Low Profile Single and Dual Vascular Access Devices

Abstract

To provide a low-profile port assembly for subcutaneous implantation within a patient.SOLUTION: A port assembly comprises: a first conduit tube which has a first receiving cup at a proximal end and a first nozzle at a distal end; a first valve assembly which is arranged between the first receiving cup and the first nozzle; a second conduit tube which has a second receiving cup at a proximal end and a second nozzle at a distal end; a second valve assembly which is arranged between the second receiving cup and the second nozzle; and an outer shell which surrounds the first conduit tube and the second conduit tube. The outer shell includes a proximal portion which surrounds the first receiving cup and the second receiving cup and a distal portion which surrounds the first nozzle and the second nozzle. The proximal portion, the distal portion, the first conduit tube, and the second conduit tube are connected with each other by press-fit engagement.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 36A

Description

Summary of the Invention

[0001] Briefly summarized, embodiments of the present invention relate to a low profile access port for subcutaneous implantation within a patient's body, the access port includes a receiving cup that provides a relatively large subcutaneous target that allows a catheter support needle to comfortably access the port, and a valve / seal assembly to permit injection of pressurized fluid through the port while preventing backflow.

[0002] In one aspect of the present invention, a device is provided that allows immediate subcutaneous dialysis access while allowing a patient to bathe and shower, and reduces the costs and time associated with cleaning and maintenance compared to traditional tunneled dialysis catheters placed outside the body.

[0003] In one aspect of the present invention, a device is provided that allows for long-term dialysis while minimizing trauma to the skin. A typical infusion or apheresis port interface forces the clinician to access approximately the same site each time the port is accessed. Dialysis is typically required multiple times per week. An embodiment of an implantable dialysis port is provided that allows for multiple needle insertion sites, thereby reducing trauma to a single site on the skin. In one aspect of the invention, a low profile access port comprises a body including a conduit having an inlet port at a proximal end and a receiving cup. The receiving cup is concave to direct a catheter support needle into the conduit through the inlet port. The receiving cup is oriented generally toward the skin surface when implanted subcutaneously within a patient to facilitate needle impaction. A valve / seal assembly disposed in the conduit allows passage of the catheter while preventing backflow of fluid.

[0004] In one aspect of the invention, a low profile access port for subcutaneous implantation in a patient is disclosed and comprises a body including a conduit having an inlet port at a proximal end and a receiving cup. The receiving cup is funnel shaped to direct a catheter support needle into the conduit through the inlet port. The conduit is formed by the body and extends from the inlet port to an outlet formed by the stem. A bend in the conduit allows the catheter to advance past the bend while preventing advancement of the needle. A valve / seal assembly is disposed within the conduit and allows for passage of the catheter while preventing backflow of fluid. The body comprises a radiopaque indicia configured to allow identification of the access port by x-ray.

[0005] In one aspect of the invention, a low profile access port is disclosed and comprises a body including a first set of receiving cups and a first set of inlet ports, each receiving cup of the first set of receiving cups in fluid communication with one of the inlet ports of the first set, each receiving cup being concavely shaped to direct an impaction needle to the inlet port, a first conduit in fluid communication with each of the inlet ports of the first set of inlet ports, the first conduit extending from the first set of inlet ports to a first outlet of the port stem, and a catheter in fluid communication with the first outlet.

[0006] In some embodiments, the receiving cup of the second set is in fluid communication with one of the inlet ports of the second set, and the second conduit is in fluid communication with each of the inlet ports of the second set, and the second conduit extends from the inlet port of the second set to the second outlet of the port stem. The receiving cup of the first set is proximal to the receiving cup of the second set. The periphery of each receiving cup of the first set of receiving cups lies in a plane, and the planes of the periphery of each receiving cup are angled relative to each other. The periphery of each receiving cup of the first set of receiving cups lies in a plane, and the planes of the periphery of each receiving cup are coplanar relative to each other. The periphery of each receiving cup of the first set of receiving cups includes an incision, and the incision between adjacent receiving cups provides communication between the adjacent receiving cups.

[0007] In one aspect of the present invention, a dialysis catheter assembly is disclosed, comprising a catheter having a first lumen and a second lumen, a bifurcated hub having a distal end in fluid communication with a proximal end of the catheter, and a first extension leg and a second extension leg hub connected to the distal end of the bifurcated hub. The first extension leg is in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second extension leg is in fluid communication with the second lumen. The first port includes a first receiving cup that forms a first perimeter approximately parallel to a skin surface after implantation of the dialysis catheter assembly, the first port includes a first outlet in fluid communication with the first receiving cup, and the first outlet is in fluid communication with the first extension leg. The second port is separated from the first port, the second port including a second receiving cup that forms a second perimeter approximately parallel to the skin surface after implantation of the dialysis catheter assembly, the second port including a second outlet in fluid communication with the second receiving cup, the second outlet in fluid communication with the second extension leg.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first receiving cup includes a first bulkhead covering a first perimeter and the second receiving cup includes a second bulkhead covering a second perimeter, the first bulkhead and the second bulkhead providing a continuous outer profile for the first port and the second port.

[0009] In one aspect of the present invention, a subcutaneous dialysis port is disclosed that includes a catheter having a first lumen and a second lumen, and a bifurcated hub having a distal end in fluid communication with a proximal end of the catheter, a first elongated arm and a second elongated arm connected to the distal end of the bifurcated hub, the first elongated arm in fluid communication with the first lumen, the second elongated arm in fluid communication with the second lumen, and each of the first elongated arm and the second elongated arm including a needle-penetrable portion in a top wall.

[0010] In some embodiments, the lower walls of the first and second elongate arms are formed from a flexible material that allows the first and second elongate arms to conform to the contours of a patient's body. The first and second elongate arms each include an end cap disposed at a proximal end, each end cap including at least one of a palpable feature and an indicator, the indicator being observable under a suitable imaging modality. The at least one of the palpable feature and the indicator indicates the direction of flow to a user. The needle-penetrable portion includes a self-sealing silicone material. The lower walls of the first and second elongate arms are formed from a needle-impenetrable material.

[0011] In one aspect of the invention, a vascular access device for subcutaneous implantation is disclosed, comprising a catheter having a first lumen and a second lumen, and an elongated body forming a first elongated chamber and a second elongated chamber, the first elongated chamber in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second elongated chamber in fluid communication with the second lumen. A needle-penetrable septum is disposed over an opening on a top surface of the elongated body, the opening providing access to the first elongated chamber and the second elongated chamber. A needle-penetrable guide is disposed over the opening and the needle-penetrable septum, the needle-penetrable guide including a plurality of first openings disposed over the first elongated chamber and a plurality of second openings disposed over the second elongated chamber.

[0012] In some embodiments, the elongate body has a length and a width, the length being more than twice the width. The first elongate chamber and the second elongate chamber extend in a side-by-side arrangement relative to a longitudinal axis of the elongate body. The first elongate chamber and the second elongate chamber are in a tandem arrangement relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongate body such that the first elongate chamber is proximal to the second elongate chamber. The needle-impenetrable guide is at least partially disposed within the needle-penetrable septum. The needle-impenetrable guide does not penetrate the needle-penetrable septum. The plurality of first openings are parallel to the plurality of second openings.

[0013] In one aspect of the invention, a port assembly is disclosed that includes a first conduit including a first receiving cup at a proximal end and a first nozzle at a distal end, with a first valve assembly disposed between the first receiving cup and the first nozzle. A second conduit includes a second receiving cup at a proximal end and a second nozzle at a distal end, with a second valve assembly disposed between the second receiving cup and the second nozzle. An outer shell surrounds the first and second conduits, the outer shell includes a proximal portion surrounding the first and second receiving cups and a distal portion surrounding the first and second nozzles, the proximal portion, the distal portion, the first conduit, and the second conduit being connected by a press fit engagement.

[0014] In some embodiments, the distal portion of the outer shell includes a distal receiving slot configured to receive the stem assembly. The stem assembly includes a housing having a proximal end configured for insertion into the distal receiving slot, the stem assembly being connected to the distal portion of the outer shell for press fit engagement. The stem assembly includes a first stem and a second stem extending from the distal end of the housing, the first stem in fluid communication with the first receiving cup, and the second stem in fluid communication with the second receiving cup. The port assembly includes a catheter including a first lumen configured for insertion onto the first stem and a second lumen configured for insertion onto the second stem, and a locking member configured to couple the stem assembly to the catheter. The stem assembly includes a first slot at an upper portion and a second slot at a lower portion, the locking member including a first protrusion configured to snap into the first slot and a second protrusion configured to snap into the second slot. The outer shell, the housing, and the locking member together present a smooth, continuous exterior surface.

[0015] In view of the above, embodiments herein are generally directed to a vascular access device, also referred to herein as an access port, for subcutaneous implantation within a patient's body. The implanted access port is percutaneously accessible by a catheter support needle, such as a peripheral intravenous ("PIV") catheter, to place the PIV catheter in fluid communication with the access port. The fluid outlet of the access port, in one embodiment, is operatively connected to an indwelling catheter disposed within the patient's vasculature such that infusion of fluids into and / or removal of fluids from the patient's vasculature can occur via the PIV catheter.

[0016] These and other features of the embodiments of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention as set forth hereinafter. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0017] A more particular description of the present disclosure will be made by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that these drawings merely depict typical embodiments of the invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1A] 1A-1D show various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 1B] 1A-1D show various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] 1A-1D show various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 1D] 1A-1D show various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 1E] 1A-1D show various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of the access port of FIGS. 1A-1E. [Figure 3A] 1A-1D are various views of a low profile access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 3B] 1A-1D are various views of a low profile access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 3C] 1A-1D are various views of a low profile access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 illustrates a top view of a low-profile access port according to one embodiment. [Diagram 5] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 7A] 1A-1D are various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 7B] 1A-1D are various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 8A] 1A-1D are various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 8B]1A-1D are various views of an access port according to one embodiment. [Figure 9A] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9B] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9C] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9D] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9E] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9F] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9G] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 9C is an exploded view of the access device of FIGS. 9A-9G. [Figure 11] FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of the access device of FIGS. 9A-9G. [Figure 12A] 1A-1D show various views of a seal according to one embodiment. [Figure 12B] 1A-1D show various views of a seal according to one embodiment. [Figure 12C] 1A-1D show various views of a seal according to one embodiment. [Figure 13A] 1A-1D show various views of a valve according to one embodiment. [Figure 13B] 1A-1D show various views of a valve according to one embodiment. [Figure 13C] 1A-1D show various views of a valve according to one embodiment. [Figure 14A] 9A-9G depict various stages of insertion of a catheter into the access device of FIGS. [Figure 14B] 9A-9G depict various stages of insertion of a catheter into the access device of FIGS. [Figure 14C] 9A-9G depict various stages of insertion of a catheter into the access device of FIGS. [Figure 14D]9A-9G depict various stages of insertion of a catheter into the access device of FIGS. [Figure 15A] 9A-9G depict various views of a guide device for use with the access device of FIGS. 9A-9G, according to one embodiment. [Figure 15B] 9A-9G depict various views of a guide device for use with the access device of FIGS. 9A-9G, according to one embodiment. [Figure 16A] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 16B] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 16C] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 16D] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 16E] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 16F] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 16G] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 17A] 16A-16G depict various views of the vascular access port. [Figure 17B] 16A-16G depict various views of the vascular access port. [Figure 18] FIG. 16C is an exploded view of the vascular access device of FIGS. 16A-16G. [Figure 19] FIG. 16C is a partial perspective view of the vascular access device of FIGS. 16A-16G. [Figure 20] FIG. 16C is a perspective view of a portion of the vascular access device of FIGS. 16A-16G. [Figure 21A] FIG. 16C is a cutaway view of the vascular access device of FIGS. 16A-16G. [Figure 21B] FIG. 16C is a cutaway view of the vascular access device of FIGS. 16A-16G. [Figure 22A]1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device, according to one embodiment. [Figure 22B] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device, according to one embodiment. [Figure 22C] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device, according to one embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 22D is a partial perspective view of the vascular access device of FIGS. 22A-22C. [Figure 24] FIG. 22C is a partial perspective view of a portion of the vascular access port of FIGS. 22A-22C. [Figure 25A] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 25B] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 25C] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 25D] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 25E] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 26A] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 26B] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 26C] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 26D] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 27] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a valve / seal arrangement according to one embodiment. [Figure 28] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a valve / seal arrangement according to one embodiment. [Figure 29] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a valve / seal arrangement according to one embodiment. [Diagram 30] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a valve / seal arrangement according to one embodiment. [Diagram 31] 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 32A] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 32B] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Diagram 33] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 34A] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 34B] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Fig. 35A-35C] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 35D] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 35E] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Fig. 35F] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 35G] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Fig. 35H] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Fig. 35I] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Fig. 35J] 1A-1D show various views of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 36A] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 36B] 1 illustrates an exploded view of a low profile vascular access device according to one embodiment. [Figure 37A] FIG. 36B shows a perspective view of a port assembly of the device of FIG. 36A. [Figure 37B]37B shows an exploded view of the port assembly of FIG. 37A. [Fig. 38A-38B] 36B shows various views of the catheter of the device of FIG. 36A. [Figure 39A] 36B shows various views of the connector of the device of FIG. 36A. [Figure 39B] 36B shows various views of the connector of the device of FIG. 36A. [Figure 39C] 36B shows various views of the connector of the device of FIG. 36A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Reference is now made to the drawings, in which like elements are given like reference numerals, and it should be understood that the drawings are schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not limiting, and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] For clarity, it should be understood that the term "proximal" refers to a direction relatively closer to the clinician using the device described herein, and the term "distal" refers to a direction relatively further from the clinician. For example, the end of a catheter that is placed within a patient's body is considered the distal end of the catheter, while the end of the catheter that remains outside the body is the proximal end of the catheter. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, the terms "including," "having," and "having" are intended to have the same meaning as the term "comprising."

