Lightning surge absorber, lightning surge absorbing device, and lightning surge absorbing method

Abstract

To provide a facility that reduces the energy of a lightning current in order to reduce damage caused by a lightning strike that causes a lightning current.SOLUTION: A lightning surge absorber according to the present invention includes an impedance line 8, and the impedance line 8 converts a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike into heat energy, and a lightning surge absorbing device 100 according to the present invention includes the impedance line 8 which is the lightning surge absorber, is installed between a lightning receiving portion 9 of a building 0 and a grounding line 11, and further includes a housing 101, and the housing 101 has a closed space that can accommodate at least a part of the impedance line 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a lightning surge protection system, and more particularly to a lightning surge absorption technique capable of absorbing a lightning surge in a lightning surge protection system including a lightning rod, thereby protecting buildings and electrical equipment from lightning damage. [Background technology]

[0002] Lightning is an electrical discharge that occurs in the atmosphere, and there are various types of lightning discharge, including intracloud discharge, intercloud discharge, and cloud-to-ground discharge. It is cloud-to-ground discharge (hereafter referred to as lightning) that causes the most damage. Lightning occurs when the electric field strength between the thundercloud (cloud base) and the ground or a structure built on the ground becomes very strong, and the electric charge reaches a critical state and exceeds the dielectric breakdown strength of the atmosphere.

[0003] In recent years, the amount of saturated water vapor in the air has increased with rising temperatures (global warming), leading to more frequent cloud formation and more lightning strikes. On the other hand, the number of electronic and electrical devices has also increased, and when lightning current flows through them, they are often damaged as a side effect, so there is a demand for methods to reduce the impact on buildings and electronic and electrical equipment, either by suppressing lightning strikes themselves or by weakening the strength of the lightning current.

[0004] When a lightning strike occurs, if a part of a structure built on the ground becomes the lightning receiving part, an overvoltage is transiently applied to the structure, which results in a transient overcurrent in the structure. A "lightning surge," which is the general term for this series of transient phenomena, can cause lightning damage, such as damage to electronic equipment installed in the structure.

[0005] As a countermeasure against lightning damage caused by this lightning surge, a conventional approach has been to install surge arresters such as surge protection elements connected to the ground wire in the electrical system of a structure. Surge protection elements behave as nonlinear elements that decrease their resistance value when an overvoltage above a threshold is applied, such as during a lightning strike. This allows for a lightning strike countermeasure that bypasses the overcurrent to the earth.

[0006] In addition, Patent Document 1 discloses an invention related to an overcurrent protection device. According to this invention, the overcurrent protection device is characterized by including a lightning arrester connected to equipment or facilities provided in a power generation system or a substation system, a grounding wire connected to the lightning arrester, and a discharger connected to the grounding wire and discharging an overcurrent input to the lightning arrester into the ground, the discharger having a first discharge wire and a second discharge wire that intersect only at the connection point where the grounding wire is connected.

[0007] Conventional inventions such as the invention described in Patent Document 1 aim to reduce the potential rise and potential distribution in the earth, which is the destination of the discharge of the overcurrent caused by a lightning surge. Therefore, there is room for improvement in conventional lightning countermeasures, such as the above-mentioned conventional invention, from the viewpoint of absorbing a lightning surge prior to discharge to the earth by dispersing the overvoltage in a structure, part of which serves as a lightning receiving part. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] JP 2019-149862 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has an object to provide a facility for reducing the energy of lightning current in order to reduce damage caused by lightning strikes that generate lightning current. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The lightning surge absorber of the present invention is characterized in that it includes an impedance line, and the impedance line converts a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike into thermal energy.

[0011] The lightning surge absorption device of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises an impedance line, is installed between a lightning receiving part of a building and a grounding wire, and further comprises a housing, the impedance line converts a portion of the discharge energy of the lightning strike into thermal energy, and the housing has a closed space capable of accommodating at least a portion of the impedance line.

