Vehicle interior system having curved cover glass and display or touch panel and method of forming same

Abstract

To provide vehicle interior systems that can incorporate a curved glass substrate in a cost-effective manner without problems with glass thermal forming processes.SOLUTION: Embodiments of a vehicle interior system are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the system includes a base with a curved surface, and a display 130 or touch panel disposed on the curved surface. The display includes a cold-bent glass substrate 140 with a thickness of 1.5 mm or less and a first radius of curvature of 20 mm or more, and a display module 150 and / or touch panel attached to the glass substrate and having a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. Methods for forming such systems are also disclosed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Priority

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 599,928, filed December 18, 2017, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 548,026, filed August 21, 2017, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 530,579, filed July 10, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 530,579, filed July 7, 2017, the contents of which are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. No. 62 / 529782, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119; No. 15 / 860850, which was filed on January 3, 2018, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120; No. 15 / 877724, which was filed on January 23, 2018, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120.

[0002] This application also claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 615,200, filed January 9, 2018, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 599,928, filed December 18, 2017, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 548,026, filed August 21, 2017, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 530,579, filed July 10, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 529,782, filed July 7, 2017, the contents of which are relied upon and are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. In addition, this application is a division of Patent Application No. 2019-552104, filed on May 25, 2023. [Technical field]

[0003] The present disclosure relates to vehicle interior systems having curved cover glass and methods of forming the same, and more particularly, to vehicle interior systems having a display and / or touch panel with a curved cover glass and methods of forming the same. [Background technology]

[0004] Vehicle interiors can include curved surfaces incorporating displays and / or touch panels. Materials used to form such curved surfaces are generally limited to polymers. Polymers do not exhibit the durability and optical performance of glass. Thus, curved glass substrates are desirable, especially when used as covers for displays and / or touch panels. Existing methods of forming curved glass substrates, such as thermoforming, have drawbacks including high cost and optical distortions and / or surface patterns that occur during bending or forming. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a vehicle interior system that can incorporate curved glass substrates in a cost-effective manner without the problems typically associated with glass thermoforming processes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a vehicle interior system. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system comprises a base having a curved surface, and a display disposed on the curved surface. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, throughout this disclosure, where a display or display module is used, a touch panel may be used instead of or in addition to the display or display module. The display of one or more embodiments comprises a cold bent glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, where the thickness is 1.5 mm or less, and the second major surface has a first radius of curvature of 20 mm or more, 60 mm or more, or 250 mm or more. Unless otherwise specified, the curvatures described herein may be convex, concave, or have a combination of convex and concave portions having the same or different radii from one another.

[0007] The display may comprise a display module attached to a second major surface of a curved glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the display module is flat, curved, or flexible. In one or more specific embodiments, the display (or a portion thereof, such as the second glass substrate) has a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In one or more specific embodiments, the first radius of curvature may be within 10% of the radius of curvature or the second radius of curvature of the curved surface of the base onto which the vehicle interior system is assembled. The display may further comprise an adhesive between the glass substrate and the display module. The display module of one or more embodiments comprises a second glass substrate and an optional backlight unit, where the second glass substrate is disposed adjacent to the first major surface and between the optional backlight unit and the first major surface, and where either or both of the second glass substrate and the optional backlight unit are curved to exhibit the second radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, only the second glass substrate is curved to the second radius of curvature, while the remainder of the display module is flat.

[0008] A second aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of forming a display, in one or more embodiments, the method comprises cold bending a glass substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface to a first radius of curvature measured at the second major surface, and laminating a display module to the first major surface while maintaining the first radius of curvature on the glass substrate to form a display. In one or more embodiments, the display module (or a portion thereof, such as a second glass substrate) has a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, cold bending the glass substrate may include drawing a vacuum on the second major surface to produce the first radius of curvature. The method may include laminating an adhesive to the glass substrate prior to laminating the display module, such that the adhesive is disposed between the glass substrate and the display module. In one or more embodiments, laminating the display module may include laminating a second glass substrate to the glass substrate and attaching a backlight unit to the second glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the method includes curving either or both of the second glass substrate and the backlight unit to a second radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, only the second glass substrate is curved to the second radius of curvature, while the remainder of the display module (e.g., the backlight unit) is flat.

[0009] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of cold bending a glass substrate, the method comprising supporting a glass substrate on a frame. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface, the frame having a curved support surface. The first major surface of the glass substrate may face the curved support surface of the frame. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises applying an air pressure differential to the glass substrate while supported by the frame to bend the glass substrate such that the glass substrate conforms to the curved shape of the curved support surface of the frame to form a curved glass substrate. The first major surface of the curved glass substrate includes a curved portion, and the second major surface of the curved glass substrate includes a curved portion. In one or more embodiments, during the application of the air pressure differential, a maximum temperature of the glass substrate is less than a glass softening point of the glass substrate.

[0010] Yet another aspect of the disclosure relates to a frame for a vehicle interior system. In one or more embodiments, the frame for a vehicle interior system comprises a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, with a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width. In one or more embodiments, the frame for a vehicle interior system comprises a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface for accommodating a display module, optionally curved. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the first frame surface has a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more, and the first frame surface can be attached to a glass substrate having a width greater than the frame width or a length greater than the frame length.

[0011] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a coverglass-frame system for a vehicle interior system. In one or more embodiments, the coverglass-frame system includes a frame having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width; and a glass substrate disposed on and attached to the first frame surface, the glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces, the glass substrate having a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, the glass substrate width being equal to or greater than the frame width, the glass substrate length being equal to or greater than the frame length, and the thickness being equal to or less than 1.5 mm. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate completely covers the frame opening.

[0012] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a method of forming a cover glazing system for a vehicle interior system, comprising mounting a glass substrate to a frame as a carrier, the frame having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width, and a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an interior surface connecting the first and second frame surfaces. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate completely covers the frame opening.

[0013] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of forming a coverglass system for a vehicle interior system, comprising providing a coverglass-frame system according to one or more embodiments described herein, and disposing a display module in an interior surface of the frame opening, the display module having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length.

[0014] Additional features and advantages are set forth in the following detailed description, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description, or will be learned by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the following detailed description, the claims, and the accompanying drawings.

[0015] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation of the various embodiments. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle interior having a vehicle interior system according to one or more embodiments. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a side view of a display including a curved glass substrate and a curved display module according to one or more embodiments. [Diagram 3] Side view of the glass substrate used in the display of Figure 2 [Figure 4] A front perspective view of the glass substrate of FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 3 is a detailed view of an embodiment of the display module of FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a detailed view of an alternative embodiment of a display module; [Figure 7] Figure 2. Display detail [Figure 8] 1 is a flow diagram of a method for forming a display according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 9] Illustrative diagram of the method described in FIG. [Figure 10] 1 is a flow diagram of a process for forming a display according to another exemplary embodiment; [Figure 11] 1 is a flow diagram of a process for forming a display according to another exemplary embodiment; [Figure 12] 12 is a detailed view of the process of FIG. 11 according to another exemplary embodiment. [Figure 13] 1 is a flow diagram of a process for forming a display according to another exemplary embodiment; [Figure 14] 1 is a perspective view of a display according to an example embodiment; [Figure 15]15 is a side view of the display of FIG. 14, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 16A] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16B] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16C] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16D] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16E] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16F] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16G] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16H] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 16I] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17A] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17B] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17C] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17D] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17E] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17F] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17G] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17H] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 17I] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 18A] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 18B] FIG. 1 is a side view of a kit according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 19A] FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a method for forming a display. [Figure 19B] FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a method for forming a display. [Figure 19C] FIG. 1 is a side view of another embodiment of a method for forming a display. [Figure 19D] FIG. 1 is a side view of another embodiment of a method for forming a display. [Figure 19E] FIG. 1 is a side view of another embodiment of a method for forming a display. [Figure 20A] Perspective view of snap-on feature of frame [Figure 20B] FIG. 20B is a front exploded view of the frame shown in FIG. 20A prior to assembly with the vehicle interior system. [Figure 20C] FIG. 20B is a rear exploded view of the frame shown in FIG. 20A prior to assembly with the vehicle interior system. [Figure 20D] FIG. 20B and 20C show the assembled frame and vehicle interior system. [Figure 21] FIG. 1 is a front plan view of a frame according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 22] 1 is an exploded view of an example display according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 23] 22 is a side view of the frame width shown in FIG. 21 with a bezel, according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 24] 22 is a side view of the frame width shown in FIG. 21 with a bezel, according to one or more alternative embodiments. [Figure 25A] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of forming a cover glass system for a vehicle interior system, according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 25B] Continued from Figure 25A [Figure 25C] Continued from Figure 25B [Figure 25D] Continued from Figure 25C DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In general, vehicle interior systems may include a variety of different curved surfaces designed to be transparent, such as viewing surfaces, and the present disclosure provides articles and methods for forming these curved surfaces from glass materials. Forming curved vehicle surfaces from glass materials has numerous advantages over typical curved plastic panels traditionally found in vehicle interiors. For example, glass is generally believed to provide improved functionality and user experience for many curved cover material applications, such as display and touch screen applications, compared to plastic cover materials.

[0018] Curved glass articles are generally formed using a hot forming process. As described herein, various curved glass articles and processes for their manufacture are provided that avoid the deficiencies of typical glass hot forming processes. For example, hot forming processes are energy intensive and increase the cost of forming curved glass members compared to the cold bending process described herein. In addition, hot forming processes generally make the application of coatings, such as anti-reflective coatings, significantly more difficult, because many coating materials cannot be applied to flat pieces of glass material prior to the hot forming process, since the coating materials generally cannot withstand the high temperatures of the hot forming process. Furthermore, applying coating materials to the surface of a curved glass substrate after hot bending that also meets performance requirements is significantly more difficult than applying them to a flat glass substrate. Moreover, by avoiding the additional high temperature heating step required for hot forming, glass articles produced by the cold bending process and system described herein may have improved optical properties and / or improved surface properties than glass articles of similar shapes produced by hot forming processes.

[0019] In addition to these advantages over plastic cover sheets and hot-formed cover glass, the systems and processes disclosed herein perform cold bending of thin glass substrates in an economical and efficient process. In one or more embodiments, air pressure (e.g., vacuum or overpressure) is used to bend the glass substrate to quickly and accurately conform it to the curved frame. Moreover, in some specific embodiments, the systems and processes described herein perform such bending and additional curing of adhesives within the scope of common equipment and / or common processing steps. Moreover, the processes and systems described herein can also attach display components to the glass cover substrate during bending using common equipment and / or common processing steps.

[0020] A first aspect of the present application relates to a vehicle interior system, various embodiments of which may be incorporated into vehicles such as trains, automobiles (e.g., cars, trucks, buses, etc.), marine vehicles (boats, ships, submarines, etc.), and aircraft (e.g., drones, planes, jets, helicopters, etc.).

[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary vehicle interior 10 including three different embodiments of vehicle interior systems 100, 200, 300. Vehicle interior system 100 includes a center console base 110 having a curved surface 120 that includes a display 130. Vehicle interior system 200 includes a dashboard base 210 having a curved surface 220 that includes a display 230. Dashboard base 210 generally includes an instrument panel 215, which may also include a display. Vehicle interior system 300 includes a steering wheel base 310 having a curved surface 320 and a display 330. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system may include a base that is an armrest, pillar, seat back, floor panel, headrest, door panel, or any portion of a vehicle interior that includes a curved surface.

[0022] The display embodiments described herein may be used interchangeably in each of the vehicle interior systems 100, 200, and 300. Additionally, the curved glass substrates described herein may be used as curved cover glass for any of the display embodiments described herein, including for use in the vehicle interior systems 100, 200, and / or 300. As used herein, the term "glass substrate" is used in its broadest sense to include any object made entirely or partially of glass. Glass substrates include laminates of glass and non-glass materials, laminates of glass and crystalline materials, and glass ceramics (including amorphous and crystalline phases). The glass substrate may be transparent or opaque. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may include a colorant that imparts a particular color.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 2, in one or more embodiments, the display 130 comprises a cold bent curved glass substrate 140 having a first radius of curvature and a display module 150 attached to the glass substrate, where at least a portion of the display module 150 has a second radius of curvature that approximates or matches the first radius of curvature to provide the display with a curved glass substrate as a cover glass that can be incorporated into a curved surface of a vehicle interior system.

[0024] 3 and 4, a glass substrate 140 has a first major surface 142 and a second major surface 144 opposite the first major surface. The cold bent glass substrate exhibits a first radius of curvature measured on the second major surface 144.

[0025] As used herein, the term "cold bent" or "cold bending" refers to bending a glass substrate at a cold bending temperature below the softening point of glass (as described herein). The term "cold bendable" refers to the ability of a glass substrate to be cold bent. A cold bent glass substrate is characterized by asymmetric surface compressive stress between the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144. A minor surface 146 connects the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144. In one or more embodiments, the compressive stresses at the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144 of the glass substrate, respectively, are substantially equal prior to the cold bending process or prior to being cold bent. In one or more embodiments in which the glass substrate is not tempered, the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144 do not exhibit appreciable compressive stress prior to cold bending. In one or more embodiments where the glass substrate is strengthened (as described herein), the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144 exhibit substantially equal compressive stresses relative to one another prior to cold bending. In one or more embodiments, after cold bending (e.g., as shown in Figures 2 and 7), the compressive stress on the surface that has a concave shape after bending (e.g., the first major surface 142 in Figures 2 and 7) is increased. In other words, the compressive stress on the concave surface (e.g., the first major surface 142) is greater after cold bending than it was prior to cold bending. Without being bound by theory, the cold bending process increases the compressive stress of the glass substrate being formed to offset the tensile stress imparted during the bending and / or forming operation. In one or more embodiments, the cold bending process causes the concave surface (the second major surface 144) to experience compressive stresses, while the surface that forms a convex shape after cold bending (i.e., the second major surface 144 in Figures 2 and 7) to experience tensile stresses. The tensile stress experienced by the convex surface (i.e., second major surface 144) after cold bending results in a net reduction in surface compressive stress such that the compressive stress at the convex surface (i.e., second major surface 144) of the strengthened glass substrate after cold bending is less than the compressive stress at the same surface (i.e., second major surface 144) when the glass substrate is flat.

[0026] When a tempered glass substrate is utilized, the first and second major surfaces (142, 144) have substantially equal compressive stresses relative to one another prior to cold bending, and therefore the first major surface can experience greater tensile stresses during cold bending without risking fracture, allowing the tempered glass substrate to conform to tighter curves or curved shapes.

[0027] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the glass substrate is adjusted so that the glass substrate is more flexible to obtain a desired radius of curvature. Additionally, a thinner glass substrate 140 will deform more easily, which could potentially compensate for shape inconsistencies and gaps that may occur due to the shape of the display module 150 (when curved). In one or more embodiments, a thin tempered glass substrate 140 exhibits greater flexibility, especially during cold bending. The greater flexibility of the glass substrate described herein may allow the pneumatic bending process described herein to produce a sufficient degree of bending and allow consistent bending without heating. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate 140 and at least a portion of the display module 150 have a substantially similar radius of curvature to provide a substantially uniform distance (filled with adhesive) between the first major surface 142 and the display module 150.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the cold-bent glass substrate (and optionally, the curved display module) may have a compound curve that includes a major radius and a cross curvature. The complexly curved cold-bent glass substrate (and optionally, the curved display module) according to one or more embodiments may have separate radii of curvature in two independent directions. According to one or more embodiments, the complexly curved glass substrate (and optionally, the curved display module) may therefore be characterized as having a "cross curvature", where the cold-bent glass substrate (and optionally, the curved display module) is curved along an axis parallel to a given dimension (i.e., a first axis) and also curved along an axis perpendicular to that same dimension (i.e., a second axis). The curvature of the cold-bent glass substrate (and optionally, the curved display module) may become even more complex when a significant minimum radius is combined with a significant cross curvature and / or a bend depth.

[0029] In the illustrated embodiment, the glass substrate has a thickness (t) that is substantially constant and is defined as the distance between the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144. As used herein, thickness (t) refers to the maximum thickness of the glass substrate. In the embodiment shown in Figures 3-4, the glass substrate has a width (W) defined as a first maximum dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness (t), and a length (L) defined as a second maximum dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width. In other embodiments, the dimensions stated herein may be average dimensions.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a thickness (t) of about 1.5 mm or less.For example, the thickness may be from about 0.01 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.02 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.03 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.04 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.05 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.06 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.07 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.08 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.09 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.4 mm m to about 1.5 mm, about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.05 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.95 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.8 5mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.8mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.75mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.7mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.65mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.6mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.55mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.5mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.4mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.3mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.2mm, about 0.01mm to about 0.1mm, about 0.04mm to about 0.07mm, about 0.1mm to about 1.4mm, about 0.1mm to about 1.3mm, about 0.1mm to about 1.2mm , about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.05 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.85 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.75 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.65 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, or about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a thickness of about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, The width (W) ranges from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, from about 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, from about 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, from about 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about 5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cm to about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm to about 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about 150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130 cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, from about 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a thickness of about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, The length (L) ranges from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, from about 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, from about 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, from about 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about 5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cm to about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm to about 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about 150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130 cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, from about 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0033] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened to include compressive stresses extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress areas are balanced by a central portion exhibiting tensile stress. At the DOC, the stresses cross over from compressive to tensile. The compressive and tensile stresses are given herein as absolute values.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be mechanically strengthened by exploiting the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between portions of the article to create areas of compressive stress and a central region that exhibits tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass substrate may be thermally strengthened by heating the glass above its glass transition temperature and then quenching.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass substrate are replaced - i.e., exchanged - with larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In embodiments where the glass substrate is made from an alkali aluminosilicate glass, the ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are Li + , Ka + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + Alternatively, the monovalent cations in the surface layer are Ag + The glass substrate may be substituted with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as . In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass substrate create stress.

[0036] The ion exchange process is generally carried out by immersing the glass substrate in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing the larger ions to be exchanged for the smaller ions in the glass substrate. It should be noted that an aqueous salt bath may be utilized. Moreover, the composition of the bath may contain multiple types of larger ions (e.g., Na + and K. +) or one type of larger ion. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the parameters of the ion exchange process, including but not limited to the bath composition and temperature, immersion time, number of immersions of the glass substrate in a salt bath (or salt baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as slow cooling, washing, etc., are generally determined by the composition of the glass substrate (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass substrate resulting from the strengthening. Exemplary molten bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4, and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath generally ranges from about 380°C to about 450°C, while the immersion time ranges from about 15 minutes to about 100 hours, depending on the thickness of the glass substrate, the temperature of the bath, and the diffusivity of the glass (or monovalent ions). However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above may also be used.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 having a temperature of about 370° C. to about 480° C. In some embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath including about 1% to about 99% KNO3 and about 1% to about 99% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a first bath and then in a second bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and / or temperatures. The immersion times in the first and second baths may vary. For example, the immersion in the first bath may be longer than the immersion in the second bath.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath including NaNO3 and KNO3 (e.g., 49% / 51%, 50% / 50%, 51% / 49%) having a temperature less than about 420° C. (e.g., about 400° C. or about 380° C.) for less than about 5 hours, or even less than about 4 hours.

[0039] The ion exchange conditions can be tailored to increase the gradient, or to provide a "spike" in the stress profile at or near the surface of the resulting glass substrate, which would result in a larger surface CS value. This spike can be achieved with a single bath or multiple baths, which may have a single composition or a mixture of compositions due to the specific nature of the glass compositions used in the glass substrates described herein.

[0040] In one or more embodiments in which multiple monovalent ions are exchanged into the glass substrate, different monovalent ions may be exchanged to different depths within the glass substrate (producing different amounts of stress within the glass substrate at different depths), and the resulting relative depths of the stress-producing ions can be determined, thereby producing different characteristics of the stress profile.

[0041] CS is measured by means known in the art, such as with a surface stress meter (FSM) using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Seisakusho Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurements rely on precise measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC is then measured by methods known in the art, such as the fiber and four-point bending methods and the bulk cylinder method, both of which are described in ASTM standard C770-98 (2013), entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient," the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety. As used herein, CS may be the "maximum compressive stress," which is the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass substrate. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, giving the compressive profile the appearance of a "buried peak."

[0042] DOC can be measured by FSM or by a Scattered Light Polariscope (SCALP) (such as the SCALP-04 Scattered Light Polariscope available from Glasstress Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia) depending on the strengthening method and conditions. If the glass substrate is chemically strengthened by an ion exchange process, then FSM or SCALP is used depending on which ions are exchanged into the glass substrate. If the stress in the glass substrate is caused by the exchange of potassium ions into the glass substrate, then FSM is used to measure the DOC. If the stress in the glass substrate is caused by the exchange of sodium ions into the glass substrate, then SCALP is used to measure the DOC. If the stress in the glass substrate is caused by the exchange of both potassium and sodium ions into the glass, then DOC is measured by SCALP. Because the exchange depth of the sodium ions represents the DOC, and the exchange depth of the potassium ions is considered to represent the change in the magnitude of the compressive stress (and not the change in stress from compressive to tensile); the exchange depth of the potassium ions in such glass substrates is measured by FSM. Central tension or CT is the maximum tensile stress and is measured by SCALP.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened to exhibit a DOC, which is expressed as a fraction of the thickness, t, of the glass substrate (as described herein). For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about 0.05t or more, about 0.1t or more, about 0.11t or more, about 0.12t or more, about 0.13t or more, about 0.14t or more, about 0.15t or more, about 0.16t or more, about 0.17t or more, about 0.18t or more, about 0.19t or more, about 0.2t or more, or about 0.21t or more. In some embodiments, the DOC is from about 0.08t to about 0.25t, from about 0.09t to about 0.25t, from about 0.18t to about 0.25t, from about 0.11t to about 0.25t, from about 0.12t to about 0.25t, from about 0.13t to about 0.25t, from about 0.14t to about 0.25t, from about 0.15t to about 0.25t, from about 0.08t to about 0. 24t, about 0.08t to about 0.23t, about 0.08t to about 0.22t, about 0.08t to about 0.21t, about 0.08t to about 0.2t, about 0.08t to about 0.19t, about 0.08t to about 0.18t, about 0.08t to about 0.17t, about 0.08t to about 0.16t, or about 0.08t to about 0.15t. In some cases, the DOC may be about 20 μm or less.In one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about 20 μm or more, 30 μm or more, 40 μm or more (e.g., about 20 μm to about 300 μm, about 25 μm to about 300 μm, about 30 μm to about 300 μm, about 35 μm to about 300 μm, about 40 μm to about 300 μm, about 50 μm to about 300 μm, about 60 μm to about 300 μm, about 70 μm to about 300 μm, about 80 μm to about 300 μm, about 90 μm to about 300 μm, about 100 μm to about 300 μm, about 110 μm to about 300 μm, about 120 μm to about 300 μm, about 140 μm to about 300 μm, about 150 μm to about 300 μm, about 20 μm to about 290 μm, About 20 μm to about 280 μm, about 20 μm to about 260 μm, about 20 μm to about 250 μm, about 20 μm to about 240 μm, about 20 μm to about 230 μm, about 20 μm to about 220 μm, about 20 μm to about 210 μm, about 20 μm to about 200 μm, about 20 μm to about 180 μm, about 20 μm to about 160 μm, about 20 μm to about 150 μm, about 20 μm to about 140 μm, about 20 μm to about 130 μm, about 20 μm to about 120 μm, about 20 μm to about 110 μm, about 20 μm to about 100 μm, about 20 μm to about 60 μm, about 20 μm to about 50 μm, or about 20 μm to about 40 μm.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate can have a CS (which may be found at or at a depth within the glass substrate) of about 200 MPa or greater, 300 MPa or greater, 400 MPa or greater, about 500 MPa or greater, about 600 MPa or greater, about 700 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 900 MPa or greater, about 930 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, or about 1050 MPa or greater. In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate has a thermal expansion coefficient of about 200 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 250 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 300 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 350 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 400 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 450 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 500 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 550 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 600 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 1000 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 1000 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 105 ... The glass substrate may have a CS (which may be found at the surface or at a depth therein) of 0 MPa to about 950 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 900 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 850 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 800 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 750 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 700 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 650 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 600 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 550 MPa, or about 200 MPa to about 500 MPa.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate may have a maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) of about 20 MPa or more, about 30 MPa or more, about 40 MPa or more, about 45 MPa or more, about 50 MPa or more, about 60 MPa or more, about 70 MPa or more, about 75 MPa or more, about 80 MPa or more, or about 85 MPa or more. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) may be in the range of about 40 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 50 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 60 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 70 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 80 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 90 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 70 MPa, or about 40 MPa to about 60 MPa.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a CS of about 900 MPa or more (eg, about 1000 MPa), a DOC of about 20 μm to about 40 μm, and a CT of about 20 MPa or more.

