Newly designed smart force measuring device (support seat) and in-situ calibration method

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for calibrating bridge force measurement and support seats during service by accurately measuring the friction coefficient. The method includes the following steps: (1) Step A1: Recording the horizontal or lateral force values ​​received by the force measurement device; (2) Recording the horizontal or lateral force values ​​of the sensing device (5) before lifting the force measurement device; (3) Using a power unit (13) to apply horizontal or lateral forces to two wedge-shaped load transducers (3) in the force measurement device to change the height of the force measurement device; (4) Recording the horizontal or lateral force values ​​of the sensing device (5) when the height changes or when the change stops; (5) Step A2: Obtaining a relationship between the friction coefficient, the inclination angle of the load transducers (3), and the horizontal or lateral force based on the mechanical balance relationship of the forces received by the load transducers (3); and (6) Step A3: Calculating the friction coefficient value based on the recorded horizontal or lateral force values ​​and the relationship in A2. This method aims to solve the problem of inaccurate measurement of vertical force due to inaccurate measurement of the friction coefficient of the wedge-shaped height-adjusting force measurement device during service.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the structural engineering field of rail transportation, and can also be applied to the structural engineering fields of roads, public works, buildings, etc., and specifically relates to a measuring method for accurately measuring the friction coefficient between a force measuring device and a support seat. [Background technology]

[0002] The force measuring device and the support seat are used to measure the force received by the force transmission members between structures, and are widely used in various fields, especially in the field of bridge construction, the force measuring device is regarded as the main force transmission member of the superstructure and substructure of the bridge structure, the change in the force received by the force measuring device greatly reflects the overall operation status of the bridge, and it can realize the collection of monitoring data of the bridge support seat, i.e., the vertical reaction force of the bridge, and provide technical basis for monitoring the deterioration of the bridge. As the construction of highways and railway bridges in China increases year by year, the monitoring of the vertical static load and dynamic load of the bridge support seat has important practical significance for the operation of bridges.

[0003] In the operation of a wedge-shaped height adjustment force measuring device, the wedge-shaped block is inevitably worn, and the friction coefficient may change due to the deterioration performance of the material itself. When measuring the horizontal force of the wedge-shaped mechanism of the force measuring device to inversely estimate the vertical force, the vertical force is related to the friction coefficient, so the change in the friction coefficient affects the accuracy of the vertical force. Therefore, the friction coefficient needs to be measured on-site. At present, there is no mature solution that can solve the problem of measuring the friction coefficient of a wedge-shaped force measuring device. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for accurately measuring the coefficient of friction between a force measuring device and a support seat, and to solve the problem that the normal force cannot be accurately measured due to the inability to accurately measure the coefficient of friction of a wedge-shaped height adjustment force measuring device in a service state. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention uses the following solutions. A method for measuring forces and calibrating supports of bridges during their service life by accurately measuring the coefficient of friction, In step A1, the force measuring device records the horizontal or lateral force value received by the force measuring device, the step includes two situations a1 and a2 as follows: First, record the horizontal or lateral force value of the sensing device before lifting the force measuring device, then the power device applies horizontal or lateral forces to the two wedge-shaped load transducers in the force measuring device to change the height of the force measuring device, and record the horizontal or lateral force value of the sensing device when the height changes or when the change pauses. a1; First, apply horizontal or lateral force to two wedge-shaped load transducers in the force measuring device to change the height of the force measuring device, and record the horizontal or lateral force value of the sensing device when the height changes or when the change stops; then precisely adjust the gap between the two load transducers to bring the sensing device into close contact with the load transducers; and then release the power unit, and record the horizontal or lateral force value measured by the sensing device between the two load transducers. a2. Step A1 is to first apply a horizontal or lateral force to two wedge-shaped load converters to change the height of the force measuring device, and record the horizontal or lateral force value of the sensing device when the height changes or when the change pauses; then, the horizontal or lateral force value applied to the two wedge-shaped load converters is reduced to change the height of the force measuring device, and the horizontal or lateral force value of the sensing device when the height changes or when the change pauses; and a3 is to record the horizontal or lateral force value of the sensing device when the height changes or when the change pauses. A step A2 of acquiring a relational expression between the friction coefficient and the inclination angle, horizontal force or lateral force of the load converter based on a dynamic balance relationship of the force received by the load converter at a1, a2 or a3; and step A3 of determining a coefficient of friction value based on the horizontal or lateral force values ​​recorded in a1 or a2 or a3 and the relationship in A2.

[0006] Preferably, the method further includes step A4 of obtaining a relational equation between the vertical force, the inclination angle of the load converter, the horizontal or lateral force, and the friction coefficient based on the mechanical balance relationship of the force received by the load converter at a1, a2, or a3, and further obtaining an accurate vertical force value of the force measuring device by combining the relational equation with the friction coefficient value obtained in A3.