[0012] With this configuration, the present invention allows the impedance line to share and consume the voltage and discharge energy during a lightning strike. A structural steel frame is often used as a grounding wire that carries lightning current to the ground, and an electromagnetic field caused by the lightning current is generated inside the building, which has an electromagnetic effect on all metal wiring used inside the building, such as electric wires, communication wiring, and building management wiring, which are arranged around the steel frame. In other words, an induced current flows in the opposite direction to the lightning current in these metal wirings, which causes damage to electronic and electrical equipment in the building. By converting most of the lightning current into thermal energy, the lightning current flowing through the steel frame as a grounding wire is also reduced, and the effect can be minimized.

[0013] The impedance line is characterized in that it includes an electric resistor made of a metal heating element.

[0014] With this configuration, the present invention can convert the discharge energy generated during a lightning strike into thermal energy via the metal heating element, thereby absorbing the energy of a lightning surge. As a result, the present invention can prevent damage to electronic and electrical equipment inside a building.

[0015] The metallic heating element is made of a Ni-Cr alloy.

[0016] With this configuration, the present invention can achieve a maximum operating temperature of 1100°C for lightning protection. As a result, the present invention can suitably realize the conversion of discharge energy into thermal energy.

[0017] The metallic heating element is made of an Fe-Cr-Al alloy.

[0018] With this configuration, the present invention can achieve a maximum operating temperature of approximately 1300° C. in lightning protection. As a result, the present invention can suitably realize the conversion of discharge energy into thermal energy.

[0019] The impedance line is characterized in that it includes an electric resistor made of a non-metallic heating element.

[0020] With this configuration, the present invention can convert discharge energy into thermal energy via the non-metallic heating element and absorb a lightning surge. As a result, the present invention can prevent damage to the wind power generation facility.

[0021] The non-metallic heating element is made of ceramics containing SiC as a main component.

[0022] With this configuration, the present invention can achieve a maximum operating temperature of approximately 1600° C. in lightning protection. As a result, the present invention can suitably realize the conversion of discharge energy into thermal energy.

[0023] The non-metallic heating element is made of ceramics containing graphite as a main component.

[0024] By adopting such a configuration, the present invention can employ, for example, a graphite electrode member as an electrical resistor, thereby realizing an impedance line having high thermal conductivity, excellent heat resistance, and high shock resistance.

[0025] The impedance line is characterized in that it includes an electrical resistor formed by providing a powder on an insulator.

[0026] With such a configuration, the present invention can improve the manufacturability including the maintainability of the impedance line.

[0027] The electrical resistor is characterized in that the powder containing a nonlinear resistor is provided on the insulator.

[0028] With this configuration, the present invention can realize an impedance line whose resistance value is constant in a low voltage region but decreases when the voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage. As a result, the present invention can improve surge absorption characteristics against lightning strikes.

[0029] The nonlinear resistor is characterized in that it is made of ceramics containing ZnO as a main component.

[0030] With this configuration, the present invention can realize a nonlinear resistor having a double Schottky barrier at low cost and with excellent manufacturability. As a result, the present invention can realize an impedance line whose resistance value is constant in a low voltage region but decreases when the voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage.

[0031] The insulator is characterized in that it comprises a supporting insulating cylinder.

[0032] By adopting such a configuration, the present invention makes it possible to construct an impedance line in which the above-mentioned electric resistor is enclosed as an assembly of unit structures. As a result, the present invention can be realized in a form excellent in manufacturability that enables a series-parallel circuit to be easily constructed for the impedance line.

[0033] The impedance line is characterized in that it includes an element in which a coil is connected in parallel to an electric resistor.

[0034] With this configuration, the present invention can realize an impedance line by winding a coil, which is an inductor, around an electric resistor, for example. Furthermore, with this configuration, the present invention can realize an impedance line in which the electrical resistance becomes dominant in the high frequency range. As a result, the present invention can realize an impedance line having an excellent surge absorbing effect in a compact form with excellent manufacturability.

