Method and apparatus for gas purification and use

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for purifying a gas, wherein a gas (1) containing at least tar and / or undesired hydrocarbons is fed to a catalytic treatment reactor (2) having at least one catalytic zone (3) containing at least one catalytic element (9) having a catalyst, oxygen gas (4) is fed to and through the catalytic element of the catalytic zone (3) of the catalytic treatment reactor, the gas (1) is arranged to flow into the catalytic zone (3) and is arranged to contact the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst, and a purified gas (5) is discharged from the catalytic treatment reactor (2).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to a method according to claim 1 and an apparatus according to claim 12 for purifying a gas containing impurities. Furthermore, the present application relates to the use of a method according to claim 17. [Background technology]

[0002] The prior art is known to gasify different biomass and waste materials in a gasifier to produce gasification gas. Furthermore, it is known that gasification gas contains impurities such as tar, some hydrocarbons, and other compounds. Furthermore, gas cleaning methods different from the prior art are known. Gasification gas can be cleaned through multiple cleaning processes. However, light hydrocarbons cannot be separated by cleaning. Furthermore, gasification gas can be cleaned by a catalytic reformer, which can convert tar and hydrocarbons into products. However, catalytic reforming requires specific catalysts, such as precious metals or nickel catalysts, and the structure of the reformer is complicated with several different layers and catalysts. Furthermore, gasification gas can be cleaned by pyrolysis, in which unstable tar is decomposed at high temperatures. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbon black are formed during catalytic reforming and pyrolysis. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The object is to solve the above problems. A further object is to disclose a new type of method and apparatus for purifying gases such as synthesis gas. A further object is to remove tars and unwanted hydrocarbons from the gas. A further object is to disclose a new type of method and apparatus for processing synthesis gas. A further object is to improve the quality of synthesis gas. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The methods and devices and uses are characterized by what is presented in the claims.

[0005] In this method and apparatus, a gas containing at least tar and / or undesired hydrocarbons is treated in a catalytic treatment reactor containing a catalytic zone.

[0006] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a flowchart diagram of a process according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a flowchart diagram of a process according to another embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a flowchart diagram of a process according to another embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 illustrates a catalytic element according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] In a method for purifying a gas, such as synthesis gas, a gas (1) containing at least tar and / or undesired hydrocarbons as impurities is fed to a catalytic treatment reactor (2) including at least one catalytic zone (3) containing at least one catalytic element having a catalyst. Oxygen gas (4) is fed to the catalytic element in the catalytic zone (3) within the catalytic treatment reactor, passing through the catalytic element. The gas (1) is arranged to flow through the catalytic zone (3) and is arranged to contact the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst within the catalytic zone, where the gas reacts with the oxygen gas by partial oxidation over the catalyst to produce a purified gas (5). The purified gas (5) is discharged from the catalytic treatment reactor. In one embodiment, the oxygen gas is fed to the center of the catalytic element and configured to flow from the center to the surface of the element.

[0009] The apparatus for purifying gas comprises at least one catalytic treatment reactor (2) to which gas (1) containing at least tar and / or undesired hydrocarbons as impurities is supplied. The catalytic treatment reactor (2) comprises at least one catalytic zone (3) containing at least one catalytic element having a catalyst. The apparatus further comprises at least one supply device for supplying oxygen gas (4) to the catalytic element of the catalytic zone (3) in the catalytic treatment reactor and for supplying the oxygen gas through the catalytic element. In the reactor (2), the gas (1) is arranged to flow into the catalytic zone (3) and contact the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst in the catalytic zone to form a purified gas. In one embodiment, the supply device is arranged to supply oxygen gas to the center of the catalytic element, such that the oxygen gas flows from the center of the catalytic element to the surface of the element.

[0010] One embodiment of the method and apparatus is shown in Figure 1. Other method and apparatus examples are shown in Figures 2 and 3. One embodiment of the catalytic elements of the catalytic zone is shown in Figure 4.

[0011] In this context, gas (1) refers to any gas, such as synthesis gas, gasification gas, coke oven gas, or other gas, containing at least tar and / or undesirable hydrocarbons, such as heavy and / or light hydrocarbons, as impurities. The gas may be composed of one or more primary components. The gas may be primarily composed of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and / or hydrogen. Additionally, the gas may also contain other components, such as inerts, dust, particulate matter, and / or water. Additionally, the gas may contain other impurities. In one embodiment, the method removes at least tar. In one embodiment, the method removes at least undesirable hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, and / or phenol. In one embodiment, the gas is a stream from a gasifier.