[0007] Preferably, in a1, a2 and a3, the force measuring device used comprises an upper adjustment plate and a lower adjustment plate, a support core material is installed above the upper adjustment plate or below the lower adjustment plate, an adjustment chamber is provided on the bottom surface of the upper adjustment plate, two wedge-shaped load converters are installed in the adjustment chamber, and one or more sensing devices are provided between the two load converters, a power unit is installed in the force measuring device, the output terminal of the power unit is connected in series to the sensing device and then contacts the side and / or end of one load converter, and the fixed terminal of the power unit is connected to the side and / or end of the other load converter, the power unit outputs a horizontal or lateral force to drive the two load converters away from each other, and when the height of the upper adjustment plate is raised to a set height, the output of the power is temporarily suspended, and the horizontal or lateral force value applied by the power unit at this time can be directly measured by the sensing device connected in series to the output terminal.

[0008] Preferably, a limiting device is installed on one or both sides of the sensing device, the limiting device being an adjusting screw, which is screw-connected to the corresponding load transducer; in step a2, the power unit moves the two load transducers relatively apart from each other, and then raises the height of the force measuring device to a set height to form a gap between the two load transducers, and adjusts the sensing device to be in close contact with the load transducer by the adjusting screw; after the horizontal or lateral force applied by the power unit is released, the sensing device between the two load transducers accurately measures the horizontal or lateral force value at this time.

[0009] Preferably, a locking device is provided between the sensing device and the adjusting screw, and the locking device is a steel plate, a steel section, a round steel, an angle steel, a steel pipe or a concrete block. The number of the locking devices may be selected according to the actual situation of the site, and the locking device is adjustable to facilitate operation.

[0010] Preferably, both ends of the sensing device are provided with matching fixing seats, the fixing seats are located between the sensing device and the limiting device, and there are one or more sets of fixing seats.

[0011] Preferably, the limiting device is two wedge-shaped blocks, the inclined surfaces of the two wedge-shaped blocks are closely fitted to each other, and the two wedge-shaped blocks are adjusted to make the sensing device tightly contact with the load transducer by sliding against each other. The two wedge-shaped blocks can precisely adjust the gap between the sensing device and the load transducer by sliding against each other up and down or back and forth to make the sensing device tightly contact with the load transducer, and the leverage principle of the wedge-shaped blocks can obtain a relatively large lateral force (the force is horizontal) with a relatively small force (the force is the same as the direction of the sliding between the two wedge-shaped blocks), thereby realizing the purpose of the sensing device tightly contacting the load transducer, making the adjustment speed faster, and saving time and labor.

[0012] Preferably, in the case of a1 in A1, it is realized by another structure, and the force measuring device comprises a supporting core material, a lower base plate, and two load converters, the bottom surface of the supporting core material and the top surfaces of the two load converters are in inclined plane or cylindrical surface or curved surface contact, and multiple sensing devices are provided between the load converters in the horizontal direction and the side wall of the lower base plate, and the horizontal force or lateral force value is recorded by the sensing devices.

[0013] Preferably, a power unit is attached to both side walls of the lower base plate, the output terminal of the power unit contacts the sensing device directly or indirectly through the side wall of the lower base plate, the power unit applies a horizontal or lateral force, the sensing device receives pressure, the two load converters approach each other to lift the supporting core material, and the horizontal or lateral force value received by the sensing device is recorded when the height of the lower supporting core material begins to change or stops changing, a load distribution baffle is installed between the output terminal of the power unit and the sensing device, the output terminal of the power unit contacts the side of the load distribution baffle, the sensing device is located between the load distribution baffle and the load converter, and an adjustable stopper is installed between the load distribution baffle and the side wall of the lower base plate.

[0014] Preferably, the support core material is placed in a bottom bowl having a bowl structure, a force measurement support is provided between the support core material and the bottom bowl, a sensing device is provided on the side of the force measurement support, and the sensing device is connected to an external data collection system by a signal line.

[0015] Preferably, the top surface of the load converter and the top surface of the adjusting chamber are in inclined plane or cylindrical surface or curved surface contact, the bottom surface of the load converter and the upper support surface of the lower adjusting plate are in flat surface or curved surface or inclined plane contact, suitable upper and lower friction pairs are provided between the top surface of the adjusting chamber and the top surface of the load converter, and between the bottom surface of the load converter and the top surface of the lower adjusting plate, respectively, and the power device is a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a mechanical driving mechanism. Effect of the Invention