[0035] The impedance line is characterized in that it comprises an element formed by a plurality of electrical resistors adjacent to each other in a non-contact manner with a gap therebetween.

[0036] With this configuration, the present invention makes it possible to introduce into the impedance line an element including an electric resistor that becomes conductive via a discharge gap when an excessive voltage is generated by a lightning strike. As a result, the present invention can realize an excellent surge absorption effect by introducing an electric resistor having nonlinearity into an impedance line, regardless of the material.

[0037] The impedance line is characterized in that the elements are connected in series and parallel in multiple stages.

[0038] By adopting such a configuration, the present invention can improve the withstand voltage and discharge withstand voltage.

[0039] The housing has electrically insulating inlet terminals and outlet terminals on the inside and outside of the housing, and an electrically insulating separator is provided inside the housing, and the separator is capable of accommodating the impedance line that is brought into the housing via the inlet terminal and brought out to the outside of the housing via the outlet terminal.

[0040] With this configuration, it is possible to realize a lightning surge absorbing device in which a long lightning surge absorber is housed in a single housing that is easy to handle.

[0041] The impedance line is flexible, and the separator is capable of installing the bent impedance line while shielding portions of the impedance lines adjacent to each other inside the housing.

[0042] With this configuration, it is possible to prevent discharge in one long lightning surge absorber that is bent and housed in one housing.

[0043] The separator is made of ceramic.

[0044] With this configuration, the separator made of a material having excellent electrical insulation and heat resistance can be used to deal with heat generation and discharge of the lightning surge absorber.

[0045] The lightning surge absorption method of the present invention is characterized in that a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike is converted into thermal energy by an impedance line installed between a lightning receiving part and a grounding wire. Effect of the Invention

[0046] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a facility for reducing the energy of lightning current in order to reduce damage caused by lightning strikes that generate lightning current.

[0047] The lightning surge absorber of the present invention is placed on buildings, steel towers, or other structures that require lightning protection, and is intended to reduce the energy of the lightning current that strikes the lightning rod by converting it into thermal energy before it flows to the ground, thereby reducing the electromagnetic effects on the surroundings of the lightning conductor. The element that absorbs the lightning current is housed in an explosion-proof metal box, and the surroundings around the device are constructed so that they are not affected by the thermal energy generated inside. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0048] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a building according to one embodiment. [Diagram 2] 1 is an external view of a lightning surge absorber according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 3] 1 is an internal view of a lightning surge absorber according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 is an internal view of a lightning surge absorber according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 6 is an internal view of a lightning surge absorber according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is an internal view of a lightning surge absorber according to a second embodiment. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning surge absorber according to one embodiment; [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning surge absorber according to one embodiment; [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning surge absorber according to one embodiment; [Figure 10] 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning surge absorber according to one embodiment; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0049] This specification will describe in detail one embodiment of the present invention below. Note that, in the configuration of one embodiment of the present invention, not only the components that realize the functions and effects, but also the steps that make the components realize the functions and effects will be appropriately shown to describe one embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] <Lightning surge absorption device> The lightning surge absorber 100 according to one embodiment includes a lightning surge absorber including an impedance line 8 .

[0051] 1, the lightning surge absorbing device 100 is installed between a lightning receiving unit 9 on the roof of a building 0 on the ground E and a ground wire 11. At this time, the lightning surge absorbing device 100 may be placed, for example, near the lightning receiving unit 9, on the roof of the building 0, or stored inside the building 0, and there is no limitation on the manner of installation. The building 0 according to one embodiment is, for example, a wind power generation facility, and there is no limitation on the manner of installation.

[0052] The lightning surge absorber 100 according to one embodiment further includes a housing 101 in addition to a lightning surge absorber including an impedance line 8 .