[0047] In some embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate exhibits a stress profile along its depth or thickness exhibiting a parabolic shape, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,593,042, entitled "Glasses and glass ceramics including metal oxide concentration gradient," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A "stress profile" refers to the change in stress from a first major surface to a second major surface. The stress profile may be described in units of MPa at a given micrometer of thickness or depth from the first or second major surface. In one or more specific embodiments, the stress profile is substantially free of portions that exhibit flat stress (i.e., compressive or tensile) or substantially constant stress (i.e., compressive or tensile). In some embodiments, the regions of the glass substrate that exhibit tensile stress have a stress profile that is substantially free of flat stress or substantially constant stress. In one or more embodiments, all points in the stress profile between the thickness range of about 0·t to about 0.2·t and greater than 0.8·t (or about 0·t to about 0.3·t and greater than 0.7·t) have a tangent less than about −0.1 MPa / micrometer or greater than about 0.1 MPa / micrometer. In some embodiments, the tangent may be less than about −0.2 MPa / micrometer or greater than about 0.2 MPa / micrometer. In some more specific embodiments, the tangent may be less than about −0.3 MPa / micrometer or greater than about 0.3 MPa / micrometer. In even more specific embodiments, the tangent may be less than about −0.5 MPa / micrometer or greater than about 0.5 MPa / micrometer. In other words, the stress profile of one or more embodiments along these thickness ranges (i.e., from 0·t to about 0.2·t and greater than 0.8·t, or from about 0·t to about 0.3·t and greater than 0.7·t) excludes points having tangents as described herein.In contrast, a stress profile exhibiting an error function or quasi-linear shape will have points along these thickness ranges (i.e., from 0·t to about 0.2·t and greater than 0.8·t, or from about 0·t to about 0.3·t and greater than 0.7·t) with a tangent of about −0.1 MPa / micrometer to about 0.1 MPa / micrometer, about −0.2 MPa / micrometer to about 0.2 MPa / micrometer, about −0.3 MPa / micrometer to about 0.3 MPa / micrometer, or about −0.5 MPa / micrometer to about 0.1 MPa / micrometer (showing a flat or zero gradient stress profile along such thickness ranges, as shown in FIG. 20 , 220 ).

[0048] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate exhibits a stress profile including a maximum tangent and a minimum tangent along a thickness range of about 0.1·t to 0.3·t and about 0.7·t to 0.9·t, in some cases the difference between the maximum tangent and the minimum tangent is about 3.5 MPa / micrometer or less, about 3 MPa / micrometer or less, about 2.5 MPa / micrometer or less, or about 2 MPa / micrometer or less.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, the stress profile of the strengthened glass substrate may be substantially free of any linear segments extending in a depth direction or along at least a portion of the thickness t of the glass substrate. In other words, the stress profile is substantially continuously decreasing or increasing along the thickness t. In some embodiments, the stress profile is substantially free of any linear segments in a depth or thickness direction having a length of about 10 micrometers or more, about 50 micrometers or more, about 100 micrometers or more, or about 200 micrometers or more. As used herein, the term "linear" refers to a gradient along the linear segment having a magnitude of less than about 5 MPa / micrometer, or less than about 2 MPa / micrometer. In some embodiments, one or more portions of the stress profile that are substantially free of any linear segments in a depth direction are present at a depth of the strengthened glass substrate of about 5 micrometers or more (e.g., 10 micrometers or more, or 15 micrometers or more) from either or both of the first or second major surfaces. For example, along a depth or thickness from about 0 micrometers to less than about 5 micrometers from the first surface, the stress profile may include a linear segment, but from a depth of about 5 micrometers or more from the first surface, the stress profile may be substantially free of a linear segment.

[0050] In some embodiments, the stress profile may include a linear segment from a depth of about 0t to about 0.1t, and may be substantially free of a linear segment from a depth of about 0.1t to about 0.4t. In some embodiments, the stress profile from a thickness range of about 0t to about 0.1t may have a gradient in the range of about 20 MPa / micrometer to about 200 MPa / micrometer. As described herein, such embodiments may be formed using a single ion exchange process, where the bath includes two or more alkali salts, or is a mixed alkali salt bath, or multiple (e.g., two or more) ion exchange processes.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate may be described in terms of the shape of the stress profile along the CT region, or the region in the glass substrate that exhibits tensile stress. For example, in some embodiments, the stress profile along the CT region (where the stress is tensile) may be approximated by the formula: In some embodiments, the stress profile along the CT region may be approximated by Equation (1): Stress(x)=MaxCT-(((MaxCT·(n+1)) / 0.5 n )·|(x / t)-0.5| n ) (1) In equation (1), Stress(x) is the stress value at location x, where the stress is positive (tensile). MaxCT is the maximum tensile stress as a positive value expressed in MPa. The value x is the location along the thickness (t) in micrometers, ranging from 0 to t; x=0 is one surface (302 in FIG. 3), x=0.5t is the center of the glass substrate, and Stress(x)=MaxCT, x=t is the opposite surface (i.e., the first major surface or the second major surface). The MaxCT used in equation (1) can range from about 50 MPa to about 350 MPa (e.g., from 60 MPa to about 300 MPa, or from about 70 MPa to about 270 MPa), and n is a fitting parameter from 1.5 to 5 (e.g., from 2 to 4, from 2 to 3, or from 1.8 to 2.2), whereby n=2 can give a parabolic stress profile and exponents deviating from n=2 give a quasi-parabolic stress profile.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the parabolic stress profile results from a non-zero concentration of metal oxide that varies along a portion of the thickness. The concentration variation may be referred to herein as a gradient. In some embodiments, the concentration of the metal oxide is non-zero and varies along a thickness range of about 0·t to about 0.3·t. In some embodiments, the concentration of the metal oxide is non-zero and varies along a thickness range of about 0·t to about 0.35·t, about 0·t to about 0.4·t, about 0·t to about 0.45·t, or about 0·t to about 0.48·t. The metal oxide may be described as inducing stress in the strengthened glass substrate. The concentration variation may be continuous along the thickness range described above. The concentration variation may include a change in metal oxide concentration of about 0.2 mole % along a thickness segment of about 100 micrometers. This change may be measured by methods known in the art, including a microprobe. Metal oxides that have a non-zero concentration and vary along a portion of the thickness are sometimes described as causing stress in the strengthened glass substrate.

[0053] The variation in concentration may be continuous along the thickness ranges mentioned above. In some embodiments, the variation in concentration may be continuous along a thickness segment ranging from about 10 micrometers to about 30 micrometers. In some embodiments, the concentration of the metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface, and increases from that point to the second surface.

[0054] The metal oxide concentration may include multiple metal oxides (e.g., a combination of Na2O and KO). In some embodiments, when two metal oxides are utilized and the radii of their ions are different from one another, the concentration of the ions with the larger radius is greater than the concentration of the ions with the smaller radius at shallower depths, while the concentration of the ions with the smaller radius is greater than the concentration of the ions with the larger radius at deeper depths. For example, when a single Na- and K-containing bath is used in the ion exchange process, the concentration of K in the strengthened glass substrate is greater than the concentration of the ions with the larger radius. + At shallower depths, the concentration of ions is+ ions, whereas Na + At deeper depths, the concentration of K + The concentration of ions at or near the surface is greater than the concentration of ions at or near the surface, which is due in part to the size of the ions. In such strengthened glass substrates, areas at or near the surface will have a larger CS due to the greater amount of larger ions at or near the surface. This larger CS will be manifested by a stress profile at or near the surface having a steeper slope (i.e., a spike in the stress profile at the surface).

[0055] The concentration gradient or variation of one or more metal oxides is produced by chemically strengthening the glass substrate, for example, by an ion exchange process described herein above, in which a plurality of first metal ions in the glass substrate are exchanged with a plurality of second metal ions. The first metal ions may be ions of lithium, sodium, potassium, and rubidium. The second metal ions may be ions of one of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, provided that the second alkali metal ion has an ionic radius larger than the ionic radius of the first alkali metal ion. The second metal ion is present in the glass substrate as its oxide (e.g., Na2O, KO, Rb2O, Cs2O, or a combination thereof).

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the concentration gradient of the metal oxide extends through a significant portion of the thickness t or the entire thickness t of the strengthened glass substrate, including the CT region. In one or more embodiments, the concentration of the metal oxide is about 0.5 mol% or more in the CT region. In some embodiments, the concentration of the metal oxide can be about 0.5 mol% or more (e.g., about 1 mol% or more) along the entire thickness of the strengthened glass substrate, being greatest at the first major surface and / or the second major surface, and decreasing substantially constantly to a point between the first major surface and the second major surface. At that point, the concentration of the metal oxide is a minimum along the entire thickness t; however, the concentration is also non-zero at that point. In other words, the non-zero concentration of the particular metal oxide extends through a significant portion of the thickness t (as described herein) or the entire thickness t. In some embodiments, the minimum concentration of the particular metal oxide is in the CT region. The total concentration of the particular metal oxide in the strengthened glass substrate can be in the range of about 1 mol% to about 20 mol%.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate has a first metal oxide concentration and a second metal oxide concentration, such that the first metal oxide concentration ranges from about 0 mol % to about 15 mol % along a first thickness range of about 0t to about 0.5t, and the second metal oxide concentration ranges from about 0 mol % to about 10 mol % along a second thickness range of about 0 micrometers to about 25 micrometers (or about 0 micrometers to about 12 micrometers). The strengthened glass substrate may have an optional third metal oxide concentration. The first metal oxide may include Na2O, while the second metal oxide may include K2O.

[0058] The concentration of the metal oxide may be determined from a baseline amount of the metal oxide in the glass substrate before it is modified to have a concentration gradient of such metal oxide.

[0059] Glass compositions suitable for use in the glass substrate include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass.

[0060] Unless otherwise stated, the glass compositions disclosed herein are listed in mole percent (mol %) analyzed on an oxide basis.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include SiO2 in an amount in the range from about 66 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 69 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 72 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 78 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 76 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 74 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 72 mol%, or about 65 mol% to about 70 mol%, as well as all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0062] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in an amount greater than about 4 mol%, or greater than about 5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in a range from about 7 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 7 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 7 mol% to about 11 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 11 mol% to about 15 mol%, or from about 12 mol% to about 15 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the upper limit of Al2O3 may be about 14 mol%, 14.2 mol%, 14.4 mol%, 14.6 mol%, or 14.8 mol%.

[0063] In one or more embodiments, the glass article is described as an aluminosilicate glass article or as comprising an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the glass composition, or article formed therefrom, comprises SiO2 and Al2O3 and is not a soda-lime silicate glass. In this regard, the glass composition, or article formed therefrom, comprises Al2O3 in an amount of about 2 mol% or more, 2.25 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, about 2.75 mol% or more, or about 3 mol% or more.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B2O3 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B2O3 in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of B2O3.

[0065] As used herein, the phrase "substantially free" with respect to a component of a composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial batch formulation, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about 0.001 mole percent.

[0066] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally includes P2O5 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes up to a non-zero amount of P2O5, including 2 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 1 mol%, or 0.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of P2O5.

[0067] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is the sum of alkali metal oxides, such as LiO, NaO, KO, RbO, and CsO) of about 8 mol% or more, about 10 mol% or more, or about 12 mol% or more. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a total amount of RO in the range of about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or about 11 mol% to about 13 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of Rb2O, Cs2O, or both Rb2O and Cs2O. In one or more embodiments, R2O may include a total of only Li2O, Na2O, and K2O. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include at least one alkali metal oxide selected from Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, where the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount of about 8 mol % or greater.

[0068] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Na2O in an amount of about 8 mol% or more, about 10 mol% or more, or about 12 mol% or more. In one or more embodiments, the composition includes Na2O in an amount of about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or 11 mol% to about 16 mol% and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0069] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 4 mol% K2O, less than about 3 mol% K2O, or less than about 1 mol% K2O. In some cases, the glass composition may include KO in an amount in the range from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, or from about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of K2O.

[0070] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Li2O in an amount of about 0.5 mol% or more, about 1 mol% or more, or about 1.5 mol% or more. In one or more embodiments, the composition comprises NaO in the range from about 0.5 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 1.5 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 2.5 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 3 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 11 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 9 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 3 mol% to about 8 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 8 mol%, or about 5 mol% to about 8 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Li2O.

[0072] In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Li2O. In some cases, the amount of Na2O may be greater than the combined amount of Li2O and K2O. In one or more alternative embodiments, the amount of Li2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Na2O, or the combined amount of Na2O and K2O.

[0073] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO in the range of about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% (which is the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO, and SrO). In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of RO up to about 2 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes an amount of RO in the range of about 0 mol% to about 1.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0074] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 1 mol%, less than about 0.8 mol%, or less than about 0.5 mol% CaO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO.

[0075] In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, or from about 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0076] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO2 in an amount less than or equal to about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, or less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO2 in an amount in the range of about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes SnO2 in an amount of about 0.2 mol% or less, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, or less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes SnO2 in an amount of about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0078] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include oxides that impart color or tint to the glass article. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes oxides that prevent discoloration of the glass article when exposed to ultraviolet light. Examples of such oxides include, without limitation, oxides of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe, expressed as Fe2O3, where Fe is present in an amount up to about 1 mol% (inclusive). In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe2O3 in an amount of about 0.2 mol% or less, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, or less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe2O3 in the range from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0080] When the glass composition includes TiO2, TiO2 may be present in an amount of about 5 mol% or less, about 2.5 mol% or less, about 2 mol% or less, or about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO2.

[0081] Exemplary glass compositions include SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, Al2O3 in an amount ranging from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, Na2O in an amount ranging from about 12 mol% to about 17 mol%, K2O in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, and MgO in an amount ranging from about 1.5 mol% to about 6 mol%. Optionally, SnO2 may be included in amounts as otherwise disclosed herein.

[0082] In one or more embodiments, the cold bent glass substrate 140 has a curvature (first radius of curvature) that matches the curvature (second radius of curvature) of at least a portion of the display module 150 (or matches the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the base of the vehicle interior system). In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the display module 150 is curved to approximate or match the curvature of the cold bent glass substrate 140. In one or more embodiments, the display module 150 includes a second glass substrate, a backlight unit, and other components, any of which may be flexible or may permanently exhibit a curvature. In some embodiments, the entire display module is curved to the second radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate 140 is cold bent to a curvature that approximates or matches the curvature of at least a portion of the display module 150. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the display module 150 is cold bent to a curvature that approximates or matches the curvature of the cold bent glass substrate 140.

[0083] In one or more embodiments, if the first radius of curvature of the glass substrate varies over its area, the first radius of curvature referred to herein is the smallest radius of curvature of the glass substrate. Similarly, in one or more embodiments, if the second radius of curvature of the display module varies over its area, the second radius of curvature referred to herein is the smallest radius of curvature of the display module. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature may be the smallest radius of curvature adjacent to the display module (as described herein) or the touch panel. In one or more embodiments, the location of the first radius of curvature is the same as or close to the location of the second radius of curvature. In other words, the first radius of curvature of the curved glass substrate is measured at the same or close to the location where the second radius of curvature is measured on the second glass substrate or at the base curved surface with respect to width and length. In one or more embodiments, the term "close" when used in reference to first and second radii of curvature means that the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature are measured at positions within a distance of 10 cm, 5 cm, or 2 cm of each other.

[0084] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate 140 has a first radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more, 40 mm or more, 50 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 100 mm or more, 250 mm or more, or 500 mm or more. For example, the first radius of curvature can be from about 20 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 40 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 50 mm to about 1500 mm, from 60 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 140 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 150 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 160 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 180 mm to about 1500 mm, or from about 200 mm to about 1500 mm. 0 mm, about 200 mm to about 1500 mm, about 220 mm to about 1500 mm, about 240 mm to about 1500 mm, about 250 mm to about 1500 mm, about 260 mm to about 1500 mm, about 270 mm to about 1500 mm, about 280 mm to about 1500 mm, about 290 mm to about 1500 mm, about 300 mm to about 1500 mm, about 350 mm to about 1500 mm, about 400 mm to about 1500 mm, about 450 mm to about 1500 mm, about 500 mm to about 1500 mm, about 550 mm to about 150 0 mm, about 600 mm to about 1500 mm, about 650 mm to about 1500 mm, about 700 mm to about 1500 mm, about 750 mm to about 1500 mm, about 800 mm to about 1500 mm, about 900 mm to about 1500 mm, about 950 mm to about 1500 mm, about 1000 mm to about 1500 mm, about 1250 mm to about 1500 mm, about 20 mm to about 1400 mm, about 20 mm to about 1300 mm, about 20 mm to about 1200 mm, about 20 mm to about 1100 mm, about 20 mm to about 1000 mm , about 20 mm to about 950 mm, about 20 mm to about 900 mm, about 20 mm to about 850 mm, about 20 mm to about 800 mm, about 20 mm to about 750 mm, about 20 mm to about 700 mm, about 20 mm to about 650 mm, about 20 mm to about 200 mm, about 20 mm to about 550 mm, about 20 mm to about 500 mm, about 20 mm to about 450 mm, about 20 mm to about 400 mm, about 20 mm to about 350 mm, about 20 mm to about 300 mm, about 20 mm to about 250 mm, about 20 mm to about 200 mm,About 20mm to about 150mm, about 20mm to about 100mm, about 20mm to about 50mm, about 60mm to about 1400mm, about 60mm to about 1300mm, about 60mm to about 1200mm, about 60mm to about 1100mm, about 60mm to about 1000mm, about 60mm to about 950mm, about 60mm to about 900mm, about 60mm to about 850mm, about 60mm to about 800mm m, about 60 mm to about 750 mm, about 60 mm to about 700 mm, about 60 mm to about 650 mm, about 60 mm to about 600 mm, about 60 mm to about 550 mm, about 60 mm to about 500 mm, about 60 mm to about 450 mm, about 60 mm to about 400 mm, about 60 mm to about 350 mm, about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or about 60 mm to about 250 mm. In one or more embodiments, a glass substrate having a thickness of less than about 0.4 mm may exhibit a radius of curvature of less than about 100 mm, or less than about 60 mm.

[0085] In one or more embodiments, the display module 150 (or the curved surface of the base of the vehicle interior system) has a second radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more, 40 mm or more, 50 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 100 mm or more, 250 mm or more, or 500 mm or more. For example, the second radius of curvature can be about 20 mm to about 1500 mm, about 30 mm to about 1500 mm, about 40 mm to about 1500 mm, about 50 mm to about 1500 mm, 60 mm to about 1500 mm, about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, about 140 mm to about 1500 mm, about 150 mm to about 1500 mm, about 160 mm to about 1500 mm, about 180 mm to about 1500 mm, or about 200 mm to about 2500 mm. m to about 1500 mm, about 200 mm to about 1500 mm, about 220 mm to about 1500 mm, about 240 mm to about 1500 mm, about 250 mm to about 1500 mm, about 260 mm to about 1500 mm, about 270 mm to about 1500 mm, about 280 mm to about 1500 mm, about 290 mm to about 1500 mm, about 300 mm to about 1500 mm, about 350 mm to about 1500 mm, about 400 mm to about 1500 mm, about 450 mm to about 1500 mm, about 500 mm to about 1500 m m, about 550mm to about 1500mm, about 600mm to about 1500mm, about 650mm to about 1500mm, about 700mm to about 1500mm, about 750mm to about 1500mm, about 800mm to about 1500mm, about 900mm to about 1500mm, about 950mm to about 1500mm, about 1000mm to about 1500mm, about 1250mm to about 1500mm, about 20mm to about 1400mm, about 20mm to about 1300mm, about 20mm to about 1200mm, about 20mm to about 1100mm, about 20mm to about 1000mm, about 20mm to about 950mm, about 20mm to about 900mm, about 20mm to about 850mm, about 20mm to about 800mm, about 20mm to about 750mm, about 20mm to about 700mm, about 20mm to about 650mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 550mm, about 20mm to about 500mm, about 20mm to about 450mm, about 20mm to about 400mm, about 20mm to about 350mm, about 20mm to about 300mm,About 20mm to about 250mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 150mm, about 20mm to about 100mm, about 20mm to about 50mm, about 60mm to about 1400mm, about 60mm to about 1300mm, about 60mm to about 1200mm, about 60mm to about 1100mm, about 60mm to about 1000mm, about 60mm to about 950mm, about 60mm to about 900mm, about 60mm to about 850mm m, about 60 mm to about 800 mm, about 60 mm to about 750 mm, about 60 mm to about 700 mm, about 60 mm to about 650 mm, about 60 mm to about 600 mm, about 60 mm to about 550 mm, about 60 mm to about 500 mm, about 60 mm to about 450 mm, about 60 mm to about 400 mm, about 60 mm to about 350 mm, about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or about 60 mm to about 250 mm. In one or more embodiments, a glass substrate having a thickness of less than about 0.4 mm may exhibit a radius of curvature of less than about 100 mm, or less than about 60 mm.

[0086] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate is cold bent to exhibit a first radius of curvature that is within 10% (e.g., about 10% or less, about 9% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, or about 5% or less) of a second radius of curvature of the display module 150 (or the curved surface of the base of the vehicle interior system). For example, if the display module 150 (or the curved surface of the base of the vehicle interior system) exhibits a radius of curvature of 1000 mm, the glass substrate is cold bent to have a radius of curvature in the range of about 900 mm to about 1100 mm.

[0087] In one or more embodiments, the display module 150 as shown in FIG. 5 includes a second glass substrate 152 and a backlight unit 154. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the second glass substrate is disposed adjacent to the first major surface 142 of the glass substrate. Thus, the second glass substrate 152 is disposed between the backlight unit 154 and the first major surface 142. In the illustrated embodiment, the backlight unit 154 is optionally curved to exhibit a second radius of curvature of the display module 150. In one or more embodiments, the backlight unit 154 may be flexible to be curved to the second radius of curvature. In one or more specific embodiments, the second glass substrate 152 may be cold bent to exhibit the second radius of curvature. In such embodiments, the second radius of curvature is measured on a surface of the second glass substrate 152 adjacent to the glass substrate 140. In one or more embodiments, the display module 150 (including any one or more of the backlight unit, the second glass substrate, and the frame) is permanently curved to the second radius of curvature of the display module 150. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate may be cold bent before or during lamination. The backlight unit may be attached to the curved glass substrate, the second glass substrate, and / or the frame (as described herein) by adhesives (as described herein) or mechanical means known in the art (e.g., screws, clamps, clips, etc.).

