Stabilized Heat Transfer Compositions, Methods, and Systems

Abstract

To provide refrigerant compositions which can be used as a replacement for R-410A and which exhibit, in preferred embodiments, a desired mosaic of properties of excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility and lubricant compatibility in combination with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and near-zero ODP.SOLUTION: A heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer. The refrigerant comprises 39-45 wt.% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1-4 wt.% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57 wt.% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and optionally but preferably an acid depleting moiety.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to compositions, methods, and systems useful in heat exchange applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration applications. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions useful in heat transfer systems of the type in which refrigerant R-410A would be used. The compositions of the present invention are useful, in particular, as alternatives to refrigerant R-410A for heating and cooling applications and for retrofitting heat exchange systems, including systems designed to be used with R-410A.

Background Art

[0002] Mechanical refrigeration systems, as well as related heat transfer devices such as heat pumps and air conditioners, are well known in the art for industrial, commercial, and residential use. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were developed in the 1930s as refrigerants for such systems. However, since the 1980s, the effects of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone layer have received much attention. In 1987, many governments signed the Montreal Protocol for the protection of the global environment, which established a timetable for the phased reduction of CFC products. More environmentally acceptable materials containing hydrogen, namely hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), replaced CFCs.

[0003] One of the most commonly used hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerants was chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). However, subsequent amendments to the Montreal Protocol accelerated the phased reduction of CFCs and scheduled the phased reduction of HCFCs, including HCFC-22. ​

[0004] In response to the need for non-flammable, non-toxic alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs, the industry: Several hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been developed that have zero ozone depletion potential. It is an industrial substitute for HCFC-22 in air conditioning and cooling applications because it does not contribute to ozone depletion. As an alternative, R-410A (difluoromethane (HFC-32) and pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) (50:50 w / w blend) was adopted. R-10A is not a drop-in replacement for R-22. Therefore, R-10A with R-410A is not a drop-in replacement for R-22. The replacement of R-22 with R-410A is attributable to the substantially higher operating pressures and Major changes in the heat exchange system, including replacement and redesign of compressors to accommodate the volume This required a redesign of the components.

[0005] While R-410A has a more acceptable ozone depletion potential (ODP) than R-22, However, continued use of R-410A is problematic due to its high global warming potential of 2088. Therefore, there is a need in the art for replacement of R-410A with more environmentally acceptable alternatives. It is considered essential.

[0006] As shown in Table 1, the EU has set the following HF drugs that can be sold in the EU from 2015 onwards. The government implemented the F-gas rule to limit C. Only 21% of the HFC volume will be available. Therefore, as a long-term solution, the GWP It is desirable to limit the

[0007] [Table 1] *The GWP levels in 2015 are based on the 2012 usage of UNEP where the growth rate has not increased. Based on the survey.

[0008] Alternative heat transfer fluids are particularly desirable in the art to possess a mosaic of properties that are difficult to achieve, including excellent heat transfer properties (especially those that are well-suited to the needs of specific applications), chemical stability, low or non-toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility, and / or lubricant compatibility. Furthermore, any substitute for R-410A ideally should match well with the operating conditions of R-410A to avoid system modification or redesign. Developing a heat transfer fluid that meets all of these often unpredictable requirements is a major challenge. / or lubricant compatibility, is well understood in the art. Regarding usage efficiency, it is important to note that the loss of the refrigerant's thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency can lead to an increase in the use of fossil fuels as a result of the increased demand for electrical energy. Therefore, the use of such refrigerants will have secondary adverse effects on the environment. Combustibility is considered an important property for many heat transfer applications. As used herein, the term "non-flammable" shall comply with ASTM Standard E-681-2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) and ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants.

[0009] When used in this specification, the term "non-flammable" shall comply with ASTM Standard E-681-2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) and ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. It will thus have secondary adverse effects on the environment.

[0010] Combustibility is considered an important property for many heat transfer applications. As used in this specification, the term "non-flammable" shall comply with ASTM Standard E-681-2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) and ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. shall comply with ASTM Standard E-681-2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) Refrigerants and compounds or compositions that are determined to be non-flammable under the conditions described in Appendix B1 of ASHRAE Standard 34-2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference and is hereinafter referred to as the "non-flammability test" for convenience. refers to compounds or compositions that are determined to be non-flammable under the conditions described in Appendix B1 of ASHRAE Standard 34-2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference and is hereinafter referred to as the "non-flammability test" for convenience. refers to compounds or compositions that are determined to be non-flammable under the conditions described in Appendix B1 of ASHRAE Standard 34-2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference and is hereinafter referred to as the "non-flammability test" for convenience. refers to compounds or compositions that are determined to be non-flammable under the conditions described in Appendix B1 of ASHRAE Standard 34-2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference and is hereinafter referred to as the "non-flammability test" for convenience.

[0011] Returning the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function is very important for maintaining system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor. Otherwise, the lubricant may accumulate and remain in the coils and pipes of the system, including in the heat transfer components. Further, if the lubricant deposits on the inner surface of the evaporator, the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator decreases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system. Returning the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function is very important for maintaining system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor. Otherwise, the lubricant may accumulate and remain in the coils and pipes of the system, including in the heat transfer components. Further, if the lubricant deposits on the inner surface of the evaporator, the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator decreases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system. Returning the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function is very important for maintaining system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor. Otherwise, the lubricant may accumulate and remain in the coils and pipes of the system, including in the heat transfer components. Further, if the lubricant deposits on the inner surface of the evaporator, the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator decreases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system. Returning the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function is very important for maintaining system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor. Otherwise, the lubricant may accumulate and remain in the coils and pipes of the system, including in the heat transfer components. Further, if the lubricant deposits on the inner surface of the evaporator, the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator decreases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system. Returning the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function is very important for maintaining system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor. Otherwise, the lubricant may accumulate and remain in the coils and pipes of the system, including in the heat transfer components. Further, if the lubricant deposits on the inner surface of the evaporator, the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator decreases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system.

[0012] Since R-410A is miscible with polyol ester (POE) at the temperatures that occur during the use of such systems, R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricating oil in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at the temperatures that typically occur during the operation of low-temperature refrigeration systems and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in low-temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this immiscibility. Since R-410A is miscible with polyol ester (POE) at the temperatures that occur during the use of such systems, R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricating oil in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at the temperatures that typically occur during the operation of low-temperature refrigeration systems and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in low-temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this immiscibility. Since R-410A is miscible with polyol ester (POE) at the temperatures that occur during the use of such systems, R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricating oil in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at the temperatures that typically occur during the operation of low-temperature refrigeration systems and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in low-temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this immiscibility. Since R-410A is miscible with polyol ester (POE) at the temperatures that occur during the use of such systems, R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricating oil in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at the temperatures that typically occur during the operation of low-temperature refrigeration systems and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in low-temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this immiscibility. Since R-410A is miscible with polyol ester (POE) at the temperatures that occur during the use of such systems, R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricating oil in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at the temperatures that typically occur during the operation of low-temperature refrigeration systems and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in low-temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this immiscibility. Since R-410A is miscible with polyol ester (POE) at the temperatures that occur during the use of such systems, R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricating oil in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at the temperatures that typically occur during the operation of low-temperature refrigeration systems and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in low-temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this immiscibility.

[0013] The present applicants have come to understand that it is desirable to provide a composition that can be used as an alternative to R-410A in air conditioning applications, particularly in residential and commercial air conditioning applications including rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning, and chiller air conditioning applications. The present applicants have also The present applicants have come to understand that it is desirable to provide a composition that can be used as an alternative to R-410A in air conditioning applications, particularly in residential and commercial air conditioning applications including rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning, and chiller air conditioning applications. The present applicants have also The present applicants have come to understand that it is desirable to provide a composition that can be used as an alternative to R-410A in air conditioning applications, particularly in residential and commercial air conditioning applications including rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning, and chiller air conditioning applications. The present applicants have also Moreover, the compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention have the advantage of eliminating the drawback of becoming immiscible with POE at the temperatures that occur during the operation of these systems, for example, in heat pumps and low-temperature refrigeration systems. It has been understood that. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention provides a refrigerant composition that can be used as a substitute for R-410A and, in a preferred embodiment, exhibits a desired mosaic of excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility, and lubricant compatibility, in combination with a low global warming potential (GWP) and a substantially zero ozone depletion potential (ODP).

[0015] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 39 - 45 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 - 4 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 - 57 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1 wt% to less than 10 wt% based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 1 for convenience.

[0016] As used herein with respect to percentages based on a list of specific compounds, "relative percentage" ​The term "」" means the percentage of a particular compound based on the total weight of the listed compounds.

[0017] As used herein with respect to weight percent, the term "about" with respect to the amount of a particular component means that the amount of the particular component can vary by an amount of + / - 1 weight %.

[0018] In a heat transfer composition comprising a CF3I refrigerant and a lubricant comprising POE and / or PVE Regarding the use of a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalene, the applicants have found that the stabilizing effect of alkylated naphthalene is 1 wt% to 10 wt% based on alkylated naphthalene and lubricant less than, or preferably less than 1.5 wt% to 8 wt%, or preferably 1.5 wt% to about 6 wt%, or preferably 1.5 to 5 wt%, there is a critical range that is beneficial and unexpected compared to the stabilizing effect outside this range. The reason for the enhanced performance within this critical range is that when used in an amount exceeding about 10%, the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalene in the absence of other solutions described below, may deteriorate to an undesirable extent for some applications. This discovery is derived from the fact that when used in an amount less than 1%, the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalene is considered not to meet the desirable performance for some applications. The existence of this critical range is unexpected. Therefore, the present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages:

[0019] 39 to 45 weight % of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4 weight % of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and present in: 39 - 45 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 - 4 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), wherein the lubricant includes a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant, including a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 2 for convenience.

[0020] The present invention is a heat transfer composition including a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), wherein the lubricant includes a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant, including a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 3 for convenience.

[0021] The present invention is a heat transfer composition including a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), ​ wherein the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant to form a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 4 for convenience The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 41% by weight ± 1% of difluoromethane (HFC-32),

[0022] 3.5% by weight ± 0.5% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% by weight ± 0.5% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant to form a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 5 for convenience The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 41% by weight ± 1% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5% by weight ± 0.5% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% by weight ± 0.5% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant

[0023] to form a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 5 for convenience The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 41% by weight ± 1% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5% by weight ± 0.5% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% by weight ± 0.5% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the lubricant The agent contains a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer contains an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1 wt% to 8 wt% based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant, a heat transfer composition containing the same. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is referred to herein as heat transfer composition 6 for convenience in some cases.

[0024] The present invention is a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: 41 wt% ± 1 wt% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), the lubricant contains a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer contains an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5 wt% to 8 wt% based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant, a heat transfer composition containing the same. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is referred to herein as heat transfer composition 7 for convenience in some cases.

[0025] The present invention is a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: 41 wt% ± 1 wt% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), the lubricant contains a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, The agent contains a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer contains alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5 wt% to 6 wt% based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene lene and the lubricant, and includes a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8 for convenience.

[0026] The present invention also includes any one of heat transfer compositions 1 to 8 in which the stabilizer essentially does not contain ADM. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8A for convenience.

[0027] The present invention also includes any one of heat transfer compositions 1 to 8 in which the stabilizer essentially does not contain ADM as defined below and the stabilizer further contains BHT. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8B for convenience.

[0028] The present invention also relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: 39 - 45 wt% of difluoromethane (HFC - 32), 1 - 4 wt% of pentafluoroethane (HFC - 125), and 51 - 57 wt% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), the lubricant contains a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and the stabilizer contains alkylated naphthalene and an acid removal moiety, and includes a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 9 for convenience.

[0029] ​​​​​​​As used herein, the term "acid depleting moiety" (which may also be referred to herein for convenience as "ADM") means a compound or radical that, when present in a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant that contains about 10 weight percent or more of CF3I (the above percentages are based on the weight of all refrigerants in the heat transfer composition), has the effect of substantially reducing the acid moiety that would otherwise be present in the heat transfer composition. As used herein, the term "substantially reduce" means, when used with respect to the acid moiety in a heat transfer composition, reducing the acid moiety to an extent sufficient to reduce the TAN value (defined below) by at least about 10 relative percent. In connection with the use of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalene and ADM, the applicants have found that certain materials can substantially and unexpectedly enhance the performance of stabilizers that contain or consist essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. In particular, the applicants have found that certain materials can assist in the removal of acidic moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any heat transfer composition of the present invention. The applicants have found that formulating the heat transfer composition to have ADM unexpectedly and synergistically enhances the stability function of at least the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty and is not bound by any theory of operation, but rather, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention functions primarily by stabilizing the free radicals formed from the CF3I of this refrigerant, and this stabilizing effect is thought to be at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention results in an alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention that is substantially more stable than it would be in the absence of the ADM. As used herein, the term "acid depleting moiety" (which may also be referred to herein for convenience as "ADM") means a compound or radical that, when present in a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant that contains about 10 weight percent or more of CF3I (the above percentages are based on the weight of all refrigerants in the heat transfer composition), has the effect of substantially reducing the acid moiety that would otherwise be present in the heat transfer composition. As used herein, the term "substantially reduce" means, when used with respect to the acid moiety in a heat transfer composition, reducing the acid moiety to an extent sufficient to reduce the TAN value (defined below) by at least about 10 relative percent. In connection with the use of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalene and ADM, the applicants have found that certain materials can substantially and unexpectedly enhance the performance of stabilizers that contain or consist essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. In particular, the applicants have found that certain materials can assist in the removal of acidic moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any heat transfer composition of the present invention. The applicants have found that formulating the heat transfer composition to have ADM unexpectedly and synergistically enhances the stability function of at least the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty and is not bound by any theory of operation, but rather, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention functions primarily by stabilizing the free radicals formed from the CF3I of this refrigerant, and this stabilizing effect is thought to be at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention results in an alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention that is substantially more stable than it would be in the absence of the ADM.

