How to replace a shield tunneling machine and cutter bit

Abstract

To provide a shield machine and an exchange method of a cutter bit that can safety and smoothly perform an exchange of all cutter bits in a cutter head from inside the machine with a relatively simple configuration.SOLUTION: In a shield machine 100, a work pit 40 is provided in a partition wall 11, and the work pit 40 can freely move to a cutter head 20 with a movement mechanism 44. Inside the cutter head 20, a guide rail 28 extending in a radial direction thereof is provided. A bit exchange apparatus 50 moves along the guide rail 28 between an installation position of a cutter bit 30 to be exchanged and the work pit 40, and an exchange of the cutter bit 30 is performed by the bit exchange apparatus 50. The work pit 40 moved forward by the movement mechanism 44 is pressed against the cutter head 20, and old and new cutter bits 30 are exchanged from the bit exchange apparatus 50 drawn into the work pit 40.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a shield machine and a method for replacing a cutter bit. [Background technology]

[0002] In the shield tunneling method, for example, when the excavation length of the shield machine is long, the cutter bit attached to the cutter head may be replaced underground. When replacing the cutter bit, a worker enters between the face and the cutter head from inside the chamber behind the cutter head of the shield machine and replaces the cutter bit from the front of the cutter head, or the cutter bit is replaced directly from inside the cutter spoke. According to the above-mentioned method of replacing cutter bits from within the cutter spokes, it is possible to replace cutter bits without carrying out ground improvement work, including the creation of frozen soil, and this can reduce construction costs and shorten the construction period. Meanwhile, the method of replacing cutter bits from within the cutter spokes includes a method in which an operator enters the center shaft at the axis of the shield body, moves from the center shaft to the back side of each cutter spoke, and replaces the cutter bit by moving the cutter holder that houses the cutter bit to the back side, and a method in which the cutter bit is taken into the machine at once by pulling out the bit holder housed in the guide rail along the cutter spoke, and the cutter bit is replaced. However, in these in-machine replacement methods, the center shaft is naturally likely to have a large diameter, and it can be said that it is difficult to apply them to medium- and small-diameter shield tunneling machines with cutter heads having diameters of about 2 to 9 m, for example. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a shield tunneling machine and a cutter bit replacement method that allows cutter bits to be replaced from inside the machine, not only for large diameter but also for medium and small diameter shield tunneling machines.

[0003] Here, Patent Document 1 proposes a shield tunneling machine and a cutter bit replacement method that enable a wide range of cutter bits to be replaced from inside the machine. Specifically, the shield tunneling machine is provided with a cutter retraction mechanism that can retract a cutter head having cutter spokes into a chamber along the shield axial direction in the shield body, a work partition body that can accommodate a telescopic spoke and perform cutter bit replacement work, a front opening into which the telescopic spoke can be inserted at the front of the work partition body, and a front opening device that can open and close the front opening before and after the telescopic spoke is accommodated, and a front gate with an arc-shaped cross section that can be rotated around the axis in the radial direction is provided on the front opening device. The cutter bit replacement method using this shield tunneling machine is a method in which, when replacing cutter bits provided on the cutter spokes of the shield tunneling machine, at least one of the work partition body and the cutter head installed on the partition wall at the front of the shield body is moved in the shield axial direction to accommodate the cutter spokes in the work partition body and perform cutter bit replacement work. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2002-266592 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] According to the shield machine and cutter bit replacement method described in Patent Document 1, it becomes possible to replace cutter bits over a wide area from inside the machine. Incidentally, in the shield tunneling machine described in Patent Document 1, the cutter spokes are retracted toward the chamber when replacing the cutter bit, but there is a concern that retracting the cutter spokes will reduce the supporting force for the tunnel face supported by the cutter spokes. In addition, when the work partition body is moved toward the cutter spoke, and the front gate with an arc-shaped cross section that can open and close the front opening of the work partition body is rotated about a radial axis to open the front opening, and the cutter spoke is stored inside the work partition body, the front gate is caused to bite into the face and surrounding ground when rotating, and after the cutter spoke is stored, the front gate that has bitten into the face, etc. is closed. Therefore, there is a concern that it may become difficult to close the front gate that has bitten into the face, etc. In addition, since multiple driving devices, such as a front opening / closing device and a partition body protruding mechanism, are required, the internal structure of the shield machine tends to become complicated. Furthermore, replacement of cutter bits in the work partition is limited to the cutter bits in the area of ​​the cutter spokes contained within the work partition (the area within reach of the worker), so it is not possible to replace all cutter bits attached to the cutter spokes.

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a shield machine and cutter bit replacement method that enables replacement of all cutter bits in the cutter head safely and smoothly from inside the machine with a relatively simple configuration. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the shield tunneling machine according to the present invention is to A shield tunneling machine having a shield body having a chamber in front of a partition wall, and a cutter head rotatably disposed in front of the chamber and having a plurality of cutter bits attached thereto, A work pit having a front hatch and a rear entrance is provided in the partition wall, and the work pit is movable to the cutter head by a moving mechanism. A guide rail extending in a radial direction of the cutter head is provided inside the cutter head, and a bit exchange device moves along the guide rail between an installation position of the cutter bit to be replaced and the work pit, and the cutter bit is replaced by the bit exchange device; The work pit moved forward by the moving mechanism is pressed against the cutter head, and the old and new cutter bits are replaced from the bit exchange device pulled into the inside of the work pit.