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: First, the present invention obtains the relationship between the friction coefficient, horizontal or lateral force, and the inclination angle of the load converter according to the dynamic balance relationship of the force received by the load converter, thereby accurately determining the friction coefficient, and accurately determines the normal force based on the relationship between the obtained normal force, the inclination angle of the load converter, the horizontal or lateral force, and the friction coefficient. This method can accurately measure the friction coefficient between the force measuring device and the support seat in the in-service state, thereby accurately determining the normal force, thereby realizing rapid and accurate calibration of the normal force with respect to the support seat, ensuring accurate monitoring of the force received during the operation of the support seat, and improving the safety of the bridge structure. Secondly, this method uses an adjustment screw or a wedge block to precisely adjust the gap between the two load transducers, so that the sensing device is tightly attached to the load transducer, so that the device does not change its height in the two balance equations, and no change in height indicates that the load received by the upper part does not change. Thus, when the height of the device does not change, the calculated friction coefficient value is more accurate, and the calibration of the normal force is also more accurate. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] 2 is a flowchart of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the support core material is located above the upper adjustment plate. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram in which an adjustment screw is connected in series to a sensor. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram in which a locking device is provided; [Figure 6] 13 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the locking device and the adjusting screw. FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram in which a fixed seat is provided. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a structural diagram in which the limiting device is a wedge-shaped block. [Figure 9] FIG. 8 is a structural diagram showing the addition of a power unit. [Figure 10]FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another sliding structure of two wedge-shaped blocks. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a wedge-shaped block connected to a power unit. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure for connecting the power unit. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram in Example 9. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a structural diagram of a ninth embodiment having three power units. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a structural diagram having one power unit in the ninth embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a structural diagram of a ninth embodiment having two power units. [Figure 17] FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the force receiver in the load transducer when the height of the force measuring device is lowered. [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the force receiver in the load transducer during high speed ascent of the force measuring device. [Figure 19] FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of Example 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] The present invention will be described in more detail below by way of examples with reference to the drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0019] In describing the present invention, it should be explained that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "longitudinal," "lateral," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," etc. are orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships commonly placed when the inventive product is used, and are merely for the purpose of making the present invention easier to explain and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to necessarily have a specific orientation or must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be further explained that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "opening", "mounting", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they may be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection, may be mechanical connection, electrical connection, direct connection, indirect connection through an intermediate element, or internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific situation.

[0021] Example 1 A method for measuring forces and calibrating supports of bridges during their service life by accurately measuring the coefficient of friction, In step A1, the force measuring device records the horizontal or lateral force value received by the force measuring device, the step includes two situations a1 and a2 as follows: First, the horizontal or lateral force value T of the sensing device 5 before lifting the force measuring device 降 Next, the power unit 13 applies a horizontal or lateral force to the two wedge-shaped load transducers 3 in the force measuring device to change the height of the force measuring device, and the two load transducers 3 are moved away from each other to raise the height of the force measuring device. The horizontal or lateral force value T of the sensing device 5 when the height is changing or when the change is temporarily stopped is recorded. 昇 Record A1, First, a horizontal or lateral force is applied to the two wedge-shaped load transducers 3 in the force measuring device by the power unit 13 to move the two load transducers 3 away from each other, and the height of the force measuring device is raised. When the height changes or when the change is temporarily stopped, the horizontal or lateral force value T 昇 Then, the gap between the two load transducers 3 is precisely adjusted to bring the sensing device 5 into close contact with the load transducer 3, and the power unit 13 is released. The horizontal or lateral force value T measured by the sensing device 5 between the two load transducers 3 at this time is recorded. 降 Record A2, First, a horizontal or lateral force is applied to the two wedge-shaped load transducers 3 to raise the height of the force measuring device, and the horizontal or lateral force value T of the sensing device 5 is measured when the height changes or when the change stops. 昇The horizontal or lateral force value T of the sensing device 5 is recorded, and then the horizontal or lateral force value applied to the two wedge-shaped load transducers 3 is decreased to lower the height of the force measuring device. 降 Step A1, which is step a3 of recording A step A2 of acquiring a relational expression between the friction coefficient and the inclination angle, horizontal force or lateral force of the load converter 3 based on a dynamic balance relationship of the force received by the load converter at a1, a2 or a3; and step A3 of determining a coefficient of friction value based on the horizontal or lateral force values ​​recorded in a1 or a2 or a3 and the relationship in A2.