[0030] In connection with the use of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalene and ADM, the applicants have found that certain materials can substantially and unexpectedly enhance the performance of stabilizers that contain or consist essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. In particular, the applicants have found that certain materials can assist in the removal of acidic moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any heat transfer composition of the present invention. The applicants have found that formulating the heat transfer composition to have ADM unexpectedly and synergistically enhances the stability function of at least the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty and is not bound by any theory of operation, but rather, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention functions primarily by stabilizing the free radicals formed from the CF3I of this refrigerant, and this stabilizing effect is thought to be at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention results in an alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention that is substantially more stable than it would be in the absence of the ADM. In connection with the use of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalene and ADM, the applicants have found that certain materials can substantially and unexpectedly enhance the performance of stabilizers that contain or consist essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. In particular, the applicants have found that certain materials can assist in the removal of acidic moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any heat transfer composition of the present invention. The applicants have found that formulating the heat transfer composition to have ADM unexpectedly and synergistically enhances the stability function of at least the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty and is not bound by any theory of operation, but rather, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention functions primarily by stabilizing the free radicals formed from the CF3I of this refrigerant, and this stabilizing effect is thought to be at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention results in an alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention that is substantially more stable than it would be in the absence of the ADM. In connection with the use of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalene and ADM, the applicants have found that certain materials can substantially and unexpectedly enhance the performance of stabilizers that contain or consist essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. In particular, the applicants have found that certain materials can assist in the removal of acidic moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any heat transfer composition of the present invention. The applicants have found that formulating the heat transfer composition to have ADM unexpectedly and synergistically enhances the stability function of at least the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty and is not bound by any theory of operation, but rather, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention functions primarily by stabilizing the free radicals formed from the CF3I of this refrigerant, and this stabilizing effect is thought to be at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention results in an alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention that is substantially more stable than it would be in the absence of the ADM. In connection with the use of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalene and ADM, the applicants have found that certain materials can substantially and unexpectedly enhance the performance of stabilizers that contain or consist essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. In particular, the applicants have found that certain materials can assist in the removal of acidic moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any heat transfer composition of the present invention. The applicants have found that formulating the heat transfer composition to have ADM unexpectedly and synergistically enhances the stability function of at least the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty and is not bound by any theory of operation, but rather, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention functions primarily by stabilizing the free radicals formed from the CF3I of this refrigerant, and this stabilizing effect is thought to be at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention results in an alkylated naphthalene stabilizer of the present invention that is The killing naphthalene stabilizer can exhibit unexpectedly and synergistically enhanced effects. Furthermore, the applicants have found that the performance degradation they observed at relatively high concentrations of alkylated naphthalene (i.e., about about 10%) can be offset by incorporating ADM into the heat transfer composition (or stabilized lubricant).

[0031] Accordingly, the present invention includes a stabilizer containing alkylated naphthalene and ADM. The stabilizer in this paragraph may be referred to as Stabilizer 1 for convenience herein.

[0032] The present invention also includes a stabilizer containing about 40 wt% to about 99.9 wt% alkylated naphthalene and 0.05 wt% to about 50 wt% ADM based on the weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer in this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilizer 2 for convenience in this specification.

[0033] The present invention also includes a stabilizer containing about 50 wt% to about 99.9 wt% alkylated naphthalene and 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt% ADM based on the weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer in this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilizer 3 for convenience in this specification.

[0034] The present invention also includes a stabilizer containing about 40 wt% to about 95 wt% alkylated naphthalene and 5 wt% to about 30 wt% ADM based on the weight of alkylated naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizer. The stabilizer in this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilizer 4 for convenience in this specification.

[0035] The present invention also includes a stabilizer containing about 40 wt% to about 95 wt% alkylated naphthalene and 5 wt% to about 20 wt% ADM based on the weight of alkylated naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizer. ​ It also contains a stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is referred to as stabilizer 5 for convenience in this specification. There is also.

[0036] The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: comprising a heat transfer composition: as follows: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to as heat transfer composition 10 for convenience in this specification.

[0037] The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: comprising a heat transfer composition: as follows: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to as heat transfer composition 11 for convenience in this specification.

[0038] The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and stabilizer 5, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: comprising a heat transfer composition: Mu: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 12 for convenience.

[0039] The present invention also relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: Mu: Mu: 41% by weight ± 1% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5% by weight ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% by weight ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 13 for convenience.

[0040] The present invention also relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: Mu: Mu: 41% by weight ± 1% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5% by weight ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% by weight ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 14 for convenience.

[0041] The present invention also relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant containing a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 3, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: comprising: 41 wt% ± 1 wt% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 15 for convenience.

[0042] The present invention also relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant containing a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: comprising: 41 wt% ± 1 wt% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 16 for convenience.

[0043] The present invention also relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant containing a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 5, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: comprising: 41 wt% ± 1 wt% of difluoromethane (HFC-32),​​​ 3.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 17 for convenience.

[0044] The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0045]

Figure 1

[0046] Description Definition: For the purposes of the present invention, the term "about" with respect to a temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) means that the specified temperature can vary by an amount of + / -5 °C. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature specified as being about is preferably + / −2 °C of the specific temperature, more preferably + / −1 °C, even more preferably + / −0.5 °C.

[0047] The term "capacity" is the amount of cooling provided by the refrigerant in a refrigeration system (B TU / hr). This is determined experimentally by multiplying the change in the enthalpy of the refrigerant (BTU / l b) as the refrigerant passes through the evaporator by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. The enthalpy can be determined from measurements of the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. The capacity of the cooling system is related to the ability to maintain the area to be cooled at a specific temperature. The capacity of the refrigerant represents the amount of cooling or heating provided by the refrigerant, and to some extent the compressor that delivers the amount of heat for a given volume flow rate of the refrigerant. ​provides performance. In other words, considering a specific compressor, a refrigerant with higher capacity will supply more cooling or heating power.

[0048] The term "Coefficient of Performance" (hereinafter "COP") is a widely accepted measure of refrigerant performance that is particularly useful for representing the relative thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigerant in a specific heating or cooling cycle involving evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. In refrigeration engineering, this term represents the ratio of the effective refrigeration or cooling capacity to the energy applied by the compressor during vapor compression, and thus represents the ability of a given compressor to deliver heat for a given volumetric flow rate of a heat transfer fluid such as a refrigerant. In other words, considering a specific compressor, a refrigerant with a higher COP will supply more cooling or heating power. One means for predicting the COP of a refrigerant under specific operating conditions is from the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques (see, for example, R.C.Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). owning, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOO K, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988).

[0049] The term "discharge temperature" refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor. The advantage of a low discharge temperature is that it allows the use of existing equipment without activating the thermal protection aspect of a system preferably designed to protect compressor components, and avoids the use of expensive control devices such as liquid injection to lower the discharge temperature.

[0050] The "Global Warming Potential" (hereinafter "GWP") is a comparison of the impact of various gases on global warming ​​​​​​​​​It was developed to enable this. Specifically, how much energy is absorbed by the release of one ton of a certain gas relative to the release of one ton of carbon dioxide over a given period. It is a measure of this. The larger the GWP, the more that gas will warm the planet over that period compared to CO2. The period commonly used for GWP is 1 00 years. GWP provides a common measure that enables analysts to sum the emission estimates of different gases. See www.epa.gov. The term "Life Cycle Climate Performance" (hereinafter, "LCCP") is a way in which air conditioning systems and refrigeration systems can be evaluated for their impact on global warming over the product life cycle. L CCP includes the direct impact of refrigerant emissions and the energy consumption used to operate the system, the energy to manufacture the system, and the indirect impacts of transporting and safely disposing of the system. The direct impact of refrigerant emissions is obtained from the GWP value of the refrigerant. For indirect emissions, measured refrigerant properties are used to obtain system performance and energy consumption. LCCP is determined using equations 1 and 2 as follows. Equation 1 is direct emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) × (annual leakage rate × product life + loss at end of product life) ×

[0051] GWP. Equation 2 is indirect emissions = annual electricity consumption × product life × CO2 per kW-hr of electricity production. The direct emissions as determined by Equation 1 and the indirect emissions as determined by Equation 2 are added together to result in LCCP. Generated by the National Renewable Laboratory, BinMaker CCP is a method by which air conditioning systems and refrigeration systems can be evaluated for their impact on global warming over the product life cycle. L CCP includes the direct impact of refrigerant emissions and the energy consumption used to operate the system, the energy to manufacture the system, and the indirect impacts of transporting and safely disposing of the system. The direct impact of refrigerant emissions is obtained from the GWP value of the refrigerant. For indirect emissions, measured refrigerant properties are used to obtain system performance and energy consumption. LCCP is determined using equations 1 and 2 as follows. Equation 1 is direct emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) × (annual leakage rate × product life + loss at end of product life) × GWP. Equation 2 is indirect emissions = annual electricity consumption × product life × CO2 per kW-hr of electricity production. The direct emissions as determined by Equation 1 and the indirect emissions as determined by Equation 2 are added together to result in LCCP. Generated by the National Renewable Laboratory, BinMaker emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) × (annual leakage rate × product life + loss at end of product life) × GWP. Equation 2 is indirect emissions = annual electricity consumption × product life × CO2 per kW-hr of electricity production. The direct emissions as determined by Equation 1 and the indirect emissions as determined by Equation 2 are added together to result in LCCP. Generated by the National Renewable Laboratory, BinMaker emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) × (annual leakage rate × product life + loss at end of product life) × GWP. Equation 2 is indirect emissions = annual electricity consumption × product life × CO2 per kW-hr of electricity production. The direct emissions as determined by Equation 1 and the indirect emissions as determined by Equation 2 are added together to result in LCCP. Generated by the National Renewable Laboratory, BinMaker emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) × (annual leakage rate × product life + loss at end of product life) × GWP. Equation 2 is indirect emissions = annual electricity consumption × product life × CO2 per kW-hr of electricity production. The direct emissions as determined by Equation 1 and the indirect emissions as determined by Equation 2 are added together to result in LCCP. Generated by the National Renewable Laboratory, BinMaker al Renewable Laboratory, BinMaker (Registered Trademark)TMY2 and TMY3 data available in the Pro version 4 software are used for analysis. The GWP values reported in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4 ) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 are used for calculation. LCCP is the mass of carbon dioxide (kg-CO ) over the product life of an air conditioning system or a refrigeration system 2eq and is expressed as .

[0052] The term "mass flow rate" is the mass of refrigerant passing through a conduit per unit time.

[0053] The term "Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)" is determined according to ASHRAE Standard 34 -2016 Designation and Safety Classification ion of Refrigerants.

[0054] As used herein, the term "substitute for" a particular prior refrigerant with respect to a specific heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention means the use of the designated composition of the present invention in a heat transfer system that has heretofore been commonly used with that prior refrigerant. By way of example, in heat transfer systems that have heretofore been designed for and / or commonly used with R410A, such as residential air conditioning and commercial air conditioning (including rooftop systems, variable refrigerant flow ( VRF) systems, and chiller systems), when using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention, the refrigerant of the present invention becomes a substitute for R410A in such a system . VRF) systems, and chiller systems), when using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention, the refrigerant of the present invention becomes a substitute for R410A in such a system that has heretofore been designed for and / or commonly used with R410A, the refrigerant of the present invention becomes a substitute for R410A in such a system when used.

[0055] The phrase "thermodynamic glide" refers to the phase change in an evaporator or condenser at a constant pressure ​​It is applied to azeotropic refrigerant mixtures having various temperatures during the process.

[0056] The term "thermodynamic glide" refers to the phase change in an evaporator or condenser at a constant pressure It is applied to azeotropic refrigerant mixtures having various temperatures during the process.

[0057] When this term is used in this specification, "TAN value" means the total acid value determined according to ASHRAE Standard 9 to simulate the long-term stability of the heat transfer composition by accelerated aging 7 - "Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use within Refrigerant Systems" refers to.

[0058] Heat transfer composition The applicants have found that the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, each containing one of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 described herein, have extremely advantageous properties, particularly stability and non-flammability during use, when used, in particular, as a substitute for R-410A in conventional 410A residential air conditioning systems and conventional R-410A commercial air conditioning systems (including conventional R-410A rooftop systems, conventional R-410A variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, and conventional R- 410A chiller systems). 410A cooling systems). have found that they can provide stability and non-flammability during use.