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to an access port for subcutaneous implantation within a patient's body. The implanted access port is percutaneously accessible by a catheter support needle, such as a peripheral intravenous ("PIV") catheter, to place the PIV catheter in fluid communication with the access port. The fluid outlet of the access port, in one embodiment, is operatively connected to an indwelling catheter disposed within the patient's vasculature so that fluids can be infused into and / or removed from the patient's vasculature, e.g., dialysis or similar extracorporeal treatment, via the PIV catheter.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the access port has a low profile to facilitate easy placement within the subcutaneous tissue of a patient. Additionally, the access port is configured to provide a relatively large subcutaneous target to allow a PIV catheter or other suitable catheter support needle to easily access the port. Additionally, the access port includes a valve / seal assembly to permit injection of fluids through the access port at a relatively high flow rate, such as about 5 ml per second at a pressure of about 300 psi (also referred to herein as "high pressure injection"). Potential applications of the access ports described herein include administration of medications and other fluids to a patient, pheresis / apheresis / dialysis or similar extracorporeal treatments that allow for the injection or removal of fluids from a patient's vascular system, fluid aspiration, and the like.

[0022] Reference is initially made to Figures 1A-1E, which illustrate various details of an access port, generally designated 10, according to one embodiment. As shown, the port 10 includes a body 12, which in this embodiment is formed by a first portion 12A and a second portion 12B (Figure 1E). In this embodiment, the port body 12 is constructed of a metal, such as titanium, such that the second portion 12B is press fit into engagement with the first portion 12A to form the body, although it will be understood that the port body may be constructed of a variety of other materials, including metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and the like.

[0023] In this embodiment, as described further below, the port body 12 forms a generally concave receiving cup 14 for receiving and directing a catheter support needle (FIG. 2) for operative connection with the port 10. In particular, the generally concave shape of the receiving cup 14 is configured to direct a catheter support needle (FIG. 2) that impinges on the receiving cup 14 toward an inlet port 16 that serves as an opening for a conduit 18 formed by the port body 12. The open, shallow nature of the receiving cup 14 allows it to face generally upward (i.e., toward the patient's skin surface) and therefore be generally parallel to the skin surface when implanted subcutaneously under the patient's skin (i.e., the receiving cup is generally parallel to the skin surface when the skin is at rest or not deformed by finger pressure or finger manipulation), and as shown in FIG. 2, when introduced into the skin, the receiving cup presents a large, easily accessible target for the needle. FIG. 2 further illustrates that the port 10 is formed with a relatively low profile height, which allows for the use of a relatively short needle length to access the port after implantation. It will be appreciated that the port 10, the port body 12, the funnel 14, portions thereof, and the like, can be constructed of any suitable biocompatible material. Additionally, the port 10, or portions thereof, can include a metal, such as, for example, titanium. As described in further detail herein, such metals can be biocompatible, radiopaque, and / or resistant to gouging from an impingement needle. By way of example, the port 10, the port body 12, the funnel 14, portions thereof, including titanium, can be machined, formed by injection molding powdered titanium, or manufactured by other suitable methods.

[0024] Palpation features 26 are included on the port body 12 to assist a clinician in locating and / or identifying the port 10 by finger palpation after implantation under a patient's skin. Specifically, in this embodiment, the palpation features 26 include a protrusion 26A located near the proximal end of the receiving cup 14 and a ridge 26B located above and curving along a distal portion of the receiving cup. FIG. 1B shows that the palpation features extend on the general upper plane formed by the port 10 to assist a clinician in palpating the features to identify the location and / or orientation of the receiving cup 14. It should be noted that various other sizes, configurations, numbers, etc. of palpation features may be included on a port in addition to those shown and described herein.

[0025] A guide groove 28 is formed on the receiving cup 14 and is longitudinally aligned with the inlet port 16 of the conduit 18. The guide groove 28 is formed as a recess relative to the adjacent portion of the surface of the receiving cup 14 and extends distally along the receiving cup surface from a proximal portion of the receiving cup to provide a guide path that guides the distal tip of the catheter support needle toward the inlet port 16 upon impact of the needle against the guide groove. This reduces the chance that the needle will slip off of the receiving cup 14 during insertion. It is noted that these and other similar features, although different in shape and configuration, may also be included in the other ports disclosed herein.

[0026] As best seen in FIG. 1E, the port body 12 further defines a conduit 18 as a path through which a percutaneously inserted catheter may pass to place the catheter in fluid communication with the port 10. As shown, the conduit 18 communicates with the receiving cup 14 via the inlet port 16. A first conduit portion 18A of the conduit 18 extends distally from the inlet port 16 in a diagonally downward direction from the perspective view shown in FIG. 1E to a bend 30, and a second conduit portion 18B of the conduit is angled slightly upward to change direction at an angle θ1. It is noted that the angular orientation θ1 in one embodiment is approximately 37 degrees, but may vary in other embodiments, including angles less than 37 degrees in one embodiment. The magnitude of the angle θ1 depends on various factors, including, in one embodiment, the size of the catheter and / or needle to be inserted into the port conduit, the size of the conduit itself, etc.

[0027] The conduit 18 then extends to and through a cavity 20A formed by the port body valve housing 20. The conduit 18 extends to a distal open end of a stem 24 of the port 10. The conduit 18 is sized to allow a catheter 40 (FIG. 2) to pass therethrough, as will be seen later.

[0028] As mentioned above, the valve housing 20 defines a cavity 20A through which the conduit passes and which houses the valve / seal assembly 22. The valve / seal assembly 22 includes a sealing element, or seal 32, which defines a central bore through which the catheter 40 can pass, a first slit valve 34A, and a second slit valve 34B. As shown in FIG. 1E, the seal 32 and valves 34A, 34B are sandwiched together in one embodiment and fixed in place within the cavity 20A. The slits of the slit valves 34A, 34B are rotationally offset from one another by approximately 90 degrees in this embodiment, although other relationships are possible.

[0029] The seal 32 and valves 34A, 34B of the valve / seal assembly 22 cooperate to prevent backflow of fluid through the valve / seal assembly while allowing for fluid-tight passage of a catheter 40 (FIG. 2). Indeed, in one embodiment, the seal disclosed herein is adapted to prevent fluid flow around an exterior portion of a catheter when the catheter is positioned to pass through the seal, and the valve is adapted to prevent fluid flow when the catheter is not passing through it. Thus, when the catheter 40 is not inserted therethrough, the valve / seal assembly 22 seals to prevent the passage of air or fluid. In this embodiment, the seal 32 and valves 34A, 34B are constructed of silicone, although other suitably flexible materials may be used.

[0030] The port 10 of this embodiment includes an overmolded portion 36 that covers the port body 12. The overmolded portion 36 is constructed of silicone or other suitably flexible material and surrounds the body 12 as shown to provide a relatively soft surface for the port 10 and reduce patient discomfort after implantation of the port. The overmolded portion 36 includes two predetermined suture locations 38, best shown in FIG. 1C, for suturing the port 10 to the patient's tissue, although sutures may pass through other portions of the overmolded portion if desired. The overmolded portion 36 further defines a relatively flat bottom surface 36A to provide a stable surface for the port 10 at its location within the tissue pocket after implantation. In contrast, the port shown in FIG. 3C includes a bottom surface having a slightly rounded profile.

[0031] 2 shows details regarding the insertion of a catheter 40 disposed on a needle 42, according to one embodiment. After locating the port 10 by transdermal palpation of the palpation features 26, the clinician uses the catheter support needle 42 to pierce the skin surface 44 and insert the needle until its distal tip 42A strikes a portion of the receiving cup 14, as shown. Note that because the orientation of the receiving cup 14 is approximately parallel to the skin surface, the needle 42 can strike the receiving cup at a relatively steep insertion angle θ2, which facilitates insertion of the needle into the body. In fact, in one embodiment, a needle inserted approximately perpendicularly through the patient's skin can strike the receiving cup of the access port.

[0032] The needle 42 is manipulated until the distal tip 42A is received in the guide channel 28, allowing the distal tip to be guided along the channel into the inlet port 16. The needle 42 is then inserted through the inlet port 16 and into the first portion 18A of the conduit 18 until the needle 42 is stopped by the bend 30. The needle 42 can then be retracted proximally a short distance and the catheter 40 is advanced over the needle, past the bend 30 causing the catheter to bend and into the second portion 18B of the conduit 18. Advancement of the catheter continues until the distal end 40A of the catheter 40 is advanced into and past the hole in the seal 32 and through both slits in the slit valves 34A, 34B of the valve / seal assembly 40. Once the distal end 40A of the catheter 40 extends distally past the valve / seal assembly 22, further advancement is halted and fluid transfer through the catheter 40 and port 10, including infusion and / or aspiration through the stem 24, can begin. Once fluid transfer is complete, the catheter 40 can be retracted proximally through the valve / seal assembly 22 and the conduit, and then out of the patient through the skin surface 44.

[0033] 3A-3C show details of an access port 110 according to another embodiment. It should be noted that various similarities exist between the port 10 and other ports shown and described herein. Accordingly, only selected aspects of the port are described below. As shown, the port 110 includes a body 112 including a first body portion 112A and a second body portion 112B, as best seen in FIG. 3C. In this embodiment, the body 112 is constructed of a thermoplastic material, such as acetyl resin in this embodiment. Accordingly, the first and second body portions 112A, 112B are ultrasonically welded together to form the body 12 in this embodiment. As previously mentioned, a receiving cup 114 is provided in the body 112 and is operatively connected to a conduit 118 via an inlet port 116. It should also be noted that a variety of materials can be used to form the port body, receiving cup, conduit, and the like.

[0034] The valve / seal assembly 122 is disposed within a cavity 120A formed by the valve housing 120, which in this embodiment is formed by the first body portion 112A. The valve / seal assembly 122 includes a proximal seal 132 having a central hole for catheter passage, two slit valves 134A, 134B each having a slit positioned at a 90 degree offset relative to the other, and a distal seal 135 having a central hole, also referred to herein as a sphincter seal.

