with a through hole which constitutes the first hole and is formed so as to communicate the hollow space with the connection space, and The present invention is characterized in that a hole constituting the second hole is formed so as to communicate the hollow space with the connecting space, and an exhaust hole is formed to release air from the hollow space and the connecting space when the concrete is poured into the element, the exhaust hole is formed at a position closer to the fourth steel plate than the third steel plate, and has a plurality of first exhaust holes provided on the first end face side of the element and a second exhaust hole provided other than the first end face side of the element, and a total opening area of ​​the first exhaust holes is greater than the opening area of ​​each of the second exhaust holes, and the plurality of elements are prepared, and the first protective member and the second protective member are inserted into the first exhaust holes.

[0021] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 7 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 6 above, the first exhaust holes are arranged at a predetermined first distance along the longitudinal direction of the element, and the second exhaust holes are arranged at a second distance longer than the first distance along the longitudinal direction of the element.

[0022] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 6 or 7 above, the diameters of the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole are smaller than the diameter of the coarse aggregate of the concrete.

[0023] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 9 is characterized in that, in the invention described in any one of claims 6 to 8 above, the dimensions of the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole are equal to each other.

[0024] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention as set forth in claim 10, in the invention as set forth in any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprises a partition member installation step of preparing a partition member having a third exhaust hole capable of adjusting an opening area and installing the partition member in the element so as to partition the hollow space, thereby forming a concrete filling space in the element, before the concrete pouring step of step (b), and an inflow pipe installation step of installing an inflow pipe for pouring concrete into the concrete filling space, before the concrete pouring step of step (b), When the concrete is poured through the pipe, in step (d), before it is determined that the concrete has been filled on the first end face side of the element, all of the third exhaust holes of the partition member are blocked or the opening area of ​​the third exhaust holes is made smaller than the opening area of ​​the exhaust holes of the element, and when it is determined in step (d) that the concrete has been filled on the first end face side of the element, the concrete is poured into the concrete filling space with the third exhaust hole opened.

[0025] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 11 is characterized in that, in the invention described in any one of claims 6 to 10 above, the first steel plate of the element is formed of a vertical stripe structure in which a steel plate of a predetermined width is joined vertically between the third steel plate and the fourth steel plate in the longitudinal direction of the element, and an opening formed in the vertical stripe structure also serves as the first hole.

[0026] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 12 is the invention described in any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that in the element pressing-in process, the multiple elements are installed in parallel and the first steel plate and the second steel plate of the adjacent elements are installed so as to be in contact with each other, and in the element preparation process, the first steel plate is provided with an exhaust hole that constitutes the first hole and is formed to communicate the hollow space with the outside and that releases air in the hollow space when the concrete is poured into the element, the exhaust hole is formed at a position closer to the fourth steel plate than the third steel plate, and has a plurality of first exhaust holes provided on the first end face side of the element and a second exhaust hole provided other than the first end face side of the element, and a total opening area of ​​the first exhaust holes is larger than an opening area per one of the second exhaust holes, and the multiple elements are prepared, and the first protective member and the second protective member are inserted into the first exhaust hole.

[0027] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 13 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 12, in the element preparation process, the second steel plate is drilled with an exhaust hole that is the same as the exhaust hole of the first steel plate as the second hole, and the plurality of elements are prepared.

[0028] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 14 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 12 or 13 above, the first exhaust holes are arranged at a predetermined first distance along the longitudinal direction of the element, and the second exhaust holes are arranged at a second distance longer than the first distance along the longitudinal direction of the element.

[0029] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 15 is characterized in that, in the invention described in any one of claims 12 to 14 above, the diameters of the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole are smaller than the diameter of the coarse aggregate of the concrete.

[0030] The pipe roof construction method of the present invention described in claim 16 is characterized in that, in the invention described in any one of claims 12 to 15 above, the dimensions of the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole are equal to each other. Effect of the Invention

[0031] According to the present invention, it is possible to facilitate monitoring work for confirming that concrete has been filled into the row of elements constituting a pipe loop.

[0032] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the time required for monitoring work to confirm that concrete has been filled into the row of elements that constitutes the pipe loop. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0033] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-section of a main portion of a construction site for a pipe roof according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] This is a side view of the main parts of the starting shaft after the soil and sand in the element have been discharged. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main portion of the pipe roof construction site in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] This is a side view of the main part of the starting shaft after the wires for fixing the elements have been installed. [Diagram 5] This is a side view of the main part of the starting shaft after concrete has been filled into the elements. [Figure 6] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the pipe roof construction site in FIG. 6. [Figure 7] This is a side view of the main parts of the starting shaft after the tunnel is constructed. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a main portion of the pipe roof construction site in FIG. 7. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a front view of a group of elements constituting a pipe roof according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a front view of a standard element. [Figure 11]10, (a) is a plan view of the first steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A1 in FIG. 10, and (b) is a plan view of the second steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A2 in FIG. [Figure 12] 10, (a) is a plan view of the third steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A3 in FIG. 10, and (b) is a plan view of the fourth steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A4 in FIG. 10. [Figure 13] 10, (a) is a plan view of the first steel plate of the subsequent standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A1 in FIG. 10, and (b) is a plan view of the second steel plate of the subsequent standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A2 in FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a front view of the elements showing the standard connection state between the elements. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a front view of the prestressing element. [Figure 16] 15. (a) is a plan view of the fifth steel plate of the element for introducing prestress, as viewed from the direction of arrow A1 in FIG. 15, and (b) is a plan view of the seventh steel plate P7b of the element for introducing prestress, as viewed from the direction of arrow A5 in FIG. 15. [Figure 17] 15. (a) is a plan view of the eighth steel plate of the element for introducing prestress, as viewed from the direction of arrow A3 in FIG. 15, and (b) is a plan view of the sixth steel plate of the element for introducing prestress, as viewed from the direction of arrow A6 in FIG. 15. [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is a front view of an element showing the connection state between a prestressing element, a deformed type standard element, and a standard element. [Figure 19] A cross-sectional view of a key part of the element casting space. [Figure 20] 20(a) is a plan view of an example of a partition plate, (b) is a plan view of the partition plate shown in FIG. 20(a) with the opening / closing plate that constitutes the partition plate removed, and (c) is a plan view of the opening / closing plate that constitutes the partition plate in FIG. 20(a). [Figure 21] 20(b) is an exploded plan view of the partition plate of FIG. 20(a), and FIG. 20(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. 20(b). [Figure 22]22(a) and (b) are plan views of modified examples of the partition plate, and (c) is a plan view of the opening / closing plate of FIGS. 22(a) and (b). [Figure 23] This is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the leading standard element during pouring. [Figure 24] (a) is a plan view of a sound monitoring device that monitors the exhaust sound generated within a monitoring element, and (b) is a plan view of an image monitoring device that monitors the state of the exhaust hole through which air is discharged within the monitoring element. [Diagram 25] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of some of the elements in the ceiling block of FIG. 9. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the plurality of elements shown in FIG. 25 after installation of the sound monitoring device and image monitoring device shown in FIG. 24. [Figure 27] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the multiple elements shown in FIG. 25 during pouring. [Figure 28] 26(a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main parts of the multiple elements shown in FIG. 25 after casting, and (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main parts of the multiple elements in FIG. 25 after the sound-collecting microphone and small camera have been moved. [Figure 29] 28 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main portion of the elements shown in FIG. 25 during casting, following FIG. 28. [Diagram 30] 30(a) is a cross-sectional view of a plurality of elements after the sound monitoring device and image monitoring device shown in FIG. 24 have been installed in the second embodiment, (b) is an enlarged plan view of the essential parts of the tip portion in a modified example of the first steel plate and the second steel plate constituting the element in FIG. 30(a), and (c) is an enlarged plan view of the essential parts of the central portion in a modified example of the first steel plate and the second steel plate constituting the element in FIG. 30(a). [Diagram 31] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a plurality of elements illustrating a monitoring operation for confirming that concrete has been filled into the elements that constitute a pipe roof during a pouring operation for filling the elements with concrete. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0034] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings for explaining the embodiment, the same components are generally designated by the same reference numerals, and the repeated description will be omitted.

[0035] (First embodiment)

[0036] An example of the pipe roof construction method of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 8. Note that here, the case where the pipe roof construction method of this embodiment is applied to the construction of a tunnel (underground structure) for railroad facilities underground will be described.