[0059] When used in this specification, reference heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 refer to each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 including heat transfer compositions 8A and 8B respectively.

[0060] Specific advantages of the refrigerant contained in the heat transfer composition of the present invention are tested according to the non-flammability test to be non-flammable when, as described above, various can be used in systems, and have excellent heat transfer characteristics, low environmental impact (including being particularly low in GWP and having a near-zero ODP), excellent chemical stability, low or no toxicity, and / or lubricant compatibility, and maintain non-flammability during use, refrigerants and heat transfer compositions are desired in the art. This desirable advantage can be achieved by the refrigerants and heat transfer compositions of the present invention.

[0061] Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 contains a refrigerant in an amount exceeding 40% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0062] Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 contains a refrigerant in an amount exceeding 50% by weight, or exceeding 70% by weight, or exceeding 80% by weight, or exceeding 90% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0063] Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 consists essentially of a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer.

[0064] The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably contain other components for the purpose of enhancing or providing specific functionality to the composition without impairing the enhanced stability provided according to the present invention. Such other components or additives may include dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, co-stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and anti-wear additives.

[0065] Stabilizer: Alkylated naphthalene ​​​​The present applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that alkylated naphthalene is very effective as a stabilizer for the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. As used herein when, the term "alkylated naphthalene" refers to a compound having the following structure:

[0066]

Chemical formula

[0067] The present applicants have found that unexpected, surprising, and advantageous results are associated with the use of alkylated naphthalene as a stabilizer according to the present invention having the following properties, and alkylated naphthalene compounds having the specified properties are, as shown in columns 1 to 5 of the following table, respectively, referred to as alkylated naphthalene 1 (or AN1) to alkylated naphthalene 5 (or AN5) for convenience in this specification.

[0068]

Table 2

[0069] When used herein in connection with the viscosity at 40 °C measured according to ASTM D445, the term "about" means + / - 4 cSt. ​​​​​​​​​​

[0070] Used herein in connection with the viscosity at 100 °C measured according to ASTM D445 When doing so, the term "about" means + / - 0.4 cSt.

[0071] When used herein in connection with the pour point measured according to ASTM D97, the term "about" means + / - 5 °C.

[0072] The Applicants have also found that unexpected, surprising and advantageous results are associated with the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the present invention, and that alkylated naphthalene compounds having the specified properties are herein for convenience referred to as alkylated naphthalene 6 (or AN6) to alkylated naphthalene 10 (or AN10), as shown respectively in columns 6 to 10 of the following table. In the present specification, for convenience, alkylated naphthalene 6 (or AN6) to alkylated naphthalene 10 (or AN10).

[0073] [Table 3]

[0074] Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 1 and alkylated naphthalene 6 include those sold by King Industries under the trade names NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR -009, KR-015, KR-019, KR-005FG, KR-015FG, and K R-029FG. sold by King Industries under the trade names NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR are mentioned.

[0075] Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 2 and alkylated naphthalene 7 include those sold by King Industries under the trade names NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR -009, KR-015, KR-019, KR-005FG, KR-015FG, and K -009 and those sold by King Industries under the trade names KR-005FG are included. Examples include those sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB

[0076] Alkylated naphthalenes within the scope of meaning of alkylated naphthalene 5 and alkylated naphthalene 10 E KR-008. Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB

[0077] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising alkylated naphthalenes that are AN1, AN2, AN3, or AN4, or AN5, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, or AN10, each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 of the present specification. Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB

[0078] Acid removal moiety (ADM) One of ordinary skill in the art can determine various ADMs useful in accordance with the present invention without undue experimentation, and all such ADMs are within the scope of the present invention. Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB

[0079] Epoxide The applicants have found that epoxides, particularly alkylated epoxides, are effective in producing the enhanced stability discussed herein when used in combination with alkylated naphthalene stabilizers, and the applicants believe, without being bound by theory, that this synergistic enhancement occurs at least in part due to the effective function of the ADM in the heat transfer composition of the present invention. Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide is selected from the group consisting of epoxides that undergo a ring-opening reaction with an acid, thereby removing the acid from the system, but otherwise having no adverse effect on the system. Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide is selected from the group consisting of epoxides that undergo a ring-opening reaction with an acid, thereby removing the acid from the system, but otherwise having no adverse effect on the system. Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB Examples include products sold by King Industries under the product name NA-LUB

[0081] Useful epoxides include aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides.

[0082] Preferred epoxides include epoxides of the following formula I:

[0083] [Chemical formula] (In the formula, at least one of the above R 1~ R4 is selected from an acyclic group of 2 to 15 carbons (C2 - C1 5), a C2 - C15 aliphatic group, and a C2 - C15 ether). The epoxide according to formula 1 may also be referred to as ADM1 for convenience in this specification.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, at least one of R1 - R4 of formula I is an ether having the following structure:

[0085] [Chemical formula] (In the formula, R5 and R6 are each independently a C1 - C14 straight or branched chain, preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group). The epoxide according to this paragraph may also be referred to as AD M2 for convenience in this specification.

[0086] 1~ One of R R4 has the following structure:

[0087] [Chemical formula] (In the formula, R5 and R6 are each independently a C1 - C14 straight or branched chain, preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group, and R 1~ ​​The remaining three of R4 are H). The epoxide according to this paragraph may also be referred to as ADM3 for convenience in this specification.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide comprises 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, consists essentially of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, or consists of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether. The epoxide according to this paragraph may also be referred to as ADM4 for convenience in this specification.

[0089] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions including each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further includes ADM1.

[0090] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions including each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further includes ADM1.

[0091] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions including each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further includes ADM2.

[0092] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions including each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further includes ADM3.

[0093] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions including each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further includes ADM4.

[0094] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions including each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further includes ADM1.

[0095] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further contains ADM2 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0096] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further contains ADM3 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0097] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further contains ADM4 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0098] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further contains ADM1 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0099] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further contains ADM2 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0100] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further contains ADM3 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0101] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further contains ADM4 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0102] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition in which the alkylated naphthalene is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6 , or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, and further contains ADM1, and includes heat transfer compositions each containing those of 1 to 8 and 9 to 17

[0103] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition 1 to 8 and 9 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6 , or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, and further contains ADM2 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing 8 and 9 to 17 respectively.

[0104] The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition 1 to 8 and 9 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6 , or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, and further contains ADM3 and includes heat transfer compositions each containing 8 and 9 to 17 respectively. The present invention relates to an alkylated naphthalene which is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN 9, and further contains ADM4, and includes heat transfer compositions each containing 1 to 8 and 9 to 17 respectively. Heat transfer composition

[0105] When ADM is present in the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing 1 to 8 and 9 to 17 respectively, the alkylated naphthalene is preferably present in an amount of 0.01% to about 10%, or about 1.5% to about 4.5%, or about 2.5% to about 3.5%, and these amounts are weight percentages based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene + refrigerant in the system .

[0106] When ADM is present in the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing 1 to 8 and 9 to 17 respectively, the alkylated naphthalene is preferably present in an amount of 0.1% to about 20%, or 1, 5% to about 10%, or 1.5% to about 8%, and these amounts are weight percentages based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene + lubricant in the system .

[0107] Carbodiimide The ADM may comprise a carbodiimide. In a preferred embodiment, the carbodiimide This includes compounds having the following structure:

[0108] [ka]

[0109] Other stabilizers The stabilizers other than alkylated naphthalene and ADM are included in each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17. It is contemplated that such other compositions may be included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Examples of stabilizers are listed below.

[0110] Phenolic Compounds In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

[0111] The phenolic compound is 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol). phenol; 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'- 2,2- or 4,4-Bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Biphenyldiol; Derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-Methyl 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tertbutylphenol); Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6 -tert-butylphenol; 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); t-Butylphenol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol) );2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol);2,2'-Methyl Bis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl -4-Methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-amyl-4-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be. -2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT may be.

[0112] Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In each case, the weight fraction refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition. -Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In each case, the weight fraction refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition. -Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In each case, the weight fraction refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition. -Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In each case, the weight fraction refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0113] Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In any case, the weight percentage refers to the weight based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition. -Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In any case, the weight percentage refers to the weight based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition. -Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In any case, the weight percentage refers to the weight based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition. -Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In any case, the weight percentage refers to the weight based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition.

[0114] The present invention also provides, based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition, an alkylated naphthalene containing from about 40% to about 9 5% by weight of each of AN1 to AN10 and a stabilizer containing from 0.1% to about 10 % by weight of BHT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 6 for convenience.

[0115] The present invention also provides, based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition, an alkylated naphthalene containing from about 40% to about 9 5% by weight of each of AN1 to AN10, an ADM containing from about 5% to about 3 0% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4, and a stabilizer containing from 0.1% to about 10% by weight of B HT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 7 for convenience.

[0116] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present invention containing stabilizer 6.

[0117] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 8 and 9 to 26 of the present invention containing stabilizer 7.

[0118] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present invention containing AN1 and BHT.

[0119] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present invention containing AN5 and BHT.

[0120] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present invention containing AN10 and BHT.

[0121] ​​​​​​​The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions 1-8 and The heat transfer composition includes each of 9 to 17.

[0122] The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 2 of the present invention, which include AN10, ADM4, and BHT. and 9-17.

[0123] Diene Compounds The diene compounds include C3 to C15 dienes and any two or more kinds of C3 to C4 dienes. The diene compound preferably includes a compound formed by the reaction of an allyl ether. , propadiene, butadiene, isoprene, and terpenes. The ene compounds are preferably terpenes, including terpenes, retinal, geraniol, and the like. ole, terpinene, delta-3 carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fencene, myristene Lucenene, Farnesene, Pinene, Nerol, Citral, Camphor, Menthol, Limonene , nerolidol, phytol, carnosic acid, and vitamin A1. Not limited. Preferably, the stabilizer is farnesene. Preferred terpene stabilizers are: No. 6,393,945, filed Dec. 12, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 2006, published as Publication No. 2006 / 0167044(A1), This is disclosed in US Pat. No. 638,003.

[0124] Furthermore, the diene compound is present in an amount exceeding 0, preferably from 0.0001% by weight to about 5% by weight. %, preferably 0.001% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight to It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of about 1% by weight. In each case, the weight percentages are: Refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0125] Phosphorus-based compound The phosphorus compound can be a phosphorous acid compound or a phosphoric acid compound. For the purposes of the present invention, the phosphorous acid compound is diaryl, dialkyl, triaryl, and / or trialkyl phosphite, and / or mixed aryl / alkyl di- or tri-substituted phosphite tosylate, especially a hindered phosphite, tris-(di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite ite, di-n-octyl phosphite, isooctyl diphenyl phosphite, isodecyl diphenyl phosphite, tri-iso-decyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphite ite, and one or more compounds selected from diphenyl phosphite, especially diphenyl phosphite.

[0126] The phosphoric acid compound is triaryl phosphate, trialkyl phosphate, alkyl monoacid phosphate, aryl diacid phosphate, amine phosphate, preferably tri aryl phosphate and / or trialkyl phosphate, especially tri-n-butyl phosphate .

[0127] The phosphorus compound is provided in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% in the heat transfer composition. In each case, by weight is meant the weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0128] Nitrogen compound When the stabilizer is a nitrogen compound, the stabilizer is diphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine mine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylamine, triisopropyl​ One or more secondary or tertiary amines selected from amines and triisobutylamine Any amine compound may be included. The amine compound is an amine antioxidant, for example, a substituted piper Lysine compound, that is, an alkyl-substituted piperidyl, piperidinyl, piperazinone, or Derivatives of alkoxypiperidinyl, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piper Don, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol; bis-(1,2,2,6, 6-pentamethylpiperidyl) sebacate; di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pi Peridyl) sebacate, poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- 4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate; alkylated paraphenylenediamine, for example , N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N , N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, and hydroxylamine, for example For example, tallow amine, methyl bis tallow amine, and bis tallow amine, or phenol-al Fa-naphthylamine, or one or more amine antioxidants selected from Tinuvin® 765 (Ciba), BL S® 1944 (Mayzo Inc), and BLS® 1770 (M ayzo Inc). For the purposes of the present invention The amine compound may also be an alkyldiphenylamine such as bis(nonylphenylamine), a dialkylamine such as (N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propylamine, or One or more of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha- Naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine It may be. Preferably, the amine compound is phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and at least one of bis(nonylphenyl)amine, more preferably phenyl-alpha- naphthylamine (PANA).

[0129] Alternatively, or in addition to the nitrogen compounds identified above, dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene ene, nitromethane, nitroso benzene, and TEMPO [(2,2,6,6-tetra methylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl] one or more compounds selected from the group may be used as a stabilizer in it.

[0130] The nitrogen compound is present in an amount greater than 0 and from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.00 1 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% in the heat transfer composition It can be provided. In each case, the weight percentage refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition .

[0131] Isobutylene As a stabilizer according to the present invention, isobutylene can also be used.

[0132] Additional stabilizer composition The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10, and ADM containing each of 1 to ADM4, and phenol. This The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as stabilizer 8 for convenience.