[0088] In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate may have a thickness greater than that of the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the thickness is greater than 1 mm, or about 1.5 mm or greater. In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the second glass substrate may have substantially the same thickness as the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate may have a thickness of about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about The thickness ranges from 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.05 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.85 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.75 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.65 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.6 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, or from about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm.

[0089] The second glass substrate may have the same glass composition as the glass substrate 140 or may be different from the glass composition used for the glass substrate 140. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate may have an alkali-free glass composition. Glass compositions suitable for use in the second glass substrate may include soda-lime glass, alkali-free aluminosilicate glass, alkali-free borosilicate glass, alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate may be tempered (as described herein with respect to the glass substrate 140). In some embodiments, the second glass substrate is tempered only by mechanical and / or thermal tempering (i.e., not by chemical tempering) or is untempered. In some embodiments, the second glass substrate may be annealed.

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the display comprises an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, and in such embodiments, the first radius of curvature of the glass substrate is within 10% of a second radius of curvature of the OLED display or a curved surface (e.g., a base) into which it is incorporated.

[0091] In one or more embodiments, the display module 150 comprises a frame 158. In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 158 is located between the backlight unit 154 and the second glass substrate 152. The frame may include a flange 159 that extends outwardly from the display module 150 forming an "L" shape with respect to the frame. In one or more embodiments, the frame 158 at least partially surrounds the backlight unit 154. In one or more embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 6, the frame at least partially surrounds the second glass substrate 152. In one or more embodiments in which the display module comprises an OLED display, the OLED structure is between the frame and the glass substrate.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the frame 158 is associated with or assembled with the glass substrate 140, the second glass substrate 152, or another component of the display module in the case of an OLED display. In one or more embodiments, the frame can at least partially surround the minor surface 146 of the glass substrate 140, or the minor surface of the glass substrate may not be surrounded by the frame. In other words, the frame may include a second flange 157 that extends to partially surround the second glass substrate 152, the minor surface of the glass substrate 140, and / or another component of the display module in the case of an OLED display.

[0093] In one or more embodiments, the frame 158 includes one or more snap-attach features or other features that allow for easy and quick installation of the display module 150 in the vehicle interior. Specifically, the snap-attach features or other similar features can be used to attach the display module to the center console base 110 having the curved surface 120, to the dashboard base 210 having the curved surface 220, or to the steering wheel base 310 having the curved surface 320. In one or more embodiments, the snap-attach features can be added independently to the frame or can be integral with the frame. The snap-attach features may include various snap-attach joints, such as cantilever, torsion, annular, etc., that engage with corresponding parts after assembly. Such snap-attach joints may include a first part that includes a protruding portion (hook, stud, etc.) that is temporarily distorted during the mating process with the vehicle interior and mates with a second part that includes an opening or recess located on the vehicle interior system. After the installation process, the protruding portion returns to its unstressed state.

[0094] An example frame 158 is shown in FIG. 20A. In FIG. 20A, the frame 158 comprises a center console base 110 having a curved surface 120 with a first part 156 in the form of a protruding portion (specifically, a cantilever snap-fit ​​joint) and a second part 122 in the form of an opening 123 that mates with the first part. In FIGS. 20B and 20C, the display module 150 comprises a frame 158 with a first part 156 and a center console base 110 with a curved surface 120 and a second part 122 prior to assembly. FIG. 20D shows the display module 150 and center console base 110 after assembly. Such an embodiment of the frame facilitates assembly without the use of additional parts, reducing assembly time and associated processing costs. The frame may be manufactured using an injection molding process in which the first part (and the snap-fit ​​features) are included within the die. In one or more embodiments, a frame may be used to allow for aftermarket display modules to be assembled into a variety of vehicle interiors.

[0095] In one or more embodiments, the display includes an adhesive or adhesive layer 160 between the glass substrate 140 and the display module 150. The adhesive may be optically clear. In some embodiments, the adhesive is positioned over a portion of the glass substrate 140 and / or the display module 150. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the glass substrate may include a perimeter 147 adjacent a minor surface 146 that defines an interior 148, and the adhesive may be disposed over at least a portion of the perimeter. The thickness of the adhesive may be adjusted to ensure lamination between the display module 150 (and more specifically, the second glass substrate) and the glass substrate 140. For example, the adhesive may have a thickness of about 1 mm or less. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a thickness of about 200 μm to about 500 μm, about 225 μm to about 500 μm, about 250 μm to about 500 μm, about 275 μm to about 500 μm, about 300 μm to about 500 μm, about 325 μm to about 500 μm, about 350 μm to about 500 μm, about 375 μm to about 500 μm, about 40 ... 00 μm, about 200 μm to about 475 μm, about 200 μm to about 450 μm, about 200 μm to about 425 μm, about 200 μm to about 400 μm, about 200 μm to about 375 μm, about 200 μm to about 350 μm, about 200 μm to about 325 μm, about 200 μm to about 300 μm, or about 225 μm to about 275 μm.

[0096] In one or more embodiments, either or both of the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144 of the glass substrate include a surface treatment. The surface treatment may cover at least a portion of the first major surface 142 and the second major surface 144. Exemplary surface treatments include an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the first major surface 142 and / or the second major surface 144 may include any one, any two, or all three of an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface. For example, the first major surface 142 may include an anti-glare surface and the second major surface 144 may include an anti-reflective surface. In another example, the first major surface 142 may include an anti-glare surface and the second major surface 144 may include an anti-glare surface. In yet another example, first major surface 142 comprises an antiglare and / or antireflective surface, and second major surface 144 comprises a decorative surface.

[0097] The antireflective surface may be formed using an etching method and may exhibit a transmission haze of 20% or less (e.g., about 15% or less, or about 10% or less) and a distinctness of image (DOI) of about 80 or less. As used herein, the terms "transmission haze" and "haze" refer to the percentage of transmitted light that is scattered outside a cone of about ±2.5° angle according to ASTM procedure D1003. For optically smooth surfaces, the transmission haze is generally near zero. As used herein, the term "distinctness of image" is defined by Method A of ASTM procedure D5767, entitled "Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Measurements of Distinctness-of-Image Gloss of Coating Surfaces" (ASTM 5767), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. According to Method A of ASTM 5767, measurements of the reflectance coefficient of the substrate are made on the antireflective surface at the reflected viewing angle and at angles slightly off the reflected viewing angle. The values ​​obtained from these measurements are combined to provide a DOI value. For more information, see DOIs.

[0098]

number

[0099] where Ros is the average of the relative reflectance intensity between 0.2° and 0.4° away from the specular direction, and Rs is the average of the relative reflectance intensity in the specular direction (between +0.05° and -0.05° from the specular direction). With an input source angle of +20° (as throughout this disclosure) from the surface normal of the sample, and a surface normal to the sample at 0°, the specular Rs measurement is taken as the average in the range of about -19.95° to -20.05°, and Ros is interpreted as the average reflectance intensity in the range of about -20.2° to -20.4° (or -19.6° to -19.8°, or the average of both of these two ranges). As used herein, the DOI value should be interpreted directly as specifying a target ratio of Ros / Rs as defined herein. In some embodiments, the anti-glare surface has a reflective scattering profile such that more than 95% of the reflected optical power falls within a ±10° cone, where the cone is centered on the specular direction for any input angle.

[0100] The resulting anti-glare surface may include a textured surface, with a plurality of concave features having openings facing outward from the surface. The openings may have an average cross-sectional dimension of about 30 micrometers or less. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface exhibits low sparkle (relating to a low pixel power deviation reference or PPDr), such as a PPDr of about 6% or less. As used herein, the terms "pixel power deviation reference" and "PPDr" refer to a quantitative measurement of display sparkle. Unless otherwise specified, PPDr is measured using a display device with an edge-lit liquid crystal display screen (TN type liquid crystal display) having a native sub-pixel pitch of 60 μm×180 μm and a sub-pixel aperture window size of about 44 μm×about 142 μm. The front surface of the liquid crystal display screen had a glossy anti-reflective linear polarizing film. To determine the PPDr of an anti-glare surface forming a display system or part of a display system, the screen is placed in the focal region of an "eye simulator" camera. The camera approximates the eye parameters of a human observer. Thus, the camera system includes an aperture (or "pupil aperture") that is inserted into the light path to adjust the collection angle of the light and thus approximate the pupil aperture of the human eye. In the PPDr measurements described herein, the iris diaphragm limits an angle of 18 milliradians.

[0101] The antireflective surface may be formed by a multi-layer coating stack formed from alternating layers of high and low refractive index materials. Such coating stacks may include six or more layers. In one or more embodiments, the antireflective surface may exhibit a single-side average light reflectance of about 2% or less (e.g., about 1.5% or less, about 1% or less, about 0.75% or less, about 0.5% or less, or about 0.25% or less) over a light wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. The average reflectance is measured at an incident illumination angle of greater than about 0 degrees to less than about 10 degrees.

[0102] The decorative surface may include any aesthetic design formed from pigments (e.g., inks, paints, etc.) and may include wood grain designs, brushed metal designs, graphic designs, portraits, or logos. In one or more embodiments, the decorative surface exhibits a dead front effect in which the decorative surface hides or covers the underlying display from a viewer when the display is turned off, but allows the display to be viewed when the display is turned on. The decorative surface may be printed on a glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface. In one or more embodiments, the anti-reflective surface includes a multi-layer coating. In one or more embodiments, the easy-to-clean surface includes an oleophobic coating that provides anti-fingerprint properties. In one or more embodiments, the tactile surface includes a raised or recessed surface formed by depositing a polymer or glass material on the surface to provide tactile feedback to a user when touched.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, a surface treatment (i.e., an easy-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and / or a decorative surface) is disposed on at least a portion of the outer periphery 147, and the interior 148 is substantially free of the surface treatment.

[0104] In one or more embodiments, the display module includes touch functionality, and such functionality is accessible through glass substrate 140. In one or more embodiments, the display image or content shown by the display module is viewable through glass substrate 140.

[0105] A second aspect of the disclosure relates to various methods and systems for cold bending a glass substrate, such as substrate 140, and / or for forming a display. In various embodiments, the methods and systems described herein utilize air pressure differentials to bend the glass substrate. As previously mentioned, these systems and methods bend the glass substrate without the use of high temperatures (e.g., temperatures above the softening point of the glass) typical of hot bending / heat forming methods.

[0106] 8 and 9, a method 1000 of forming a display is shown, according to an example embodiment. In one or more embodiments, the method includes cold bending 1100 a glass substrate, such as substrate 140, to a first radius of curvature (as described herein), and laminating a display module 150 to a first surface of major surface 142 or 144 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) while maintaining the first radius of curvature on the glass substrate to form a display. In one or more embodiments, the display module has a second radius of curvature (as described herein) within 10% of the first radius of curvature. As shown in FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, cold bending the glass substrate 140 includes drawing a vacuum on the first and second major surfaces 144 of the glass substrate to produce the first radius of curvature 1120. Thus, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, drawing a vacuum includes placing the glass substrate on a vacuum fixture 1110 prior to drawing a vacuum on the second major surface. In one or more embodiments, to maintain the first radius of curvature, a vacuum is applied to the glass substrate to cold bend the glass substrate to the first radius of curvature while subsequent assembly of the glass substrate and display module (steps 1150, 1200) occurs. In other words, the glass substrate 140 is temporarily cold bent by applying a vacuum, and subsequent lamination with the display module 150 permanently cold bends the glass substrate to form the display. In such embodiments, the display module provides the necessary stiffness to permanently cold bend the glass substrate. Other mechanisms for temporarily cold bending the glass substrate may be used. For example, the glass substrate may be temporarily fixed to a mold having the desired curvature to cold bend the glass substrate. The glass substrate may be temporarily fixed by an adhesive or other mechanism.

[0107] After cold bending the glass substrate, the method of one or more embodiments includes laminating an adhesive to the first major surface 142 of the glass substrate 140 prior to laminating the display module to the first major surface such that the adhesive is disposed between the first major surface and the display module. In one or more embodiments, laminating the adhesive may include applying a layer of adhesive and then applying a normal force using a roller or other mechanism. Exemplary examples include any suitable optically clear adhesive for bonding the glass substrate to the second glass substrate of the display module 150. In one example, the adhesive may include an optically clear adhesive available from 3M Corporation under the trade designation 8215. The thickness of the adhesive may be within the ranges described elsewhere herein (e.g., from about 200 μm to about 500 μm).

[0108] In one or more embodiments, the process 1200 for laminating a display module includes laminating a second glass substrate 152 to a glass substrate 140 (step 1210 of FIG. 9) and then attaching a backlight unit 154 to the second glass substrate (step 1220 of FIG. 9). In one or more embodiments, the method includes cold bending the second glass substrate during lamination to the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate is curved prior to lamination. For example, the second glass substrate may be temporarily curved or cold bent prior to lamination to exhibit the second radius of curvature. In another example, the second glass substrate may be permanently curved (e.g., by heat forming) to exhibit the second radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the backlight unit is curved to exhibit the second radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the backlight unit is flexible and is curved to the second radius of curvature during lamination. In one or more embodiments, the backlight unit may be curved prior to lamination. For example, the backlight unit may be temporarily curved to exhibit the second radius of curvature prior to lamination. In another example, the backlight unit may be permanently curved to exhibit the second radius of curvature.

[0109] In one or more embodiments, step 1220 includes attaching a frame to one of the backlight unit and the second glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the method includes step 1230 of removing the vacuum from the second major surface of the glass substrate 140. For example, removing the vacuum from the second major surface may include removing the display from the vacuum fixture.

[0110] In one or more embodiments, the method includes positioning or incorporating a display within the vehicle interior system 100, 200, 300. If a frame is used, a frame may be used to incorporate the display into the vehicle interior system as described elsewhere herein.

[0111] 10-15, additional systems and methods for forming curved glass substrates by cold bending are shown and described. In the specific embodiments shown and described, the curved glass substrate is utilized as a cover glass in vehicle interior systems 100, 200, 300. It should be understood that any of the glass substrate, frame, and display module embodiments described herein may be formed or utilized in the processes and systems described with respect to FIGS.

[0112] 10, a method 1300 of cold bending a glass substrate is shown. In step 1310, a glass substrate, such as glass substrate 140, is supported and / or positioned on a curved frame. The frame may be a display frame, such as frame 158 (as described herein) that defines the perimeter and curved shape for a vehicular display. Typically, the curved frame includes a curved support surface, and one of the major surfaces 142 or 144 of the glass substrate 140 is positioned in contact with the curved support surface of the frame.

[0113] In step 1320, an air pressure differential is applied to the glass substrate while it is supported by the frame, causing the glass substrate to bend to conform to the curved shape of the curved support surface of the frame. In this manner, a curved glass substrate is formed from a generally flat glass substrate (see FIGS. 3 and 4). In this configuration, bending the flat piece of glass material creates a curved shape on the major surface facing the frame while creating a corresponding (but complementary) curvature on the major surface of the glass substrate opposite the frame. Applicants have found that directly bending the glass substrate on a curved frame eliminates the need for a separate curved die or mold (which is commonly required in other glass bending processes). Additionally, Applicants have found that by directly forming the glass substrate to fit the curved frame, a wide glass radius range may be achieved in a low complexity manufacturing process.

[0114] In some embodiments, the air pressure differential may be generated by vacuum equipment such as equipment 1110. In some other embodiments, the air pressure differential is generated by pulling a vacuum on an airtight container that encloses the frame and glass substrate. In a specific embodiment, the airtight container is a flexible polymeric skin, such as a plastic bag or pouch. In other embodiments, the air pressure differential is generated by creating increased air pressure around the glass substrate and frame with an overpressure device, such as an autoclave. Applicants have further found that air pressure provides a consistent, highly uniform bending force (compared to contact-based bending methods), which further results in a robust manufacturing process.

[0115] In step 1330, the temperature of the glass substrate is maintained below the glass softening point of the material of the glass substrate during bending. Thus, method 1300 is cold bending. In specific embodiments, the temperature of the glass substrate is maintained below 500° C., 400° C., 300° C., 200° C., or 100° C. In specific embodiments, the glass substrate is maintained at or below room temperature during bending. In specific embodiments, the glass substrate is not actively heated by a heating element, furnace, oven, etc. during bending, as in hot forming glass into a curved shape.

[0116] In addition to providing processing advantages such as the elimination of costly and / or time-consuming heating steps as discussed above, it is believed that the cold bending process described herein produces curved glass substrates with a variety of properties that are superior to hot-formed glass substrates, particularly for display cover glass applications. For example, Applicants believe that for at least some glass materials, heating during the hot-forming process degrades the optical properties of the curved glass substrate, and therefore, curved glass substrates formed utilizing the cold bending process / system described herein provide both a curved glass shape with improved optical qualities not believed achievable by hot bending processes.

[0117] Additionally, many glass coating materials (e.g., anti-reflective coatings) are applied by deposition processes, such as sputtering processes, that are generally unsuitable for coating curved glass articles. Moreover, many coating materials cannot withstand the high temperatures associated with hot bending processes. Therefore, in specific embodiments described herein, one or more coating materials are applied to major surface 142 and / or major surface 144 of glass substrate 140 prior to cold bending (when the glass substrate is flat), and the coated glass substrate is bent into a curved shape as described herein. Thus, applicants believe that the processes and systems described herein can bend glass after one or more coating materials have been applied to the glass, as opposed to typical hot forming processes.

[0118] Referring to Figure 11, a process 1400 for forming a display is shown. In step 1410, an adhesive is applied between the curved support surface of the frame and the first major surface 142 of the glass substrate 140. In a specific embodiment, the adhesive is first placed on the support surface of the frame, and then in step 1420, the glass substrate 140 is placed on the adhesive-coated frame. In another embodiment, the adhesive may be placed on the first major surface 142, which is then placed into contact with the support surface of the frame.

[0119] The adhesive may be applied in a variety of ways: In one embodiment, the adhesive is applied using a coating gun and mixing nozzle or a premix syringe, and then spread evenly using, for example, any of the following: a roller, brush, doctor blade, or drawdown bar.

[0120] In one or more embodiments, the adhesives usable herein may be described in terms of their tensile strength (as measured by ASTM D897) under various temperature conditions. To measure the tensile strength, the aluminum surfaces of the test fixture are grit blasted with 36 grit alumina particles to provide a Sa of about 320±17 microinches (about 8.13±0.43 μm) and then cleaned with a metal cleaner to provide a water break-free condition. The adhesive may be applied to both cleaned aluminum surfaces and then a glass substrate with ink on both sides is placed between the two adhesive surfaces. The adhesive is then cured in an environment having a temperature of 66° C. Cohesive or adhesive failure at the ink / adhesive interface or metal / adhesive interface was evaluated at temperatures of −40° C., 24° C., and 85° C. to measure the tensile strength (MPa). In one or more embodiments, a suitable adhesive has a tensile strength as shown in Table 1.

[0121] In various embodiments, the adhesives described herein are structural adhesives. In specific embodiments, the structural adhesives include, but are not limited to, (a) toughened epoxies (e.g., Masterbond EP21TDCHT-LO, 3M Scotch Weld Epoxy DP460 Off-white), (b) soft epoxies (e.g., Masterbond EP21TDC-2LO, 3M Scotch Weld Epoxy 2216), (c) acrylics and / or toughened acrylics (e.g., LORD AP 134 primer, LORD Adhesive 850 or 852 / LORD Accelerator 25GB, Loctite HF8000, Loctite AA4800, as well as LORD Adhesive 403, 406 or 410 Acrylic adhesives including LORD Accelerator 19 or 19GB), (d) urethanes (e.g., 3M Scotch Weld Urethane DP640 Brown, Sikaflex 552, and Technomelt PUR 9622-02). The adhesive may be selected from one or more of the following classes: UVNA, polyurethane (PUR) Hot Melt adhesives such as Loctite HHD 3542, Loctite HHD 3580, 3M Hotmelt adhesives 3764 and 3748, and (e) silicones (Dow Corning 995, Dow Corning 3-0500 Silicone Assembly adhesive, Dow Corning 7091, SikaSil-GP). In some cases, structural adhesives such as sheets or films may be utilized (e.g., but not limited to, 3M Structural Adhesive Films AF126-2, AF163-2M, SBT9263 and 9214, Masterbond FLM36-LO). Additionally, structural adhesives such as 3M VHB tape may be utilized. In such embodiments, the adhesive may be used to bond the curved glass substrate to the frame without the need for a curing step.

[0122] [Table 1]

[0123] A variety of different techniques or mechanisms can be used to align the glass substrate to the frame in step 1420. For example, tabs, markings, and clamps can be used to align the glass substrate to the support surface of the frame.

[0124] In step 1430, an air pressure differential is applied to bend the glass substrate 140 to conform to the shape of the curved support surface of the curved frame, as described above with respect to step 1320. In step 1440, the now curved glass substrate is bonded to the support surface of the curved frame with an adhesive. The bonding step occurs during the application of the air pressure differential, since the air pressure does not permanently deform the glass substrate. In various embodiments, the air pressure differential is between 0.5 and 1.5 atmospheres (atm) (about 51 kPa and about 153 kPa), specifically between 0.7 atm and 1.1 atm (about 71 kPa and about 111 kPa), and more specifically between 0.8 and 1 atm (about 81 to about 101 kPa).

[0125] The performance of step 1440 is based on the type of adhesive used to create the bond between the glass substrate and the frame. For example, in embodiments where increasing the temperature accelerates the curing of the adhesive, heat is applied to cure the adhesive. In one such embodiment, a thermosetting adhesive is cured by increasing the temperature to a curing temperature of the adhesive, which is below the glass softening point of the glass substrate, while a pressure differential holds the glass substrate in a bent position to conform to the shape of the curved support surface of the curved frame. In a specific embodiment, the heat may be applied using an oven or furnace. In another embodiment, both heat and pressure may be applied by an overpressure device, such as an autoclave.

[0126] In embodiments where the adhesive is a UV curable adhesive, ultraviolet light is applied to cure the adhesive. In other embodiments, the adhesive is an adhesive and pressure is applied to create a bond between the glass substrate and the frame with the adhesive. In various embodiments, regardless of the process by which the bond between the glass substrate and the frame is formed, the adhesive may be an optically clear adhesive, such as a liquid optically clear adhesive.

[0127] In step 1450, a display module, such as display module 150, is attached to a frame supporting the now curved and bonded glass substrate. In a specific embodiment, the glass substrate and frame assembly is removed from the pressure differential application device prior to attaching the display module to the frame. In a specific embodiment, the display module is attached to the frame by an adhesive, such as an optically clear adhesive. In other embodiments, the display module may be attached to the frame by a variety of mechanical attachment devices, such as screws, snap-on or snap-fit ​​parts. In a specific embodiment, a liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA) available from E3 Display is applied at a thickness of 125 μm to bond the display module to the frame, and the adhesive is then UV cured to obtain the assembled part.

[0128] 12 shows a graphical depiction of process 1400 including additional steps according to an example embodiment. In step 1425, the glass substrate supported on a frame is placed into an airtight container, shown as a plastic vacuum bag 1426. In a specific embodiment, a breather cloth is placed over the frame 158 / glass substrate 140 to provide connectivity to the vacuum ports on the surface of the component. Additionally, the breather cloth serves to absorb excess adhesive that may leak from the component during the process.

