Machine tool

Abstract

To provide a machine tool that can enhance correction accuracy.SOLUTION: A machine tool 1 comprises: a main spindle 11 that rotates while holding a work-piece W; a tool 45a that machines the work-piece W held by the main spindle 11; an observing device 20 that photographs the work-piece W held by the main spindle 11 and the tool 45a from a Z-axis direction of the work-piece W, in order to obtain a deviation amount in a Y-axis direction between a machining point of the tool 45a and a center position of the work-piece W; and an observing device moving mechanism 24 that moves the observing device 20, along the Z-axis direction, between an observing position Pa at which the observing device 20 can photograph the work-piece W and the tool 45a and a retreating position Pb farther away from the work-piece W than the observing position Pa.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a machine tool. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, in order to improve the machining accuracy of a workpiece, a process for correcting the deviation amount of the relative position of a tool with respect to the workpiece has been performed. For example, a lathe described in Patent Document 1 calculates the deviation amount along the Y-axis direction between the center height of the tool and the center line of the workpiece based on a first diameter value of the workpiece after a first cut and a second diameter value of the workpiece after a second cut, and a moving distance of the tool from the end of the first cut to the end of the second cut. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 4865490 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the configuration of Patent Document 1, the workpiece and the tool are not directly observed, so there is a risk that the detection accuracy of the amount of misalignment between the workpiece and the tool, and therefore the correction accuracy, will be low.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has an object to provide a machine tool that can improve the accuracy of correction. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, a machine tool according to the present invention comprises a spindle that rotates while holding a workpiece, a tool that machines the workpiece held by the spindle, an observation device that images or observes the workpiece held by the spindle and the tool from the axial direction of the workpiece to obtain an amount of deviation between the tool and the workpiece, an observation device moving mechanism that moves the observation device along the axial direction between an observation position where the workpiece and the tool can be imaged or observed by the observation device and a retracted position that is farther from the workpiece than the observation position, a tool moving mechanism that moves the tool, and a moving mechanism that moves the observation device between an opposing position where the observation device faces the workpiece in the axial direction and a non-opposing position where the observation device does not face the workpiece in the axial direction, Device Move. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the present invention, the accuracy of correction can be improved. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a front view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 2] 1 is a plan view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 3] 1 is a side view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. [Diagram 5] 5 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a correction process according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 5(a) to 5(c) are diagrams showing images displayed on a display according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a front view of a machine tool according to a modified example of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an image magnified by a tool scope according to a modified example of the present invention. [Figure 9]13(a) and 13(b) are front views of an observation device according to a modified example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] Hereinafter, a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the machine tool 1, which is a lathe, comprises a bed S which is a base for the entire machine tool 1, a spindle unit 10 having a spindle 11, an observation device 20, a turning mechanism 25, a spindle moving mechanism 15Z, tool moving mechanisms 42X, 42Y, a tool unit 45, a guide bush 31, an observation device moving mechanism 24, a control unit 300, a display 310, and an operation input unit 320. In the following, the axial direction along the rotation axis of the main shaft 11 is defined as the Z-axis direction, the height direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction is defined as the Y-axis direction, and the depth direction perpendicular to the Y-axis and Z-axis directions is defined as the X-axis direction.

[0010] As shown in FIG. 1, the spindle unit 10 holds and rotates a cylindrical workpiece W. Specifically, the spindle unit 10 includes a spindle 11 and a headstock 12 that rotatably supports the spindle 11. The spindle 11 holds the workpiece W. A work rotation motor (not shown) that rotates the spindle 11 is built into the headstock 12. In this example, the workpiece W is a small-diameter part having a diameter of 1 mm or less, for example. Note that the workpiece W may be a cylindrical pipe material, or may not be a small-diameter member. The guide bush 31 is located in front of the spindle 11 in the Z-axis direction, and is fixedly provided with respect to the bed S. The guide bush 31 supports the workpiece W held by the spindle 11. Note that this is not limited to this example, and a guide bush-less configuration in which the guide bush 31 is omitted may also be used.

[0011] As shown in Fig. 1, the spindle moving mechanism 15Z moves the spindle unit 10 in the Z-axis direction. The tool moving mechanism 42Y moves the tool unit 45 in the Y-axis direction. As shown in Fig. 2, the tool moving mechanism 42X moves the tool unit 45 in the X-axis direction.