[0012] In this context, oxygen gas (4) refers to any oxygen-containing gas, such as a reactant gas, that contains oxygen. The oxygen gas may be composed of one or more main components. In one embodiment, the oxygen gas comprises air. In one embodiment, the oxygen gas comprises oxygen and water vapor. In one embodiment, the oxygen gas comprises oxygen and carbon dioxide. In one embodiment, the oxygen gas comprises oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. In one embodiment, the oxygen gas is used as a reactant in the catalytic treatment reactor (2).

[0013] In one embodiment, the catalyst is selected from a zirconium-based material such as zirconium oxide, or a calcium-containing material such as dolomite, or a material containing a metal such as nickel or a precious metal. Alternatively, any suitable catalyst can be used as the catalyst.

[0014] In one embodiment, the catalytic treatment reactor (2) contains one catalytic zone (3). In one embodiment, the catalytic treatment reactor contains two or more catalytic zones (3).

[0015] In one embodiment, the catalytic zone (3) comprises one catalytic element. In one embodiment, the catalytic zone (3) comprises two or more catalytic elements. In one embodiment, the catalytic element comprises one or more catalysts. In one embodiment, the catalytic element comprises a catalyst bed or layer to which the gas feed can be fed. In one embodiment, the catalytic element comprises at least one catalyst on a surface of the catalytic element, and the gas feed can be configured to flow across or to the side of the catalytic element.

[0016] In one embodiment, the catalyst is formed particles. In one embodiment, a catalyst bed or layer is formed from the catalyst particles. In one embodiment, the catalyst is disposed as a coating on a desired substrate, such as a carrier surface, to form a catalytic surface. In one embodiment, the substrate can be the surface of a plate, pipe, tube, or the like. In one embodiment, the catalyst is disposed as a coating on a metal substrate, and the metal can be any metal, such as steel, aluminum, other metals, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the catalyst is disposed as a coating on a ceramic substrate. In one embodiment, the catalyst is disposed as a coating on a substrate, such as a washcoat on a metal or ceramic surface. In one embodiment, a catalytic element is formed from a coated element coated with the catalyst. In one embodiment, the surface of the catalytic element, e.g., the inner and / or outer surface of the element, is formed from a catalytic surface. In one embodiment, the catalytic element is formed from the catalyst or catalyst particles. In one embodiment, the catalytic element is filled with the catalyst.

[0017] In one embodiment, the catalytic element (9) comprises a distribution tube (10) for supplying oxygen gas, a catalyst (11) packed around the distribution tube, and a perforated support structure (12) surrounding the distribution tube (10) and the catalyst (11). In one embodiment, oxygen gas (4) is injected into the center of the catalytic element (9) through the distribution tube (10), which may be a perforated tube or a tube with multiple nozzle holes. In one embodiment, granular catalyst particles of the catalyst (11) are packed around the oxygen distribution tube to form a catalyst layer. In one embodiment, oxygen gas (4) is injected into the center of the catalytic element (9) through the distribution tube (10), and the oxygen gas flows from the center of the catalytic element through the catalyst layer, encountering gas (1) on the catalyst surface or within the pores of the catalyst of the catalyst layer.

[0018] In one embodiment, the catalytic zone (3) is located in a desired portion of the catalytic processing reactor (2).

[0019] In this context, catalytic treatment reactor (2) refers to any reactor that includes at least one catalytic zone. The catalytic treatment reactor (2) can be a separate unit or part of another unit, for example, part of a gasifier, the first part of a pyrolysis unit, part of a reformer, or a pre-reformer. In one embodiment, the catalytic reactor is the top of the gasifier, for example, a fixed-bed gasifier. In one embodiment, the catalytic treatment reactor is located before the filtration unit. In one embodiment, the catalytic treatment reactor (2) is a tube reactor or a tubular reactor.

[0020] The supply device for supplying oxygen gas (4) to the catalytic treatment reactor (2) can be any supply device, appliance, or other suitable device. In one embodiment, the supply device can be selected from the group including compressors, preheating units, injection devices, injectors, distributors, splitters, tubes, pipes, other suitable supply devices, and combinations thereof.

[0021] In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises at least one oxygen gas supply inlet for supplying oxygen gas (4) to the catalytic zone (3) and the catalytic elements. In one embodiment, oxygen gas (4) is supplied to the catalytic elements of the catalytic zone (3) by one oxygen gas supply inlet. In one embodiment, oxygen gas is supplied to the catalytic zone by at least two oxygen gas supply inlets. In one embodiment, oxygen gas is supplied to at least two catalytic zones by at least two oxygen gas supply inlets. Oxygen gas is always supplied to the catalytic elements of the catalytic treatment reactor (2), preferably through the catalyst. In one embodiment, oxygen gas is supplied to a catalyst bed or layer of catalytic elements.

