Solid Inert Residue (SIR) Dryer and Extractor Systems

Abstract

Plastic conversion vessels, such as pyrolysis reactors, convert plastic waste, such as polymers and / or hydrocarbon materials, into usable chemical compounds, such as naphtha, diesel fuel, heavy oil, wax, and the like, through in-situ chemical reactions, including cracking, recombination, reforming, recracking, and the like. Inherent within the polymer and / or carbonaceous material are generally solid inert residues, such as various fillers, pigments, flame retardants, silica, aluminum, talc, glass, clay, and the like. Such solid inert residues (SIR) must be treated to remove residual volatile organic materials therefrom in order to meet acceptable environmental standards and / or limits. Heat dryers for treating SIR include heating units for removing excess volatile organic materials therefrom as they move along a conveyor that transports the material to a recovery area.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a plastic conversion vessel that pyrolyzes plastic waste, such as polymers and / or hydrocarbonaceous materials, by in-situ chemical reactions, including cracking, recombination, reforming, recracking, and the like, to volatilize and remove various usable chemical compounds, such as naphtha, diesel fuel, heavy oil, wax, and the like. The polymers and / or carbonaceous materials generally contain solid inert residues (SIR), such as various fillers, pigments, flame retardants, silica, aluminum, talc, glass, clay, and the like. Such SIR is discharged from the plastic conversion vessel and must be treated to remove volatile organic materials therefrom in order to meet acceptable environmental standards. A heated dryer for treating the discharged SIR includes heating the residue to substantially remove the volatile organic materials therein before it is transported to a recovery area. The recovery area includes one or more cylinders with pistons, or isolation valves, or augers, capable of compressing and discharging the SIR, which contains a very low but acceptable amount of volatile organic materials. In a modified embodiment, a modified collection area, called a transfer system, that houses multiple plungers, or isolation valves, or augers, is utilized to transfer the dried SIR to a suitable container for its proper environmental disposal. Additionally, various seals prevent flammable and / or harmful vapors from escaping the transfer system. [Background technology]

[0002] Traditionally, the solid inert residue (SIR) discharged from pyrolysis reactors, often as char, has typically been deposited in landfills or used as a filler, and in some cases, as a feedstock or even a soil conditioner. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Volatile organic materials contained in the SIR discharged from a plastic conversion vessel such as a pyrolysis reactor must be removed before disposal so that the residual material can meet various environmental regulations. A dryer system is utilized that utilizes a heated dryer to volatilize and substantially remove any remaining organic material present in the SIR. A sweep gas, preferably comprising an inert, non-condensable gas, is also utilized to liberate the volatile organic material from the SIR. Once the SIR is generally substantially liberated from the volatile organic material, the residual is transported to a collection area that presses (compresses) the residual into a mass of material. The collection area is locked, i.e., airtight, so that no air or remaining volatile organic material can escape to the atmosphere, but the SIR can be pressed and discharged from the collection area for subsequent disposal. In the transport embodiment, a sweep gas is generally not utilized in the dryer to remove various gases from the dryer since it was previously purged of oxygen.

[0004] Generally, a SIR dryer comprises a dryer having one or more heating units and one or more drying substrates capable of heating and drying SIR on the substrates and removing volatile organic materials therefrom, the substrates capable of transporting the dried SIR to a collection area comprising a compression system for compressing the dried SIR. In a transport embodiment, multiple plungers, or isolation valves and augers are utilized to efficiently compress and collect the SIR.

[0005] 1. A process for removing volatile organic materials from SIR, comprising the steps of: adding SIR to a dryer; heating the dryer to remove the volatile organic materials from the SIR; transporting the dried SIR material to a recovery area; and recovering the dried SIR.