[0133] The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10, and ADM containing each of 1 to ADM4, and phosphate It is. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 9 for convenience in this specification.

[0134] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10, ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4, and a combination of a phosphate and a phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 10 for convenience in this specification. It may also be the case.

[0135] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 95 wt%, ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5 wt% to about 25 wt%, and an additional stabilizer selected from the group consisting of about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt% of a phosphate, a phenol, and combinations thereof, wherein the weight percentages above are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 11 for convenience in this specification. It may also be the case. It may also be referred to as stabilizer 11.

[0136] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 70 wt% to about 95 wt%, ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5 wt% to about 15 wt%, and an additional stabilizer selected from the group consisting of about 0.1 wt% to about 25 wt% of a phosphate, a phenol, and combinations thereof, wherein the weight percentages above are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 12 for convenience in this specification. It may also be the case. It may also be referred to as stabilizer 12.

[0137] The present invention also provides an alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10, and ADM Provide a stabilizer consisting essentially of ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 and BHT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 13 for convenience in this specification.

[0138] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 and BHT1. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 14 for convenience in this specification.

[0139] The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4, BHT, and phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 15 for convenience in this specification. There is also.

[0140] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4, BHT, and phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 16 for convenience in this specification.

[0141] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalene containing each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 95 wt% ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, and BHT in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt%, wherein the above weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 17 for convenience in this specification. There is also.

[0142] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 70 wt% to about 95 wt% Unalkylated naphthalene and ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight Each of the ADM containing them, and BHT in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, a stabilizer is provided, and the above weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 18 for convenience in this specification.

[0143] The present invention also provides a stabilizer containing each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight Unalkylated naphthalene, ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight each, and a third stabilizer compound selected from the group consisting of BHT, phosphates, and combinations thereof in an amount of about 1% to about 55% by weight, a stabilizer is provided, and the above weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 19 for convenience in this specification.

[0144] The present invention also provides a stabilizer containing each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight Unalkylated naphthalene, ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight each, and BHT in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, a stabilizer is provided wherein the above weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizer 20 for convenience in this specification.

[0145] The stabilizers of the present invention containing each of stabilizers 1 to 20 can be used in any of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 8 and 9 to 1 7 of the present invention.

[0146] In addition, the stabilizers of the present invention containing each of stabilizers 1 to 6 can be used in heat transfer compositions 8A and 8B ​It can be used in any of them.

[0147] Lubricant Generally, the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 45 contains a POE lubricant and / or a PVE lubricant, and the lubricant is preferably based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, or about 0.1 wt% to about 5%, or 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, or 0.1 wt% ~ about 0.5 wt% is present in an amount.

[0148] POE lubricant The POE lubricant of the present invention preferably includes a neopentyl POE lubricant in a preferred embodiment. As used herein, the term neopentyl POE lubricant refers to a polyol ester (POE) derived from the reaction of neopentyl polyol (preferably pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or neopentyl glycol, and in a preferred embodiment with higher viscosity, dipentaerythritol) with a linear or branched carboxylic acid.

[0149] Commercially available POEs include neopentyl glycol diperargonate available as Emery 2917 (registered trademark) and Hatcol 23 70 (registered trademark), and pentaerythritol derivatives such as those sold under the trade names Emkarate RL32- 3MAF and Emkarate RL68H by CPI Fluid Engineering. Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkar ate RL68H are preferred neopentyl POE lubricants having the characteristics specified below.

[0150]

Table 4

[0151] Other useful esters include phosphate esters, dibasic acid esters, and fluoroesters. are included.

[0152] The lubricant essentially composed of POE having a viscosity at 40 °C of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt measured according to ASTM D445 and a viscosity at 100 °C of about 5 cSt to about 10 cSt measured according to ASTM D445 is referred to herein as lubricant 1. cSt is referred to herein as lubricant 1.

[0153] The lubricant essentially composed of neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40 °C of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt measured according to ASTM D445 is referred to for convenience as lubricant 2. cSt measured according to ASTM D445 is referred to for convenience as lubricant 2.

[0154] The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 and containing a POE lubricant. composition.

[0155] In a preferred embodiment, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present heat transfer composition contains a lubricant essentially composed of a POE lubricant.

[0156] In a preferred embodiment, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present heat transfer composition contains a lubricant composed of a POE lubricant.

[0157] The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and / or lubricant 2. composition.

[0158] PVE lubricant The lubricant of the present invention may generally contain a PVE lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, the PVE lubricant is PVE according to the following formula II.

[0159] [Chemical formula] (In the formula, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1-C10 hydrocarbon, preferably a C 2-C8 hydrocarbon, and R1 and R4 are each independently an alkyl, alkylene group lycol, or a polyoxyalkylene glycol unit, and n and m are preferably selected according to the requirements of those skilled in the art to obtain a lubricant having the desired properties, and the preferred n and m are selected such that a lubricant having a viscosity at 40 °C of about 30 to about 70 cSt as measured according to ASTM D445 is obtained). The PVE lubricant according to the above description is hereinafter referred to as lubricant 3 for convenience. Examples of commercially available polyvinyl ethers include lubricants sold under the trade names FV C32D and FVC68D by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.

[0160] In a preferred embodiment, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present heat transfer composition contains a PVE lubricant.

[0161] In a preferred embodiment, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present heat transfer composition contains a lubricant consisting essentially of a PVE lubricant.

[0162] In a preferred embodiment, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present heat transfer composition contains a lubricant consisting of a PVE lubricant.

[0163] In a preferred embodiment, the PVE in each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present heat transfer composition is PVE according to formula II.

[0164] The present invention also provides heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 containing lubricant 1 or lubricant 2 or lubricant 3 Also provided are heat transfer compositions each containing the same.

[0165] Stabilized lubricant The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention each containing Stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 1 for convenience in this specification. In this specification, it may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 1 for convenience.

[0166] The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a neopentyl POE lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention each containing Stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 2 for convenience in this specification. In this specification, it may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 2 for convenience.

[0167] The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) Lubricant 1 and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention each containing Stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 3 for convenience in this specification. In this specification, it may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 3 for convenience.

[0168] The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) Lubricant 2 and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention each containing Stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 4 for convenience in this specification. In this specification, it may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 4 for convenience.

[0169] The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and (b) Stabilizer 1. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 5 for convenience in this specification. In this specification, it may also be referred to as Stabilized Lubricant 5 for convenience.

[0170] The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant ​​​​​and a stabilizing lubricant containing (b) stabilizer 2. The stabilizing lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizing lubricant 6 for convenience in this specification.

[0171] The present invention also includes a stabilizing lubricant containing (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and (b) stabilizer 3. The stabilizing lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizing lubricant 7 for convenience in this specification.

[0172] The present invention also includes a stabilizing lubricant containing (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and (b) stabilizer 4. The stabilizing lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizing lubricant 8 for convenience in this specification.

[0173] The present invention also includes a stabilizing lubricant containing (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and (b) stabilizer 5. The stabilizing lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizing lubricant 9 for convenience in this specification.

[0174] The present invention also includes a stabilizing lubricant containing (a) a POE lubricant and (b) an alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene and. The stabilizing lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizing lubricant 10 for convenience in this specification . There is also.

[0175] The present invention also includes a stabilizing lubricant containing (a) a POE lubricant and (b) an alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene and. The stabilizing lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to as stabilizing lubricant 11 for convenience in this specification . There is also.

[0176] The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 12 for convenience. The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience. The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience. The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience.

[0177] The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience. The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience. The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience. The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience.

[0178] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present invention, wherein the lubricant and stabilizer are the stabilized lubricants 1 to 13 of the present invention, respectively. The present invention includes heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 of the present invention, wherein the lubricant and stabilizer are the stabilized lubricants 1 to 13 of the present invention, respectively.

[0179] Methods, Uses, and Systems The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications including air conditioning applications. Very preferred air conditioning applications include residential air conditioning applications, commercial air conditioning applications (such as rooftop applications, VRF applications, and chillers). The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications including air conditioning applications. Very preferred air conditioning applications include residential air conditioning applications, commercial air conditioning applications (such as rooftop applications, VRF applications, and chillers). The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications including air conditioning applications. Very preferred air conditioning applications include residential air conditioning applications, commercial air conditioning applications (such as rooftop applications, VRF applications, and chillers).

[0180] The present invention also includes a method of providing heat transfer including an air conditioning method. Very preferred air conditioning methods include providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (such as methods of providing rooftop air conditioning, methods of providing VRF air conditioning, and methods of providing air conditioning using chillers). The present invention also includes a method of providing heat transfer including an air conditioning method. Very preferred air conditioning methods include providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (such as methods of providing rooftop air conditioning, methods of providing VRF air conditioning, and methods of providing air conditioning using chillers). The present invention also includes a method of providing heat transfer including an air conditioning method. Very preferred air conditioning methods include providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (such as methods of providing rooftop air conditioning, methods of providing VRF air conditioning, and methods of providing air conditioning using chillers). The present invention also includes a method of providing heat transfer including an air conditioning method. Very preferred air conditioning methods include providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (such as methods of providing rooftop air conditioning, methods of providing VRF air conditioning, and methods of providing air conditioning using chillers).

[0181] ​The present invention also includes a heat transfer system including an air conditioning system, and highly preferred air conditioning systems include residential air conditioning systems, commercial air conditioning systems (such as rooftop air conditioning systems, V RF air conditioning systems, and air conditioning cooler systems, etc.).

[0182] The present invention also provides for the use of a heat transfer composition, a method of using a heat transfer composition, and a system including a heat transfer composition, related to coolers (including portable water coolers and central water coolers), refrigeration, heat pumps, and heat pumps.

[0183] Any reference to any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention refers to any one of the heat transfer compositions described herein. Accordingly, for the following discussion of the use, method, system, or application of the compositions of the present invention, the heat transfer composition may include or consist essentially of any one of heat transfer compositions 1-17.

[0184] Regarding the heat transfer system of the present invention including a compressor and the lubricant for the compressor in the system, the system can include the filling amounts of the refrigerant and the lubricant such that the lubricant filling amount in the system is about 5 wt% to 60 wt%, or about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 40 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 30 wt%, or about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, or about 30 wt% to about 40 wt%. When used herein, the term "lubricant filling amount" refers to the total weight of the lubricant contained in the system as a proportion of the total of the lubricant and the refrigerant contained in the system. Such a system may also include a lubricant filling amount of about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, or about 8 wt% of the heat transfer composition.

[0185] ​ The heat transfer system according to the present invention includes, within the system, a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device that are in fluid communication with each other, heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, and a sequestration material. The sequestration material may preferably include i. copper or a copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. a zeolite molecular sieve containing copper, silver, lead, or a combination thereof, or iv. an anion exchange resin, or v. a moisture removal material, preferably a moisture removal molecular sieve, or vi. a combination of two or more of the above.

[0186] The present invention also provides a method of transferring heat of a type including evaporating a refrigerant liquid to generate a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a part of the refrigerant vapor with a compressor, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeated cycles. (a) providing a heat transfer composition according to the present invention, each containing heat transfer compositions 1 to 17; (b) optionally, preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor; (b) exposing at least a part of the refrigerant and / or at least a part of the lubricant to a sequestering material.

[0187] Uses, Equipment, and Systems In a preferred embodiment, the residential air conditioning system and method have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, and a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0188] In a preferred embodiment, the residential air conditioning system and method used in the heating mode have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, and a condensation temperature in the range of about 35°C to about 50°C. ​​​​​​​

[0189] In a preferred embodiment, the commercial air conditioning system and method have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0190] In a preferred embodiment, the hot water system and method have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 50°C to about 90°C. and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

[0191] In a preferred embodiment, the medium-temperature system and method have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -12°C to about 0°C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0192] In a preferred embodiment, the low-temperature system and method have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment, the rooftop air conditioning system and method have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0194] In a preferred embodiment, the VRF system and method have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0195] The present invention includes the use of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, each containing heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in a residential air conditioning system. The present invention includes the use of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, each containing heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in a residential air conditioning system.

[0196] The present invention includes the use of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, each containing heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in a chiller system. The present invention includes the use of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, each containing heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in a chiller system.

[0197] Examples of commonly used compressors for the purposes of the present invention include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressor. Examples of commonly used compressors for the purposes of the present invention include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressor. Examples of commonly used compressors for the purposes of the present invention include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressor. Examples of commonly used compressors for the purposes of the present invention include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressor. Examples of commonly used compressors for the purposes of the present invention include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressor.

[0198] Examples of commonly used expansion devices for the purposes of the present invention include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermostatic expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a capillary tube, fixed orifice, thermostatic expansion valve, or electronic expansion valve. Examples of commonly used expansion devices for the purposes of the present invention include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermostatic expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a capillary tube, fixed orifice, thermostatic expansion valve, or electronic expansion valve. Examples of commonly used expansion devices for the purposes of the present invention include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermostatic expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a capillary tube, fixed orifice, thermostatic expansion valve, or electronic expansion valve. Examples of commonly used expansion devices for the purposes of the present invention include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermostatic expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a capillary tube, fixed orifice, thermostatic expansion valve, or electronic expansion valve. Examples of commonly used expansion devices for the purposes of the present invention include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermostatic expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system including a capillary tube, fixed orifice, thermostatic expansion valve, or electronic expansion valve.