[0035] Distal seal 135 includes a frusto-conical portion 135A on its distal surface disposed about the seal central bore. Portion 135A is configured to provide a sphincter-like seal about the outer surface of the catheter as the catheter extends through the valve / seal assembly. Frustrated portion 135A is positioned such that any backflow fluid impinging on the frusto-conical portion causes the seal to more tightly engage and secure itself about the outer surface of the catheter, thereby preventing backflow past the outer surface of the catheter during high fluid pressures, such as during high pressure injection. As discussed, other valve / seal combinations may also be included within the valve / seal assembly.

[0036] In this embodiment, both the receiving cup 114 and the portion of the conduit 118 proximal to the valve / seal assembly 122 include a needle-impenetrable lining that prevents the distal end of a needle from puncturing the surface when it strikes the needle-impenetrable lining. This prevents the undesirable creation of specks of material dug by the needle. A variety of suitable materials may be used for the needle-impenetrable material, including glass, ceramic, metal, and the like. In one embodiment, the components of the port 110 are all non-metallic such that the port is MRI safe, such that the port will not create undesirable artifacts when MRI images of the patient are taken when the port is implanted therein.

[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates additional features of the port 110 according to another embodiment. As shown, in this embodiment, the receiving cup 18 includes a radiopaque indicia 128 to indicate the features of the port 110. Here, the radiopaque indicia 128 includes a "C" and a "T" formed by a radiopaque material, such as tungsten, bismuth trioxide, or the like, that is visible by radiographic techniques after port implantation. For example, the radiopaque material can be formed as an insert that is included in the port body, an insert molded into the port body, or the like, which is an initially flowable material that is injected into the cavity of the port body before hardening. In an embodiment in which the port body is metallic, the radiopaque indicia can be formed by etching, engraving, or other methods that result in a relative thickness difference between the indicia and the surrounding port body material to provide a radiographic contrast that is clearly visible in an x-ray image.

[0038] In this embodiment, the CT radiopaque indicia 128 indicates to an observer that the port allows for high pressure injection of fluid therethrough. In addition to this feature, other features may be indicated by a variety of other types of indicia as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

[0039] 4 shows that in this embodiment, the port body 112 in the area surrounding the receiving cup 114 forms a generally triangular shape that may be palpated by a clinician after implantation to indicate not only the location of the receiving cup, but also certain characteristics of the port, such as that it may be used for high pressure infusion. Of course, the receiving cup may be formed in shapes other than triangular in other embodiments.

[0040] 4 further shows that distributed about the periphery of the receiving cup 114 are three palpation features 126, namely, three suture plugs 126A located in corresponding holes formed in the port body 112. The suture plugs 126A comprise raised silicone ridges in this embodiment, and aid in locating the receiving cup 114 after implantation when palpated by the clinician prior to needle insertion into the patient. In other embodiments, a variety of other palpation features may be provided on the port.

[0041] 5 shows details of a low profile port 210 according to one embodiment including a body 212 that forms a concave receiving cup 214 and an inlet port 216 that is slightly off-center relative to the receiving cup. A stem 224 is included as a fluid outlet.

[0042] 6 illustrates a low profile port 210 according to another embodiment in which the body 212 forming an additional surface feature includes a raised palpation feature 226 distal to the receiving cup 214. Thus, in view of Figures 5 and 6, it will be understood that the port can be configured in a variety of shapes and configurations to provide a low profile solution for providing vascular access. It should also be noted that the shape, design, and configuration of the receiving cup can be varied from that explicitly shown and described herein.

[0043] 7A and 7B show various details of a low profile dual body access port 310 according to one embodiment in which each of the port bodies 312 forms a receiving cup 314 that faces laterally and includes an inlet port 316 that leads to a conduit 318. The conduit 318 extends distally to a valve / seal assembly 322 disposed in a valve housing 320, which in this embodiment is formed by a portion of the body 312. The conduit 318 extends through a port 324. A flexible overmold portion 324 covers a portion of each body 312 of the port 310 and operably couples the bodies to one another. The body 312 may be constructed of any suitable material, including metal, thermoplastic material, and the like.

[0044] 8A and 8B show various details of a low profile dual body access port 410 according to one embodiment in which a port body 412 forms dual fluid paths. Each fluid path includes a receiving cup 414 formed by the body 412 and facing generally upward from the perspective views shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. An inlet port 416 is provided in each receiving cup 414 and forms an opening to a conduit 418. Each conduit 418 extends distally to a valve / seal assembly 422 disposed in a valve housing 420, which in this embodiment is formed by a portion of the body 412. The conduit 418 extends through a port 424. The body 412 may be constructed of any suitable material, including metal, thermoplastic material, and the like.

[0045] Reference is now made to Figures 9A-30, which illustrate various details of embodiments generally relating to a vascular access device (also referred to herein as an access port) for subcutaneous implantation within a patient's body. The implanted access ports described are percutaneously accessible by a catheter support needle, such as a peripheral intravenous ("PIV") catheter, to place the PIV catheter in fluid communication with the access port. The fluid outlet of the access port, in one embodiment, is operatively connected to an indwelling catheter disposed within the patient's vasculature such that infusion and / or removal of fluids from the patient's vasculature can occur via the PIV catheter.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the access port is formed with a relatively low profile to facilitate easy placement within the subcutaneous tissue of a patient. Additionally, the access port is configured to provide a relatively large subcutaneous target to allow a PIV catheter or other suitable catheter support needle to easily access the port. Additionally, the access port includes a valve / seal assembly to allow high pressure injection of fluids through the access port. As previously mentioned, possible applications for the access ports described herein include administration of medications and other fluids to a patient, pheresis / apheresis, fluid aspiration, and the like.

[0047] Reference is initially made to Figures 9A-9G, which illustrate various details of a vascular access device (also an "access port" or "port") generally designated 510, according to one embodiment. As shown, the port 510 includes a body 512, which in this embodiment is formed by a first portion 512A and a second portion 512B (Figure 9E). In this embodiment, the port body 512 is constructed of a metal, such as titanium, such that the second portion 512B is press fit into engagement with the first portion 512A to form the body, although it will be understood that the port body may be constructed of a variety of other materials, including metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and the like.

[0048] In this embodiment, as described further below, the first portion 512A of the port body forms a generally funnel-shaped receiving cup 514 for receiving and directing a catheter support needle (FIG. 14A) to operatively connect with the port 510. In particular, the generally funnel shape of the receiving cup 514 is configured to direct a catheter support needle (FIG. 14A) impinging thereon toward an entry port 516 that serves as an opening for a conduit 518 formed by the port body 512. As shown in FIGS. 14A-14D, the open, shallow nature of the receiving cup 514 angled toward the patient's skin surface allows the receiving cup to present a large, easily accessible target for the needle when introduced into the skin. FIGS. 9B and 9C further show that the port 510 forms a relatively low profile height, which allows for the use of a relatively short needle length to access the port after implantation. It should be noted that, as with other embodiments herein, palpation features may be included on the port body 512 to assist a clinician in locating and / or identifying the port 510 by palpation after implantation under a patient's skin. Additionally, in another embodiment, a guide groove may be formed on the receiving cup 514 to be longitudinally aligned with the inlet port 516 of the conduit 518, similar to that shown on the access port 10 of FIG. 1A.

[0049] 9A-9G, reference is also made to FIGS. 10 and 11. As best seen in FIG. 11, the port body 512 forms a conduit 518 as a path through which a percutaneously inserted catheter can pass to place the catheter in fluid communication with the port 510 and an indwelling catheter attached to its stem 524. As shown, the conduit 518 is in fluid communication with the receiving cup 514 via the inlet port 516. A first conduit portion 518A of the conduit 518 extends distally from the inlet port 516 in an obliquely downward direction from the perspective view shown in FIG. 11 to a bend 530, and a second conduit portion 518B of the conduit extends approximately horizontally (from the perspective view shown in FIG. 11) at a predetermined angle relative to the first conduit portion. It should be noted that the predetermined angle at the bend 530 in one embodiment is approximately 34 degrees, but may vary from this in other embodiments, including angles less than or greater than 34 degrees in one embodiment. The magnitude of the predetermined angle at bend 530, in one embodiment, depends on a variety of factors including the size of the catheter and / or needle to be inserted into the conduit of the port, the size of the conduit itself, and the like.

[0050] The conduit 518 then extends to and through a cavity 520A formed by the valve housing 520 of the port body 12, with a third conduit portion 518C extending to a distal open end of the stem 524 of the port 510. In this embodiment, the conduit 518 is sized to allow a catheter 40 (FIG. 14A) to pass therethrough up to a point, as will be seen.

[0051] As described above, the valve housing 520 formed by the first and second portions 512A, 512B of the body 512 defines a cavity 520A through which the conduit 518 passes and which houses the valve / seal assembly 522. The valve / seal assembly 522 includes a sealing element or seal 532 that defines a central bore 532A (FIGS. 12A-12C) through which the catheter 40 (FIG. 14A) can pass, and a slit valve 534 that includes two intersecting slits 534A (FIGS. 13A-13C). As shown in FIG. 11, in one embodiment, the seal 532 and valve 534 are sandwiched together, with the seal 532 positioned proximal to the valve 534 and fixed in place within the cavity 520A. In this embodiment, the slits 534A of the slit valve 534 are orthogonally offset from one another by approximately 90 degrees, although other relationships are possible. Note that valve 534 includes a central recess 535 to facilitate repositioning of passage of catheter 40 from seal 532 to the valve.

[0052] The seal 532 and valve 534 of the valve / seal assembly 522 cooperate to prevent backflow of fluid through the valve / seal assembly while allowing for fluid-tight passage of the catheter 40 (FIG. 14A). Indeed, in one embodiment, the seal disclosed herein is adapted to prevent fluid flow around an exterior portion of the catheter when the catheter is positioned to pass through the seal 532, while the valve 534 prevents fluid flow when the catheter is not passing therethrough. Thus, when the catheter 40 is not inserted therethrough, the valve / seal assembly 522 seals to prevent the passage of air or fluid through the conduit 518. In this embodiment, the seal 532 and valve 534 are constructed of silicone, such as SILASTIC® Q7-4850 liquid silicone rubber available from Dow Corning Corporation, although other suitably flexible materials may be used. In one embodiment, a silicone oil, such as Med400 silicone oil from NuSil Technology, is included in the seals 532 and valves 534 to increase lubricity and extend part life. In another embodiment, the silicone oil is infused into the silicone.

[0053] The port 510 in this embodiment includes an outer sheath portion 536 that covers most of the port body 512. The outer sheath portion 536 is constructed of silicone, such as SILASTIC® Q7-4850 liquid silicone rubber, or other suitably flexible material, and surrounds the body 512 as shown to provide a relatively soft surface for the port 510 and reduce patient discomfort after implantation of the port within the patient's body. The outer sheath portion 536, in one embodiment, includes predetermined suture locations 538, best shown in FIG. 9F, for suturing the port 510 to the patient's tissue, although sutures may pass through other portions of the outer sheath portion if desired. The outer sheath portion 536 further forms a relatively flat bottom surface 536A to provide a stable surface for the port 510 at its location within the tissue pocket after implantation within the patient's body.

[0054] 9C and 9G show that the first body portion 512A forms a fastening ridge 537 that acts as an anchor to prevent relative movement between the outer mold portion 536 and the body 512. The fastening ridges 537 can vary in shape, number, configuration, etc. It is noted that the outer mold portion 536 in one embodiment is molded onto the body 512 in a molding process. In another embodiment, the outer mold portion 536 is then separately formed with an adhesive attachment to the body 512 via Med A adhesive or the like. These and other configurations are therefore contemplated.