[0053] The lightning surge absorber 100 according to one embodiment may take the form of a blade constituting a wind power generation facility, for example, and there is no limitation on the size and shape thereof.

[0054] 2 to 6, the housing 101 according to one embodiment has a closed space capable of accommodating at least a part of one impedance line 8. Here, the housing 101 may be appropriately provided with holes that allow ventilation.

[0055] In one embodiment, the impedance lines 8 are bent within the housing 101 such that separators 105 are positioned between adjacent impedance lines 8 .

[0056] This makes it possible to prevent discharge between the long impedance lines 8 that are bent and stored inside the housing 101.

[0057] There is no limitation on the dimensions of the separator 105 according to one embodiment, and as an example, the width is about 5 cm, the height is 7 cm, and the total length is about 1 m.

[0058] First Embodiment As illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the housing 101 of the first embodiment may include electrically insulating lead-in terminals 102 and lead-out terminals 103 on the inside and outside of the housing 101, an electrically insulating separator 105 inside the housing 101, and a stand 104 as appropriate.

[0059] As a result, the lightning surge absorber 100 can prevent sparks generated from the impedance line 8 from leaking out to the outside of the lightning surge absorber 100.

[0060] There is no limitation on the material of the housing 101 and the stand 104 according to the first embodiment, and they may be ceramics or metal materials such as steel.

[0061] The separator 105 according to the first embodiment is capable of accommodating the impedance line 8 that is drawn into the housing 101 via the lead-in terminal 102 and drawn out to the outside of the housing 101 via the lead-out terminal 103.

[0062] The lead-in terminal 102 and the lead-out terminal 103 according to the first embodiment may be reinforced with insulation, and there is no limitation on the material and the position on the surface of the housing 101.

[0063] The separator 105 according to the first embodiment is capable of installing the flexible, bent impedance line 8 inside the housing 101 while partially shielding adjacent impedance lines 8 from each other.

[0064] The separator 105 according to the first embodiment may be made of ceramics, pottery, or may be made of an electrically insulating material used in electric wires and steel towers, and there is no restriction on the material as long as it is a material that has electrical insulation and heat resistance.

[0065] The separator 105 according to the first embodiment may be an assembly of separators 105, which are unit structures having a trough-shaped cross-sectional shape, as exemplified in Fig. 3. In this case, the separator 105 may be formed by stacking the unit structures of the separator 105. Here, the cross-sectional shape of the separator 105 may be trough-shaped, comb-shaped, or concave, as long as it is a cross-sectional shape in which the impedance line 8 can be installed. Note that the rectangular structures having a trough-shaped cross-sectional shape in Fig. 3 and the like correspond to the separator 105, including those not designated with a reference symbol.

[0066] 4, the impedance line 8 according to the first embodiment is bent and stored in a closed space inside the housing 101. Here, there is no limitation on the manner or route of bending the impedance line 8.

[0067] Second embodiment As in the first embodiment, the housing 101 of the second embodiment may also include electrically insulating lead-in terminals 102 and lead-out terminals 103 on both the inside and outside of the housing 101, an electrically insulating separator 105 inside the housing 101, and a stand 104 as appropriate, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.

[0068] An impedance line 8 housed in a closed space inside the housing 101 in the second embodiment consists of an I-shaped linear impedance line 81 which is part of the impedance line 8, and a U-shaped curved impedance line 82 which is part of the impedance line 8.

[0069] In the impedance line 8 according to the second embodiment, the straight impedance line 81 and the curved impedance line 82 may have a male-female tapered structure and may be configured to be fastened to each other as appropriate using bolts or the like, with no particular limitation on the manner in which they are connected.

