Mining receding energy absorption component and coal mine tunnel supporting structure and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining receding energy-absorbing component and a coal mine roadway supporting structure and method, relates to the field of coal mine roadway supporting structures in underground engineering, solves the problem that large deformation and high bearing capacity cannot be unified in the roadway supporting process in the prior art, and has the beneficial effects that energy is fully absorbed, and the bearing capacity is guaranteed. According to the specific scheme, the mining receding energy-absorbing component comprises at least two energy-absorbing surface layers, every two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers are connected through a supporting connecting rod, the supporting connecting rods have set rigidity, the energy-absorbing surface layers are made of flexible deformable materials, each energy-absorbing surface layer comprises a plurality of unit cell units, and the unit cell units are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns. Every two adjacent unit cell units in each row are connected, every two adjacent unit cell units in each column are connected, each unit cell unit comprises a plurality of arc-shaped pieces, the opening direction of the arc-shaped pieces is far away from the center of the unit cell unit, the arc-shaped pieces are sequentially connected clockwise to form the unit cell unit, and every two adjacent unit cell units of the same energy absorption surface layer are connected through the arc-shaped pieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of coal mine tunnel support structures in underground engineering, in particular to a mine-used yielding energy absorbing component, a coal mine tunnel support structure and a method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a solution of using a single flexible material in the process of tunnel support. For example, Chinese patent application CN201220125081.4 discloses a mine-used rapid energy-absorbing, anti-impact and yielding support component, which utilizes a flexible material to deform to absorb energy. However, a single flexible material has insufficient structural bearing capacity and is difficult to adapt to high load conditions. In addition, in the prior art, foam concrete is also used in the process of tunnel support. Foam concrete is prone to brittle failure and is easily crushed. Once crushed, it is difficult to resist compression together with other protective structures, resulting in insufficient stability of the tunnel support structure. In other words, there is a problem that large deformation and high bearing capacity cannot be unified in the process of tunnel support.

[0004] In addition, foam metal materials are usually used in tunnel support, which are prone to induce gas explosions and have insufficient safety issues. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mining-use energy-absorbing component which has a simple structure, strong functionality, and can achieve the unity of large deformation and high load-bearing capacity.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component comprises at least two layers of energy-absorbing surface layers, wherein two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers are connected by a supporting connecting rod, the supporting connecting rod has a set stiffness, the energy-absorbing surface layer is made of a flexible deformable material, the energy-absorbing surface layer comprises a plurality of single-cell units, the plurality of single-cell units are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, two adjacent single-cell units in each row are connected, and two adjacent single-cell units in each column are connected, the single-cell unit comprises a plurality of arc-shaped parts, the opening direction of the arc-shaped parts is away from the center of the single-cell unit, the plurality of arc-shaped parts are connected in sequence in a clockwise direction to form a single-cell unit, two adjacent single-cell units in the same energy-absorbing surface layer are connected by the arc-shaped parts to form a first energy-absorbing cavity, and the supporting connecting rod movably connects the single-cell units in the two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers.

[0007] In the mining-use energy-absorbing component as described above, a pair of unit cells in two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers are connected by at least two support connecting rods, and a plurality of support connecting rods connecting a pair of unit cells in two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers are staggeredly arranged.

[0008] In the mining energy-absorbing component as described above, the inclination angle between the support connecting rod and the line connecting the center points of a pair of unit cells in two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers is 30°-60°, so as to guide the energy-absorbing surface layer to collapse toward the force-bearing point when the external force is too large.

[0009] In the mining-use energy-absorbing component as described above, the supporting connecting rod is a straight rod or a double-helical rod.

[0010] As described above, in a mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component, when the supporting connecting rod adopts a double-helix rod, the helix angle α satisfies 5°≤α≤30°, and the pitch d is 2-5 times the diameter of a single rod in the double-helix rod. The double-helix rod adjusts the synergistic effect of torsional deformation and axial compression through the helix angle to achieve a multi-level energy dissipation path.