[0022] Specifically, in a1, the normal force received by the force measuring device is F, the normal force transmitted to the two wedge-shaped transducers 3 is F / 2, and the friction forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load transducer 3 are f1 and f2, respectively. The upper sliding surface receives a pressure N1 perpendicular to the surface, and the lower sliding surface receives a pressure F / 2 perpendicular to the surface. The force received by the load transducer 3 is decomposed, and f:1=N1×μ1, f2=μ2×F / 2, N1=F / 2(cosθ+μ1×sinθ) are obtained based on the dynamic balance relationship, and the friction coefficients μ1 and μ2 of the upper and lower sliding surfaces are replaced by the equivalent friction coefficient μ. JPEG0007618832000001.jpg15170After the power unit 13 applies a horizontal force, the friction forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load converter are f3 and f4, respectively. The upper sliding surface receives a pressure N2 perpendicular to the surface, and the lower sliding surface receives a vertical pressure F / 2. The force received by the load converter 3 is decomposed, and f:3=N1×μ1, f4=μ2×F / 2, N2=F / 2(cosθ-μ1×sinθ) are obtained based on the mechanical balance relationship. The equivalent friction coefficient μ replaces the friction coefficients μ1 and μ2 of the upper and lower sliding surfaces. Get JPEG0007618832000002.jpg11170 (θ is the inclination angle of the load transducer) and T 昇 and T 降 By the two formulas JPEG0007618832000003.jpg15170T 昇 and T 降are both directly acquired by the sensing device 5, so that the friction coefficient value can be accurately calculated.

[0023] At a2, first, a horizontal force is applied by the power unit 13 to move the two load transducers 3 away from each other, and the height of the force measuring device is raised. At this time, the horizontal force value T 昇 The friction forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load converter 3 are f3 and f4, respectively. The upper sliding surface is subjected to a pressure N2 perpendicular to the surface, and the lower sliding surface is subjected to a pressure F / 2 perpendicular to the surface. The forces received by the load converter 3 are decomposed, and f:3=N1×μ1, f4=μ2×F / 2, N2=F / 2(cosθ-μ1×sinθ) are obtained based on the dynamic balance relationship. The friction coefficients μ1 and μ2 of the upper and lower sliding surfaces are replaced by the equivalent friction coefficient μ. JPEG0007618832000004.jpg11170 (θ is the inclination angle of the load converter), and after the two load converters 3 are relatively separated from each other, the height of the force measuring device is raised to a set height to form a gap between the two load converters 3. After the power unit 13 is released, the vertical load of the upper member acts completely on the force measuring device and is adjusted by the limiting device to eliminate the gap between the two load converters 3. After the power unit 13 is released, there is no gap between the two load converters 3, so there is no relative displacement again. At this time, the height of the force measuring device is maintained unchanged, and the horizontal or lateral force value T between the two load converters 3 is measured by the sensing device 5. 降 The frictional forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load converter 3 are f1 and f2, respectively. The upper sliding surface is subjected to a pressure N1 perpendicular to the surface, and the lower sliding surface is subjected to a pressure F / 2 perpendicular to the surface. The force received by the load converter 3 is resolved, and f:1=N1×μ1, f2=μ2×F / 2, N1=F / 2(cosθ+μ1×sinθ) are obtained based on the dynamic balance relationship. The equivalent friction coefficient μ replaces the friction coefficients μ1 and μ2 of the upper and lower sliding surfaces. JPEG0007618832000005.jpg17170T 昇 and T 降 Based on the two formulas JPEG0007618832000006.jpg15170T 昇 and T降 are both directly acquired by the sensing device 5, so that the friction coefficient value can be accurately calculated.

[0024] In a3, the dynamic balance equation is the same as in a1 and a2.

[0025] Example 2 The method further includes step A4 of obtaining a relational equation between the vertical force and the inclination angle of the load converter 3, the horizontal or lateral force, and the friction coefficient based on the mechanical balance relationship of the force received by the load converter 3 at a1, a2, or a3, and further obtaining an accurate vertical force value of the force measuring device by combining the relational equation with the friction coefficient value obtained in A3.

[0026] Specifically, T 降 Converting the relation JPEG0007618832000007.jpg14170By substituting the calculated friction coefficient value and the known horizontal force value into the relational equation to obtain an accurate vertical force value, the vertical force can be calibrated by the horizontal force.

[0027] Example 3 In a1, a2 and a3, the force measuring device used includes an upper adjustment plate 6 and a lower adjustment plate 8, a support seat core material 1 is installed above the upper adjustment plate 6 or below the lower adjustment plate 8, an adjustment chamber 9 is provided on the bottom surface of the upper adjustment plate 6, two wedge-shaped load converters 3 are installed in the adjustment chamber 9, the top surface of the load converter 3 and the top surface of the adjustment chamber 9 are in inclined plane, columnar surface or curved surface contact, the bottom surface of the load converter 3 and the upper support surface of the lower adjustment plate 8 are in flat, curved or inclined plane contact, a matching upper friction pair 2 and a lower friction pair 4 are provided between the top surface of the adjustment chamber 9 and the top surface of the load converter 3, and between the bottom surface of the load converter 3 and the top surface of the lower adjustment plate, respectively, and one or more sensing devices 5 are provided between the two load converters 3, and a force measuring device is provided. A power unit 13 is installed in the measuring device, and the power unit 13 is a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder or a mechanical driving mechanism. In this embodiment, a hydraulic jack is used, and the output terminal of the power unit 13 is connected in series to the sensing device 5 and then contacts the side and / or end of one of the load converters 3, and the fixed terminal of the power unit 13 is connected to the side and / or end of the other load converter 3. The power unit 13 outputs a horizontal or lateral force to drive the two load converters 3 away from each other, and when the height of the upper adjustment plate 6 is raised to the set height, the output of power is temporarily suspended, and the horizontal or lateral force value applied by the power unit 13 at this time can be directly measured by the sensing device 5 connected in series to the output terminal.