[0199] For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser may each preferably be in the form of a heat exchanger selected from finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system in which the evaporator and the condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, microchannel heat exchanger, shell and tube, plate heat exchanger, or tube-in-tube heat exchanger. For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser may each preferably be in the form of a heat exchanger selected from finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system in which the evaporator and the condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, microchannel heat exchanger, shell and tube, plate heat exchanger, or tube-in-tube heat exchanger. For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser may each preferably be in the form of a heat exchanger selected from finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system in which the evaporator and the condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, microchannel heat exchanger, shell and tube, plate heat exchanger, or tube-in-tube heat exchanger. For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser may each preferably be in the form of a heat exchanger selected from finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system in which the evaporator and the condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, microchannel heat exchanger, shell and tube, plate heat exchanger, or tube-in-tube heat exchanger. For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser may each preferably be in the form of a heat exchanger selected from finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system in which the evaporator and the condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, microchannel heat exchanger, shell and tube, plate heat exchanger, or tube-in-tube heat exchanger. For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser may each preferably be in the form of a heat exchanger selected from finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system in which the evaporator and the condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, microchannel heat exchanger, shell and tube, plate heat exchanger, or tube-in-tube heat exchanger. For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser may each preferably be in the form of a heat exchanger selected from finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Thus, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a heat transfer system in which the evaporator and the condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, microchannel heat exchanger, shell and tube, plate heat exchanger, or tube-in-tube heat exchanger.

[0200] Thus, the system of the present invention preferably comprises at least a portion of the refrigerant according to the present invention. and / or a metal ion sequestering material in contact with at least a portion of the lubricant, said contact the temperature of the metal ion sequestering material and / or the temperature of the refrigerant and / or the temperature of the lubricant at the time of said contact is preferably at least about 10°C, and the metal ion sequestering material preferably comprises an anion exchange resin, activated alumina, a zeolite molecular sieve containing silver, and a molecular sieving material, preferably a combination of molecular sieving molecular sieves.

[0201] As used in this application, the term "in contact with at least a portion" is intended, in its broadest sense, to include each and any combination of the sequestering materials in contact with the same or separate portions of the refrigerant and / or lubricant within the system and also includes, but is not necessarily limited to, embodiments where various types or specific sequestering materials are (i) types or specific materials that are physically located together with each other when present, (ii) types or specific materials that are physically located separately from each other when present, and (iii) combinations of two or more materials being physically together and at least one sequestering material being physically separate from at least one other sequestering material.

[0202] The heat transfer composition of the present invention can be used for heating and cooling applications.

[0203] In a particular feature of the present invention, the heat transfer composition can be used in a cooling method that includes condensing the heat transfer composition and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be cooled.

[0204] Accordingly, the present invention relates to a cooling method in a heat transfer system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) condensing the heat transfer composition described herein and ii) evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled, and the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system being in the range of about -40°C to about +10°C.

[0205] Alternatively or additionally, the heat transfer composition can be used in a heating method including condensing the heat transfer composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be heated and then evaporating the composition.

[0206] Accordingly, the present invention relates to a heating method in a heat transfer system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) condensing the heat transfer composition described herein in the vicinity of the body or article to be heated and ii) evaporating the composition, and the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system being in the range of about -3 0°C to about 5°C.

[0207] The heat transfer composition of the present invention is provided for use in air conditioning applications including both transport and stationary air conditioning applications. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein can be used in - air conditioning applications including mobile air conditioning, particularly for trains and buses, - mobile heat pumps, particularly for electric vehicles, - coolers, particularly positive displacement coolers, especially air or water cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or conventionally single packaged), - residential air conditioning systems, particularly ducted split or ductless split air conditioners System, - Domestic heat pump, - Domestic air-water heat pump / water heating system, - Industrial air conditioning system, - Commercial air conditioning system, specifically packaged rooftop unit and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system; - Commercial air source, water source, or ground source heat pump system, any of which can be used.

[0208] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in refrigeration systems. The term "refrigeration system" refers to any system or apparatus that uses a refrigerant to provide cooling, or any component or part of such a system or apparatus. Thus, any of the heat transfer compositions described in this specification can be used in - Low temperature refrigeration systems, - Medium temperature refrigeration systems, - Commercial refrigerators, - Commercial freezers, - Ice makers, - Vending machines, - Transport refrigeration systems, - Domestic freezers, - Domestic refrigerators, - Industrial freezers, - Industrial refrigerators, and - Coolers, any of which can be used.

[0209] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions 1-17, is particularly provided for use in domestic air conditioning systems (for cooling in the range of about 0 to about 10 °C, particularly about 7 °C, and / or for heating in the range of about -20 to about 3 °C, particularly having an evaporator temperature of about 0.5 °C). Alternatively or additionally, each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 is Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein that includes is particularly for use in a residential air conditioning system comprising a reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary vane), or scroll compressor. It is provided for use.

[0210] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein that includes heat transfer compositions 1 - 17 is particularly for use in an air-cooled cooler (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, specifically about 4.5°C), particularly an air-cooled cooler comprising a positive displacement compressor, more specifically an air-cooled cooler comprising a reciprocating scroll compressor. It is provided for use.

[0211] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein that includes heat transfer compositions 1 - 17 is particularly for use in a residential air-to-water heat pump water circulation system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about - 20 to about 3°C, particularly about 0 .5°C, or having an evaporator temperature in the range of about - 30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C). It is provided for use.

[0212] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein that includes heat transfer compositions 1 - 17 is particularly for use in a medium-temperature refrigeration system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about - 12 to about 0°C, particularly about - 8°C). It is provided for use.

[0213] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein that includes heat transfer compositions 1 - 17 is particularly for use in a low-temperature refrigeration system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about - 40 to about - 12°C, particularly about - 40°C to about - 23°C, or

[0214] preferably about - 32°C). It is provided for use.

[0214] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention that include heat transfer compositions 1 - 17, for example, provide cooling air in summer (the The air is supplied to the building at a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, in particular about 12°C. The present invention is provided for use in a residential air conditioning system used for

[0215] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is The air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., particularly about 12° C. The present invention is provided for use in a split type residential air conditioning system.

[0216] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is The air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., particularly about 12° C. The present invention is provided for use in a ducted split type residential air conditioning system. .

[0217] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is The air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., particularly about 12° C. The present invention is provided for use in a window residential air conditioning system.

[0218] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is The air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., particularly about 12° C. The present invention is provided for use in a portable residential air conditioning system that is used in a portable residential air conditioning system.

[0219] Residential air conditioning systems as described herein, including the residential air conditioning system of the immediately preceding paragraph. The compressor preferably comprises an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, and an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil). The evaporator and condenser are round tube plate fin, fin tube It may be a plate, or a microchannel heat exchanger. The compressor may be a reciprocating type, a rotary type (rolling piston or rotary valve), or a scroll compressor. The expansion valve may be a capillary tube, a thermostatic expansion valve, or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of 0 °C to 10 °C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of 40 °C to 70 °C. .

[0220] The heat transfer composition of the present invention containing heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 is provided for use in a residential heat pump system for supplying warm air (the air has a temperature of, for example, about 18 °C to about 24 °C, particularly about 21 °C) to a building in winter. This may be the same system as a residential air conditioning system, but in the heat pump mode, the refrigerant flow is reversed, the indoor coil becomes the condenser, and the outdoor coil becomes the evaporator. Typical system types are split type and mini-split type heat pump systems. The evaporator and condenser are usually round tube plate fin, fin type, or microchannel heat exchangers. The compressor is usually a reciprocating type, or a rotary type (rolling piston or rotary valve), or a scroll compressor. The expansion valve is usually a thermostatic expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20 to about 3 °C or about -30 to about 5 °C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 3 5 °C to about 50 °C. .

[0221] The heat transfer composition of the present invention containing heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 is provided for use in a commercial air conditioning system that can be a chiller for supplying cold water (the water has a temperature of, for example, about 7 °C) to large buildings such as offices and hospitals. Depending on the application, ​ The cooler system can operate throughout the year. The cooler system can be air-cooled or water-cooled. Air -cooled coolers typically have plates for supplying chilled water, tube-in-tube type, or shell -in-tube type evaporators, reciprocating or scroll compressors, round tube plate fins for exchanging heat with the ambient air, fin-tube type, or microchannel condensers, and a temperature expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. Water-cooled systems typically have shell-and-tube type evaporators for supplying chilled water, reciprocating, scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressors, shell-and-tube type condensers for exchanging heat with water from cooling towers or lakes, seas, and other natural sources, and a temperature expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably in the range of about 0 °C to about 10 °C. The condensation temperature is preferably in the range of about 40 °C to about 70 °C. The heat transfer composition of the present invention, which contains heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is provided for use in a residential air-water heat pump hot water circulation system that is used to supply hot water (the water has a temperature of, for example, about 50 °C or about 55 °C) to a building for floor heating or similar purposes in winter. The hot water system typically has round tube plate fins, fin-tube type, or microchannel evaporators for exchanging heat with the ambient air, reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressors, plates for heating water, tube-in-tube type, or shell-and-tube type condensers, and a temperature expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably in the range of about -20 °C to about 3 °C or -30 °C to about 5 °C. The condensation temperature is preferably in the range of about 50 °C to about 90 °C.

[0222]

[0223] The heat transfer composition of the present invention, which includes heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is for use in a medium-temperature refrigeration system in which the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -12 °C to about 0°C, and in such a system the refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40 to about 70°C or about 20°C to about 70°C, and is provided for use in a medium-temperature refrigeration system.

[0224] Accordingly, the present invention provides a medium-temperature refrigeration system used for cooling food or beverages such as refrigerators or bottle coolers, in which the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -12°C to about 0°C, and in such a system the refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 7 0°C or about 20°C to about 70°C.

[0225] The medium-temperature system of the present invention, including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably includes, for example, an air-refrigerant evaporator for cooling food or beverages contained therein, a reciprocating, scroll, screw, or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with the ambient air, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve. The heat transfer composition of the present invention, which includes heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is for use in a low-temperature refrigeration system in which the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and the refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40 to about 70°C or about 20 to about 70°C.

[0226] Accordingly, the present invention provides a low-temperature refrigeration system used for providing cooling in a freezer, in which the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and the refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C or about 20 to about 70°C. ​​​​​​​​​​​

[0227] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a low temperature refrigeration system for use in a cream machine, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C or about 20°C to about 70°C. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a low temperature refrigeration system for use in a cream machine, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C or about 20°C to about 70°C. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a low temperature refrigeration system for use in a cream machine, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C or about 20°C to about 70°C. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a low temperature refrigeration system for use in a cream machine, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C or about 20°C to about 70°C.

[0228] The low temperature system of the present invention including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph preferably includes an air-refrigerant evaporator for cooling food or drink, a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with the ambient air, and a temperature expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The low temperature system of the present invention including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph preferably includes an air-refrigerant evaporator for cooling food or drink, a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with the ambient air, and a temperature expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The low temperature system of the present invention including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph preferably includes an air-refrigerant evaporator for cooling food or drink, a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with the ambient air, and a temperature expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The low temperature system of the present invention including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph preferably includes an air-refrigerant evaporator for cooling food or drink, a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with the ambient air, and a temperature expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve.

[0229] Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, the AN5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, the AN5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, the AN5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, the AN5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, the AN5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant.

[0230] Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, AN5 is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, AN5 is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, AN5 is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, AN5 is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of the heat transfer composition of the present invention, each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, AN5 is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0231] For the purposes of the present invention, each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is provided for use in a cooler having an evaporation temperature in the range of about 0 °C to about 10 °C and a condensation temperature in the range of about 40 °C to about 70 °C. The cooler is provided for use in air conditioning or refrigeration, preferably for commercial air conditioning. The cooler is preferably a positive displacement cooler, especially an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion cooler (either modular or conventionally packaged individually).

[0232] Accordingly, the present invention provides for the use of each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in stationary air conditioning, especially domestic, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

[0233] Accordingly, the present invention provides for the use of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in stationary air conditioning, especially domestic, industrial or commercial air conditioning, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, the AN5 is present in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the weight of the lubricant.

[0234] Accordingly, the present invention provides for the use of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in stationary air conditioning, especially domestic, industrial or commercial air conditioning, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, the AN5 is present in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. and the BHT is present in an amount of from about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %

[0235] Each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, is provided as a low global warming potential (GWP) alternative to refrigerant R- 410A.

[0236] Each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, is provided as a low global warming potential (GWP) retrofit for refrigerant R- 410A.

[0237] Thus, the present invention provides a method of additionally introducing an existing heat transfer system designed for and containing R-410A refrigerant without requiring substantial engineering changes to the existing system, especially without changes to condensers, evaporators, and / or expansion valves.