[0011] In the mining-use energy-absorbing member as described above, the end of the support connecting rod is connected to the unit cell through a hinge component, and a damping member is arranged at the hinge component to ensure the initial torsional rigidity.

[0012] In the mining energy-absorbing component as described above, the distance between two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers is less than or equal to 0.5-3 times the thickness of the energy-absorbing surface layers, and the radius r of the arc-shaped member in the single cell unit and the length L of the supporting connecting rod satisfy the proportional relationship of r / L=0.2-0.5.

[0013] In the energy-absorbing component for mining, the center of the energy-absorbing surface layer forms a second energy-absorbing cavity through the arc-shaped member, and the arc-shaped member in the single cell unit in the same energy-absorbing surface layer is connected to the arc-shaped member in the adjacent single cell unit through an outrigger, and the length of the outrigger is the same as the radius of the arc-shaped member; The unit cell includes four arc-shaped parts, and the interval angle between two adjacent arc-shaped parts is 90°.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a coal mine tunnel support structure, which adopts the above-mentioned mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a working method of a mining-use energy-absorbing component, including the following contents: During the tunnel support process, multiple energy-absorbing surface layers are set up, and two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers are connected by support connecting rods; Under the action of impact load, the energy-absorbing surface layer is supported by support connecting rods to effectively improve the overall strength, and energy is absorbed through the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the energy-absorbing surface layer. When the force on the mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component exceeds the threshold, the support connecting rod drives the energy-absorbing surface layer to quickly collapse toward the force point, and the energy-absorbing surface layer is squeezed inward by the rotation of the support connecting rod to ensure the energy absorption of the mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the present invention, the energy-absorbing surface layer is made of flexible and deformable material, and the energy-absorbing surface layers are connected by support connecting rods. The energy-absorbing surface layer is connected by single-cell units to form multiple first energy-absorbing cavities, so that the energy can be effectively absorbed when the whole is subjected to impact loads. The energy-absorbing surface layer is connected by support connecting rods, and the support connecting rods have a set stiffness, which effectively enhances the overall bearing capacity. Moreover, the support connecting rods are movably connected to the energy-absorbing surface layer, and the support connecting rods can be torsionally deformed when subjected to impact loads. A large amount of energy is absorbed through the torsional deformation of the support connecting rods and the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the energy-absorbing surface layer, so that the whole has a mechanism of rigidity and flexibility working together, and a multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-impact structure can be formed to enhance the overall stability and support capacity. The rotation method of the support connecting rod in the present invention is that the support connecting rod rotates or swings under pressure, so that the energy-absorbing surface layer is squeezed inward when subjected to external force, the density of the compressed area of ​​the structure is increased, and a negative Poisson's ratio effect is formed on a plane perpendicular to the force direction, so that the energy absorption capacity of the energy-absorbing surface layer is greatly improved. 3) Compared with foam metal materials, the structure of the present invention can increase the damping of the support system by setting the energy-absorbing surface layer and the support connecting rod, so that the structure maintains its integrity and gives way through stable deformation, while avoiding the use of metal materials such as foam aluminum that are prone to induce gas explosions; compared with foam concrete, the structure of the present invention will not suffer brittle failure while dissipating energy, and the overall structure produces uniform plastic deformation, and even if it is crushed, it can continue to resist pressure together with other protective structures.

[0017] 4) In the present invention, the support connecting rod can be a straight rod or a double-helix rod. The double-helix rod absorbs energy through torsional deformation, has a greater deformation capacity and higher energy dissipation efficiency, and realizes a multi-level energy dissipation path by adjusting the synergistic effect of torsional deformation and axial compression through the helix angle; at the same time, combined with a flexible energy-absorbing surface layer, the structure with composite high stiffness and superelastic properties can not only withstand high loads, but also realize large deformation energy absorption, overcoming the problem that the single flexible material structure has insufficient bearing capacity and is difficult to adapt to high load conditions.