[0028] Example 4 A limiting device is installed on one or both sides of the sensing device 5, which can eliminate the gap between the two load transducers 3 to ensure that the height of the force measuring device does not change again after it reaches the set height, and the limiting device is an adjusting screw 10, which is screwed into the corresponding load transducer 3; in step a2, the power unit 13 moves the two load transducers 3 apart from each other relatively, and then raises the height of the force measuring device to the set height to form a gap between the two load transducers 3; the adjusting screw 10 adjusts the sensing device 5 to be in close contact with the load transducer 3; after the horizontal or lateral force applied by the power unit 13 is released, the sensing device 5 between the two load transducers 3 accurately measures the horizontal or lateral force value at this time.

[0029] Example 5 A locking device 11 is provided between the sensing device 5 and the adjusting screw 10, and the locking device 11 is a steel plate, a shaped steel, a round steel, an angle steel, a steel pipe or a concrete block. The number of the locking devices 11 may be selected appropriately according to the actual situation on site, and the locking devices 11 are adjustable for easy operation.

[0030] There is another structure in this embodiment, in which the opposite ends of the two load transducers 3 are screw-connected to the adjustment screw 10, a locking device 11 is connected in series between the opposite ends of the two adjustment screws 10, and the sensing device 5 is installed between the two locking devices 11.

[0031] Example 6 In this embodiment, one or both ends of the adjustment screws 10 are threadedly connected to corresponding load transducers 3, and the sensing device 5 is installed between the two adjustment screws 10 or connected in series to the free ends of the adjustment screws 10.

[0032] Example 7 Both ends of the sensing device 5 are provided with corresponding fixing seats 12, the fixing seats 12 are located between the sensing device 5 and the limiting device, and there are one or more sets of fixing seats 12. That is, the fixing seats 12 may be separate or may be a whole, and when installed separately, each sensing device 5 corresponds to one set of fixing seats 12, and when installed a whole, multiple sensing devices 5 share one set of fixing seats 12.

[0033] Example 8 In this embodiment, the limiting device uses two wedge-shaped blocks 14, the inclined surfaces of the two wedge-shaped blocks 14 are closely fitted to each other, and the two wedge-shaped blocks 14 are adjusted to closely contact the load transducer 3 by sliding against each other. The two wedge-shaped blocks 14 can precisely adjust the gap between the sensing device 5 and the load transducer 3 by sliding against each other up and down or back and forth, so that the sensing device 5 can be closely contacted with the load transducer 6. The leverage principle of the wedge-shaped blocks 14 allows a relatively large lateral force ( The force is in the horizontal direction), thereby realizing the purpose of the sensing device 5 being in close contact with the load transducer 13, making the adjustment speed faster and saving time and labor. On this basis, a power unit 13 can be further installed on two wedge-shaped blocks 14, with the output terminal of the power unit 13 contacting the end of one wedge-shaped block 14 and the fixed terminal of the power unit 13 connected to the other wedge-shaped block 14, so that the power unit 13 plays an auxiliary role by providing force, and the power unit 13 can also be connected to an external controller to realize smart adjustment, which is more efficient and faster.

[0034] In a2, after the horizontal or lateral force applied by the power unit 13 is released, the vertical load of the upper member (beam body) acts completely on the force measuring device, and the wedge-shaped block 14 adjusts the sensing device 5 to be in close contact with the load converter 3, eliminating any gap between the two load converters 3. Therefore, the force measuring device does not allow the two load converters 3 to be displaced relative to each other again under the vertical load, and at this time the height of the height adjustment device is maintained unchanged, and the horizontal or lateral force value measured by the sensing device 5 between the two load converters 3 is more accurate.

[0035] Example 9 In the case of a1 in A1, this embodiment uses a different structure to realize the method of the present invention, in which the contact surface between the support core material 1 and the load converter 3 is an inclined plane, the bottom surface of the support core material 1 is installed in a V-shape, the contact surface between the load converter 3 and the lower base plate 15 is flat, multiple sensing devices 5 are located horizontally between the load converter 3 and the side wall of the lower base plate 15, the lower base plate 15 uses a bowl structure, and the vertical force received by the support core material 1 is decomposed into horizontal components by the load converter 3 so that the sensing device 5 is subjected to pressure, and the horizontal or lateral force value at this time is recorded by the sensing device 5.