[0055] 14A-14D show details associated with the insertion of a catheter 40 disposed on a needle 42 into a port 510 (already subcutaneously implanted in a patient's body), according to one embodiment. After locating the port 510 (by transcutaneous palpation of a palpation feature such as the top of the outer cover portion 536 and / or the receiving cup 514, as appropriate), the clinician uses the catheter support needle 42 to pierce the skin surface and insert the needle until its distal tip 42B strikes a portion of the receiving cup 514, as shown in FIG. 14A. Note that because the receiving cup 514 is oriented angled generally toward the skin surface, the needle 42 can strike the receiving cup at a relatively steep insertion angle, which facilitates the insertion of the needle into the body. In fact, in one embodiment, a needle inserted generally perpendicularly through the patient's skin can strike the receiving cup of the access port. In another embodiment, the insertion angle of the needle 42 can be relatively shallow, similar to current insertion angles for IV catheters.

[0056] The needle 42 is guided by the clinician by being manipulated and impacted against the receiving cup 514 until the distal tip 42B of the needle is guided into the inlet port 516. The needle 42 is then inserted through the inlet port 516 into the first portion 518A of the conduit 518 until the needle 42 is stopped by the bend 530, as shown in FIG. 14B. The needle 42 is then allowed to retract slightly proximally and the catheter 40 is advanced over the needle, causing it to bend and advance past the bend 530 into the second portion 518B of the conduit 518, as shown in FIG. 14C. Advancement of the catheter continues, causing the distal end 40B of the catheter 40 to advance into the hole 532A of the seal 532 and through both the hole and the slits 534A of the slit valve 534 of the valve / seal assembly 522. It should be noted that the length of the second conduit portion 518B is sufficient to allow the cross-sectional shape of the distal portion of the catheter 40 to return to an approximately round shape from the oval shape imposed on the cross-sectional shape as a result of its passage through the conduit bend 530.

[0057] Once the distal end 40B of the catheter 40 extends distally beyond the valve / seal assembly 522, further advancement is prevented by impaction of the catheter distal end against an annular stop surface 539 included in the third conduit portion 518C formed by the stem 524, as shown in FIG. 14D and shown in detail in FIG. 11. In one embodiment, the stop surface 539 is formed as an annular shoulder and is sized to stop advancement of one size catheter, such as a 14 gauge catheter, while allowing a 16 gauge catheter to pass. In another embodiment, a stop surface is not included within the conduit 518, thus allowing the catheter 40 to advance completely past the distal end of the stem 524, if desired. It should be noted that the port conduits can be configured to accept one or more of a variety of catheter gauge sizes, including 14 gauge, 16 gauge, 18 gauge, etc.

[0058] 14D, the needle 42 may be completely removed and fluid transfer through the catheter 40 and port 510 may begin, including injection and / or aspiration through an indwelling catheter attached to the stem 524 (note that in one embodiment, the needle 42 may be removed at another stage of the catheter insertion procedure). Dressing of the catheter 40 may also be performed, if desired. Once fluid transfer is complete, the catheter 40 may be retracted proximally through the valve / seal assembly 522 and conduit 518, and then out of the patient through the surface of the skin.

[0059] 9F shows that in this embodiment, the receiving cup 514 includes a radiopaque indicia 528 to indicate the characteristics of the port 510. Here, the radiopaque indicia 528 includes the alphanumeric designation "IVCT" formed as a depression or recess in the titanium material forming the first body portion 512A, such that it is visible via radiographic techniques after port implantation. The "IVCT" designation indicates that the port 510 is configured for high pressure infusion and further configured to receive a peripheral IV catheter therein.

[0060] In another embodiment, the radiopaque indicia 528 can be included by using a radiopaque material that can be formed as an insert molded into the port body, such as an initially flowable material that is injected into the port body cavity before hardening, etc. In embodiments in which the port body is metallic, the radiopaque indicia can be formed by metal injection molding, machining, etching, engraving, or other methods that result in a relative thickness difference between the indicia and the surrounding port body material to provide a radio-detectable contrast that is clearly visible in an x-ray image, similar to FIG.

[0061] In addition to the above indications, other features may be indicated by various other types of radiopaque indicia as will be understood by those skilled in the art. As with other embodiments described herein, in one embodiment, the periphery (or other suitable location) of the receiving cup includes a palpation feature, such as three raised ridges on the outer covering portion 536, to assist in locating the post-implantation location of the receiving cup 514 when the clinician palpates the palpation feature prior to inserting the needle into the patient. In other embodiments, a variety of other palpation features can be included on the port, including being located on the receiving cup itself.

[0062] 15A and 15B show details of a guide device 550 that can be placed on the patient's skin over the implanted location of the port 510 shown in FIGS. 9A-9G to assist in guiding the needle 42 passing through the skin to impact with the receiving cup 514, if desired. As shown, the guide device 550 includes a body 552 that defines a cavity 554 in which a portion of the subcutaneously implanted port 510 will reside when the guide device is pressed on the skin over the port. A notch 556 is provided on the body 552, partially bounded by a ridge 558. The notch 556 allows the needle 42 to pass through the notch 556 to be inserted through the skin and into the port 510. A marker line 560 is included on the ridge 548 to assist the clinician in placing the needle 42 in the proper orientation and position for impact with the receiving cup 514, if desired. It should be noted that the shape, size, and other configuration of the guide device may be varied from that shown and described herein.

[0063] 25A-25E, which illustrate various details of a dual lumen vascular access device, generally designated 810, according to one embodiment. As illustrated, the port 810 includes a body 812 that, in this embodiment, is formed by two similarly shaped portions: a single first portion 812A and a single second portion 812B (FIG. 25C). In this embodiment, the first and second portions 812A, 812B of the port body are constructed of a metal, such as titanium, such that the second portion is press fit into engagement with the first portion to form the body, although it should be understood that the port body may be constructed of a variety of other materials, including metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and the like, and may include other methods of attachment, such as adhesives, ultrasonic or other welding, interference fits, and the like.

[0064] In this embodiment, both first portions 812A of the port body form a generally funnel-shaped receiving cup 814 for receiving and directing a catheter support needle 42 (FIG. 14A) to operatively connect with the port 810 in a manner similar to that already described above. In particular, the generally funnel shape of each receiving cup 814 is configured to direct a catheter support needle 42 impinging thereon toward an entry port 816 that serves as an opening for an individual conduit 818 formed by the port body 812. The open and shallow nature of each receiving cup 814 angled toward the patient's skin surface allows the receiving cup to present a target for a large, easily accessible needle when introduced into the skin and directed toward the subcutaneously implanted access port 810. FIG. 25B further illustrates that the access port 810 forms a relatively low profile height, which allows for a relatively short needle length to be used to access the subcutaneous access port after implantation.

[0065] As previously mentioned, it is noted that in one embodiment, palpation features may be included on the port body 812 to assist the clinician in locating and / or identifying the port 810 by finger palpation after implantation under the patient's skin. It is noted that palpation features of various sizes, configurations, numbers, etc. may be included on the port. In another embodiment, a guide groove may be formed on the receiving cup 814 in longitudinal alignment with the inlet port 816 of the conduit 818, as described in connection with the embodiment of Figures 1A-2. The guide groove is formed as a recess relative to the adjacent portion of the surface of the receiving cup 814 and extends distally along the receiving cup surface from a proximal portion of the receiving cup to provide a guide path that guides the distal tip of the catheter support needle towards the inlet port 816 upon impact of the needle against the guide groove. This reduces the chance of the needle slipping off the receiving cup 814 during insertion. It is noted that these and other similar features, although of different shapes and configurations, may also be included in other ports disclosed herein.

[0066] In one embodiment, the receiving cup 814 is covered by a septum 840. The septum 840 is a self-sealing needle-penetrable septum that can accept multiple needle pierces to allow access to the receiving cup 814 underneath. Thus, the septum 840 can be made from a suitable needle-penetrable material, such as silicone. The septum 840 includes an outer surface 842 and an inner surface 844 opposite the outer surface 842 and generally facing the receiving cup 814. Either the outer surface 842 or the inner surface 844 can be flat or slightly convex. In one embodiment, the inner surface 844 is generally flat, while the outer surface 842 is convex to align with the rounded outer surface of the outer covering portion 836 and provide a continuous profile to the port 810. Advantageously, the septum 840 completes a convex rounded profile to the port 810, which allows for smooth implantation of the device into the tissue pocket and reduces patient discomfort after implantation of the port into the patient's body. Additionally, septum 840 can prevent tissue ingrowth into receiving cup 814 and associated conduit 818 that may obstruct the path of the needle entering the device. Thus, septum 840 prevents additional surgery required to remove such obstructions or to prematurely replace device 810. It will be understood that septum 840 may also be applied to any of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0067] As best seen in FIG. 25D, the port body 812 further defines two conduits 818, each of which serves as a pathway through which a percutaneously inserted catheter may be partially inserted to place the catheter in fluid communication with both the port 810 and an indwelling dual lumen catheter operatively attached to two fluid outlets 824A of the port's stem 824. As shown, the conduits 818 of each port body first portion 812A are in fluid communication with respective receiving cups 814 via inlet ports 816. A first conduit portion 818A of the conduit 818 extends distally from the inlet port 816 in an obliquely downward direction from the perspective view shown in FIG. 25D to a conduit bend 830, and a second conduit portion 818B of the conduit extends at an angle relative to the first conduit portion. It should be noted that the predetermined angle at bend 830 in one embodiment is approximately 34 degrees, but can vary from this, including angles less than or greater than 34 degrees in one embodiment. The magnitude of the predetermined angle at bend 830, in one embodiment, depends on a variety of factors, including the size of the catheter and / or needle to be inserted into the conduit of the port, the size of the conduit itself, etc. It should also be noted that conduit bend 830 functions as a needle stop element that prevents needle 42 from advancing along conduit 818 past bend 830.

[0068] As can be seen in Figure 25D, the second conduit portion 818B of each port body first portion 812A extends distally to a cavity 820A formed by the press fit joint of the port body first and second portions 812B. Two third conduit portions 818C extend from each cavity 820A in the partially arcuate fluid pathway formed by the second portion 812B of the port body 812 to a fluid outlet 824A of a distally disposed stem 824. In this embodiment, the conduits 818 are sized to allow a catheter 40 (Figure 14A) to pass therethrough and past the cavity 820A.

[0069] As discussed above, the cavity 820A formed by the joining of the respective first and second portions 812A and 812B of the port body 812 respectively defines a space through which the conduit 818 passes and in which the valve / seal assembly 822 is housed. In this embodiment, as best seen in Figures 25C and 25D, the valve / seal assembly 822 includes a sealing element or seal 832 forming a central bore 832A through which the catheter 40 (Figures 14A, 14D) may pass, and a slit valve 834 including two orthogonally intersecting slits 834A through which the catheter also passes. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 25D, the seal 832 and slit valve 834 are sandwiched together, with the seal positioned proximal to the slit valve and fixed in place within the correspondingly sized cavity 820A.

[0070] As mentioned above, in this embodiment, slits 834A of slit valve 834 are offset orthogonally from one another by approximately 90 degrees, although other relationships are possible, including the use of two single slit valves sandwiched together. Note that in this embodiment, slit valve 834 includes a central recess (e.g., as in previous embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 13A) to facilitate repositioning of passage of catheter 40 from seal 832 to the valve. In other embodiments, more than one seal and / or slit valve may be used in the valve / seal assembly.

[0071] As with the previous embodiment, the seal 832 and slit valve 834 of the valve / seal assembly 822 cooperate to prevent backflow of fluid through the valve / seal assembly while allowing for fluid-tight passage of the catheter 40 (see, e.g., FIG. 14A). Indeed, in one embodiment, the seal disclosed herein is adapted to prevent fluid flow around an exterior portion of the catheter when the catheter is positioned to pass through the seal 832, and the valve 834 is adapted to prevent fluid flow when the catheter is not passing therethrough. Thus, when the catheter 40 is not inserted therethrough, the valve / seal assembly 822 seals to prevent the passage of air or fluid through the conduit 818. In this embodiment, the seal 832 and valve 834 are constructed of silicone, such as SILASTIC® Q7-4850 liquid silicone rubber available from Dow Corning, although other suitably flexible materials may be used. In one embodiment, a silicone oil, such as Nusil Technology's Med400 silicone oil, is included in the seals 832 and valves 834 to increase lubricity and extend part life. In another embodiment, the silicone oil is infused into the silicone.