[0238] Thus, the present invention also provides a method of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as an alternative to R-410A, especially as an alternative to R-410A in residential air conditioning refrigerants, without requiring substantial engineering changes to the existing system, especially without changes to condensers, evaporators, and / or expansion valves.

[0239] Thus, the present invention also provides a method of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as an alternative to R-410A, especially as an alternative to R-410A in residential air conditioning systems,

[0240] Thus, the present invention also provides a method of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as an alternative to R-410A, especially as an alternative to R-410A in chiller systems, ​

[0241] Therefore, a method for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system containing R-410A refrigerant is such that at least a part of the existing R-410A refrigerant is replaced with the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1 to 17. A method is provided that includes replacing.

[0242] The replacement step preferably involves removing at least a substantial part, preferably substantially all, of the existing refrigerant (which may be, but is not limited to, R-410A) without any substantial modification of the system to adapt it to the refrigerant of the present invention, and introducing a heat transfer composition containing each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1 to 17. Preferably, the method includes removing at least about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 50 wt%, or about 7 5 wt% of R-410A from the system and replacing it with the heat transfer composition of the present invention.

[0243] Alternatively, the heat transfer composition can be used to retrofit an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains R410A refrigerant, and the system is modified for use with the heat transfer composition of the present invention.

[0244] Alternatively, the heat transfer composition can be used as a replacement in a heat transfer system that is designed to contain or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant.

[0245] The present invention encompasses the use of the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1 to 17 as a low global warming alternative to R-4 10A, or for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system. ​​​​​​​​​used in a method of making or as described herein with R - 410A refrigerant will be understood to be used in a heat transfer system suitable for use.

[0246] When the heat transfer composition is provided for use in the manner of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system as described above, this method preferably includes removing at least a portion of the existing R - 410A refrigerant from the system, which will be understood by those skilled in the art. Preferably the method includes removing at least about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 50 wt%, or about 75 wt% of the R - 410A from the system and replacing it with the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of 1 - 17 thereof.

[0247] The heat transfer composition of the present invention can be used as a substitute in systems such as existing or new heat transfer systems that are used with or are suitable for use with R - 410A refrigerant.

[0248] The composition of the present invention exhibits many of the desired properties of R - 410A, but has a substantially lower GWP than R - 410A and at the same time is substantially the same as or substantially consistent with R - 410A, and more preferably has an operating characteristic, i.e., capacity and / or efficiency (COP) that is as high as or higher than that of R - 410A. Thereby, the claimed composition in an existing heat transfer system can replace R - 410A without any major system changes to, for example, condensers, evaporators, and / or expansion valves. Thus, the composition can be used as a direct substitute for R - 410A in a heat transfer system. ​​​​​​​​​​

[0249] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits an operating characteristic in which the efficiency (COP) of the composition in the heat transfer system is more than 90% of the efficiency of R-410A.

[0250] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits an operating characteristic in which the capacity in the heat transfer system is 95 to 105% of the capacity of R-410A as compared with R-410A.

[0251] It will be understood that R-410A is an azeotrope-like composition. Therefore, in order to make the claimed composition compatible with the operating characteristics of R-410A, any of the refrigerants included in the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 preferably exhibits a low level of glide. Therefore, the refrigerant included in the heat transfer composition of the present invention containing each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 described herein may provide an evaporator gradient of less than 2°C, preferably less than 1.5°C.

[0252] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits an operating characteristic in which the efficiency (COP) of the composition in the heat transfer system is 100 to 102% of the efficiency of R-410A and the capacity in the heat transfer system is 92 to 102% of the capacity of R-410A as compared with R-410A.

[0253] Preferably, in a heat transfer system in which the composition of the present invention replaces the R-410A refrigerant, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits the following operating characteristics as compared with R-410A: - The efficiency (COP) of the composition is 100 to 105% of the efficiency of R-410A, and and / or - The capacity is 92 to 102% of the capacity of R-410A.

[0254] In a heat transfer system in which the composition of the present invention is used to replace R-410A refrigerant, in order to enhance the reliability of the heat transfer system, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably further exhibits the following characteristics compared to R-410A: - The discharge temperature is not more than 10 °C higher than the discharge temperature of R-410A, and / or - The compressor pressure ratio preferably further exhibits the characteristic that it is 98 to 102% of the compressor pressure ratio of R-410A,

[0255] Existing heat transfer compositions used to replace R-410A are preferably used in air-conditioning heat transfer systems including both mobile air-conditioning systems and stationary air-conditioning systems. As used herein, the term mobile air-conditioning system means a mobile non-passenger vehicle air-conditioning system such as those for trucks, buses, and trains. Thus, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is - An air-conditioning system including a mobile air-conditioning system, particularly those for trucks, buses, and trains, - A mobile heat pump, particularly a heat pump for electric vehicles, - A cooler, particularly a positive displacement cooler, especially an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion cooler (either modular or individually packaged by conventional methods), - A residential air-conditioning system, particularly a duct split type or ductless split type air-conditioning system, - A residential heat pump, - A residential air-water heat pump / water heating system, - An industrial air conditioning system, and - A commercial air conditioning system, particularly a packaged rooftop unit or a variable refrigerant flow (V RF) system, - A commercial air source, water source, or ground source heat pump system, can be used to replace R-410A in any one of them.

[0256] The heat transfer composition of the present invention is alternatively provided to replace R410A in a refrigeration system. Therefore, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, - A low-temperature refrigeration system, - A medium-temperature refrigeration system, - A commercial refrigerator, - A commercial freezer, - An ice maker, - A vending machine, - A transport refrigeration system, - A household refrigerator, - A household freezer, - An industrial refrigerator, - An industrial freezer, and - A cooler, can be used to replace R10A in any one of them.

[0257] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is provided particularly to replace R-410A in a residential air conditioning system (for cooling, within a range of about 0°C to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C , and / or for heating, within a range of about -20°C to about 3°C or 30°C to about 5°C, particularly about 0 .5°C evaporator temperature). Alternatively or furthermore, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, is particularly provided for reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary vane), or scroll Provided for replacing R-410A in a residential air conditioning system having a scroll compressor is provided.

[0258] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 is provided, in particular, for replacing R-410A in an air-cooled condenser (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, in particular about 4.5°C) , specifically an air-cooled condenser equipped with a positive displacement compressor, more specifically an air-cooled condenser equipped with a reciprocating scroll compressor.

[0259] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 is provided, in particular, for replacing R-410A in a residential air-to-water heat pump hot water circulation system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C or about -30°C to about 5°C, in particular about 0.5°C). is provided.

[0260] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 is provided, in particular, for replacing R-410A in a medium temperature refrigeration system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -12°C to about 0°C, in particular about -8°C) .

[0261] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 is provided, in particular, for replacing R-410A in a low temperature refrigeration system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, in particular about -40°C to about -23°C, or preferably about -32°C). is provided.

[0262] Accordingly, those designed to contain or containing or modifying an existing heat transfer system suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant A method comprising replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 is provided.

[0263] Thus, a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains R-410A refrigerant, or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, comprising replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 is provided.

[0264] The present invention further provides a heat transfer system comprising a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator in fluid communication, the system containing a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 within the system.

[0265] In particular, the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system (for cooling within a range of about 0°C to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C, and / or for heating within a range of about -20°C to about 3°C or about -30°C to about 5°C, particularly having an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C).

[0266] In particular, the heat transfer system is an air-cooled chiller (having an evaporator temperature within a range of about 0°C to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C), specifically an air-cooled chiller equipped with a positive displacement compressor, more specifically an air-cooled chiller equipped with a reciprocating or scroll compressor.

[0267] In particular, the heat transfer system is a residential air-to-water heat pump water circulation system (about -2 ​​​​​​​​​​within the range of from about 0 °C to about 3 °C or from about -30 °C to about 5 °C, particularly having an evaporator temperature of about 0.5 °C) is.

[0268] The heat transfer system can be a refrigeration system, for example, a low-temperature refrigeration system, a medium-temperature refrigeration system, commercial refrigerators, commercial freezers, ice makers, vending machines, transport refrigeration systems, household refrigerators, household refrigerators, industrial freezers, and coolers.

Example

[0269] The refrigerant compositions specified in Table 2 below as refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are refrigerants within the scope of the present invention as described herein. Each of the refrigerants was subjected to a thermodynamic analysis to determine its ability to match the operating characteristics of R-4104A in various refrigeration systems. Using the experimental data collected on the characteristics of various binary pairs of the components used in the composition, an analysis was carried out. With a series of binary pairs each containing HFC-32 and R125, the vapor / liquid equilibrium behavior of C F3I was measured and investigated. In the experimental evaluation, the composition of each binary pair was varied over a series of relative percentages, and the mixing parameters of each binary pair were regressed to the experimentally obtained data. In the example, the vapor / liquid equilibrium behavior data of the binary pair HFC-32 and HFC -125, available in the National Institute of Sc ience and Technology (NIST) Reference Flu id Thermodynamic and Transport Propertie s Database software (Refprop 9.1 NIST Standa rd Database 2013), was used. The parameters selected for the analysis were rd Database 2013) was used. The vapor / liquid equilibrium behavior data of the binary pair HFC-32 and HFC -125 was used. The parameters selected for the analysis ​was the same compressor volume for all refrigerants, the same operating conditions for all refrigerants, and the same adiabatic and volumetric efficiencies of the compressor for all refrigerants. In each example, simulations were performed using the measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data. The simulation results are reported for each example.

[0270]

Table 5

[0271] Refrigerant A1 contains 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A1 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 contains 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 contains 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable.

[0272] Example 1 - Environment / GWP The LCCP was determined for R410, other known refrigerants, and the refrigerants of the present invention and reported in Table 3. In Table 3, the refrigerant with a GWP of 400 is the refrigerant of the present invention. As known refrigerants, refrigerants with GWPs of 1, 150, 250, 750, and 2088 were used. The known refrigerant with a GWP of 2088 is R410A. P

[0273] Table 3 shows the LCCP results in four regions: the United States, the EU, China, and Brazil. ​​​​​Yes. As the GWP decreases, the direct emissions decrease. However, due to the low system efficiency, more energy is consumed and the indirect emissions increase. Therefore , the total emissions (kg-CO 2) initially decrease and then increase as the GWP decreases. The various energy structures within these regions result in an optimal G 2eq WP value with the lowest total emissions. The number of AC units also varies between these regions. That is, the U SA and EU have more AC units than China and Brazil. The last columns of Figures 1 and 3 show the total emissions considering all four regions and the total number of AC units. As the GWP decreases, the total emissions decrease until they reach the minimum value of the refrigerant of the present invention with a GWP of 400. In the range of GWP from 250 to 750, the total emissions are very similar. However , since the indirect emissions increase significantly, when the GWP is less than 150, the total emissions increase significantly. Therefore, the present invention demonstrates surprising and unexpected results. As the GWP decreases, the total emissions decrease until they reach the minimum value of the refrigerant of the present invention with a GWP of 400. In the range of GWP from 250 to 750, the total emissions are very similar. However , since the indirect emissions increase significantly, when the GWP is less than 150, the total emissions increase significantly. Therefore, the present invention demonstrates surprising and unexpected results. increase significantly. Therefore, the present invention demonstrates surprising and unexpected results.

[0274]

Table 6

[0275] Example 2A - Residential Air Conditioning System (Cooling) The residential air conditioning system is used to supply cool air (26.7 °C) to a building in summer. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used in the simulation of the residential air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 4 below. The operating conditions are as follows: Condensing temperature = 46 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporating temperature = 7 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5 °C Condensing temperature = 46 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporating temperature = 7 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5 °C 。

[0276]

Table 7

[0277] Table 4 shows the thermodynamic performance of the residential air - conditioning system compared with the R410A system 。Refrigerants A1 - A3 show over 92% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 - A3 show a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of R410A and no change to the R410A compressor is required.

[0278] Example 2B. - Residential air - conditioning system (cooling) A POE lubricant is included in the system and is stabilized with alkylated naphthalene (AN4 in an amount of about 6% - about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 - 0.5 wt% based on the weight of the lubricant) according to the present invention. The residential air - conditioning system is configured to supply cold air according to Example 2A. The system configured in this way is operated continuously over a long period of time, and when the lubricant is tested after such operation it is found to remain stable during such actual operation.

[0279] Example 3A - Residential heat pump system (heating) The residential heat pump system is used to supply warm air (21.1 °C) to a building in winter for use. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used in the simulation of the residential air - conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 5 below. The operating conditions are as follows ​​​​It is as follows. Condensation temperature = 41 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 0.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isentropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5 °C.

[0280]

Table 8

[0281] Table 5 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential heat pump system compared with an R410A system. The capacity of refrigerant A1 can be recovered with a larger compressor. Refrigerants A2 - A 3 show a capacity and efficiency of over 90% compared with R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 - A3 show a pressure ratio of 10 0% compared with R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of R410A, and no change to the R41 0A compressor is necessary.

[0282] Example 3B. - Residential heat pump system (heating) A heat pump system in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and is stabilized with alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM according to the present invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) is configured according to Example 3A. When the system configured in this way is continuously operated over a long period of time and the lubricant is tested after such operation, it is found that it remains stable during such actual operation. operation. operation. operation, it is found that it remains stable during such actual operation.