[0070] Lightning surge absorber The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10 . The electrical resistor 10 consists of a metal heating element 10a (not shown) and may be in the form of a foil, wire, strip, or flat braid, with no restrictions on its shape, and may be provided with a round or L-shaped terminal at its tip for connection. The metal heating element 10a is made of a heating wire material selected from the group including Fe, Cr, Al, Cu, Ni, Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Mn alloy, Ni-Al alloy, Ni-Cr alloy, and Fe-Cr-Al alloy, and there is no limitation on the material.

[0071] In this way, the impedance line 8 converts part of the discharge energy propagating through the lightning receiving portion 9 into thermal energy through the electric resistor 10 provided in the impedance line 8 by the Joule effect.

[0072] In this manner, the impedance line 8 can share the voltage and discharge energy during a lightning strike with the grounding wire 11, and the locations where heat is generated during a lightning strike can be dispersed.

[0073] In this way, the reduction in the voltage borne by the electrical resistor 10, which is caused by a small resistance value, and the associated reduction in the surge absorbing effect are avoided.

[0074] In addition, an increase in the voltage drop of the electric resistor 10 caused by a large resistance value and the associated discharge in the lightning surge absorber 100 are avoided.

[0075] The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10 . As shown in FIG. 7, the electrical resistor 10 is formed by enclosing a non-metallic heating element 10b in an insulator 10c instead of a metallic heating element 10a, and may be provided with round or L-shaped terminals at its tip, and may be connected to each other via a spring. The non-metallic heating element 10b is made of ceramics containing as its main component a material selected from the group including SiC, MoSiO2, and ZrO2, and may be in the form of a powder or a sintered body, with no limitations on the material. The insulator 10c is a container such as a supporting insulating cylinder capable of enclosing the nonmetallic heating element 10b, and there is no limitation on its shape, size, or material, and it may be flexible.

[0076] Furthermore, the non-metallic heating element 10b may be made of ceramics containing graphite as a main component, and may take the form of a graphite electrode.

[0077] In this way, by forming the impedance line 8 using the electrical resistor 10 formed by encapsulating the non-metallic heating element 10b in the insulator 10c, it is possible to improve the manufacturability, including maintainability, in forming the impedance line 8, even for the non-metallic heating element 10b which is more difficult to process than the metallic heating element 10a, and it is possible to handle a higher temperature range than when the metallic heating element 10a is used.

[0078] The impedance line 8 may also be made of a non-metallic heating element 10b that is not enclosed in an insulator 10c. The non-metallic heating element 10b may be a flexible conductive structure such as a conductive gel, a conductive rubber, or a conductive elastomer.

[0079] The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10 . As shown in FIG. 8, the electric resistor 10 is formed by enclosing a non-metallic heating element 10d in an insulator 10c, instead of the non-metallic heating element 10b. The non-metallic heating element 10d is made of ceramics whose main component is a non-linear resistor material selected from a group including ZnO, and may be a powder, a sintered body, or a porous body, with no restrictions on the materials and ratios.

[0080] In this way, the resistance value is constant in the low voltage region but decreases when the resistance value is above a certain threshold. In the event of a lightning strike, part of the discharge energy is converted into thermal energy for voltages above the certain threshold, improving the surge absorption effect.

[0081] The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10 . The electric resistor 10 is formed by enclosing a non-metallic heating element 10e in an insulator 10c in place of the non-metallic heating element 10b. The non-metallic heating element 10e is a liquid resistor such as seawater. The insulator 10c is a flexible container such as a hose, and there is no limitation on its shape or size.

[0082] In this manner, the electrical resistor 10 is formed in a form that is easy to manufacture by using seawater or the like, which is a non-metallic heating element 10e that is easy to transport.

[0083] The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10 . The electric resistor 10 is formed by applying the non-metallic heating element 10b or 10d to an insulator 10f instead of the insulator 10c. The insulator 10f is a cloth such as a nonwoven fabric, and there is no limitation on the material and composition thereof.

[0084] In this manner, by applying the non-metallic heating element 10b or 10d to the cloth-like insulator 10f, the electrical resistor 10 is formed in a form that is easy to manufacture.