[0037] FIG. 1 is a cross section of a main part of a construction site for a pipe roof according to this embodiment.

[0038] First, a starting shaft DH is constructed at the construction site G of the pipe roof. The depth of the starting shaft DH is, for example, 40 to 50 m. Next, a thruster RM and a plurality of elements E are carried into the starting shaft DH. The elements E are formed of long rectangular steel pipes for constructing the pipe roof. The elements E will be described later.

[0039] Then, the element E is set on the thruster RM. At this time, the element E is set so that its posture is horizontal, and its tip end face (first end face) in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the element E faces the side of the starting shaft DH. Then, the thruster RM presses the element E into the ground from the side of the starting shaft DH while excavating and removing the soil in front of the element E.

[0040] Figure 2 is a side view of the main part of the starting shaft after the element pressing process, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the pipe roof construction site in Figure 2. Although Figure 2 is a side view, the soil and sand are hatched.

[0041] As shown in Fig. 2, on the side of the starting shaft DH, for example, a plurality of elements E are arranged in parallel along the periphery of the planned tunnel site (planned underground structure) Tp so as to surround the entire area of ​​the planned tunnel site Tp. Adjacent elements E, E are connected to each other via a connection space CS. The connection state of the elements E will be explained later.

[0042] In addition, as shown in Fig. 3, a plurality of elements E are press-fitted in series into each element press-fitting portion (element row). In Fig. 3, three elements E are shown to simplify the drawing, but in reality, three or more elements E are press-fitted.

[0043] The total length of the elements E arranged in series at each element press-fitting location (total casting length described below) is, for example, 50,000 to 100,000 mm.

[0044] 2 and 3, the soil in each element E and the connection space CS is removed by an excavator (not shown) and manually. However, in this embodiment, even after the soil is removed, the tip end face (first end face) of the leading element E in each element press-in portion is still blocked by soil.

[0045] Figure 4 is a side view of the main part of the starting shaft after the wires for fixing the elements were installed. Note that although Figure 4 is a side view, the soil is hatched.

[0046] After removing the soil from each element E and the connecting space CS, the multiple elements E arranged vertically and horizontally are fixed together with steel wires W1 and W2. The wire W1 passes through the multiple elements E arranged vertically and the connecting space CS and is fixed in a tensioned state within the elements E at the corners located at the top and bottom ends. The wire W2 passes through the multiple elements E arranged horizontally and the connecting space CS and is fixed in a tensioned state within the elements E at the corners located at the left and right ends. The wires W1 and W2 are provided at predetermined distances along the longitudinal direction of the elements E (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 4).

[0047] Figure 5 is a side view of the main part of the starting shaft after concrete has been filled into the elements, and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the pipe roof construction site in Figure 5. Although Figure 5 is a side view, the soil and concrete C are hatched to make the drawing easier to see.

[0048] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, after joining multiple elements E together by applying prestress to wires W1, W2 (see Figure 4), the elements E and the connecting space CS are filled with fresh concrete CC. This pouring work is carried out for each element press-in point (element row). After filling the elements E at all element press-in points with fresh concrete CC, the fresh concrete CC is allowed to harden after a curing period. In this way, a full-circumference pipe roof PR is constructed at the pipe roof construction site, surrounding the entire perimeter of the planned tunnel location Tp. This pouring process will be explained later.

[0049] Figure 7 is a side view of the main part of the starting shaft after the tunnel is constructed, and Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the pipe roof construction site in Figure 7. Although Figure 7 is a side view, the soil and concrete CC are hatched to make the drawing easier to see.

[0050] As shown in Figures 7 and 8, after constructing a pipe roof PR, soil is excavated at the planned tunnel site Tp (see Figure 5, etc.) using an excavator (not shown), and then various types of paving are applied to construct a tunnel T.

[0051] Next, examples of the configuration of the above-mentioned pipe roof PR and the elements E that constitute the pipe roof PR will be described with reference to Figs.

[0052] FIG. 9 is a front view of the element group that constitutes the pipe roof of this embodiment.

[0053] The element group EG has, for example, a perimeter-type structure and includes four casting blocks: a bottom block Bb, a ceiling block Bc, and two side blocks Bs. Here, the element E is shown after the soil has been discharged.

[0054] Moreover, the elements E of the element group EG include a standard element Em, a deformed type standard element Emc, and an element Eb for introducing prestress.

[0055] The standard element Em is the main element that is most frequently placed in the element group EG, and is placed in all four pouring blocks mentioned above.

[0056] The deformed type standard element Emc is an element in which a portion of the standard element Em is deformed in order to ensure consistency with the prestressing element Eb when filling the connecting space CS between the prestressing element Eb and the adjacent element E with concrete, and is positioned adjacent to the prestressing element Eb.

[0057] The prestressing elements Eb are mainly used to apply prestress to the wires W1 and W2 (see FIG. 4) and are arranged at the four corners of the element group EG. The prestressing elements Eb determine the casting block.

[0058] FIG. 10 is a front view of the standard element.

[0059] The standard element Em is formed of a rectangular steel pipe having a hollow space HS surrounded by first to fourth steel plates P1m to P4m. The first steel plate P1m and the second steel plate P2m are arranged to face each other, and the third steel plate P3m and the fourth steel plate P4m are arranged to face each other while intersecting (orthogonal to) the first and second steel plates P1m, P2m.

[0060] Joints J1, J1 are joined to the outer surface of the first steel plate P1m of the standard element Em near the corners of the element Em. The joints J1, J1 are made of, for example, a long, flat steel plate, and are provided so as to protrude from the outer surface of the first steel plate P1m with one end face (end face on one long side) in the width direction (short direction) joined to the first steel plate P1m.

[0061] In addition, joints J2, J2 are joined to the outer surface of the second steel plate P2m of the standard element Em near the corners of the element Em. The joints J2, J2 are made of, for example, a long, flat steel plate, and are provided so as to protrude from the outer surface of the second steel plate P2m with one end surface (end surface on one long side) in the width direction (short direction) joined to the second steel plate P2m.

[0062] Furthermore, the positions of the joint parts J1, J1 and the joint parts J2, J2 in the height direction of the element Em (the vertical direction in Figure 10) are shifted by the thickness of the joint parts J1, J2, and as described below, when the elements Em, Em are arranged side by side adjacent to each other, the joint parts J2, J2 are arranged inside the joint parts J1, J1 and are arranged so that they overlap and are in contact with each other.

[0063] The element Em has an opening at its leading end face (first end face) and its opposing rear end face (second end face) in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the hollow space HS. Although not particularly limited, the element Em has a width (horizontal dimension in FIG. 10) of, for example, 1000 mm and a height (vertical dimension in FIG. 10) of, for example, 800 mm at both end faces in the longitudinal direction.

[0064] In addition, at each element press-in location, there is a leading element E and a trailing element E following the leading element E. The leading element E refers to the element E that is first pressed into the side of the starting shaft, as well as the element E that is placed at the back (leading position) when concrete is poured, even if it is located midway along the entire length of multiple elements E that are arranged in series at each element press-in location. Also, the trailing element E refers to the element E that is placed in series behind the leading element E. The front view of the leading element E and the trailing element E are the same, but the side views are slightly different, so in the following explanation of the side views of element E, the leading element E and the trailing element E will be explained separately.

[0065] 11(a) is a plan view of the first steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A1 in FIG. 10, and FIG. 11(b) is a plan view of the second steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A2 in FIG. 10.

[0066] As shown in FIG. 11(a), the first steel plate P1m of the leading standard element Em is configured by joining steel plate parts Ps of a predetermined width perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the element Em. That is, the first steel plate P1m is provided with the steel plate parts Ps of the first steel plate P1m and the openings (communicating holes) TH arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the element Em. The area of ​​the steel plate parts Ps and the opening area of ​​the openings TH are, for example, almost the same (i.e., the opening ratio is about 50%). As will be described later, the fresh concrete that flows into the element Em during casting and the air in the element Em are designed to flow into the adjacent connecting space CS through the openings TH.

[0067] By making the first steel plate P1m a wall column structure (vertical stripe structure) made of steel plates in this way, the structural stability of the element Em can be improved, and the element Em can be made lighter while maintaining its strength. In addition, the raw concrete that flows into the element Em can be smoothly and satisfactorily flowed into the connecting space CS.