[0283] Example 4A - Commercial air conditioning system - chiller A commercial air conditioning system (chiller) cools water (7 °C) in large buildings such as offices and hospitals. ) is used to supply. In the simulation of the above commercial air conditioning system, cold media A1, A2, and A3 are used, and the performance results are shown in Table 6 below. The operating conditions are as follows. Condensing temperature = 46 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporating temperature = 4.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isentropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the suction line = 2 °C.

[0284]

Table 9

[0285] Table 6 shows the thermodynamic performance of the commercial air conditioning system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit more than 92% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 show a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of R410A, and no change to the R410A compressor is required.

[0286] Example 4B. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Condenser A commercial air conditioner in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and is stabilized with alkylated naphthalene (AN4) in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant and ADM (ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant according to the present invention is configured according to Example 4A. The system configured in this way is continuously operated over a long period of time, and when the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found that it remained stable during such actual operation. operation. After operating such a configured system continuously for a long period of time and testing the lubricant after such operation, it was found that it remained stable during such actual operation.

[0287] Example 5A - Domestic Air-Water Heat Pump Hot Water Circulation System The domestic air-water heat pump hot water circulation system is used to supply hot water (50 °C) to a building for floor heating or similar applications in winter. In the simulation of the domestic heat pump system as described above, refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used, and the performance results are shown in Table 7 below. The operating conditions are as follows: condensation temperature = 60 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 0.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isentropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the suction line = 2 °C.

[0288] [Table 10]

[0289] Table 7 shows the thermodynamic performance of the domestic heat pump system compared with the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 - A3 show a capacity and efficiency of 93% or more compared with R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 - A2 show a pressure ratio of 100% compared with R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of R410A, and no change to the R410A compressor is necessary.

[0290] Example 5B - Domestic Air-Water Heat Pump Hot Water System A domestic air-water heat pump hot water circulation system in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and is stabilized with alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM according to the present invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) is configured according to Example 5A. Configured in this way, ​​​​​​​​​​The system was subjected to continuous operation for an extended period of time and the lubricants were tested after such operation. It has been found to remain stable during such practical operation.

[0291] Example 6A - Medium Temperature Refrigeration System Medium temperature refrigeration systems are used to cool food or beverages, such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers. Refrigerants A1, A2 and A3 are used in the system of medium temperature refrigeration systems as described above. The performance results are shown in Table 8 below. Operating conditions: Condensation temperature = 40.6°C, Condenser subcooling = 0°C (system with receiver), Evaporation temperature = -6.7 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, and Superheat in suction line = 19.5°C.

[0292] [Table 11]

[0293] Table 8 shows the thermodynamic performance of the medium temperature cooling system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 show a capacity and efficiency of 94% or more compared to R410A. The system performance is the same as that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A2 are compared with R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is the same as that of R410A. , no change to R410A compressor is required.

[0294] Example 6B. Medium Temperature Refrigeration System Medium temperature refrigeration systems are used to cool food or beverages in refrigerators and bottle coolers, etc. The system is configured to include a POE lubricant, and the alkylated naphthalene of the present invention is (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM according to the present invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) to stabilize the medium temperature refrigeration system is configured according to Example 6A. The system thus configured was continuously operated over a long period of time, and the lubricant was tested after such operation. It was found that it remained stable during such actual operation. Example 7A - Low Temperature Refrigeration System The low temperature refrigeration system is used in ice cream makers and refrigerators for freezing food. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used in the simulation of the low temperature refrigeration system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 9 below. Operating conditions: condensation temperature = 40.6 °C, condenser subcooling = 0 °C (system with receiver), evaporation temperature = -28

[0295] .9 °C, superheat at the evaporator outlet = 5.5 °C, isentropic efficiency = 65%, volumetric efficiency : 100%, and superheat in the suction line = 44.4 °C.

[0296]

[0297]

[0298] Table 9 shows the thermodynamic performance of the low temperature refrigeration system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 show a capacity and efficiency of 96% or more compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 show a pressure ratio of 99% or 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of R410A, and no change to the R410A compressor is required.

[0298]

[0298] Example 7B. Low Temperature Refrigeration System Configure a low temperature refrigeration system to freeze food in an ice cream machine, a refrigerator, etc. such that a POE lubricant is included in the system, and the alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention ( AN4) in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant and the ADM according to the present invention (lubricating ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. Configure the low temperature refrigeration system according to Example 7A. The system configured in this way was continuously operated over a long period of time, and when the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found that it remained stable during such actual operation.

[0299] Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftop Test a packaged rooftop commercial air conditioning system configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building The experimental system includes a packaged rooftop air conditioning / heat pump system, and has an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such a system. The operating conditions of the test are as follows. 1. Condensing temperature = about 46 °C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = about 45 °C) 2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5 °C 3. Evaporating temperature = about 7 °C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7 °C) 4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5 °C 5. Insulation efficiency = 70% 6. Volumetric efficiency = 100% 7. Temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5 °C It can be seen that the performance of each of refrigerants A1 to A3 is acceptable.

[0300] Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftop A packaged rooftop commercial air conditioning system in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and is stabilized with alkylated naphthalene (AN4) according to the present invention in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant and ADM (ADM4) according to the present invention in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant is configured to supply cooling or heating air to a building according to Example 8A. When the system configured in this way is continuously operated over a long period of time and the lubricant is tested after such operation, it is found that it remains stable during such actual operation.

[0301] Example 9A. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Variable Refrigerant Flow System A commercial air conditioning system using variable refrigerant flow configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building is tested. The experimental system includes a plurality (four or more) of air - refrigerant evaporators (indoor coils), a compressor, an air - refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such a system. The operating conditions of the test are as follows: 1. Condensing temperature = about 46°C, corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 45°C 2. Condenser sub - cooling = about 5.5°C 3. Evaporating temperature = about 7°C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7°C) 4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C 5. Insulation efficiency = 70% 6. Volumetric efficiency = 100% 7. Temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5°C. The performance of each of refrigerants A1 - A3 is found to be acceptable.

[0302] Example 9B. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Variable Flow Refrigerant ​​​​​​​​​​A commercial air conditioning system with a variable refrigerant flow is configured to supply cold air or warm air to a building. and a POE lubricant is included in the system, and the alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM according to the present invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) are used. The commercial air conditioning system with a variable refrigerant flow is configured according to Example 9A. The thus-configured system is continuously operated over a long period of time, and the lubricant is tested after such operation. It was found that it remained stable during such actual operation. Comparative Example 1 - A heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant, a lubricant, and BHT To simulate the long-term stability of the heat transfer composition by accelerated aging, the heat transfer composition of the present invention is tested according to ASHRAE Standard 97 - "Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use within Refrigerant Systems". The test refrigerant consists of 41% by weight of R-32, 3.5% by weight of R-125, and 55.5% by weight of CF3I), and has 1.7% by volume of air in the refrigerant. The POE lubricant tested had a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40°C and an ISO 32 POE (Lubricant A) with a water content of 300 ppm or less. The stabilizer BHT is included together with the lubricant, but neither alkylated naphthalene nor ADM is included. After the test, the fluid is observed for clarity, and the total acid number (TAN) is determined. The TAN value is considered to reflect the stability of the lubricant in the fluid under the use conditions in the heat transfer composition.

[0303] ​ also test for the presence of trifluoromethane (R-23), this compound is CF3I is considered to be a product of the destruction of, and is regarded as reflecting refrigerant stability.

[0304] Prepare sealed tubes containing 50 wt% of R-466a refrigerant and 50 wt% of the specified lubricant, each of which is degassed, to conduct the experiment. Each tube contains coupons of steel, copper, aluminum, and bronze. Place the sealed tubes in a furnace maintained at about 175 °C for 14 days to test for stability. The results were as follows: Appearance of lubricant - yellow to brown TAN -> 2 mg KOH / g R-23 -> 1 wt% Appearance of lubricant - yellow to brown TAN -> 2 mg KOH / g R-23 -> 1 wt%

[0305] Example 10 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant Repeat the test of Comparative Example 1, except add 2 wt% of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. Report the results (designated as E10) together with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (designated as CE1) in Table 10 below. Repeat the test of Comparative Example 1, except add 2 wt% of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. Report the results (designated as E10) together with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (designated as CE1) in Table 10 below. Repeat the test of Comparative Example 1, except add 2 wt% of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. Report the results (designated as E10) together with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (designated as CE1) in Table 10 below.

[0306]

Table 13

[0307] As can be seen from the above data, the refrigerant / lubricant fluid without the alkylnaphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention does not have an ideal appearance and exhibits relatively high TAN and R-23 values. This result is achieved despite the inclusion of the BHT stabilizer. In contrast, the addition of 2% of alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention results in a dramatic This result is achieved despite the inclusion of the BHT stabilizer. In contrast, the addition of 2% of alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention results in a dramatic This result is achieved despite the inclusion of the BHT stabilizer. In contrast, the addition of 2% of alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention results in a dramatic Dramatic and unexpected improvements are seen in all tested stability results, including order-of-magnitude improvements. resulting in

[0308] Example 11 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Compositions Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant Repeat the tests of Example 10, except add 4 wt% alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. The results are the same as those of Example 10.

[0309] Example 12 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Compositions Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant Repeat the tests of Example 10, except add 6 wt% alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. The results are the same as those of Example 10.

[0310] Example 13 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Compositions Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant Repeat the tests of Example 10, except add 8 wt% alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. The results are the same as those of Example 10.

[0311] Example 14 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Compositions Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant Repeat the tests of Comparative Example 1, except add 10 wt% alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. Report the results (denoted as E14) along with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (denoted as CE1) and Example 10 (denoted as E10) in Table 11 below.

[0312]

Table 14

[0313] As can be seen from the above data, containing 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizer (and In addition, the refrigerant / lubricant fluid (without ADM) unexpectedly exhibits a substantial deterioration in stabilization performance with respect to each of the tested criteria compared to the fluid having a 2% AN level.

[0314] Example 15 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Compositions Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant In addition to 10 wt% of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant added except that 1000 wt ppm (0.1 wt%) of ADM (ADM4) is also added, repeat the test of Example 14. The results (designated as E15) are presented together with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (designated as CE1) , Example 10 (designated as E10), and Example 14 (designated as E14) in Table 12 below.

[0315]

Table 15

[0316] As can be seen from the above data, the refrigerant / lubricant fluid containing 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizer and 0.1 wt% (1000 ppm) of ADM unexpectedly exhibits the best performance, and the R-23 value is even better than the excellent results obtained from Example 10.

[0317] Example 16 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Compositions Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant Repeat the test of Example 15 except that the lubricant is ISO 74 POE (Lubricant B) having a viscosity of about 74 cSt at 40 °C and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The results were as follows: Appearance of lubricant - transparent to slightly yellow TAN - < 0.1 mg KOH / g R-23 - < 0.05 wt%

[0318] Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant The lubricant has a viscosity of about 68 cSt at 40 °C and a water content of 300 ppm or less Repeat the test of Example 15, except that it is ISO 68 PVE (lubricant c). The results were as follows: Appearance of lubricant - Transparent and clear TAN - < 0.1 mg KOH / g R-23 - 0.028 wt%

[0319] Example 18 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant The lubricant has a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40 °C and a water content of 300 ppm or less Repeat the test of Example 15, except that it was ISO 32 PVE (lubricant c). The results were the same as those of Example 17.

[0320] Example 19 - Miscibility with POE Oil Test the miscibility of ISO POE-32 oil (having a viscosity of about 32 cSt at a temperature of 40 °C) with R-410A refrigerant and also with each of refrigerant A1 and A3 shown in Table 1 of Example 1 above at various weight ratios of lubricant and refrigerant and at various temperatures. Report the results of this test in Table 11 below.

[0321]

Table 16

[0322] As can be seen from the above table, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil at temperatures below about -22 °C and therefore, without taking measures to overcome the accumulation of POE oil in the evaporator, R-41 0A cannot be used in low-temperature refrigeration applications. Furthermore, R-410A is PO above 50 °C It is immiscible with E oil, which causes problems in the condenser and liquid delivery line when using R-410A under high ambient conditions (e.g., trapped and accumulated separated POE oil). On the contrary, the applicants surprisingly and unexpectedly found that the refrigerant of the present invention is completely miscible with POE oil over a temperature range of -40°C to 80°C, and thus provides substantial and unexpected advantages when used in such a system.

[0323] Numbered Embodiments The present invention is further illustrated by the following numbered embodiments. The subject matter of the numbered embodiments may be further combined with one or more of the subject matter of this specification or claims.

[0324] Numbered Embodiment 1. A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a

[0325] polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer comprises alkylated naphthalene, a heat transfer composition.

[0326] Numbered Embodiment 2. The heat transfer composition according to The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 1, which is present in the composition.

[0327] Numbered embodiment 4. The alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to less than 8%. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 1, which is present in the composition.

[0328] Numbered embodiment 5. The alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to less than 6%. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 1, which is present in the composition.

[0329] Numbered embodiment 6. The alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to less than 5%. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 1, which is present in the composition.