[0072] In this embodiment, the port 810 includes an outer sheath portion 836 that covers a portion of the port body 812, including a majority of each of the two first portions 818A. The outer sheath portion 836 is constructed of silicone, such as SILASTIC® Q7-4850 liquid silicone rubber, or other suitably flexible material, and surrounds a portion of the body 812, as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, to provide a relatively soft surface for the port 810 and reduce patient discomfort after implantation of the port within the patient's body. The outer sheath portion 836 further allows a clinician to suture through one or more of the various portions of the outer sheath portion, thereby allowing the port 810 to be secured within a subcutaneous patient tissue pocket. The outer sheath portion 836 further forms a relatively flat bottom surface 836A to provide a stable surface for the port 810 at its location within the tissue pocket after implantation within the patient's body.

[0073] 25B shows that each first body portion 812A forms a fastening ridge 837 that acts as an anchor to prevent relative movement between the outer mold portion 836 and the body 812. The fastening ridges 837 can vary in shape, number, configuration, etc. It is noted that in one embodiment, the outer mold portion 836 is molded onto the body 812 in a molding process. In another embodiment, the outer mold portion 836 is separately formed with an adhesive attachment to the body 812 via Med A adhesive, or the like. Thus, these and other configurations are contemplated.

[0074] 25E shows that the underside of the receiving cup 814 includes radiopaque indicia 828 configured to allow the port 810 to be radiographically identified after implantation within a patient's body. In this embodiment, each indicia 828 includes the letters "IV" and "CT" to indicate that the port 810 is suitable for receiving a peripheral IV catheter and that the port is capable of high pressure infusion of fluid therethrough. Of course, a variety of other indicia may be used, including letters, numbers, symbols, and the like.

[0075] 26A-26D show various details of a port 810 according to another embodiment, where the port body 812 forms a relatively slimmer profile than the embodiment shown in FIGS. 25A-25E, made possible by forming cutouts 870 in both receiving cups 814 of each first portion 812A of the port body 812. This allows each receiving cup 814 to be relatively close to each other. The receiving cups 814 can be joined to each other along the cutouts 870 by welding, gluing, etc., to form the welded cups together as a single piece.

[0076] It is understood that in an embodiment, the receiving cups 814 can be oriented in other configurations. FIG. 31 illustrates this example, showing a partial exploded view of the port 810 without the overmold portion 836 and thus including two first and second portions 812A and 812B. As shown, the receiving cups 814 are angled relative to one another such that the perimeters 814A of the corresponding receiving cups lie in an imaginary plane 890A that is not parallel to another plane 890B in which the perimeters 814B of the other receiving cup lie. This is in contrast to another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 25A, in which the receiving cups 814 lie generally in a single imaginary plane. The configuration of FIG. 31 allows the receiving cups 814 to be angled away from one another as shown in FIG. 31 (note that the first body portion 812A, shown separated (for clarity) from the second body portion 812B, would be connected to the second body portion 812B in approximately the same orientation as shown in FIG. 31). Desirably, this results in a slightly lower height profile for the access port 810, which in one embodiment results in the needle 42 inserted therein being relatively closer to the patient's skin. It should be noted that the receiving cup may be angled in a variety of different configurations in addition to those shown and described herein.

[0077] 16A-21B, there is shown details of a dual lumen vascular access device, generally designated 610, according to one embodiment. As shown, the port 610 includes a body 612, which in this embodiment is formed by a first portion 612A and a smaller second portion 612B that is partially received within the first portion. In this embodiment, the first and second portions 612A, 612B of the port body are constructed of a metal, such as titanium, or the like, such that the second portion is press fit into engagement with the first portion to form the body, although it should be understood that the port body may be constructed of a variety of other materials, including metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and the like, and may include other methods of attachment, such as adhesives, ultrasonic or other welding, interference fits, and the like.

[0078] In this embodiment, the port body first portion 612A forms two generally funnel-shaped receiving cups 614 for receiving and orienting the catheter support needle 42 (FIG. 14A) for operative connection with the port 610 in a manner similar to that already described above. In this embodiment, the receiving cups 614 are positioned to be generally aligned along the longitudinal axis of the port 610, although other arrangements for the receiving cups are possible, including side-by-side, spaced apart, staggered, etc.

[0079] In particular, the generally funnel shape of each receiving cup 614 is configured to direct a catheter support needle 42 impinging thereon toward an entry port 616 that serves as an opening for a respective one of two conduits 618 (one conduit for each receiving cup) formed by the port body 612. The open and shallow nature of each receiving cup 614 angled toward the patient's skin surface allows the receiving cup to present a large, easily accessible target for a needle when introduced into the skin and directed toward the subcutaneously implanted access port 610. Figures 16C and 16F further show that the access port 610 forms a relatively low profile height, which allows a relatively short needle length to be used to access the subcutaneous access port after implantation.

[0080] The port body 612 further forms palpation features 637, here configured as raised surfaces interposed between the longitudinally aligned receiving cups 614. As discussed above, the palpation features 637 are provided on the port body 612 to assist a clinician in locating and / or identifying the port 610 by finger palpation after implantation under the patient's skin. It should be noted that palpation features of various sizes, configurations, numbers, etc. may be included on the port. In another embodiment, a guide groove may be formed on each receiving cup 614 to be longitudinally aligned with the inlet port 616 of the conduit 618, as in the previous embodiment.

[0081] As best seen in Figures 17A, 17B, and 19, the port body 612 further defines two conduits 618 as described above, each of which serves as a pathway through which a percutaneously inserted catheter may be partially inserted to place the catheter in fluid communication with both the port 610 and an indwelling dual lumen catheter operably attached to two fluid outlets 624A of the port's stem 624. As shown, the two conduits 618 of the port body first portion 612A are in fluid communication with their respective receiving cups 614 via corresponding inlet ports 616. A first conduit portion 618A of each conduit 618 extends distally from the respective inlet port 616 in an obliquely downward direction from the perspective view shown in Figure 17A to a conduit bend 630 (Figure 19), with the first conduit portion extending distally at an angle relative to the first conduit portion proximal to the conduit bend. The magnitude of the predetermined angle at bend 630, in one embodiment, depends on various factors including the size of the catheter and / or needle to be inserted into the conduit of the port, the size of the port and conduit themselves, etc. It should also be noted that conduit bend 630 functions as a needle stop element that prevents needle 42 from advancing along conduit 618 past bend 630.

[0082] 18 and 19, the relatively distal first portions 618A of the two receiving cups 614 extend into a cavity 620A that is formed by, and proximate to, the distal portion of the first portion 612A of the port body 612. The relatively proximal first portions 618A of the two receiving cups 614 extend into a cavity 620A that is formed by, but relatively more proximally spaced from, the distal portion of the first portion 612A of the port body 612 (FIGS. 18 and 19). As can be seen in Figures 17A and 17B, a second conduit portion 618B is formed for this latter conduit 618 by the second portion 612A of the port body 612 and extends distally from each cavity 620A to join a third conduit portion 618C formed by the second portion 612A of the port body, which extends through the second portion and stem 624 to terminate in a respective one of the fluid outlets 624A (Figure 20).

[0083] The conduit 618 for the relatively more distal receiving cup 614 extends from the cavity 620A to a third conduit portion 618C formed by the second portion 612A of the port body 612, which extends through the second portion and the stem 624 until terminating in a respective one of the fluid outlets 624A, as shown in Figure 20. In this manner, a fluid pathway is formed for each receiving cup 614 from the inlet port 616 to the stem fluid outlet 624A, as shown in Figures 21A and 21B. In this embodiment, the conduit 618 is sized to allow a catheter 40 (Figure 14A) to pass therethrough and past the cavity 620A.

[0084] As explained, the cavities 620A are respectively disposed in the fluid path formed by various portions of the conduit 618, each forming a space through which the conduit 618 passes and in which a valve / seal assembly 622 is housed. In this embodiment, as best seen in Figs. 17A-18, each valve / seal assembly 622 includes a sealing element or seal 632 forming a central hole 632A (Fig. 21B) through which the catheter 40 (Figs. 14A, 14D) can pass, and two adjacently disposed slit valves 634, each of which includes a single slit 634A through which the catheter also passes (the valves are disposed such that the slits are perpendicular to each other). As shown in Figs. 17A and 17B, the seal 632 and slit valve 634 are sandwiched together in one embodiment, with the seal disposed proximal to the slit valve and fixed in place within a correspondingly sized cavity 620A. In another embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, the valve / seal assembly includes a single seal and a single dual slit valve.

[0085] In this embodiment, seal 632 and valve 634 are constructed of silicone, such as SILASTIC® Q7-4850 liquid silicone rubber available from Dow Corning, although other suitably flexible materials can be used. In one embodiment, silicone oil, such as Med400 silicone oil from Nusil Technology, is included in seal 632 and valve 634 to enhance lubricity and extend part life. In another embodiment, the silicone oil is infused into the silicone. Other seal / valve configurations can also be used for port 610, as discussed with other embodiments.

[0086] 22A-24, which illustrate various details of a dual lumen vascular access device, generally designated 710, according to one embodiment. As illustrated, the port 710 comprises a body 712 formed, in this embodiment, by a first portion 712A that forms a majority of the outer portion of the port body and a second portion 712B that is matable with the first portion. In this embodiment, the first and second portions 712A, 712B of the port body are constructed of a metal, such as titanium, such that the second portion is press fit into engagement with the first portion to form the body 212, although it should be understood that the port body may be constructed of a variety of other materials, including metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and the like, and may include other methods of attachment, such as adhesives, ultrasonic or other welding, interference fits, and the like.

[0087] In this embodiment, the first portion 712A of the port body forms two side-by-side, generally concave receiving cups 714 in a spaced apart arrangement for receiving and directing a catheter support needle 42 ( FIG. 14A ) into operative connection with the port 710, in a manner similar to that already described above. In particular, the generally concave shape of each receiving cup 714 is configured to direct a catheter support needle 42 impacting therewith toward an inlet port 716 that serves as an opening for a respective conduit 718 formed by the port body 712.

[0088] The open and shallow nature of each receiving cup 714 angled toward the patient's skin surface allows the receiving cups to present a target for a large, easily accessible needle when introduced into the skin and directed toward the subcutaneously implanted access port 710. FIGS. 22A and 22B further show that the access ports 710 form a relatively low profile height, which allows for a relatively short needle length to be used to access the subcutaneous access port after implantation. FIG. 22C shows a detail of the bottom of the port body 712. It should be noted that in this and other embodiments, the receiving cups can form a variety of surfaces, including funnel-shaped, concave, hemispherical, and the like.

[0089] The port body 712 includes a number of palpation features 737, here implemented as ridges extending distally from the receiving cup 714, to assist a clinician in locating and / or identifying the port 710 by palpation following implantation under a patient's skin. It should be noted that palpation features of various sizes, configurations, numbers, etc. may be included on a port.