[0036] A power unit 13 is attached to both side walls of the lower base plate 15, and the output terminals of the power unit 13 directly or indirectly contact the sensing device 5 through the side walls of the lower base plate 15, and the power unit 13 applies a horizontal force so that the sensing device 5 is subjected to pressure, and the power unit 13 can use a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder to realize the output of power, and the two load converters 3 approach each other to lift the supporting core material 1, and record the horizontal or vertical force value received by the sensing device 5 when the height of the supporting core material 1 starts to change or stops changing. Based on the dynamic balance relationship of the force received by the wedge-shaped load converter 3, the relationship equation between the friction coefficient and the inclination angle of the load converter 3, the horizontal force or the lateral force is obtained, and the friction coefficient value is calculated based on the relationship equation.

[0037] A load distribution baffle 17 is installed between the output terminal of the power unit 13 and the sensing device 5, the output terminal of the power unit 13 contacts the side of the load distribution baffle 17, and the sensing device 5 is located between the load distribution baffle 17 and the load converter 3. The load distribution baffle 17 can reduce the number of power units 13 used. In this embodiment, three sensing devices 5 are provided to correspond to three power units 13, and one or two power units 13 may correspond to three sensing devices 5. An adjustable stopper 16 is installed between the load distribution baffle 17 and the side wall of the lower base plate 15.

[0038] Example 10 As shown in FIG. 19, in this embodiment, the support seating core is placed in a bottom bowl having a bowl 18 structure, a force measurement support 19 is provided between the support seating core 1 and the bottom bowl 18, a sensing device 5 is provided on the side of the force measurement support 19, and the signal line of the sensing device 5 is connected to an external data collection system 20 through a mounting hole in the side wall of the bottom bowl 18, and the data collection system 20 is for monitoring the vertical support force of the support device. The electrical signal generated by the sensing device 5 after being subjected to the action of horizontal pressure is transmitted to the data collection system 20 via a wireless or wired network, collected and analyzed to measure the load, and the vertical load is inversely estimated by the mechanical equilibrium decomposition in the load converter 3 to achieve the purpose of force measurement. The data collection system 20 includes a demodulator and a computer system (known technology), and the input terminal of the demodulator is connected to the sensing device 5 attached to the force measurement support 19 by a signal line, and the output terminal of the demodulator is connected to the computer system via a wireless or wired network, and the computer system is further provided with a real-time monitoring and alarm system. The pressure wavelength signal outputting the change in compressive stress of the force measuring support 19 sensed by the sensing device 5 is transmitted to the demodulator via a signal line. The demodulator analyzes and processes the wavelength signal, and then transmits it to a computer system via a wireless network or a wired network for processing, after which the actual load of the support seat is intuitively displayed and compared with the normal operating load of the support seat. If an abnormality occurs, an alarm is sounded, thereby realizing remote monitoring of the load of the support seat and collecting force receiving data of the support seat in real time.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any manner. Any simple modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made to the above embodiments within the spirit and principle of the present invention based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0040] 1 Support seat core material 2. Upper friction pair 3 Load converter 4. Lower friction pair 5. Sensing Devices 6 Upper adjustment plate 7 Volts 8 Lower adjustment plate 9 Control room 10 Adjustment screw 11 Locking device 12 Fixed seat 13 Power plant 14 Wedge Block 15 Lower seat board 16 Adjustable Stopper 17 Load distribution baffle 18 Bottom Bowl 19 Force measurement support 20 Data Collection System

