Smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle, smoke exhaust heat exhaust system, fire engine

Abstract

To provide a smoke exhaustion heat exhaustion nozzle that has excellent portability and enables efficient smoke exhaustion heat exhaustion work, a smoke exhaustion heat exhaustion system, and a fire truck.SOLUTION: A smoke exhaustion heat exhaustion nozzle 30 is to be used for work of discharging smoke and hot-air in a fire compartment 1 using emission. The nozzle comprises a plurality of emission ports 32 for emitting, as fluid, liquid or gas-liquid mixed-phase flow obtained by mixing liquid and gas and individual flow channels 33 communicating with the respective emission ports 32. Emission lines 33A of all of the individual flow channels 33 or at least one or some of the individual flow channels 33 are directed obliquely with respect to the central axis 30A of the nozzle in a direction separated from the central axis 30A. Fluid is emitted from the emission ports 32 along the emission lines 33A.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a smoke and heat exhaust nozzle used to exhaust smoke and hot air from a fire compartment by radiation, a smoke and heat exhaust system, and a fire engine equipped with the smoke and heat exhaust system. [Background technology]

[0002] Traditional wooden buildings are prone to fire spreading quickly, but because the ceilings and walls burn easily, smoke, gas, and heat are easily released from the fire compartment (fire room). On the other hand, modern buildings such as buildings and apartments have become more airtight and insulated, making it less likely for a fire to spread from one compartment to another, but because the ceilings and walls do not burn easily, smoke, gas, and heat tend to remain in the fire compartment for a long time. An environment in which smoke, gas, and heat remain within a fire compartment hinders firefighting efforts. For example, obstructed visibility can lead to overlooking a person in need of rescue, or the inability to identify the source of the fire can result in wasted fire extinguishing agent. Furthermore, high-temperature environments put not only the person in need of rescue but also firefighters at risk of burns. Furthermore, there is a risk of the fire spreading rapidly if flammable gases remaining within the fire compartment ignite (a flashover). To reduce these risks, there is a technique called PPV (Positive Pressure Ventilation) that exhausts smoke and heat from within the fire compartment. PPV uses an engine- or electrically-driven fan-type smoke exhaust device, or the airflow generated by a gun-type nozzle to blow air into the air intake vents at the entrance to the fire compartment, creating positive pressure in the fire compartment and expelling smoke, gas, and heat trapped within the compartment through the exhaust vents, ensuring visibility and limiting the spread of the fire. This tactic improves the safety and efficiency of firefighting efforts in highly airtight and insulated buildings.

[0003] Here, Patent Document 1 discloses a portable smoke exhaust device that is mainly composed of an injection nozzle group consisting of multiple injection nozzles that inject compressed air and a nozzle arrangement member in which the injection nozzle group is arranged, the nozzle arrangement member being formed from a tubular material so that compressed air can be supplied to each injection nozzle, multiple injection nozzles being arranged at predetermined intervals in each horizontal pipe section, and the outline connecting the centers of the multiple injection nozzles located on the outer edge of the injection nozzle group being rectangular in shape to fit the shape of the opening. Patent document 2 also discloses a fluid delivery device that includes a flow path pipe through which a fluid flows, a jet nozzle that ejects the fluid flowing through the flow path pipe, and a diffusion member that is placed at the jet nozzle, the diffusion member having a flow direction change portion that changes the flow direction of the fluid, and that diffuses the fluid ejected from the jet nozzle by rotating the diffusion member. Patent Document 3 also discloses a two-fluid spray device that includes a gas-liquid mixing section having a gas inlet pipe and a liquid inlet pipe, a spray section connected to the tip of the gas-liquid mixing section and spraying the air (gas) and water (liquid) mixed in the gas-liquid mixing section as mist, a single rigid pipe connecting the gas-liquid mixing section and the spray section and bent downward midway, and an on-off valve attached to the pipe and operated by an operating lever to open and close the conduit, the gas inlet pipe and liquid inlet pipe being connected to gas hoses and liquid hoses from a gas supply source and a liquid supply source via pipe joints, and the on-off valve being opened by operating the operating lever to spray mist water from the spray section onto flames to extinguish the fire. Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses a fire extinguishing nozzle device in which a central nozzle cylinder that sprays water protrudes from the center of a nozzle mounting base that receives the water supply, and a plurality of peripheral nozzle cylinders that also spray water protrude from the nozzle mounting base around the central nozzle cylinder, and air suction holes that draw external air into the interior are drilled in the diameter direction on the sides of the central nozzle cylinder and the peripheral nozzle cylinder. Furthermore, Patent Document 5 discloses a fire extinguishing nozzle that includes a nozzle body having a water discharge port and a cylindrical frame with a bottom connected to the nozzle body, with a pair of openings formed in the diameter direction of the frame that are larger than the water discharge port, with multiple slit-shaped nozzle holes formed from the bottom wall to the peripheral wall of the frame, and with a cone at the top center of the bottom wall of the frame, and that is installed above a belt conveyor for transporting flammable materials. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-200531 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-034272 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-144986 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-291699 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-309991 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The fan-type smoke exhaust devices primarily used in PPV tactics weigh approximately 30 kg for small ones and as much as 80 kg for large ones, making them difficult to transport. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, elevators are likely to be unavailable, forcing firefighters to use the stairs, placing a particularly significant burden on firefighters the higher the fire compartment is located. However, the highly airtight and highly insulated buildings in which PPV tactics are often used are often high-rise, so it is expected that PPV tactics will be used more frequently on higher floors. Furthermore, since firefighting operations are carried out after smoke and heat exhaust operations, not only the smoke exhaust devices but also the fire hoses must be extended to the fire compartment. Furthermore, even the smallest fan-type smoke exhaust devices are about 50cm cubed, depending on the model. Firefighting equipment is loaded onto fire trucks and transported to the scene of a fire, but because fire trucks are packed with various equipment and have limited loading space, it is not easy to secure space to load a fan-type smoke exhaust device. In addition, the airflow generated by fan-type smoke exhaust devices and conventional gun-type nozzles is circular, but the openings that serve as air intakes are often rectangular, such as entrances, doorways, or balcony windows, so the shape of the opening does not match the generated airflow. As a result, the airflow on the left and right ends misses the intake and is wasted. Furthermore, because the airflow on the top and bottom ends is weaker than that near the center, the wind pressure at the intake becomes uneven, causing backflow and reducing the amount of air supplied from the intake to the fire compartment. Furthermore, the portable smoke exhaust device of Patent Document 1 is heavier and larger in shape than a gun-type nozzle, which increases the burden on firefighters to carry it, especially when the fire compartment is on a high floor. It also requires a certain amount of space in the fire engine to be installed. Furthermore, the fluid discharge device of Patent Document 2 sprays the fluid while diffusing it by rotating a diffusion member, which makes it easy to spread the sprayed fluid over a predetermined range, but since diffusing the fluid makes it more susceptible to air resistance, some measure is required to prevent a decrease in flow rate. Furthermore, Patent Documents 3 to 5 relate to devices or nozzles for fire extinguishing, and are not intended to be used for smoke and heat exhaust work. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle that is highly portable and can efficiently perform smoke exhaust and heat exhaust work, a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust system equipped with said smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle, and a fire truck equipped with said smoke exhaust and heat exhaust system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 of the present invention described in claim 1 is a nozzle used for the operation of exhausting smoke and hot air from a fire compartment 1 by radiation, and is characterized in that it has a plurality of radiation outlets 32 that radiate a liquid or a gas-liquid multiphase flow of a mixture of liquid and gas as a fluid, and individual flow paths 33 leading to each of the radiation outlets 32, and the radiation rays 33A of all the individual flow paths 33, or at least some of the individual flow paths 33, are directed obliquely with respect to the central axis 30A of the nozzle in a direction away from the central axis 30A, and the fluid is radiated from the radiation outlets 32 along the radiation rays 33A.