[0129] Next, at step 1430, a vacuum is pulled within the vacuum bag 1426. At step 1440, the vacuum bag 1426 containing the glass substrate and frame is placed into an autoclave 1442, which generates heat to cure the adhesive bonding the glass substrate to the frame. In a specific embodiment, the vacuum bag 1426 is placed in the autoclave at 66° C. / 90 psi (approximately 621 kPa) for a period of one hour to cure the adhesive. At step 1460, after attachment of the display module at step 1450, an assembled display assembly 1470 comprising the glass substrate (e.g., cover glass), display frame, and display module is complete with all parts attached together and ready for installation into the vehicle interior.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 13, a process 1500 for forming a display according to another embodiment is shown. Process 1500 is substantially similar to process 1400, except as noted herein. Rather than attaching the display module to the frame after bending the glass substrate and after the glass substrate is attached to the frame, process 1500 pre-attaches the display module to the frame at step 1510. In some such embodiments, the display module is bonded to the frame with an adhesive, which is cured during the same curing step that bonds the glass substrate to the frame. In such embodiments, the display module is bonded to the frame during the application of an air pressure differential that bends the glass substrate to fit the frame.

[0131] 14 and 15, a display assembly 1470 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the display assembly includes a frame 158 supporting both a display module 150 and a cover glass substrate, such as a glass substrate 140. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, both the display module 150 and the glass substrate 140 are coupled to the frame 158, and the display module 150 is positioned such that a user can view the display module 150 through the glass substrate 140. In various embodiments, the frame 158 may be formed from a variety of materials, including, but not limited to, plastics such as polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), PC / ABS blends, metals (such as Al alloys, Mg alloys, Fe alloys, etc.), glass-filled resins, fiber-reinforced plastics, and fiber-reinforced composites. Various processes, such as casting, machining, stamping, injection molding, extrusion, pultrusion, resin transfer molding, etc., may be utilized to form the curved shape of the frame 158.

[0132] In another example, a toughened epoxy adhesive (supplied by 3M under the trade name 3M Scotch Weld Epoxy DP460 Off-white) was applied to the main surface of the glass substrate or onto the curved frame using a coating gun and a mixing nozzle. A roller or brush was used to spread the adhesive evenly. The glass substrate and the frame were laminated or assembled such that the adhesive layer was between the glass substrate and the frame. A high temperature heat resistant tape was then applied to temporarily maintain the arrangement of the laminate. The laminate was then placed into a vacuum bag. In this example, a release cloth (optional) was placed over the laminate to prevent it from sticking to the vacuum bag, then a breather cloth was placed on top to provide connectivity to the vacuum port on the surface of the part, and finally the assembly of the laminate, release cloth and breather cloth was placed into a vacuum bag. The vacuum bag was then sealed to withstand 760 mm of Hg (approximately 101 kPa). The vacuum bag was then evacuated by pulling a vacuum, during which the glass substrate was bent to match the curved shape of the support surface of the frame. The vacuum bag containing the curved glass substrate and support frame was placed in an autoclave at 66° C. / 90 pounds per square inch (psi) (approximately 621 kPa) for a period of one hour to cure the adhesive. The glass substrate is bonded to the support surface of the curved frame by the cured adhesive. The autoclave was then allowed to cool to a temperature below 45° C. before the pressure was released. The curved glass substrate / frame laminate was removed from the vacuum bag. The resulting curved glass substrate maintained the curved shape of the frame and no delamination was visible to the naked eye. A display module may be incorporated into the laminate to provide a display assembly.

[0133] It should be understood that adhesive may be applied and depending on the cure schedule of the particular adhesive, the adhesive may be cured either at room temperature or at elevated temperature, or using UV, to assemble the cold bent laminate. In some embodiments, pressure may be applied along with heat. In some cases, only heat may be applied to the laminate. In one or more embodiments, heat may be applied such that the temperature of the laminate is within the range of from above room temperature (i.e., 23°C) to 300°C, from about 25°C to about 300°C, from about 50°C to about 300°C, from about 75°C to about 300°C, from about 100°C to about 300°C, from about 110°C to about 300°C, from about 115°C to about 300°C, from about 120°C to about 300°C, from about 150°C to about 300°C, from about 175°C to about 300°C, from about 200°C to about 300°C, from about 25°C to about 250°C, from about 25°C to about 200°C, from about 25°C to about 150°C, from about 25°C to about 125°C, from about 25°C to about 115°C, from about 25°C to about 110°C, or from about 25°C to about 100°C. The laminate may be heated to such temperatures for a period of time from about 2 seconds to about 24 hours, from 10 seconds to about 24 hours, from about 30 seconds to about 24 hours, from about 1 minute to about 24 hours, from about 10 minutes to about 24 hours, from about 15 minutes to about 24 hours, from about 20 minutes to about 24 hours, from about 30 minutes to about 24 hours, from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, from about 1.5 hours to about 24 hours, from about 2 hours to about 24 hours, from about 3 hours to about 24 hours, from about 2 seconds to about 4.5 hours, from about 2 seconds to about 4 hours, from about 2 seconds to about 3 hours, from about 2 seconds to about 2 hours, from about 2 seconds to about 1.5 hours, from about 2 seconds to about 1 hour, from about 2 seconds to about 45 minutes, from about 2 seconds to about 30 minutes, from about 2 seconds to about 15 minutes, from about 2 seconds to about 10 minutes, from about 10 minutes to about 45 minutes, or from about 15 minutes to about 45 minutes.

[0134] In various embodiments, the systems and methods described herein allow a glass substrate to be formed to conform to a wide variety of curved shapes that may be present in a frame 158. As shown in FIG. 14, frame 158 has a support surface 155 having a curved shape that glass substrate 140 is shaped to conform to. In the specific embodiment shown in FIGs. 14 and 15, support surface 155 includes a convex portion 161 and a concave portion 163, and glass substrate 140 is shaped to conform to the curved shapes of portions 161 and 163.

[0135] It will be generally understood that both the opposing first and second major surfaces of the glass substrate 140 form a curved shape when the glass substrate is bent to follow the curved shape of the frame's support surface 155. With reference to FIG. 15, the first major surface 1471 of the glass substrate 140 is the surface in contact with the frame's support surface 155 and assumes the complementary shape of the frame's support surface 155 during bending, while the outer second major surface 1472 of the glass substrate 140 assumes a curved shape that generally matches the curved shape of the frame's support surface 155. Thus, in this arrangement, the second major surface 1472 has a convex portion at the location of the convex portion 161 of the frame's support surface 155 and a concave portion at the location of the concave portion 163 of the frame's support surface 155. Conversely, first major surface 1471 has a concave portion at the location of convex portion 161 of support surface 155 of the frame, and a convex portion at the location of concave portion 163 of support surface 155 of the frame.

[0136] In a specific embodiment, the radius of curvature of the convex portion 161 is 250 mm and the radius of curvature of the concave portion 163 is 60 mm. In some embodiments, a non-curved central portion is located between the two curved portions. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass substrate 140 is a chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 0.4 mm.

[0137] 14 and 15 provide specific examples of glass substrates formed with multiple curved portions, it should be understood that in various embodiments, the processes and systems described herein can be used to form a wide variety of curved substrates having more or less curved portions than those shown in Figures 14 and 15. Additionally, while the exemplary embodiments described herein are primarily described with respect to bending display cover glass, it should be understood that the glass substrate 140 may be formed for any non-display curved glass application, such as a cover glass for an instrument panel in a vehicle.

[0138] 16A-16I, another aspect of the disclosure relates to kits for providing displays and methods of assembling such kits to provide displays. FIGs. 16A-16I show cold bent glass 2010 positioned between a viewer and a display, the glass substrate having a concave curvature from the viewer's perspective. In one or more embodiments, the curvature may be convex or may have a combination of convex and concave portions having the same or different radii from one another. Referring to FIGs. 16A-16C, a kit 2000 according to one or more embodiments includes a cold bent glass substrate 2010 (as described herein according to one or more embodiments) and a frame 2020. In one or more embodiments, the cold bent glass substrate has a first major surface 2012, a second major surface 2014 opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface 2016 connecting the first and second major surfaces, a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, and the second major surface 2014 has a first radius of curvature. In the embodiments shown in Figures 16A-16F, the second major surface forms a concave surface that exhibits greater compressive stress than the same surface exhibits prior to cold bending. In some embodiments, the second major surface exhibits greater compressive stress than the first major surface. A frame 2020 has a curved surface 2022 that is bonded to the second major surface of the cold bent glass substrate. The frame may be bonded to the glass substrate by adhesive or mechanical means. In one or more embodiments, the curved surface 2022 may have a radius of curvature substantially the same as the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the curved surface 2022 has a radius of curvature the same as the first radius of curvature. The cold bent glass substrate has a thickness of about 1.5 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the width of the cold bent glass substrate ranges from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, and the length of the cold bent glass substrate is from about 5 cm to about 250 cm. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is 500 nm or more. The glass substrate may be tempered as described herein.

[0139] In one or more embodiments, the kit includes a display module. As shown in the embodiment of Figures 16B and 16C, the display module includes a display with a second glass substrate 2030 and an optional backlight unit 2040. In some embodiments, the display module includes only a display (without a backlight unit 2040), as shown in Figure 16E. In such embodiments, the backlight unit may be provided separately and attached to the display, as shown in Figure 16F. In one or more embodiments, the display may be a liquid crystal display or an OLED display. In one or more embodiments, the kit may include a touch panel instead of or in addition to the display module (the touch panel would be disposed between the cold bent glass substrate and the display module). In the embodiment shown in Figures 16B and 16C, the display or touch panel includes a curved second glass substrate 2030. In such embodiments, the second glass substrate has a display surface or a curved touch panel surface with a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In embodiments where an OLED display is used, the curved surface of the OLED display or base has a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 16C, 16E, 16F, 16H and 16I, the kit includes an adhesive layer 2050 for attaching the second glass substrate 2030 to the cold bent glass substrate or frame. The adhesive layer may be disposed on the cold bent glass substrate on its side that is to be attached to the second glass substrate. In the embodiments shown in Figures 16A-16I, the adhesive layer is disposed on the first major surface. In one or more embodiments, the adhesive layer may be disposed on the second glass substrate or on both the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate. The adhesive 2050 may be an optically clear adhesive, such as an optically clear adhesive as described herein.In one or more embodiments, after the cold bent glass substrate 2010 and the curved second glass substrate 2030 are laminated, such a laminate is believed to impart lower stress to any adhesive layer disposed thereon. In one or more embodiments, the second radius of curvature may be within 5%, 4%, 3%, or 2% of the first radius of curvature. In some embodiments, the cold bent glass substrate (and corresponding frame) and the second glass substrate are substantially aligned such that, after lamination, less than 2% of the width, less than 2% of the length, or less than 2% of both the width and length of the cold bent glass substrate is misaligned (i.e., exposed) with the curved second glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, after lamination, less than 5% of the surface area of ​​the first major surface 2012 is misaligned or exposed with the second glass substrate. In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive may be increased to improve alignment between the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate.

[0140] As shown in Figures 16C, 16E, 16F, 16H or 16I, the kit may include a second glass substrate attached to the first major surface 2012. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate is attached to a frame 2020 (not shown). It should be understood that the frame 2020 may have the features of the frame 158 described herein. As shown in the embodiments of Figures 16D and 16G, the second glass substrate 2030 is substantially flat and cold bendable to a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature. As shown in Figures 16D through 16F, the second glass substrate may be cold bent to the second radius of curvature and attached to a cold bent glass substrate or, optionally, a frame (not shown). In such embodiments, the second glass substrate 2030 or cold bent glass substrate 2010 may include an adhesive layer for standard attachment of the second glass substrate to the cold bent glass substrate or frame. In one or more specific embodiments, the first major surface 2012 includes an adhesive disposed thereon. In such embodiments, the adhesive may be a composite or optically clear adhesive that exhibits a different Young's modulus value on the surface in contact with or adjacent to the first major surface than the opposite surface in contact with or adjacent to the second glass substrate. It is believed that the second glass substrate may impart a lower stress on the adhesive layer and therefore a lower bending force would be required to cold bend the second glass substrate into a cold bent glass substrate. In some such embodiments, the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate are substantially aligned such that, after lamination, less than 2% of the width, less than 2% of the length, or less than 2% of both the width and length of the cold bent glass substrate is not aligned with the second glass substrate (i.e., the non-aligned portions are exposed). In one or more embodiments, after lamination, less than 5% of the surface area of ​​the first major surface 2012 is not aligned with or exposed to the second glass substrate.

[0141] The backlight unit may be curved, as shown in Figures 16B-16C and 16F, and in some embodiments, the backlight unit exhibits a third radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature, within 10% of the second radius of curvature, or within 10% of the first and second radii of curvature.

[0142] In the embodiments shown in Figures 16H-16I, the display comprises a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and attached to the first major surface. In such embodiments, the second glass substrate or cold bent glass substrate comprises an adhesive layer 2050 that attaches the second glass substrate to the cold bent glass substrate (either directly to the first major surface or as part of a frame). In such embodiments, the adhesive attaches the cold bent glass substrate to the flat second glass substrate. As can be seen, in one or more embodiments, the adhesive layer has a substantially flat first surface and an opposing second surface having a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In such embodiments, the adhesive may be a liquid optically clear adhesive. In some embodiments, the first radius of curvature is in the range of about 500 nm to about 1000 nm.

[0143] In one or more embodiments, in the kits shown in Figures 16A-16I, there may be an air gap between the second glass substrate and the cold-bent glass substrate (i.e., the first major surface). In one or more embodiments, the adhesive layer may be present only on a portion of the cold-bent glass substrate and / or the second glass substrate such that there is no connection between a portion of the cold-bent glass substrate and a portion of the second glass substrate (because there is no adhesive to form such a connection).

[0144] Figures 17A-17I show various embodiments of a kit 3000 that includes a frame 3020 removably or temporarily attached to a cold bent glass substrate 3010. Figures 17A-17I show a convex curvature, with the cold bent glass substrate 3010 positioned between the viewer and the display. In one or more embodiments, the curvature may be concave or have a combination of convex and concave portions with the same or different radii from one another. In one or more embodiments, the kit has a first major surface 3012, a second major surface 3014 opposite the first major surface and having a first radius of curvature, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces, a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, the second major surface having a first radius of curvature, and a removable frame 3020 removably coupled to the second major surface. It should be understood that the frame 3020 may have the features of the frame 158 described herein. In one or more embodiments, the frame has a curved surface coupled to the second major surface. The curved surface of the frame may have the same radius of curvature as the first radius of curvature. 17A-17I, the second major surface forms a concave surface that exhibits greater compressive stress than the same surface exhibited prior to cold bending. In some embodiments, the second major surface exhibits greater compressive stress than the first major surface.

[0145] The cold bent glass substrate has a thickness of about 1.5 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the width of the cold bent glass substrate ranges from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, and the length of the cold bent glass substrate is from about 5 cm to about 250 cm. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is 500 nm or more. The glass substrate may be tempered as described herein.

[0146] In one or more embodiments shown in Figures 17A-17I, the kit includes a display module. As shown in Figures 17B and 17C, the display module includes a display with a second glass substrate 3030 and an optional backlight unit 3040. In some embodiments, the display module includes only a display (without a backlight unit 3040), as shown in Figure 17E. In such embodiments, the backlight unit or other mechanism or structure may be provided separately and attached as shown in Figure 17F to maintain the curved shape of the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate after the removable frame is removed. In one or more embodiments, the display may be a liquid crystal display or an OLED display. In one or more embodiments, the kit may include a touch panel instead of or in addition to the display module (the touch panel would be disposed between the cold bent glass substrate and the display module). In the embodiment shown in Figures 17B and 17C, the display or touch panel includes a curved second glass substrate 3030. In such embodiments, the second glass substrate has a curved display surface or a curved touch panel surface with a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate is curved and may have sufficient rigidity or structure to maintain the cold bent shape of the cold bent glass substrate after the removable frame is removed. In embodiments where an OLED display is used, the curved surface of the OLED display or base has a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 17C, 17E, 17F, 17H and 17I, the kit includes an adhesive layer 3050 for attaching the second glass substrate to the cold bent glass substrate (specifically, the first major surface 3012).The adhesive layer may be provided on the cold bent glass substrate (i.e., the first major surface), on the second glass substrate, or on both the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate. The adhesive 3050 may be an optically clear adhesive, such as an optically clear adhesive as described herein. After the cold bent glass substrate 3010 and the curved second glass substrate 3030 are laminated together, in one or more embodiments as shown in Figures 17B and 17C, such a laminate is believed to provide lower stress to any adhesive layer disposed thereon. In one or more embodiments, after the cold bent glass substrate 3010 and the curved second glass substrate 3030 are laminated together, the second radius of curvature may be within 5%, within 4%, within 3%, or within 2% of the first radius of curvature. In some embodiments, the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate are substantially aligned such that, after lamination, less than 2% of the width, less than 2% of the length, or less than 2% of both the width and length of the cold bent glass substrate is misaligned (i.e., exposed) with the second glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, less than 5% of the surface area of ​​the first major surface 3012 is misaligned or exposed with the second glass substrate after lamination. In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive may be increased to improve alignment between the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate.

[0147] As shown in Figures 17C, 17E, 17F, 17H or 17I, the kit may include a second glass substrate attached to the first major surface 3012. As shown in Figures 17D and 17G, the second glass substrate 3030 may be substantially flat and cold bendable to a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature. As shown in Figures 17D through 17F, the second glass substrate may be cold bendable to a second radius of curvature and attached to a cold bent glass substrate (i.e., the first major surface 3012). In such embodiments, the second glass substrate 3030 or the cold bent glass substrate 3010 may include an adhesive layer for attaching the second glass substrate to the cold bent glass substrate in a prescribed manner. In one or more specific embodiments, the adhesive layer may be disposed on the first major surface. In such embodiments, the adhesive may be a composite or optically clear adhesive that exhibits a different Young's modulus value on the surface in contact with or adjacent to the first major surface than the opposite surface in contact with or adjacent to the second glass substrate. It is believed that the second glass substrate may impart a lower stress on the adhesive layer and therefore a lower bending force would be required to cold bend the second glass substrate into a cold bent glass substrate. In some such embodiments, the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate are substantially aligned such that, after lamination, less than 2% of the width, less than 2% of the length, or less than 2% of both the width and length of the cold bent glass substrate is not aligned with the second glass substrate (i.e., the non-aligned portion is exposed). In one or more embodiments, after lamination, less than 5% of the surface area of ​​the first major surface 3012 is not aligned with or exposed to the second glass substrate.

[0148] A curved backlight unit 3040 may be attached to the second glass substrate 3030, as shown in Figures 17B-17C and 17F. In some embodiments, the backlight unit 3040 exhibits a third radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature, within 10% of the second radius of curvature, or within 10% of the first and second radii of curvature. In such embodiments, the backlight unit 3040 provides structure to maintain the curved shape of the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate after the removable frame is removed, as shown in Figures 17C and 17F. If a touch panel is included, a corresponding structure is attached to the second glass substrate opposite the surface that is or will be attached to the cold bent glass substrate.

[0149] In the embodiments shown in Figures 17H-17I, the display includes a second glass substrate 3030 that is substantially flat and attached to a first major surface. In such embodiments, a frame 3020 maintains the curved shape of the cold bent glass substrate, and the second glass substrate 3030 or the cold bent glass substrate 3010 includes an adhesive layer 3050 that attaches the second glass substrate to the first major surface. In such embodiments, the adhesive attaches the cold bent glass substrate to the flat second glass substrate. As can be seen, in one or more embodiments, the adhesive layer has a substantially flat first surface and an opposing second surface having a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In such embodiments, the adhesive may be a liquid optically clear adhesive. In some embodiments, the first radius of curvature is in the range of about 500 nm to about 1000 nm. In such embodiments, the adhesive layer is a structural adhesive that provides structure to maintain the curved shape of the cold bent glass substrate after the frame is removed, as shown in FIG. 17I.

[0150] In one or more embodiments, there may be an air gap between the second glass substrate and the cold bent glass substrate (i.e., the first major surface). In one or more embodiments, the adhesive layer may be present only on a portion of the cold bent glass substrate and / or the second glass substrate such that there is no connection between the portion of the cold bent glass substrate and the portion of the second glass substrate (because there is no adhesive to form such a connection).

[0151] 18A-18B show a kit including a flexible glass substrate 4010 having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces, a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, and a curved display module 4020 or curved touch panel having a first radius of curvature as shown in FIG. 18A. FIGS. 18A-18B show a convex curvature where the flexible glass substrate 4010 is disposed between a viewer and a display. In one or more embodiments, the curvature may be concave or may have a combination of convex and concave portions having the same or different radii from one another.

[0152] The flexible glass substrate 4010 has a thickness of about 1.5 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the width of the flexible glass substrate ranges from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, and the length of the flexible glass substrate is from about 5 cm to about 250 cm. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is 500 nm or more. In one or more embodiments, the flexible glass substrate may be strengthened as described herein.

[0153] As shown in Figures 18A and 18B, the display module comprises a display including a second glass substrate 4030, and a backlight unit 4040 or other structure for maintaining the curved shape of the curved display module 4020. In some embodiments, the display module comprises only a display (without a backlight unit 4040), as shown in Figures 16E and 18F. In such embodiments, the backlight unit may be provided separately and attached to the display, as shown in Figure 18G. In one or more embodiments, the display may be a liquid crystal display or an OLED display. In the embodiment shown in Figure 18B, the display is curved and comprises a second glass substrate 4030 exhibiting a first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the kit includes a curved touch panel instead of or in addition to the curved display module (the touch panel would be disposed between the cold bent glass substrate and the curved display module). In such embodiments, the curved touch panel includes a second glass substrate that may be curved and optionally provide structural rigidity to maintain the curved shape (even after being attached to the flexible glass substrate as shown in FIG. 18B). In some embodiments, the kit includes an adhesive layer 4050 for attaching the second glass substrate 4030 to the flexible glass substrate 4010 (i.e., the first major surface 4012). The adhesive layer may be provided on the flexible glass substrate (i.e., the first major surface), on the second glass substrate, or on both the flexible glass substrate and the second glass substrate. The adhesive 4050 may be an optically clear adhesive, such as an optically clear adhesive as described herein. In one or more embodiments, after the flexible glass substrate is cold bent and laminated to the curved display module or touch panel, the second major surface 4014 exhibits a second radius of curvature that is within 10%, within 5%, within 4%, within 3%, or within 2% of the first radius of curvature.In embodiments where an OLED display is used, the curved surface of the OLED display or base has a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In the embodiment shown in Figure 18B, the second major surface forms a concave surface that exhibits greater compressive stress than the same surface exhibited prior to cold bending. In some embodiments, the second major surface exhibits greater compressive stress than the first major surface.

[0154] In some embodiments, the resulting cold bent glass substrate (and corresponding frame) and second glass substrate are substantially aligned such that, after lamination, less than 2% of the width, less than 2% of the length, or less than 2% of both the width and length of the cold bent glass substrate is misaligned (i.e., exposed) with the second glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, less than 5% of the surface area of ​​the first major surface 4012 is misaligned or exposed with the second glass substrate after lamination. In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive may be increased to improve alignment between the cold bent glass substrate and the second glass substrate.

