Composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions comprising (meth)acrylate monomers.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE PRESENT APPLICATION The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one (meth)acrylate monomer, uses of the compositions, optical elements, and optical devices. [Background technology]

[0002] Background technology WO2017 / 054898A1 describes a composition comprising red-emitting nanocrystals, a wetting and dispersing agent, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate as a solvent, an acrylic polymer mixture comprising an acrylic unit containing an acidic group and a silane-modified acrylic unit.

[0003] WO2019 / 002239A1 discloses a composition comprising semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles, a polymer and a (meth)acrylate such as 1.4. cyclohexanedimethanol-monoacrylate having a high viscosity of about 90 cp. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] WO2017 / 054898A1 [Patent Document 2] WO2019 / 002239A1 Summary of the Invention

[0005] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT APPLICATION However, the present inventors have now discovered that there still exist one or more substantial problems for which improvement is desired, as listed below.

[0006] improved uniform dispersion of the semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles in the composition, improved uniform dispersion of the scattering particles in the composition, preferably improved uniform dispersion of both semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles and scattering particles, more preferably improved uniform dispersion of the semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles and / or scattering particles without a solvent; a composition having a lower viscosity suitable for inkjet printing, preferably a composition that can maintain a lower viscosity even when mixed with a high loading of semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles and / or scattering particles, even more preferably without a solvent; a composition having a lower vapor pressure for uniform printing of large areas; improved QY of the semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles in the composition, improved QY of the semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles after printing; improved thermal stability; easy printing without clogging in the printing nozzle; easy handling of the composition, improved printing properties; simple fabrication process; improved absorption of blue light; improved solidification of the later layer made from the composition after inkjet printing.

[0007] The present inventors aim to solve one or more of the problems set forth above.

[0008] It has now been discovered a novel composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I) having a viscosity at 25°C of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably 2 to 20 cP, and even more preferably 2 to 10 cP.

[0009] According to the present invention, the viscosity can be measured at room temperature by a vibration type viscometer VM-10A (SEKONIC). https: / / www.sekonic.co.jp / english / product / viscometer / vm / vm_series.html

[0010] [ka]

[0011] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] is: R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0012] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be substituted with; Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0013] R ais, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3; and ii) Alternative materials.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of; i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer has a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably 2 to 10 cP; [ka]

[0015] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0016] R 2is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by; Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0017] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form together mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems; R 3 is H or CH3, [ka] etc.

[0018] vi) (meth)acrylate monomers represented by the following chemical formula (II): [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and

[0019] R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 3 is H or CH3; R 4 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms; or an alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0020] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of; i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer has a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] where:

[0021] R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by; Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0022] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form together mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0023] iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least one repeat unit comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group; And,

[0024] v') Scattering particles, preferably the scattering particles are selected from one or more members of the group consisting of inorganic oxide particles such as SiO2, SnO2, CuO, CoO, Al2O3TiO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, ZnO, ZnS, MgO particles or organic particles such as polymerized polystyrene, polymerized PMMA particles, and inorganic hollow oxide particles such as hollow silica, more preferably it is a TiO2 particle, even more preferably the average diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.25-0.20 μm.

[0025] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to the use of the compositions of the present invention in electronic, optical, sensing or biomedical devices or for making electronic, sensing, optical or biomedical devices.

[0026] In another aspect, the invention further relates to optical elements made from the compositions. In another aspect, the invention further relates to an optical device comprising one or more of said optical elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Detailed Description of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, in one aspect (first aspect), a composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I) having a viscosity at 25° C. of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of from 1 to 25 cP, more preferably from 2 to 20 cP, and even more preferably from 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0028] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by; Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0029] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems; R 3 is H or CH3; and ii) Alternative materials.

[0030] - (meth)acrylate monomers represented by formula (I) as matrix materials In accordance with the present invention, the (meth)acrylate monomer represented by formula (I) has a viscosity at 25° C. of less than 25 cP, preferably in the range of from 1 to 25 cP, more preferably from 2 to 20 cP, and even more preferably from 2 to 10 cP.

[0031] It is believed that lower viscosity is important for making low-viscosity compositions suitable for inkjet printing.Therefore, (meth)acrylate monomers having viscosity values ​​within the above-mentioned parameter ranges are particularly suitable for making compositions for inkjet printing.By using these (meth)acrylate monomers in the composition, when it is mixed with another material such as high loading semiconductive light-emitting nanoparticles, the composition can still maintain a lower viscosity within the range suitable for inkjet printing.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the boiling point (BP) of the (meth)acrylate monomer is greater than or equal to 180°C, preferably it is in the range of from 180°C to 350°C, more preferably from 250°C to 350°C.

[0033] The high boiling point is also believed to be important for making compositions for large area uniform printing, with lower vapor pressure, preferably less than 0.001 mmHg. In order to make compositions suitable for large area uniform inkjet printing, even when mixed with high loadings of other materials, such as high loadings of semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles, it is preferred to use (meth)acrylate monomers of formula (I) having a viscosity of 25 cP or less at 25°C and a boiling point of at least 180°C or more, preferably more than 180°C.

[0034] According to the present invention, publicly available acrylates and / or methacrylates represented by formula (I) may preferably be used.

[0035] In particular with respect to the first aspect, any type of publicly available acrylate and / or methacrylate represented by formula (I) and having a viscosity value of 25 cP or less at 25° C. may be used.

[0036] More preferably, the R 2 is, at each occurrence, independently or differently, selected from the following groups, where the groups R a and preferably these are substituted with R a has not been replaced by [ka]

[0037] Specifically preferred is R 2 is, at each occurrence, independently or differently, selected from the following groups: [ka] In the formula, "*" indicates R when n is 1. 1 and it represents the point of attachment to the oxygen atom of the formula when n is 0.

[0038] More preferably, said formula (I) is cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA, BP: 210° C.), 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate (TBCH, BP: 253) or phenoxyethyl acrylate (PEA, BP: 295° C.).