[0022] In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises at least one gas feed inlet for feeding gas (1) to a catalytic treatment reactor (2). In one embodiment, gas (1) is fed into a space outside the catalytic zone of the catalytic treatment reactor (2). In one embodiment, the gas feed inlet is located before the catalytic zone (3) of the catalytic treatment reactor (2). In one embodiment, gas (1) is fed into the catalytic zone (3) of the catalytic treatment reactor. Gas (1) is preferably not fed into the catalytic treatment reactor at the same feed point as oxygen gas, and is not fed together with oxygen gas.

[0023] In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises at least one outlet for discharging the purified gas (5) from the catalytic treatment reactor (2).

[0024] The oxygen gas supply inlet and the gas supply inlet may be any suitable inlet known per se, such as a pipe, a port, etc. The outlet may be any suitable outlet known per se, such as a pipe, an outlet port, etc.

[0025] In one embodiment, the temperature of the gas (1) is about 300°C to 900°C, in one embodiment, 300°C to 800°C, and in one embodiment, 300°C to 600°C when the gas is fed to the catalytic treatment reactor (2). In one embodiment, the temperature of the purified gas (5) is about 800°C to 1000°C when the purified gas is discharged from the catalytic treatment reactor (2). In the catalytic treatment reactor, oxygen gas (4) is supplied from a catalyst and brought into contact with the gas (1), thereby heating the gas (1) and increasing the temperature of the gas (1). In one embodiment, the temperature level of the gas can be increased in stages or by gradually increasing the gas temperature to the reaction temperature. Furthermore, carbon black is not produced.

[0026] The purified gas (5) is produced in the catalytic treatment reactor (2). In one embodiment, the tar content and / or undesired hydrocarbon content of the gas can be reduced during the reaction. In one embodiment, 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more of the tar can be cracked or converted during the reaction. In one embodiment, the tar content of the purified gas (5) is less than 10 g / m 3 In one embodiment, it is less than 5 g / m 3 In one embodiment, it is less than 2 g / m 3 In one embodiment, more than 60 wt.%, preferably more than 70 wt.%, more preferably more than 80 wt.% of the undesired hydrocarbons may be cracked or converted during the reaction.

[0027] In one embodiment, the purified gas (5) is treated after the catalytic treatment reactor (2), post-treated, or fed to a subsequent process or process step. In one embodiment, the purified gas is filtered. In one embodiment, the purified gas can be fed to a desired treatment process, for example, to form hydrocarbons.

[0028] In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises two or more catalytic processing reactors (2). In one embodiment, at least two or more reactors are arranged in parallel. In one embodiment, at least two or more reactors are arranged in series.

[0029] In one embodiment, the gas is further treated by thermal treatment, for example, pyrolysis in a thermal treatment zone (7) after the catalytic zone (3), where the gas is treated in the thermal treatment at a temperature of 1000°C to 1300°C. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a thermal treatment zone (7), for example, pyrolysis after the catalytic zone, where the gas is further treated by thermal treatment in the thermal treatment zone at a temperature of 1000°C to 1300°C. In one embodiment, additional oxygen gas (6) is supplied before or to the thermal treatment zone (7).

[0030] In one embodiment, the method is based on a continuous process. In one embodiment, the apparatus is a continuous apparatus. In one embodiment, the method is based on a batch process. In one embodiment, the apparatus is a batch apparatus.

[0031] In one embodiment, the methods and apparatus may be used and utilized in gas purification, syngas production, syngas purification, hydrocarbon production, fuel production, or combinations thereof.

[0032] Thanks to the present invention, gases such as synthesis gas can be purified, and tars and / or undesired hydrocarbons, such as benzene, can be decomposed or converted simply and effectively. The purified gas can then be filtered without any problems. Furthermore, no post-treatment is required to remove tars. Furthermore, the temperature of the gas can be increased without the risk of soot generation.

[0033] The method and apparatus provide the possibility of producing purified gas streams and provide products with good properties easily and in an energy- and cost-effective manner, for example with a reduced amount of catalyst compared to prior art reformers. The present invention provides an industrially applicable, simple, and affordable method for treating gases containing impurities. The method and apparatus are simple and easy to implement in the context of manufacturing processes.

[0034] Example 1 FIG. 1 illustrates a method and apparatus for purifying a gas, such as synthesis gas, that contains undesirable hydrocarbons, such as tar and benzene.

[0035] The apparatus includes a catalytic processing reactor (2) to which a gas (1) containing tar and undesired hydrocarbons is supplied. The catalytic processing reactor (2) includes a catalytic zone (3) having two vertical catalytic elements. Each catalytic element is provided with the same catalyst containing at least one catalytic component. The apparatus further includes at least one supply device for supplying oxygen gas (4) to the catalytic zone via a splitter. The oxygen gas is supplied through the catalytic elements of the catalytic zone. In the reactor (2), the gas (1) is configured to flow into the catalytic zone (3) and contact the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst in the catalytic zone. The gas then reacts with the oxygen gas by catalytic partial oxidation of the catalytic elements. A purified gas (5) is generated during the reaction and discharged from the reactor (2).