[0018] 5) In the present invention, the single cell unit is formed by connecting a plurality of arc-shaped parts in a clockwise manner, and the opening of the arc-shaped parts is arranged away from the center of the single cell unit, so that a first energy absorption cavity with a certain large area is formed after the single cell units are connected, and a second energy absorption cavity is arranged in the center of the single cell unit. The absorption capacity of the single cell unit is ensured by the first energy absorption cavity and the second energy absorption cavity.

[0019] 6) In the present invention, the support connecting rod is hingedly connected to the single cell unit, and the support connecting rod is inclined relative to the line connecting the center points of the single cell unit. In this way, when an external force exceeding a threshold value is applied, the energy-absorbing surface layer is guided to collapse rapidly and concentratedly toward the force point, and the energy-absorbing surface layer is squeezed inward by the rotation of the support connecting rod to ensure that the mining-used energy-absorbing component absorbs energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a mining-use energy-absorbing member according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a front view of a mining-use energy-absorbing component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a front view of a unit cell in a mining-use energy-absorbing component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a unit cell in a mining-use energy-absorbing component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a pair of unit cells connected in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers in a mining-use yielding energy absorbing component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of connecting two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers in a mining-use energy absorbing component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a front view of the connection between two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers in a mining-use energy-absorbing component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a mining-use energy-absorbing component having four energy-absorbing surface layers according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for reference only.

[0030] Among them: 1. Energy absorbing surface layer, 1-1. Outrigger rod, 2. Support connecting rod, 3. Single cell unit, 3-1. First energy absorbing cavity, 3-2. Second energy absorbing cavity, 3-3. Arc-shaped part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly stated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof; As introduced in the background technology, the existing mining energy-absorbing components have the problems of insufficient bearing capacity and difficulty in unifying large deformation. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a mining energy-absorbing component.

[0033] Embodiment 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a mining-use energy-absorbing member comprises at least two layers of energy-absorbing surface layers 1, the energy-absorbing surface layers 1 serve as a bearing body, two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers 1 are connected by a supporting connecting rod 2, the supporting connecting rod 2 has a set stiffness, the energy-absorbing surface layer 1 is made of a flexible deformable material, the energy-absorbing surface layer 1 comprises a plurality of single-cell units 3, the plurality of single-cell units 3 are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, two adjacent single-cell units 3 in each row are connected, and two adjacent single-cell units 3 in each column are connected, the single-cell unit 3 comprises a plurality of arc-shaped parts 3-3, the opening direction of the arc-shaped parts 3-3 is away from the center of the single-cell unit 3, the plurality of arc-shaped parts 3-3 are connected in sequence clockwise to form a single-cell unit 3, the back sides of two adjacent arc-shaped parts 3-3 in the single-cell unit 3 are connected, and two adjacent single-cell units 3 in the same energy-absorbing surface layer 1 are connected by the arc-shaped parts 3-3 to form a first energy-absorbing cavity 3-1, and the supporting connecting rod 2 movably connects the single-cell units 3 in the two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers 1.

[0034] Specifically, the size of the energy absorbing surface layer 1 is determined according to the size of the space to be supported, and then the number of the unit cells 3 arranged at the energy absorbing surface layer 1 is determined in combination with the size of the unit cells 3 .