[0012] As shown in FIG. 1, the observation device moving mechanism 24 moves the observation device 20 in the Z-axis direction at a position opposite to the spindle 11 in the Z-axis direction. In this example, the observation device moving mechanism 24 moves the observation device 20 between an observation position Pa and a retreat position Pb. The observation position Pa is a position where the observation device 20 can observe the workpiece W held by the spindle 11 and the machining point (tip of the cutting edge) of the tool 45a. The retreat position Pb is a position farther from the spindle 11 in the Z-axis direction than the observation position Pa, and is set to a position where it is less susceptible to the effects of chips or coolant liquid accompanying machining of the workpiece W. The observation device moving mechanism 24 includes a slide base 24a that can move in the Z-axis direction, and a support part 24b that supports the observation device 20. For example, the spindle moving mechanism 15Z, the tool moving mechanisms 42X and 42Y, and the observation device moving mechanism 24 each have a motor, a ball screw, and a nut.

[0013] The tool unit 45 machines the workpiece W held by the spindle 11. The tool unit 45 includes a plurality of tools 45a and a tool holding portion 45b that holds the plurality of tools 45a. The tools 45a are cutting tools that cut the workpiece W in the radial direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the plurality of tools 45a extend along the X-axis direction and are arranged in the Y-direction. Note that the tools 45a are not limited to fixed tools such as cutting tools, but may be rotary tools such as drills.

[0014] As shown in Figure 1, the observation device 20 images the workpiece W held by the spindle 11 and the machining point of the tool 45a from the front in the Z-axis direction to measure the amount of deviation in the Y-axis direction between the machining point of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W. The observation device 20 includes a camera 21 and a lighting unit 23 . The camera 21 captures images of the workpiece W and the machining point of the tool 45a, and outputs the captured image data to the control unit 300. The camera 21 includes an imaging unit 21a and a lens unit 21b. The lens unit 21b collects light in the imaging unit 21a. The imaging unit 21a converts the light entering from the lens unit 21b into an electrical signal as image data.

[0015] The illumination unit 23 illuminates the workpiece W and the machining point of the tool 45a imaged by the camera 21. The illumination unit 23 is located on the tip side of the camera 21 close to the spindle 11. The illumination unit 23 forms an annular shape surrounding the outer periphery of the lens unit 21b. In this example, the illumination unit 23 emits illumination light to the machining point of the workpiece W and the tool 45a, and causes reflected light of the illumination light to enter the lens unit 21b of the camera 21.

[0016] As shown in FIG. 2, the turning mechanism 25 turns the observation device 20 around a turning axis T. The turning axis T is located along the Z-axis direction so as to be aligned with the rotation axis I of the workpiece W in the X-axis direction. The turning mechanism 25 is, for example, a rotating cylinder. The turning mechanism 25 is configured to be able to turn the observation device 20 through 180° around the turning axis T as shown by an arrow R in FIG. 4. The turning mechanism 25 turns the observation device 20 along a path that passes above in the Y-axis direction, in other words, along a counterclockwise path in FIG. 4 when the main spindle 11 is viewed from the front in the Z-axis direction. In this example, the rotation mechanism 25 is configured to automatically rotate the observation device 20 using a driving unit such as a rotating cylinder, but this is not limited to this and the observation device 20 may be configured to be rotated by manually operating an operating unit such as a rotating operating handle.

[0017] The rotation mechanism 25 rotates the observation device 20 between a facing position P1 and a non-facing position P2. The facing position P1 is set at a position where the observation device 20 faces the main shaft 11 in the Z-axis direction. The non-facing position P2 is set at a position where the observation device 20 does not face the main shaft 11 in the Z-axis direction, but is away from the main shaft 11 in a direction intersecting the Z-axis direction, in this example, the X-axis direction. In Fig. 4, the observation device 20 at the facing position P1 is indicated by a solid line, and the observation device 20 at the non-facing position P2 is indicated by a two-dot chain line.

[0018] 1, operation input unit 320 is operated by an operator, and outputs an operation signal corresponding to this operation to control unit 300. Display 310 displays an image under the control of control unit 300. Operation input unit 320 and display 310 may be mounted on machine tool 1 in advance, or may be peripheral devices of a personal computer that is later attached to machine tool 1.