Claims

1. A method for accurately measuring the coefficient of friction of a bridge in use and for calibrating a bridge support, comprising: In the following a1 and a2, the force measuring device comprises an upper adjustment plate (6) and a lower adjustment plate (8), a support seat core material (1) is installed above the upper adjustment plate (6) or below the lower adjustment plate (8), an adjustment chamber (9) is provided on the bottom surface of the upper adjustment plate (6), two wedge-shaped load converters (3) are installed in the adjustment chamber (9), one or more sensing devices (5) are provided between the two load converters (3), a power unit (13) is installed in the force measuring device, and the output terminals of the power unit (13) are connected in series to the sensing device (5). a power unit (13) that contacts a side and / or end of one of the load converters (3) from a fixed terminal thereof and that has a fixed terminal connected to a side and / or end of the other load converter (3); the power unit (13) outputs a horizontal force to drive the two load converters (3) to move away from each other, and when the height of the upper adjustment plate (6) is raised to a set height, the power output is temporarily stopped; and the value of the horizontal force applied by the power unit (13) at this time can be directly measured by a sensing device (5) that is connected in series to the output terminal; In step A1 of recording the horizontal force value received by the force measuring device, the step includes: recording the horizontal force value detected by the sensing device (5) before lifting the force measuring device; a1) applying a horizontal force to the two wedge-shaped load transducers (3) in the force measuring device by the power device (13) to change the height of the force measuring device, and recording the value of the horizontal force of the sensing device (5) when the height is changed or when the change is temporarily stopped; First, apply a horizontal force to two wedge-shaped load transducers (3) in the force measuring device to change the height of the force measuring device, and record the horizontal force value of the sensing device (5) when the height changes or when the change stops; then precisely adjust the gap between the two load transducers (3) to bring the sensing device (5) into close contact with the load transducers (3); and then release the power unit (13) and record the horizontal force value measured by the sensing device (5) between the two load transducers (3). a2. Step A1 includes three situations: first, a horizontal force is applied to the two wedge-shaped load converters (3) to change the height of the force measuring device, and the horizontal force value of the sensing device (5) is recorded when the height changes or the change is temporarily stopped; and then the horizontal force value applied to the two wedge-shaped load converters (3) is decreased to change the height of the force measuring device, and the horizontal force value of the sensing device (5) is recorded when the height changes or the change is temporarily stopped; and a3. In a1, the force measuring device receives a vertical force F, the vertical force transmitted to the two wedge-shaped transducers (3) is F / 2, the friction forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load transducer (3) are f1 and f2, respectively, and the pressure N perpendicular to the upper sliding surface is applied to the upper sliding surface. １ The lower sliding surface is subjected to a vertical pressure F / 2, and the load converter 3 resolves the received force and calculates f1 = N based on the mechanical balance relationship. １ ×μ １ , f2=μ ２ ×F / 2,N １ =F / 2(cosθ+μ １ × sin θ) is obtained, and the equivalent friction coefficient μ is calculated as the friction coefficient μ of the upper and lower sliding surfaces. １ and μ ２ Instead of After the power unit (13) applies a horizontal force, the friction forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load converter (3) are f3 and f4, respectively, and the upper sliding surface is subjected to a pressure N perpendicular to the surface. ２ The lower sliding surface is subjected to a vertical pressure F / 2, and the load converter (3) resolves the received force and calculates f3 = N based on the mechanical balance relationship. １ ×μ １ , f4=μ ２ ×F / 2,N ２ =F / 2(cosθ−μ １ × sin θ) is obtained, and the equivalent friction coefficient μ is calculated as the friction coefficient μ of the upper and lower sliding surfaces. １ and μ ２ Instead of (θ is the inclination angle of the load transducer) and T 昇 and T 降 By the two formulas T 昇 and T 降 are both directly acquired by the sensing device (5), so that the friction coefficient value can be accurately calculated. At a2, first, a horizontal force is applied by the power device (13) to move the two load transducers (3) away from each other, and the height of the force measuring device is raised. The horizontal force value T 昇 The frictional forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load converter (3) are f3 and f4, respectively, and the pressure N perpendicular to the upper sliding surface is recorded. ２ The lower sliding surface is subjected to a vertical pressure F / 2, and the load converter (3) resolves the received force and calculates f3 = N based on the mechanical balance relationship. １ ×μ １ , f4=μ ２ ×F / 2,N ２ =F / 2(cosθ−μ １ × sin θ) is obtained, and the equivalent friction coefficient μ is calculated as the friction coefficient μ of the upper and lower sliding surfaces. １ and μ ２ Instead of (θ is the inclination angle of the load converter), and after the two load converters (3) are relatively separated from each other, the height of the force measuring device is raised to a set height to form a gap between the two load converters (3). After the power unit (13) is released, the vertical load of the upper member acts completely on the force measuring device and is adjusted by the limiting device to eliminate the gap between the two load converters (3). After the power unit (13) is released, there is no gap between the two load converters (3), so there is no relative displacement again. At this time, the height of the force measuring device is maintained unchanged, and the horizontal or lateral force value T between the two load converters (3) is measured by the sensing device (5). 降 The frictional forces received by the upper and lower sliding surfaces of the load converter 3 at this time are f1 and f2, respectively, and the pressure N perpendicular to the upper sliding surface is １ The lower sliding surface is subjected to a vertical pressure F / 2, and the load converter 3 resolves the received force and calculates f1 = N based on the mechanical balance relationship. １ ×μ １ , f2=μ ２ ×F / 2,N １ =F / 2(cosθ+μ １ × sin θ) is obtained, and the equivalent friction coefficient μ is calculated as the friction coefficient μ of the upper and lower sliding surfaces. １ and μ ２ Instead of T 昇 and T 降 Based on the two formulas T 昇 and T 降 are both directly acquired by the sensing device 5, so that the friction coefficient value can be accurately calculated. In a3, the dynamic balance equation is the same as in a1 and a2, A step A2 of acquiring a relational expression between the friction coefficient, the inclination angle of the load converter (3), and the horizontal force based on a dynamic balance relationship of the force received by the load converter at a1, a2, or a3; A method for measuring force and calibrating supports of bridges in service by accurately measuring the friction coefficient, comprising step A3 of determining a friction coefficient value based on the horizontal force value recorded in step a1, a2, or a3 and the relational equation in step A2.