[0039] In another aspect (second aspect) of the invention, the composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer, preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer, represented by the following formula (I), has a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0040] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by; Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CRa , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0041] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form together mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0042] vi) (meth)acrylate monomers represented by the following chemical formula (II): [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0043] R 4 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms; or an alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms. [ka] etc.

[0044] - (meth)acrylate monomers represented by formula (II) The (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (II) exhibits a viscosity value significantly lower than that of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I). Thus, by using the (meth)acrylate monomer represented by formula (II) in combination with the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I), a composition having a significantly lower viscosity, which is desirable for smooth inkjet printing, is realized.

[0045] The combination can achieve a low viscosity composition with a high amount of another material, such as a high loading of semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles, and thus when the composition includes another material, it is particularly suitable for inkjet printing.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing weight ratio of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I) and the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II) in the composition is in the range of 11:89 to 99:1, preferably 20:80 to 90:10.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the boiling point (BP) of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I) and / or the boiling point (BP) of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II) is 118° C. or higher for large area uniform inkjet printing, preferably it ranges from 118° C. to 350° C., more preferably from 120° C. to 350° C., even more preferably from 140° C. to 350° C. Even more preferably, the boiling point (BP) of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I) and the boiling point (BP) of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II) are both 120° C. or higher.

[0048] More preferably, the R 4 is, at each occurrence, independently or differently, selected from the following groups, where the groups R a These may be substituted with, preferably, R a has not been replaced by

[0049] [ka] where "*" represents the point of attachment to R when n is 1, and it represents the point of attachment to the oxygen atom of the formula when n is 0.

[0050] More preferably, the formula (I) is lauryl methacrylate (LM, viscosity 6 cP, BP: 142°C) or lauryl acrylate (LA, viscosity: 4.0 cP, BP: 313.2°C).

[0051] In accordance with the present invention, preferably the composition further comprises another material selected from one or more members of the group consisting of:

[0052] iii) at least one semiconducting luminescent nanoparticle comprising a first semiconducting nanoparticle, optionally one or more shell layers covering at least a portion of the first semiconducting nanoparticle;

[0053] iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least a repeat unit A comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably the repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group;

[0054] v) Scattering particles, optically transparent polymers, antioxidants, radical quenchers, photoinitiators and surfactants.

[0055] - Polymer In accordance with the present invention, the polymer comprises at least a repeat unit A comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably the repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, repeat unit A and repeat unit B are constitutional repeat units.

[0057] Even more preferably, the repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine represented by the following formula (VII): NR 4 R 5 R 6 - -(VII) In the formula, R 4 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 4 and R 5 may be the same or different from each other; R 6represents a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a (poly)oxaalkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0058] Even more preferably, R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 5 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 4 and R 5 may be the same or different from each other.

[0059] More preferably, R 4 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an n-butyl group; R 5 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an n-butyl group.

[0060] In accordance with the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, repeat unit A does not contain a salt.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymer is a copolymer selected from the group consisting of graft copolymers, block copolymers, alternating copolymers, and random copolymers, preferably the copolymer comprises repeating units A and repeating units B that are free of any phosphine groups, phosphine oxide groups, phosphate groups, phosphonate groups, thiol groups, tertiary amines, carboxyl groups, heterocyclic groups, silane groups, sulfonic acids, hydroxyl groups, phosphonic acids, and combinations thereof, more preferably the copolymer is a block copolymer represented by the following chemical formula (VIII) or (IX): A n -B m - (VIII) B o -A n -B m - (IX)

[0062] wherein the symbol "A" represents repeating unit A; the symbol "B" is taken to mean repeating unit B; the symbols "n", "m" and "o" at each occurrence, independently or depending on one another, are integers from 1 to 100, preferably from 5 to 75, more preferably from 7 to 50; and even more preferably, the repeating unit B comprises a polymer chain selected from the group consisting of (poly)ethylene, (poly)phenylene, polydivinylbenzene, (poly)ether, (poly)ester, (poly)amide, (poly)urethane, (poly)carbonate, polylactic acid, (poly)vinyl ester, (poly)vinyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose and derivatives of any of these.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymer chain of repeat unit B is polyethylene glycol.

[0064] More preferably, the repeat unit B comprises a chemical structure represented by the following chemical formula (X): [ka]

[0065] In the chemical formula (X), R 8 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R 9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and n is an integer from 1 to 5, where "*" represents the point of attachment to another polymer repeat unit or to the end of the polymer.

[0066] Even more preferably, R 8 may be a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 9 may be an ethyl group, and n is an integer from 1 to 5.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surface of the core or the surface of the outermost layer of one or more shell layers of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles may be partially or completely coated with a polymer. For example, by using the ligand exchange method described in Thomas Nann, Chem. Commun., 2005, 1735-1736, DOI: 10.1039 / b-414807j, polymers can be introduced onto the surface of the core or onto the outermost layer of the core of semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one polymer represented by formula (X) is physically or chemically attached to the surface of the core or the surface of the outermost layer of the shell layer, and preferably, multiple polymers are attached to the surface of the core or the surface of the outermost layer of the shell layer.

[0069] In accordance with the present invention, in some embodiments, the content of the polymer ranges from 1% to 500% by weight, more preferably from 20% to 350% by weight, and even more preferably from 50% to 200% by weight, based on the total weight of the inorganic portion of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer ranges from 200 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol, preferably from 250 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, more preferably from 400 g / mol to 1,000 g / mol.

[0071] Molecular weight M w is determined using GPC (=gel permeation chromatography) against internal polystyrene standards.