[0090] As best seen in Figures 23 and 24, the port body 712 further defines two conduits 718, each of which serves as a passageway through which a percutaneously inserted catheter may be partially inserted to place the catheter in fluid communication with both the port 710 and an indwelling dual lumen catheter operably attached to two fluid outlets 724A of the port's stem 724. As shown, each of the two conduits 718 of the first portion 712A of the port body is in fluid communication with a respective receiving cup 714 via an inlet port 716 and extends distally to a valve / seal assembly 722 disposed in a cavity cooperatively formed by the joining of the first portion 712A and the second portion 712B of the port body. As with other embodiments herein, each conduit 718 extends distally from its respective inlet port 716 in a diagonal downward direction from the perspective view shown in Figure 23 to a conduit bend before communicating with the cavity in which the valve / seal assembly is disposed. It should be noted that the conduit bend may desirably function as a needle stop element to prevent the needle 42 from advancing past the bend along the conduit 718. The conduit extends distally past the valve / seal assembly 722 through the second portion 712B of the port body to the fluid outlet of the stem 724. In this embodiment, the conduit 718 is sized to allow the catheter 40 (FIG. 14A) to pass therethrough and past the valve / seal assembly 722.

[0091] As explained, the cavities formed by the junction of the respective first and second portions 712A, 712B of the port body 712 respectively define a space through which the conduit 718 passes and in which the valve / seal assembly 722 is housed. In this embodiment, as best seen in Figures 23 and 24, each of the two valve / seal assemblies 722 includes a sealing element or seal 732 that defines a central hole through which the catheter 40 (Figures 14A, 14D) can pass, and two slit valves 734, each of which includes a single slit and is positioned adjacent to one another such that the slits through which the catheter also passes are approximately orthogonal to one another. As shown in Figures 23 and 24, the seal 732 and slit valve 734 are sandwiched together in one embodiment, with the seal positioned proximal to the slit valves and fixed in place within a correspondingly sized cavity.

[0092] As noted above, in this embodiment, the slits of slit valve 734 are offset orthogonally from one another by approximately 90 degrees, although other relationships are possible, including using a single slit valve that includes two orthogonal slits. Accordingly, these and other modifications to this and other valve / seal assembly embodiments herein are contemplated.

[0093] As with the previous embodiment, the seal 732 and slit valve 734 of the valve / seal assembly 722 cooperate to prevent backflow of fluid through the valve / seal assembly while allowing for fluid-tight passage of the catheter 40 (see, e.g., FIG. 14A). Indeed, in one embodiment, the seal disclosed herein is adapted to prevent fluid flow around an exterior portion of the catheter when the catheter is positioned to pass through the seal 732, and the valve 734 is adapted to prevent fluid flow when the catheter is not passing therethrough. Thus, the valve / seal assembly 722 seals to prevent the passage of air or fluid through the conduit 718 when the catheter 40 is not inserted therethrough. In this embodiment, the seal 732 and valve 734 are constructed of silicone, such as SILASTIC® Q7-4850 liquid silicone rubber available from Dow Corning, although other suitably flexible materials may be used. In one embodiment, a silicone oil, such as Nusil Technology's Med400 silicone oil, is included in the seals 732 and valves 734 to increase lubricity and extend part life. In another embodiment, the silicone oil is infused into the silicone.

[0094] Although not explicitly shown herein, the port 710, as well as other embodiments herein, may include radiopaque indicia configured to allow the port to be radiographically identified after implantation within a patient's body. In one embodiment, the indicia include the letters "IV" and "CT" to indicate that the port 710 is suitable for receiving a peripheral IV catheter and that the port is capable of high pressure infusion of fluid therethrough. Of course, a variety of other indicia may be used, including letters, numbers, symbols, and the like.

[0095] Although single and dual port configurations have been described herein, it will be understood that ports including three or more receiving cups are contemplated. It should also be noted that some of the receiving cups described herein are described as funnel shaped, while other receiving cups are described herein as concave. It should also be noted that the receiving cups may interchangeably include aspects of one, the other, or both of these receiving cup shapes according to a particular embodiment.

[0096] 27-30 show details of various possible configurations of a valve / seal assembly according to an exemplary embodiment. In FIG. 27, the seal 32 includes a central recess 380 that is similar to the recess 35 of the valve 34 but is relatively steeper than the recess 35. In FIG. 28, two seals are included: the seal 32 and a second seal 382 interposed between the seal 32 and the valve 34. The second seal 382 includes a central hole 382A having a smaller diameter compared to the hole 32A of the seal 32. FIG. 29 includes a similar configuration, but the hole 382A is the same size as the hole 32A. In both FIG. 28 and FIG. 29, a small central recess 35 is included in the valve 34.

[0097] In Figure 30, the seal 32 includes a relatively small diameter central hole 32A, and the valve 34 includes a relatively large central recess 35. Note that the valve / seal assemblies shown in Figures 27-30 are oriented in the figures so that the catheter pierces the seal and valve in corresponding directions from the top of the page to the bottom of the page.

[0098] 32A-B, which illustrate various details of a multi-lumen vascular access device, generally designated 910, according to one embodiment. As shown, the port 910 includes a body 912, which in this embodiment is formed by a first portion 912A and a relatively smaller second portion 912B that is partially received within the first portion 912A. In this embodiment, the first and second portions 912A, 912B of the port body are constructed of a metal, such as titanium, such that the second portion is press fit into engagement with the first portion to form the body 912. However, as described herein, it will be understood that the port body may be constructed of a variety of other suitable materials, including metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and the like, and may include other joining methods, including snap fits, adhesives, ultrasonic or other welding, interference fits, and the like.

[0099] In this embodiment, the first portion 912A of the port body forms a plurality of generally funnel-shaped receiving cups 914 for receiving and directing the catheter support needle 42 (FIG. 14A) into operative connection with the port 910 in a manner similar to that already described above. The receiving cups 914 in this embodiment are arranged in sets or groups such that a first set of receiving cups 914A and a second set of receiving cups 914B are generally aligned along the longitudinal axis of the port 910, with the first set 914A proximal to the second set of receiving cups 914B, although other arrangements of the receiving cups are possible, including side-by-side, spaced apart, staggered, etc. As shown in FIG. 32B, each set of receiving cups 914A, 914B includes three individual receiving cups 914, although it will be understood that a greater or lesser number of receiving cups 914 within each set 914A, 914B are contemplated and within the scope of the present invention.

[0100] In one embodiment, the port body 912 includes receiving cups 914A, 914B of each set that include individually formed receiving cups 914 similar to those shown in FIG. 25A. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 32A, each receiving cup 914 in a set 914A, 914B can be joined together along cutouts 970. This allows each receiving cup 914 to be relatively close to each other and can provide a port body 912 with a relatively slimmer profile than the profile of an embodiment in which each receiving body 914 is individually formed. The receiving cups 914 of each set 914A, 914B can be joined together along cutouts 970 via welding, adhesive, and together form a welded cup as a single piece. In one embodiment, the receiving cups 914A, 914B of each set are formed as a single, integral piece. In one embodiment, the second portion 912B of the port body is formed as a single, integral piece.

[0101] The generally funnel-shaped configuration of each receiving cup 914 is configured to direct a catheter support needle 42 impinging thereon toward a corresponding inlet port 916 of each cup 914. Each set of receiving cups 914A, 914B then communicates with a single conduit 918, i.e., conduits 918A, 918B, respectively. As described herein, the conduits 918A, 918B then communicate with corresponding stem fluid outlets 924A, 924B of the port stem 924. Additionally, as described herein, each of the conduits 918 may also include a valve / seal assembly 922. Thus, a given conduit, e.g., 918A or 918B, may be accessed by either of the receiving cups in the corresponding set of receiving cups 914A, 914B. FIG. 32B discloses one embodiment of suitable internal inlet port 916 / conduit 918 routing.

[0102] Advantageously, this allows a user to access the conduit 918 via multiple needle entry points. The port 910 is thus suitable for implantation under the skin of a dialysis patient or a patient undergoing similar extracorporeal treatments requiring the infusion and removal of fluids from the vascular system. Multiple needle entry points can be alternated and selected over the course of multiple dialysis treatments, such that a needle does not have to continuously pierce a single site of the patient's skin to access a given conduit 918.

[0103] In one embodiment, each receiving cup 914 in a set can be oriented along a similar plane so that they are aligned together. In one embodiment, as described herein (FIG. 31), each receiving cup 914 in a set is angled relative to one another such that the perimeter 990 of a first receiving cup 914 lies in an imaginary plane 990A that is not parallel to the plane formed by the perimeters of the other receiving cups 914 (e.g., the plane 990B formed by the second receiving cup 914). With such a configuration, each receiving cup 914 in a set 914A, 914B is angled away from one another. Desirably, this results in a slightly lower height profile for the access port 910, and the needle 42 inserted therein being relatively closer to the patient's skin. Additionally, the angled receiving cup 914 provides a larger skin surface for accessing the port 910. Thus, repeated access can be achieved using more needle access points so that a single site of the patient's skin does not need to be continuously penetrated with the needle, allowing previous sites to heal. It should be noted that the receiving cup may be angled in a variety of different configurations in addition to those shown and described herein.

[0104] Although two sets of three receiving cups each are shown, it will be understood that any number of receiving cups or any number of sets thereof is within the scope of the present invention. Thus, in one embodiment, one set of receiving cups may be configured for blood collection and the other set may be configured for blood return.

[0105] Referring now to FIG. 33, FIG. 33 illustrates an embodiment of a subcutaneous catheter assembly. The catheter assembly includes a catheter 50, a bifurcated hub 60, extension legs 70 (extension legs 70A, 70B, etc.), and a port 10. The catheter 50 can be a multi-lumen catheter, such as a dual lumen dialysis catheter, with each lumen fluidly connected to an extension leg 70A, 70B. The port 10 can be fluidly connected to a proximal end of the extension leg 70 and configured to receive a dialysis needle or a large gauge over-the-needle intravenous catheter. Thus, the first port 10A can be accessed to remove fluid, and the second port 10B can be accessed to return fluid. Each port 10 can include palpation features, indicators, guide grooves, radiopaque markers, or other features of other embodiments as disclosed herein.

[0106] Advantageously, the length and flexibility of the extension legs 70 allow for a certain amount of variability in the positioning of the ports 10A, 10B relative to one another. Thus, the ports can be positioned to change the access site on the patient's skin without having to reposition the entire device. Furthermore, individual ports 10 can be replaced as needed without having to replace the entire device. It will be understood that alternative embodiments of the ports disclosed herein may be used in place of the port 10. Additionally, catheters having different numbers of lumens and gauge sizes may be used and are within the scope of the present invention.

[0107] 34A-B, which illustrate various details of a multi-lumen vascular access device, generally designated 1010, according to one embodiment. The port 1010 is configured to be surgically implanted under a patient's skin and includes a port body 1012 in fluid communication with an indwelling multi-lumen catheter 1002 disposed within the patient's vasculature. The port body 1012 includes two elongated flexible arms 1014A, 1014B, each of which defines a lumen 1020A, 1020B therein and is in fluid communication with the lumen of the indwelling multi-lumen catheter 1002 via a bifurcation hub 1016. The arms 1014 extend proximally from a proximal end of the bifurcation hub 1016 along a longitudinal axis, including a lumen 1020 disposed therein. Although FIGS. 34A-B illustrate two arms extending side-by-side along a longitudinal axis, other numbers of arms 1014 and configurations thereof are contemplated. For example, at least one arm 1014 can extend at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis. The proximal end of each of the arms 1014A, 1014B terminates in an end cap 1018A, 1018B. The end cap 1018 can be formed of the same or different material as the arm and can be attached to the arm using adhesives, welding, bonding, or similar suitable techniques. In one embodiment, the cap is formed integrally with the arm 1014. The port 1010, or portions thereof, can be formed of any suitable biocompatible material, as described herein.

[0108] The port 1010 or a portion thereof may include a palpation feature 1026. For example, the bifurcation hub 1016, the end cap 1018, or a combination thereof may include a palpation feature that may indicate the location and / or orientation of the port body 1012, the arms 1014, etc., as described herein. Additionally, the port 1010, a portion thereof, or an indicia included therein may be constructed from a metal, such as titanium, that is radiopaque, and thus the port 1010 may be located and identified using an appropriate imaging modality, as described herein. For example, the end cap 1018, the arms 1014, the bifurcation hub 1016, or a combination thereof may be constructed from a radiopaque material to indicate the location and / or orientation of the port 1010 after subcutaneous implantation using an appropriate imaging modality (e.g., x-ray, CAT, PET, MRI, ultrasound, etc.). Of note, the bifurcation hub 1016 and the end cap 1018 may include differently shaped palpation features 1026 / radiopaque indicia to indicate the direction of flow to the user. The needle 42 may be inserted at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of flow. It will be appreciated that the needle 42 may also be inserted approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the port 1010.