[0008] According to this aspect, the work pit provided in the partition of the shield body is configured to move to the cutter head and be pressed against the cutter head, and the bit exchange device is configured to move along a guide rail inside the cutter head to exchange the cutter bits, so that the cutter head and the work pit, which are in a pressed state with each other, are connected to each other, and the old and new cutter bits can be exchanged from the bit exchange device inside the work pit, and the bit exchange device can be moved to a desired position on the cutter head to install and remove the cutter bits. This allows smooth exchange of all cutter bits attached to the cutter head. Furthermore, since the work pit is not configured to house, for example, cutter spokes inside, the front gate described in Patent Document 1 for housing cutter spokes in front of the work pit is not necessary, making the structure of the shield body as simple as possible. Here, the shield machine to which this embodiment applies may be a machine in which the cutter head is provided with multiple cutter spokes extending in a radial direction and multiple cutter bits are attached to each cutter spoke, or a machine in which multiple cutter bits are attached to a face plate-shaped cutter head. In a form in which the cutter head is provided with multiple cutter spokes, a guide rail is provided inside each cutter spoke so as to extend in its longitudinal direction (the radial direction of the cutter head). A worker in the work pit can use a control box or the like to wirelessly operate the bit changer to remove cutter bits from the cutter head, install cutter bits onto the cutter head, and move the bit changer along the guide rail. This embodiment of the shield machine is applicable to shield machines of various sizes, from small to large diameters, but is particularly suitable for medium- and small-diameter shield machines, since the work pit, which is the space for the worker, moves between the partition and the cutter head, and the cutter bit can be changed simply by moving the bit changer inside the cutter head by operating inside the work pit, and there is no need to increase the diameter of the center shaft. In medium- and small-diameter shield machines, it is sufficient to have one work pit that is freely movable, for example, on either the left or right side of the spring line of the partition, and in large-diameter shield machines, multiple work pits can be provided in the partition.

[0009] Here, examples of the form in which "the work pit is pressed against the cutter head" include a form in which the back surface of the cutter head and the front surface of the work pit are pressed against each other, and a form in which the cutter head and the work pit are indirectly pressed against each other via an expandable water-stopping material. At the point where the work pit and the cutter head are pressed together, the two are brought into metal contact with each other, or a water-stopping material attached to at least one of them is interposed between them, thereby forming a pressed-together posture of the work pit and the cutter head while ensuring high water-stopping properties.

[0010] In another aspect of the shield tunneling machine according to the present invention, A bit opening through which the cutter bit enters and exits is provided on the front surface of the cutter head, A lid for opening and closing the bit opening is provided slidably on a back surface of the bit opening inside the cutter head, When the cutter bit is collected by the bit exchange device, the opening / closing cover slides to close the open bit opening, When the bit exchange device carries a new cutter bit, the opening / closing cover slides to open the bit opening.

[0011] According to this aspect, a sliding lid for opening and closing the bit opening is provided on the back side of the bit opening inside the cutter head, so that the lid closes the bit opening when the cutter bit is retrieved, thereby preventing groundwater from entering through the bit opening from which the cutter bit has been temporarily removed.

[0012] In another aspect of the shield tunneling machine according to the present invention, A housing case for housing the cutter bit is attached to the rear of the cutter bit inside the cutter head, When the cutter bit is removed from the bit opening, the cutter bit is pulled backward by the bit exchange device and stored in the storage case, and then the storage case is removed from the cutter head and loaded onto the bit exchange device; When a new cutter bit is to be installed in the bit opening, the bit exchange device attaches the storage case containing the new cutter bit to the cutter head, then slides the opening / closing lid to open the bit opening, and then pushes the new cutter bit out into the bit opening.

[0013] According to this aspect, when removing the cutter bit from the bit opening, the cutter bit is stored in a storage case attached to the cutter head, and when installing the cutter bit in the bit opening, the cutter bit is pushed out of the storage case attached to the cutter head, thereby enabling the cutter bit to be removed from the bit opening and installed in the bit opening in a stable manner.

[0014] In another aspect of the shield tunneling machine according to the present invention, The bit exchange device is An identification means for identifying a position of the cutter bit to be replaced; A traveling base that moves along the guide rail; A transfer base that moves on the traveling base and pushes the cutter bit into the bit opening and pulls the cutter bit out from the bit opening; A first driving means for moving the traveling base; A second driving means for moving the transfer base; a first bolt rotating means for rotating a fixing bolt when the housing case is fixed to the cutter head by the bolt; The cutter bit is characterized by having a second bolt rotation means that, when pushing the cutter bit forward from the storage case and when pulling the cutter bit rearward from the bit opening, screws a push-pull bolt into a bolt hole inside the cutter bit and rotates the push-pull bolt to move the cutter bit relatively to push it out and pull it out.

[0015] According to this aspect, the bit changing device is equipped with a traveling base that runs along the guide rail and a transfer base that moves on the traveling base to push out and pull out the cutter bit, so that the device can achieve both traveling along the guide rail and changing the cutter bit, and has a configuration as compact as possible. Here, the sequential drive control of the first drive means, the second drive means, etc. may be performed automatically, or may be performed by a worker in the work pit through remote control.

[0016] In another aspect of the shield tunneling machine according to the present invention, The transfer base is characterized in that it is provided with a gripping means for gripping the storage case mounted on the transfer base.

[0017] According to this aspect, since the transfer base is provided with a gripping means for gripping the storage case mounted on the transfer base, the storage case can be smoothly and reliably removed from the cutter head and attached to the cutter head.

[0018] In another aspect of the shield tunneling machine according to the present invention, The transfer base is characterized in that a third driving means for sliding the opening / closing lid is provided on the transfer base.

[0019] According to this aspect, since the third driving means for sliding the opening / closing lid is provided on the transfer base, the opening / closing lid can be smoothly and continuously slid before and after replacing the cutter bit with respect to the bit opening.

[0020] In another aspect of the shield tunneling machine according to the present invention, The work pit is provided on the back surface of the cutter head at two locations on the left and right sides of the spring line, or at one location on the left or right side, The cutter bit is replaced while the bit replacement device is moved with the guide rail in a horizontal position.

[0021] According to this aspect, work pits are provided at two locations, either on the left or right, on the spring line on the back surface of the cutter head, and by moving the bit changing device along a guide rail in a horizontal position aligned on the spring line, the bit changing device can be run without falling off the guide rail. Furthermore, if the bit changer is mounted so as to be able to move freely relative to the guide rail in a manner that prevents it from falling off even when the guide rail is in an inclined or vertical position, in addition to the work pit on the spring line, a separate work pit may be provided at an inclined position or on the center line, and the guide rail may be aligned with this work pit.