[0072] Publicly available wetting and dispersing agents which, as polymers, can be dissolved in non-polar and / or low polarity organic solvents, may preferably be used. BYK-111, BYK-LPN6919, BYK-103, BYK-P104, BYK-163 (trademark, from BYK com), TERPLUS MD1000 series (MD1000, MD1100 (trademark, from Otsuka Chemical), etc.), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether amine (Sigma-Ald 767565 (trademark, from Sigma-Aldrich), polyester bis-MPA dendron, 32 hydroxyl, 1 thiol, (Sigma-Ald 767115 (trademark, from Sigma-Aldrich), LIPONOL DA-T / 25 (from Lion Specialty Chemicals Co.), carboxymethyl cellulose (from Polyscience, etc.), for example, “Marc Thiry et. al., ACSNANO, American Chemical society, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp 4965 – 4973, 2011”, “Kimihiro Susumu, et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, pp 9480-9496”, and other wetting and dispersing agents.

[0073] - Semiconducting and luminescent nanoparticles According to the present invention, the term "semiconductor" means a material that has, at room temperature, an electrical conductivity that is between that of a conductor (such as copper) and that of an insulator (such as glass). Preferably, a semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity increases with temperature.

[0074] The term "nano-sized" refers to a size between 0.1 nm and 999 nm, preferably between 1 nm and 150 nm, and more preferably between 3 nm and 50 nm.

[0075] Thus, according to the present invention, "semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles" is taken to mean luminescent materials which at room temperature have an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor (such as copper) and that of an insulator (such as glass) and whose size is between 0.1 nm and 999 nm, preferably 1 nm to 150 nm, more preferably 3 nm to 50 nm; preferably semiconductors are materials whose electrical conductivity increases with temperature and whose size is between 0.1 nm and 999 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 150 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 50 nm.

[0076] According to the present invention, the term "size" refers to the average diameter of the long axis of the semiconducting nano-sized luminescent particles.

[0077] The average diameter of the semiconducting nano-sized luminescent particles is calculated based on 100 semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles in a TEM image made by a Tecnai G2 Spirit Twin T-12 transmission electron microscope.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles of the present invention are quantum-sized materials.

[0079] In accordance with the present invention, the term "quantum-sized" refers to the size of the semiconducting material itself, without ligands or other surface modifications, which can exhibit quantum confinement effects, as described, for example, in ISBN:978-3-662-44822-9.

[0080] For example, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnSeS, ZnTe, ZnO, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InPZn, InPZnS, InPZnSe, InPZnSeS, InPZnGa, InPGaS, InPGaSe, InPGaSeS, InPZnGaSeS, and InPGa, InCdP, InPCdS, InPCdSe, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, CuS, CuSe, CuInS2, CuInSe2, Cu2(ZnSn)S4, Cu2(InGa)S4, TiO2 alloys and any combination thereof may be used.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first semiconducting material comprises at least one element of group 13 of the periodic table and one element of group 15 of the periodic table, preferably the element of group 13 is In and the element of group 15 is P, more preferably the first semiconducting material is selected from the group consisting of InP, InPZn, InPZnS, InPZnSe, InPZnSeS, InPZnGa, InPGaS, InPGaSe, InPGaSeS, InPZnGaSeS and InPGa.

[0082] According to the present invention, the type of shape of the core of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles and the shape of the synthesized semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles are not particularly limited.

[0083] For example, spherically shaped, elongated, star shaped, polyhedral shaped, pyramidal shaped, tetrapod shaped, tetrahedral shaped, platelet shaped, cone shaped, and irregularly shaped core and-or semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles can be synthesized.

[0084] In some embodiments of the invention, the average diameter of the core ranges from 1.5 nm to 3.5 nm.

[0085] The average diameter of the core is calculated based on 100 semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles in TEM images made by a Tecnai G2 Spirit Twin T-12 transmission electron microscope.

[0086] In some embodiments of the invention, at least one shell layer comprises or consists of a first element from group 12 of the periodic table and a second element from group 16 of the periodic table, preferably the first element is Zn and the second element is S, Se, or Te; preferably the first shell layer directly covering the core comprises or consists of a first element from group 12 of the periodic table and a second element from group 16 of the periodic table, preferably the first element is Zn and the second element is S, Se, or Te.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one shell layer (first shell layer) is represented by the following formula (XI), preferably the shell layer directly covering the core is represented by chemical formula (XI): ZnS x Se y Te z -(XI)

[0088] In the formula, 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦z≦1, and x+y+z=1, preferably 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, z=0, and x+y=1. Preferably, the shell layer is ZnSe, ZnS x Se y、 ZnSe y Te z or ZnS x Te z It is.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shell layer is an alloy shell layer or a graded shell layer, preferably the graded shell layer is ZnS. x Se y , ZnSe y Te z , or ZnS x Te z and more preferably, it is ZnSx Se y It is.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present invention, the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles further comprise a second shell layer over the shell layer, preferably the second shell layer comprises or consists of a third element from group 12 of the periodic table and a fourth element from group 16 of the periodic table, more preferably the third element is Zn and the fourth element is S, Se, or Te, provided that the fourth element and the second element are not the same.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second shell layer is represented by the following formula (XI'): ZnS x Se y Te z -(XI')

[0092] In the formula, 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦z≦1, and x+y+z=1. Preferably, the shell layer is ZnSe, ZnS x Se y , ZnSe y Te z or ZnS x Te z where the shell layer and the second shell layer are not the same.

[0093] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second shell layer can be an alloy shell layer.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present invention, the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles may further comprise one or more additional shell layers over the second shell layer as multiple shells.

[0095] According to the present invention, the term "multi-shell" means a stack of shell layers consisting of three or more shell layers.

[0096] For example, CdSe / CdS, CdSeS / CdZnS, CdSeS / CdS / ZnS, ZnSe / CdS, CdSe / ZnS, InP / ZnS, InP / ZnSe, InP / ZnSe / ZnS, I nZnP / ZnS, InZnP / ZnSe, InZnP / ZnSe / ZnS, InGaP / ZnS, InGaP / ZnSe, InGaP / ZnSe / ZnS, InZnPS / ZnS, InZnPS ZnSe, InZnPS / ZnSe / ZnS, ZnSe / CdS, ZnSe / ZnS or any combination thereof may be used. Preferably, InP / ZnS, InP / ZnSe, InP / ZnSe / ZnS, InZnP / ZnS, InZnP / ZnSe, InZnP / ZnSe / ZnS, InGaP / ZnS, InGaP / ZnSe, InGaP / ZnSe / ZnS.