[0007] The present invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 described in claim 1, the line α connecting the intersection β of the ray 33A of the individual flow path 33 and the plane γ perpendicular to the central axis 30A forms a straight line or a polygon.

[0008] The present invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that, in the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 described in claim 1, the number of radiation outlets 32 is 6 to 12, and the line α connecting the intersection β of the ray 33A of the individual flow path 33 and the plane γ perpendicular to the central axis 30A forms a polygon.

[0009] The present invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 described in claim 2 or claim 3, a line α connecting the intersection β of the ray 33A of the individual flow path 33 and a plane γ perpendicular to the central axis 30A forms a quadrangle.

[0010] The present invention as set forth in claim 5 is characterized in that the smoke and heat exhaust nozzle 30 as set forth in claim 3 or claim 4 has eight emission ports 32 .

[0011] The present invention as set forth in claim 6 is characterized in that the smoke and heat exhaust nozzle 30 as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5 can be attached to the nozzle connection portion 44 of the nozzle body 40 provided in the gun-type nozzle.

[0012] The present invention as set forth in claim 7 is characterized in that in the smoke and heat exhaust nozzle 30 as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, the plurality of emission ports 32 are a plurality of holes.

[0013] Claim 8 The smoke exhaust heat exhaust system of the present invention described in claims 1 to Claim 7 and a supply device 20 that supplies a fluid to the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30.

[0014] Claim 9 The present invention as described is Claim 8 In the flue gas heat exhaust system described above, the fluid emitted from the emission port 32 of the flue gas heat exhaust nozzle 30 is a mixture of compressed gas.

[0015] Claim 10 The fire engine 10 of the present invention described Claim 8 or Claim 9 The smoke exhaust heat exhaust system according to claim 1 is installed. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle that is highly portable and can efficiently perform smoke exhaust and heat exhaust work, a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust system equipped with said smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle, and a fire truck equipped with said smoke exhaust and heat exhaust system. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a smoke and heat exhaust nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] A diagram showing the internal structure of the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle [Figure 3] Illustration of smoke and heat exhaust work using the same smoke and heat exhaust nozzle [Figure 4] FIG. 10 shows a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle used in the form of the gun-type nozzle. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a fluid flow that does not follow the individual flow paths. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the length of the individual flow path and the ratio of flows that do not follow the individual flow path. [Figure 7] A diagram showing the radiation of the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle [Figure 8] An illustration showing how the radial flow and the accompanying air flow cover the rectangular air intake port. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 shows the evaluation of positive pressure (internal pressure) by testing the example and comparative example. [Figure 10] Photo taken during the radiation test DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The smoke and heat exhaust nozzle according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a nozzle used to exhaust smoke and hot air from a fire compartment by radiation, and is equipped with a plurality of radiation outlets that radiate a liquid or a gas-liquid multiphase flow of a mixture of liquid and gas as a fluid, and individual flow paths leading to each of the radiation outlets, and the radiation rays of all or at least some of the individual flow paths are directed obliquely relative to the central axis in a direction away from the central axis of the nozzle, and the fluid is sprayed from the radiation outlet along the radiation rays. According to this embodiment, the fire compartment can be efficiently pressurized by the radial flow of the liquid or gas-liquid multiphase flow and the air flow generated by the radial flow, and the smoke and heat exhaust can be promoted.