[0085] As shown in FIG. 9, an impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an element 16 formed by connecting a coil 15 in parallel to an electrical resistor 10 according to one embodiment, and the elements 16 are connected in multiple stages in series-parallel (series and / or parallel) configuration. The coil 15 is made of, for example, a metal material, and there is no limitation on the material and dimensions thereof. The element 16 is formed by winding a coil 15 around an electric resistor 10, and an inductor such as the coil 15 is connected in parallel to the electric resistor 10.

[0086] In this way, an impedance line 8 is realized in which the electrical resistance R becomes dominant in the high frequency range, based on an inflection point determined based on the electrical resistance R of the electrical resistor 10 that constitutes one or more elements 16 and the reactance L of the coil 15 that constitutes one or more elements 16.

[0087] This allows the impedance line 8 to be flexibly adjusted and designed for surge absorption characteristics according to the frequency of lightning strikes.

[0088] As shown in FIG. 10, an impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an element 16 formed by a plurality of electrical resistors 10 adjacent to each other in a non-contact manner with a gap 10g therebetween. The element 16 is provided in place of a down conductor, and is formed by alternately arranging electrical resistors 10 and gaps 10g inside a tube 10h such as a hose having flexibility and a hollow structure. There is no restriction on the diameter of the tube 10h. The electric resistor 10 has a cylindrical shape and may be, for example, a cylindrical insulator 10c into which a nonmetallic heating element 10b such as SiC powder is enclosed, and there is no limit to the size and quantity thereof. The gap 10g is, for example, 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm, there is no limit to its length, it may be a microgap, and the atmosphere may be an air atmosphere, an Ar atmosphere, or a reduced pressure atmosphere, there is no limit to its details.

[0089] As a result, the impedance line 8 becomes conductive through the discharge gap when an excessive voltage exceeding a predetermined threshold is generated by a lightning strike, and by converting part of the discharge energy into thermal energy, it is possible to achieve an excellent surge absorption effect.

[0090] This also makes it possible to standardize the dimensions of the individual electrical resistors 10 that make up the element 16, and by designing the elements based on the discharge gap, it is possible to realize a scalable impedance line 8, allowing the impedance line 8 to be made longer.

[0091] This also makes it possible to prevent deterioration due to discharge in the individual electrical resistors 10 that make up the element 16, and also to disperse heat among the individual electrical resistors 10, thereby achieving a longer life for the impedance line 8.

[0092] This also makes it possible to design a circuit that shorts out the individual gaps 10g that make up the element 16, making it possible to more flexibly adjust the operating characteristics of the impedance line 8 against lightning surges and improving its manufacturability.

[0093] The electric resistor 10 has semicircular electrodes 10t at both ends, and the semicircular electrodes 10t are aligned with each other.

[0094] This makes it easy to center the cylindrical electric resistor 10, facilitating installation, and realizing an impedance line 8 with excellent manufacturability.

[0095] Moreover, the electrical resistor 10 may be configured such that, instead of the semicircular electrode 10t, concave or convex electrodes 10t are aligned. There is no limitation on the shape of the electrode 10t as long as the shape facilitates alignment of the electrode 10t.

[0096] The element 16 constituting the impedance line 8 may be formed by winding a coil 15 around a tube 10h inside which a plurality of electric resistors 10 are adjacent but not in contact with each other with a gap 10g therebetween.

[0097] This makes it possible to realize a surge absorption effect that makes full use of the conductivity phenomenon caused by the discharge gap, as well as a surge absorption characteristic that makes full use of the frequency characteristics resulting from the inductance of coil 15, thereby reducing the impact of damage caused by lightning strikes on building 0.

[0098] In one embodiment of the present invention, the resistance value and inductance of the impedance line 8 may be appropriately set so that the impedance line 8 is a collection of unit elements that exhibit an impedance of 0.1 to 1.0 kΩ at 100 kHz, which is a representative value of a line pulse, for example.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present invention, the impedance line 8 may be formed by dividing an even number of resistance wires into right-handed and left-handed windings around an insulating cylinder.