[0097] Such semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles are publicly available (e.g., from Sigma-Aldrich) and / or can be synthesized using methods described, for example, in US 7,588,828B, US 8,679,543B and Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, pp 4893-4898.

[0098] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises two or more semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles. In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises a plurality of semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles ranges from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt %, preferably from 10 wt % to 70 wt %, and more preferably from 30 wt % to 50 wt %, based on the total amount of the composition.

[0100] - Ligand In some embodiments of the present invention, optionally, the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles may be directly coated with one or more ligands, or the outermost surface of the inorganic portion of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles may be directly coated with an additional ligand, and the additional ligand is further coated with a polymer.

[0101] Additional ligands include phosphines and phosphine oxides, such as trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), trioctylphosphine (TOP), and tributylphosphine (TBP); phosphonic acids, such as dodecylphosphonic acid (DDPA), tridecylphosphonic acid (TDPA), octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA), and hexylphosphonic acid (HPA); oleylamine, dodecylamine (DDA), tetradecylamine (TDA), hexadecylamine (HDA), and octadecylamine (ODA). , amines such as oleylamine (OLA), 1-octadecene (ODE), thiols such as hexadecanethiol and hexanethiol; mercaptocarboxylic acids such as mercaptopropionic acid and mercaptoundecanoic acid; carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid; acetic acid, polyethyleneimine (PEI), monofunctional PEG thiol (mPEG-thiol) or derivatives of mPEG thiol, and any combination thereof may be used.

[0102] Examples of such ligands are described, for example, in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2012 / 059931A.

[0103] - Additional materials In some embodiments of the invention, the composition may further comprise at least a second additional material, preferably the second additional material is selected from the group consisting of an organic light emitting material, an inorganic light emitting material, a charge transport material, a scattering particle, an optically transparent polymer, an antioxidant, a radical quencher, a radical quencher, a photoinitiator and a surfactant.

[0104] For example, the activator is Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , La 3+ , Ce 3+ ,Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Pm 3+ , Sm 3+ ,EU 3+ , Gd 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , Yb 3+ , Lu 3+ , Bi 3+ , Pb 2+ , Mn 2+ , Yb 2+ , Sm 2+ ,EU 2+ , Dy 2+ , Ho 2+ and any combination thereof, and the inorganic fluorescent material may be selected from the group consisting of sulfides, thiogallates, nitrides, oxynitrides, silicates, aluminates, apatites, borates, oxides, phosphates, halophosphates, sulfates, tungstates, tantalates, vanadates, molybdates, niobates, titanates, germinates, halide based phosphors, and any combination thereof.

[0105] Such suitable inorganic fluorescent materials as described above are described in the phosphor handbook, 2 nd The phosphor may be any known phosphor, including nano-sized phosphors, quantum sized materials, as mentioned in W.M. En, S. Shionoya and H. Yamamoto, J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 133(1):2311-2315, 1999, 1999, 1998, 1999, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 ...

[0106] According to the present invention, as the organic light-emitting material, any type of charge transport material publicly known materials can be preferably used, such as well-known organic fluorescent materials, organic host materials, organic dyes, organic electron transport materials, organometallic complexes, and organic hole transport materials.

[0107] As examples of scattering particles, small particles of inorganic oxides such as SiO2, SnO2, CuO, CoO, Al2O3TiO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, ZnO, ZnS, MgO, etc.; organic particles such as polymerized polystyrene, polymerized PMMA; inorganic hollow oxides such as hollow silica, or any combination of these may be preferably used.

[0108] According to the present invention, as transparent polymers, a wide variety of publicly known transparent polymers suitable for optical devices, for example as described in WO2016 / 134820A, may preferably be used.

[0109] In accordance with the present invention, the term "transparent" means at least approximately 60% incident light transmission at the thickness used in the optical medium and at the wavelength or range of wavelengths used during operation of the optical medium. Preferably, it is greater than 70%, more preferably, it is greater than 75%, and most preferably, it is greater than 80%.

[0110] According to the present invention, the term "polymer" means a material having repeating units and having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 g / mol or more.

[0111] Molecular weight M w is determined by GPC (=gel permeation chromatography) against internal polystyrene standards.

[0112] In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the transparent polymer is 70°C or higher and 250°C or lower.

[0113] The Tg is measured based on the change in heat capacity observed in differential scanning colorimetry as described in http: / / pslc.ws / macrog / dsc.htm; Rickey J Seyler, Assignment of the Glass Transition, ASTM publication code number (PCN) 04-012490-50.

[0114] For example, as transparent polymers for transparent matrix materials, poly(meth)acrylates, epoxies, polyurethanes, polysiloxanes may be preferably used.

[0115] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer, as the transparent matrix material, ranges from 1,000 to 300,000 g / mol, more preferably it is from 10,000 to 250,000 g / mol.

[0116] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of; i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer has a viscosity of 25 cP or less, preferably a viscosity ranging from 1 to 25 cP, more preferably from 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably from 2 to 10 cP, at room temperature; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and

[0117] R 1is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0118] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by; Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0119] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0120] iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least a repeat unit A comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably the repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group; And,

[0121] v') Scattering particles, preferably the scattering particles are selected from one or more members of the group consisting of inorganic oxide particles such as SiO2, SnO2, CuO, CoO, Al2O3TiO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, ZnO, ZnS, MgO particles, or organic particles such as polymerized polystyrene, polymerized PMMA particles, and inorganic hollow oxide particles such as hollow silica, more preferably it is a TiO2 particle, even more preferably the average diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.25 to 0.20 μm.