[0035] In this embodiment, reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the unit cell 3 includes four arc-shaped members 3-3, the width of the arc-shaped members 3-3 is t, the interval angle between two adjacent arc-shaped members 3-3 is 90°, and the arc-shaped members 3-3 in the unit cell 3 in the same energy-absorbing surface layer 1 are connected with the arc-shaped members 3-3 in the adjacent unit cell 3 through an outrigger 1-1, the outrigger 1-1 is a straight rod, the length of the outrigger 1-1 is the same as the radius r of the arc-shaped member 3-3, the width t of the arc-shaped member 3-3 is less than the radius r of the arc-shaped member 3-3, and the material of the outrigger 1-1 is the same as the material of the unit cell 3; Specifically, the arc-shaped member 3-3 is a U-shaped member, and the opening direction of the arc-shaped member 3-3 is adjustable to ensure the torsional contraction effect of each single cell unit 3; thus, at the same energy-absorbing surface layer 1, the first energy-absorbing cavity 3-1 formed after the two adjacent single cell units 3 are connected is nearly elliptical through the setting of the outrigger 1-1, and the two ends of the first energy-absorbing cavity 3-1 are semicircles, and the two sides of the two semicircular ends are respectively connected by the outrigger 1-1.

[0036] It is easy to understand that reference Figure 8 As shown, the energy absorbing surface layer 1 can be specifically provided with two, three, four or other numbers, so that the whole forms a cube, cylinder or other polyhedron shape to adapt to different mining environments, and the first energy absorbing cavity 3-1 of each energy absorbing surface layer 1 is aligned.

[0037] In order to ensure the overall energy absorption capacity of the mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component, a pair of single-cell units 3 in two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers 1 are connected by at least four supporting connecting rods 2 to ensure the compression effect of the energy-absorbing surface layer 1. Specifically, four, six or other numbers of supporting connecting rods 2 connecting a pair of single-cell units 3 in two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers 1 can be arranged in a staggered manner to facilitate the rotation of the supporting connecting rods 2 when the mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component is subjected to force, and then squeeze the energy-absorbing surface layer 1 inward to enable the overall effective energy absorption.

[0038] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 As shown, for a pair of single cell units 3 in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers 1, due to the setting of the arc-shaped member 3-3, a second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 is formed in the center of the single cell unit 3, and the area of ​​the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 is smaller than the area of ​​the first energy absorbing cavity 3-1. The side of the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 in the energy absorbing surface layer 1 is connected to the side of the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 in the other energy absorbing surface layer 1 through the setting of the supporting connecting rod 2. When connected, the supporting connecting rod 2 is staggered. It is assumed that four sections are set on the circumference of the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2, namely the first section, the second section, the third section and the fourth section, that is, the second section of the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 on one side is connected to the first section of the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 on the other side through the supporting connecting rod 2, and the first section of the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 on one side is connected to the second section of the second energy absorbing cavity 3-2 on the other side through the supporting connecting rod 2.

[0039] It needs to be explained that the inclination angle of the support connecting rod 2 and the line connecting the center points of a pair of single cell units 3 in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers 1 (or when the energy absorbing surface layer 1 is located in a vertical plane, the support connecting rod 2 is relative to the horizontal plane) is 30°-60°, and the angle of the support connecting rod 2 is set to be able to guide the energy absorbing surface layer 1 to quickly and concentratedly collapse toward the force point when an external force exceeding a threshold value is applied. The angle between each support connecting rod 2 and the energy absorbing surface layer 1 can be adjusted between 30°-60° according to the requirements of energy absorption and bearing capacity.

[0040] Specifically, the support connecting rods 2 can be arranged in a cross-angled manner in a clockwise or counterclockwise order to ensure that the torsion direction of each layer of the energy absorbing surface layer 1 is consistent, so as to ensure that it can be effectively guided when subjected to external forces. At the same time, when the energy absorbing surface layer 1 is compressed, the overall torsion angle will increase as the angle between the support connecting rods 2 and the horizontal plane of the energy absorbing surface layer 1 increases; In addition, the angle control of the supporting connecting rod 2 relative to the line connecting the center points of a pair of unit cells 3 in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers 1 is determined by the distance between each layer of energy absorbing surface layers 1. The smaller the distance between the energy absorbing surface layers 1, the smaller the torsional effect between the supporting connecting rods 2, and the stronger the overall stability; the larger the distance between the energy absorbing surface layers 1, the stronger the torsional effect between the supporting connecting rods 2, and the stronger the deformation and shrinkage of the overall structure.