[0019] 1 and 2, the control unit 300 controls the spindle unit 10, the observation device 20, the turning mechanism 25, the spindle moving mechanism 15Z, the tool moving mechanisms 42X, 42Y, the observation device moving mechanism 24, and the display 310. The control unit 300 includes, for example, a processing unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) not shown, and a memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a program that defines the procedure of processing by this processing unit. The control unit 300 includes a deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 that acquires a deviation amount ΔY in the Y-axis direction between the machining point of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W based on the observation results (image data in this example) by the observation device 20, and a correction processing unit 302 that corrects the position of the tool 45a based on the deviation amount ΔY. The control unit 300 may be pre-installed in the machine tool 1, or may be a personal computer main body attached to the machine tool 1. The control unit 300 may include a first information processing unit pre-installed in the machine tool 1 and a second information processing unit which is a personal computer main body attached to the machine tool 1, and may perform processing while transmitting and receiving information between the first information processing unit and the second information processing unit. In this case, for example, the first information processing unit controls the spindle unit 10, the observation device 20, the turning mechanism 25, the spindle moving mechanism 15Z, the tool moving mechanisms 42X, 42Y, and the observation device moving mechanism 24. The second information processing unit receives an operation signal from the operation input unit 320, analyzes an image G described later, and controls the display 310.

[0020] Next, the correction process executed by the control unit 300 will be described with reference to the flowchart of Fig. 5. When this correction process starts, the observation device 20 is at the retracted position Pb and also at the facing position P1.

[0021] The deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 selects the tool 45a, and causes the machining point of the selected tool 45a to coincide with the center position of the workpiece W held by the spindle 11 in the Y-axis direction via the tool moving mechanisms 42X and 42Y (step S101). At this time, the machining point of the tool 45a is set to a position away from the workpiece W in the X-axis direction. Even if the machining point of the tool 45a is controlled to coincide with the center position of the workpiece W in the Y-axis direction in this step S101, there is a risk that the machining point will deviate in the Y-axis direction from the center position of the workpiece W due to various factors such as thermal displacement, shape error, and installation error of the tool 45a. The correction process is executed to correct this deviation.

[0022] Then, the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 moves the observation instrument 20 from the retracted position Pb to the observation position Pa via the observation instrument moving mechanism 24 (step S102). Next, the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 captures images of the workpiece W and the machining point of the tool 45a via the camera 21 while emitting illumination light via the illumination unit 23, and acquires image data of the captured images (step S103).

[0023] Then, the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 displays the image G captured by the camera 21 on the display 310 as shown in Figs. 6(a), (b), and (c) (step S104). The image G includes the machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the workpiece W as viewed from the Z-axis direction. In Fig. 6(a), the machining point 45z of the tool 45a coincides with the center position of the workpiece W in the Y-axis direction. In Fig. 6(b), the machining point 45z of the tool 45a is shifted downward in the Y-axis direction with respect to the center position of the workpiece W. In Fig. 6(c), the machining point 45z of the tool 45a is shifted upward in the Y-axis direction with respect to the center position of the workpiece W.

[0024] The deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 acquires the deviation amount ΔY in the Y-axis direction between the machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W (step S105). For example, in step S105, the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 may acquire the deviation amount ΔY by analyzing the image G. In this case, for example, an image pattern of the tool 45a and the workpiece W viewed from the Z-axis direction is stored in advance as teacher data in the memory of the control unit 300. The deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 detects the machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W based on this teacher data, and acquires the distance in the Y-axis direction between the detected machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W as the deviation amount ΔY.

[0025] In addition, without being limited to this example, the operator may specify the position of the machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W in the image G displayed on the display 310 through the operation input unit 320 (for example, a mouse of a personal computer). Then, the operator may input the position of the machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W through the operation input unit 320, and the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 may acquire the deviation amount ΔY based on the input position of the machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W. Furthermore, the operator may calculate the deviation amount ΔY based on the position of the specified machining point 45z of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W, and input the calculated deviation amount ΔY through the operation input unit 320.