[0122] In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the first, second, and third aspects of the present invention further comprise a (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (III): [ka] In the formula, R 5 is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a (meth)acrylic group represented by the following chemical formula (IV): [ka] R 6 is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (V) [ka] is a (meth)acrylic group represented by: R 7 is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (VI) [ka] is a (meth)acrylic group represented by: In the formula, R 3a , R 3b and R 3c are, each independently or dependently of one another, at each occurrence, H or CH3;

[0123] Here, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 At least one of R is a (meth)acrylic group, and preferably R 5 , R 6 and R 7 two of them are (meth)acrylic groups, and the other one is a hydrogen atom or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms; Here, "*" represents the point of attachment to a carbon atom of formula (III).

[0124] The (meth)acrylate monomers of formula (III) are useful for improving the solidification of a layer made from the composition after inkjet printing.

[0125] According to the present invention, the publicly known (meth)acrylate monomers represented by the following chemical formula (III) can be used for improving the solidification of the layer and crosslinking after inkjet printing.

[0126] Very preferably, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is used as the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (III).

[0127] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (III), based on the total amount of (meth)acrylate monomers in the composition, is in the range of 0.001 wt.% to 25 wt.%, more preferably 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, even more preferably 1 wt.% to 10 wt.%, even more preferably 3 to 7 wt.%.

[0128] - QY calculation Quantum yield (QY) measurements of the compositions are performed using an Absolute PL quantum yield spectrometer C9920-02 (Hamamatsu Photonics KK), and the following equation is used: Quantum yield (QY) = number of photons emitted by a sample / number of photons absorbed by the sample.

[0129] - use In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of the composition in or for the fabrication of an electronic, optical, sensing or biomedical device.

[0130] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to the use of the composition for inkjet printing, preferably for large area inkjet printing.

[0131] - Optical elements In another aspect, the present invention further relates to optical elements made from the compositions of the present invention.

[0132] - Optical medium In another aspect, the present invention further relates to an optical medium comprising one or more of said optical elements. Preferably, said optical medium comprises a plurality of optical elements. For example, said optical medium comprises a plurality of red, green and blue pixels (red, green and blue optical elements).

[0133] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the elements are separated from each other by a bank structure.

[0134] In some embodiments of the invention, the optical medium can be an optical sheet, such as a colored filter, a color conversion film, a remote phosphor tape, or another film or filter.

[0135] In accordance with the present invention, the term "sheet" includes film and / or layer-like structure media.

[0136] In order to enhance the outcoupling efficiency of the optical medium containing semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles, for example, quantum size material-containing optical film, several methods have been proposed, such as incorporating scattering particles in the film and / or adjacent film, reducing the refractive index of the film by incorporating hollow silica particles, and arranging suitable shape structures (see Proceedings of SPIE, P.184, 5519-33, 2004). Among these, arranging a structure film on the quantum material-containing film is most suitable for large TV applications, where local dimming techniques are applied to achieve dynamic range. Scattering particles are detrimental to dimming techniques because they cause color blurring, and it is difficult to reduce the refractive index of the film enough to a practical level due to the limited volume of hollow silica particles. A combination of reducing the refractive index and arranging a structured film can also be applied.

[0137] - Optical Devices In another aspect, the invention further relates to an optical device including the optical medium.

[0138] In some embodiments of the invention, the optical device may be a liquid crystal display device (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a backlight unit for an optical display, a light emitting diode device (LED), a microelectromechanical system (hereinafter "MEMS"), an electrowetting display, or an electrophoretic display, a lighting device, and / or a solar cell.

[0139] The term "radiation" refers to the emission of electromagnetic waves by electronic transitions in atoms and molecules.

[0140] - Process In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a process for making the composition of the present invention comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: A) at least one (meth)acrylate represented by formula (I), having a viscosity at 25° C. of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably 2 to 20 cP, and even more preferably 2 to 10 cP; and [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0141] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0142] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(Ra )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0143] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3; and ii) other materials for obtaining the composition; Mix the above.

[0144] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a process for making the composition of the present invention comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: a) i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer has a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0145] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0146] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0147] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; amay here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0148] vi) A (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (II): [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0149] R 4 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms; or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms, and mixing to obtain the composition.

[0150] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to a process for making the composition of the present invention comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: a) i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer having a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0151] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0152] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0153] R ais, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0154] iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least a repeat unit A comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably the repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group; And,

[0155] v') scattering particles, preferably the scattering particles are selected from one or more members of the group consisting of inorganic oxide particles such as SiO2, SnO2, CuO, CoO, Al2O3TiO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, ZnO, ZnS, MgO particles or organic particles such as polymerized polystyrene, polymerized PMMA particles, and inorganic hollow oxide particles such as hollow silica, more preferably they are TiO2 particles, even more preferably the average diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.25 to 0.20 μm, Mix the above.

[0156] Further details of (meth)acrylate monomers, other materials, polymers and scattering particles are given in the sections "(meth)acrylate monomers", "Other materials", "Polymers" and "Scattering particles".

[0157] Additional additives such as those described in the "Additional Materials" section may be admixed. In accordance with the present invention, it is desirable not to add any solvent in order to achieve large area inkjet printing with improved uniformity and / or with good dispersion of semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles and / or with good dispersion of scattering particles without causing any clogging in the nozzles.

[0158] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a process for making an element or optical medium, comprising: X) Ink-jetting the composition of the present invention onto a circuit board. Y) Optionally apply photocuring of the (meth)acrylate monomer(s) using UV light irradiation.

[0159] Preferred Aspects Aspect 1. A composition comprising: i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I) having a viscosity at 25° C. of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably 2 to 20 cP, and even more preferably 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 2is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0160] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0161] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3; and ii) Alternative materials.

[0162] Embodiment 2. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the boiling point (BP) of the (meth)acrylate monomer is equal to or greater than 180°C, preferably it ranges from 180°C to 350°C, more preferably from 250°C to 350°C.