[0155] In one or more embodiments, it is believed that by minimizing the thickness of the flexible glass substrate (i.e., within the ranges described herein), stress on any adhesive layers disposed therein will be minimized after the flexible glass substrate 4010 has been cold bent and laminated to the curved second glass substrate 4030. In one or more embodiments, the kit includes a bezel formed on the flexible glass substrate to reduce stress on the flexible glass substrate when cold bent.

[0156] As shown in FIG. 18B, the second glass substrate is attached to the first major surface 4012. As shown in FIG. 18A, the flexible glass substrate 4010 is substantially flat and cold bendable to a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. As shown in FIG. 18B, the flexible glass substrate is cold bent to the second radius of curvature and attached to the second glass substrate. As shown in FIGS. 18A-18B, the backlight unit is curved, providing a structure that maintains the cold bent shape of the second glass substrate and the flexible glass substrate (after being cold bent to the second glass substrate). In some embodiments, the backlight unit exhibits a third radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature, within 10% of the second radius of curvature, or within 10% of the first and second radii of curvature. In some embodiments, the second glass substrate is curved and capable of maintaining the curved shape of the cold bent glass substrate together with the backlight unit or other structure.

[0157] In one or more embodiments, there may be an air gap between the second glass substrate and the cold bent glass substrate (i.e., the first major surface). In such embodiments, the adhesive layer may be present only on a portion of the cold bent glass substrate and / or the second glass substrate such that there is no connection between the portion of the cold bent glass substrate and the portion of the second glass substrate (because there is no adhesive present to form such a connection).

[0158] 19A-19E illustrate an embodiment of a method of forming a display. FIGS. 19A-19E illustrate a convex curvature; however, the curvature may be concave or have a combination of convex and concave portions having the same or different radii from one another. In one or more embodiments, the method 5000 includes cold bending a laminate 5001 to a first radius of curvature measured on a first surface 5005 of the laminate. The laminate may be a display laminate, a touch panel laminate, or a laminate including a touch panel and a display. In one or more embodiments, the display may be a liquid crystal display or an OLED display. The laminate is shown in FIG. 19A and includes a first glass substrate 5010 having a first major surface 5012 forming a first surface of the display laminate and a second major surface 5014 opposite the first major surface, and a display and / or touch panel module disposed on the second major surface 5014. In the illustrated embodiment, the display and / or touch panel includes a second glass substrate 5030. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19A, the laminate is placed on a frame 5020 before and during cold bending to maintain the cold bent shape of the laminate. It should be understood that the frame 5020 may have the features of frame 158 described herein. In one or more embodiments, the method includes laminating the display and / or touch panel module to a second major surface such that the second glass substrate (or other portion of the display and / or touch panel) has a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is in the range of about 20 mm to about 1500 mm. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 19A-19E, after cold bending, the second major surface forms a concave surface that exhibits a greater compressive stress than the same surface exhibited prior to cold bending. In some embodiments, the second major surface exhibits a greater compressive stress than the first major surface. In one or more embodiments, the method includes cold bending the laminate by drawing a vacuum on a first surface to create a first radius of curvature.In one or more embodiments, the step of drawing a vacuum includes placing the laminate on a vacuum fixture before drawing a vacuum on the first surface. In the embodiment shown in Figure 19A, the method includes applying an adhesive layer 5050 between the second glass substrate and the first glass substrate before cold bending the laminate. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is disposed on a portion of the second glass substrate or the first glass substrate.

[0159] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19A, the display module may include a cold bendable backlight unit 5040 disposed on a second glass substrate opposite the first glass substrate. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 19C-19E, the module includes only a display or touch panel (without the backlight unit 5040). In such embodiments, the backlight unit or other mechanism or structure may be provided separately and attached to the display or touch panel as shown in FIG. 19E to maintain the curved shape of the display stack. In some embodiments, the frame 5020 may be removed if the backlight unit, second glass substrate, or other components provide suitable structure to maintain the curved shape of the cold bent glass substrate. In some embodiments, the frame and backlight unit work together to maintain the cold bent shape. Thus, in one or more embodiments, cold bending and / or laminating the display stack includes attaching the backlight unit to a second glass substrate opposite the first glass substrate, where the backlight unit is optionally curved to exhibit a second radius of curvature.

[0160] In one or more embodiments, the method includes attaching a frame to a first glass substrate to maintain a first radius of curvature while simultaneously cold bending and laminating the display laminate. In one or more embodiments, the first glass substrate used in the method is tempered. In one or more embodiments, the second glass substrate is not tempered. In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the second glass substrate is greater than the thickness of the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the method includes placing the display within a vehicle interior system.

[0161] A fourth aspect of the present disclosure relates to a frame for a vehicle interior system (i.e., a frame for use in a vehicle interior system). In one or more embodiments, a frame 158, shown in FIG. 21, includes a first frame surface 1581, a second frame surface 1582 (as shown in FIG. 23) opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge 1583, with a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface. The frame 158 has a frame width 1584 defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length 1585 defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width. The frame may include a polymeric material, a metallic material, or a combination thereof, as described herein. The frame may be formed by a variety of processes, such as casting, machining, stamping, injection molding, extrusion, pultrusion, resin transfer molding, and other methods known in the art. In one or more embodiments, the frame thickness can be in the range of about 1 mm to about 20 mm, e.g., about 2 mm to about 20 mm, about 3 mm to about 20 mm, about 4 mm to about 20 mm, about 5 mm to about 20 mm, about 6 mm to about 20 mm, about 7 mm to about 20 mm, about 8 mm to about 20 mm, about 9 mm to about 20 mm, about 10 mm to about 20 mm, about 12 mm to about 20 mm, about 1 mm to about 18 mm, about 1 mm to about 16 mm, about 1 mm to about 15 mm, about 1 mm to about 14 mm, about 1 mm to about 12 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 1 mm to about 8 mm, about 1 mm to about 6 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 4 mm, about 1 mm to about 3 mm, about 1 mm to about 2 mm, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0162] In one or more embodiments, the first frame surface 1581 has a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more, hi one or more embodiments, the frame radius of curvature is about 40 mm or more, 50 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 100 mm or more, 250 mm or more, or 500 mm or more. For example, the frame radius of curvature may be from about 20 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 40 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 50 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 140 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 150 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 160 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 180 mm to about 1500 mm, about 200 mm to about 1500 mm, about 220 mm to about 1500 mm, about 240 mm to about 1500 mm, about 250 mm to about 1500 mm, about 260 mm to about 1500 mm, about 270 mm to about 1500 mm, about 280 mm to about 1500 mm, about 290 mm to about 1500 mm, about 300 mm to about 1500 mm, about 350 mm to about 1500 mm, about 400 mm to about 1500 mm, about 450 mm to about 1500 mm, about 500 mm to about 1500 mm m, about 550mm to about 1500mm, about 600mm to about 1500mm, about 650mm to about 1500mm, about 700mm to about 1500mm, about 750mm to about 1500mm, about 800mm to about 1500mm, about 900mm to about 1500mm, about 950mm to about 1500mm, about 1000mm to about 1500mm, about 1250mm to about 1500mm, about 20mm to about 1400mm, about 20mm to about 1300mm, about 20mm to about 1200mm, about 20mm to about 1100mm, about 20mm to about 1000mm, about 20mm to about 950mm, about 20mm to about 900mm, about 20mm to about 850mm, about 20mm to about 800mm, about 20mm to about 750mm, about 20mm to about 700mm, about 20mm to about 650mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 550mm, about 20mm to about 500mm, about 20mm to about 450mm, about 20mm to about 400mm, about 20mm to about 350mm, about 20mm to about 300mm,About 20mm to about 250mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 150mm, about 20mm to about 100mm, about 20mm to about 50mm, about 60mm to about 1400mm, about 60mm to about 1300mm, about 60mm to about 1200mm, about 60mm to about 1100mm, about 60mm to about 1000mm, about 60mm to about 950mm, about 60mm to about 900mm, about 60mm to about 850mm m, about 60 mm to about 800 mm, about 60 mm to about 750 mm, about 60 mm to about 700 mm, about 60 mm to about 650 mm, about 60 mm to about 600 mm, about 60 mm to about 550 mm, about 60 mm to about 500 mm, about 60 mm to about 450 mm, about 60 mm to about 400 mm, about 60 mm to about 350 mm, about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or about 60 mm to about 250 mm.

[0163] In one or more embodiments, the frame radius of curvature referred to herein is the minimum radius of curvature of the first frame surface when the frame radius of curvature varies over its area. In one or more embodiments, the frame radius of curvature may be the minimum radius of curvature adjacent to the frame opening (as described herein). When comparing the frame radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature of the glass substrate, the location of the frame radius of curvature is the same or close to the location of the first radius of curvature. In other words, the frame radius of curvature of the frame is measured at the same or approximately the same location as the first radius of curvature is measured on the glass substrate or any other surface of the comparison. In one or more embodiments, the term "close" when used in reference to the frame radius of curvature and the first radius of curvature means that the frame radius of curvature and the first radius of curvature are measured at locations within a distance of 10 cm, 5 cm, or 2 cm of each other.

[0164] In one or more embodiments, the first frame surface can be attached to a glass substrate (e.g., 140, as shown in FIGS. 2-4 and 7) having a width (W in FIG. 4) greater than the frame width 1584 or a length (L in FIG. 4) greater than the frame length 1585. In other words, the first frame surface is adapted to or is adapted to attach to a glass substrate (such as glass substrate 140 described herein according to one or more embodiments), or more specifically, to the second major surface 144 (as shown in FIG. 7) of a glass substrate. As previously described, the frame provides support to the glass substrate and may not surround any portion of the minor surface of the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, a bezel may be added adjacent to the minor surface of the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the bezel may be a separate component from the frame and may be attached to the frame or base of the vehicle interior, if desired.

[0165] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, the frame includes a frame opening 1586 extending from a first frame surface 1581 to a second frame surface for accommodating a display module, which may include a display module 150 described herein in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0166] In one or more embodiments, when the glass substrate 140 is attached to the first frame surface 1581, the glass substrate (i.e., either the first or second major surface) has a first radius of curvature that is within 20% of the frame radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature of the glass substrate is about 19% or less, about 18% or less, about 17% or less, about 16% or less, about 15% or less, about 14% or less, about 13% or less, about 12% or less, about 11% or less, about 10% or less, about 9% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, or about 5% or less of the frame radius of curvature. For example, if the frame radius of curvature is 1000 mm, the first radius of curvature of the glass substrate is in the range of about 800 mm to about 1200 mm. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate (i.e., either the first or second frame surface) has a first radius of curvature that is 15% to about 35% of the frame radius of curvature when the frame has a frame thickness of about 1 mm or less.

[0167] In one or more embodiments, the frame may be characterized with respect to its stiffness. In one or more embodiments, the stiffness may be characterized according to the frame thickness, the radius of curvature of the glass substrate, and the thickness of the glass substrate. For example, in an embodiment where the glass substrate has a radius of curvature of 85 mm and a thickness of 0.55 mm, the frame may have a Young's modulus of 2 GPa and may be used to achieve a radius of curvature within 20%, or even within 10%, of the radius of curvature of the glass substrate. The relationships between frame thickness, frame stiffness, glass thickness, radius of curvature of the glass substrate, and target radius of curvature of the frame are shown in Tables 2-5.

[0168] [Table 2-1]

[0169] [Table 2-2]

[0170]

Table 3-1

[0171]

Table 3-2

[0172]

Table 4-1

[0173]

Table 4-2

[0174]

Table 5-1

[0175]

Table 5-2

[0176] In one or more embodiments, a display module (such as 150 as described herein) is disposed within the frame opening 1586. In one or more embodiments, the display module has a display width that is less than the frame width or a display length that is less than the frame length. In one or more embodiments, both the display width and the display length are less than the frame width and frame length, respectively. For example, the frame width may be from about 5 cm to about 250 cm (e.g., from about 10 cm to about 250 cm, from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250 cm, from about 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm, from about 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, from about 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, from about 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, from about 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, from about 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, from about 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, from about 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, from about 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0177] In one or more embodiments, the frame length is from about 5 cm to about 250 cm (e.g., from about 10 cm to about 250 cm, from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250 cm, from about 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm, from about 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, from about 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, from about 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, from about 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, from about 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, from about 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, from about 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, from about 110 cm to about 250 cm, 50 cm, about 120 cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0178] In one or more embodiments, the frame width is greater than the display width. In some cases, the frame width is 1.1 or more times the display width. In some cases, the frame width is 1.2 or more times, 1.25 or more times, 1.3 or more times, 1.4 or more times, 1.5 or more times, or 1.6 or more times the display width. In one or more embodiments, the frame length is greater than the display length. In some cases, the frame length is 1.1 or more times, 1.2 or more times the display length. In some cases, the frame length is 1.2 or more times, 1.25 or more times, 1.3 or more times, 1.4 or more times, 1.5 or more times, or 1.6 or more times the display length.

[0179] In one or more embodiments, the frame width is equal to or less than the width of the glass substrate. For example, the frame width may be equal to or less than 0.9 times the width of the glass substrate (e.g., 0.85 times or less, 0.8 times or less, 0.75 times or less, 0.7 times or less, or about 0.6 times or less). In other words, the width of the glass substrate may be equal to or greater than the frame width (e.g., 1.1 times or more, 1.15 times or more, 1.2 times or more, 1.25 times or more, 1.3 times or more, or 1.4 times or more). In one or more embodiments, the frame width is equal to or less than the width of the glass substrate. For example, the frame length may be equal to or less than 0.9 times the length of the glass substrate (e.g., 0.85 times or less, 0.8 times or less, 0.75 times or less, 0.7 times or less, or about 0.6 times or less). In other words, the length of the glass substrate can be greater than or equal to the frame length (eg, 1.1 times or more, 1.15 times or more, 1.2 times or more, 1.25 times or more, 1.3 times or more, or 1.4 times or more).

[0180] In one or more embodiments, the frame includes a plurality of frame openings for receiving a plurality of display modules and / or touch panels. In one or more embodiments, the frame opening is configured to receive one or more curved display modules. In one or more embodiments, the frame opening 1586 includes an interior surface 1587 that defines the opening. The interior surface 1587 can provide or allow mechanical alignment of the display module (and / or touch panel) when placing the display module (and / or touch panel) in the frame opening. This allows the display module (and / or touch panel) to be properly positioned relative to the glass substrate and the vehicle interior. Without the interior surface, the display module (and / or touch panel) must be properly positioned relative to the glass substrate using visual or optical alignment means. This can be costly and result in increased production time. Thus, the frame 158 serves as a carrier for forming the vehicle interior system described herein. The frame supports the glass substrate and facilitates assembly with the display module (and / or touch panel) to form the display 130. In one or more embodiments, the interior surface 1587 and the first frame surface 1581 form or define an opaque boundary that surrounds a display module (and / or touch panel) if it is to be placed in the frame opening. In such embodiments, the first frame surface and the interior surface eliminate the need for a decorative coating or film that is placed around the display (i.e., the viewing area) where the image or icon is shown. Such a coating or film is often opaque, and often black, to set off the viewing area from the surrounding area.

[0181] FIG. 22 illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary display (e.g., 130, 230, 330) for use in a vehicle interior system (100, 200, and / or 300). The display includes a back housing 180, an optional display module holder 170, a display module 150, a frame 158, and a glass substrate 140. In this embodiment, the frame 158 serves as the front housing of the display. In another example, the frame may form the back housing of the vehicle interior system or the display. In one or more embodiments, the frame may serve as the entire housing of the vehicle interior system or the display. In some embodiments, the frame may also serve as the display holder 170, eliminating the need for a separate display holder. In one or more embodiments, the frame may include an additional mounting system for attachment to a vehicle base, as described elsewhere herein. The mounting system may include adhesives, clips, clamps, snap-on components, and the like.

[0182] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate and the frame form a cover glass-frame system for a vehicle interior system, as shown in Figures 20A-20C. In one or more embodiments, the cover glass-frame system comprises a frame as described herein (having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, a frame edge, a frame thickness, a frame width, a frame length, and a frame opening), and a glass substrate disposed on and attached to the first frame surface of the frame. The glass substrate may include a glass substrate as described elsewhere herein (e.g., having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, a minor surface, a thickness, a width, and a length). In one or more embodiments, the width of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame width, the length of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame length, and the thickness is 1.5 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate is substantially free of holes or openings. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate is thin to enable touch functionality between the first or second major surface and a touch panel disposed below the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate completely covers the frame opening. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate extends across the entire area of ​​the frame. In one or more embodiments, the portion of the glass substrate that extends across the frame opening may be curved or flat.

[0183] In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate may be curved. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be flat or curved. If a curved glass substrate is used, the glass substrate may be a cold bent glass substrate, as described herein. In one or more alternative embodiments, the glass may be hot formed and frame features may be used to improve assembly and functionality of the cover glass-frame system and / or vehicle interior system. In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate may be flat. In one or more embodiments, the second frame surface may be flat.

[0184] When one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate are curved, the one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate may exhibit (at one or both of the first and second major surfaces) a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more (e.g., about 40 mm or more, 50 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 100 mm or more, 250 mm or more, or 500 mm or more). For example, the first frame surface and / or the glass substrate (on either or both of the first and second major surfaces) may be from about 20 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 40 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 50 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 140mm to about 1500mm, about 150mm to about 1500mm, about 160mm to about 1500mm, about 180mm to about 1500mm, about 200mm to about 1500mm, about 220mm to about 1500mm, about 240mm to about 1500mm, about 250mm to about 1500mm, about 260mm to about 1500mm, about 270mm to about 1500mm, about 280mm to about 1500mm, about 290mm to about 1500mm, about 300mm to about 1500mm, About 350mm to about 1500mm, about 400mm to about 1500mm, about 450mm to about 1500mm, about 500mm to about 1500mm, about 550mm to about 1500mm, about 600mm to about 1500mm, about 650mm to about 1500mm, about 700mm to about 1500mm, about 750mm to about 1500mm, about 800mm to about 1500mm, about 900mm to about 1500mm, about 950mm to about 1500mm, about 1000mm to about 1500 mm, about 1250 mm to about 1500 mm, about 20 mm to about 1400 mm, about 20 mm to about 1300 mm, about 20 mm to about 1200 mm, about 20 mm to about 1100 mm, about 20 mm to about 1000 mm, about 20 mm to about 950 mm, about 20 mm to about 900 mm, about 20 mm to about 850 mm, about 20 mm to about 800 mm, about 20 mm to about 750 mm, about 20 mm to about 700 mm, about 20 mm to about 650 mm, about 20 mm to about 200 mm,about 20mm to about 550mm, about 20mm to about 500mm, about 20mm to about 450mm, about 20mm to about 400mm, about 20mm to about 350mm, about 20mm to about 300mm, about 20mm to about 250mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 150mm, about 20mm to about 100mm, about 20mm to about 50mm, about 60mm to about 1400mm, about 60mm to about 1300mm, about 60mm to about 1200mm, about 60mm to about 1100mm, about 60mm to about 1000mm, about It may have a radius of curvature within the range of 60 mm to about 950 mm, about 60 mm to about 900 mm, about 60 mm to about 850 mm, about 60 mm to about 800 mm, about 60 mm to about 750 mm, about 60 mm to about 700 mm, about 60 mm to about 650 mm, about 60 mm to about 600 mm, about 60 mm to about 550 mm, about 60 mm to about 500 mm, about 60 mm to about 450 mm, about 60 mm to about 400 mm, about 60 mm to about 350 mm, about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or about 60 mm to about 250 mm.

[0185] In one or more embodiments, the first frame surface has a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more (about 60 mm or more, or as described elsewhere herein), and the glass substrate has a radius of curvature within 10% of the frame radius of curvature (e.g., about 9% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, or about 5% or less).

[0186] In one or more embodiments, one or both of the frame width and frame length range from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, hi one or more embodiments, the frame width is equal to or less than the width of the glass substrate (as described elsewhere herein), and / or the frame length is equal to or less than the length of the glass substrate (as described elsewhere herein).

[0187] In one or more embodiments, the cover glass-frame system includes a display module disposed in a frame opening in the interior surface. In one or more embodiments, the display module has a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length, as described herein. In one or more embodiments, the frame includes a plurality of frame openings, each of which includes a display module and / or a touch panel. In one or more embodiments, the display module includes a curved display module.

[0188] As described elsewhere herein, the frame width is greater than the display width (as described herein) and / or the frame length is greater than the display length. In such embodiments, the frame allows for the use of standard display shapes and sizes while customizing the glass substrate to fit the design of the vehicle interior system. In such embodiments, the glass substrate may extend beyond the display module and / or touch panel. The glass substrate may be designed to have non-standard or large shapes, thereby giving the user the appearance of a custom vehicle interior system, while reducing costs by using standard display modules and touch panels. Additionally, multiple display modules and / or touch panels may be combined with one glass substrate and potentially one frame (i.e., one cover glass-frame system).

[0189] In one or more embodiments, the interior surface 1587 of the frame in the cover glass-frame system provides mechanical alignment of the display module in the frame opening, as described herein. The interior surface and the first frame surface may form an opaque boundary surrounding the display module. In such embodiments, the glass substrate may be transparent and may be substantially free of any opaque or translucent coatings or films (e.g., coatings or films having an average light transmittance of 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, or 10% or less across the visible spectrum from about 380 nm to about 720 nm).

[0190] In one or more embodiments, the frame and the glass substrate are integrally molded or intimately bonded. In one or more embodiments, the frame and the glass substrate act as a single unit. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that as the thickness of the glass substrate decreases and the radius of curvature of the glass substrate decreases (i.e., the curve becomes tighter), the probability of the glass substrate breaking increases if there is a compliance transfer between the frame and the glass substrate. As a result, it is believed that by providing the frame and the glass substrate as a single integral unit, the compliance transfer between the glass substrate and the frame is eliminated or minimized. In one or more embodiments, the attachment between the glass substrate and the frame allows the frame and the glass substrate to act as a single integral unit and to act quickly or fast enough to move as a single integral unit in response to an impact to one or both of the glass substrate and the frame. In some embodiments, the frame and the glass substrate are a single integral unit of low mass (i.e., compared to a display module). In one or more embodiments, the frame and glass substrate are integrally molded or intimately bonded to form a single integral unit that spans the entire area of ​​the glass substrate except for the frame opening. In one or more embodiments, the display module minimizes compliance shifts between the glass substrate and the frame at the frame opening. In some embodiments, the adhesive used to attach the display module to the glass substrate can further minimize compliance shifts.

[0191] In one or more embodiments, the frame and the glass substrate are attached to each other to form an integral unit that experiences substantially the same stresses before, during, and after an impact on either or both of the frame and the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the maximum stress exhibited by the frame due to an impact on a portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface. In one or more embodiments, the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across the entire first major surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame due to the impact. In one or more such embodiments, the impact described herein may be delivered by an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg. In one or more embodiments, before, at the end, and after an impact at an impact zone on either or both of the frame and the glass substrate, the glass substrate is substantially resistant to local bending at the impact zone.

[0192] In one or more embodiments, the coverglass-frame system may include a bezel 1590 that at least partially surrounds the minor surface 146 of the glass substrate 140. As shown in FIG. 23, the bezel 1590 may extend perpendicularly from the first major surface 1581 in a direction away from the second major surface 1582. As shown in FIG. 24, the bezel 1590 may form an extension of the frame edge 1583 and extend perpendicularly from the first major surface. The bezel may have a height equal to or greater than the thickness of the glass substrate. As shown in FIG. 23, the bezel of one or more embodiments may have a height equal to the thickness of the glass substrate such that the bezel is flush with the first or second major surface of the glass substrate. As shown in FIG. 24, the bezel may have a height greater than the thickness of the glass substrate such that the bezel protrudes and extends beyond the first or second major surface of the glass substrate.