[0022] In addition, one aspect of the cutter bit replacement method according to the present invention is to A method for replacing cutter bits in a shield tunneling machine having a shield body having a chamber in front of a partition wall, and a cutter head rotatably disposed in front of the chamber and having a plurality of cutter bits attached thereto, comprising the steps of: A work pit moving and setting process of moving a work pit to the cutter head and pressing the work pit against the cutter head; and a cutter bit changing process which includes the steps of connecting the inside of the work pit with the inside of the cutter head, sending out a bit changing device from the inside of the work pit onto a guide rail inside the cutter head, moving the bit changing device to the cutter bit to be changed, retrieving the cutter bit to be changed with the bit changing device, moving the bit changing device along the guide rail to the work pit to remove the cutter bit, installing a new cutter bit in the bit changing device, and moving the bit changing device along the guide rail to a cutter bit mounting position and mounting it.

[0023] According to this aspect, by moving the work pit to the cutter head in the work pit moving and installation process and pressing the work pit against the cutter head, preparation for replacing the cutter bit can be carried out inside the shield body without being affected by the surrounding ground including the face. In the cutter bit replacement process which follows the work pit moving and installation process, the inside of the cutter head is connected to the work pit, and a bit replacement device carrying new and old cutter bits is moved along a guide rail inside the cutter head, and cutter bits are replaced from the bit replacement device inside the work pit, thereby enabling all cutter bits attached to the cutter head to be replaced efficiently with high construction safety.

[0024] For example, if a cutter head has multiple cutter spokes and a work pit is provided at one of the left or right locations on the spring line on the back of the cutter head, after replacement of the cutter bit in one cutter spoke has been completed, the cutter head is rotated a predetermined angle, and the cutter spoke having the next cutter bit to be replaced is aligned with the front of the work pit located on the spring line, and the work pit moving and installation process and the cutter bit replacement process are performed. By performing this sequentially for all cutter spokes, it is possible to replace the cutter bits in all cutter spokes using, for example, a single work pit. Effect of the Invention

[0025] According to the shield tunneling machine and cutter bit replacement method of the present invention, all cutter bits on the cutter spokes can be replaced safely and smoothly from inside the machine with a relatively simple configuration. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is also a process diagram illustrating the work pit moving and setting up process in an example of a cutter bit replacement method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow II in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line III-III in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow IV in FIG. [Diagram 5] 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating the movement of the bit changing device along the guide rail and the removal of the cutter bit. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a bit exchange device. [Figure 7] 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating the movement of the bit exchange device along the guide rail and the removal of the cutter bit. [Figure 8] 8 is a diagram illustrating the movement of the bit exchange device along the guide rail and the removal of the cutter bit, following FIG. 7. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 4 is a process diagram illustrating a cutter bit replacement process in an example of a cutter bit replacement method according to an embodiment. [Figure 10] 9, this is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 11] 10, this is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 12] 11 , and is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 13] 12, this is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 14] 13A to 13C are process diagrams illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 15] 14A to 14C are process diagrams illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 16] 15A to 15C are process diagrams illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 17] 16, this is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 18] 17A to 17C are process diagrams illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 19] 18 , this is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 20] 19 is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 21] 20, this is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. [Figure 22] 21 , and is a process diagram illustrating the cutter bit replacement process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Hereinafter, a shield machine and a cutter bit replacement method according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification and the drawings, substantially identical components are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions may be omitted.

[0028] [Shield machine and cutter bit replacement method according to the embodiment] <Shield tunneling machine> First, an example of a shield machine according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an example of a shield machine according to an embodiment, and Figures 2 to 4 are views as viewed in the direction of arrows II, III-III, and IV in Figure 1, respectively. Note that Figure 7 and other figures will also be referenced as appropriate. Figure 1 is also a process diagram for explaining the work pit moving and setting process in an example of a cutter bit replacement method according to an embodiment, and will also be referred to when explaining the cutter bit replacement method.

[0029] The illustrated shield machine 100 is a hinged type shield machine, and is an earth pressure type shield machine (including a mud pressure type shield machine) that has a shield body 10 composed of a front body 10A and a rear body 10B, a cutter head 20 rotatably attached to the front of the shield body 10 in the excavation direction, and the cutter head 20 has a number of cutter spokes 22. Here, the shield machine may be a muddy type shield machine equipped with a face plate-shaped cutter head. In addition to a hinged type shield machine, the shield machine may be a general shield machine that does not have a hinge mechanism. Furthermore, the illustrated shield machine 100 is a medium- to small-diameter shield machine with a diameter of about 2 m to 9 m, but it may also be a large-diameter shield machine.

[0030] The shield body 10 is provided with a partition 11 behind the cutter head 20, and a chamber 13 for taking in the excavated soil is provided between the partition 11 and the cutter head 20, with a plurality of fixed blades 12 provided on the side of the partition 11 facing the chamber 13, and an agitating blade 21 provided on the back of the cutter head 20 facing the chamber 13. A mud-adding material is supplied to the soil taken into the chamber 13, and by rotating the agitating blade 21 in response to the rotation of the cutter head 20, the soil is plastically fluidized by the fixed blades 12 and the rotating agitating blade 21.

[0031] Multiple hydraulic motors 14 for driving the cutter heads are provided near the center of the back surface of the partition 11, and a screw conveyor 15 communicating with the chamber 13 extends in an inclined position from below the back surface of the partition 11 to the rear body 10B, and the mixed soil and sand that has been plastically fluidized inside the chamber 13 is transported to the rear of the shield machine 100 by the screw conveyor 15.

[0032] A bending jack 18 is attached to the front torso 10A, and one end of the bending jack 18 is fixed to the front of the rear torso 10B. Although only one bending jack 18 is shown in Fig. 1, a plurality of bending jacks 18 are disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction inside the front torso 10A, and one end of each of the bending jacks is fixed to the rear torso 10B.