[0019] In a second embodiment of the present invention, in the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle according to the first embodiment, the line connecting the intersection of the ray of the individual flow path with a plane perpendicular to the central axis forms a straight line or a polygon. According to this embodiment, since the air intake is often rectangular, by making the line connecting the intersection of the ray and the plane perpendicular to the central axis a straight line or a polygon, it is possible to effectively prevent the radial flow from partially straying from the air intake, and the air flow generated by the radial flow can be directed toward the fire compartment, thereby forcing the air into the fire compartment.

[0020] The third embodiment of the present invention is a smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle according to the first embodiment, in which the number of outlets is 6 to 12, and the lines connecting the intersections of the rays of the individual flow paths with a plane perpendicular to the central axis form a polygon. According to this embodiment, since the air intake is often rectangular, by setting the direction of the individual flow paths so that the line connecting the intersection of the ray and a plane perpendicular to the central axis forms a polygon, it is possible to effectively prevent the radial flow from partially straying from the air intake, and direct the air flow generated by the radial flow toward the inside of the fire compartment.Furthermore, by having 6 to 12 outlets, it becomes easier to cover the entire surface of the air intake, and the air can be pushed even more strongly into the fire compartment.

[0021] In a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle according to the second or third embodiment, the lines connecting the intersections of the rays of the individual flow paths with a plane perpendicular to the central axis form a quadrangle. According to this embodiment, since air intakes are often rectangular, by making the line connecting the intersection of the ray and a plane perpendicular to the central axis into a square, it is possible to more effectively prevent the radial flow from partially straying from the air intake, and the air flow generated by the radial flow can be directed toward the fire compartment, thereby forcing the air into the fire compartment.

[0022] A fifth embodiment of the present invention is such that the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle according to the third or fourth embodiment has eight outlets. According to this embodiment, it is easier to cover the entire surface of the air intake port, and air can be pushed even more strongly into the fire compartment.

[0023] A sixth embodiment of the present invention is a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle according to any one of the first to fifth embodiments, which can be attached to a nozzle connection part of a nozzle body provided in a gun-type nozzle. According to this embodiment, firefighters can stably spray fluid toward a desired location.

[0024] A seventh embodiment of the present invention is such that, in the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle according to any one of the first to sixth embodiments, the plurality of radiation ports are a plurality of holes. According to this embodiment, the radiation outlet does not protrude from the tip surface, which reduces the possibility of the radiation outlet hitting a wall, floor, etc. and being damaged.

[0025] The present invention No. 8 The smoke exhaust heat exhaust system according to the embodiment includes: Seventh and a supply device that supplies a fluid to the smoke and heat exhaust nozzle. According to this embodiment, a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust system can be provided that efficiently pressurizes the fire compartment using a radial flow of liquid or gas-liquid multiphase flow and the air flow that accompanies it, thereby promoting smoke exhaust and heat exhaust.

[0026] The present invention No. 9 The embodiment of the present invention is No. 8 In the smoke exhaust heat exhaust system according to the embodiment, the fluid emitted from the emission port of the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle is a mixture of compressed gas. According to this embodiment, it is possible to effectively exhaust heat from the exhaust gas using a smaller amount of liquid than when only liquid is used.

[0027] The present invention No. 10 The fire engine according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises: No. 8 or No. 9 The smoke exhaust heat exhaust system is installed in accordance with the embodiment. According to this embodiment, effective smoke and heat exhaust work can be performed without loading a fan-type smoke exhaust device onto a fire truck, making it possible to load other equipment and materials into the empty space. [Example]

[0028] Hereinafter, a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle, a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust system, and a fire engine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 according to this embodiment, with FIG. 1(a) being a perspective view from the front, FIG. 1(b) being a perspective view from the back, FIG. 1(c) being a cross-sectional side view, FIG. 1(d) being a cross-sectional view along AA, FIG. 1(e) being a cross-sectional view along BB, and FIG. 1(f) being a cross-sectional view along CC. FIG. 2 shows the internal structure of the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30, with FIG. 2(a) being a side view, FIG. 2(b) being a side view rotated 90 degrees around the axis of FIG. 2(a), FIG. 2(c) being a perspective view from the front, and FIG. 2(d) being a front view. FIG. 3 is an illustration of smoke exhaust and heat exhaust operation using the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30. As shown in Figure 3, a fire engine 10 is equipped with a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust system that includes a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 and a supply device 20. The supply device 20 has a hose 21, a water pump 22, and a CAFS (Compressed Air Foam System) device 23, and supplies fluid to the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30. The CAFS device 23 is composed of an air compressor, a chemical tank, a controller, etc. The smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 is detachably attached to the end of the hose 21. In addition to the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30, a conventional water nozzle or the like can also be attached to the end of the hose 21.