[0193] In one or more embodiments, the bezel is made of a material that has a stiffness greater than that of the glass substrate or frame. For example, the bezel may be formed of a metal, such as aluminum, which may be lightweight. In one or more embodiments, the coverglass-frame system includes a cushion 1592 disposed between the bezel and the glass substrate, as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24. The cushion may include a material that has a low modulus and low durometer compared to both the glass substrate and the frame. The compliance of the cushion or the cushion thickness may be increased where the radius of curvature of the glass substrate is reduced or at its lowest value (i.e., where the curvature is tightest). In one or more embodiments, the bezel 1590 functions separately from the coverglass-frame system. In such embodiments, when an impact is applied to the bezel, the energy from the impact is absorbed by the bezel and the cushion, minimizing compliance transfer to the glass substrate and / or frame. In one or more embodiments, when energy from an impact is transferred to the glass substrate and / or frame, the glass substrate and frame move as a single integral unit in response to such transfer.

[0194] In one or more embodiments, the minor surface 146 of the glass substrate has an edge strength of about 200 MPa or more (e.g., about 250 MPa or more, about 300 MPa or more, about 350 MPa or more, or about 400 MPa or more) as measured by a four-point bend test. In one or more embodiments, the edge is strengthened by reducing the size of surface scratches on the minor surface. In one or more embodiments, the scratch size is reduced by removing a portion of the minor surface by chemical etching, mechanical polishing, or other means known in the art. In one or more embodiments, the minor surface has a maximum scratch size of 15 μm or less (e.g., about 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 2.5 μm or less, or 0.4 μm or less). In one or more embodiments, the first major surface and / or the second major surface are also reduced (by removing a portion of the major surface by chemical etching, mechanical polishing, or other means known in the art). In one or more embodiments, the first and / or second major surfaces have a maximum flaw size of 15 μm or less (eg, about 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 2.5 μm or less, or 0.4 μm or less).

[0195] In one or more embodiments, the cover glass-frame system includes an adhesive disposed between the display module and the glass substrate. Examples of suitable adhesives are described herein. In one or more embodiments, the interior surface 1587 contains the adhesive within the frame opening 1586. In one or more embodiments, containing the adhesive within the frame opening by the interior surface 1587 allows for control of the amount of adhesive used and the thickness of the adhesive between the display module and the glass substrate, thereby improving optical performance and increasing yields during manufacturing. In one or more embodiments, the adhesive may include a removable gel adhesive and may be characterized as compliant and compressible.

[0196] In one or more embodiments, the cover glass-frame system, as described elsewhere herein, includes an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate. In some embodiments, the second major surface of the glass substrate adjacent the display module includes an anti-reflective coating. In some cases, both the first and second major surfaces include an anti-reflective coating.

[0197] In one or more embodiments, the coverglass-frame system includes a mounting system for mounting the coverglass-frame system to a vehicle interior base. The mounting system may be configured to allow the coverglass-frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base after an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the coverglass-frame system. In one or more embodiments, the mounting system temporarily mounts the coverglass-frame system to the vehicle interior base. In one example, the mounting system includes a magnet system including one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base. In another example, the mounting system includes a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding plurality of pins of the vehicle interior base. In another example, the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the coverglass-frame system.

[0198] In one or more embodiments, when an impacting member having a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first major surface of the glass substrate of the coverglass-frame system (optionally including the display module) with an impact velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impacting member is less than 120 g (the acceleration of gravity). In one or more embodiments, the deceleration of the impacting member is less than 80 g for any 3 millisecond interval over the time of the impact.

[0199] In one or more embodiments, the cover glass-frame system includes a scratch resistant film or coating disposed on the first major surface, hi one or more embodiments, the scratch resistant film is removable.

[0200] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a method of forming a cover glass system for a vehicle interior system. In one or more embodiments, the method includes providing a frame as described elsewhere herein, which may be flat or curved, as shown in FIG. 25A, and attaching a glass substrate 140 (as described herein) to the frame, as shown in FIG. 25B. The frame 158 acts as a carrier for the glass substrate in a further step. In one or more embodiments, the method includes completely covering the frame opening 1586 with the glass substrate 140, as shown in FIG. 25B. FIG. 25B shows the first frame surface of the frame and the first major surface of the glass substrate (such that the second major surface is in contact with the first frame surface 1581). In one or more embodiments, attaching the glass substrate to the frame includes applying an adhesive between the second major surface of the glass substrate and the first frame surface. In one or more embodiments, the adhesive covers all of the second major surface. In one or more embodiments, the adhesive covers all of the second major surface except for the portion covering the frame opening.

[0201] In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate are flat. In one or more embodiments, the second frame surface is flat. In some embodiments, one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate have a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more. In such embodiments where the glass substrate is curved, the glass substrate is cold bent before being attached to the frame. In some cases, the first frame surface has a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more, and the glass substrate has a radius of curvature within 10% of the radius of curvature of the first frame surface. In one or more embodiments, attaching the glass substrate to the frame includes applying an adhesive to one or both of the first frame surface and the second major surface, and laminating the glass substrate and the frame such that the adhesive is between the glass substrate and the frame. In one or more embodiments, the method includes placing a display module 150 or a touch panel in a frame opening 1586 in the inner surface, as shown in FIG. 25C. FIG. 25C is a perspective view of the frame and glass substrate of FIG. 25B from the perspective of the second frame surface 1582. In one or more embodiments, the display module 150 has a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length. In one or more embodiments, where the frame comprises multiple frame openings, the method includes disposing multiple display modules, touch panels, or display modules and touch panels in each of the frame openings. In one or more embodiments, the method includes laminating the display modules or touch panels, along with other components of the display modules or touch panels (e.g., backlight unit 154), to a second major surface of the glass substrate, as shown in FIG. 25D. In one or more embodiments, disposing the display modules or touch panels in the frame openings within the interior surface includes mechanically aligning the display modules using the interior surface.In some cases, the interior surface and the first frame surface form or define an opaque boundary surrounding the display module, as described elsewhere herein. In one or more embodiments, the method includes strengthening the minor surface of the glass substrate prior to attaching the glass substrate to the frame. In one or more embodiments, strengthening the minor surface includes removing a portion of the minor surface by chemical etching or mechanical polishing. In one or more embodiments, the resulting minor surface exhibits an edge strength of about 200 MPa or greater, as measured by a four-point bend test.

[0202] In one or more embodiments, the method includes attaching a display module to the glass substrate while the glass substrate is attached to a frame as a carrier. In one or more embodiments, attaching the display module to the glass substrate includes dispensing an adhesive between the display module and the glass substrate, the inner surface including the adhesive within the frame opening. In one or more embodiments, the method includes forming an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0203] In one or more embodiments, the method includes attaching the frame and the glass substrate to form a single integral unit as described elsewhere herein that experience substantially the same stress as one another before, during, and after an impact on either or both of the frame and the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the maximum stress exhibited by the frame upon impact on a portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface. In one or more embodiments, the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across the entire first major surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame upon said impact. In one or more embodiments, before, during, and after impact at an impact zone of either or both of the frame and the glass substrate, the glass substrate undergoes localized bending at the impact zone.

[0204] In one or more embodiments, the method includes mounting the frame and glass substrate to a vehicle interior base. In some embodiments, the method may use a mounting system described herein. In one or more embodiments, the method includes applying a scratch resistant film or coating on the first major surface. In one option, the film is removable.

[0205] Another aspect relates to a method of forming a cover glass system for a vehicle interior system, comprising providing a cover glass-frame system as described herein according to one or more embodiments, and disposing a display module or touch panel in the frame opening within the interior surface, the display having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length. In one or more embodiments, disposing the display module or touch panel in the frame opening includes mechanically aligning the display module using the interior surface. In other words, the interior surface is a physical barrier that guides the placement of the display module in the frame opening. In one or more embodiments, the method includes laminating the display module or touch panel to a second major surface of a glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the method includes forming an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0206] In one or more embodiments, the method includes attaching a display module to the glass substrate while the glass substrate is attached to a frame as a carrier. Attaching the display module to the glass substrate can include applying an adhesive between the display module and the glass substrate such that the inner surface contains the adhesive within the frame opening. In one or more embodiments, the method includes attaching the frame and the glass substrate to form a single integral unit that experiences substantially equal stresses before, during and after an impact on either or both of the frame and the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the maximum stress exhibited by the frame due to an impact on a portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface. In one or more embodiments, the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across the entire first major surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame due to the impact. In some embodiments, before, during, and after an impact at the impact zone to either or both of the frame and the glass substrate, the glass substrate undergoes localized bending at the impact zone.

[0207] The method includes mounting the coverglass-frame system to a vehicle interior base. In one or more embodiments, mounting the coverglass-frame system to the vehicle interior base includes attaching a mounting system to the frame, the mounting system allowing the coverglass-frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base after an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the coverglass-frame system. In one or more embodiments, the mounting system temporarily attaches the coverglass-frame system to the vehicle interior base. The mounting system may include a magnet system, the magnet system comprising one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for attachment to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base. In another example, the mounting system includes a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for attachment to a corresponding plurality of pins of the vehicle interior base. In yet another example, the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the coverglass-frame system. The method of one or more embodiments further includes applying a scratch resistant film or coating on the first major surface. The scratch resistant film may be removable. EXAMPLES

[0208] Example 1 Example 1 included a display formed from a 0.55 mm thick glass substrate that was chemically strengthened and exhibited a first radius of curvature of about 1000 mm. The glass substrate was provided flat and one major surface (the second major surface) was placed on a vacuum chuck having a radius of curvature of 1000 mm. A vacuum was applied to the major surface of the glass substrate to temporarily cold form the glass substrate to exhibit a first radius of curvature of about 1000 mm and conform to the radius of curvature of the vacuum chuck. When the vacuum was removed, the glass substrate would return to a flat state and no longer be cold bent. While the glass substrate was placed on the vacuum chuck and temporarily cold bent, a layer of adhesive having a thickness of 250 μm, supplied by 3M Corporation under the trade name 8215, was applied to the first major surface of the glass substrate (i.e., the surface that was exposed and not in contact with the vacuum chuck). A normal force was applied to a roller to laminate the adhesive to the first major surface of the cold bent glass substrate. The adhesive layer included a carrier film, which was removed after laminating the adhesive layer to the cold bent glass substrate.

[0209] A second glass substrate (which was a glass substrate of a liquid crystal display) was placed on the adhesive layer. The second glass substrate was cold bent and laminated to the adhesive layer using a roller and applying normal force. During lamination of the second glass substrate, the glass substrate was kept temporarily cold bent using a vacuum. After lamination of the second glass substrate, a backlight and a frame were applied to the second glass substrate. In Example 1, a double-sided tape was applied between the frame and the glass substrate. The double-sided tape was a double-sided acrylic foam tape supplied by 3M Corporation under the trade name VHB™ Tape. The frame had an L-shaped bezel. The assembly of the frame and the backlight unit completed the formation of a display. The vacuum was then removed from the glass substrate, and the display was removed. The cold-bent glass substrate was permanently cold bent and had a first radius of curvature. The display module (and specifically the second glass substrate) exhibited a second radius of curvature that was close to or matched the first radius of curvature.

[0210] Aspect (1) relates to a method of cold bending a glass substrate, comprising the steps of: supporting a glass substrate on a frame, the glass substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface, the frame having a curved support surface, the first major surface of the glass substrate facing the curved support surface of the frame; and applying an air pressure difference to the glass substrate while supported by the frame to bend the glass substrate such that the glass substrate conforms to a curved shape of the curved support surface of the frame to form a curved glass substrate, the first major surface of the curved glass substrate including a curved portion and the second major surface of the curved glass substrate including a curved portion, wherein during the application of the air pressure difference, a maximum temperature of the glass substrate is lower than a glass softening point of the glass substrate.

[0211] Embodiment (2) relates to the method of embodiment (1), further comprising the steps of: applying an adhesive between the curved support surface of the frame and the first major surface of the glass substrate; and adhesively bonding the first major surface of the glass substrate to the support surface of the frame while applying the air pressure differential.

[0212] Aspect (3) relates to the method of aspect (2), wherein the adhesive is a thermosetting adhesive and the bonding step includes heating the glass substrates, while supported by the frame, to a temperature equal to or greater than the curing temperature of the thermosetting adhesive and less than the glass softening point of the glass substrates.

[0213] An embodiment (4) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (1) to (3), wherein the step of applying an air pressure differential includes creating a vacuum around the glass substrate and the frame.

[0214] Embodiment (5) relates to the method of embodiment (4), wherein the vacuum is generated by a vacuum fixture supporting the glass substrate on a frame.

[0215] Embodiment (6) relates to the method of embodiment (4), further comprising the step of enclosing the glass substrate and the frame in an airtight container, wherein the airtight container is evacuated.

[0216] A seventh aspect relates to the method of the sixth aspect, wherein the airtight enclosure is a flexible polymeric skin.

[0217] An embodiment (8) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (1) to (3), wherein the step of applying an air pressure difference includes increasing the air pressure around the glass substrate and the frame.

[0218] Embodiment (9) relates to the method of embodiment (8), comprising enclosing the glass substrate and the frame in an overpressure device, in which air pressure is increased.

[0219]

[0023] Example (10) relates to the method of any one of Examples (1) to (9), wherein the curved support surface of the frame includes a concave curvature and / or a convex curvature, and the glass substrate is bent such that the first major surface includes a concave curvature and / or a convex curvature.

[0220]

[0023] Example (11) relates to the method of any one of Examples (1) to (10), wherein the glass substrate is a strengthened piece of glass material such that a first major surface is under compressive stress CS1 and a second major surface is under compressive stress CS2, and prior to bending, CS1 is equal to CS2, and after bending, CS1 is different from CS2.

[0221]

[0023] Aspect (12) relates to the method of aspect (11), wherein the curvature of the first major surface is concave and the curvature of the second major surface is convex, and after bending, CS1 is greater than CS2.

[0222]

[0023] Aspect (13) relates to the method of aspect (11) or aspect (12), wherein the glass substrate is at least one of chemically and thermally strengthened.

[0223]

[0023] Example (14) relates to the method of any one of Examples (1) to (13), wherein the maximum thickness of the glass substrate measured between the first and second major surfaces is 1.5 mm or less.

[0224] Example (15) relates to the method of any one of Examples (1) to (13), wherein the maximum thickness of the glass substrate, measured between the first and second major surfaces, is 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm.

[0225]

[0031] Example (16) relates to the method of any one of Examples (1) to (15), wherein the curved portion of the first major surface is a concave portion and the curved portion of the second major surface is a convex portion, the first major surface including a second curved portion having a convex shape, and the second major surface including a second convex portion having a concave shape.

[0226] Embodiment (17) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (1) to (16), further comprising attaching a display module to the frame.

[0227] Aspect (18) relates to the method of aspect (17), wherein attaching the display module comprises adhesively bonding the display module to the frame while applying an air pressure differential.

[0228] Aspect (19) relates to the method of aspect (18), wherein the adhesive bonding the display module to the frame is an optically clear adhesive.

[0229]

[0023] Aspect (20) relates to the method of any one of aspects (1) to (19), wherein the temperature of the glass substrate is not raised above the glass softening point during or after bending, and the curved glass substrate has optical properties that are superior to the optical properties of a glass substrate bent into a curved shape by heating above the glass softening point.

[0230] Aspect (21) relates to a vehicle interior system comprising: a base having a curved surface; a display disposed on the curved surface, the display including a curved glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, where the thickness is 1.5 mm or less and the second major surface has a first radius of curvature of 20 mm or more; and a display module attached to the second major surface and having a second radius of curvature, the first radius of curvature being within 10% of one or both of the radius of curvature of the curved surface and the second radius of curvature.

[0231] Embodiment (22) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (21) having a width ranging from about 5 cm to about 250 cm and a length ranging from about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0232] An embodiment (23) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (21) or (22), wherein the curved glass substrate is reinforced.

[0233] An embodiment (24) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (21) to (23), wherein the curved glass substrate is cold bent.

[0234] An embodiment (25) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (21) to (24), further comprising an adhesive between the glass substrate and the display module.

[0235] Example (26) relates to the vehicle interior system of Example (25), wherein the glass substrate includes a perimeter adjacent the minor surface, and an adhesive is disposed between the perimeter of the second major surface and the display module.

[0236] Embodiment (27) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (21) to (26), wherein the display module includes a second glass substrate and a backlight unit, the second glass substrate being disposed adjacent to the first major surface and between the backlight unit and the first major surface, and the backlight unit being optionally curved to exhibit a second radius of curvature.

[0237] Embodiment (28) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (27), wherein the second glass substrate comprises a curved second glass substrate that is optionally cold bent.

[0238] Aspect (29) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspects (27) or (28), wherein the display module further comprises a frame at least partially surrounding the backlight unit.

[0239] Embodiment (30) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (29), wherein the frame at least partially surrounds the second glass substrate.

[0240] Embodiment (31) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (29) or (30), wherein the frame at least partially surrounds the minor surface of the glass substrate.

[0241] Embodiment (32) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (29) or (30), wherein the minor surface of the glass substrate is not surrounded by a frame.

[0242] Embodiment (33) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (29), wherein the frame has an L-shape.

[0243]

[0039] Embodiment (34) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (21) to (33), wherein either or both of the first major surface and the second major surface include a surface treatment.

[0244] Embodiment (35) relates to the vehicle interior system of embodiment (34), wherein the surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first major surface and the second major surface.

[0245]

[0036] Aspect (36) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspects (34) or (35), wherein the surface treatment comprises any one of an easily cleanable surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0246] Aspect (37) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (36), wherein the surface treatment comprises at least two of an easily cleanable surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0247] Aspect (38) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (37), wherein the first major surface comprises an antiglare surface and the second major surface comprises an antireflective surface.

[0248]

[0039] Aspect (39) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (37), wherein the first major surface comprises an anti-reflective surface and the second major surface comprises an anti-glare surface.

[0249]

[0036] Aspect (40) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (37), wherein the first major surface comprises either or both of an antiglare surface and an antireflective surface, and the second major surface comprises a decorative surface.

[0250]

[0023] Aspect (41) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (37), wherein the decorative surface is disposed on at least a portion of the periphery, and the interior is substantially free of the decorative surface.

[0251]

[0033] Embodiment (42) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (36) to (41), wherein the decorative surface includes any one of a wood grain design, a brushed metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

[0252]

[0033] Example (43) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of Examples (36) to (42), wherein the anti-glare surface comprises an etched surface and the anti-reflective surface comprises a multi-layer coating.

[0253] An embodiment (44) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (21) to (43), further comprising a touch function.

[0254]

[0033] Aspect (45) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of aspects (21) to (44), wherein the base includes any one of a center console, a dashboard, an armrest, a pillar, a seat back, a floor panel, a headrest, a door panel, and a steering wheel.

[0255] An embodiment (46) relates to the vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (21) to (45), wherein the vehicle is any one of an automobile, a watercraft, and an aircraft.

[0256] Embodiment (47) relates to a method of forming a display comprising cold bending a glass substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface to a first radius of curvature measured at the second major surface, and laminating a display module to the first major surface while maintaining the first radius of curvature on the glass substrate to form a display, the display module having a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0257] Example (48) relates to the method of example (47), wherein cold bending the glass substrate includes drawing a vacuum on the second major surface to produce the first radius of curvature.

[0258] Example (49) relates to the method of example (48), wherein the step of drawing a vacuum comprises placing the glass substrate on a vacuum fixture before drawing a vacuum on the second major surface.

[0259]

[0036] Example (50) relates to the method of any one of Examples (47) to (49), comprising laminating an adhesive to the first major surface prior to laminating the display module to the first major surface, such that the adhesive is disposed between the first major surface and the display module.

[0260]

[0033] Example (51) relates to the method of any one of Examples (47) to (50), wherein the step of laminating the display module comprises laminating a second glass substrate to the glass substrate and attaching a backlight unit to the second glass substrate, the backlight unit being optionally curved to exhibit a second radius of curvature.

[0261] Example (52) relates to the method of example (51), wherein laminating the second glass substrate comprises cold bending the second glass substrate.

[0262] Example (53) relates to the method of Example (51) or Example (52), further comprising attaching the frame together with the backlight unit to a second glass substrate.

[0263] Example (54) relates to the method of any one of Examples (51) to (53), wherein an adhesive is disposed between a second glass substrate and the glass substrate.

[0264] Embodiment (55) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (48) to (54), further comprising removing the vacuum from the second major surface.

[0265] Embodiment (56) relates to the method of embodiment (55), wherein removing the vacuum from the second major surface comprises removing the display from the vacuum fixture.

[0266] Example (57) relates to the method of any one of Examples (47) to (56), wherein the glass substrate has a thickness of about 1.5 mm or less.

[0267] Example (58) relates to the method of any one of Examples (47) to (57), wherein the glass substrate is reinforced.

[0268] Example (59) relates to the method of any one of Examples (47) to (58), wherein the second glass substrate is not strengthened.

[0269] Example (60) relates to the method of any one of Examples (51) to (59), wherein the thickness of the second glass substrate is greater than the thickness of the glass substrate.

[0270] Example (61) relates to the method of any one of Examples (47) to (60), wherein the first radius of curvature is in the range of about 20 mm to about 1500 mm.

[0271] Example (62) relates to the method of any one of Examples (50) to (61), wherein the adhesive has a thickness of about 1 mm or less.

[0272] An embodiment (63) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (47) to (62), further comprising disposing the display within a vehicle interior system.

[0273] Embodiment (64) relates to a kit for providing a vehicle interior system, the kit including: a curved glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces, a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, the curved glass substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mm or less, the second major surface having a first radius of curvature; and a frame having a curved surface having the first radius of curvature, the curved surface being bonded to the second major surface of the curved glass substrate.

[0274] Embodiment (65) relates to the kit of embodiment (64), wherein the first radius of curvature is 250 nm or more, the width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm, and the length is about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0275] Embodiment (66) relates to the kit of embodiment (64) or (65), wherein the curved glass substrate is cold bent.

[0276] Embodiment (67) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (64) to (66), further comprising a display module, a touch panel, or a display module and a touch panel.

[0277] Embodiment (68) relates to the kit of embodiment (67), wherein the display module comprises a display and a backlight unit.

[0278] Embodiment (69) relates to the kit of embodiment (68), wherein the display is a liquid crystal display or an organic light emitting diode display.

[0279] Embodiment (70) relates to the kit of embodiment (68) or (69), wherein the display comprises a curved second glass substrate.

[0280] Example (71) relates to the kit of example (65), wherein the touch panel comprises a curved second glass substrate.

[0281] Embodiment (72) relates to the kit of embodiment (70) or (71), wherein the second glass substrate includes a viewing surface having a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0282] Embodiment (73) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (70) to (72), wherein the second glass substrate comprises an adhesive layer for attachment to a curved glass substrate or a frame.

[0283] Embodiment (74) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (70) to (73), wherein a second glass substrate is attached to the first major surface or frame, and the backlight unit is configured to be attached to the second glass substrate such that the second glass substrate is between the curved glass substrate and the backlight unit.