[0033] A number of shield jacks 16 are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the shield body 10 (only one shield jack is shown in FIG. 1), and the shield jacks 16 are extended against a segment ring, in which a number of segments S are assembled into a ring shape, by an erector device 17 in the rear body 10B, to press the segment ring, thereby causing the shield tunneling machine 100 to excavate in the excavation direction. In addition, tail seals (not shown) are provided in multiple locations on the inside rear of the rear body 10B, extending in the circumferential direction, and the tail seals are constantly in sliding contact with the installed segment rings, ensuring the waterproofing of the rear body 10B.

[0034] The cutter head 20 has a plurality of cutter spokes 22 extending radially from a central boss member. A plurality of cutter bits 30A, 30B are attached inside the cutter spokes 22 at intervals along the longitudinal direction, and a copy cutter 30D is attached to the outer circumferential end of the cutter spokes 22 so as to be freely retractable.

[0035] In the illustrated example of the shield tunneling machine 100, of the cutter bits 30 inside the cutter spokes 22, the cutter bit 30B at the outermost edge and the multiple cutter bits 30A located radially inside can all be freely replaced from inside the shield body 10 (the machine inner side).

[0036] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, on the left side of the spring line SL of the circular partition 11 when viewed from the front, a work pit 40 is arranged so as to be freely movable in the X1 direction between the back of the cutter spoke 22 and the partition 11, and when the work pit 40 is moved toward the cutter spoke 22 when replacing the cutter bit, it is pressed against the cutter spoke 22.

[0037] Here, the installation position of the work pit 40 may be on the right side of the spring line SL, or on both the left and right sides of the spring line SL. Furthermore, in addition to being installed at least on either the left or right side of the spring line SL, it may also be installed above the center line CL, diagonally above between the spring line SL and the center line CL, etc.

[0038] The shield tunneling machine 100 in the illustrated example is a medium- to small-diameter shield tunneling machine, and therefore, due to space constraints, has one work pit 40 with an internal space large enough for worker P to enter in a crouched position; however, in the case of a large-diameter shield tunneling machine, multiple work pits with large internal spaces may be provided circumferentially around a partition that is circular when viewed from the front.

[0039] 4, the work pit 40 comprises a box-shaped pit body 41, with a front hatch 42 provided in front of the pit body 41 and a rear entrance 43 provided in the rear of the pit body 41 through which the worker P can freely enter and exit. A telescopic jack 44, which is a moving mechanism, is attached to the left and right sides of the pit body 41, and a part of a cylinder 44a constituting the telescopic jack 44 is inserted into the hollow portion of the fixed wing 12 and is protected by the fixed wing 12.

[0040] In this way, a part of the moving mechanism 44 that constitutes the work pit 40 is inserted into the interior of the fixed wing 12 and fixed to the rear of the bulkhead 11, thereby making it possible to reduce as much equipment exposed inside the shield body 10, which has a small space, as possible, and to form a simple internal configuration.

[0041] A number of injection pipes constituting a cleaning mechanism 45 are attached around the front hatch 42 of the pit body 41, and the cleaning mechanism 45 is used to clean the pressure-welded points between the cutter spokes 22 and the work pit 40 before pressure welding.

[0042] As shown in Fig. 7, a bit opening 23 into which a cutter bit 30 is attached and detached is provided on the front surface of the cutter spoke 22. Here, in Fig. 5 and subsequent figures, for ease of understanding, only one bit opening 23 is shown on the front surface of the cutter spoke 22, and replacement of the cutter bit 30 into this bit opening 23 is described, but in reality, bit openings 23 corresponding to a plurality of cutter bits 30 attached along the longitudinal direction of the cutter spoke 22 are provided as shown in Fig. 1.

[0043] 5, 7 and 8, a rear opening 27 is provided on the rear surface of the cutter spoke 22 at a position corresponding to the front hatch 42 of the pressed-contact work pit 40. A rear hatch (not shown) is provided in the rear opening 27 so as to be slidable, rotatable via a hinge, or removable. When the work pit 40 is not pressed against the rear surface of the cutter spoke 22, the rear opening 27 is completely closed by the rear hatch, so that soil and sand in the chamber 13 do not enter the inside of the cutter spoke 22.

[0044] On the other hand, when the work pit 40 is pressed against the back surface of the cutter spoke 22, the front hatch 42 of the work pit 40 and the back hatch of the cutter spoke 22 are both opened, thereby connecting the insides of the work pit 40 and the cutter spoke 22. A worker P inside the work pit 40 can reach out and place the bit changer 50 shown in FIG. 5 etc. on the guide rail 28 inside the cutter spoke 22, or can take the bit changer 50 at the end of the guide rail 28 into the work pit 40.

[0045] Although not shown in the figures, a pull-in rail connected to the guide rail 28 inside the cutter spokes 22 may be provided inside the work pit 40. For example, a turntable (not shown) is provided at the end of the guide rail 28, and a pull-in rail inside the work pit is connected to this turntable, so that when a worker P places the bit exchange device 50 on the pull-in rail inside the work pit 40, the bit exchange device 50 travels by itself to the turntable, changes direction by 90 degrees at the turntable, and moves along the guide rail 28 to a predetermined bit opening 23.

[0046] Furthermore, although not shown, the shield tunneling machine 100 is provided with a control panel that controls the operation of various devices. The control panel may be provided in a trailing carriage (not shown) of the shield tunneling machine 100, may be provided in a remote operation room (not shown) on the ground, or may be provided inside the shield tunneling machine 100, and is part of the operation device of the shield tunneling machine 100.

[0047] The control panel is composed of a computer and has a CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), a wireless communication device, a display device, an input device, etc., which are connected to each other via a system bus so that data can be communicated. The ROM stores various programs and data used by the programs. The RAM is used as a storage area for loading the programs stored in the ROM and as a work area for the loaded programs.

[0048] For example, a suitable pressure range (a pressure range that guarantees watertightness and does not damage the pressed portion) is set when the front surface of the work pit 40 is pressed against the cutter spokes 22, and a program is stored that stops the movement of the work pit 40 when the work pit 40 enters within the pressure range against the cutter spokes 22. The CPU realizes various functions by processing the programs loaded into the RAM. The control panel may also have an auxiliary storage device (not shown) for storing installed programs, etc.

