Arc welding control method and arc welding device

Abstract

In this arc welding control method, first control is performed in which a welding current (Ia) is increased to a first current value (I1) of 200 A to 300 A at a first gradient (S1) and the first current value (I1) is maintained during a first period (T1). Next, second control is performed in which the welding current (Ia) is increased from the first current value (I1) to a second current value (I2) at a second gradient (S2) and the second current value (I2) is maintained during a second period (T2). Thereafter, third control is performed in which the welding current (Ia) is increased from the second current value (I2) to a third current value (I3) that is larger than the first current value (I1) at a third gradient (S3). Fourth control is started in which the welding current (Ia) is reduced from the third current value (I3) within 0.5 ms after the welding current (Ia) reaches the third current value (I3) by means of the third control.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an arc welding control method and an arc welding apparatus for controlling a welding current in short-circuit arc welding. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses an arc welding control method in which a short circuit period and an arc period are alternately repeated while feeding a welding wire toward a base metal at a constant feed rate. In this arc welding control method, the welding current is increased at the beginning of the arc period, thereby suppressing the occurrence of a short circuit after the start of the arc period and reducing spatter. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2013 / 145569 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In arc welding using a shielding gas whose main component is carbon dioxide, if the welding current is increased at the beginning of the arc period as in Patent Document 1, the molten pool vibrates significantly due to the arc force when the droplets are transferred to the globules, causing micro-short circuits and increasing spatter.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned points, and an object of the present disclosure is to reduce spatter generated during arc welding using a shielding gas containing carbon dioxide gas as a main component. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure is an arc welding control method that alternates between short circuit periods and arc periods while feeding a welding wire toward a base metal at a constant wire feed speed using a shielding gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide gas, and that is characterized in that the arc period is started by increasing a welding current during the short circuit period, and during the arc period, a first control is performed to increase the welding current at a first current value of 200 A or more and 300 A or less at a first gradient and maintain the welding current at the first current value for a first period, a second control is performed to decrease the welding current from the first current value to a second current value at a second gradient and maintain the welding current at the second current value for a second period, a third control is performed to increase the welding current from the second current value at a third gradient to a third current value higher than the first current value, and a fourth control is started within 0.5 ms after the welding current reaches the third current value by the third control.

[0007] According to this embodiment, the vibration of the molten pool caused by the first control can be suppressed by the arc force caused by the welding current increased by the third control, thereby reducing spatter caused by micro-short circuits between the molten pool and the molten droplets.

[0008] Furthermore, since the welding current is reduced within 0.5 ms after reaching the third current value, it is possible to suppress the amplification of vibration of the molten pool caused by the arc force due to the welding current having the third current value. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce spatter that occurs during arc welding using a shielding gas containing carbon dioxide gas as a main component. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an arc welding device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing output waveforms of the welding current, welding voltage, and wire feed speed during arc welding using a shielding gas containing carbon dioxide as a main component. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A is a front view showing the vicinity of a welding point during a first period. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is a view equivalent to FIG. 3A during a second period. [Figure 3C] FIG. 3C is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3A at a third timing. [Figure 3D] FIG. 3D is a view equivalent to FIG. 3A when the fourth control is completed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, its application, or its uses.

[0012] FIG. 1 shows an arc welding apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This arc welding apparatus 1 is a DC welding machine that performs short-circuit arc welding by alternately repeating a short circuit period and an arc period while feeding a welding wire 5 held by a torch 3 toward a base material 7 at a constant feed rate. During the short circuit period, the welding wire 5 and the base material 7 are short-circuited, and during the arc period, an arc A is generated between the welding wire 5 and the base material 7. The torch 3 is held by an operator. The welding wire 5 is made of mild steel and has a wire diameter (Φ) of, for example, 1.2 mm. The base material 7 is a plate material made of mild steel, high tensile steel, or galvanized steel. The plate thickness of the base material 7 is set to 3 mm or more and 12 mm or less. In addition, a gas containing carbon dioxide gas as a main component of 70% or more is used as a shielding gas sprayed on the base material 7. The torch 3 is provided with a tip 9 for supplying power to the welding wire 5.

[0013] The arc welding apparatus 1 includes an AC power supply 11, a first rectifier element 13, a switching element 15, a main transformer 17, a second rectifier element 19, a reactor 21, a current detector 23, a voltage detector 25, a wire feeder 27, a current / voltage control unit 29, and a wire feed speed control unit 31.

[0014] The first rectifying element 13 rectifies the output of the AC power supply 11 .

[0015] Under the control of current / voltage control unit 29, switching element 15 adjusts the output of first rectifier element 13 to an output suitable for welding.