[0029] When performing work such as PPV tactics to exhaust smoke and hot air from the fire compartment 1 before firefighting work, a smoke and heat exhaust nozzle 30 is attached to the tip of the hose 21. Firefighters aim the smoke and heat exhaust nozzle 30 at the air intake (entrance) 2 of the fire compartment 1 and spray the fluid from outside the fire compartment 1. The air intake 2 is, for example, the entrance to the fire compartment 1. The sprayed fluid and the resulting air flow pressurize the fire compartment 1, and smoke and heat are exhausted from the exhaust vent 3. The exhaust vent 3 is an opening such as a window or a destroyed exterior wall. The fluid used is a liquid such as water, or a gas-liquid multiphase flow that is a mixture of a liquid such as water and a gas such as air. Here, Figure 4 shows a smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 used in the form of a gun-type nozzle, with Figure 4(a) showing only the nozzle body 40, Figure 4(b) showing the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 attached to the nozzle body 40, and Figure 4(c) showing a conventional gun-type nozzle, which is an example of a water-discharging nozzle, with a conventional nozzle 100 attached to the nozzle body 40. A conventional gun-type nozzle includes a nozzle body 40 and a nozzle 100, and sprays a fire extinguishing agent from the nozzle 100. The nozzle body 40 is provided with a valve portion 41 used to stop the water flow and adjust the flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent, a grip portion 42 used as a handle for the firefighter, a fire hose connector 43 used to attach the nozzle to the tip of the hose 21, and a nozzle connector 44 used to attach the nozzle 100. The smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 is preferably attachable to the nozzle connector 44 of the nozzle body 40 so that it can be used in the form of a gun-type nozzle. By using the gun-type nozzle, firefighters can stably spray fluid from the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 at the desired location. Furthermore, even in the form of a gun-type nozzle, the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 is lightweight and easy to carry, weighing only a few kilograms, compared to a fan-type smoke exhaust device, so that the burden on firefighters can be reduced compared to conventional methods, even if the fire compartment 1 is on a high floor. Furthermore, for example, by branching the hose 21 into two just before the fire compartment 1, connecting the fire hose connection part 43 of the nozzle body 40 to which the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 is attached to the tip of one of the branches, and connecting a water nozzle or the like to the tip of the other branch, the hose 21 can be used for both firefighting and smoke exhaust and heat exhaust work, eliminating the need to provide a separate hose 21 for smoke exhaust and heat exhaust work, which reduces the burden on firefighters and contributes to saving space on the fire engine 10 compared to using a fan-type smoke exhaust device.

[0030] 1 and 2, the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 has a tapered, or bullet-shaped, tip, but is generally circular and flat, as if cut perpendicular to the central axis 30A. The rear end of the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 is circular and open, and its inner circumferential surface is provided with a threaded portion 31 that can be connected to firefighting equipment as a firefighting nozzle tip. Note that the threaded portion 31 can be omitted by incorporating the fire hose connection portion 43, or the fire hose connection portion 43 and either or both of the valve portion and grip portion into a single structure. The smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 has a plurality of outlets 32 that emit fluid supplied from the fire engine 10, and individual flow paths 33 that communicate with each of the outlets 32. The rays (central axes) 33A of all of the individual flow paths 33 are directed obliquely with respect to the central axis 30A of the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30, away from the central axis 30A. Therefore, the fluid is emitted from the outlets 32 along the rays 33A. Note that, while the rays 33A are generally directed obliquely at a predetermined angle with respect to the central axis 30A, the nozzle can be used not only for smoke exhaust and heat exhaust but also for fire extinguishing by directing the rays 33A of some of the outlets 32 parallel to the central axis 30A. Note that when used for fire extinguishing, the orientation of the individual flow paths 33 may be changed so that all rays 33A are parallel to the central axis 30A.

[0031] The smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 shown in Figures 1 and 2 has eight radiation ports 32, which are arranged in a perfect circle at equal intervals on the tip surface of the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30, as shown in Figure 1(a). In this embodiment, a plurality of holes are formed as the plurality of radiation outlets 32. When the radiation outlets 32 are formed as holes in this manner, the radiation outlets 32 do not protrude from the tip surface of the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30, which reduces the possibility of the radiation outlets 32 hitting a wall, floor, etc. and being damaged. Each hole 32 is a spherical crown-shaped recess (depression) with a diameter larger than that of the individual flow passage 33. This makes it easier to give the fluid emitted from the hole 32 a predetermined spread.