[0049] <Bit exchange device> Next, an example of a bit changing device will be described with reference to Fig. 5 to Fig. 8. Here, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8 are views for explaining the movement of the bit changing device along the guide rail and the removal of the cutter bit, respectively, and Fig. 6 is a configuration diagram for explaining an example of the bit changing device.

[0050] An engagement frame 24 is attached to the inner back surface of the cutter spoke 22 at a position corresponding to a bit opening 23 in which a cutter bit 30 is installed, and an opening / closing lid 25 is engaged with the engagement frame 24 so as to be able to slide freely left and right.

[0051] As shown in Figure 7, the opening / closing cover 25 has a central opening 25a. When installing the cutter bit 30 in the bit opening 23, the central opening 25a is aligned with the bit opening 23, and the cutter bit 30 is inserted through the central opening 25a and the bit opening 23, and then is protruded forward of the cutter spokes 22.

[0052] The cutter bit 30 is accommodated in a housing case 31, and the cutter bit 30 is installed on the cutter spokes 22 by screwing a fixing bolt 33 provided in the housing case 31 into a bolt hole 24a provided in the engagement frame 24, as shown in FIG.

[0053] A guide rail 28 extending in the longitudinal direction and two auxiliary rails 29 parallel to the guide rail 28 are provided inside the cutter spoke 22. The guide rail 28 is a rack, and the bit changing device 50 moves between the installation position of the cutter bit 30 to be changed and the end position corresponding to the work pit 40 by driving the pinion gear motor 53 (an example of a first driving means) provided in the bit changing device 50 with the pinion gear of the motor 53 engaged with the rack.

[0054] An engagement leg 51b is provided on the underside of the traveling base 51 equipped with the bit changing device 50, and when the pinion gear of the pinion gear-equipped motor 53 is engaged with the guide rail 28, the engagement leg 51b is freely engaged with the auxiliary rail 29, thereby allowing the bit changing device 50 to move without disengaging from the guide rail 28.

[0055] When replacing the cutter bit 30, the worker P reaches out from the work pit 40 and places the bit replacement device 50 on the guide rail 28 through the rear opening 27.

[0056] The bit exchange device 50 mounted on the guide rail 28 moves in the X2 direction along the guide rail 28 to the installation position of the cutter bit 30 to be exchanged, as shown in FIG.

[0057] Here, a specific configuration of the bit exchanging device 50 will be described with reference mainly to Fig. 6. The bit exchanging device 50 has a traveling base 51 that moves along the guide rail 28, and a transfer base 52 that moves on the traveling base 51 to push the cutter bit 30 into the bit opening 23 and pull out the cutter bit 30 from the bit opening 23.

[0058] 5, a second driving means 54 for moving the transfer base 52 is provided on the upper surface of the traveling base 51. Here, the second driving means 54 is formed of, for example, a cylinder unit.

[0059] An engaging male 51a extending in a direction perpendicular to the guide rail 28 protrudes upward from the upper surface of the traveling base 51, and an engaging female 52a is provided at a position corresponding to the engaging male 51a on the lower surface of the transfer base 52. When the engaging male 51a slidably engages with the engaging female 52a, the transfer base 52 pushed out by the second driving means 54 moves in the Y1 direction toward the bit opening 23 as shown in Fig. 5, and the transfer base 52 pulled in by the second driving means 54 moves in the Y2 direction opposite the bit opening 23 as shown in Fig. 7.

[0060] The transfer base 52 is provided with an identification means 59 for identifying the position of the cutter bit 30 to be replaced. The identification means 59 includes a camera, a sensor, etc., and for example, the camera 59 captures an image of an aiming point (target) (not shown) provided at the installation position of each cutter bit 30 inside the cutter spoke 22, and a worker P in the work pit 40 stops the bit exchanging device 50 at a position where the camera 59 faces the aiming point while checking the image of the camera 59. Here, the bit exchanging device 50 may be automatically stopped at a position where the camera 59 faces the aiming point.

[0061] The transfer base 52 also has mounted thereon a motor with a pinion gear 53 that moves the traveling base 51, a first bolt rotating means 55, and a second bolt rotating means 56. The first bolt rotating means 55 is formed, for example, by a motor, and is a rotating means that rotates the fixing bolt 33 when the storage case 31 is bolted to the cutter spokes 22 and when the storage case 31 is removed from the cutter spokes 22.

[0062] On the other hand, the second bolt rotation means 56 is formed, for example, by a motor, and is a rotation means that, when pushing the cutter bit 30 forward from the storage case 31 and when pulling the cutter bit 30 backward from the bit opening 23, screws a push-pull bolt 35 (see Figure 20) into a bolt hole (not shown) inside the cutter bit and rotates the push-pull bolt 35 to move the cutter bit 30 relatively, thereby pushing and pulling it out.

[0063] 7, the transfer base 52 is further provided with gripping means 57 for gripping the storage case 31 mounted on the transfer base 52 from both sides thereof. The gripping means 57 is formed of, for example, a cylinder unit.

[0064] The transfer base 52 is also equipped with a third drive means 58 for sliding the opening / closing lid 25 and a fourth drive means 60 for moving the third drive means 58. Here, the third drive means 58 is formed by, for example, a motor, and the fourth drive means 60 is formed by a cylinder unit.

[0065] The opening / closing lid 25 is adapted to slide sideways by an opening / closing deceleration spiral gear unit 26 .

[0066] When the opening / closing lid 25 slides sideways, the motor 58 is moved forward by the cylinder unit 60, and the motor 58 is attached to the opening / closing deceleration spiral gear unit 26. After that, the drive shaft of the motor 58 is driven clockwise or counterclockwise, causing the opening / closing lid 25 to slide left and right along the engagement frame 24.

[0067] For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the cutter bit 30 is placed in the bit opening 23, the opening / closing cover 25 fits completely into the engagement frame 24, so that the central opening 25a is aligned with the bit opening 23.