[0163] Aspect 3. A composition comprising: i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer has a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0164] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0165] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(Ra )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0166] R a is, at each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0167] vi) (meth)acrylate monomers represented by the following chemical formula (II): [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and;

[0168] R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 3is H or CH3;

[0169] R 4 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms; or an alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0170] Embodiment 4. The composition of embodiment 3, wherein the mixing ratio of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I) and the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II) ranges from 11:89 to 99:1, preferably from 20:80 to 90:10.

[0171] Embodiment 5. The composition of embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the boiling point (BP) of said (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I) and / or formula (II) is equal to or greater than 118°C, preferably it is in the range of from 118°C to 350°C, more preferably from 120°C to 350°C, even more preferably from 140°C to 350°C.

[0172] Embodiment 6. The composition of any one of embodiments 1-5 includes another material selected from one or more members of the group consisting of:

[0173] iii) at least one semiconducting luminescent nanoparticle comprising a first semiconducting nanoparticle, optionally one or more shell layers covering at least a portion of the first semiconducting nanoparticle;

[0174] iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least one repeat unit comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group;

[0175] v) Scattering particles, optically transparent polymers, antioxidants, radical quenchers, photoinitiators and surfactants.

[0176] Embodiment 7. A composition comprising: i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer has a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and;

[0177] R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0178] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0179] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a)2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0180] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0181] iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least a repeat unit A comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably the repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group; And

[0182] v') Scattering particles, preferably said scattering particles are selected from one or more members of the group consisting of inorganic oxide particles such as SiO2, SnO2, CuO, CoO, Al2O3TiO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, ZnO, ZnS, MgO particles or organic particles such as polymerized polystyrene, polymerized PMMA particles, and inorganic hollow oxide particles such as hollow silica, more preferably it is a TiO2 particle, even more preferably the diameter of the particle is in the range of 0.25 to 0.20 μm.

[0183] Embodiment 8. The composition of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the composition further comprises a (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (III): [ka] In the formula, R 5 is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (IV) [ka] is a (meth)acrylic group represented by:

[0184] R 6 is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (V) [ka] is a (meth)acrylic group represented by: R 7 is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (VI) [ka] is a (meth)acrylic group represented by: In the formula, R 3a , R 3b and R 3care, each independently or dependently of one another, at each occurrence, H or CH3;

[0185] In the formula, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 At least one of R is a (meth)acrylic group, and preferably R 5 , R 6 and R 7 Two of them are (meth)acrylic groups, and the other one is a hydrogen atom or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.

[0186] Aspect 9. The composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 8 is a solvent-free composition, and preferably the composition is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; diethylene glycol dialkyl ethers, such as diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dipropyl ether, and diethylene glycol dibutyl ether; propylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), propylene glycol monoethyl ether, and propylene glycol monopropyl ether; ethylene glycol alkyl ether acetates, such as methyl cellosolve acetate and ethyl cellosolve acetate; propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monoethyl ether, and propylene glycol monopropyl ether; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl amyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerin; esters such as ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, and ethyl lactate; and cyclic asters such as gamma-butyro-lactone; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzene, and preferably the solvent is propylene glycol alkyl ether acetate, alkyl acetate, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, propylene glycol, and propylene glycol monoalkyl ether.

[0187] Embodiment 10. The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9 comprises at least a (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I), a (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II), and a (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (III), and the mixing ratio of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I): the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II): the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (III) ranges from 10:89:1 to 50:40:10, preferably from 15:82:3 to 30:60:10.

[0188] Embodiment 11. The composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the repeat unit A has the following formula (VII): NR 4 R 5 R 6 - -(VII) and a tertiary amine represented by

[0189] In the formula, R 4 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 4 and R 5 may be the same or different from each other; R 6 represents a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a (poly)oxaalkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0190] Embodiment 12. The composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the polymer is a copolymer selected from the group consisting of a graft copolymer, a block copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a random copolymer, preferably the copolymer comprises a repeat unit A and a repeat unit B, wherein the repeat unit B does not comprise any of a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, and combinations thereof, more preferably the copolymer is a block copolymer represented by the following chemical formula (VIII) or (IX): A n -B m - (VIII) B o -A n -B m - (IX)

[0191] wherein the symbol "A" represents repeat unit A; the symbol "B" is taken to mean repeat unit B; the symbols "n", "m" and "o" at each occurrence, independently or dependently of one another, are integers from 1 to 100, preferably from 5 to 75, more preferably from 10 to 50; and even more preferably, the repeat unit B comprises a polymer chain selected from the group consisting of (poly)ethylene, (poly)phenylene, polydivinylbenzene, (poly)ether, (poly)ester, (poly)amide, (poly)urethane, (poly)carbonate, polylactic acid, (poly)vinyl ester, (poly)vinyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose and derivatives of any of these.

[0192] Embodiment 13. A composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, the first semiconducting material comprises at least one element of group 13 of the periodic table and at least one element of group 15 of the periodic table, preferably the group 13 element is In and the group 15 element is P, more preferably the first semiconducting material is selected from the group consisting of InP, InPZn, InPZnS, InPZnSe, InPZnSeS, InPZnGa, InPGaS, InPGaSe, InPGaSeS, InPZnGaSeS, and InPGa.

[0193] Embodiment 14. The composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one shell layer comprises a first element from Group 12 of the periodic table and a second element from Group 16 of the periodic table, preferably the first element is Zn or Cd, and preferably the second element is S, Se, or Te.

[0194] Embodiment 15. The composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one shell layer has formula (XI): ZnS x Se y Te z、 - (XI) is represented by In the formula, 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦z≦1, and x+y+z=1, preferably 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, z=0, and x+y=1.

[0195] Embodiment 16. The composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the shell layer of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles is a double shell layer.

[0196] Embodiment 17. A composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments. wherein the composition further comprises at least a second additional material, preferably the additional material is selected from the group consisting of an organic light-emitting material, an inorganic light-emitting material, a charge transport material, an optically transparent polymer, an antioxidant, a radical quencher, a photoinitiator and a surfactant.