[0032] The cross section of the individual flow passage 33 provided inside the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 is circular. The area from the rear end of the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 to the inlet of the individual flow passage 33 is hollow. The outlets 32 and the individual flow paths 33 correspond one to one, and one outlet 32 ​​is connected to one individual flow path 33 . As described above, the individual flow paths 33 are provided obliquely with respect to the central axis 30A so that the ray 33A is obliquely directed with respect to the central axis 30A. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1(f), the inlets of the eight individual flow paths 33 are arranged in an elliptical shape at uneven intervals inside the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30, and are located closer to the central axis 30A than the outlets. This allows the fluid to be emitted obliquely straight from each emission port 32 connected to the outlet of each individual flow path 33. In this case, if the individual flow paths 33 are arranged obliquely with respect to the central axis 30A, if the depth of the holes serving as the outlets 32 were uniform, the length L would differ between the portions closer to and further from the central axis 30A, potentially causing the fluid emitted from the outlets 32 to deviate from the ray 33A. Therefore, it is preferable that the length L of each individual flow path 33 be the same at any position in the circumferential direction. This prevents the fluid emitted from the outlets 32 from deviating from the ray 33A. In this embodiment, the depth of each hole 32 is increased toward the portion of the individual flow path 33 connected to the portion farther from the central axis 30A, i.e., the depth of the hole 32 is varied depending on the circumferential position, thereby making the length L the same at any position in the circumferential direction. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , this can be achieved by providing spherical crown-shaped recesses at both ends of the individual flow path 33, formed by spheres passing through the central axis of the individual flow path 33, or by forming surfaces perpendicular to the central axis of the individual flow path 33 at both ends of the individual flow path 33.

[0033] Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a fluid flow that does not follow the axis (ray 33A) of the individual flow path 33, with Fig. 5(a) showing the case where the length L of the individual flow path 33 is 0.5 times the diameter D of the individual flow path 33, Fig. 5(b) showing the case where the length L of the individual flow path 33 is equal to the diameter D of the individual flow path 33, Fig. 5(c) showing the case where the length L of the individual flow path 33 is twice the diameter D of the individual flow path 33, and Fig. 5(d) showing the case where the length L of the individual flow path 33 is three times the diameter D of the individual flow path 33. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the length L of the individual flow path 33 and the proportion of the flow that does not follow the axis (ray 33A) of the individual flow path 33. When the length L of the individual flow path 33 is 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 times the diameter D of the individual flow path 33, the proportion of flow not aligned with the axis of the individual flow path 33 is 70%, 50%, 30%, or 20%, respectively. In this way, the length L (depth) of the individual flow path 33 relative to the diameter D of the individual flow path 33 affects whether or not the emitted liquid can be made directional; if the length L of the individual flow path 33 is too short, the effect of making the flow directional is reduced, whereas if the length L of the individual flow path 33 is equal to or longer than the diameter D of the individual flow path 33, the majority of the emitted fluid can be made to flow with high directionality along the axis of the individual flow path 33. Therefore, the length L of the individual flow path 33 is preferably at least one time the diameter D of the individual flow path 33, and more preferably three times or more. In this embodiment, the length L from the inlet to the outlet of each individual flow path 33 is set to about 20 to 30% of the length from the front end to the rear end of the smoke and heat exhaust nozzle 30.

[0034] Figure 7 shows the ray 33A of the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30, where Figure 7(a) shows the intersection β between the ray 33A of each individual flow path 33 and a vertical plane γ, and Figure 7(b) shows the imaginary line α connecting the intersection β. The direction of each individual flow path 33 is set taking into consideration the distance from the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 to the air intake port 2 and the shape and dimensions of the air intake port 2. For example, the shape and dimensions of the air intake port 2 are assumed to be a vertically elongated rectangle of 700 mm x 1900 mm, which is common in apartment building entrances, and the distance from the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 to the air intake port 2 is assumed to be 1.5 m directly in front. Then, using as a reference the position where the height of the horizontal central axis 30A of the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 at that directly in front distance is the same as the height of the center of the air intake port 2 (the intersection of the diagonals), the direction of each individual flow path 33 is allocated and set so that the rays 33A are oriented in a balanced manner to the top, bottom, left, and right of the air intake port 2. Here, the air flow rate sent from air intake 2 into fire compartment 1 is related to the total flow rate of the fluid emitted from smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30, the surrounding air flow drawn in by the fluid flow emitted from smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30, and how efficiently that total flow rate can be sent into fire compartment 1. As mentioned above, the air flow generated by a fan-type smoke exhaust device or the like is circular, which does not match the shape of air intake 2, which is often a vertically elongated rectangle, resulting in a lot of waste, and also uneven wind pressure causing backflow and reducing the air flow rate. 7, the direction of each individual flow path 33 is set so that a line α, which is a straight line connecting each intersection β, where each ray 33A of each of the eight outlets 32 intersects with a plane γ perpendicular to the central axis 30A, in a circle in order, forms a vertically elongated rectangle that is the same as or similar to the air intake 2. This makes it possible to more effectively prevent the radial flow from partially straying from the air intake 2, and directs the air flow generated by the radial flow toward the fire compartment 1, covering the entire surface of the air intake 2 and forcing the air into the fire compartment 1. For example, when the number of rays is eight, each ray 33A is directed to the upper left, upper right, upper left, upper right, lower left, lower right, lower left, and lower right, respectively, so that the line α connecting the intersection points β forms an approximately vertically elongated rectangle. Furthermore, by emitting a fluid obliquely from each emission port 32 at a predetermined pressure, a radial flow spreading out in a cone shape is formed, but as time passes, the pressure inside this cone-shaped radial flow, including the central axis 30A, drops below atmospheric pressure, causing the radial flow to be drawn inward and the degree of spreading to become narrower than immediately after emission began. Therefore, taking this into consideration, each ray 33A of the individual flow paths 33 is preferably set toward the periphery of the air inlet 2, but it is not necessarily required to set it so that it fits within the frame of the air inlet 2, and each ray 33A may be directed toward the outer edge outside the frame of the air inlet. Furthermore, whether ray 33A is directed inward from the edge of air intake 2, i.e., inside the frame, or whether ray 33A is directed outward from the edge of air intake 2, i.e., toward the outer edge outside the frame, it is more preferable that intersection point β, which is the point where ray 33A intersects with plane γ at the position of air intake 2 (eight points that appear when each ray 33A is virtually projected onto air intake 2 from a predetermined distance), be within 200 mm from the edge. This allows the surrounding air flow drawn in by the radial flow to be aligned with the periphery of air intake 2, thereby more strongly pushing air into fire compartment 1. Note that when ray 33A is set toward the outer edge of air intake 2, line α connecting intersection point β of each ray 33A with plane γ at the position of air intake 2 forms a similar vertically elongated rectangle whose dimensions are larger than those of air intake 2.