[0006] A transport device for transporting an SIR, comprising: a collection area for the SIR; a first transport plunger for moving the SIR; a second transport plunger for moving the SIR, the second transport plunger being disposed substantially transversely relative to the first transport plunger; and a third transport plunger for transporting the SIR, the third transport plunger being disposed substantially transversely relative to the second transport plunger. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0007] These and other features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains upon reading the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plastic conversion vessel of the present invention in which various reactions can occur. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a SIR dryer of the present invention. [Figure 3A] 1 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed, showing the SIR falling by gravity into the inlet of a horizontal cylinder moved by a first piston, whose movement transports the SIR and also creates a seal to prevent vapor from escaping the vessel. [Figure 3B] 1 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed. FIG. 2 shows a first piston operating to compress the SIR against a second piston mounted perpendicular to the movement of the first piston, thereby forcing the SIR against the side of the second piston and into a sealing plug. [Figure 3C] 1 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed. FIG. 2 shows that when the cylinder of the first piston is "full" as recorded by a position sensor in the piston mechanism, the second piston moves backwards and the first piston remains in a position sealing the SIR inlet. [Figure 3D] 1 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed, followed by a first piston moving forward and pushing the compressed SIR into the path of travel of a second piston. [Figure 3E] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed, then a second piston moves forward (downwards) and forces the SIR against the closed end valve of the system, and then it moves back to a position covering the inlet from piston 1. [Figure 3F] 1 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed, and shows that when the second cylinder is filled, the first piston re-covers the inlet as it pushes the final "plug" of SIR into the second cylinder. [Figure 3G] 1 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed, then the end valve opens as a second piston pushes the SIR material out of the system. [Figure 3H] 14 is a schematic diagram of the sequential stages of the piston and valve system in the collection area where the dried and discharged SIR is compressed, then the second piston retracts as the end valve closes and the cycle begins again. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a delivery system of the present invention in which SIR material is fed to multiple plungers that deliver it to a collection container. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a detailed perspective view of the multi-plunger delivery device of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0008] The pyrolysis vessel 300 of the present invention may generally be any vessel known in the art or literature in which physical and / or chemical reactions can occur and which is desirably free of air and oxygen.

[0009] That is, the total amount of oxygen based on the total internal volume of the vessel is less than about 3 volume percent, desirably less than about 2 volume percent, preferably less than about 1 volume percent, and more preferably zero, i.e., does not contain any air or oxygen. Thus, a pyrolysis vessel can be utilized. The vessel 300 does not rotate and does not contain any added catalyst. That is, it does not contain any added catalyst, except for a generally small amount of catalyst that may be inherently contained in one or more polymers, etc. The vessel can generally have multiple heating units 370, multiple reaction stages, multiple product gas exhausts 380, etc., or any combination thereof. Optionally, but preferably, the vessel 300 contains an outer shroud 360 having multiple inner walls 365 that extend from the shroud to the vessel outer wall and form heating channels for hot gas to heat the vessel. Thus, heat from the heater 370 generally travels around the periphery of the generally cylindrical vessel 300 and exits therefrom through a heat exhaust channel 375 at the top of the vessel. The heat in different parts of the vessel 300 generally volatilizes the semi-molten or molten waste 460, the gases produced therefrom exit the vessel through product discharge channel 380 and are fed to a condensation unit, not shown, and the waste is in the form of different types of usable products. Pyrolysis generally occurs during the transport of the semi-molten and / or molten waste 460 along the vessel, as in FIG. 2, from input or inlet 310 to vessel top 320 by rake 650 via cracking, recombining, reforming, recracking, etc. Generally, the preferred direction of the pyrolysis in the vessel 300 along axis 305, i.e., from left to right in FIG. Suitable pyrolysis temperatures range from about 900°F to about 1,200°F, with suitable temperatures in the Y-axis, i.e., from the bottom of the vessel to the top of the vessel, ranging from about 700°F to about 1,000°F, typically ranging from about 800°F to about 950°F. The temperature in the Z-axis, i.e., from the front of the vessel to its back, is generally nearly constant throughout. A preferred vessel, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, is described in U.S. Patent No. 10,711,202, issued July 14, 2020, and is fully incorporated by reference herein in all its aspects. Various known reactions, such as cracking, reforming, recombination, and recracking of the waste of the present invention, generally produce various gases, such as alkane gases, or various hydrocarbon gases, such as naphtha, or various light oils, such as heavy oil, as well as diesel fuel, jet fuel, marine fuel, various waxes, lubricants, additives, various distillates, light organic compounds, and the like.

[0010] The yield of gaseous products produced by the present invention is very high, at least about 70% by weight, desirably at least about 80% by weight, and preferably at least about 85% or 90% by weight of the feedstock placed in the vessel. The remaining material is generally classified as dry SIR, and often contains filler and other inert materials, which are discharged from the top or outlet end 320 of the vessel 300 through discharge channel 330.