[0100] At least one of the structures of one embodiment of the present invention is heat resistant.

[0101] In one embodiment of the present invention, a configuration in which parts of the configurations of the above-described embodiments are adopted together may be appropriately adopted.

[0102] The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment of the present invention is not limited in size. The impedance line 8 is, for example, 25 m.

[0103] A lightning surge absorption method according to one embodiment converts a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike into thermal energy in an impedance line 8 installed between a lightning receiving portion 9 and a grounding wire 11 .

[0104] According to the present invention, damage to the building 0 caused by lightning strikes can be suitably prevented. [Explanation of symbols]

[0105] 0: Building 8: Impedance line 9:Lightning section 10: Electrical resistor 10a: Metal heating element 10b: Non-metallic heating element 10c: Insulator 10d: Non-metallic heating element 10e: Non-metallic heating elements 10f: Insulator 10g: void 10h: tube 11: Ground wire 15: Coil 16: Element E: Ground 81: Straight impedance line 82: Curved impedance line 100: Lightning surge absorber 101: Housing 102: Receiving terminal 103: Output terminal 104: Stand 105: Separator

Claims

1. A lightning surge absorber comprising: An impedance line is provided which converts a part of the discharge energy of the lightning into thermal energy, A lightning surge absorber, wherein the impedance line includes an element formed by a plurality of electrical resistors adjacent to each other in a non-contact manner with a gap therebetween.

2. 2. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 1, wherein the impedance line comprises an electric resistor made of a metal heating element.

3. 3. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 2, wherein the metal heating element is made of a Ni--Cr alloy.

4. 3. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 2, wherein the metal heating element is made of an Fe-Cr-Al alloy.

5. 2. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 1, wherein the impedance line comprises an electrical resistor made of a non-metallic heating element.

6. 6. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 5, wherein the non-metallic heating element is made of ceramics containing SiC as a main component.

7. 6. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 5, wherein the non-metallic heating element is made of ceramics containing graphite as a main component.

8. 2. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 1, wherein the impedance line comprises an electrical resistor formed by providing a powder on an insulator.

9. 9. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 8, wherein the electrical resistor is formed by providing the powder containing a nonlinear resistor on the insulator.

10. 10. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 9, wherein the nonlinear resistor is made of ceramics containing ZnO as a main component.

11. The lightning surge absorber according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the insulator comprises a supporting insulating tube.

12. The lightning surge absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the impedance line comprises an element in which a coil is connected in parallel to an electric resistor.

13. 13. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 1 or 12, wherein the impedance line is formed by connecting the elements in series and parallel in multiple stages.

14. A lightning surge absorbing device comprising the impedance line according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is installed between a lightning receiving part of a building and a grounding wire, A lightning surge absorbing device further comprising a housing having a closed space capable of accommodating at least a portion of the impedance line.

15. the housing includes an electrically insulating lead-in terminal and a lead-out terminal on both the inside and the outside of the housing, and an electrically insulating separator is provided inside the housing; The lightning surge absorbing device according to claim 14, characterized in that the separator is capable of accommodating the impedance line that is pulled into the interior of the housing via the inlet terminal and pulled out to the exterior of the housing via the outlet terminal.

16. The impedance line has flexibility, 16. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 15, wherein the separator is capable of installing the bent impedance line while shielding parts of the impedance line adjacent to each other inside the housing.

17. 17. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 15, wherein the separator is made of ceramic.

18. A method for absorbing a lightning surge, comprising installing an impedance line having an element in which a number of electrical resistors are adjacently arranged in a non-contact manner with a gap between a lightning receiving part and a ground wire, and converting a portion of the discharge energy of the lightning strike into thermal energy.

Images