2. The method for measuring force and calibrating supports of bridges in use by accurately measuring the friction coefficient according to claim 1, further comprising a step A4 of obtaining a relational equation between the vertical force, the inclination angle of the load converter (3), the horizontal force, and the friction coefficient based on the mechanical balance relationship of the force received by the load converter (3) at a1, a2, or a3, and further combining this with the friction coefficient value obtained in A3 to accurately obtain the vertical force value of the force measuring device.

3. The method for measuring force and calibrating supports of bridges in use by accurately measuring friction coefficients according to claim 1, characterized in that a limiting device is installed on one or both sides of the sensing device, the limiting device being an adjusting screw (10), which is screw-connected to the corresponding load converter (3); in step a2, the power unit (13) moves the two load converters (3) away from each other relatively, and then raises the height of the force measuring device to a set height to form a gap between the two load converters (3); the adjusting screw (10) adjusts the sensing device (5) so that it is in close contact with the load converter (3); after the horizontal force applied by the power unit (13) is released, the sensing device (5) between the two load converters (3) accurately measures the value of the horizontal force at this time.

4. The method for measuring force of a bridge and calibrating a support seat in a used state by accurately measuring the friction coefficient as described in claim 1, characterized in that a locking device (11) for fixing the load converter (3) via the adjustment screw (10) is provided between the sensing device (5) and the adjustment screw (10), and the locking device (11) is a steel plate, a steel section, a round bar, an angle iron, a steel pipe or a concrete block.

5. The method for calibrating bridge force measurement and support seats in service by accurately measuring the friction coefficient as described in claim 1, characterized in that the sensing device (5) is provided with matching fixing seats (12) at both ends, the fixing seats (12) are located between the sensing device (5) and the limiting device, and there are one or more sets of fixing seats (12).

6. The method for measuring force and calibrating supports of bridges in service by accurately measuring the coefficient of friction as described in claim 1, characterized in that the limiting device is two wedge-shaped blocks (14), and the inclined surfaces of the two wedge-shaped blocks (14) are adjusted to fit closely together and the sensing device (5) is brought into close contact with the load transducer (3) by the relative sliding of the two wedge-shaped blocks (14).

7. In the case of a1 in A1, the force measuring device comprises a support core material (1), a lower base plate (15), and two load converters (3), the bottom surface of the support core material (1) and the top surfaces of the two load converters (3) are in contact with an inclined plane, a columnar surface, or a curved surface, and a plurality of sensing devices (5) are provided between the load converters (3) in the horizontal direction and the side wall of the lower base plate (15), and the horizontal force value is recorded by the sensing devices (5). This is a method for measuring force and calibrating support seats of bridges in use by accurately measuring the friction coefficient as described in claim 1.

8. A power unit (13) is attached to both side walls of the lower base plate (15), and the output terminal of the power unit (13) is directly or indirectly in contact with the sensing device (5) through the side wall of the lower base plate (15). The power unit (13) applies a horizontal force, the sensing device (5) is subjected to pressure, and the two wedge-shaped load transducers (3) approach each other, and the inclination of the wedges causes a force from below to act vertically, resulting in lifting the support core material (1). The horizontal force value received by the sensing device (5) when the height of the support core material (1) begins to change or the change is stopped is recorded, and the output terminal of the power unit (13) and the sensing device (5) are connected to each other.

8. The method for measuring bridge forces and calibrating supports in service by accurately measuring the coefficient of friction as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that a load distribution baffle (17) is installed between the load distribution baffle (17) and the load converter (5), an output terminal of the power unit (13) contacts the side of the load distribution baffle (17), a sensing device is located between the load distribution baffle (17) and the load converter (3), and an adjustable stopper (16) is attached between the load distribution baffle (17) and the side wall of the lower base plate (15) to adjust the operating range and position so that the load distribution baffle (17) and the lower base plate (15) do not move beyond a predetermined range.

9. The method for calibrating bridge force measurement and support seats in use by accurately measuring the friction coefficient as described in claim 1, characterized in that the support seat (1) is placed in a bottom bowl (18) having a bowl structure, a force measurement support (19) is provided between the support seat (1) and the bottom bowl (18), a sensing device (5) is provided on the side of the force measurement support (19), and the sensing device (5) is connected to an external data collection system (20) by a signal line.

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