[0011] A desirable embodiment of the vessel 300 is to produce oil and gas products in general. Preferred waste materials include plastics such as polymers in the form of sheets, wrappers, packaging, furniture, plastic housings, containers, etc., and are utilized that contain essentially only hydrogen and carbon atoms, such as polyethylene, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc. Other suitable commercially available polymers include polyesters, polycarbonates, polymethylmethacrylates, nylons, polybutylenes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, polyurethanes, polyethers, poly(oxides), poly(sulfides), polyarylates, polyetherketones, polyetherimides, polysulfones, polyvinyl alcohols, and polymers formed by polymerization of dienes, vinyl esters, acrylates, acrylonitrile, methacrylates, methacrylonitrile, diacids, diols, or lactones, or any combination thereof. Still other polymers include the aforementioned block copolymers and alloys thereof. Polymeric materials also include thermosetting polymers, such as, for example, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, alkyd resins, vinyl ester resins, crosslinked polyester resins, crosslinked polyurethanes, and the like; and crosslinked elastomers, including, but not limited to, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polystyrene-butadiene, polystyrene-isoprene, polyethylene-propylene, ethylene-propylene-diene, and the like, and blends thereof.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the above different types of waste often contain about 40% to about 90% by weight, desirably about 50% to about 85% by weight, and preferably about 70% to about 80% by weight of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene polymers. Any remaining polymers can be, but are not limited to, polyurethane, nylon, PET, and polyvinyl chloride, as well as any of the remaining polymers mentioned above.

[0013] Hydrocarbon-based materials generally include, of course, various heavy fractions of fractionation columns containing compounds having mainly only carbon and hydrogen atoms, e.g., various bitumens, including bituminous tailings from mines, various heavy oils, greases, semi-asphaltic compounds, etc., which are reduced by the present invention to lighter components, mostly various types of hydrocarbon-containing gases.

[0014] The various waste materials mentioned above often contain solid inert materials (SIR) such as various fillers, pigments, fire retardants, reinforcing materials, silica, aluminum, talc, glass, clay, and the like. SIR materials have a low carbon content, less than 2% by weight, and therefore are not char and generally not hazardous. The SIR amount is about 2% to about 25% by weight, or desirably about 3% to about 20% by weight, or preferably about 3% to about 15% by weight, or most preferably less than about 7% by weight, all based on the total weight of one or more polymeric and / or hydrocarbon-based materials. Such compounds are generally not chemically or physically reactive, but are released from the vessel 300 through the vessel discharge channel 330.

[0015] FIG. 2 relates to an SIR dryer and exhaust system 700. SIR is exhausted from the pyrolysis reactor 300 via the exhaust channel 330 as shown in FIG. 1. The solid inert exhaust material 720 may be generally rectangular in shape and is fed to a feed inlet 725 of the SIR dryer and exhaust system 700 having one or more heating units 760. The heater 765 is heated by a plurality of burners 760 which heat the bottom of the dryer 700 to a temperature high enough to substantially remove any remaining volatile organic material from the SIR 720. Examples of such volatile organic materials include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., as well as one or more of a variety of C1-C12 alkanes, or any combination thereof.

[0016] The volatile organic materials may be dried in or on one or more substrates, including one or more kettles or containers, on one or more metal trays or sheets, on one or more screens, or on a conveyor belt, or the like, or any combination thereof.

[0017] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the residue, which may contain some residual organic material, is placed on a substrate, which is a conveyor belt 750, where, upon heating, the residual volatile organic material is released from the residue. That is, the residue is dried along the path of passage of the conveyor belt. If the drying occurs in any other material, such as the above-mentioned kettles, trays, screens, etc., it is connected to a moving device, such as a chain, belt, conveyor, etc., so that the SIR is transported to the discharge chamber 755. To aid in the removal of any volatile organic material obtained from the residue 720, an inert, non-condensable sweeping gas 730, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, or helium, etc., or any combination thereof, is utilized. The sweeping gas 730 generally flows into the distal end of the dryer 700 and flows countercurrently toward any conveying device and can exit through a discharge channel 735, after which it can be fed to the pyrolysis vessel 300 or recovered by various methods and techniques well known in the literature and in the art. The dried SIR is typically transported along a conveyor 750 or on other drying equipment such as metal trays to the other end of the dryer which generally contains a discharge chamber 755 located distal to the SIR feed inlet 725. The dried SIR is then transported via valve 805 to a collection area.