[0068] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 8, when the bit opening 23 is temporarily closed when replacing the cutter bit 30, the opening / closing cover 25 is slid to the left relative to the engagement frame 24, so that a part of the opening / closing cover 25 completely closes the bit opening 23, thereby preventing groundwater from entering the inside of the cutter spoke 22 from the outside through the bit opening 23.

[0069] 5, the transfer base 52 moves forward in the Y1 direction, and a motor 56 is attached to the push-pull bolt 35 which screws into a bolt groove inside the cutter bit 30 and rotates, thereby drawing the cutter bit 30 into the storage case 31. Thereafter, the motor 55 is attached to the end of the fixing bolt 33 and rotates the fixing bolt 33, thereby releasing the fixing of the storage case 31 to the cutter spokes 22 by the fixing bolt 33.

[0070] Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the transfer base 52 is moved backward in the Y2 direction, whereby the storage case 31 containing the cutter bit 30 is collected.

[0071] As shown in Figure 8, the bit exchange device 50, which has collected the cutter bits 30 together with the storage case 31, moves in the X3 direction along the guide rail 28 to a position corresponding to the rear opening 27 of the cutter spoke 22, and a worker P, who is in the work pit 40 which is connected to the inside of the cutter spoke 22 via the rear opening 27, reaches out and collects the bit exchange device 50 into the work pit 40.

[0072] In the work pit 40, a worker P removes the cutter bit 30 to be replaced from the storage case 31 mounted on the bit exchange device 50, stores a new cutter bit 30 in the storage case 31, mounts it on the bit exchange device 50, installs the bit exchange device 50 on the guide rail 28, and moves it to the bit opening 23 shown in Fig. 8. Using the bit exchange device 50 positioned at the bit opening 23, the opening / closing lid 25 that temporarily closes the bit opening 23 is slid to open the bit opening 23, and the new cutter bit 30 is installed in the bit opening 23, thereby replacing the old and new cutter bits 30.

[0073] The driving and stopping of each driving means provided in the bit exchange device 50 is controlled by an operation box (not shown) provided by a worker P in the work pit 40. A monitor (not shown) on which an image captured by a camera 59 is displayed is provided inside the work pit P, and the worker P performs a series of sequential operations while checking the various operations and positions of the bit exchange device 50 on the monitor.

[0074] According to the shield tunneling machine 100 equipped with the bit exchange device 50, the work pit 40 provided in the partition wall 11 of the shield body 10 is configured to move up to the cutter spokes 22 and be pressed against the cutter spokes 22, and the bit exchange device 50 is configured to move along the guide rail 28 inside the cutter spokes 22 to exchange the cutter bits 30. This allows the cutter spokes 22 and the work pit 40, which are in a pressed state with each other, to communicate with each other, and allows the bit exchange device 50 to exchange the old and new cutter bits 30 inside the work pit 40, and allows the bit exchange device 50 to be moved to a desired position on the cutter spokes 22 to install and remove the cutter bits 30. This allows smooth exchange of all the cutter bits 30 attached to the cutter spokes 22.

[0075] Furthermore, since the cutter spokes 22 are not accommodated inside the work pit 40, a front gate or the like for accommodating the cutter spokes 22 in front of the work pit 40 is not required, making the structure of the shield body 10 as simple as possible.

[0076] <How to replace the cutter bit> Next, an example of a method for replacing a cutter bit will be described with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 6, and Fig. 9 to Fig. 22. Fig. 1, Fig. 6, Fig. 9 to Fig. 22 are process diagrams for explaining the method for replacing a cutter bit, in order. More specifically, Fig. 6, Fig. 9 to Fig. 15 are diagrams for explaining a series of processes for removing and recovering the cutter bit 30 to be replaced from the bit opening 23, and Fig. 16 to Fig. 22 are diagrams for explaining a series of processes for installing a new cutter bit 30 in the bit opening 23. Also, Fig. 10 to Fig. 13 and the like are illustrated with the top surface of the storage case 31 removed so that the inside of the storage case 31 can be seen.

[0077] The cutter bit replacement method according to the embodiment is a method in which a shield machine 100 is stopped underground while excavating, and some or all of the cutter bits 30 provided on a plurality of cutter spokes 22 are replaced underground.

[0078] In the illustrated shield tunneling machine 100, the work pit 40 accesses and is pressed against the left side of the spring line SL on the back surface of the cutter head 20, so the cutter head 20 is rotated to align the cutter spoke 22 equipped with the cutter bit 30 to be replaced to the left side on the spring line SL. By aligning the cutter spoke 22 equipped with the cutter bit 30 to be replaced on the spring line SL in this way, the cutter spoke 22 is aligned on the horizontal plane, and the bit exchange device 50 can move in a stable position along the guide rail 28 extending on the horizontal plane.

[0079] After aligning the cutter spoke 22 to the left of the spring line SL, the work pit 40 is moved in the X1 direction toward the front cutter spoke 22 as shown in Fig. 1, and the work pit 40 is pressed against the back surface of the cutter spoke 22. During this pressing, if soil and sand from within the chamber 13 adheres to the pressed-welded portion of the cutter spoke 22 and the pressed-welded portion of the work pit 40, they are washed with a cleaning mechanism 45 shown in Fig. 4 before pressing the work pit 40 (this is the work pit moving and installation process).

[0080] Next, a series of steps in the cutter bit replacing process for removing and recovering the cutter bit 30 to be replaced from the bit opening 23 will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 5, the traveling base 51 is moved in the X2 direction along the guide rail 28, and the camera 59 captures an image of an aiming point (not shown). The worker P, checking the image captured by the camera 59 on a monitor, stops the bit exchange device 50 at a position directly facing the aiming point.

[0082] Next, as shown in Figure 9, the cylinder unit 54 is driven to move the transfer base 52 forward in the Y1 direction, and the cylinder units 57 on the left and right sides of the storage case 31 fixed to the cutter spokes 22 are driven in the Y3 direction, thereby gripping the storage case 31 with the left and right cylinder units 57.

[0083] Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the motor 56 is attached to the push-pull bolt 35 inside the housing case 31.