[0026] Next, the correction processing unit 302 determines whether the acquired deviation amount ΔY is within a tolerance (step S106). The tolerance is set to, for example, ±0.01 mm. When the correction processing unit 302 determines that the acquired deviation amount ΔY is within the allowable value (step S106; YES), it displays "OK" as the determination result on the image G as shown in Fig. 6(a) and does not correct the position of the tool 45a (step S107). Then, the control unit 300 moves the observation device 20 from the observation position Pa to the retreat position Pb via the observation device moving mechanism 24 (step S108), and ends the correction processing.

[0027] On the other hand, when the correction processing unit 302 determines that the acquired deviation amount ΔY exceeds the allowable value (step S106; NO), it displays "NG" as the determination result on the image G as shown in Fig. 6(b) and (c) and corrects the position of the tool 45a according to the deviation amount ΔY (step S110). Then, the control unit 300 moves the observation device 20 from the observation position Pa to the evacuation position Pb via the observation device moving mechanism 24 (step S108), and ends the correction processing.

[0028] The above correction process may be performed for each of the multiple tools 45a. The correction process may be performed before the tool 45a processes the workpiece W, or may be performed after the tool 45a processes the workpiece W. By performing the correction process after the processing of each workpiece W, it becomes possible to perform thermal displacement correction for correcting the positional deviation of the tool 45a caused by the thermal displacement of the machine tool 1 (particularly, the ball screws of the tool moving mechanisms 42X, 42Y) accompanying a change in temperature.

[0029] Furthermore, the above correction process may be performed each time the workpiece W is machined, or may be performed only once for multiple machining operations. In particular, after the start of the machine tool 1, the temperature rises for a specified time from the start of machining the workpiece W, and after this specified time, a state of thermal equilibrium is reached. Therefore, within this specified time, the amount of deviation is likely to increase due to elongation of the ball screws of the tool moving mechanisms 42X, 42Y, etc., and after this specified time, the amount of deviation becomes smaller. In view of this, the above correction process is performed only once for each machining of the workpiece W or for multiple machining operations from the start of machining the workpiece W, and when the amount of deviation becomes within the allowable value, the above correction process does not need to be performed thereafter. This makes it possible to suppress the above correction process from being performed in a thermal equilibrium state, and shorten the machining time.

[0030] (effect) According to the embodiment described above, the following effects are achieved. (1) The machine tool 1 is equipped with a spindle 11 that rotates while holding a workpiece W, a tool 45a that machines the workpiece W held by the spindle 11, an observation device 20 that images the workpiece W and the tool 45a held by the spindle 11 from the axial direction of the workpiece W (Z-axis direction) to obtain the deviation amount ΔY in the Y-axis direction between the machining point of the tool 45a and the center position of the workpiece W, and an observation device moving mechanism 24 that moves the observation device 20 along the Z-axis direction between an observation position Pa at which the observation device 20 can image the workpiece W and the tool 45a and a retract position Pb that is farther from the workpiece W than the observation position Pa. According to this configuration, the tool 45a and the workpiece W are directly photographed from the front in the Z-axis direction by the observation device 20, so that it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the deviation amount ΔY, and therefore the accuracy of correcting the position of the tool 45a with respect to the workpiece W. Therefore, it is possible to improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece W. In particular, when the workpiece W is a small-diameter part (for example, a part with a diameter of 1 mm or less), it is necessary to correct the position of the tool 45a with higher accuracy. For this reason, it is particularly effective to directly photograph the tool 45a and the workpiece W from the Z-axis direction as in the above configuration. In addition, in the configuration of Patent Document 1, the tool 45a and the workpiece W cannot be directly seen, so the detection accuracy of the amount of deviation and therefore the correction accuracy are low. In addition, in the configuration of Patent Document 1, the workpiece is machined at two locations by the first cut and the second cut, so if the workpiece is a thin-walled pipe material, it is difficult to detect the amount of deviation due to the two-location machining. In addition, if the workpiece is a pipe material, it is not possible to form a dowel in the workpiece, so the diameter of the dowel cannot be measured to correct the amount of deviation. In this regard, according to the above configuration, it is not necessary to machine the workpiece W to obtain the amount of deviation ΔY. Therefore, even if the workpiece W is a pipe material, the amount of deviation ΔY can be obtained. In addition, since the observation device 20 photographs the tool 45a and the workpiece W from the front, the detection accuracy of the deviation amount ΔY can be improved compared to a configuration in which the images are photographed from an oblique angle. Furthermore, the observation device 20 is movable between the observation position Pa and the retracted position Pb, and is located at the observation position Pa when acquiring the deviation amount ΔY, and is located at the retracted position Pb when machining the workpiece W. This makes it possible to reduce the effort required to attach the observation device 20 and perform centering when acquiring the deviation amount ΔY. In addition, since the observation device 20 is configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction, it can be moved closer to the tool 45a and the workpiece W to facilitate focusing.