[0041] In addition, considering the rationality of the structural arrangement, the distance between two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers 1 is less than or equal to 0.5-3 times the thickness of the energy absorbing surface layer 1. In order to avoid the inclination angle of the supporting connecting rod 2 being too small, causing insufficient torsional space for the supporting connecting rod 2, and being too large, causing the rod to become unstable, the radius r of the arc member 3-3 in the single cell unit 3 and the length L of the supporting connecting rod 2 satisfy the proportional relationship of r / L=0.2-0.5.

[0042] It is easy to understand that the material of the support connecting rod 2 is selected from high-rigidity alloy and shape memory alloy, and the energy-absorbing surface layer 1 can be made of Q235 (carbon structural steel) steel, which has the characteristics of composite high rigidity and superelasticity, and can withstand high loads and achieve large deformation energy absorption; For some examples, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the support connecting rod 2 is a straight rod.

[0043] In other examples, refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the support connecting rod 2 adopts a double helical rod, the helix angle α satisfies 5°≤α≤30°, and the pitch d is 2-5 times the diameter of a single rod in the double helical rod. Compared with the straight rod structure, which is prone to local necking after buckling, the double helical rod can be designed with helical winding prestressing to make the plastic deformation energy evenly distributed, significantly improve the energy absorption density, and extend the fatigue crack initiation life compared with the straight rod. The support connecting rod 2 of the straight rod structure only relies on the plastic deformation of the material to absorb energy, while the double helical rod adjusts the synergistic effect of torsional deformation and axial compression through the helix angle to achieve a multi-level energy dissipation path; at the same time, the double helical rod can also realize dynamic adjustment of stiffness by combining the phase change characteristics of shape memory alloys to adapt to different working conditions.

[0044] It should be noted that the end of the support connecting rod 2 is connected to the single cell unit 3 through a hinge component, and the hinge component can specifically be an existing universal joint or a single rotating shaft. The universal joint or rotating shaft is fixed at the energy absorbing surface layer 1, and is connected to the end of the support connecting rod 2 through the universal joint or the rotating shaft. In this way, a spatial four-bar linkage mechanism is formed by connecting a pair of single cell units 3 in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers 1 through the support connecting rod 2 to form a stable structure; a damping member is arranged at the hinge component to ensure the initial torsional stiffness, and the damping member can specifically be a torsion spring, which is arranged at the pin shaft or rotating shaft of the universal joint, so that the connection method between the energy absorbing surface layer 1 and the support connecting rod 2 can be adjusted as needed to achieve different energy absorption effects.

[0045] The energy-absorbing component provided in this embodiment has an overall structure that can be stacked and expanded in any direction parallel to the energy-absorbing surface layer 1. The support connecting rod 2 rotates by itself or swings under pressure, so that the energy-absorbing surface layer 1 is squeezed inward when subjected to external force, thereby increasing the density of the compressed area of ​​the structure and forming a negative Poisson's ratio effect on a plane perpendicular to the force direction. The rotation direction of the support connecting rod 2 is opposite to the direction of the applied external force, thereby enhancing the energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing surface layer 1. Under the action of impact load, energy is absorbed through the torsional deformation of the support connecting rod 2 and the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the energy-absorbing surface layer 1, and the energy absorption effect is ensured by the support connecting rod 2 rotating to squeeze the energy-absorbing surface layer 1 inward.

[0046] Embodiment 2 The present embodiment provides a coal mine tunnel support structure, which adopts a mine-use yielding energy-absorbing component described in Example 1, and is suitable for a deformable support unit of a coal mine tunnel support system. The mine-use yielding energy-absorbing component can replace the honeycomb interlayer in a traditional mine hydraulic support, and can effectively absorb energy while playing a certain supporting role.