[0016] The main transformer 17 converts the output of the switching element 15 into an output suitable for welding.

[0017] The second rectifying element 19 rectifies the output of the main transformer 17 .

[0018] Reactor 21 is electrically connected to welding wire 5, and rectifies the output of second rectifying element 19 to stabilize welding current Ia (see FIG. 2).

[0019] The current detector 23 detects the welding current Ia supplied between the welding wire 5 and the base metal 7 .

[0020] Voltage detector 25 detects welding voltage Va (see FIG. 2) supplied between welding wire 5 and base metal 7.

[0021] Wire feeder 27 feeds welding wire 5 at a feed speed based on the output of wire feed speed controller 31 .

[0022] Current / voltage control unit 29 has a state determination unit 29a, a short circuit period control unit 29b, an arc period control unit 29c, an electronic reactor control unit 29d, and a drive unit 29e.

[0023] Status determination unit 29a compares welding voltage Va (see FIG. 2) detected by voltage detector 25 with preset first and second threshold voltages Vth1, Vth2 (see FIG. 2) to output a status signal indicating whether the status is in the arc period or the short circuit period. When welding voltage Va becomes equal to or lower than first threshold voltage Vth1 during the arc period, it determines that a short circuit has occurred and a short circuit state has been entered, and switches the status signal to a signal indicating a short circuit period, whereas when welding voltage Va becomes equal to or higher than second threshold voltage Vth2 during the short circuit period, it determines that the short circuit has been opened and an arc state has been entered, and switches the status signal to a signal indicating an arc period.

[0024] When the status signal output by the status determination unit 29a indicates a short circuit period, the short circuit period control unit 29b controls the welding current Ia by causing the drive unit 29e to output a signal to turn the switching element 15 on and off based on the welding current Ia detected by the current detector 23.

[0025] When the status signal output by status determination unit 29a indicates the arc period, arc period control unit 29c performs current control to control welding current Ia to follow a target current value by causing drive unit 29e to output a signal to turn on and off switching element 15 based on welding current Ia detected by current detector 23, and voltage control to control welding voltage Va to follow a target voltage value by causing drive unit 29e to output a signal to turn on and off switching element 15 based on welding voltage Va detected by voltage detector 25. During voltage control, voltage control is performed so that the inductance value related to the welding output becomes the sum of the inductance value of reactor 21 electrically connected to welding wire 5 and the inductance value determined by electronic reactor control unit 29d.

[0026] Electronic reactor control unit 29d determines the inductance value using a table or a formula based on the set current of welding current Ia or the set value of wire feed speed Wf.

[0027] Drive unit 29e outputs a signal for turning switching element 15 on and off under the control of short circuit period control unit 29b and arc period control unit 29c.

[0028] As shown in FIG. 2, the wire feed speed control unit 31 outputs a signal indicative of a constant wire feed speed Wf.

[0029] Hereinafter, the control of the welding current Ia and the welding voltage Va by the current / voltage control unit 29 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

[0030] First, at a first timing t1, the state determination unit 29a outputs a state signal indicating that the short circuit period is in progress, and then the short circuit period control unit 29b increases the welding current Ia from the current value Is at the time of the short circuit. This starts the arc period at a second timing t2. When the arc period starts, the arc period control unit 29c performs a first control to increase the welding current Ia to a first current value I1 at a first gradient S1 and maintain the first current value I1 for a first period T1. This generates an arc A as shown in FIG. 3A, and the arc force in the direction of the arrow X causes vibrations in the molten pool 7a.

[0031] The first current value I1 is set to 200 A or more and 300 A or less. The reason why the first current value I1 is set to 200 A or more is that if the first current value I1 is set to less than 200 A, the arc A becomes unstable due to insufficient heat input, and if the first current value I1 is set to a value exceeding 300 A, when the droplets 5a are generated at the tip of the welding wire 5 and grow, the heat input to the welding wire 5 becomes excessive, causing spatter from the droplets 5a.

[0032] The first period T1 is set to 1 msec or more and 3 msec or less, and is particularly preferably set to 2 msec. The reason for setting the first period T1 to 1 msec or more and 3 msec or less is that if the first period T1 is set to less than 1 msec, the arc length cannot be stably secured and micro-short circuits are likely to occur, whereas if the first period T1 is set to a value exceeding 3 msec, there is a risk that the molten pool 7a will be blown away due to excessive heat input, resulting in the scattering of spatter.

[0033] The first gradient S1 is set to be equal to or greater than 200 A / msec and equal to or less than 400 A / msec.