[0031] (2) The observation device 20 is equipped with a camera 21. According to this configuration, the tool 45a and the workpiece W are photographed by the camera 21, so that the detection accuracy of the deviation amount ΔY can be improved compared to when the positions of the tool 45a and the workpiece W are detected by a proximity sensor or the like.

[0032] (3) The machine tool 1 is equipped with a turning mechanism 25 that turns the observation device 20 around a turning axis T along the Z-axis direction. The turning mechanism 25 turns the observation device 20 between a facing position P1 where the observation device 20 faces the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction and a non-facing position P2 where the observation device 20 does not face the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction. According to this configuration, the observation device 20 can photograph the tool 45a and the workpiece W from the front at the facing position P1. In addition, by positioning the observation device 20 at the non-facing position P2, a space can be formed in front of the workpiece W held by the spindle 11.

[0033] (4) The machine tool 1 is equipped with a deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 that acquires a deviation amount ΔY in the Y-axis direction based on the center position of the workpiece W imaged by the observation device 20 and the machining point of the tool 45a after machining of one or more workpieces W is completed, and a correction processing unit 302 that corrects the position of the machining point of the tool 45a relative to the center position of the workpiece W held by the spindle 11 based on the deviation amount ΔY acquired by the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301. According to this configuration, thermal displacement correction is performed after the machining of the workpiece W is completed, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece W can be improved.

[0034] The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments and drawings. Modifications (including deletion of components) can be made as appropriate within the scope of the present disclosure. An example of a modification will be described below.

[0035] (Modification) In the above embodiment, the observation device 20 includes the camera 21, but is not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 7, the observation device 120 may be a tool scope, which is a type of microscope for enlarging and observing the processing point of the tool 45a and the center of the workpiece W as viewed from the Z-axis direction. The observation device 120 includes an eyepiece unit 121 through which the operator can see, and an objective lens unit 122 provided at a position facing the processing point 45z (see FIG. 8) and the workpiece W, which are objects to be enlarged. The operator can view the enlarged image J shown in FIG. 8 by looking into the eyepiece unit 121. A cross-shaped scale M is marked on the enlarged image J. This modification is the same as the above embodiment, except that step S104 in the flowchart of FIG. 5 is omitted and the content of step S103 is changed. Here, differences from the above embodiment will be mainly described. For example, in this modification, instead of step S103, first, the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301, either by an operator or automatically, positions the center of the workpiece W at the center of the scale M of the enlarged image J, and stores the machine coordinates in this state in memory as a first position. Next, the deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301, either by an operator or automatically, positions the machining point 45z of the tool 45a at the center of the scale M of the enlarged image J, and stores the machine coordinates in this state in memory as a second position. The deviation amount acquisition processing unit 301 acquires the deviation amount ΔY based on the difference in the Y-axis direction between the first position and the second position stored in the memory. The worker may read the first position and the second position by himself / herself and input the first position and the second position through the operation input unit 320.

[0036] In the above embodiment and the above modification, the observation device 20, 120 is configured to be automatically movable in the Z-axis direction by the observation device moving mechanism 24, but this is not limiting, and the observation device moving mechanism 24 may be omitted and the observation device 20, 120 may be manually moved in the Z-axis direction. In this case, as shown in Figs. 9(a) and (b), the observation device 20, 120 is supported by a support member 28, and the support member 28 is configured to be manually movable along a rail 29 together with the observation device 20, 120. In this modification, the observation device 20, 120 is positioned at the retracted position or the observation position by contacting the support member 28 or the observation device 20, 120 with a stopper, which is a jig not shown. Then, in this positioned state, the position of the support member 28 or the observation device 20, 120 is fixed by a fixing member not shown.