[0035] Also, although Figure 7 shows a case where there are eight outlets 32, even if there are two or more but less than eight outlets 32, or even if there are nine or more outlets 32, by appropriately setting the ray 33A, it is possible to prevent the outlet flow and part of the accompanying air flow from escaping from the air intake 2, and to forcefully push the air into the fire compartment 1. When there are two or three outlets 32, the direction of each ray 33A is set so that the line α connecting each intersection β in a straight line in order forms an approximately straight line. When there are six outlets 32, the direction of each ray 33A is set so that the line α connecting each intersection β in a straight line in order to go all the way around forms a polygon such as an approximately square or an approximately hexagon. The polygon represented by the line α is preferably a square, pentagon, or hexagon, and most preferably a square. This prevents the radiant flow from partially straying from the air inlet 2, and the air flow generated by the radiant flow flows toward the fire compartment 1, forcing the air into the fire compartment 1. For example, when the number of rays is two, one of the two rays 33A is directed upward and the other downward so that the line α connecting the intersection points β forms a substantially vertical line. When the number of rays is three, the three rays 33A are directed upward, toward the center, and downward, respectively, so that the line α connecting the intersection points β forms a substantially vertical line. When the number of rays is six, the six rays 33A are directed toward the uppermost center, upper left, upper right, lower left, lower right, and lowermost center, respectively, so that the line α connecting the intersection points β forms an approximately hexagon. Furthermore, when the number of rays is 12, the 12 rays 33A are directed to the upper left, upper center, upper right, upper left, upper center, upper right, lower left, lower center, lower right, lower left, lower center, and lower right, respectively, so that the line α connecting the intersection points β forms an approximately quadrangle.

[0036] Figure 8 is an illustration showing how the radial flow and the accompanying air flow cover the rectangular air inlet 2. Figure 8(a) shows the case where there are eight nozzles, Figure 8(b) shows the case where there are two nozzles, Figure 8(c) shows the case where there are three nozzles, Figure 8(d) shows the case where there are six nozzles, and Figure 8(e) shows the case where there are twelve nozzles. Figure 8(f) also shows the case where a conventional gun-type nozzle is used as a comparative example. In Figure 8, the positions of the fluid emitted from each nozzle 32 and the accompanying air flow at the air inlet 2 are represented by circles. Conventional gun-type nozzles have only one nozzle and spray the liquid in a diffused manner rather than in a straight line, so as shown in Figure 8(f), the spray and part of the air flow that accompanies it hits areas that are not in contact with the air inlet 2. This results in a lot of wasted air and an uneven air flow. Furthermore, conventional gun-type nozzles diffusely spray water or other fire extinguishing agents from a conical nozzle (nozzle 100) at the tip, dispersing the water particles widely, which then draw in the surrounding air and create an air current. The dispersed water has a large surface area and can draw in a large amount of air, but on the other hand, its mass is small and it is easily slowed down by air resistance, so it has no penetrating power.

[0037] In contrast, in the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30, the direction of each individual flow path 33 is set so that the line α connecting the intersection points β forms a polygon such as a square or hexagon, or a substantially straight line, as described above. As a result, the radial flow and the accompanying air flow are positioned relative to the air inlet 2 as shown in Figures 8(a) to 8(e), making it difficult for the radial flow and the accompanying air flow as a whole to deviate from the air inlet 2, and since the air flow covers the entire surface of the air inlet 2 to prevent leakage from the air inlet 2, waste can be reduced, and the wind pressure at the air inlet 2 becomes substantially uniform, preventing a decrease in the air flow rate due to backflow. Furthermore, because the fluid is emitted from each outlet 32 ​​along the ray 33A, the water particles do not disperse as much as with conventional gun-type nozzles, and multiple straight radial streams head toward the air inlet 2. Because the straight radial streams have relatively little air resistance and are difficult to decelerate, they maintain a sufficient flow velocity and have high penetration power even when they reach the air inlet 2. As a result, the flow generated by the radial streams can be used to forcefully push air into the fire compartment 1.