[0068] As shown in Fig. 11(b), the second steel plate P2m of the leading standard element Em is formed of a flat steel plate. This second steel plate P2m is formed to communicate the hollow space HS of the standard element Em with the adjacent connecting space CS, and has an exhaust hole VH drilled therein for releasing air from the hollow space HS and connecting space CS of the standard element Em during the above-mentioned concrete pouring process.

[0069] The exhaust hole VH has a first exhaust hole VH1 provided on the front end surface (first end surface) side of the standard element Em, and a second exhaust hole VH2 provided on a side other than the front end surface side of the standard element Em. The first exhaust hole VH1 and the second exhaust hole VH2 are formed by through holes penetrating the front and back surfaces of the second steel plate P2m, and are formed side by side along the longitudinal direction of the standard element Em at a position closer to the fourth steel plate P4m than to the third steel plate P3m.

[0070] The diameters of the first exhaust hole VH1 and the second exhaust hole VH2 are equal to each other, for example, about 30 mm. The diameters of the first exhaust hole VH1 and the second exhaust hole VH2 are set to a size that is large enough to be blocked by the coarse aggregate contained in the concrete. That is, the diameters of the first exhaust hole VH1 and the second exhaust hole VH2 are smaller than the diameter of the coarse aggregate contained in the concrete. As a result, the first exhaust hole VH1 and the second exhaust hole VH2 are naturally blocked by the coarse aggregate contained in the concrete, so that the concrete that has flowed into the connection space CS does not flow into the adjacent element E through the exhaust hole VH (VH1, VH2). Note that the diameter of the coarse aggregate referred to here means the particle size, and the diameters of the first exhaust hole VH1 and the second exhaust hole VH2 may be smaller than the average particle size distribution of the coarse aggregate, may be smaller than the particle size of the most abundant coarse aggregate, or may be smaller than the maximum particle size of the coarse aggregate.

[0071] However, in this embodiment, the total opening area of ​​the first exhaust holes VH1 is set to be larger than the opening area of ​​each of the second exhaust holes VH2. That is, the first exhaust holes VH1 are drilled close together on the tip surface side of the standard element Em, for example, six in number. In contrast, only one second exhaust hole VH2 is drilled in a location other than the tip surface side of the standard element Em.

[0072] The second exhaust holes VH2 are arranged at a distance L1 longer than the adjacent distance of the first exhaust holes VH1 in terms of design, but the distance between the second exhaust hole V2 and the rearmost first exhaust hole VH1 is set to a distance L2 that is twice the distance L1. This is to ensure that the exhaust at the tip of the standard element Em is performed well and that the tip is filled with concrete well. In this example, the total length of the standard element Em is short, and the length from the second exhaust hole VH2 to the rear end of the element Em is not even the distance L1, so only one second exhaust hole VH2 is arranged. The distance L1 is, for example, 1 m.

[0073] Furthermore, a plurality of through holes WH are drilled in the second steel plate P2m of the leading standard element Em at a position close to the third steel plate P3m. These through holes WH are holes for passing the above-mentioned wires W1 and W2, and are drilled at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the element Em.

[0074] In addition, Fig. 11 illustrates the element Em that is the first to be pressed into the side of the starting shaft among the leading standard elements Em. In the case of this leading element Em, the tips of the first steel plate P1m and the second steel plate P2m are inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the element Em to facilitate pressing into the side of the starting shaft. However, in the leading standard element Em that is arranged midway along the entire length of the multiple elements Em arranged in series, the tips of the first steel plate P1m and the second steel plate P2m are not inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the element Em, but are perpendicular thereto.

[0075] 12(a) is a plan view of the third steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A3 in FIG. 10, and FIG. 12(b) is a plan view of the fourth steel plate of the leading standard element as viewed from the direction of arrow A4 in FIG. 10.

[0076] 12(a) and 12(b), the third steel plate P3m and the fourth steel plate P4m are formed, for example, from long, flat steel plates. The above-mentioned joints J1 and J2 are provided so as to protrude outward from both long sides of the third steel plate P3m and the fourth steel plate P4m, and extend along the longitudinal direction of the third steel plate P3m and the fourth steel plate P4m.

[0077] 13(a) is a plan view of the first steel plate of the subsequent standard element as viewed in the direction of arrow A1 in FIG. 10, and FIG. 13(b) is a plan view of the second steel plate of the subsequent standard element as viewed in the direction of arrow A2 in FIG. 10.

[0078] As shown in Fig. 13(a), the first steel plate P1m of the following standard element Em is a wall-pillar structure (vertical stripe structure) made of steel plates, similar to the first steel plate P1m of the leading standard element E. Also, as shown in Fig. 13(b), the second steel plate P2m of the following standard element Em is formed of a flat steel plate, similar to the second steel plate P2m of the leading standard element E.

[0079] The second exhaust holes VH2 described above are drilled at the positions close to the fourth steel plate P4m in the second steel plate P2m of the following standard element Em at the distance L1 along the longitudinal direction of the element Em. However, the first exhaust holes VH1 (see FIG. 11(b)) described above are not drilled in the second steel plate P2m of the following standard element Em.

[0080] Furthermore, in the second steel plate P2m of the following standard element Em, at a position close to the third steel plate P3, through holes WH for passing the above-mentioned wires W1, W2 (see FIG. 4) are drilled at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the element Em. Note that the configurations of the third steel plate P3m and the fourth steel plate P4m of the following standard element Em are the same as those of the third steel plate P3m and the fourth steel plate P4m shown in FIG. 10, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0081] FIG. 14 is a front view of the elements showing the standard connection state of the elements.

[0082] As shown in Fig. 14, adjacent standard elements Em, Em are connected to each other by a joint J1 of one standard element Em and a joint J2 of the other standard element Em with a connection space CS between them. The joints J1, J1 are arranged on the outside, and the joints J2, J2 are arranged on the inside of the joints J1, J1. The joints J1, J1 and the joints J2, J2 overlap each other in contact with each other. In addition, by applying prestress to the wires W1, W2 (see Fig. 4), the tip surface of the joint J1 is abutted against the opposing second steel plate P2m, and the tip surface of the joint J2 is abutted against the opposing first steel plate P1m.

[0083] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14, in the bottom block Bb and ceiling block Bc (where elements Em are arranged side by side horizontally) of the element group EG shown in FIG. 9, of the adjacent standard elements Em, Em, the first steel plate P1m of one standard element Em is arranged to face the second steel plate P2m of the other standard element Em through the connecting space CS, and the fourth steel plate P4m is arranged on the ceiling side so that the exhaust holes VH (first exhaust hole VH1 and second exhaust hole VH2) drilled in the second steel plate P2m are located at the top.

[0084] In the two side blocks Bs (where elements Em are stacked vertically) of the element group EG shown in Fig. 9, the first steel plate P1m of one of the adjacent standard elements Em, Em is arranged to face the second steel plate P2m of the other standard element Em through the connecting space CS, and the first steel plate P1m is arranged to face the ceiling side and the opening TH formed in the first steel plate P1m faces upward, as in the case of rotating Fig. 16 90 degrees to the left. The second steel plate P2m is arranged to face downward, and serves as a work floor when performing excavation work etc. within the element Em.

[0085] FIG. 15 is a front view of the prestressing element.

[0086] The prestressing element Eb is formed of a rectangular steel pipe having a hollow space HS surrounded by the fifth to eighth steel plates P5b to P8b. The fifth steel plate P5b and the sixth steel plate P6b are arranged to face each other, and the seventh steel plate P7b and the eighth steel plate P8b are arranged to face each other while intersecting (orthogonal to) the fifth and sixth steel plates P5b and P6b. The front end face (first end face) in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the hollow space HS of the prestressing element Eb and its opposite rear end face (second end face) are also open, similar to the standard element Em.

[0087] Joints J2, J2 are joined to the outer surface of the fifth steel plate P5b near the corners of the element Eb. Also, joints J2, J2 are joined to the outer surface of the seventh steel plate P7b near the corners of the element Eb.

[0088] Figure 16(a) is a plan view of the fifth steel plate of the prestressing element as viewed from the direction of arrow A1 in Figure 15, and Figure 16(b) is a plan view of the seventh steel plate P7b of the prestressing element as viewed from the direction of arrow A5 in Figure 15.