[0037] In the above embodiment and the above modified example, the control unit 300 may rotate the observation device 20 from the facing position P1 to the non-facing position P2 via the rotating mechanism 25 simultaneously with or before or after step S108 in Fig. 5. This creates space in front of the workpiece W held by the spindle 11, increasing spatial freedom. This makes it possible to prevent interference with a workpiece chute that discharges the workpiece W after machining, for example. In addition, by positioning the observation device 20 at the non-facing position P2, the observation device 20 is less susceptible to the effects of chips or coolant liquid that accompany machining of the workpiece W.

[0038] In the above embodiment, the camera 21 captured images by receiving reflected light from the lighting unit 23 that is reflected by the workpiece W or the tool 45a, but this is not limited to the above, and the camera 21 may capture images by receiving transmitted light from the light irradiated from the lighting unit 23 that is transmitted through the workpiece W or the tool 45a.

[0039] In the above embodiment, the machine tool 1 has a single spindle 11, but may have multiple spindles 11. The multiple spindles 11 may be arranged to face each other. In this case, when the workpiece W is transferred between the multiple spindles 11, the observation device 20 may be located at the non-facing position P2. The observation device 20 may also be configured to be rotatable about a rotation axis extending in the Y-axis direction. This allows the observation device 20 to be positioned relative to each spindle 11.

[0040] In the above embodiment, the illumination unit 23 may be omitted. Also, the turning mechanism 25 may be omitted.

[0041] In the above embodiment, the control unit 300 acquired the deviation amount ΔY in the Y-axis direction, and corrected the position of the tool 45a in the Y-axis direction based on the acquired deviation amount ΔY in the Y-axis direction. However, the control unit 300 may acquire the deviation amount in a direction other than the Y-axis direction, for example, the X-axis direction, and correct the position of the tool 45a in the X-axis direction based on the acquired deviation amount in the X-axis direction.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the image G captured by the camera 21 is displayed on the display 310, but it does not have to be displayed on the display 310. In the above embodiment, the pivot axis T extends along the Z-axis direction, but it may extend in a direction other than the Z-axis direction, for example, along the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction. [Explanation of symbols]

[0043] 1...machine tool, 10...spindle unit, 11...spindle, 12...spindle stock, 15Z...spindle movement mechanism, 20, 120...observation device, 21...camera, 21a...imaging section, 21b...lens section, 23...illumination section, 24...observation device movement mechanism, 24a...slide base, 24b...support section, 25...rotation mechanism, 28...support member, 29...rail, 31...guide bush, 42X, 42Y...tool movement mechanism, 45...tool unit t, 45a...tool, 45b...tool holding section, 45z...machining point, 121...eyepiece lens section, 122...objective lens section, 300...control section, 301...deviation amount acquisition processing section, 302...correction processing section, 310...display, 320...operation input section, G...image, I...rotation axis, J...magnified image, M...scale, P1...opposing position, P2...non-opposing position, S...bed, T...swivel axis, W...work, Pa...observation position, Pb...retraction position

Claims

1. A spindle that rotates while holding a workpiece; A tool for machining the workpiece held by the spindle; an observation device that captures or observes the workpiece and the tool held by the spindle from an axial direction of the workpiece in order to obtain a deviation amount between the tool and the workpiece; an observation device moving mechanism that moves the observation device along the axial direction between an observation position where the observation device can image or observe the workpiece and the tool and a retracted position that is farther from the workpiece than the observation position; A tool moving mechanism that moves the tool; a moving mechanism that moves the observation device between a facing position where the observation device faces the workpiece in the axial direction and a non-facing position where the observation device does not face the workpiece in the axial direction, The observation device moving mechanism moves the observation device separately from the tool. Machine tools.

2. The moving mechanism is a rotation mechanism that rotates the observation device between the facing position and the non-facing position. The machine tool according to claim 1.

3. The machine tool comprises: a deviation amount acquisition processing unit that acquires the deviation amount based on the workpiece and the tool imaged or observed by the observation device; a correction processing unit that determines whether the deviation amount acquired by the deviation amount acquisition processing unit is within a tolerance, and when it is determined that the deviation amount exceeds the tolerance, corrects a position of the tool with respect to the workpiece held by the spindle based on the deviation amount.

3. A machine tool according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the correction processing unit determines whether or not the deviation amount acquired by the deviation amount acquisition processing unit is within a tolerance, and does not correct the position of the tool after the deviation amount becomes within the tolerance. The machine tool according to claim 3.

Images