[0197] Embodiment 18. The composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the composition comprises a plurality of semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles.

[0198] Embodiment 19. The composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the total amount of semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles ranges from 0.1 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably from 10 wt.% to %, and more preferably from 30 wt.% to 50 wt.%, based on the total amount of the composition.

[0199] Embodiment 20. Use of a composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in an electronic device, an optical device, a sensing device, or in a biomedical device, or for making an electronic device, a sensing device, an optical device, or a biomedical device.

[0200] Embodiment 21. An optical element made from the composition of any one of embodiments 1-19.

[0201] Embodiment 22. An optical medium comprising one or more of the optical elements according to embodiment 21.

[0202] Embodiment 23. An optical device comprising at least one optical medium of embodiment 22.

[0203] Embodiment 24. A process for making the composition of any one of embodiments 1-2, 6, 8-19, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: B) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I): i) having a viscosity of 25 cP or less, preferably 1 to 25 cP, more preferably 2 to 20 cP, and even more preferably 2 to 10 cP at 25° C.; and [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0204] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0205] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a and one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be substituted by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0206] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; amay here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3; and ii) another material; and mixing to obtain the composition.

[0207] Embodiment 25. A process for making the composition of any one of embodiments 3-6, 8-19, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: a) i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer having a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and;

[0208] R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0209] R 2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0210] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0211] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may also here, together with one another, form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0212] vi) (meth)acrylate monomers represented by the following chemical formula (II): [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] and;

[0213] R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0214] R 4 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms; or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms; and mixing to obtain the composition.

[0215] Embodiment 26. A process for making the composition of any one of embodiments 7-19, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: a) i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (I), preferably the (meth)acrylate monomer has a viscosity at room temperature of 25 cP or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 25 cP, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 cP, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 cP; [ka] During the ceremony, X 1 teeth, [ka] ; and; R 1 is a linear alkylene chain or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1;

[0216] R2 is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R a may be replaced by;

[0217] Preferably, the cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group is a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, which in each case is represented by one or more radicals R a where one or more non-adjacent CH groups are replaced by R a C=CR a , C≡C, Si(R a )2, Ge(R a )2, Sn(R a )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR a , P(=O)(R a ), SO, SO2, NR a , OS, or CONR a and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;

[0218] R a is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; a may here also form, together with one another, a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R 3 is H or CH3;

[0219] iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least a repeat unit A comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably the repeat unit A comprises a tertiary amine, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphonic acid, or a phosphate group; And,

[0220] v') scattering particles, preferably the scattering particles are selected from one or more members of the group consisting of inorganic oxide particles such as SiO2, SnO2, CuO, CoO, Al2O3TiO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, ZnO, ZnS, MgO particles or organic particles such as polymerized polystyrene, polymerized PMMA particles, and inorganic hollow oxide particles such as hollow silica, more preferably it is TiO2 particles, even more preferably the average diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.25 to 0.20 μm, Mix the above.

[0221] Further details of (meth)acrylate monomers, other materials, polymers and scattering particles are given in the sections "(meth)acrylate monomers", "Other materials", "Polymers" and "Scattering particles".

[0222] Additional additives described in the "Additional Materials" section may be admixed. In accordance with the present invention, it is desirable to avoid adding any solvent in order to achieve large area inkjet printing with improved uniformity without causing any clogging in the nozzles, and / or with good dispersion of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles, and / or with good dispersion of the scattering particles.

[0223] Embodiment 27. A process for making an element or optical medium, comprising: X) Ink-jetting the composition of any one of embodiments 1-19 onto a circuit board. Y) Optionally applying photocuring of the (meth)acrylate monomer(s) by UV light irradiation.

[0224] Technical Effects of the Invention The present invention provides one or more of the following advantages: Improved uniform dispersion of semiconductive nanoparticles in the composition, improved uniform dispersion of scattering particles in the composition, preferably improved uniform dispersion of both semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles and scattering particles, more preferably improved uniform dispersion of semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles and / or scattering particles without the use of solvents; compositions having lower viscosity suitable for inkjet printing, preferably compositions that are even more preferably solvent-free and can maintain a lower viscosity even when mixed with high loadings of semiconductive luminescent nanoparticles and / or scattering particles; compositions having lower vapor pressure for uniform printing of large areas;

[0225] Improved QY of the semiconducting nanoparticles in the composition, improved QY of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles after printing; improved thermal stability; easy printing without clogging in the printing nozzle; easy handling of the composition, improved printing properties; simple fabrication process; improved blue light absorption; improved solidification of the layer made from the composition after inkjet printing.

[0226] The following Examples 1-5 provide a description of the present invention as well as a detailed description of their preparation.

[0227] Working Example Example 1 : Preparation of monomer mixed ink composition using 40wt% green Cd-free QM 2.85 g of 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate (TBCH, from BASF), 2.85 g of lauryl acrylate (LA, from Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.3 g of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA, from Sigma-Aldrich) are mixed, and 0.01 g of dispersant (DISPERBYK-111, BYK) is dispersed in the resulting mixture by ultrasonication. Then, 0.5 g of scattering beads (CR-67, Ishihara Sangyo) are mixed with the resulting mixture by ultrasonication and milling with zirconium beads. 42 ml of a green Cd-free QM toluene solution (Merck) containing 4.0 g of solid QM and 0.1 g of photoinitiator (Omnirad 819, IGM RESINS BV) are mixed with the resulting mixture by sonication and the toluene is evaporated at 40° C. under low pressure.

[0228] Degassing of the resulting ink composition is carried out in a desiccator by a vacuum pump for inkjetting with a printer (Dimatix DMP-2831). The degassed ink is filled into a cartridge tank with a 5.0 um pore size filter.