[0089] As shown in Fig. 16(a) and (b), the fifth steel plate P5b and the seventh steel plate P7b are formed of flat steel plates. The fifth steel plate P5b and the seventh steel plate P7b have the above-mentioned through holes WH for wire insertion drilled at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the fifth steel plate P5b and the seventh steel plate P7b, but the above-mentioned exhaust holes VH are not drilled. This is because the prestressing element Eb is cast after concrete is cast in the standard element Em, so there is no place for the air in the prestressing element Eb to escape. For this reason, an air vent pipe with openings at predetermined intervals is installed in the prestressing element Em. The air vent pipe may have openings at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the prestressing element Eb, or multiple pipes may be arranged so that the positions of the tip openings are different.

[0090] 17(a) is a plan view of the eighth steel plate of the prestressing element as viewed from the direction of arrow A3 in FIG. 15, and FIG. 17(b) is a plan view of the sixth steel plate of the prestressing element as viewed from the direction of arrow A6 in FIG. 15.

[0091] 17(a) and 17(b), the sixth steel plate P6b and the eighth steel plate P8b are formed of flat steel plates. The sixth steel plate P6b and the eighth steel plate P8b do not have the above-mentioned through holes WH and exhaust holes VH.

[0092] FIG. 18 is a front view of the element showing the connection state between the prestressing element, the modified type standard element, and the standard element.

[0093] In the deformed type standard element Emc, the second steel plate P2m of the normal standard element Em is not provided, and the portion of the second steel plate P2m of the standard element Em is composed of the first steel plate P1m. That is, in the deformed type standard element Emc, the pair of first steel plates P1m, P1m are arranged to face each other.

[0094] This is because, if a normal standard element Em is placed next to the prestressing element Eb, a second steel plate P2m will be placed on the side facing the prestressing element Eb, and as a result, when fresh concrete is poured into the normal standard element Em, it will be obstructed by the second steel plate P2m of the normal standard element Em, and the fresh concrete will not flow into the connecting space CS between the prestressing element Eb and the adjacent normal standard element Em, and the connecting space CS will remain empty.

[0095] In contrast, if a deformed type standard element Emc is placed next to a prestressing element Eb, when fresh concrete is poured into the deformed type standard element Emc, the fresh concrete will flow into the connecting space CS between the prestressing element Eb and the adjacent normal standard element Em through the opening TH of the first steel plate P1m of the deformed type standard element Em, so that concrete can be filled into the connecting space CS.

[0096] Near the corner of the element group EG shown in Figure 9, the adjacent prestress introduction element Eb and the deformed type standard element Emc are arranged so that the first steel plate P1m of the deformed type standard element Emc faces the fifth steel plate P5b of the prestress introduction element Eb through the connecting space CS.

[0097] In addition, near the upper corner of the element group EG shown in Figure 9, the adjacent prestress introduction element Eb and standard element Em are arranged so that the first steel plate P1m of the standard element Em faces the seventh steel plate P7b of the prestress introduction element Eb through the connecting space CS.

[0098] The connection state at the joints J1, J2 between the adjacent prestress-introducing elements Eb and the deformed type standard elements Emc and standard elements Em is the same as that explained in Figure 14 etc., so the explanation will be omitted.

[0099] Next, the process of filling the element with ready-mixed concrete will be described with reference to FIG. 9 and FIGS. 19 to 23.

[0100] First, the sequence of pouring work for filling the elements E and the connection spaces CS with fresh concrete will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Pouring is carried out for each press-in location of the element group EG. The pouring time for one location is, for example, about one hour, and pouring is carried out at 5 to 6 locations per day.

[0101] In the bottom block Bb and the ceiling block Bc of the element group EG, concrete is poured in order from the prestressing elements Eb at both corners to the other prestressing element Eb. In the side blocks Bs of the element group EG, concrete is poured in order from the closing element Ec at the bottom to the standard element Em at the top. Finally, the prestressing element Eb is poured.

[0102] Next, FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a main portion of the element casting space.

[0103] As described above, the tip end of the casting space formed by the multiple elements E is blocked by earth and sand. In this embodiment, the total casting length is, for example, 50,000 to 100,000 mm as described above, but this is too long to be completed in one casting, so for example, a partition plate (partition member) PP is installed at a position 1 / 2 (25,000 to 50,000 mm) or 1 / 3 (16,000 to 33,000 mm) of the total length to divide the casting space, thereby forming a one-time casting space (concrete filling space) L3. Note that here, the length of the casting space L3 is, for example, 25,000 to 50,000 mm.

[0104] The partition plate PP is installed so as to close the opening of the element E. Here, as described above, the partition plate PP is installed in the center of the total pouring length, so the total pouring length is divided into two pouring spaces arranged in series. When pouring the rear pouring space after pouring the front one of these two pouring spaces, the tip face of the rear pouring space is blocked by the partition plate PP, so the leading element E having the above-mentioned exhaust hole VH1 is also arranged at the tip of the rear pouring space. The configuration of the partition plate PP will be explained later.

[0105] A filling detection sensor FD is installed at the innermost part (i.e., the tip of the element E) and the middle part of the pouring space L3. The filling detection sensor FD is a sensor that detects whether concrete has been filled at the sensor installation location in the pouring space L3, and is electrically connected to an external detection device via wiring (not shown).

[0106] In addition, a pressure pipe (inlet pipe) ST is installed in the casting space L3 to allow the fresh concrete to flow into the casting space L3. If the discharge port of the pressure pipe ST is installed in the innermost part of the casting space L3, the innermost part can be reliably filled with the fresh concrete. However, if the fresh concrete is pressure-fed to the innermost part and pushed out to the front side (inlet side), the capacity of the pump vehicle for pressure-fed becomes too large. Therefore, in this embodiment, the discharge port of the pressure pipe ST is arranged at approximately the center position of the casting space L3. This reduces the burden on the pump vehicle for pressure-fed, and therefore there is no need to use a pump vehicle with a large capacity. The distance L4 is half the length of the casting space L3.

[0107] Next, Figure 20(a) is a plan view of an example of a partition plate, Figure 20(b) is a plan view of the partition plate showing the state in which the opening and closing plates that make up the partition plate in Figure 20(a) have been removed, Figure 20(c) is a plan view of the opening and closing plates that make up the partition plate in Figure 20(a), Figure 21(a) is a cross-sectional view along line YY in Figure 20(b), and Figure 21(b) is a plan view showing the partition plate in Figure 20 disassembled.

[0108] 20 and 21, the partition plate PP is formed by joining two rectangular steel plates PP1 and PP2, which are butted together in the height direction when viewed from above. A through hole Hst for passing the pressure pipe ST is drilled in the partition plate PP.

[0109] In addition, a manhole Hh is drilled in the partition plate PP directly above the through hole Hst. This manhole Hh is a passage hole for workers to enter and exit the casting space L3, and is drilled, for example, in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The manhole Hh can be opened and closed freely by attaching and detaching the opening and closing plate BP.

[0110] The opening / closing plate BP is attached to the partition plate PP in a detachable state by the bolt Bt. Before pouring, the opening / closing plate BP is removed from the partition plate PP, and the pouring space L3 can be accessed through the manhole Hh. During pouring, the opening / closing plate BP is attached to the partition plate PP, and the manhole Hh is blocked.

[0111] Furthermore, in this embodiment, an expanded metal structure EX is provided on the upper layer of the partition plate PP and the opening / closing plate BP. This expanded metal structure EX has a plurality of through holes (third exhaust holes) He regularly arranged and drilled therein. The expanded metal structure EX is a structure for monitoring the state of the casting space L3 and releasing the air in the casting space L3 to the outside through the plurality of through holes He. The opening area (total area) of the plurality of through holes He of the expanded metal structure EX can be adjusted by covering the expanded metal structure EX with a steel plate (not shown). The diameter of each through hole He is, for example, 12 mm.

[0112] Such a partition plate PP1 is installed, for example, as follows. That is, as shown in Fig. 21(b), first, the lower steel plate PP1 is installed with the semicircular recess Hst1 on the upper side of the lower steel plate PP1 facing upward. Next, the pressure feed pipe ST is installed in the semicircular recess Hst1 of the lower steel plate PP1, and then the upper steel plate PP2 is butted against the lower steel plate PP1 with the semicircular recess Hst2 on the lower side of the upper steel plate PP2 aligned with the pressure feed pipe ST. Then, the upper steel plate PP1 and the lower steel plate PP2 are butted against each other and the butted portion is welded to install the partition plate PP.