[0018] The dried SIR material is transferred to a recovery and / or compression area and is substantially dry, meaning that the amount of any liquid and / or volatile compounds therein is very low, i.e., less than about 0.5% by weight, desirably less than about 0.1% by weight, and preferably less than about 0.01% by weight, based on the total weight of the dried SIR product.

[0019] Since it is desirable to have a dry SIR product, the collection container area 800 can have a cooling system with a heat transfer medium such as nitrogen or argon that is recycled in the container or cooled outside the container or recycled in the blowdown stream as needed to remove any remaining volatile hydrocarbons. Still further, a fine mist of water or other cooling medium can be sprayed onto the SIR in a carefully metered manner such that most of the water is converted to steam and / or vapor and removed from the SIR solids. By having the cooling medium in direct contact with the SIR, the cooling surface area is greatly increased, allowing for more rapid cooling. Alternatively, a drag chain or other mechanism can be used to spread the SIR powder for better contact.

[0020] In summary, many different cooling methods can be utilized to ensure that the purged SIR is dry and at a suitable temperature, not overly hot, so that it can be placed in a collection area container for subsequent disposal or beneficial use as a filler, raw material, soil amendment, etc.

[0021] The dried SIR 720 typically drops from the dyer 700 into an airtight collection area 800 that includes a compression and / or compression system 810, such as one or more cylinders and pistons, desirably a multiple compression system containing multiple, e.g., 2, 3, or 4, cylinders and pistons. There are many different configurations of multiple cylinder-piston compression systems, with a preferred embodiment including two cylinders and two pistons, as shown in Figures 3A-3H.

[0022] A description of the present invention's compression or compression system 810 for packaging and discharging SIR is as follows: In FIG. 3A, the SIR material contained in the discharge chamber 755 is added to a compression system 810 that generally comprises a first or horizontal cylinder 820 and a first piston 825 and a second or vertical cylinder 830 and a second piston 835. The SIR material is added directly to the first cylinder 820, and when it is sufficiently full, the first piston 825 is actuated to compress the SIR material and force it against the side of the second cylinder 830 as shown in FIG. 3A. This action continues until the head space 827 of the first or horizontal cylinder 820 generally contains the compressed SIR material, as shown in FIG. 3B. The vertical piston 835 is then retracted upward as shown in FIG. 3C, and the compressed SIR material therein is forced into the vertical cylinder head space 837 as shown in FIG. 3D. Vertical piston 835 is then actuated to push the SIR material downward to a closing valve 850 located at the bottom of vertical cylinder headspace 837, as shown in Figure 3E. The above operations of compressing the SIR in horizontal headspace 827 and then compressing the SIR material into lower headspace 837 of vertical cylinder 830 continue until headspace 837 is essentially filled, as shown in Figure 3F. Valve 850 is then opened by vertical piston 835 moving the SIR material into a suitable container 870 or the like, as shown in Figure 3G. This cycle is repeated until container 870 is filled, as shown in Figure 3H.

[0023] As the piston 835 retracts, it tends to create a vacuum and draw vapor into the headspace 837. This problem can be solved in a number of ways. For example, an inert gas can be metered into the headspace 837 to ensure that air is not drawn into the system. Alternatively, a sealed exhaust container containing an inert gas can be installed so that any vapors drawn into the system do not contain oxygen.

[0024] The entire collection area 800 being locked or airtight means that any air, volatile organic material or gas, etc. is locked or held within the airtight area 800. Thus, when residual material is added to the collection area 800, the airtight valve 805 is closed. Furthermore, the compression system, i.e., cylinder and piston system 810, is also airtight and prevents any air and / or volatile organic material from escaping therefrom by the outlet valve 850.

[0025] In the compression system 810, the removed SIR is likely still too hot to safely handle. To cool the SIR material, different approaches can be utilized, as discussed above, generally prior to compression. Other solutions include additional cooling time, including using a longer headspace, or cooling can be accomplished by adding an auger to agitate and cool the material, or by cooling the exterior and interior surfaces with chilled water or evaporative cooling.