[0034] Next, the arc period control unit 29c performs a second control in which the welding current Ia is reduced from the first current value I1 to the second current value I2 at a second gradient S2 and maintained at the second current value I2 for a second period T2. At this time, as shown in Fig. 3B, the molten pool 7a oscillates so that the center approaches the molten droplet 5a, but by maintaining the welding current Ia at the second current value I2 for the second period T2, the oscillation of the molten pool 7a caused by the first control is suppressed and the molten pool 7a is stabilized.

[0035] The second current value I2 is set to 100 A or more and 200 A or less, and is particularly preferably set to 150 A. The reason for setting the second current value I2 to 100 A or more and 200 A or less is that if the second current value I2 is set to less than 100 A, the arc A becomes unstable due to insufficient heat input, and if the second current value is set to a value exceeding 200 A, the vibration of the molten pool 7a is amplified due to excessive heat input. By setting the second current value I2 to 150 A, the arc length can be particularly stabilized.

[0036] The second gradient S2 is set smaller than the first gradient S1. Specifically, it is set to 150 A / msec or more and 300 A / msec or less, and it is particularly preferable to set it to 250 A / msec. The reason why the second gradient S2 is set to 150 A / msec or more and 300 A / msec or less is that if the second gradient S2 is set to less than 150 A / msec, the effect of suppressing the vibration of the molten pool 7a is reduced and a micro-short circuit is likely to occur, whereas if the second gradient S2 is set to a value exceeding 300 A / msec, the tip of the welding wire 5 approaches the molten pool 7a and a micro-short circuit is likely to occur. By setting the second gradient S2 to 250 A / msec, a micro-short circuit can be effectively suppressed.

[0037] The second period T2 is set to 1 msec or more and 1500 msec or less, and is preferably set to 1000 msec. The reason for setting the second period T2 to 1 msec or more and 1500 msec or less is that if the second period T2 is set to less than 1 msec, the vibration of the molten pool 7a cannot be suppressed sufficiently, and if the second period T2 is set to a value exceeding 1500 msec, the arc A becomes unstable due to insufficient heat input.

[0038] Thereafter, when the second period T2 has elapsed since the welding current Ia was reduced to the second current value I2, the arc period control unit 29c performs a third control to increase the welding current Ia from the second current value I2 to a third current value I3 higher than the first current value I1 at a third gradient S3. This suppresses vibration of the molten pool 7a due to the arc force acting on the molten pool 7a. The first to third controls are performed by the current control. Since the first to third controls are performed by the current control, it is possible to reduce changes in the welding current Ia due to disturbances.

[0039] The third current value I3 is set to 200 A or more and 400 A or less, and is particularly preferably set to 250 A. The reason for setting the third current value I3 to 200 A or more and 400 A or less is that if the third current value I3 is set to less than 200 A, the arc force acting on the molten pool 7a is too small to adequately suppress the vibration of the molten pool 7a, and if the third current value I3 is set to a value exceeding 400 A, the arc force blows away the molten pool 7a, making it difficult to adequately suppress the vibration of the molten pool 7a. Setting the third current value I3 to 250 A makes it possible to particularly effectively suppress the vibration of the molten pool 7a.

[0040] The third gradient S3 is set to be smaller than the first gradient S1 and larger than the absolute value of the second gradient S2, that is, the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied.

[0041] S1>S3>|S2| (1) Specifically, the third gradient S3 is set to 150 A / msec or more and 400 A / msec or less, and is particularly preferably set to 300 A / msec. The reason for setting the third gradient S3 to 150 A / msec or more and 400 A / msec or less is that if the third gradient S3 is set to less than 150 A / msec, the heat input is slow and the current control period is long, making the arc A more unstable, while if the third gradient S3 is set to a value exceeding 150 A / msec, the rapid heat input amplifies the vibration of the molten pool 7a. By setting the third gradient S3 to 300 A / msec, the vibration of the molten pool 7a can be effectively suppressed and the arc length can be stabilized.

[0042] Next, the arc period control unit 29c starts a fourth control for reducing the welding current Ia from the third current value I3 within 0.5 ms from the third timing t3 at which the welding current Ia reaches the third current value I3 by the third control. The fourth control is performed by the voltage control. That is, the arc period control unit 29c controls the welding voltage Va so that the welding current Ia corresponding to the welding voltage Va is reduced from the third current value I3. The voltage control has a better responsiveness than the current control, so that the welding voltage Va can be reduced steeply and high-speed welding can be achieved. In addition, the fourth control is performed so that the inductance value related to the welding output is the sum of the inductance value of the reactor electrically connected to the welding wire 5 and the inductance value determined by the electronic reactor control unit 29d. This allows the inductance value to be controlled more precisely.