[0038] Figure 9 shows the evaluation of positive pressure (internal pressure) in tests for the examples and comparative examples, and Figure 10 shows photographs taken during the radiation test. Figure 10(a) is for Comparative Example 2, Figure 10(b) is for Example 1, and Figure 10(c) is for Example 2. In the test, a closed space with only an air inlet 2 and no exhaust outlet 3 was placed directly in front of the air inlet 2, 1.5 m away, with the central axis 30A of the nozzle or smoke exhaust device aligned with the center (intersection of the diagonals) of the vertically elongated rectangular air inlet 2, and air was blown or fluid was radiated. The pressure value when the pressure in the closed space stabilized was measured. The size of the air inlet 2 was 700 mm wide x 1900 mm long. Example 1 is a radiation test using a smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 having six radiation ports 32. Each radiation ray 33A was set to achieve the radiation state shown in Figure 8(d). The fluid to be emitted was a gas-liquid multiphase flow obtained by mixing water at a flow rate of 150 L / min and compressed air at a flow rate of 3000 L / min, which were sent separately via hoses 21, inside the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30. Example 2 is a radiation test using a smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 having eight radiation ports 32. Each radiation ray 33A was set to be the radiation position shown in Figure 8(a). The fluid to be emitted was a gas-liquid multiphase flow obtained by mixing water at a flow rate of 150 L / min and compressed air at a flow rate of 3000 L / min, which were sent separately via hoses 21, inside the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30. Example 3 is a radiation test using a smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 having 12 radiation ports 32. Each radiation ray 33A was set to be the radiation position shown in Figure 8(e). The fluid to be emitted was a gas-liquid multiphase flow obtained by mixing water at a flow rate of 150 L / min and compressed air at a flow rate of 3000 L / min, which were sent separately via hoses 21, inside the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30. Comparative Example 1 is a ventilation test using a general fan-type smoke exhaust device. Comparative Example 2 is a spraying test using a conventional gun-type nozzle. The number of sprayed nozzles was one, and the spraying position was as shown in Figure 8(f). The sprayed fluid was water at a flow rate of 230 L / min.

[0039] As a result of the tests, the internal pressure in the closed space was 16 Pa in Comparative Example 1, which used a fan-type smoke exhaust device, 75 Pa in Comparative Example 2, which used a conventional gun-type nozzle, 55 Pa in Example 1, which used a smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 with six radiation outlets 32, 92 Pa in Example 2, which used a smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 with eight radiation outlets 32, and 85 Pa in Example 1, which used a smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle 30 with 12 radiation outlets 32. These results show that the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzles 30 of Examples 1 to 3 can increase the pressure inside the fire compartment 1 more significantly than the fan-type smoke exhaust system of Comparative Example 1. This is because the fan-type smoke exhaust system of Comparative Example 1 blows air in a circular manner, which weakens the flow at the top and bottom ends of the air intake 2 of a vertically elongated rectangular entrance or the like, making it easy for backflow to occur, and the left and right ends of the radiating flow miss the air intake 2, resulting in waste. However, the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzles 30 of Examples 1 to 3 spray liquid such as water, and the ray of radiation is set so that the cross section of the radiating flow is rectangular, making it difficult for backflow to occur at the top and bottom ends of the air intake 2, and there is little chance that part of the radiating flow will miss the air intake.

[0040] Furthermore, the test results show that even when a conventional gun-type nozzle is used as in Comparative Example 2, the pressure inside the fire compartment 1 can be increased more than in Comparative Example 1. However, because the conventional gun-type nozzle emits air in a circular manner, the flow is weak at the top and bottom ends of the air intake 2 of a vertically elongated rectangular entrance or the like, making it prone to backflow, and the left and right ends of the emitted flow miss the air intake 2, resulting in waste. As a result, the flow rate of water used in Comparative Example 2 was 230 L / min, more than 1.5 times the flow rate of water used in Examples 1 to 3. Furthermore, while Examples 1 to 3 use a gas-liquid multiphase flow as the sprayed fluid, water consumption is reduced, while Comparative Example 2 sprays only water, which also contributes to the difference in water consumption. In Examples 1 to 3 (gas-liquid multiphase flow), compressed air is sprayed simultaneously with water, causing the compressed air to expand and accelerate the water as it is sprayed from the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30. Furthermore, the fluid sprayed straight from each outlet 32 ​​expands appropriately as the air expands, filling gaps with the fluid sprayed from adjacent outlets 32, allowing the sprayed flow to cover the entire surface of the air intake vent 2. As a result, the fire compartment 1 can be efficiently pressurized and positive pressure smoke exhaust can be completed in a short time, resulting in less water consumption in Examples 1 to 3 than in Comparative Example 2. When the fire compartment 1 is on the second floor or higher, sprayed water may fall on floors below and cause water damage, so it is preferable to use less water in the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust operation. Furthermore, in locations where it is difficult to secure a water source, a smaller amount of water is preferable. Therefore, the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzles 30 of Examples 1 to 3 are superior to the conventional gun-type nozzle of Comparative Example 2 in that they require a relatively small amount of water. Therefore, although the fluid emitted from the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 can be only a liquid such as water, it is preferable to emit a gas-liquid multiphase flow mixed with a gas such as compressed air. Furthermore, in buildings such as buildings and apartment buildings, the width of the corridors is often 1.5 m or less. It is difficult to spray directly onto an air inlet 2 in a corridor that is 1.5 m or less wide, and from the perspective of safety, taking into account the risk of backflow, firefighters often spray from an oblique angle toward the air inlet 2. The smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzles 30 of Examples 1 to 3 have multiple nozzles, so even when the angle of incidence with respect to the air inlet 2 is changed, i.e., when spraying from an oblique angle toward the air inlet 2, the portion of the radiated flow that misses the air inlet 2 can be reduced compared to the conventional nozzle gun of Comparative Example 2, which has a single nozzle, thereby suppressing a decrease in the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust effect.