[0113] 22(a) and (b) are plan views of modified examples of the partition plate, and FIG. 22(c) is a plan view of the opening and closing plate of FIGS. 22(a) and (b).

[0114] The configuration of the partition plate PP is not limited to the above and can be modified in various ways. For example, as shown in Fig. 22(a), a manhole may be drilled in the lower part of the partition plate PP, and a through hole Hst for the pressure pipe may be drilled diagonally above the manhole Hh. Also, as shown in Fig. 22(b), both the through hole Hst for the pressure pipe and the manhole Hh may be drilled in the lower part of the partition plate PP. In this case, the boundary between the upper and lower steel plates PP1 and PP2 is located midway in the height direction of the manhole Hh. In these cases, as shown in Fig. 22(c), no through hole He is drilled in the opening and closing plate BP.

[0115] Next, a method for filling the above-mentioned casting space with concrete will be described with reference to Figs.

[0116] As shown in FIG. 19, when pouring, fresh concrete is discharged from the discharge port of the pressure pipe ST and filled from the back of the pouring space L3. At this time, all the through holes He of the partition plate BP are blocked with a steel plate (not shown) or the like. Alternatively, the total opening area of ​​the multiple through holes of the partition plate BP is made smaller than the total opening area of ​​the exhaust hole VH of the element E. In other words, when pouring, the air in the pouring space L3 is restricted from being exhausted from the multiple through holes He of the partition plate BP, and is encouraged to be exhausted from the exhaust hole VH (especially the first exhaust hole VH1) of the element E. This allows the fresh concrete to be preferentially filled at the back of the pouring space L3.

[0117] Next, when the rear side of the casting space L3 is filled with fresh concrete, all of the through holes He of the partition plate BP are opened. This allows the air in the casting space L3 to be exhausted through the second exhaust hole VH2 of the element E and the through holes He of the partition plate BP, while fresh concrete is filled in the front side of the casting space L3.

[0118] In this way, the pouring space L3 is filled with fresh concrete. In this case, the press-in pipe ST and the partition plate PP are left buried in the concrete. The concrete is filled up to the inlet of the press-in pipe ST. If concrete is to be poured further into the front half of the pouring space, a separate press-in pipe ST is placed.

[0119] Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the leading standard element during casting. Figure 23 illustrates an example where three standard elements Em are arranged side by side. Also, here, the leftmost standard element E is already filled with fresh concrete CC, and the example illustrates how fresh concrete CC is being poured into the central standard element Em. Note that the location where multiple standard elements Em are stacked vertically is the same as when Figure 23 is rotated 90 degrees to the left, and they are cast in order from the bottom.

[0120] First, fresh concrete CC is poured into the hollow space HS of the central standard element Em. Then, the fresh concrete CC that has flowed into the hollow space HS of the central standard element Em and the air in the hollow space HS of the central standard element Em flow into the connecting space CS adjacent to the right side of the central standard element Em through the opening TH of the first steel plate P1m of the central standard element Em.

[0121] Furthermore, the air flowing into the connecting space CS adjacent to the right side of the central standard element Em escapes into the hollow space HS of the rightmost standard element Em through the exhaust holes VH (first exhaust hole VH1 and second exhaust hole VH2) drilled in the second steel plate P2m of the rightmost standard element Em.

[0122] In this embodiment, as described above, the first exhaust hole VH1 drilled at the tip of the standard element Em is arranged closer to the second exhaust hole VH2 drilled at a part other than the tip of the element Em, so that air can be efficiently released at the tip of the standard element Em. This makes it possible to speed up the filling of the raw concrete CC into the innermost part of the hollow space HS of the standard element Em, and even when the tip face of the standard element Em is blocked, the raw concrete CC can be satisfactorily filled into the innermost part of the hollow space HS of the standard element Em without creating gaps or air pockets. Therefore, the strength of the pipe roof PR shown in FIG. 7 can be improved.

[0123] Furthermore, as described above, the exhaust holes VH (first exhaust hole VH1 and second exhaust hole VH2) drilled in the second steel plate P2m of the standard element Em are naturally blocked by the coarse aggregate contained in the fresh concrete CC, so that the fresh concrete CC that has flowed into the connecting space CS will not flow through the exhaust holes VH (first exhaust hole VH1 and second exhaust hole VH2) into the hollow space HS of the standard element Em adjacent to the right side of the standard element Em to be poured.

[0124] Next, an example of a method for determining whether the innermost part of the above-mentioned pouring space has been filled with ready-mixed concrete will be described with reference to Figs.

[0125] In this embodiment, when fresh concrete is poured into the element to be poured, the exhaust sound generated by the air inside the element to be poured leaking through the exhaust hole into the monitoring element next to the element to be poured is monitored, and when the exhaust sound disappears, it is determined that the inner part of the element to be poured has been filled with fresh concrete. Figure 24(a) is a plan view of a sound monitoring device that monitors the exhaust sound generated in the monitoring element.

[0126] The sound monitoring device SD is a device that monitors exhaust noise generated within a monitoring element, and is equipped with a sound collecting microphone (sound detection means) SS that detects exhaust noise, a sound output device AD ​​that outputs the sound detection signal detected by the sound collecting microphone SS in a state that can be recognized by an operator, and wiring LS1 that electrically connects them. By using the sound monitoring device SD with such a simple configuration, construction costs can be reduced.

[0127] The sound output device AD ​​is, for example, an acoustic device that outputs a detection signal detected by a sound collecting microphone SS as an audible range sound wave with a freely adjustable volume. However, the sound output device AD ​​is not limited to one that outputs an audible range sound wave, and may be configured to display the sound pressure level of the exhaust sound by different luminous colors using LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) or the like. For example, when the exhaust sound is at a normal sound pressure level, it emits blue light, when the exhaust sound has attenuated to a predetermined sound pressure level, it emits yellow light, and when the sound pressure level of the exhaust sound reaches a disappearance level, it emits red light. This allows the disappearance of the exhaust sound to be more clearly recognized, and it is possible to determine with high reproducibility that the concrete has been filled.

[0128] The sound output device AD ​​may be configured to output sound waves in the audible range and to display the emitted light color, or may be configured to only display the emitted light color. Also, the sound output device AD ​​may be provided with a liquid crystal screen to display the exhaust sound status by characters or the like instead of the emitted light color.

[0129] In this embodiment, in addition to the judgment by the sound monitoring device SD described above, when fresh concrete flows into the element to be poured, an image of the exhaust hole in the monitoring element is monitored, and when the fresh concrete in the element to be poured leaks into the monitoring element through the exhaust hole, it is judged that the element to be poured has been filled with concrete. Figure 24(b) is a plan view of an image monitoring device that monitors the state of the exhaust hole through which air is exhausted in the monitoring element.

[0130] The image monitoring device GD is a device that monitors the condition of the exhaust hole through which air leaks from within the element to be poured in the monitored element, and is equipped with a small camera (image detection means) GS that takes an image of the exhaust hole, an image output device LD that displays the image taken by the small camera GS on an LCD screen or the like, and wiring LS2 that electrically connects these. In this way, by using the image monitoring device GD with a simple configuration without using an expensive sewage adjustment robot or an industrial borehole camera, construction costs can be reduced.

[0131] Here, the case where the sound output device AD ​​and the image output device LD are separate has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the sound output device AD ​​and the image output device LD may be integrated together, which allows the monitoring device to be made smaller and lighter.

[0132] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of some of the elements in the ceiling block of FIG.

[0133] Elements Em1 to Em4 are elements within the pouring range. Among these, the leftmost element Em1 is the pouring target element that is filled with fresh concrete first. The element Em2 to the right of this pouring target element Em1 is a monitoring element that monitors the filling status when fresh concrete is being filled into the pouring target element Em1. Furthermore, element Em5, which is located outside the pouring range and separated from this monitoring element Em2 via multiple elements Em3 and Em4, is a standby element where a monitoring operator waits. The monitoring operator is an operator who monitors and checks the filling status, and for example, only one person waits in the standby element Em5.