[0284] Embodiment (75) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (68) to (69), wherein the display includes a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and cold bendable to a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0285] Example (76) relates to the kit of example (67), wherein the touch panel includes a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and cold bendable to a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0286] Embodiment (77) relates to the kit of embodiment (75) or (76), wherein the second glass substrate comprises an adhesive layer for attachment to a cold bent glass substrate or a frame.

[0287] Embodiment (78) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (75) to (77), wherein the second glass substrate is cold bent to a second radius of curvature and attached to a cold bent glass substrate or frame.

[0288] Embodiment (79) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (68)-(69), (71)-(75), and (77)-(78), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0289] Embodiment (80) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (71) to (79), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the second radius of curvature.

[0290] Embodiment (81) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (71) to (80), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature.

[0291] Embodiment (82) relates to the kit of embodiment (68) or (69), wherein the display includes a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and attached to the first major surface, and the backlight unit is configured to be attached to the second glass substrate such that the second glass substrate is between the curved glass substrate and the backlight unit.

[0292] Example (83) relates to the kit of example (67), wherein the touch panel comprises a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and attached to the first major surface.

[0293] Embodiment (84) relates to the kit of embodiment (82) or (83), wherein the second glass substrate comprises an adhesive layer attaching the second glass substrate to the first major surface, the adhesive layer having a substantially flat first surface and an opposing second surface having a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0294] Embodiment (85) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (74), and (78) through (84), further comprising a gap disposed between the second glass substrate and the first major surface.

[0295] Embodiment (86) relates to a kit for providing a vehicle interior system, the kit including: a curved glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces, a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, the curved glass substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mm or less, the second major surface having a first radius of curvature; and a removable frame having a curved surface having the first radius of curvature, the curved surface being removably coupled to the second major surface of the curved glass substrate.

[0296] Embodiment (87) relates to the kit of embodiment (86), wherein the first radius of curvature is 250 nm or more, the width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm, and the length is about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0297] Embodiment (88) relates to the kit of embodiment (86) or (87), wherein the curved glass substrate is cold bent.

[0298] Embodiment (89) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (86) to (88), further comprising a display module, a touch panel, or a display module and a touch panel.

[0299] An embodiment (90) relates to the kit of embodiment (89), wherein the display module comprises a display and a backlight unit.

[0300] Embodiment (91) relates to the kit of embodiment (90), wherein the display is a liquid crystal display or an organic light emitting diode display.

[0301] Embodiment (92) relates to the kit of embodiment (90) or (91), wherein the display comprises a curved second glass substrate.

[0302] Example (93) relates to the kit of example (89), wherein the touch panel comprises a curved second glass substrate.

[0303] Embodiment (94) relates to the kit of embodiment (92) or (93), wherein the second glass substrate includes a viewing surface having a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0304] Embodiment (95) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (92) to (94), wherein the second glass substrate comprises an adhesive layer for attachment to a curved glass substrate.

[0305] Embodiment (96) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (90) to (95), wherein a second glass substrate is attached to the first major surface, and the backlight unit is configured to be attached to the second glass substrate such that the second glass substrate is between the curved glass substrate and the backlight unit.

[0306] Embodiment (97) relates to the kit of embodiment (90) or (91), wherein the display comprises a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and cold bendable to a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0307] Example (98) relates to the kit of example (89), wherein the touch panel includes a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and cold bendable to a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0308] Embodiment (99) relates to the kit of embodiment (97) or (98), wherein the second glass substrate comprises an adhesive layer for attachment to a curved glass substrate.

[0309] Embodiment (100) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (97) to (99), wherein the second glass substrate is cold bent to a second radius of curvature and attached to the curved glass substrate, and the backlight unit is adapted to be attached to the second glass substrate such that the second glass substrate is between the curved glass substrate and the backlight unit.

[0310] Embodiment (101) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (90) to (92), (94) to (97), and (99) to (100), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0311] Embodiment (102) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (97) to (101), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the second radius of curvature.

[0312] Embodiment (103) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (97) to (102), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature.

[0313] Embodiment (104) relates to the kit of embodiment (90) or (91), wherein the display includes a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and attached to the first major surface, and the backlight unit is configured to be attached to the second glass substrate such that the second glass substrate is between the curved glass substrate and the backlight unit.

[0314] Embodiment (105) relates to the kit of embodiment (89), wherein the touch panel comprises a second glass substrate that is substantially flat and attached to the first major surface.

[0315] Embodiment (106) relates to the kit of embodiment (104) or (105), wherein the second glass substrate comprises an adhesive layer attaching the second glass substrate to the first major surface.

[0316] Embodiment (107) relates to the kit of embodiment (106), wherein the adhesive layer has a first surface that is substantially flat and an opposing second surface having a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0317] Embodiment (108) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (96), and (100) through (107), further comprising a gap disposed between the second glass substrate and the first major surface.

[0318] Embodiment (109) relates to a kit for providing a vehicle interior system, the kit including: a flexible glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces, a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, the flexible glass substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mm or less; and a curved display module or curved touch panel having a first radius of curvature.

[0319] Embodiment (110) relates to the kit of embodiment (109), wherein the first radius of curvature is 500 nm or greater.

[0320] Embodiment (111) relates to the kit of embodiment (109) or (110), wherein the width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm and the length is about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0321] Embodiment (112) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (109) to (111), wherein the display module comprises a display and a backlight unit.

[0322] Embodiment (113) relates to the kit of embodiment (112), wherein the display is a liquid crystal display or an organic light emitting diode display.

[0323] Embodiment (114) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (112) to (113), wherein the display module includes a second glass substrate having a second glass surface, the second glass surface having a first radius of curvature.

[0324] Example (115) relates to the kit of any one of Examples (109) to (111), wherein the touch panel includes a second glass substrate having a second glass surface, the second glass surface having a first radius of curvature.

[0325] Embodiment (116) relates to the kit of embodiment (114) or (115), wherein the flexible glass substrate is cold bent and a second major surface of the flexible glass substrate has a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0326] Embodiment (117) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (114) to (116), wherein either or both of the first major surface and the second glass surface comprises an adhesive layer for attachment of the flexible glass substrate and the second glass substrate.

[0327] Embodiment (118) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (114) to (117), wherein a second glass substrate is attached to the first major surface, and the backlight unit is configured to be attached to the second glass substrate such that the second glass substrate is between the curved glass substrate and the backlight unit.

[0328] Embodiment (119) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (112) to (114) and embodiments (116) to (118), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0329] Embodiment (120) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (116) to (119), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the second radius of curvature.

[0330] Embodiment (121) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (116) to (120), wherein the backlight unit is curved and exhibits a third radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature.

[0331] Embodiment (122) relates to the kit of any one of embodiments (118) to (121), further comprising a gap disposed between the second glass substrate and the first major surface.

[0332] Embodiment (123) relates to a method of forming a display comprising: cold bending a laminate to a first radius of curvature measured at a first surface, the laminate including a first glass substrate having a first major surface forming the first surface of the laminate and a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a display module or touch panel including a second glass substrate on its second major surface and disposed adjacent to its second major surface; and laminating the display module or touch panel to the second major surface such that the second glass substrate has a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0333] Example (124) relates to the method of example (123), wherein cold bending the laminate comprises drawing a vacuum on the first surface to produce the first radius of curvature.

[0334] Embodiment (125) relates to the method of embodiment (124), wherein the step of drawing a vacuum comprises placing the laminate on a vacuum fixture before drawing a vacuum on the first surface.

[0335] Embodiment (126) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (123) to (125), further comprising applying an adhesive layer between the second glass substrate and the first glass substrate before cold bending the laminate.

[0336] Example (127) relates to the method of example (126), wherein the adhesive layer is disposed on the second glass substrate or a portion of the first glass substrate.

[0337] Example (128) relates to the method of any one of Examples (123) to (127), wherein the display module includes a cold bendable backlight unit disposed on a second glass substrate opposite the first glass substrate.

[0338] Example (129) relates to the method of any one of Examples (123) to (127), wherein laminating the display module includes attaching a backlight unit to a second glass substrate opposite the first glass substrate, the backlight unit being optionally curved to exhibit a second radius of curvature.

[0339] Embodiment (130) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (123) to (128), further comprising attaching a frame to the first glass substrate to maintain the first radius of curvature.

[0340] Example (131) relates to the method of any one of Examples (123) to (130), wherein the first glass substrate has a thickness of about 1.5 mm or less.

[0341] Example (132) relates to the method of any one of Examples (123) to (131), wherein the first glass substrate is strengthened.

[0342] Example (133) relates to the method of any one of Examples (123) to (132), wherein the second glass substrate is not strengthened.

[0343] Example (134) relates to the method of any one of Examples (123) to (133), wherein the thickness of the second glass substrate is greater than the thickness of the glass substrate.

[0344] Embodiment (135) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (123) to (134), wherein the first radius of curvature is in the range of about 20 mm to about 1500 mm.

[0345] Embodiment (136) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (123) to (135), further comprising the step of positioning the display within a vehicle interior system.

[0346] An aspect (137) of the present disclosure relates to a frame for a vehicle interior system, comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width, and a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface for accommodating an optionally curved display module, at least a portion of the first frame surface having a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or greater, and the first frame surface being attached to a glass substrate having a width greater than the frame width or a length greater than the frame length.

[0347] An aspect (138) of the present disclosure relates to a frame for a vehicle interior system of aspect (137), wherein the glass substrate has a first radius of curvature within 10% of the frame radius of curvature when the glass substrate is attached to the first frame surface.

[0348]

[0033] Aspect (139) relates to a frame for a vehicle interior system of aspect (137) or aspect (138), wherein a display module is disposed in the frame opening, the display module having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length.

[0349] Embodiment (140) relates to a frame for a vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (137) to (139), wherein the frame width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0350] Embodiment (141) relates to a frame for a vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (137) to (140), wherein the frame length is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0351] Embodiment (142) relates to the frame for a vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (137) to (141), wherein the frame width is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display width.

[0352]

[0033] Embodiment (143) relates to the frame for a vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (137) to (142), wherein the frame length is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display length.

[0353] An embodiment (144) relates to the frame for a vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (137) to (143), wherein the frame width is 0.9 times or less than the width of the glass substrate.

[0354] An embodiment (145) relates to the frame for a vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (137) to (144), wherein the frame length is 0.9 times or less than the length of the glass substrate.

[0355] Embodiment (146) relates to the frame for a vehicle interior system of any one of embodiments (137) to (145), wherein the frame opening includes an interior surface that provides mechanical alignment for placing the display module in the frame opening.

[0356] Embodiment (147) relates to the frame for a vehicle interior system of embodiment (146), wherein the interior surface and the first frame surface define an opaque boundary surrounding a display module to be placed in the frame opening.

[0357] Embodiment (148) is directed to a cover glass-frame system for a vehicle interior system, comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an interior surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface. and a glass substrate disposed on and attached to the first frame surface, the glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces, the glass substrate having a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second major surfaces, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, wherein the width of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame width, the length of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame length, and the thickness is 1.5 mm or less, wherein the glass substrate completely covers the frame opening.

[0358] Embodiment (149) relates to the coverglass-frame system of embodiment (148), wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate are flat.

[0359] Embodiment (150) relates to the coverglass-frame system of embodiment (149), wherein the second frame surface is flat.

[0360] Embodiment (151) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (150), wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate have a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or less.

[0361] Embodiment (152) relates to any one of the cover glass-frame systems of embodiments (148) to (151), wherein the first frame surface has a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or less, and the glass substrate has a first radius of curvature within 10% of the frame radius of curvature.

[0362] Embodiment (153) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (152), wherein the frame width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0363] Embodiment (154) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (153), wherein the frame length is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0364] Embodiment (155) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (154), wherein the frame width is 0.9 times or less than the width of the glass substrate.

[0365] Embodiment (156) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (155), wherein the frame length is 0.9 times or less than the length of the glass substrate.

[0366] Embodiment (157) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (156), further comprising a display module disposed in the frame opening in the inner surface, the display module having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length.

[0367] The embodiment (158) relates to the cover glass-frame system of the embodiment (157), wherein the frame width is at least about 1.2 times the display width.

[0368] Embodiment (159) relates to the cover glass-frame system of embodiment (157) or embodiment (158), wherein the frame length is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display length.

[0369] Embodiment (160) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (157) through (159), wherein the interior surface provides mechanical alignment for positioning the display module in the frame opening.

[0370] Embodiment (161) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (157) to (160), wherein the interior surface and the first frame surface form an opaque boundary surrounding the display module.

[0371] Embodiment (162) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (161), wherein the glass substrate is transparent.

[0372]

[0031] Embodiment (163) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (162), wherein the second major surface of the glass substrate is substantially free of any coating or film having an average light transmittance of 50% or less over the visible spectrum from about 380 nm to about 720 nm.

[0373] Embodiment (164) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (163), wherein the frame includes a bezel extending from the first major surface or frame edge away from the second major surface and at least partially surrounding the minor surface of the glass substrate.

[0374] Embodiment (165) relates to the cover glass-frame system of embodiment (164), wherein the bezel has a height equal to or greater than the thickness of the glass substrate.

[0375] Embodiment (166) relates to the cover glass-frame system of embodiment (164) or embodiment (165), wherein the bezel is made from a material having a stiffness greater than the stiffness of the glass substrate or the frame.

[0376] Embodiment (167) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (164) to (166), further comprising a cushioning material disposed between the bezel and the glass substrate.

[0377] An embodiment (168) relates to the cover glass-frame system of embodiment (167), wherein the cushioning material comprises a polymer or rubber material.

[0378]

[0031] Embodiment (169) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (168), wherein the minor surface has an edge strength of about 200 MPa or greater when tested by a four-point bend test.

[0379] Embodiment (170) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (169), wherein any one of the first major surface, the second major surface, and the minor surface has a maximum scratch size of 15 μm or less.

[0380] Embodiment (171) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (170), further comprising an optically transparent adhesive disposed between the display module and the glass substrate, the interior surface containing the adhesive within the frame opening.

[0381] Embodiment (172) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (171), further comprising an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0382] Embodiment (173) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (172), wherein the frame and the glass substrate are integrally formed.

[0383] Embodiment (174) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (173), wherein the frame and the glass substrate are attached to form an integral unit that experiences substantially the same stresses as one another before, during, and after an impact to either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0384] Embodiment (175) relates to the cover glass-frame system of embodiment (174), wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the frame upon impact with a portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface.

[0385]

[0033] Embodiment (176) relates to the cover glass frame system of embodiment (175), wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate, measured across the entire first major surface, is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from the impact.

[0386] Embodiment (177) relates to a cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (174) to (176), wherein the glass substrate undergoes localized bending at the impact zone before, during, and after impact at the impact zone of either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0387] Embodiment (178) relates to the coverglass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) through (177), further comprising a mounting system for attaching the coverglass-frame system to a vehicle interior base.

[0388] Embodiment (179) relates to the cover glass-frame system of embodiment (178), wherein the mounting system allows the cover glass-frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base following an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0389] Embodiment (180) relates to the coverglass-frame system of embodiment (178) or embodiment (179), wherein the mounting system temporarily attaches the coverglass-frame system to a vehicle interior base.

[0390] Embodiment (181) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (178) to (180), wherein the mounting system includes a magnet system including one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base.

[0391] Embodiment (182) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (178) to (181), wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding plurality of pins on the vehicle interior base.

[0392]

[0033] Embodiment (183) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (178) to (182), wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0393] Embodiment (184) relates to a cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (183), wherein when an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first major surface with an impact velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impact member is less than or equal to 120 g (the acceleration due to gravity).

[0394] Embodiment (185) relates to the coverglass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) to (184), wherein the deceleration of the impact member is less than or equal to 80 g for any 3 millisecond interval over the time of impact.

[0395] Embodiment (186) relates to the cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments (148) through (185), further comprising a scratch-resistant film or coating disposed on the first major surface.

[0396] Embodiment (187) relates to the coverglass-frame system of embodiment (186) in which the scratch-resistant film is removable.

[0397] Embodiment (188) relates to a method of forming a cover glazing system for a vehicle interior system comprising attaching a glass substrate to a frame as a carrier, the frame having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width, a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an interior surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and the glass substrate completely covering the frame opening.

[0398] Embodiment (189) relates to the method of embodiment (188), wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate are flat.

[0399] Embodiment (190) relates to the method of embodiment (189), wherein the second frame surface is flat.

[0400] Embodiment (191) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (190), wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate have a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or greater.

[0401] Embodiment (192) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (191), wherein the first frame surface has a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or less, and the glass substrate has a first radius of curvature within 10% of the frame radius of curvature.

[0402] Embodiment (193) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (192), wherein attaching the glass substrate to the frame comprises applying an adhesive to one or both of the first frame surface and the second major surface, and laminating the glass substrate and the frame such that the adhesive is between the glass substrate and the frame.

[0403] Embodiment (194) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (193), wherein the frame width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0404] Embodiment (195) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (194), wherein the frame length is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0405] Embodiment (196) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (195), wherein the frame width is 0.9 times or less than the width of the glass substrate.

[0406] Embodiment (197) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (196), wherein the frame length is 0.9 times or less than the length of the glass substrate.

[0407] Embodiment (198) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (197), further comprising disposing a display module in the frame opening in the inner surface, the display module having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length.

[0408] Embodiment (199) relates to the method of embodiment (198), further comprising laminating the display module to the second major surface of the glass substrate.

[0409] The embodiment (200) relates to the method of the embodiment (198) or the embodiment (199), wherein the frame width is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display width.

[0410] Embodiment (201) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (198) to (200), wherein the frame length is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display length.

[0411] Embodiment (202) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (198) to (201), wherein placing the display module in the frame opening in the interior surface includes mechanically aligning the display module using the interior surface.

[0412] Embodiment (203) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (198) to (202), wherein the interior surface and the first frame surface constitute an opaque boundary surrounding the display module.

[0413] Embodiment (204) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (203), wherein the glass substrate is transparent.

[0414]

[0033] Embodiment (205) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (204), wherein the second major surface of the glass substrate is substantially free of any coating or film having an average light transmittance of 50% or less over the visible spectrum from about 380 nm to about 720 nm.

[0415] Embodiment (206) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (205), wherein the glass substrate has a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, wherein the width of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame width, the length of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame length, and the thickness is 1.5 mm or less.

[0416] Embodiment (207) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (189) to (206), wherein the frame includes a bezel extending from the first major surface away from the second major surface for at least partially surrounding a minor surface of the glass substrate.

[0417] An embodiment (208) relates to the method of embodiment (207), wherein the bezel has a height equal to or greater than the thickness of the glass substrate.

[0418] Aspect (209) relates to the method of aspect (207) or aspect (208), wherein the bezel is made from a material having a stiffness greater than the stiffness of the glass substrate or frame.

[0419] Example (210) relates to the method of any one of Examples (207) to (209), further comprising a cushioning material disposed between the bezel and the glass substrate.

[0420] An embodiment (211) relates to the method of embodiment (210), wherein the cushioning material comprises a polymer or rubber material.

[0421]

[0033] Example (212) relates to the method of any one of Examples (188) to (211), wherein the minor surface has an edge strength of about 200 MPa or greater when tested by a four-point bend test.

[0422] Embodiment (213) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (212), wherein any one of the first major surface, the second major surface, and the minor surface has a maximum flaw size of 15 μm or less.

[0423] Embodiment (214) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (213), further comprising attaching a display module to the glass substrate while the glass substrate is attached to the frame as a carrier.

[0424]

[0031] Aspect (215) relates to the method of aspect (214), wherein attaching the display module to the glass substrate comprises applying an optically clear adhesive between the display module and the glass substrate, and the interior surface comprises the adhesive within the frame opening.

[0425] Embodiment (216) relates to the method of embodiment (202), further comprising maintaining an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0426]

[0033] Embodiment (217) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (216), wherein the frame and the glass substrate are attached to form an integral unit that experiences substantially the same stress as one another before, during, and after an impact to either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0427] Example (218) relates to the method of example (217), wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from an impact to the portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface.

[0428] Example (219) relates to the method of example (218), wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate, measured across the first major surface, is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from the impact.

[0429]

[0031] Embodiment (220) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (219), wherein the glass substrate endures localized bending at the impact zone before, during, and after impact at the impact zone of either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0430] Embodiment (221) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (220), further comprising mounting the frame and the glass substrate to a vehicle interior base.

[0431] Embodiment (222) relates to the method of embodiment (221), wherein mounting the frame and glass substrate to the vehicle interior base includes attaching a mounting system to the frame, the mounting system allowing the cover glass-frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base following an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0432] Embodiment (223) relates to the method of embodiment (222), wherein the mounting system temporarily attaches the glass substrate and frame to a vehicle interior base.

[0433]

[0046] Embodiment (224) relates to the method of embodiment (222) or embodiment (223), wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the glass substrate and frame, and the mounting system includes a magnet system, the magnet system including one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base.

[0434]

[0046] Embodiment (225) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (222) to (224), wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the glass substrate and frame, the mounting system including a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding plurality of pins of the vehicle interior base.

[0435] Embodiment (226) relates to any one of the methods of embodiments (222) through (225), wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0436]

[0031] Embodiment (227) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (226), wherein the deceleration of an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg is less than or equal to 120 g (the acceleration due to gravity) when the impact member impacts the first major surface with an impact velocity between 5.35 m / s and 6.69 m / s.

[0437]

[0033] Embodiment (228) relates to the method of embodiment (227), wherein the deceleration of the impact member is less than or equal to 80 g for any 3 millisecond interval over the time of the impact.

[0438] Embodiment (229) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (188) to (228), further comprising providing a scratch-resistant film or coating on the first major surface.

[0439] Embodiment (230) relates to the method of embodiment (229), wherein the scratch-resistant film is removable.

[0440] Embodiment (231) relates to a method of forming a cover glass system for a vehicle interior system, comprising providing a cover glass-frame system according to any one of embodiments (148) to (156), (162) to (170), or (173) to (187), and disposing a display module in the frame opening in an interior surface, the display module having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length.

[0441] Embodiment (232) relates to the method of embodiment (231), further comprising laminating the display module to the second major surface of the glass substrate.

[0442] Aspect (233) relates to the method of aspect (231) or aspect (232), wherein the frame width is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display width.

[0443] Embodiment (234) relates to any one of the methods of embodiments (231) to (233), wherein the frame length is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display length.

[0444] Embodiment (235) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (231) to (234), wherein placing the display module in the frame opening in the interior surface includes mechanically aligning the display module using the interior surface.

[0445] Embodiment (236) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (231) to (235), wherein the interior surface and the first frame surface constitute an opaque boundary surrounding the display module.

[0446] Embodiment (237) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (231) to (236), further comprising maintaining an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0447] Embodiment (238) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (231) to (237), further comprising attaching a display module to the glass substrate while the glass substrate is attached to the frame as a carrier.

[0448]

[0046] Aspect (239) relates to the method of aspect (238), wherein attaching the display module to the glass substrate comprises applying an optically clear adhesive between the display module and the glass substrate, and the interior surface comprises the adhesive within the frame opening.

[0449]

[0036] Embodiment (240) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (231) to (239), wherein the frame and the glass substrate are attached to form an integral unit that experiences substantially the same stress as one another before, during, and after an impact to either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0450]

[0033] Example (241) relates to the method of Example (240), wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from an impact to the portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface.

[0451]

[0033] Example (242) relates to the method of Example (241), wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate, measured across the first major surface, is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from the impact.