[0084] When the push-pull bolt 35 rotates with a part of it screwed into the internal bolt groove via the bolt hole 30a, the cutter bit 30, which is prevented from rotating by the storage case 31, moves along the push-pull bolt 35. When the push-pull bolt 35 rotates in one direction, the push-pull bolt 35 is pushed out of the cutter bit 30, and when the push-pull bolt 35 rotates in the other direction, the push-pull bolt 35 is stored in the cutter bit 30, and during this storage process, the cutter bit 30 is stored in the storage case 31.

[0085] As shown in FIG. 11, by driving the motor 56, the cutter bit 30 is pulled backward in the Y4 direction, passes through the bit opening 23, and the cutter bit 30 passes through the central opening 25a of the opening / closing lid 25 and is stored inside the storage case 31.

[0086] Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the motor 58 is moved forward in the Y5 direction by the cylinder unit 60, and the motor 58 is attached to the opening / closing deceleration spiral gear unit .

[0087] As shown in FIG. 13, by driving the motor 58, the opening / closing lid 25 is slid to the left along the engagement frame 24 in the Z1 direction, whereby the cutter bit 30 is pulled out and the bit opening 23 is opened, and is then closed by the opening / closing lid 25.

[0088] 14, the motor 58 is moved rearward in the Y6 direction by the cylinder unit 60 to release it from the opening-closing deceleration spiral gear unit 26. Thereafter, the motor 55 is attached to the end of the fixing bolt 33, and the motor 55 is driven to rotate the fixing bolt 33, thereby releasing the fixing of the accommodation case 31 to the cutter spokes 22 by the fixing bolt 33.

[0089] 15, the cylinder unit 54 is driven to move the transfer base 52 backward in the Y2 direction, thereby recovering the storage case 31 containing the cutter bits 30. The pinion gear motor 53 is driven to move the bit exchange device 50 carrying the recovered cutter bits 30 in the X3 direction along the guide rail 28 to a position corresponding to the rear opening 27, and the worker P in the work pit 40 takes the bit exchange device 50 into the work pit 40 through the rear opening 27.

[0090] The above is the method for recovering the cutter bit 30 using the bit exchange device 50. Next, a series of steps for installing a new cutter bit 30 in the bit opening 23 will be described with reference to Figs.

[0091] In the work pit 40, the worker P retrieves the cutter bit 30 to be replaced from the storage case 31, stores a new cutter bit 30 in the storage case 31 and mounts it on the bit changing device 50, and the bit changing device 50 with the new cutter bit 30 mounted thereon is returned to the inside of the cutter spokes 22 and installed on the guide rail 28. Then, as shown in FIG. 16 , the bit changing device 50 is moved in the X2 direction along the guide rail 28 and aligned to a position directly facing the bit opening 23.

[0092] Next, as shown in Figure 17, the cylinder unit 54 is driven to move the transfer base 52 forward in the Y1 direction, the motor 55 is attached to the end of the fixing bolt 33, and the motor 55 is driven to rotate the fixing bolt 33, thereby fixing the storage case 31 to the cutter spokes 22 via the fixing bolt 33.

[0093] Next, as shown in FIG. 18, the motor 58 is moved forward in the Y5 direction by the cylinder unit 60, and the motor 58 is attached to the opening / closing deceleration spiral gear unit .

[0094] As shown in Figure 19, by driving the motor 58, the opening / closing cover 25 is slid to the right in the Z2 direction along the engagement frame 24, and the central opening 25a is aligned with the bit opening 23, thereby opening the bit opening 23 that was blocked by the opening / closing cover 25.

[0095] Next, as shown in FIG. 20, a motor 56 is attached to the push-pull bolt 35 inside the storage case 31, and the motor 56 is driven to push the cutter bit 30 forward in the Y7 direction out of the storage case 31, passing through the central opening 25a and causing a portion of the cutter bit 30 that has passed through the bit opening 23 to protrude forward of the cutter spokes 22.

[0096] Next, as shown in Figure 21, the cylinder unit 57 is driven in the Y8 direction to release the grip of the cylinder unit 57 on the storage case 31, and as shown in Figure 22, the cylinder unit 54 is driven to move the transfer base 52 backward in the Y2 direction, thereby completing the installation of the new cutter bit 30 on the cutter spoke 22.

[0097] The pinion gear motor 53 is driven to move the bit exchange device 50 in the X3 direction along the guide rail 28 to a position corresponding to the rear opening 27, and the cutter bit exchange process is completed when the worker P takes the bit exchange device 50 out of the work pit 40.

[0098] When there are a plurality of cutter bits 30 to be replaced in one cutter spoke 22, the above-described series of steps are carried out in the same manner.

[0099] If there are multiple cutter spokes 22 equipped with cutter bits 30 to be replaced, after replacement of the cutter bit 30 in one cutter spoke 22 is completed, the cutter head 20 is rotated a predetermined angle, and the cutter spoke 22 equipped with the next cutter bit 30 to be replaced is aligned with the front of the work pit 40 located on the spring line SL, and the work pit moving and installation process and cutter bit replacement process are similarly performed.

[0100] According to the cutter bit replacement method shown in the figure, the work pit 40 is moved to the cutter spokes 22 during the work pit moving and installation process, and the work pit 40 is pressed against the cutter spokes 22, so that preparation for replacement of the cutter bit 30 can be performed inside the shield body 10 without being affected by the surrounding ground including the face.

[0101] In the cutter bit replacement process following the work pit moving and installation process, the inside of the cutter spokes 22 is connected to the work pit 40, and a bit replacement device 50 equipped with new and old cutter bits 30 is moved along the guide rails 28 inside the cutter spokes 22. The cutter bits 30 are replaced from the bit replacement device 50 inside the work pit 40, thereby enabling all cutter bits 30 attached to the cutter spokes 22 to be replaced efficiently with high construction safety.