[0043] It is particularly preferable that the fourth control is started within 0.2 ms from the third timing t3. In this way, the vibration of the molten pool 7a caused by the first control can be effectively suppressed by reducing the welding current Ia immediately (immediately) after it reaches the third current value I3 to apply a large arc force to the molten pool 7a for only a moment. While the welding current Ia is maintained at the third current value I3, the center of the molten pool 7a is pushed toward the side opposite the droplet 5a by the arc force, as shown in FIG. 3C. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the micro-short circuit between the molten pool 7a and the droplet 5a, reduce the spatter caused by the micro-short circuit, and ensure the periodicity of the short circuit. In addition, since the welding current Ia is reduced within 0.5 ms after it reaches the third current value I3, it is possible to suppress the amplification of the vibration of the molten pool 7a by the arc force caused by the welding current Ia at the third current value I3.

[0044] When the fourth control is continued for a while, as shown in FIG. 3D, the droplet 5a of the welding wire 5 comes into contact with the molten pool 7a, and the period transitions to a short circuit period. After that, when the arc period starts again, the current / voltage control unit 29 repeats the first to fourth controls. Each of the first to fourth controls is performed once during one arc period. In this embodiment, the third and fourth controls are performed only once during one arc period, but they may be performed two or more times. Note that it is preferable that the number of times the third and fourth controls are performed during one arc period is as small as possible from the viewpoint of the lead time (production takt) of the welding process.

[0045] In this embodiment, welding is performed with the torch 3 held by a worker, but the torch 3 may be held by a robot. [Industrial Applicability]

[0046] The arc welding control method and arc welding apparatus disclosed herein can reduce spatter generated during arc welding using a shielding gas containing carbon dioxide as a main component, and are useful as an arc welding control method and arc welding apparatus for controlling the welding current in short-circuit arc welding. [Explanation of symbols]

[0047] 1. Arc welding equipment 5 Welding Wire 7 Base material 21 Reactor 23 Current detector 25 Voltage detector 29 Current and voltage control section 29d Electronic reactor control section Ia Welding current I1 First current value S1 First slope T1 1st Period I2 Second current value S2 Second slope T2 2nd Period I3 Third current value S3 Third Slope Wf Wire feed speed

Claims

1. A method for controlling arc welding in which a shielding gas containing carbon dioxide as a main component is used, and a welding wire is fed toward a base metal at a constant wire feed speed while a short circuit period and an arc period are alternately repeated, a first control is performed during the arc period to increase the welding current at a first gradient to a first current value of 200 A or more and 300 A or less at a first gradient and maintain the welding current at the first current value for a first period, a second control is performed to decrease the welding current from the first current value to a second current value at a second gradient and maintain the welding current at the second current value for a second period, a third control is performed to increase the welding current from the second current value at a third gradient to a third current value higher than the first current value, and a fourth control is started within 0.5 ms after the welding current reaches the third current value by the third control.

2. 2. The method for controlling arc welding according to claim 1, a fourth control step of starting the fourth control within 0.2 ms after the welding current reaches a third current value by the third control step;

3. 3. The method for controlling arc welding according to claim 1, A method for controlling arc welding, comprising the steps of: performing the third and fourth controls at least once during one arc period.

4. The method for controlling arc welding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, When the first gradient is S1, the absolute value of the second gradient is |S2|, and the third gradient is S3, the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: S1>S3>|S2| (1) 2. An arc welding control method comprising:

5. The arc welding control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a control circuit for controlling an arc welding current during the short circuit period and the first to third controls are performed by current control, and the fourth control is performed by voltage control.

6. 6. The method for controlling arc welding according to claim 5, a value of the inductance related to the welding output during the fourth control is a sum of an inductance value of a reactor electrically connected to the welding wire and an inductance value determined by an electronic reactor control unit.

7. An arc welding device that performs short-circuit arc welding by alternately repeating short-circuit periods and arc periods while feeding a welding wire toward a base metal at a constant wire feed speed, using a shielding gas containing carbon dioxide as a main component, a voltage detector for detecting a welding voltage; a current detector for detecting a welding current; and a control unit that starts the arc period by increasing the welding current during the short circuit period based on the welding voltage detected by the voltage detector and the welding current detected by the current detector, and during the arc period, performs a first control of increasing the welding current at a first current value of 200 A or more and 300 A or less at a first gradient and maintaining the first current value for a first period, then performs a second control of decreasing the welding current from the first current value to a second current value at a second gradient and maintaining the welding current at the second current value for a second period, thereafter performs a third control of increasing the welding current from the second current value to a third current value higher than the first current value at a third gradient, and starts a fourth control of decreasing the welding current from the third current value within 0.5 ms after the welding current reaches the third current value by the third control.

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