[0134] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the plurality of elements shown in FIG. 25 after the sound monitoring device and image monitoring device shown in FIG. 24 have been installed.

[0135] First, two long cylindrical flexible protective tubes (first protective member, second protective member) PT, PT are prepared. The protective tube PT is made of a resin such as polyethylene. By using polyethylene as the constituent material of the protective tube PT, the protective tube PT can be made lighter, thereby reducing the burden on the monitoring operator. In addition, by using polyethylene, which has high corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance, the life of the protective tube PT can be improved. Furthermore, costs can be reduced compared to when the protective tube PT is made of metal. However, the constituent material of the protective tube PT is not limited to resin, and it may be made of rubber, for example. In this case, the same effect as when resin is used can be obtained.

[0136] Next, with the wiring LS1 of the sound monitoring device SD inserted into one protective tube PT, a sound collecting microphone SS is placed on one end face of the protective tube PT and a sound output device AD ​​is placed on the other end face in the longitudinal direction of the protective tube PT. Also, with the wiring LS2 of the image monitoring device GD inserted into the other protective tube PT, a small camera GS is placed on one end face in the longitudinal direction of the protective tube PT and an image output device LD is placed on the other end face in the longitudinal direction of the protective tube PT.

[0137] Next, in the standby element Em5, with the sound collecting microphone SS and the small microphone GS at the top, the respective protective tubes PT, PT are inserted into the exhaust hole VH1 of the standby element Em5. At this time, of the multiple exhaust holes VH1 of the element Em5, the two protective tubes PT, PT are inserted into the two exhaust holes VH1, VH1 located at the most tip side of the element Em5.

[0138] Next, the two protective tubes PT, PT are inserted into the monitoring element Em2 through the exhaust holes VH1 and opening TH of the elements Em3, Em4, to install the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS in the monitoring element Em2. At this time, too, the two protective tubes PT, PT are inserted into the two exhaust holes VH1, VH1 located at the most distal end of the elements Em2 to Em4 out of the exhaust holes VH1 of the elements Em2 to Em4.

[0139] In this manner, the sound collecting microphone SS of the sound monitoring device SD shown in FIG. 24(a) is installed in the monitoring element Em2, and the wiring LS1 electrically connected to the sound collecting microphone SS is enclosed in the protective tube PT and passes through the exhaust hole VH1 and the opening TH to cross multiple elements Em3 and Em4, and the sound output device AD ​​electrically connected to the other end of the wiring LS1 is installed in the standby element Em5.

[0140] In addition, the small camera GS of the image monitoring device GD shown in Figure 24 (b) is installed in the monitoring element Em2, and the wiring LS2 electrically connected to the small camera GS is enclosed in a protective tube PT and passes through multiple elements Em3 and Em4 through the exhaust hole VH1 and the opening TH, and the image output device LD electrically connected to the other end of the wiring LS2 is installed in the standby element Em5.

[0141] Next, FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the multiple elements shown in FIG. 25 during pouring.

[0142] First, the sound monitoring device SD and image monitoring device GD are turned on to start the operation of the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS. Next, when raw concrete CC is poured into the element Em1 to be poured and pouring begins, exhaust noise is generated when the air in the element Em1 to be poured leaks through the exhaust hole VH into the adjacent monitoring element Em2.

[0143] At this time, the monitoring worker in the standby element Em5 mainly monitors the exhaust sound collected by the sound collecting microphone SS in the monitoring element Em2 and output from the sound output device AD, and also monitors the state of the exhaust hole VH1, which is photographed by the small camera GS in the monitoring element Em2 and output from the image output device LD. That is, the monitoring worker monitors the filling status of the raw concrete CC in the inner part of the element Em1 to be poured, using the sound monitoring device SD and the image monitoring device GD, in the standby element Em5 away from the monitoring element Em2. Then, when the exhaust sound disappears, it is determined that the inner part of the element Em1 to be poured has been filled with raw concrete CC. Also, when the exhaust sound disappears, the image of the exhaust hole VH1 displayed through the image output device LD is confirmed. At this time, if raw concrete CC leaks from the exhaust hole VH1, it is confirmed again that the inner part of the element Em1 to be poured has been filled with raw concrete CC.

[0144] Although it is possible to confirm the completion of concrete filling only by the detection information from the sound collecting microphone SS, it is possible to make a more reliable judgment of the completion of filling by judging that the raw concrete CC has been filled in the inner part of the element Em1 to be poured based on the information obtained from both the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS. Therefore, it is possible to improve the reliability of the judgment of the completion of filling.

[0145] In addition, by referring to the information from the filling detection sensor FD (see FIG. 19), it may be possible to confirm again that the raw concrete CC has been filled into the innermost part of the element Em1 to be poured. This can further improve the reliability of the determination of the completion of filling.

[0146] However, the filling detection sensor FD is expensive, and since the wiring is drawn over a long distance from the front side to the back side of the element row, there is a risk of the wiring being broken, and the filling detection sensor FD may be pushed by the flow of concrete and move from its designated position, which may reduce the reliability of the detection result. In contrast, in this embodiment, both the sound monitoring device AD ​​and the image monitoring device GD are low-priced, and since the wiring LS1 and LS2 are enclosed and protected by the protective tube PT, there is no risk of the wiring being broken, and the installation positions of the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS do not shift from their designated positions, which improves the reliability of the detection result, so it is not necessary to use the filling detection sensor FD. In that case, the construction cost can be reduced.

[0147] Next, Figure 28(a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main parts of the multiple elements shown in Figure 25 after casting, and Figure 28(b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main parts of the multiple elements in Figure 25 after the sound-collecting microphone and small camera have been moved.

[0148] As shown in Figure 28(a), once it is determined that fresh concrete CC has been filled at the back of the element Em1 to be poured, as described above, the sound collecting microphone SS and small camera GS in the monitoring element Em2 are pulled together with the protective tube PT inside the waiting element Em5 (see Figure 27, etc.), and as shown in Figure 28(b), the sound collecting microphone SS and small camera GS are moved to the element Em3 to the right of the monitoring element Em2 and installed in a predetermined position.

[0149] When the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS are moved, the wiring LS1 and LS2 can be protected by the protective tube PT, so that the wiring LS1 and LS2 can be prevented from being broken. Also, the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS can be moved smoothly by the protective tube PT. Furthermore, by marking the surface of the protective tube PT for each pulling distance (distance moved once), the movement positions of the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS can be easily set.

[0150] The pulled-out protective tube PT is stored in a rolled and bundled state in the standby element Em5 (see FIG. 27, etc.). This allows the protective tube PT to be properly stored in the standby element Em5, and allows the sound output device AD ​​and image output device LD to be set in fixed positions. The pulled-out protective tube PT may also be wound up by a take-up reel or the like. This makes it easier to pull out the protective tube PT.

[0151] Next, FIG. 29 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main parts of the multiple elements shown in FIG. 25 during casting, following FIG.

[0152] In the subsequent pouring process, element Em2 is the element to be poured, and its right adjacent element Em3 is the element to be monitored. As described above, fresh concrete CC is poured into element Em2 to be poured, and the filling status is detected by the sound collecting microphone SS and small camera GS installed in the monitoring element Em3, and the detection information is monitored in the standby element Em5 (see FIG. 25, etc.). As described above, when it is determined that fresh concrete CC has been filled in the inner part of element Em2 to be poured, the sound collecting microphone SS and small camera GS are moved from the monitoring element Em3 to the right adjacent element Em4 and installed in a predetermined position.

[0153] In this way, the elements Em to be poured and the monitoring elements Em are shifted one row at a time toward the waiting element Em5 (see Figure 25, etc.), and the process of pouring in fresh concrete and moving and installing the monitoring and detection units (sound-collecting microphone SS and small camera GS) is repeated until all of the elements Em are filled with fresh concrete CC and the pipe roof PR (see Figure 7, etc.) is completed.

[0154] As shown in Figure 31, in the conventional monitoring work considered by the inventor, in order to confirm that concrete 53 has been filled into element 50b to be poured, a monitoring worker enters element 50c adjacent to the element 50b to be poured, and monitors at three locations in the longitudinal direction of element 50c, namely the innermost, center, and front, for concrete 53 flowing into element 50b to be poured to leak through air vent hole 52 into element 50c where the monitoring worker is waiting.