[0452]

[0033] Embodiment (243) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (240) to (242), wherein the glass substrate undergoes localized bending at the impact zone before, during, and after impact at the impact zone of either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0453] Embodiment (243) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (231) to (242), further comprising the step of mounting the coverglass-frame system to a vehicle interior base.

[0454] Embodiment (244) relates to the method of embodiment (243), wherein mounting the coverglass-frame system to the vehicle interior base includes attaching a mounting system to the frame, the mounting system allowing the coverglass-frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base following an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the coverglass-frame system.

[0455] Embodiment (245) relates to the method of embodiment (244), wherein the mounting system temporarily attaches the coverglass-frame system to a vehicle interior base.

[0456] Embodiment (246) relates to the method of embodiment (243) or embodiment (244), wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the cover glass-frame system, the mounting system including a magnet system, the magnet system including one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base.

[0457]

[0046] Embodiment (247) relates to any one of the methods of embodiments (243) to (246), wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the cover glass-frame system, the mounting system including a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding plurality of pins of the vehicle interior base.

[0458] Embodiment (248) relates to any one of the methods of embodiments (243) to (247), wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0459]

[0033] Embodiment (249) relates to any one of the methods of embodiments (231) to (248), wherein the deceleration of an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg when impacting the first major surface with an impact velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s is less than or equal to 120 g (the acceleration due to gravity).

[0460] An embodiment (250) relates to the method of embodiment (249), wherein the deceleration of the impact member is less than or equal to 80 g for any 3 millisecond interval over the time of the impact.

[0461] Embodiment (251) relates to the method of any one of embodiments (231) to (250), further comprising providing a scratch-resistant film or coating on the first major surface.

[0462] Embodiment (252) relates to the method of embodiment (251), wherein the scratch-resistant film is removable.

[0463] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0464] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail.

[0465] EMBODIMENT 1 In a frame for a vehicle interior system, a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge; a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface for accommodating a display module, optionally curved; Equipped with At least a portion of the first frame surface has a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or greater; A frame for a vehicle interior system, wherein the first frame surface is attached to a glass substrate having a width greater than the frame width or a length greater than the frame length.

[0466] EMBODIMENT 2 2. A frame for a vehicle interior system as described in embodiment 1, wherein the glass substrate has a first radius of curvature when attached to the first frame surface that is within 10% of the frame radius of curvature.

[0467] EMBODIMENT 3 3. A frame for a vehicle interior system as described in embodiment 1 or 2, wherein a display module is disposed in the frame opening, and the display module has a display width smaller than the frame width or a display length smaller than the frame length.

[0468] EMBODIMENT 4 4. The frame for a vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the frame width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0469] EMBODIMENT 5 5. The frame for a vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the frame length is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0470] EMBODIMENT 6 6. A frame for a vehicle interior system as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the frame width is at least about 1.2 times the width of the display.

[0471] EMBODIMENT 7 7. A frame for a vehicle interior system as described in any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the frame length is at least about 1.2 times the display length.

[0472] EMBODIMENT 8 8. A frame for a vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the frame width is 0.9 times or less than the width of the glass substrate.

[0473] EMBODIMENT 9 9. A frame for a vehicle interior system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame length is 0.9 times or less than the length of the glass substrate.

[0474] EMBODIMENT 10 10. A frame for a vehicle interior system as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the frame opening includes an interior surface that provides mechanical alignment for placing a display module in the frame opening.

[0475] EMBODIMENT 11 11. A frame for a vehicle interior system as described in embodiment 10, wherein the interior surface and the first frame surface define an opaque boundary surrounding a display module to be placed in the frame opening.

[0476] EMBODIMENT 12 In cover glass and frame systems for vehicle interior systems, a frame having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame having a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an interior surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; a glass substrate disposed on and attached to the first frame surface, the glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, the glass substrate having a thickness defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, the width of the glass substrate being equal to or greater than the frame width and the length of the glass substrate being equal to or greater than the frame length, and the thickness being equal to or less than 1.5 mm; Equipped with The glass substrate completely covers the frame opening, forming a cover glass-frame system.

[0477] EMBODIMENT 13 13. The coverglass-frame system of embodiment 12, wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate are flat.

[0478] EMBODIMENT 14 14. The coverglass-frame system of embodiment 13, wherein the second frame surface is flat.

[0479] EMBODIMENT 15 15. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate have a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or less.

[0480] EMBODIMENT 16 16. A cover glass-frame system as described in any one of embodiments 12 to 15, wherein the first frame surface has a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or less, and the glass substrate has a first radius of curvature within 10% of the frame radius of curvature.

[0481] EMBODIMENT 17 17. The coverglass-frame system of any one of embodiments 12 to 16, wherein the frame width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0482] EMBODIMENT 18 18. The coverglass-frame system of any one of embodiments 12 to 17, wherein the frame length is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0483] EMBODIMENT 19 19. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein the frame width is 0.9 times or less than the width of the glass substrate.

[0484] EMBODIMENT 20 20. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 19, wherein the frame length is 0.9 times or less than the length of the glass substrate.

[0485] EMBODIMENT 21 The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 20, further comprising a display module disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface, the display module having a display width smaller than the frame width or a display length smaller than the frame length.

[0486] EMBODIMENT 22 22. The coverglass-frame system of embodiment 21, wherein the frame width is at least about 1.2 times the width of the display.

[0487] EMBODIMENT 23 23. The cover glass-frame system of embodiment 21 or 22, wherein the frame length is at least about 1.2 times the display length.

[0488] EMBODIMENT 24 24. A cover glass-frame system as described in any one of embodiments 21 to 23, wherein the interior surface provides mechanical alignment for positioning the display module in the frame opening.

[0489] EMBODIMENT 25 25. The cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments 21 to 24, wherein the inner surface and the first frame surface form an opaque boundary surrounding the display module.

[0490] EMBODIMENT 26 26. The cover glass-frame system of any one of embodiments 12 to 25, wherein the glass substrate is transparent.

[0491] EMBODIMENT 27 27. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 26, wherein the second major surface of the glass substrate is substantially free of any coating or film having an average light transmittance of 50% or less over the visible spectrum from about 380 nm to about 720 nm.

[0492] EMBODIMENT 28 28. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 27, wherein the frame includes a bezel extending from the first major surface or the frame edge away from the second major surface and at least partially surrounding the minor surface of the glass substrate.

[0493] EMBODIMENT 29 29. The coverglass-frame system of embodiment 28, wherein the bezel has a height equal to or greater than a thickness of the glass substrate.

[0494] EMBODIMENT 30 30. The cover glass-frame system of embodiment 28 or 29, wherein the bezel is made from a material having a stiffness greater than the stiffness of the glass substrate or the frame.

[0495] EMBODIMENT 31 31. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 28 to 30, further comprising a cushioning material disposed between the bezel and the glass substrate.

[0496] EMBODIMENT 32 32. The cover glass-frame system of embodiment 31, wherein the cushioning material comprises a polymer or rubber material.

[0497] EMBODIMENT 33 33. The coverglass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 32, wherein the minor surface has an edge strength of about 200 MPa or greater when tested using a four-point bend test.

[0498] EMBODIMENT 34 34. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 33, wherein any one of the first major surface, the second major surface, and the minor surface has a maximum scratch size of 15 μm or less.

[0499] EMBODIMENT 35 35. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 21 to 34, further comprising an optically transparent adhesive disposed between the display module and the glass substrate, the interior surface containing the adhesive within the frame opening.

[0500] EMBODIMENT 36 36. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 35, further comprising an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0501] EMBODIMENT 37 37. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 36, wherein the frame and the glass substrate are integrally formed.

[0502] EMBODIMENT 38 A cover glass-frame system as described in any one of embodiments 12 to 37, wherein the frame and the glass substrate are attached to form an integral unit that experiences substantially the same stresses as one another before, during, and after an impact to either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0503] EMBODIMENT 39 39. The cover glass-frame system of embodiment 38, wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the frame upon impact with a portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface.

[0504] EMBODIMENT 40 40. The cover glass-frame system of embodiment 39, wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate, measured across the first major surface, is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from the impact.

[0505] EMBODIMENT 41 A cover glass-frame system as described in any one of embodiments 38 to 40, wherein the glass substrate resists localized bending at the impact zone before, during, and after impact at the impact zone of either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0506] EMBODIMENT 42 42. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 41, further comprising a mounting system for attaching the cover glass-frame system to a vehicle interior base.

[0507] EMBODIMENT 43 43. The cover glass-frame system of embodiment 42, wherein the mounting system allows the cover glass-frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base following an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0508] EMBODIMENT 44 44. The coverglass-frame system of claim 42 or 43, wherein the mounting system temporarily attaches the coverglass-frame system to the vehicle interior base.

[0509] EMBODIMENT 45 A cover glass-frame system as described in any one of embodiments 42 to 44, wherein the mounting system includes a magnet system including one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base.

[0510] EMBODIMENT 46 A cover glass-frame system as described in any one of embodiments 42 to 45, wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding plurality of pins of the vehicle interior base.

[0511] EMBODIMENT 47 47. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 42 to 46, wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0512] EMBODIMENT 48 A cover glass / frame system as described in any one of embodiments 12 to 47, wherein when an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first major surface at an impact velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impact member is 120 g (acceleration of gravity) or less.

[0513] EMBODIMENT 49 49. A coverglass-frame system as described in any one of embodiments 12 to 48, wherein the deceleration of the impact member is less than 80 g for any 3 millisecond interval over the time of impact.

[0514] EMBODIMENT 50 50. The cover glass-frame system of any one of claims 12 to 49, further comprising a scratch-resistant film or coating disposed on the first major surface.

[0515] EMBODIMENT 51 51. The coverglass-frame system of embodiment 50, wherein the scratch-resistant film is removable.

[0516] EMBODIMENT 52 1. A method of forming a cover glass system for a vehicle interior system, comprising: The glass substrate is attached to a frame as a carrier. the frame has a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width, and a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an interior surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; The method, wherein the glass substrate completely covers the frame opening.

[0517] EMBODIMENT 53 53. The method of embodiment 52, wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate are flat.

[0518] EMBODIMENT 54 54. The method of embodiment 53, wherein the second frame surface is flat.

[0519] EMBODIMENT 55 55. The method of any one of claims 52 to 54, wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate have a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or more.

[0520] EMBODIMENT 56 56. The method of any one of claims 52 to 55, wherein the first frame surface has a frame radius of curvature of about 20 mm or less, and the glass substrate has a first radius of curvature within 10% of the frame radius of curvature.

[0521] EMBODIMENT 57 57. The method of any one of claims 52 to 56, wherein attaching the glass substrate to the frame comprises applying an adhesive to one or both of the first frame surface and the second major surface, and laminating the glass substrate and the frame such that the adhesive is between the glass substrate and the frame.

[0522] EMBODIMENT 58 58. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 57, wherein the frame width is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0523] EMBODIMENT 59 59. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 58, wherein the frame length is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0524] EMBODIMENT 60 60. The method of any one of claims 52 to 59, wherein the frame width is no greater than 0.9 times the width of the glass substrate.

[0525] EMBODIMENT 61 61. The method of any one of claims 52 to 60, wherein the frame length is no greater than 0.9 times the length of the glass substrate.

[0526] EMBODIMENT 62 62. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 61, further comprising the step of positioning a display module in the frame opening in the inner surface, the display module having a display width smaller than the frame width or a display length smaller than the frame length.

[0527] EMBODIMENT 63 63. The method of embodiment 62, further comprising laminating the display module to the second major surface of the glass substrate.

[0528] EMBODIMENT 64 64. The method of embodiment 62 or 63, wherein the frame width is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display width.

[0529] EMBODIMENT 65 The method of any one of embodiments 62 to 64, wherein the frame length is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display length.

[0530] EMBODIMENT 66 66. The method of any one of embodiments 62 to 65, wherein placing a display module in a frame opening within the inner surface includes mechanically aligning the display module using the inner surface.

[0531] EMBODIMENT 67 67. The method of any one of embodiments 62 to 66, wherein the inner surface and the first frame surface form an opaque boundary surrounding the display module.

[0532] EMBODIMENT 68 68. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 67, wherein the glass substrate is transparent.

[0533] EMBODIMENT 69 69. The method of any one of claims 52 to 68, wherein the second major surface of the glass substrate is substantially free of any coating or film having an average light transmittance of 50% or less over the visible spectrum from about 380 nm to about 720 nm.

[0534] EMBODIMENT 70 70. The method of any one of claims 52 to 69, wherein the glass substrate has a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, wherein the width of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame width, the length of the glass substrate is equal to or greater than the frame length, and the thickness is 1.5 mm or less.

[0535] EMBODIMENT 71 71. The method of any one of claims 53 to 70, wherein the frame includes a bezel extending from the first major surface away from the second major surface for at least partially surrounding a minor surface of the glass substrate.

[0536] EMBODIMENT 72 72. The method of claim 71, wherein the bezel has a height equal to or greater than a thickness of the glass substrate.

[0537] EMBODIMENT 73 73. The method of claim 71 or 72, wherein the bezel is made of a material having a stiffness greater than that of the glass substrate or the frame.

[0538] EMBODIMENT 74 74. The method of any one of claims 71 to 73, further comprising a cushioning material disposed between the bezel and the glass substrate.

[0539] EMBODIMENT 75 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the cushioning material comprises a polymer or rubber material.

[0540] EMBODIMENT 76 76. The method of any one of claims 52 to 75, wherein the minor surface has an edge strength of about 200 MPa or greater when tested by a four-point bend test.

[0541] EMBODIMENT 77 76. The method of any one of claims 52 to 75, wherein any one of the first major surface, the second major surface, and the minor surface has a maximum flaw size of 15 μm or less.

[0542] EMBODIMENT 78 77. The method of any one of embodiments 62 to 76, further comprising attaching the display module to the glass substrate while the glass substrate is attached to the frame as a carrier.

[0543] EMBODIMENT 79 79. The method of claim 78, wherein the step of attaching the display module to the glass substrate comprises applying an optically transparent adhesive between the display module and the glass substrate, and the inner surface comprises the adhesive within the frame opening.

[0544] EMBODIMENT 80 67. The method of embodiment 66, further comprising maintaining an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0545] Embodiment 81 81. The method of any one of claims 52 to 80, wherein the frame and the glass substrate are attached to form an integral unit that experiences substantially the same stress as one another before, during, and after an impact to either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0546] EMBODIMENT 82 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the frame due to an impact on the portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface.

[0547] EMBODIMENT 83 83. The method of claim 82, wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate, measured across the first major surface, is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from the impact.

[0548] EMBODIMENT 84 84. The method of any one of claims 52 to 83, wherein the glass substrate resists localized bending at the impact zone before, during, and after impact at the impact zone of either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0549] EMBODIMENT 85 85. The method of any one of claims 52 to 84, further comprising mounting the frame and the glass substrate to a vehicle interior base.

[0550] EMBODIMENT 86 86. The method of embodiment 85, wherein mounting the frame and glass substrate to a vehicle interior base includes attaching a mounting system to the frame, the mounting system allowing the cover glass-frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base following an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0551] EMBODIMENT 87 87. The method of embodiment 86, wherein the mounting system temporarily attaches the glass substrate and the frame to the vehicle interior base.

[0552] EMBODIMENT 88 88. The method of embodiment 86 or 87, wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the glass substrate and the frame, the mounting system including a magnet system, the magnet system including one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base.

[0553] EMBODIMENT 89 The method of any one of embodiments 86 to 88, wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the glass substrate and the frame, the mounting system including a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding plurality of pins of the vehicle interior base.

[0554] EMBODIMENT 90 90. The method of any one of claims 86 to 89, wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0555] EMBODIMENT 91 The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 90, wherein the deceleration of an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg is less than or equal to 120 g (the acceleration of gravity) when the impact member impacts the first major surface with an impact velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s.

[0556] EMBODIMENT 92 92. The method of embodiment 91, wherein the deceleration of the impact member is less than or equal to 80 g for any 3 millisecond interval over the time of impact.

[0557] EMBODIMENT 93 93. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 92, further comprising providing a scratch resistant film or coating on the first major surface.

[0558] EMBODIMENT 94 94. The method of embodiment 93, wherein the scratch-resistant film is removable.

[0559] EMBODIMENT 95 A method of forming a cover glass system for a vehicle interior system, comprising providing a cover glass-frame system according to any one of embodiments 12 to 20, 26 to 34 and 37 to 51, and disposing a display module in the frame opening within the interior surface, the display module having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length.

[0560] EMBODIMENT 96 96. The method of embodiment 95, further comprising laminating the display module to a second major surface of the glass substrate.

[0561] EMBODIMENT 97 97. The method of embodiment 95 or 96, wherein the frame width is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display width.

[0562] EMBODIMENT 98 98. The method of any one of embodiments 95 to 97, wherein the frame length is greater than or equal to about 1.2 times the display length.

[0563] EMBODIMENT 99 99. The method of any one of embodiments 95 to 98, wherein placing a display module in a frame opening within the inner surface includes mechanically aligning the display module using the inner surface.

[0564] EMBODIMENT 100 100. The method of any one of embodiments 95 to 99, wherein the inner surface and the first frame surface form an opaque boundary surrounding the display module.

[0565] EMBODIMENT 101 101. The method of any one of embodiments 95 to 100, further comprising maintaining an air gap between the display module and the glass substrate.

[0566] EMBODIMENT 102 102. The method of any one of embodiments 95 to 101, further comprising attaching the display module to the glass substrate while the glass substrate is attached to the frame as a carrier.

[0567] EMBODIMENT 103 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the step of attaching the display module to the glass substrate comprises applying an optically transparent adhesive between the display module and the glass substrate, and the inner surface comprises the adhesive within the frame opening.

[0568] EMBODIMENT 104 104. The method of any one of claims 95 to 103, wherein the frame and the glass substrate are attached to form an integral unit that experiences substantially the same stress as one another before, during, and after an impact on either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0569] EMBODIMENT 105 105. The method of claim 104, wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the frame due to an impact on a portion of the second frame surface is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate measured across a portion of the first major surface adjacent to the portion of the second frame surface.

[0570] EMBODIMENT 106 106. The method of claim 105, wherein the maximum stress exhibited by the glass substrate, measured across the first major surface, is within 10% of the maximum stress exhibited by the frame resulting from the impact.

[0571] EMBODIMENT 107 107. The method of any one of claims 104 to 106, wherein the glass substrate resists local bending at the impact zone before, during, and after impact at the impact zone of either or both of the frame and the glass substrate.

[0572] EMBODIMENT 108 108. The method of any one of embodiments 95 to 107, further comprising mounting the cover glass-frame system to a vehicle interior base.

[0573] EMBODIMENT 109 109. The method of embodiment 108, wherein mounting the cover glass and frame system to a vehicle interior base includes attaching a mounting system to the frame, the mounting system allowing the cover glass and frame system to move relative to the vehicle interior base following an impact to either or both of the vehicle interior base and the cover glass and frame system.

[0574] Embodiment 110 110. The method of embodiment 109, wherein the mounting system temporarily attaches the cover glass-frame system to the vehicle interior base.

[0575] EMBODIMENT 111 The method of embodiment 109 or 110, wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the cover glass-frame system, the mounting system including a magnet system, the magnet system including one or more magnets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding metal surface of the vehicle interior base.

[0576] EMBODIMENT 112 The method of any one of embodiments 109 to 111, wherein the mounting system temporarily mounts the cover glass-frame system, the mounting system including a plurality of rubber gaskets attached to one or both of the second frame surface and the frame edge for mounting to a corresponding plurality of pins of the vehicle interior base.

[0577] EMBODIMENT 113 The method of any one of embodiments 109 to 112, wherein the mounting system includes a plurality of springs attached between the vehicle interior base and the cover glass-frame system.

[0578] EMBODIMENT 114 The method of any one of claims 95 to 113, wherein the deceleration of an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg is less than or equal to 120 g (the acceleration of gravity) when the impact member impacts the first major surface with an impact velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s.

[0579] EMBODIMENT 115 115. The method of embodiment 114, wherein the deceleration of the impact member is less than or equal to 80 g for any 3 millisecond interval over the time of impact.

[0580] EMBODIMENT 116 116. The method of any one of embodiments 95 to 115, further comprising providing a scratch resistant film or coating on the first major surface.

[0581] EMBODIMENT 117 117. The method of embodiment 116, wherein the scratch-resistant film is removable. [Explanation of symbols]

[0582] 10 Vehicle interior 100, 200, 300 Vehicle Interior Systems 110 Center console base 120, 220, 320 curved surface 122 Second Part 123 Aperture 130, 230, 330 Display 140 Curved glass substrate 142, 2012, 3012, 4012, 5012 First main surface 144, 2014, 3014, 4014, 5014 Second main surface 146 Side face 147 Circumference 148 Internal 150, 4020 Display Module 152, 2030, 3030, 4030, 5030 Second glass substrate 154, 2040, 3040, 4040 Backlight Unit 156 First Part 158, 2020, 3020, 5020 frames 159 Flange 160, 2050, 3050, 4050, 5050 adhesive layer 161 Convex part 163 Concave part 170 Display module holder 180 Back case 210 Dashboard Base 215 Instrument panel 310 Handle base 1110 Vacuum equipment 1120 First radius of curvature 1426 Vacuum bag 1442 Autoclave 1470 Display Assembly 1581 First Frame Surface 1582 Second Frame Surface 1583 Frame Edge 1584 Frame Width 1585 Frame Length 1590 Bezel 1592 Cushioning material 2000, 3000 kits 2010, 3010 Cold bending glass substrate 2022 Curved surface 4010 Flexible glass substrate 5001 Laminate 5005 First Surface 5010 First glass substrate

Claims

1. In cover glass and frame systems for vehicle interior systems, a frame having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to the frame thickness, and a frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame having a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an interior surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; a glass substrate disposed on and attached to the first frame surface, the glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, the glass substrate having a thickness defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, a width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to the thickness, and a length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces perpendicular to both the thickness and the width, the width of the glass substrate being equal to or greater than the frame width, the length of the glass substrate being equal to or greater than the frame length, and the thickness being equal to or less than 1.5 mm; a display module disposed in the frame opening in the inner surface, the display module having a display width less than the frame width or a display length less than the frame length; the glass substrate completely covers the frame opening; the glass substrate is a cold bent glass substrate; a first adhesive attaches the glass substrate to the first frame surface, the first adhesive being a structural adhesive that maintains the curved shape of the glass substrate; A second adhesive attaches the display module to the glass substrate, the second adhesive being an optically clear adhesive.

2. The coverglass and frame system of claim 1 , wherein said first frame surface is flat.

3. The coverglass and frame system of claim 1 wherein said second frame surface is flat.

4. 10. The cover glass and frame system of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the first frame surface and the glass substrate have a radius of curvature of 20 mm or greater.

5. 10. The cover glass and frame system of claim 1, wherein the first frame surface has a frame radius of curvature of 20 mm or more and the glass substrate has a first radius of curvature within 10% of the frame radius of curvature.

6. 6. The cover glass and frame system of claim 1 further comprising a bezel extending from the first major surface or the frame edge away from the second major surface and at least partially surrounding the minor surface of the glass substrate.

7. The coverglass and frame system of claim 1 , wherein the interior surface contains the adhesive within the frame opening.

8. The coverglass and frame system of claim 1 further comprising a mounting system for attaching the coverglass and frame system to a vehicle interior base.

9. 6. A cover glass / frame system as claimed in claim 1, wherein when an impact member having a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first main surface at an impact velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impact member is 120 g (acceleration of gravity) or less.

Images