[0047] Embodiment 3 This embodiment provides a working method of a mining-use energy-absorbing component, including the following contents: During the tunnel support process, multiple energy absorbing surface layers 1 are provided, and two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers 1 are connected by support connecting rods 2; Under the action of impact load, energy is absorbed through the torsional deformation of the support connecting rod 2 and the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the energy-absorbing surface layer. The energy-absorbing surface layer 1 is squeezed inward by the rotation of the support connecting rod 2 to ensure the energy-absorbing effect. When the force on the mining-used yielding energy-absorbing component exceeds the threshold, the support connecting rod 2 drives the energy-absorbing surface layer 1 to quickly collapse toward the force point.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining energy-absorbing component, characterized in that: It comprises at least two energy absorbing surface layers, two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers are connected by a supporting connecting rod, the supporting connecting rod has a set stiffness, the energy absorbing surface layer is made of a flexible deformable material, the energy absorbing surface layer comprises a plurality of single cell units, the plurality of single cell units are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, two adjacent single cell units in each row are connected, and two adjacent single cell units in each column are connected, the single cell unit comprises a plurality of arc-shaped parts, the opening direction of the arc-shaped parts is away from the center of the single cell unit, the plurality of arc-shaped parts are connected in sequence in a clockwise direction to form a single cell unit, two adjacent single cell units in the same energy absorbing surface layer are connected by the arc-shaped parts to form a first energy absorbing cavity, and the supporting connecting rod movably connects the single cell units in the two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers.

2. A mining energy-absorbing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of the unit cells in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers are connected by at least two of the support connecting rods, and a plurality of support connecting rods connecting a pair of the unit cells in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers are staggeredly arranged.

3. A mining energy-absorbing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle between the support connecting rod and the line connecting the center points of a pair of unit cells in two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers is 30°-60°, so as to guide the energy absorbing surface layer to collapse toward the force point when the external force is too large.

4. The mining energy-absorbing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting connecting rod is a straight rod or a double-helical rod.

5. A mining energy-absorbing component according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the support connecting rod adopts a double-helix rod, the helix angle α satisfies 5°≤α≤30°, and the pitch d is 2-5 times the diameter of a single rod in the double-helix rod. The double-helix rod adjusts the synergistic effect of torsional deformation and axial compression through the helix angle to achieve a multi-level energy dissipation path.

6. A mining energy-absorbing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the support connecting rod is connected to the unit cell through a hinge component, and a damping member is arranged at the hinge component to ensure initial torsional rigidity.

7. The mining energy-absorbing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent energy absorbing surface layers is less than or equal to 0.5-3 times the thickness of the energy absorbing surface layers, and the radius r of the arc-shaped member in the unit cell and the length L of the supporting connecting rod satisfy the proportional relationship of r / L=0.2-0.

5.

8. The mining energy-absorbing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the energy absorbing surface layer forms a second energy absorbing cavity through the arc-shaped piece, and the arc-shaped piece in the unit cell of the same energy absorbing surface layer is connected with the arc-shaped piece in the adjacent unit cell through an outrigger, and the length of the outrigger is the same as the radius of the arc-shaped piece; The unit cell includes four arc-shaped parts, and the interval angle between two adjacent arc-shaped parts is 90°.

9. A coal mine tunnel support structure, characterized in that: A mining-use energy-absorbing component according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used.

10. A working method of a mining energy-absorbing component according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes the following: During the tunnel support process, multiple energy-absorbing surface layers are set up, and two adjacent energy-absorbing surface layers are connected by support connecting rods; Under the action of impact load, the energy-absorbing surface layer is supported by support connecting rods to effectively improve the overall strength, and energy is absorbed through the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the energy-absorbing surface layer. When the force on the mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component exceeds the threshold, the support connecting rod drives the energy-absorbing surface layer to quickly collapse toward the force point, and the energy-absorbing surface layer is squeezed inward by the rotation of the support connecting rod to ensure the energy absorption of the mining-use yielding energy-absorbing component.

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