[0026] Alternatively, various conventional cooling systems can be utilized to reduce the temperature of any SIR material entering the collection area 800 to below about 250° F., desirably below about 100° F. For example, if it is impractical to extend the length of the headspace and piston to allow for sufficient surface area for them to cool, a sealed SIR receiving container 870, such as that located in the collection area 800, see FIG. 3G and FIG. 3H, can be installed to help cool the SIR and / or prevent its exposure to oxygen. This receiving container may be purged with an inert gas, such as nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, or helium, and may be sealed to receive the SIR and allow for transport to another location for cooling the SIR. It may also incorporate a mechanism to equalize pressure as it cools, either by a conditioned inert gas in the container, or a container and sealing system that can handle a vacuum. The sealing system may be a valve that accepts the SIR from the piston / valve setup and deposits it into a sealed container, or a rotating sealing mechanism, such as in a revolver.

[0027] The receiving container 870 can also include mechanisms for cooling the incoming SIR. For example, it can contain water that cools the SIR and produces water vapor, which serves to purge the container 870. This can also be done continuously, for example, by venting the water vapor to the atmosphere or to a thermal oxidant if there are volatile organic components, while continuously adding water to maintain the water level and pumping the water / SIR slurry out of the container with a solid-duty pump. The water level is important to maintain a steam tight seal in the container. The container can also include purging with additional inert gas, and an agitator to improve suspension of the SIR in the water and improve cooling. The SIR suspended in the water can then be remotely filtered from the water and sent for further processing or disposal.

[0028] Still further, if it is desired to have a dry SIR product, the container 870 can include cooling with a heat transfer medium such as nitrogen or argon that is recycled in the container, cooled outside the container, and recycled in the blowdown stream as needed to remove volatile hydrocarbons. By having the cooling medium in direct contact with the SIR, the cooling surface area is greatly increased, allowing for more rapid cooling. A drag chain or other mechanism can also be used to spread the SIR powder for better contact. Alternatively, water can be sprayed onto the SIR in carefully metered amounts such that most of the water is converted to water vapor and removed from the SIR solids.

[0029] In summary, many different cooling methods can be utilized to ensure that the purged SIR is at a suitable temperature for subsequent disposal or placement in a collection bin for beneficial use as a filler, raw material, soil amendment, etc.

[0030] In an alternative embodiment, a modified collection area that is a more efficient collection and compression system is the conveying and dispensing device 900 as shown diagrammatically in Figures 4 and 5. The SIR material obtained from the pyrolysis vessel 300 is dried in the dryer 700 as described above, fully incorporated herein by reference, except that no sweep gas is utilized and it is collected in the collection area 800 as shown in Figure 4. A transfer tube 903 extends between the collection area 800 and the conveying and dispensing device 900, which generally contains a number of plungers, such as three conveying and compression plungers 910, 920, and 930 as shown in Figure 4. When the transfer tube valve 905 is opened, the SIR material flows into the first conveying tube 912, which is connected to the second conveying tube 922, which in turn is connected to the third conveying tube 932. Various sensors, detection devices, etc., not shown but known in the art and literature, are utilized to send a signal to the various illustrated three plungers when a particular tube area is generally filled with SIR material. Thus, after entering SIR material to fill the first transfer tube 912, the transfer valve (outlet) 905 is closed, the first transfer valve 915 is opened, and the first plunger 910 is actuated to push the SIR material through the valve 915 into the second transfer tube 922. Similarly, upon detecting that the second transfer tube 922 is sufficiently full of SIR material, the first transfer valve (outlet) 915 is closed, the second transfer valve 925 is opened, and the second transfer plunger 920 pushes the SIR material into the third transfer tube 932. Then, upon detecting that the third transfer tube 932 is sufficiently full of SIR material, the transfer apparatus 900 closes the second plunger (outlet) valve 925 and opens the third plunger valve (outlet) 935, so that the SIR material is transferred via the third transfer plunger 930 to the collection container 950.

[0031] As the SIR material is transferred from one plunger region to another, i.e., from the transfer tube to the first delivery tube 912, from there to the second delivery tube 922, and then to the third delivery tube 932, the SIR material can be compressed by each respective plunger to a desired predetermined pressure. For example, in the first delivery tube 912, the outlet valve 915 can be held closed while the plunger 910 pushes the SIR material into the valve and compresses it. The valve 915 can then be opened, and the plunger 910 then pushes the SIR material into the next delivery tube, in this case tube 922, as described above. Similarly, the SIR material can be compressed in the second delivery tube and subsequently in the third delivery tube. In summary, the SIR material can be compressed in one or more of the tubes, or in all three. Although the description in the drawings is of a SIR dryer and extraction system having various plungers, i.e., first conveying plunger 910, second conveying plunger 920, and third conveying plunger 930, and valves therein, the type of plungers may be various, i.e., they may be pistons, augers, etc., or other similar devices known in the literature and in the art. Similarly, the various conveying pipe valves 915, 925, and 935 are preferably of a type capable of forming a steam seal for each of the three conveying transfer pipes. The steam seals described above are an important aspect of the system in that they are necessary for safety reasons, e.g., to prevent flammable pyrolysis steam from escaping the various conveying pipes.