[0109] A portion of the arm 1014 may include a self-sealing needle-penetrable material, such as silicone. The self-sealing needle-penetrable material may be disposed on an upper wall 1022 of the arm 1014. Additionally, a lower wall 1024 of the arm may include a needle-impenetrable material (e.g., plastic, metal, etc.). The upper wall 1022 and the lower wall 1024 may be formed relative to a longitudinal axis. As noted above, the arm 1014 is flexible, which allows the arm to conform to the particular contours of the patient's body in which it is subcutaneously implanted. Thus, while the material of the lower wall 1024 is needle-impenetrable, the material is also sufficiently flexible to conform to the patient's body. In one embodiment, a portion of the inner surface of the lumen 1020 includes a needle-impenetrable material, as described herein, that prevents the distal end of the needle from puncturing the inner surface of the lumen when the needle is pierced. This prevents the undesirable creation of spots of material dug by the needle.

[0110] After identifying the port 1010 by palpation through the skin or by imaging, the clinician uses the catheter support needle 42 to pierce the skin surface 44 and the upper wall of the port arm 1014, which includes a needle-penetrable material. The needle 42 is inserted until its distal tip 42A impacts the lower wall 1024 of the arm 1014, which is formed of a needle-impenetrable material.

[0111] The needle 42 can then be retracted proximally a short distance and the catheter 40 advanced over the needle, causing the catheter to bend and advance within the lumen 1020 of the arm 1014. Once the distal end 40A of the catheter 40 is in fluid communication with the arm lumen 1020, further advancement is halted and transfer of fluids through the catheter 40 and port 1010 can begin, including infusion and / or aspiration through the stem 24. Once fluid transfer is complete, the catheter 40 can be withdrawn proximally and then withdrawn out of the patient through the skin surface 44.

[0112] Advantageously, the port 1010 provides a relatively large area for a clinician to access the port while maintaining a low profile, allowing the clinician to access the dialysis machine at different locations during the course of multiple dialysis treatments by inserting a needle at different locations along the arm 1014.

[0113] 35A-35J, which illustrate various details of a vascular access dialysis device, generally designated 1110, according to one embodiment. The port 1110 is configured to be surgically implanted under a patient's skin and includes a port body 1112 fluidly connected at a distal end to an indwelling multi-lumen catheter 1002 disposed within the patient's vasculature. The port body 1112 defines elongated chambers 1114, such as first and second elongated chambers 1114A, 1114B. Each chamber is in fluid communication with a lumen of the indwelling catheter 1002 via a conduit 1118 formed in the port body 1112 that extends from the chamber 1114 to a fluid outlet of the stem 1124.

[0114] Each elongated chamber 1114 can extend longitudinally in a side-by-side arrangement. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 35F, each elongated chamber 1114 can be arranged in tandem, one more proximal than the other, as described in more detail herein. The lower surface of each chamber 1114 can be formed as an elongated funnel shape to direct a needle impinging on the lower surface to the inlet 1116 of the conduit 1118. In one embodiment, the chambers form a generally flat or horizontal lower surface extending along the longitudinal axis. In one embodiment, the chambers form a U-shaped cross-sectional shape, as shown in FIG. 35C.

[0115] Each chamber 1114 includes a septum 1140 formed of a self-sealing needle-penetrable material such as silicone. The port 1110 includes a needle guide 1142 disposed either above or below the septum 1140. The needle guide 1142 can be formed from a needle-impenetrable material. In one embodiment, the needle guide 1142 can be formed as a separate piece from the port body 1112 or formed integrally with the port body 1112. In one embodiment, the needle guide 1142 is formed as a separate piece from the septum 1140 and disposed either above or below the septum 1140. In one embodiment, the septum 1140 is overmolded onto the needle guide 1142 such that the needle guide is disposed within the septum 1140. In one embodiment, the needle guide 1142 includes a rail that bisects the septum longitudinally and laterally divides the septum into a plurality of separate access areas or openings.

[0116] The needle guide 1142 can guide the clinician to penetrate the septum at different locations, thereby avoiding repeated needle penetrations from concentrating at a single site. The elongated well 1114 and associated septum provide a larger area for accessing the port while maintaining a slim overall profile. The needle guide 1142 can guide the clinician to access the port at different locations, thereby promoting tissue healing. For example, dialysis may be performed every 2-3 days, and the clinician may access the device at a first location 1144A proximal to the proximal end of the needle guide 1142. During subsequent dialysis treatments, the clinician may use the needle guide 1142 to direct subsequent access points or openings from the first location 1144A to progressively more distal locations, such as location 1144B. Thus, subsequent access points may move distally until the most distal location is reached at 1144N. At that point, the skin adjacent the first access point 1144A is given an opportunity to heal, and the clinician can re-access the first access point 1144A. Additionally, the width of the well 1114 and associated septum 1140 can allow for some variability in needle access within a given location 1144, such that the septum does not undergo passage through the exact same location every time, thereby improving the longevity of the septum.

[0117] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 35D-35I, each elongated chamber 1114 can be arranged in tandem such that the first chamber 1114A is more proximal than the second chamber 1114B. In such an example, the most proximal chamber 1114A can include a conduit 1118A formed by the port body 1112, which extends beyond the more distal chamber 1114B and is fluidly connected to the stem 1124. Figure 35F shows a first vertical cross-sectional view of the port 1110, in which the first chamber 1114A includes a first conduit 1118A that extends through a first side of the port 1110 and connects with a first fluid outlet 1124A at the stem 1124. FIG. 35E shows a second vertical cross-sectional view of the port 1110, where the second chamber 1114B includes a second conduit 1118B that extends through a second side of the port 1110 and connects with a second fluid outlet 1124B at the stem 1124. In an exemplary embodiment, FIG. 35H shows a horizontal cross-sectional view of the internal chamber 1114 / conduit 1118 routing. Advantageously, the tandem configuration allows for a wider septum 1140, providing more variation in injection sites at a given location. In this way, a particular injection site on the septum will not degrade with repeated needle punctures, thus promoting the life of the septum.

[0118] It will be appreciated that the port body 1112 can be formed of a suitable biocompatible material, as described herein. As described herein, the port body 1112 can be formed of a needle-impenetrable material, and optionally, each chamber 1114 can include a needle-impenetrable material lining its interior surface. As shown, the port 1110 includes two wells 1114 formed in the port body 1112 as a single, integral piece, but it will be appreciated that any number of wells can be formed in the port 1110 and fall within the scope of the present invention. In one embodiment, the port 1110 can include a single chamber 1114 formed in the port body 1110. In one embodiment, the port 1110 can include wells 1114 formed as separate structures, each connected to a lumen of a multi-lumen catheter, or an extension leg of a branched catheter. In one embodiment, each chamber can be configured with different properties for different purposes. For example, a first chamber can be configured for blood withdrawal and a second chamber can be configured for blood return, or they can be reversibly separable. As with other embodiments, one side can be used for blood withdrawal and the other side can be used for blood return.

[0119] Reference is now made to Figures 36A-37E, which show details of an indwelling catheter assembly 1200, according to one embodiment. The catheter assembly 1200 includes a port 1210 fluidly connected to a catheter 1250 by a locking member 1260. Figure 36B shows an exploded view of the catheter assembly 1200, including the port 1210, the locking member 1260, and the proximal end of the catheter 1250. The port 1210 includes a body 1212 formed by similarly shaped first and second conduits 1212A, 1212B. The distal ends of each of the first and second conduits 1212A, 1212B engage with a distal portion 1236B of an outer shell 1236. The distal end of the outer shell 1236 includes a distal receiving slot 1238 that engages with the proximal end of the stem assembly 1224. The stem assembly 1224 includes a housing 1224C configured to receive first and second stems 1224A,B at a distal end thereof.

[0120] Each of the first and second conduits 1212A,B, the portion of the outer shell 1236A,B, and the stem assembly 1224 may be press fit to engage one another. Additionally, the first and second conduits 1212A,1212B may be constructed from a metal, such as titanium. As described herein, it will be appreciated that the port body 1212 or portions thereof may be constructed from a variety of materials, including metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and the like, and may include other joining methods, including snap-fits, adhesives, ultrasonic or other welding, interference fits, and the like. In one embodiment, the port 1210 further includes a portion of the outer shell 1236 that is overmolded onto the portion of the port body 1212. For example, the proximal portion 1236A of the outer shell 1236 is formed from a flexible material, such as silicone or a similar suitable material, as described herein, and is overmolded onto the port body 1212.

[0121] 37A-37B show further details of the port 1210 of the catheter assembly 1200. Each of the first and second conduits 1212A, 1212B forms a generally funnel-shaped receiving cup 1214 for receiving and directing a catheter support needle 42 (FIG. 14A) to operatively connect with the port 1210 in a manner similar to that previously described herein. In particular, the generally funnel shape of each receiving cup 1214 is configured to direct a catheter support needle 42 impinging thereon toward an entry port 1216 that serves as an opening for the respective conduit 1212. The open and shallow nature of each receiving cup 1214 angled toward the patient's skin surface allows the receiving cup to present a target for a large, easily accessible needle when introduced into the skin and directed toward the subcutaneously implanted access port 1210.

[0122] Each of the first and second conduits 1212A, 1212B further includes a valve / seal assembly 1222, such as valve / seal assembly 1222A, 1222B. Each valve / seal assembly 1222 includes a seal 1232 and a valve 1234 disposed within a valve / seal housing 1220. Each valve seal housing 1220 is disposed at a distal end of the respective first and second conduits 1212A, 1212B and is fixed in place along with a nozzle 1221 (e.g., nozzles 1221A, B). The distal end of the nozzle 1221 is received within the proximal end of the distal portion 1236B of the outer shell. Thus, the port body 1212, including the respective valve / seal assemblies 1220, nozzle 1221, and stem 1224, form lumens 1218A, 1218B that extend from the inlet ports 1216A, 1216B to the respective outlets of the stems 1224A, 1224B. It should be noted that features of the other embodiments described herein can be included in the port 1210, such as features such as palps, indicators, septa, guide channels, valves, seals, etc.

[0123] 38A-B show details of an exemplary multi-lumen catheter 1250. The catheter 1250 can include an elongated tube extending from a proximal end to a distal end and can define at least one lumen. Although FIG. 38B shows a dual lumen catheter, it will be understood that catheters having more or fewer lumens are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention. The proximal end 1252 is configured to be in fluid communication with the stem assembly 1224. In one embodiment, the first stem 1224A communicates with the first lumen 1254A and the second stem 1224B communicates with the second lumen 1254B.

[0124] The catheter 1250 includes an annular collar 1256 disposed proximate the proximal end that cooperates with a locking member 1260, which will be described in more detail herein. The catheter 1250 also includes a cuff 1258. The cuff 1258 may be made, for example, from Dacron (DACRON™), or a similar suitable material. The cuff 1258 functions as an ingrowth cuff to further secure the catheter upon implantation within the body.

[0125] 39A-39C, the catheter assembly 1200 further includes a locking member 1260 that fits over the catheter 1250 and engages the port body 1212 to secure the catheter 1250 thereto. Of note, FIG. 39C shows the stem assembly housing 1224C, the locking member 1260, and the catheter 1250 with the first and second stems 1224A,B removed for clarity. The locking member 1260 includes a channel 1262 that extends from a proximal end to a distal end of the locking member 1260 and is configured to receive a catheter disposed therethrough. The periphery of the channel 1262 is sized to fit closely around the catheter 1250. The locking member 1260 includes an annular abutment 1264 that is disposed toward the distal end of the channel 1262 and extends radially inward. The annular abutment 1264 abuts the annular collar 1256 of the catheter and prevents longitudinal distal movement of the catheter relative to the locking member 1260.