[0155] In this case, the monitoring worker waits while monitoring until concrete 53 leaks from all monitoring positions within element 50, and when this is confirmed, he or she leaves that element 50 and enters the adjacent element 50, and repeats this series of monitoring operations for multiple elements within the pouring range. Here, in the construction examined by the inventor, it takes, for example, about one hour to fill one element 50 with concrete 53, so the monitoring worker repeatedly enters and exits, for example, five to seven elements 50 in one day.

[0156] However, the inside of the element 50 is a narrow space where an adult can enter by bending over, and since a plurality of pressure pipes for pressure-feeding the concrete 53 are installed inside the element 50, and angles for installing the pressure pipes and a plurality of wires for fixing the elements 50 together are also installed, the monitoring worker must move around the element 50 while bending over and twisting his / her body to avoid obstacles, which makes it very difficult to move around. Moreover, the element 50 examined by the inventor has an extremely long overall length, and as described above, five to seven elements 50 are entered and exited in a day, so the monitoring work to confirm that the elements 50 have been filled with concrete 53 is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task.

[0157] In contrast, in this embodiment, the monitoring worker can monitor the concrete filling status in the multiple elements Em in the standby element Em5 (see FIG. 25, etc.) and determine the completion of filling. In other words, there is no need to move long distances in and out of the multiple elements E, which are narrow and have many obstacles, for the monitoring work. This makes it easier to monitor to confirm that the element Em has been filled with concrete. In addition, the time required for the monitoring work to confirm that the element Em has been filled with concrete can be shortened. Note that, since the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS are installed across the multiple elements Em within the pouring range, the worker will enter all the elements before the pouring work, but since this is done as part of other work for preparing for pouring, the burden on the monitoring worker is significantly reduced.

[0158] (Second embodiment)

[0159] Figure 30(a) is a cross-sectional view of multiple elements after the sound monitoring device and image monitoring device shown in Figure 24 have been installed in the second embodiment, Figure 30(b) is an enlarged plan view of the essential parts of the tip portion in a modified example of the first steel plate and second steel plate that constitute the element in Figure 30(a), and Figure 30(c) is an enlarged plan view of the essential parts of the central portion in a modified example of the first steel plate and second steel plate that constitute the element in Figure 30(a).

[0160] In this embodiment, adjacent elements E, E are installed in parallel in direct contact with each other with no connecting space between them. Element E is formed of a long rectangular steel pipe having a hollow space HS surrounded by a first steel plate P1 and a second steel plate P2 arranged to face each other, and a third steel plate P3 and a fourth steel plate P4 arranged to face each other and intersect with the first steel plate P1 and the second steel plate P2.

[0161] The first steel plate P1 has exhaust holes (first holes) VH (first exhaust hole VH1 and second exhaust hole VH2) formed therein, similar to the second steel plate P2m of the standard element Em shown in Fig. 11(b). The second steel plate P2 also has exhaust holes (second holes) VH (first exhaust hole VH1 and second exhaust hole VH2) formed therein, similar to the second steel plate P2m of the standard element Em shown in Fig. 11(b). The first steel plate P1 and the second steel plate P2 of the adjacent elements E, E are in contact with each other with their exhaust holes VH aligned and facing each other.

[0162] In this case, the arrangement and monitoring of the sound monitoring device SD and image monitoring device GD are the same as those described in the first embodiment. That is, a sound collecting microphone SS and a small microphone GS are installed in a monitoring element E2 adjacent to the element E1 to be poured, and the filling status is monitored in a standby element E5 away from the monitoring element E2 based on information detected by the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS, and the completion of filling is determined. Furthermore, when it is determined that filling is complete, the sound collecting microphone SS and the small camera GS are moved together with the protective tube PT into the adjacent element E3 and installed at a predetermined position, as in the first embodiment.

[0163] In this way, by repeating the process of pouring fresh concrete and moving and installing the monitoring and detection units (sound collecting microphone SS and small camera GS) while shifting the elements E to be poured and the monitoring elements E row by row toward the standby elements E, fresh concrete is filled into all the elements E to complete the pipe roof PR (see FIG. 7, etc.). In this embodiment as well, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

[0164] However, the shape and size of the exhaust holes of the second steel plate P2 constituting the element E of this embodiment are not limited to those described above and can be modified in various ways. For example, they may be as shown in Fig. 30(b) and (c). That is, in Fig. 30(b), an exhaust hole VH3 formed in the second steel plate P2 is formed so as to include a plurality of exhaust holes VH1 formed in the first steel plate P1. Also, in Fig. 30(c), an exhaust hole VH4 formed in the second steel plate P2 is formed to have a larger diameter than the exhaust hole VH2 formed in the first steel plate P1.

[0165] This makes it possible to ease the alignment precision required between the exhaust holes VH1, VH2 of the first steel plate P1 and the exhaust holes VH3, VH4 of the second steel plate P2 in adjacent elements E, E. Even if the size of the exhaust holes VH3, VH4 of the second steel plate P2 is increased, the exhaust holes VH (VH1, VH2) of the first steel plate P1 are blocked by the coarse aggregate contained in the concrete in the same manner as described above, so that raw concrete flowing into the element E to be poured will not flow into the adjacent element E through the exhaust holes VH (VH1, VH2).

[0166] Also, exhaust holes VH3 and VH4 can be formed in the first steel plate P1, and the first exhaust hole VH1 and the second exhaust hole VH2 can be formed in the second steel plate P2. In this case, the alignment precision between the exhaust holes can be relaxed. However, if the exhaust holes of the first steel plate P1 on the side of the element E where the concrete is poured are made large like the exhaust holes VH3 and VH4, if there is a gap between the element E where the concrete is poured and the adjacent element E, the concrete may flow into the gap through the exhaust holes VH3 and VH4.

[0167] In contrast, by forming exhaust holes VH (VH1, VH2) on the side of the first steel plate P1 of the element E into which concrete is poured as described above, the exhaust holes VH (VH1, VH2) are blocked by coarse aggregate, so that even if there are gaps between adjacent elements E, E, concrete will not flow out from the element E into which concrete is poured into the gaps between elements E, E.

[0168] The invention made by the inventor has been specifically described above based on the embodiments, but the embodiments disclosed in this specification are illustrative in all respects and are not limited to the disclosed technology. In other words, the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted restrictively based on the description in the above embodiments, but should be interpreted strictly according to the description in the claims, and includes technologies equivalent to the described technologies in the claims and all modifications that do not deviate from the gist of the claims.

[0169] In the above embodiment, a case has been described in which a full-circumference type pipe roof is constructed in which elements surround the entire periphery of an underground structure, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied in various ways, for example, it can be applied to the construction of a sector-shaped, semicircular, portal-shaped or linear-shaped pipe roof.

[0170] In the above embodiment, the first steel plate of the element is described as having a wall column structure (vertical stripe structure) made of steel plate, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the first steel plate may be a flat plate with an opening in a part of it. In this case, the opening is formed in the upper part of the first steel plate. Also, the steel plate part Ps of the first steel plate P1m may be arranged obliquely rather than perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the element Em, and may be arranged in a truss shape, for example.

[0171] In the above embodiment, the wiring of the sound monitoring device and the image monitoring device are housed in separate protective tubes, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the wiring of the sound monitoring device and the image monitoring device may be housed in a single protective tube. That is, one protective tube (first protective member) PT may also serve as the other protective tube (second protective member) PT. This makes it easier to move the sound collecting microphone and the small camera, and allows only one first exhaust hole to be used during movement.