[0032] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the plunger 910 is positioned at the end of the collection area 800. As also shown in Figures 4 and 5, the SIR material can be added to the side of the first conveying tube 912, either substantially perpendicular to or transverse to the movement of the first plunger 910. For example, independently at about 90° or generally at an angle of about 70° to about 110°, desirably at an angle of about 80° to about 100°, relative to the direction of movement of the plunger 910. The SIR material can then be transferred into the second conveying tube 922, as described above. Again, the transfer of the SIR material to the second plunger system or conveying tube 922 can be independently at any of the angles noted immediately above. Optionally but desirably, the second conveying plunger 920 can also independently transfer the SIR material to the third conveying tube 932 at any of the angles described above relative to the third conveying tube. The above-described dispenser alignment system 900 has been found to be advantageous as it allows the piston mechanisms to be positioned more compactly relative to one another, reducing their overall footprint.

[0033] Another optional embodiment of the invention may utilize an isolation valve that allows the SIR to drop into a box, and a compression device such as an auger will compress the SIR to force the vapor out of it and form a partial seal. Another isolation valve box system may then be utilized to further remove any vapor. This isolation system thus performs a similar task as a piston: vapor sealing, conveying, and compression, but in a different way.

[0034] As is known in the literature and in the art, recovered SIR materials can be disposed of according to various ecological laws, standards, etc. in any given area.

[0035] In general, the delivery and dispensing device or assembly 900 can have many shapes, configurations, etc. along with numerous valves, sensors, etc. to allow the flow of collected, dried SIR material to the collection container 950 .

[0036] In accordance with the patent statutes, the best mode and preferred embodiment have been set forth, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but rather by the appended claims. 。 The invention as originally claimed in the present application is set forth below. [1] A solid inert residue (SIR) dryer comprising: the dryer has one or more heating units and one or more drying substrates, the dryer being capable of heating and drying the SIR on the substrate and removing a substantial amount of volatile organic material therefrom; the substrate is capable of transporting the dried SIR to a collection area; A SIR dryer, wherein the collection area comprises a compression system for compressing the dried solid inert residue. [2] The SIR dryer of [1], wherein the substrate comprises a container, a metal tray, a metal sheet, a screen, or a conveyor belt, or any combination thereof. [3] The SIR dryer according to [2], wherein the substrate is a conveyor belt. [4] The SIR dryer described in [1], wherein the collection area is airtight and the compression system comprises at least one cylinder having a piston capable of compressing the dried SIR in the cylinder. [5] The SIR dryer described in [4], wherein the recovery area is equipped with a multiple compression system including at least a second cylinder having a piston, the second piston being capable of further compressing the compressed SIR. [6] A process for removing volatile organic materials from a SIR, comprising: adding SIR to a dryer; heating the dryer to remove the volatile organic materials from the SIR; transporting the dried SIR material to a collection area; and recovering the dried SIR. [7] The process of claim [6], comprising compressing the recovered dried SIR in the recovery area. [8] The process of [7], comprising at least one cylinder having a piston, wherein the recovered dried SIR is compressed in the cylinder. [9] The process of [8], further comprising a second cylinder having a piston, and subsequently compressing the compressed SIR in the second cylinder.

[10] The process of [9], wherein the dryer further comprises a substrate, the substrate transporting the SIR to a collection area.

[11] The process of [6], wherein the SIR comprises one or more polymers, or one or more hydrocarbon-based materials, or any combination thereof.

[12] The process of

[11] , comprising transferring the SIR from the collection area to a transporting and dispensing device, the transporting and dispensing device comprising a first plunger, a second plunger, and a third plunger, each of the plungers being independently disposed in a transporting pipe, each of the pipes independently comprising a transporting valve.