[0041] Furthermore, as mentioned above, in order to efficiently pressurize the inside of the fire compartment 1 from the air intake 2, it is necessary to cover and push the entire surface of the air intake 2 with air flow so as to prevent leakage from the air intake 2. However, if the number of straight spray nozzles is relatively small, the force pushing the air per nozzle is strong, but it is localized, and it may be difficult to cover the entire surface of the air intake 2. On the other hand, if the number of spray nozzles is relatively large, it becomes easier to cover the entire surface of the air intake 2, but the force pushing the air per nozzle becomes weaker. Here, as shown in Fig. 8, if there are two or more outlets 32, it becomes easier to cover the entire surface of the air intake port 2, and the effect of strongly pushing in the air can be obtained. In addition, as shown in Fig. 9, in particular, by having six to twelve outlets 32, the effect can be further enhanced. Therefore, the number of outlets 32 provided in the air inlet 2 is preferably 2 or more and 12 or less, more preferably 6 or more and 12 or less, and most preferably 8.

[0042] Furthermore, when a gas-liquid multiphase flow is used as the fluid emitted by the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30, it is preferable to use a gas-liquid multiphase flow in which a liquid such as water is mixed with a gas such as compressed air without using any chemicals, or a gas-liquid multiphase flow in which a chemical is mixed with a liquid such as water and a gas such as compressed air to create bubbles. The former gas-liquid multiphase flow is generated, for example, by supplying water and compressed air from the fire engine 10 to the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 through separate flow paths, and mixing the gas and liquid in the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30. These separate flow paths may be realized by using two hoses 21, or by providing two flow paths in one hose 21. The latter gas-liquid multiphase flow is produced, for example, by mixing gas, liquid, and chemicals in a CAFS device 23 provided on the fire engine 10, and then supplying the foam generated through one flow path, i.e., one hose 21, to the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30. Note that, unlike fire extinguishing operations, in smoke exhaust and heat exhaust operations, there is no need to leave foam in the fire extinguishing compartment, and therefore the chemical concentration may be reduced to a level that does not cause the phenomenon of water and air being alternately ejected (slug flow).

[0043] As described above, the smoke exhaust and heat exhaust nozzle 30 of the present invention has a plurality of outlets 32 for emitting a liquid or gas-liquid multiphase fluid toward the air intake port 2, and the rays 33A of all or at least some of the individual flow paths 33 are directed obliquely away from the central axis 30A, and the fluid is emitted from the outlets 32 along the rays 33A.Therefore, the radiating flow of the liquid or gas-liquid multiphase flow and the accompanying air flow can efficiently pressurize the fire compartment 1 and promote smoke exhaust and heat exhaust. In addition, the flow rate of air sent into the fire compartment 1 increases, improving the efficiency of smoke and heat exhaust, so the smoke, gas, and heat that fills the fire compartment 1 can be exhausted in a shorter time than when a fan-type smoke exhaust device is used. Also, since the fan-type smoke exhaust device does not need to be loaded onto the fire engine 10, the freed up space can be used to load other equipment and materials. [Explanation of symbols]

[0044] 1 Fire Compartment 10 Fire engine 20 Feeding device 30 Smoke and heat exhaust nozzle 30A center axis 32 Radiation port (hole) 33 Individual flow path 33A line of fire 40 Nozzle body 44 Nozzle connection D diameter L length α Line connecting the intersection points β intersection γ vertical plane

Claims

1. A nozzle used to exhaust smoke and hot air from a fire compartment by radiation, A plurality of emission ports for emitting a liquid or a gas-liquid multiphase flow of a mixture of liquid and gas as a fluid; and an individual flow path communicating with each of the radiation ports; The rays of all or at least some of the individual flow paths are directed obliquely with respect to the central axis of the nozzle in a direction away from the central axis, A smoke and heat exhaust nozzle, characterized in that the fluid is emitted from the emission port along the ray.

2. 2. The smoke and heat exhaust nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a line connecting an intersection point between the ray of each individual flow path and a plane perpendicular to the central axis forms a straight line or a polygon.

3. The smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the radiation ports is 6 to 12, and a line connecting the intersection point of the ray of the individual flow path and a plane perpendicular to the central axis forms a polygon.

4. 4. The smoke and heat exhaust nozzle according to claim 2, wherein a line connecting an intersection point between the ray of each of the individual flow paths and a plane perpendicular to the central axis forms a quadrangle.

5. 5. The smoke and heat exhaust nozzle according to claim 3, wherein the number of said radiation ports is eight.

6. 6. The smoke and heat exhaust nozzle according to claim 1, which is attachable to a nozzle connection part of a nozzle body of a gun-type nozzle.

7. 7. The smoke and heat exhaust nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation ports are a plurality of holes.

8. The smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, a supply device for supplying the fluid to the gas exhaust heat exhaust nozzle.

9. 9. The smoke exhaust heat exhaust system according to claim 8, wherein the fluid emitted from the emission port of the smoke exhaust heat exhaust nozzle is a mixture of compressed gas.

10. A fire truck characterized by being equipped with a smoke exhaust heat exhaust system described in claim 8 or claim 9.

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