[0330] Numbered embodiment 7. The refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages, the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 6 : 41 wt% ± 1 wt% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5 wt% ± 0.5 wt% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0331] Numbered embodiment 8. The alkylated naphthalene is AN1, or AN2, or AN 3, or AN4, or AN5, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, or AN10, the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 7.

[0332] Numbered embodiment 9. The alkylated naphthalene contains AN5, the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 8.

[0333] Numbered Embodiment 10. The alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 8. Numbered Embodiment 11. The alkylated naphthalene consists of AN5, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 8.

[0334] Numbered Embodiment 12. The alkylated naphthalene contains AN10, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 8. Numbered Embodiment 13. The alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN10, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 8.

[0335] Numbered Embodiment 14. The alkylated naphthalene consists of AN10, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 8. Numbered Embodiment 15. The stabilizer further contains ADM, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 14.

[0336] Numbered Embodiment 16. The ADM contains ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 15. Numbered Embodiment 17. The ADM consists essentially of ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 15.

[0337] Numbered Embodiment 18. The ADM naphthalene consists of ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 15. Numbered Embodiment 19. The ADM naphthalene consists of ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 15.

[0338] Numbered Embodiment 20. The stabilizer further contains ADM, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 19. Numbered Embodiment 21. The ADM contains ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 20.

[0339] Numbered Embodiment 22. The ADM consists essentially of ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 21. Numbered Embodiment 23. The ADM naphthalene consists of ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 22.

[0340] Numbered Embodiment 24. The ADM naphthalene consists of ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 23. Numbered Embodiment 25. The stabilizer further contains ADM, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 24.

[0341] Numbered Embodiment 26. The ADM contains ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 25. Numbered Embodiment 27. The ADM consists essentially of ADM4, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 26.

[0342] Numbered Embodiment 19. The stabilizer is selected from Stabilizer 1, Stabilizer 2, Stabilizer 3, Stabilizer 4, Stabilizer 5, Stabilizer 6, Stabilizer 7, Stabilizer 8, Stabilizer 9, Stabilizer 10, Stabilizer 11, Stabilizer 12, Stabilizer 13, Stabilizer 14, Stabilizer 15, Stabilizer 16, Stabilizer 17, Stabilizer 18, Sta bilizer 19, Stabilizer 20, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 9.

[0343] Numbered Embodiment 20. The lubricant contains POE, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 19.

[0344] Numbered Embodiment 21. The lubricant consists essentially of POE, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 19.

[0345] Numbered Embodiment 22. The lubricant consists of POE, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 19.

[0346] Numbered Embodiment 23. The lubricant contains Lubricant 1, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 22.

[0347] Numbered Embodiment 24. The lubricant consists essentially of Lubricant 1, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 22.

[0348] Numbered Embodiment 25. The lubricant consists of Lubricant 1, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 2 2.

[0349] Numbered Embodiment 26. The lubricant contains PVE, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 19.

[0350] Numbered Embodiment 27. The lubricant consists essentially of PVE, numbered embodiment The heat transfer composition according to any one of 1 to 19.

[0351] Numbered Embodiment 28. The lubricant consists of PVE, numbered embodiments 1 to 19 The heat transfer composition according to any one of the above.

[0352] Numbered Embodiment 29. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 28, further comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear additives.

[0353] Numbered Embodiment 30. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

[0354] Numbered Embodiment 31. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phosphorus compound and / or a nitrogen compound.

[0355] Numbered Embodiment 32. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00 7A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-0105, KR-019, and KR-005 FG, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 8 and 15 to 31 as described above.

[0356] Numbered Embodiment 33. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00 7A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG, and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 8 and 15 to 31 as described above.

[0357] Numbered Embodiment 34. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00 8, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 33.

[0358] Numbered Embodiment 35. The stabilizer contains a phenolic compound selected from the following and is the heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 1 to 34: 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t ert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) ol) containing 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol derivatives; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidene bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6- dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2 ,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4, 4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis ol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2 di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2 tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2 ,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4, 4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis (3-Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl- 6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert -butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy benzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra- tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and t-butylhydroquinone.

[0359] Numbered Embodiment 36. The heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 30 to 34, wherein the stabilizer contains BHT.

[0360] Numbered Embodiment 37. The heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 30 to 34, wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT.

[0361] Numbered Embodiment 38. The heat transfer composition according to any one of Numbered Embodiments 30 to 34, wherein the phenol consists of BHT.

[0362] Numbered Embodiment 39. The phenol is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0001 wt% % to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably 0. 01 wt% to about 1 wt%, and the weight percentage refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition, the heat transfer composition according to Numbered Embodiments 30 to 35.

[0363] Numbered Embodiment 40. The phenol is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0001 wt% % to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 4 wt%, more preferably 1 wt% to 4 wt%, and the weight percentage refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition, the heat transfer composition according to the heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition described in numbered embodiments 30 to 35, which is referred to.

[0364] Numbered embodiment 41. A compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device that are in fluid communication with each other and the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 40, a heat transfer system.

[0365] Numbered embodiment 42. Further comprising a metal ion sequestering material, the metal ion sequestering material being , i. copper or a copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. a zeolite molecular sieve containing copper, silver, lead, or a combination thereof, or iv. an anion exchange resin, or v . a water removal material, preferably a water removal molecular sieve, or vi. a combination of two or more of the above The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 41, which comprises a combination.

[0366] Numbered embodiment 43. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 41 and 42, which is a residential air conditioning system, an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system. system.

[0367] Numbered embodiment 44. A cooling method in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, wherein the process is i) condensing a refrigerant, optionally the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 33 and ii) evaporating the refrigerant in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled, and the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of about -40°C to about +10°C. A cooling method. The evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of about -40°C to about +10°C. method.

[0368] Numbered embodiment 45. In a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, A cooling method, wherein the process comprises: i) condensing a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 33, if necessary, a refrigerant and, ii) evaporating the composition, and wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of about -30°C to about 5°C.

[0369] Numbered embodiment 46. Use of a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 33, if necessary, for use in air conditioning of any one of the heat transfer compositions described. .

[0370] Numbered embodiment 47. Such use in air conditioning is selected from use in a residential air conditioning system, an industrial air conditioning system, a commercial air conditioning system, or a rooftop system, a commercial air conditioning system that is a variable refrigerant flow system, or a commercial air conditioning system that is a cooler system, or a transport air conditioning system, or a stationary air conditioning system, the use according to numbered embodiment 46.

[0371] Numbered embodiment 48. Use of a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 33, if necessary, for use in a mobile heat pump, or a volumetric cooler, an air-cooled or water cooled direct expansion cooler, or a residential heat pump, a residential air-water heat pump / water circulation system, or a commercial air source, water source, or geothermal source heat pump system, or a refrigeration system, a low-temperature refrigeration system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system, or a commercial refrigerator, or a commercial freezer, or an ice cream machine, or a transport refrigeration system, or a household refrigerator, or a household refrigerator, or an industrial freezer, or an industrial freezer, or for use in a cooler of any one of the heat transfer compositions described in any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 33, if necessary. ​

[0372] Numbered Embodiment 49. Use of the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 46, wherein the use in air conditioning is selected from the use in a reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary vane) or scroll compressor-equipped residential air conditioning system, or a split-type residential air conditioning system, or a ducted residential air conditioning system, or a window residential air conditioning system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system. or a split-type residential air conditioning system, or a ducted residential air conditioning system, or a window residential air conditioning system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system. system, or a window residential air conditioning system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system.

[0373] Numbered Embodiment 50. Use of the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 33 for use as a replacement for R410A. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system.

[0374] Numbered Embodiment 51. A method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains an R-410A refrigerant or is suitable for use with an R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1 to 33. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system.

[0375] Numbered Embodiment 52. The method according to numbered embodiment 51, wherein the use of the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1 to 33 for replacing R410A does not require modification of the condenser, evaporator, and / or expansion valve in the heat transfer system. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system. system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system.

[0376] Numbered Embodiment 53. The use of the heat transfer composition according to embodiments 1 to 33 is in a chiller system, or a residential air conditioning system, or an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system that is a rooftop system, or a commercial air conditioning system that is a variable refrigerant flow system. system, or a residential air conditioning system, or an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system that is a rooftop system, or a commercial air conditioning system that is a variable refrigerant flow system. system, or a residential air conditioning system, or an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system that is a rooftop system, or a commercial air conditioning system that is a variable refrigerant flow system. An alternative to R-410A in a commercial air conditioning system that is an air conditioning system or a chiller system The method according to numbered embodiment 51, provided as such.

[0377] Numbered embodiment 54. A method according to numbered embodiments 51-53, comprising removing at least about 5% by weight of R-410A from the system and replacing it with the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1-33. The present invention includes the following aspects. [1] A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, and each compound is present in the following relative percentages: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I)、 The lubricant includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant, a heat transfer composition. [2] The heat transfer composition according to [1], wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. [3] The heat transfer composition according to [1], wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. [4] The heat transfer composition according to [1], wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. [5] The heat transfer composition according to [4], wherein the lubricant is a PVE lubricant. [6] The heat transfer composition according to [4], wherein the stabilizer further includes an acid removal moiety (ADM). [7] The heat transfer composition according to [6], wherein the stabilizer includes about 40% to about 99.9% by weight of alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% to about 50% by weight of ADM based on the weight of the stabilizer. [8] The heat transfer composition according to [7], wherein the alkylated naphthalene includes AN5. [9] The heat transfer composition according to [8], wherein the alkylated naphthalene includes AN10.

[10] The heat transfer composition according to [9], wherein the stabilizer further includes phenol.

[11] The heat transfer composition according to

[10] , wherein the phenol includes BHT and the ADM includes ADM4.

[12] The heat transfer composition according to

[11] , wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4.

[13] The heat transfer composition according to

[10] , wherein the lubricant is POE.

[14] The heat transfer composition according to

[10] , wherein the lubricant is neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40 °C measured according to ASTM D445 of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt and a viscosity at 100 °C measured according to ASTM D445 of about 5 cSt to about 10 cSt.

[15] The heat transfer composition according to

[10] , wherein the lubricant is neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40 °C measured according to ASTM D445 of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt.

Claims

1. A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 39 to 45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51 to 57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ３ I), wherein the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. A heat transfer composition.

2. The heat transfer composition according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 41% by weight ± 1% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5% by weight ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% by weight ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF₃I).

3. The heat transfer composition according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 41% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF₃I).

4. The heat transfer composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.

5. The heat transfer composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.

6. The heat transfer composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.

7. The heat transfer composition according to claim 6, wherein the lubricant is a PVE lubricant.

8. The heat transfer composition according to claim 6, wherein the lubricant is a POE lubricant.

9. The heat transfer composition according to claim 6, wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid removal moiety (ADM), wherein the ADM is an epoxide or a carbodiimide.

10. The heat transfer composition according to claim 9, wherein the stabilizer comprises 40% to 99.9% by weight of alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% to 50% by weight of ADM based on the weight of the stabilizer.

11. The heat transfer composition according to claim 10, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5.

12. The heat transfer composition according to claim 11, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10.

13. The heat transfer composition according to claim 12, wherein the stabilizer further comprises phenol.

14. The heat transfer composition according to claim 13, wherein the phenol comprises BHT and the ADM comprises ADM4, where the ADM4 is 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether.

15. The heat transfer composition according to claim 14, wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4, where the ADM4 is 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether.

16. The heat transfer composition according to claim 15, wherein the lubricant is POE.

17. The heat transfer composition according to claim 15, wherein the lubricant is neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40 °C of 30 cSt to 70 cSt measured according to ASTM D445 and a viscosity at 100 °C of 5 cSt to 10 cSt measured according to ASTM D445.

18. The heat transfer composition according to claim 13, wherein the lubricant is neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40 °C of 30 cSt to 70 cSt measured according to ASTM D445.

19. A heat transfer system comprising a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other, and the heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. The heat transfer system according to claim 19, which is a residential air conditioning system, an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system.

21. The heat transfer system according to claim 20, which is a residential air conditioning system or a commercial air conditioning system.

22. Use of the heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18 for use in air conditioning.

23. The use in air conditioning according to claim 22, wherein the use is selected from the use in a residential air conditioning system, an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system of a rooftop system, or a commercial air conditioning system of a variable refrigerant flow system, or a commercial air conditioning system of a chiller system, or a transportation air conditioning system, or a stationary air conditioning system.

24. The use in air conditioning according to claim 23, wherein the use is selected from the use in a residential air conditioning system equipped with a reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary vane) or scroll compressor, or a split-type residential air conditioning system, or a ducted residential air conditioning system, or a window-type residential air conditioning system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system.

25. A mobile heat pump, or a positive displacement chiller, an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion chiller, or a residential heat pump, a residential air-water heat pump / water circulation system, or a commercial air heat source, water heat source, or geothermal heat source heat pump system, or The use of the heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18 for use in a refrigeration system, a low-temperature refrigeration system, or a medium-temperature refrigeration system, or a commercial refrigerator, or a commercial freezer, or an ice maker, or a transportation refrigeration system, or a household refrigerator, or a household refrigerator, or an industrial freezer, or an industrial refrigerator, or a chiller.

26. The use of the heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18 for use as a substitute for R410A.

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