[13] The process of

[12] , wherein each of the transfer valves is independently capable of forming a steam seal.

[14] The process of

[12] , wherein each plunger independently comprises a piston or an auger.

[15] The process of

[14] , further comprising the plunger compressing the SIR and removing vapor therefrom.

[16] A transport device for transporting an SIR, comprising: a collection area for the SIR; a first delivery plunger for moving the SIR; a second delivery plunger for moving the SIR, the second delivery plunger being disposed substantially transversely to the first delivery plunger; a third delivery plunger for transporting the SIR, the third delivery plunger being disposed substantially transversely to the second delivery plunger.

[17] The conveying device according to

[16] , wherein the third conveying plunger is also arranged substantially parallel to the first conveying plunger.

[18] The delivery device according to

[17] , wherein one or more of the delivery plungers are capable of compressing the SIR.

[19] The delivery device of

[16] , wherein one or more of the delivery plungers house an outlet valve that, when open, allows the SIR material to be forced through.

[20] The delivery device of

[18] , wherein one or more of the delivery plungers house an outlet valve that, when open, allows the SIR material to be forced through.

Claims

1. 1. A solid inert residue (SIR) dryer comprising: the dryer has one or more heating units, one or more drying substrates, and a collection area, the dryer being capable of heating and drying the SIR on the substrate and removing volatile organic materials from the SIR; the substrate is capable of transporting the dried SIR to the collection area; the collection area comprising a compression system for compressing the dried SIR; a first valve at an entrance to the recovery area and selectively switchable to form a seal, the seal isolating the recovery area from the volatile organic material in the dryer; The compression system includes at least one first cylinder having a first piston.

2. 10. The SIR dryer of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a container, a metal tray, a metal sheet, a screen, or a conveyor belt, or any combination thereof.

3. The SIR dryer of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is the conveyor belt.

4. The SIR dryer of claim 1 , wherein the first piston is capable of compressing the dried SIR in the at least one first cylinder.

5. 5. The SIR dryer of claim 4, wherein the collection area comprises a multiple compression system including at least a second cylinder having a second piston, the second piston capable of further compressing the compressed SIR.

6. 2. The SIR dryer of claim 1, wherein a second valve is downstream of the first valve and the at least one first cylinder having the first piston, the second valve forming a second seal at an outlet of the collection area.

7. 7. The SIR dryer of claim 6, wherein a third valve is between the first valve and the second valve, the third valve forming a third seal downstream of the at least one first cylinder having the first piston.

8. 6. The SIR dryer of claim 5, wherein a second valve is downstream of the first valve and the at least one first cylinder having the first piston, the second valve forming a second seal at an outlet of the collection area.

9. 9. The SIR dryer of claim 8, wherein a third valve is between the first valve and the second valve, the third valve forming a third seal downstream of the at least one first cylinder having the first piston and upstream of the second cylinder having the second piston.

10. 6. The SIR dryer of claim 5, wherein the first cylinder is a horizontal cylinder and the second cylinder is a vertical cylinder.

11. 10. The SIR dryer of claim 9, wherein the first cylinder is a horizontal cylinder and the second cylinder is a vertical cylinder.

12. 1. A solid inert residue (SIR) dryer comprising: the dryer has one or more heating units, one or more drying substrates, and a collection area, the dryer being capable of heating and drying the SIR on the substrate and removing volatile organic materials from the SIR; the substrate is capable of transporting the dried SIR to the collection area; the collection area comprises a container having an inert gas therein; A SIR dryer, wherein a first valve is at an entrance to the recovery area and is selectively switchable to form a seal, the seal isolating the container of the recovery area from the volatile organic material in the dryer.

13. 13. A process for removing volatile organic materials from the SIR of claim 1, comprising: adding the SIR to the dryer of claim 1; heating the dryer to remove the volatile organic materials from the SIR; transporting the dried SIR material to the collection area of ​​claim 1 by the substrate of claim 1; recovering the dried SIR; compressing the collected dried SIR in the collection area; The process includes:

14. 14. The process of claim 13, wherein the recovered, dried SIR is compressed in the at least one first cylinder.

15. The process of claim 14, further comprising a second cylinder having a second piston, and subsequently compressing the compressed SIR in the second cylinder.

16. The process of claim 13 , wherein the SIR comprises one or more polymers, or one or more hydrocarbon-based materials, or any combination thereof.

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