[0102] The configurations and the like of the above-mentioned embodiments may be combined with other components, and the present invention is not limited to the configurations shown here. In this respect, the present invention can be modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and can be appropriately determined according to the application form. [Explanation of symbols]

[0103] 10: Shield body 10A: Front torso 10B: Rear torso 11: Bulkhead 12:Fixed wing 13: Chamber 14: Hydraulic motor for driving cutter head 15: Screw conveyor 16: Shield Jack 17: Erector device 18: Center-folding jack 20;Cutter head 21: Mixing blade 22: Cutter spoke 23: Bit opening 24: Engagement frame 24a: Bolt hole 25: Opening and closing lid 25a: Central opening 26: Open / close deceleration spiral gear unit 27: Rear opening 28: Guide rail (rack) 29: Auxiliary rail 30, 30A, 30B: Cutter bits 30a: Bolt hole 31: Storage case 33: Fixing bolt 35: Push-pull bolt 40: Work pit 41: Pit body 42: Forward hatch 43: Rear entrance 44: Moving mechanism (telescopic jack) 45: Cleaning mechanism 50: Bit exchange device 51: Running Base 51a: Engagement male 51b: Engagement leg 52: Transfer base 52a: Engagement female 53: Pinion gear equipped motor (first driving means) 54: Cylinder unit (second driving means) 55: Motor (first bolt rotating means) 56: Motor (second bolt rotating means) 57: Cylinder unit (holding means) 58: Motor (third driving means) 59: Camera (specific means) 60: Cylinder unit (fourth driving means) 100: Shield tunneling machine S: Segment P: Worker

Claims

1. A shield tunneling machine having a shield body having a chamber in front of a partition wall, and a cutter head rotatably disposed in front of the chamber and having a plurality of cutter bits attached thereto, A work pit is provided in the partition wall, the work pit has a box-shaped pit body, a front hatch is provided in front of the pit body, a rear entrance is provided in the rear of the pit body, a moving mechanism is attached to the left and right side surfaces of the pit body, a part of the moving mechanism is fixed to the rear of the partition wall, and the moving mechanism can move freely to the cutter head, A bit opening through which the cutter bit enters and exits is provided on the front surface of the cutter head, A lid for opening and closing the bit opening is provided slidably on a back surface of the bit opening inside the cutter head, A guide rail extending in a radial direction of the cutter head is provided inside the cutter head, and a bit exchange device moves along the guide rail between an installation position of the cutter bit to be replaced and the work pit, and the cutter bit is replaced by the bit exchange device; When the cutter bit is collected by the bit exchange device, the opening / closing cover slides to close the open bit opening, When the bit exchange device carries a new cutter bit, the opening / closing cover slides to open the bit opening, A shield tunneling machine, characterized in that the work pit moved forward by the moving mechanism is pressed against the cutter head, and a new and old cutter bit is replaced from the bit exchange device retracted into the work pit.

2. A housing case for housing the cutter bit is attached to the rear of the cutter bit inside the cutter head, When the cutter bit is removed from the bit opening, the cutter bit is pulled backward by the bit exchange device and stored in the storage case, and then the storage case is removed from the cutter head and loaded onto the bit exchange device; 2. The shield tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, when a new cutter bit is to be installed in the bit opening, the bit changing device attaches the storage case in which the new cutter bit is housed to the cutter head, then the opening / closing cover is slid to open the bit opening, and then the new cutter bit is pushed out into the bit opening.

3. The bit exchange device is An identification means for identifying a position of the cutter bit to be replaced; A traveling base that moves along the guide rail; A transfer base that moves on the traveling base and pushes the cutter bit into the bit opening and pulls the cutter bit out from the bit opening; A first driving means for moving the traveling base; A second driving means for moving the transfer base; a first bolt rotating means for rotating a fixing bolt when the housing case is fixed to the cutter head by the bolt; 3. The shield tunneling machine as described in claim 2, further comprising a second bolt rotation means for screwing a push-pull bolt into a bolt hole inside the cutter bit and rotating the push-pull bolt to move the cutter bit relatively to push it out and pull it out when pushing the cutter bit forward from the storage case and when pulling the cutter bit rearward from the bit opening.

4. 4. The shield machine according to claim 3, wherein the transfer base is provided with a gripping means for gripping the storage case mounted on the transfer base.

5. 5. The shield machine according to claim 3, wherein the transfer base is provided with a third driving means for sliding the opening / closing cover.

6. The work pit is provided on the back surface of the cutter head at two locations on the left and right sides of the spring line, or at one location on the left or right side, 6. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutter bit is replaced while the bit replacement device is moved with the guide rail in a horizontal position.

7. The shield body has a chamber in front of the partition wall, and a cutter head is rotatably disposed in front of the chamber and has a plurality of cutter bits attached thereto. A bit opening through which the cutter bit enters and exits is provided on the front surface of the cutter head, A lid for opening and closing the bit opening is provided slidably on a back surface of the bit opening inside the cutter head, When the cutter bit is collected by the bit exchange device, the opening and closing cover slides to close the open bit opening, A cutter bit replacement method for replacing a cutter bit in a shield tunneling machine, in which the opening and closing cover slides to open the bit opening when the bit replacement device transports a new cutter bit, a work pit moving and setting process, in which a work pit is moved to the cutter head, the work pit having a box-shaped pit body, a front hatch provided at the front of the pit body, a rear entrance provided at the rear of the pit body, a moving mechanism attached to the left and right sides of the pit body, a part of the moving mechanism being fixed to the rear of the partition and freely moved to the cutter head by the moving mechanism, a bit opening through which the cutter bit enters and exits is provided at the front side of the cutter head, and an opening and closing lid for opening and closing the bit opening is provided slidably at the rear side of the bit opening inside the cutter head, and the work pit is pressed against the cutter head; a cutter bit replacing step of connecting the inside of the work pit with the inside of the cutter head, sending out the bit replacing device from the inside of the work pit against a guide rail inside the cutter head, moving the bit replacing device to the cutter bit to be replaced, retrieving the cutter bit to be replaced with the bit replacing device, moving the bit replacing device along the guide rail to the work pit to remove the cutter bit, installing a new cutter bit in the bit replacing device, and moving the bit replacing device along the guide rail to a cutter bit mounting position and mounting it.

Images