[0172] In addition, this sound monitoring device and image monitoring device may be placed not only at the first exhaust hole VH1 on the tip face side of the element, but also at the second exhaust hole VH2, which is an exhaust hole provided other than at the tip face of the element, to check the concrete pouring status. [Industrial Applicability]

[0173] In the above explanation, the present invention has been described as being applied to the construction of a tunnel for railway facilities, but the present invention is not limited to this and can also be applied to the construction of other underground structures, such as underground shopping malls. [Explanation of symbols]

[0174] PR Pipe Roof EG Elements Bb Bottom Block Bc Ceiling block Bs Side Block E, E1 to E5 elements Em Standard Elements Standard elements of emc variants Eb Prestressing element P1m, P1 First steel plate Ps steel plate part P2m, P2 Second steel plate P3m, P3 3rd steel plate P4m, P4 4th steel plate P5b 5th Steel Plate P6b 6th Steel Plate P7b 7th Steel Plate P8b 8th Steel Plate HS hollow space CS connected space J1, J2 joint TH opening VH exhaust hole VH1 First exhaust hole VH2 Second exhaust VH3, VH4 exhaust hole WH through hole CC Concrete W1, W2 Wire PP Partition Board PP1.PP2 Steel plate EX Expanded metal structure He through hole Hst through hole Hh person hole BP opening and closing plate L3 Pouring space FD filling detection sensor ST Pressure Pipe G Construction site DH starting shaft RM propulsion machine Tp Tunnel planned location T-Tunnel SD Sound Monitoring Device SS Sound collection microphone AD Sound Output Device GD Image monitoring device GS Small Camera LD Image Output Device LS1, LS2 wiring PT protection tube

Claims

1. an element preparation process for preparing a plurality of rectangular tubular elements having a hollow space surrounded by a first steel plate and a second steel plate facing each other and a third steel plate and a fourth steel plate facing each other while intersecting the first steel plate and the second steel plate, the elements having a first end face in the axial direction of the hollow space and a second end face opposite to the first end face, the first end face being open; an element pressing process for pressing the elements into the ground while excavating and discharging soil in front of the elements with the first end faces of the elements facing the side of the starting shaft, thereby arranging a plurality of elements in parallel along the circumferential direction of the planned underground structure on the side of the starting shaft; a concrete filling step of filling the hollow space of the element with concrete in a state in which the first end face of the element is closed after the element press-in step; having The element preparation step includes a step of preparing the element in which a first hole is drilled in the first steel plate and a second hole is drilled in the second steel plate, The element press-fitting step includes a step of installing the elements so that the first steel plate and the second steel plate of the adjacent elements face each other with the first hole and the second hole aligned, In the concrete filling process, (a) installing a sound detection means in a monitoring element adjacent in the circumferential direction to an element to be poured among the plurality of elements, and pulling a first wiring electrically connected to the sound detection means through the first hole and the second hole from the monitoring element across the plurality of elements lined up in the circumferential direction while being enclosed by a first protective member into a standby element, and installing a sound output means electrically connected to the sound detection means through the first wiring in the standby element; (b) installing the sound detection means in a monitoring element, and then pouring concrete into the element to be poured; (c) after the step (b), detecting the exhaust sound of the air exhausted from the first hole and the second hole communicating between the element to be poured and the monitoring element into the monitoring element by the sound detection means; (d) monitoring the information detected by the sound detection means in the standby element with the sound output means, and determining that the concrete has been filled in the element to be poured when it is confirmed that the discharge sound has disappeared; (e) after the step (d), moving and installing the sound detection means and the first wiring together with the first protective member from within the monitoring element into an element adjacent to the monitoring element in the circumferential direction through the first hole and the second hole; having A pipe roof construction method, characterized in that the steps (b) to (e) are repeated while shifting the element to be poured and the monitoring element one row at a time toward the waiting element.

2. 2. The pipe roof construction method according to claim 1, wherein the first protective member is made of a flexible resin pipe or rubber pipe.

3. In the concrete filling process, a step prior to step (b), of installing an image detection means within the monitoring element, and placing a second wiring electrically connected to the image detection means within the standby element through the first hole and the second hole, with a second protective member enclosing the second wiring, across a plurality of elements arranged side by side along the circumferential direction from the monitoring element, and installing an image output means electrically connected to the image detection means through the second wiring within the standby element; In the step (b), an image detection means is installed in the monitoring element, and then concrete is poured into the element to be poured; During the step (c), a step of photographing the second hole communicating between the element to be poured and the monitoring element by the image detection means; During the step (d), when it is confirmed through the image output means that the concrete is leaking from the second hole in the standby element after the discharge sound disappears, reconfirming that the concrete has been filled in the element to be poured; a step of moving and installing the image detection means and the second wiring together with the second protective member from within the monitoring element into an element adjacent to the monitoring element in the circumferential direction through the first hole and the second hole during the step (e); 3. The pipe roof construction method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

4. 4. The pipe roof construction method according to claim 3, wherein the second protective member is made of a flexible resin pipe or rubber pipe.

5. 5. The pipe roof construction method according to claim 3, wherein the first protective member also serves as the second protective member.

6. In the process of pressing in the elements, the elements are arranged in parallel in a state in which they are connected to each other via a connection space between adjacent elements, and the first steel plate and the second steel plate of the adjacent elements are arranged in a state in which they face each other via the connection space, a through hole constituting the first hole, the through hole being formed so as to communicate the hollow space with the connecting space, and allowing the concrete and air in the hollow space to flow into the connecting space when the concrete is poured into the element; and a hole constituting the second hole, the through hole being formed so as to communicate the hollow space with the connecting space, and allowing the air in the hollow space and the connecting space to escape when the concrete is poured into the element, the second steel plate being formed with an exhaust hole being formed so as to communicate the hollow space with the connecting space, the exhaust hole being formed at a position closer to the fourth steel plate than to the third steel plate, and having a plurality of first exhaust holes provided on the first end face side of the element and a second exhaust hole provided on a side other than the first end face side of the element, and a total opening area of ​​the first exhaust holes is larger than an opening area of ​​each of the second exhaust holes; The pipe roof construction method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the first protective member and the second protective member are inserted into the first exhaust hole.

7. 7. A pipe roof construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that the first exhaust holes are arranged at predetermined first distances along the longitudinal direction of the element, and the second exhaust holes are arranged at second distances along the longitudinal direction of the element that are longer than the first distances.

8. 8. The pipe roof construction method according to claim 6, wherein the diameters of the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole are smaller than the diameter of the coarse aggregate of the concrete.

9. The pipe roof construction method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole have the same dimensions.

10. In the concrete filling process, a partition member installation step of preparing a partition member having a third exhaust hole whose opening area is adjustable, and installing the partition member in the element so as to partition the hollow space, before the concrete pouring step of the step (b), thereby forming a concrete filling space in the element; an inlet pipe installation step of installing an inlet pipe for injecting concrete into the concrete filling space before the concrete injecting step (b); having The pipe roof construction method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that, when the concrete is flowed into the concrete filling space through the inlet pipe, in step (d), before it is determined that the concrete has been filled on the first end face side of the element, all of the third exhaust holes of the partition member are blocked or the opening area of ​​the third exhaust holes is made smaller than the opening area of ​​the exhaust holes of the element, and when it is determined in step (d) that the concrete has been filled on the first end face side of the element, the concrete is flowed into the concrete filling space with the third exhaust hole opened.

11. The pipe roof construction method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the first steel plate of the element is configured with a vertical stripe structure in which a steel plate of a predetermined width is joined between the third steel plate and the fourth steel plate in the longitudinal direction of the element, and an opening formed in the vertical stripe structure also serves as the first hole.

12. In the process of pressing in the elements, the elements are arranged in parallel, and the first steel plate and the second steel plate of the adjacent elements are arranged so as to be in contact with each other; In the element preparation step, a plurality of elements are prepared, the first steel plate having exhaust holes which constitute the first hole, are formed so as to communicate the hollow space with the outside, and allow air in the hollow space to escape when the concrete is poured into the element, the exhaust holes being formed at a position closer to the fourth steel plate than to the third steel plate, and the exhaust holes have a plurality of first exhaust holes provided on the first end face side of the element and a second exhaust hole provided on a side other than the first end face side of the element, and a total opening area of ​​the first exhaust holes is larger than an opening area per one of the second exhaust holes; The pipe roof construction method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the first protective member and the second protective member are inserted into the first exhaust hole.

13. The pipe roof construction method according to claim 12, characterized in that in the element preparation process, the plurality of elements are prepared in which the second steel plate has an exhaust hole the same as the exhaust hole of the first steel plate drilled as the second hole.

14. A pipe roof construction method as described in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the first exhaust holes are arranged at predetermined first distances along the longitudinal direction of the element, and the second exhaust holes are arranged at second distances along the longitudinal direction of the element that are longer than the first distances.

15. The pipe roof construction method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the diameters of the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole are smaller than the diameter of the coarse aggregate of the concrete.

16. The pipe roof construction method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the first exhaust hole and the second exhaust hole have the same dimensions.

Images