[0229] Comparative Example 1 : Preparation of a single monomer, which uses 40 wt% green Cd-free QM and has little compatibility with long-chain aliphatic structures 0.01 g of dispersant (DISPERBYK-111, BYK) is dispersed in 6.0 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA) (Sigma-Aldrich, BP: 87°C) by ultrasonication. 0.5 g of scattering beads (CR-67, Ishihara Sangyo) are then mixed with the resulting mixture by ultrasonication and milling with zirconium beads. 42 ml of green Cd-free QM toluene solution (Merck) containing 4.0 g of solid QM, and 0.1 g of photoinitiator (Omnirad 819, IGM RESINS BV) are mixed with the resulting mixture by ultrasonication, and the toluene is evaporated at 40°C under low pressure.

[0230] Degassing of the resulting ink for inkjetting by a printer (Dimatix DMP-2831) is carried out in a desiccator by a vacuum pump. The degassed ink is filled into a cartridge tank using a 5.0 um pore size filter.

[0231] Example 2 : Preparation of a monomer-mixed ink composition with 40 wt% green Cd-free QM An ink composition is prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1, except that MD1000 was used instead of BYK-111 (Ishihara Sangyo). As a result, the scattering beads (CR-67, Ishihara Sangyo) are more uniformly dispersed in the composition for a longer period of time than in the results of Example 1.

[0232] Example 3 : Preparation of monomer mixed ink composition using 40wt% green Cd-free QM An ink composition is prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1, except that MD1100 was used instead of BYK-111 (Ishihara Sangyo). As a result, the scattering beads (CR-67, Ishihara Sangyo) are more uniformly dispersed in the composition for a longer period of time than in the results of Example 1.

[0233] Example 4: Optical appearance of the composition Fluorescence micrograph images of the samples from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were made by an Olympus BX-51 equipped with a fluorescent mirror unit U-MWIB3. Table 1 shows the findings. [Table 1]

[0234] Example 5: Inkjetting and optical findings Inkjetting is performed on a glass substrate with a fine pixel pattern (230 μm*74 μm) using a Dimatix DMP-2831 under printing conditions (printing voltage: 33 V; pulse width: 2.5 μsec, at room temperature). Table 2 shows the results of inkjetting of the compositions. [Table 2]

Claims

1. A composition comprising: i) at least one (meth)acrylate monomer represented by formula (I): 【Chemistry 1】 During the ceremony, X １ teeth, 【Chemistry 2】 and R １ is a linear alkylene or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R ２ is a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is represented by one or more radicals R ａ may be substituted by; R ａ is, for each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where an H atom may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I; ａ may here also together form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R ３ is H or CH ３ That is, vi) a (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (II): 【Chemistry 3】 During the ceremony, X １ teeth, 【Chemistry 4】 and R １ is a linear alkylene or alkoxylene chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R ３ is H or CH ３ and R ４ is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms; or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, and iii) at least one semiconducting luminescent nanoparticle comprising a first semiconducting material, and optionally one or more shell layers covering at least a portion of the first semiconducting material.

2. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixing weight ratio of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I) and the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II) ranges from 11:89 to 99:

1.

3. 3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomers of formula (I) and / or formula (II) have a boiling point (B.P.) of 118°C or higher.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising another material selected from one or more members listed in groups iv) and v); iv) at least one polymer; wherein the polymer comprises at least a repeat unit A comprising a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a thiol group, a tertiary amine, a carboxyl group, a heterocyclic group, a silane group, a sulfonic acid, a hydroxyl group, a phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof; v) Scattering particles, optically transparent polymers, antioxidants, radical quenchers, photoinitiators and surfactants.

5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following formula (III): 【Chemistry 5】 In the formula, R ３ is H or CH ３ and R ５ is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (IV): 【Chemistry 6】 is a (meth)acrylic group represented by R ６ is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (V) 【Chemistry 7】 is a (meth)acrylic group represented by R ７ is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (VI) 【Chemistry 8】 is a (meth)acrylic group represented by In the formula, R ３ａ , R ３ｂ and R ３ｃ each independently or depending on each other, each occurrence represents H or CH ３ and Here, R ５ , R ６ and R ７ At least one of the groups is a (meth)acrylic group.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition is a solvent-free composition.

7. At least a (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I), a (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II), and a (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (III). 【Chemistry 9】 In the formula, R ３ is H or CH ３ and R ５ is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (IV): 【Chemistry 10】 is a (meth)acrylic group represented by R ６ is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (V) 【Chemistry 11】 is a (meth)acrylic group represented by R ７ is a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the chemical formula (VI) 【Chemistry 12】 is a (meth)acrylic group represented by In the formula, R ３ａ , R ３ｂ and R ３ｃ each independently or depending on each other, each occurrence represents H or CH ３ and Here, R ５ , R ６ and R ７ At least one of the groups is a (meth)acrylic group.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the mixing weight ratio of the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (I): the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (II): the (meth)acrylate monomer of formula (III) is in the range of 10:89:1 to 50:40:

10.

8. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the polymer is a copolymer selected from the group consisting of graft copolymers, block copolymers, alternating copolymers, and random copolymers.

9. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first semiconducting material comprises at least one element from Group 13 of the periodic table and one element from Group 15 of the periodic table.

10. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one shell layer comprises a first element from Group 12 of the periodic table and a second element from Group 16 of the periodic table.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least one shell layer is represented by the following formula (XI): ZnS ｘ Se ｙ Te ｚ () wherein 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦z≦1, and x+y+z=1.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the shell layer of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles is a double shell layer.

13. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising at least a second additional material.

14. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a plurality of semiconducting, luminescent nanoparticles.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the total amount of the semiconducting luminescent nanoparticles ranges from 0.1 wt. % to 90 wt. %, based on the total amount of the composition.

16. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15 in an electronic, optical, sensing or biomedical device or for making an electronic, optical, sensing or biomedical device.

17. An optical element made from the composition of any one of claims 1 to 15.

18. 20. An optical medium comprising one or more of the optical elements according to claim 17.

19. 20. An optical device comprising at least one optical medium according to claim 18.

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