[0126] Locking member 1260 includes upper and lower portions 1266, 1268 that extend proximally and form upper and lower surfaces, respectively, of locking member 1260. Upper and lower portions 1266, 1268 further form openings on left and right sides of locking member 1260. The openings extend proximally from the distal end to a point proximal to the distal end and are configured to receive a portion of stem assembly housing 1224C.

[0127] Locking member 1260 further includes protrusions 1272 disposed at a distal end thereof and extending laterally inward. Protrusions 1272A, 1272B extend laterally downward from a distal end of upper portion 1266, and protrusions 1272C, 1272D extend laterally upward from a distal end of lower portion 1268. Protrusions 1272 cooperate with slots 1274 disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of port housing 1224C such that each protrusion 1272A-D engages a corresponding slot 1274A-D.

[0128] The locking member 1260 includes a resilient material that allows the upper and lower portions 1266, 1268 to flex slightly. Thus, when the locking member 1260 is urged distally into engagement with the housing 1224C, the upper and lower portions 1266, 1268 flex outwardly, allowing the housing 1224C to be received within the space formed by the upper and lower portions 1266, 1268 of the connector. Additionally, the protrusion 1272 may include a chamfer to facilitate sliding over the distal portion of the housing 1224C and to engage with the slot 1274. Thus, the locking member may tightly engage the housing 1224C and align the catheter 1250 with the stem 1224.

[0129] Advantageously, the catheter assembly 1200 provides a modular construction that allows the individual components to be press-fit or snap-fit ​​into place, although other attachment methods are contemplated. This therefore improves the associated costs as well as simplifies manufacturing and assembly. Additionally, being modular, the individual parts can be modified and altered to fit different specifications with minimal interference to the manufacturing process. For example, the port body 1212 can be configured to accept different gauge needles, catheters, etc. by replacing the body conduits 1212A, 1212B, nozzle 1221, valve assembly 1222, etc. Similarly, the catheter 1250 and stem assembly 1224 can be easily replaced with catheters having different characteristics, such as different gauges, thicknesses, physical properties (e.g., materials, durometers), lumen properties, tip properties, etc.

[0130] The port 1210, locking member 1260, and catheter 1250 may also cooperate to form a generally smooth outer profile for the catheter system 1200. This advantageously facilitates ease of implantation within a tissue pocket and reduces patient discomfort post-implantation. Additionally, the smooth outer profile may make any palpable features placed thereon more noticeable and therefore more easily identifiable by the clinician.

[0131] The embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not limiting. The scope of the embodiments is therefore indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. The technical ideas that can be understood from the above-described embodiment will be described below as supplementary notes. [Appendix 1] A low profile access port, A main body, a first set of receiving cups; a first set of inlet ports, each receiving cup of the first set being in fluid communication with one of the inlet ports of the first set, each receiving cup being concavely shaped to direct an impaction needle toward the inlet port; the body including a first conduit in fluid communication with each inlet port of the first set of inlet ports, the first conduit extending from each inlet port of the first set to a first outlet of a port stem; a catheter in fluid communication with the first outlet. [Appendix 2] The low-profile access port of Appendix 1, wherein the body further includes a second set of receiving cups and a second set of inlet ports, each receiving cup of the second set being in fluid communication with one of the inlet ports of the second set, and a second conduit in fluid communication with each of the inlet ports of the second set, the second conduit extending from the inlet ports of the second set to a second outlet of the port stem. [Appendix 3] The low-profile access port of Appendix 2, wherein the first set of receiving cups are proximal to the second set of receiving cups. [Appendix 4] A low-profile access port described in any one of Appendices 1 to 3, wherein the periphery of each receiving cup of the first set of receiving cups lies in a plane and the planes of the periphery of each receiving cup are angled relative to each other. [Appendix 5] A low-profile access port described in any one of Appendices 1 to 3, wherein the periphery of each receiving cup of the first set of receiving cups lies in a plane, and the planes of the periphery of each receiving cup are coplanar with each other. [Appendix 6] A low-profile access port described in any one of Appendices 1 to 5, wherein a periphery of each receiving cup of the first set includes an incision, the incision between adjacent receiving cups providing communication between the adjacent receiving cups. [Appendix 7] A dialysis catheter assembly, a catheter having a first lumen and a second lumen; a bifurcated hub having a distal end in communication with the proximal end of the catheter; a first extension leg and a second extension leg connected to a proximal end of the bifurcated hub, the first extension leg in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second extension leg in fluid communication with the second lumen; a first port including a first receiving cup that defines a first perimeter substantially parallel to a skin surface after implantation of the dialysis catheter assembly, the first port including a first outlet in fluid communication with the first receiving cup, the first outlet in fluid communication with the first extension leg; a second port separated from the first port, the second port including a second receiving cup that forms a second perimeter approximately parallel to a skin surface after implantation of the dialysis catheter assembly, the second port including a second outlet in fluid communication with the second receiving cup, the second outlet in fluid communication with the second extension leg. [Appendix 8] The dialysis catheter assembly of Appendix 7, wherein the first receiving cup includes a first partition covering the first periphery, the second receiving cup includes a second partition covering the second periphery, and the first partition and the second partition provide a continuous outer profile for the first port and the second port. [Appendix 9] A subcutaneous dialysis port, a catheter having a first lumen and a second lumen; a bifurcated hub having a distal end in communication with the proximal end of the catheter; a first elongate arm and a second elongate arm connected to the distal end of the branch hub, the first elongate arm in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second elongate arm in fluid communication with the second lumen, each of the first elongate arm and the second elongate arm including a needle-penetrable portion in an upper wall. [Appendix 10] The subcutaneous dialysis port of Appendix 9, wherein the lower walls of the first elongate arm and the second elongate arm are formed from a flexible material that enables the first and second elongate arms to conform to the contours of a patient's body. [Appendix 11] The subcutaneous dialysis port of any one of Appendices 9 and 10, wherein the first elongate arm and the second elongate arm each include an end cap disposed at a proximal end, each end cap including at least one of a palpation feature and an indicator, the indicator being observable under an appropriate imaging modality. [Appendix 12] The subcutaneous dialysis port described in Appendix 11, wherein at least one of the palpation feature and the indicator indicates the direction of flow to a user. [Appendix 13] A subcutaneous dialysis port described in any one of Appendices 9 to 12, wherein the needle-penetrable portion comprises a self-sealing silicone material. [Appendix 14] A subcutaneous dialysis port described in any one of Appendices 9 to 13, wherein the lower walls of the first elongate arm and the second elongate arm are formed of a material that is impenetrable by a needle. [Appendix 15] A vascular access device for subcutaneous implantation, a catheter having a first lumen and a second lumen; an elongate body defining a first elongate chamber and a second elongate chamber, the first elongate chamber in fluid communication with the first lumen and the second elongate chamber in fluid communication with the second lumen; a needle-penetrable septum disposed over an opening in a top surface of the elongate body, the opening providing access to the first elongate chamber and the second elongate chamber; a needle-impenetrable guide disposed above the openings and the needle-penetrable septum, the needle-impenetrable guide including a plurality of first openings disposed above the first elongated chamber and a plurality of second openings disposed above the second elongated chamber. [Appendix 16] The vascular access device of Appendix 15, wherein the elongated body has a length and a width, the length being more than twice the width. [Appendix 17] The vascular access device of any one of Appendices 15 and 16, wherein the first elongated chamber and the second elongated chamber extend in a side-by-side arrangement relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongated body. [Appendix 18] The vascular access device of any one of Appendices 15 and 16, wherein the first elongated chamber and the second elongated chamber are arranged in tandem relative to a longitudinal axis of the elongated body such that the first elongated chamber is proximal to the second elongated chamber. [Appendix 19] The vascular access device of any one of Appendices 15 to 18, wherein the needle-non-penetrable guide is at least partially disposed within the needle-penetrable septum. [Appendix 20] The vascular access device of any one of Appendices 15 to 18, wherein the needle-impenetrable guide does not penetrate the needle-penetratable septum. [Appendix 21] The vascular access device described in any one of Appendices 15 to 20, wherein the plurality of first openings are parallel to the plurality of second openings. [Appendix 22] A port assembly, a first conduit including a first receiving cup at a proximal end and a first nozzle at a distal end, a first valve assembly disposed between the first receiving cup and the first nozzle; a second conduit including a second receiving cup at a proximal end and a second nozzle at a distal end, and a second valve assembly disposed between the second receiving cup and the second nozzle; an outer shell surrounding the first conduit and the second conduit, the outer shell including a proximal portion surrounding the first receiving cup and the second receiving cup and a distal portion surrounding the first nozzle and the second nozzle, the proximal portion, the distal portion, the first conduit, and the second conduit being connected by a press-fit engagement. [Supplementary Note 23] The port assembly of Supplementary Note 22, wherein the distal portion of the outer shell includes a distal receiving slot configured to receive a stem assembly. [Appendix 24] The port assembly of Appendix 23, wherein the stem assembly includes a housing having a proximal end configured for insertion into the distal receiving slot, and the stem assembly is connected to the distal portion of the outer shell by a press-fit engagement. [Appendix 25] A port assembly described in any one of Appendices 24 and 25, wherein the stem assembly includes a first stem and a second stem extending from a distal end of the housing, the first stem being in fluid communication with the first receiving cup and the second stem being in fluid communication with the second receiving cup. [Appendix 26] The port assembly of Appendix 25, further comprising: a catheter including a first lumen configured for insertion onto the first stem and a second lumen configured for insertion onto the second stem; and a locking member configured to couple the stem assembly to the catheter. [Appendix 27] The port assembly of Appendix 26, wherein the stem assembly includes a first slot at an upper portion and a second slot at a lower portion, and the locking member includes a first protrusion configured to snap-fit ​​into the first slot and a second protrusion configured to snap-fit ​​into the second slot. [Appendix 28] The port assembly of Appendices 27, wherein the outer shell, the housing, and the locking member together present a smooth, continuous outer surface.

Claims

1. 1. A port assembly comprising: a first conduit including a first receiving cup at a proximal end and a first nozzle at a distal end, a first valve assembly disposed between the first receiving cup and the first nozzle; a second conduit including a second receiving cup at a proximal end and a second nozzle at a distal end, and a second valve assembly disposed between the second receiving cup and the second nozzle; an outer shell surrounding the first conduit and the second conduit, the outer shell including a proximal portion surrounding the first and second receiving cups and a distal portion surrounding the first and second nozzle, the proximal portion, the distal portion, the first conduit, and the second conduit being connected by a press-fit engagement.

2. The port assembly of claim 1 , wherein the distal portion of the outer shell includes a distal receiving slot configured to receive a stem assembly.

3. 3. The port assembly of claim 2, wherein the stem assembly includes a housing having a proximal end configured for insertion into the distal receiving slot, the stem assembly being connected to the distal portion of the outer shell by a press-fit engagement.

4. 4. The port assembly of claim 3, wherein the stem assembly includes a first stem and a second stem extending from a distal end of the housing, the first stem in fluid communication with the first receiving cup and the second stem in fluid communication with the second receiving cup.

5. 5. The port assembly of claim 4, further comprising: a catheter including a first lumen configured for insertion over the first stem and a second lumen configured for insertion over the second stem; and a locking member configured to couple the stem assembly to the catheter.

6. 6. The port assembly of claim 5, wherein the stem assembly includes a first slot at an upper portion and a second slot at a lower portion, and the locking member includes a first protrusion configured to snap into the first slot and a second protrusion configured to snap into the second slot.

7. The port assembly of claim 6 , wherein the outer shell, the housing, and the locking member together present a smooth, continuous outer surface.

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