[0036] Example 2 FIG. 2 illustrates a method and apparatus for purifying a gas, such as synthesis gas, that contains undesirable hydrocarbons, such as tar and benzene.

[0037] The apparatus includes a catalytic treatment reactor (2) to which a gas (1) containing tar and undesired hydrocarbons is supplied. The catalytic treatment reactor (2) includes a catalytic zone (3) having two vertical catalytic elements. Each catalytic element is provided with the same catalyst containing at least one catalytic component. The apparatus further includes at least one supply device for supplying oxygen gas (4) to the catalytic zone via a splitter. The oxygen gas is supplied through the catalytic elements of the catalytic zone. In the reactor (2), the gas (1) is configured to flow into the catalytic zone (3) and contact the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst in the catalytic zone. The gas then reacts with the oxygen gas through catalytic partial oxidation of the catalytic elements. The temperature of the catalytic zone is approximately 800°C to 1000°C.

[0038] Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a thermal treatment zone (7), such as pyrolysis, in which the gas is further treated by thermal treatment at temperatures of about 1000° C. to 1300° C. Additional oxygen gas (6) is fed before the thermal treatment zone (7).

[0039] A purified gas (5) is produced during the reactions in the catalytic zone (3) and the heat treatment zone (7) and is discharged from the reactor (2).

[0040] Example 3 FIG. 3 illustrates a method and apparatus for purifying a gas, such as a gasification gas, that contains undesirable hydrocarbons, such as tar and benzene.

[0041] This apparatus is a combination of a fixed-bed gasifier (8) and a catalytic treatment reactor (2). The catalytic treatment reactor is part of the fixed-bed gasifier. A gasification gas (1) containing tar and undesired hydrocarbons is supplied from the gasification section of the gasifier (8) to the catalytic treatment reactor (2). The catalytic treatment reactor (2) includes a catalytic zone (3) having three horizontal catalytic elements, which may be the elements shown in FIG. 4. Each catalytic element contains the same catalyst containing at least one catalytic component. The apparatus further includes at least one supply device for supplying oxygen gas (4) to the catalytic zone via a splitter. The oxygen gas is supplied to the catalytic elements, passing through the catalytic elements and configured to flow from the center of the catalytic elements to the surface of the elements. In the catalytic treatment reactor (2), the gas (1) is configured to flow into the catalytic zone (3) and contact the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst of the catalytic elements in the catalytic zone. The gas then reacts with oxygen gas by catalytic partial oxidation in and / or over a catalytic element, producing purified gas (5) during the reaction, which is discharged from the reactor (2).

[0042] Example 4 In this example, a gasification gas (1) containing tar and undesired hydrocarbons is fed to a catalytic treatment reactor (2). The catalytic treatment reactor (2) comprises a catalytic zone (3) with horizontal catalytic elements (9). Figure 4 shows one of the catalytic elements for purifying the gasification gas.

[0043] Oxygen-containing gas (4) is injected into the center of the catalyst element (9) through a distribution pipe (10), which can be a perforated pipe or a pipe with multiple nozzle holes. Granular catalyst particles (11) are packed around the oxygen distribution pipe to form a catalyst layer, and the entire structure is built inside a perforated support structure (12). The oxygen-containing gas flows from the central pipe through the catalyst layer, encountering gasification gas components already in the catalyst layer, on the catalyst surface, or in the catalyst pores. In this way, oxidation reactions occur without soot formation, the temperature of the gasification gas increases, and the tar content is reduced through the combined effects of thermal and catalytic reactions. Multiple catalyst elements are arranged to optimally cover the cross-sectional area, ensuring sufficient contact between the gas and the catalyst without generating high pressure drops. Subsequent catalyst elements can be used to increase the temperature in multiple stages and improve tar decomposition.

[0044] Example 5 In this example, the gasification gas (1) was purified in a separate catalytic treatment reactor (2) according to Example 1.

[0045] The catalytic reactor was placed after two separation devices, i.e., a cyclone and a filter after the gasifier, which separated dust and particles from the gas. The catalytic reactor was a tubular reactor with vertical catalytic elements. Oxygen gas containing oxygen and nitrogen was fed into the center of the catalytic elements and allowed to flow from the center to the surface of the elements. The catalytic elements were made of granular porous catalyst particles supported by a stainless steel structure. The catalytic oxidation reaction occurred within the catalytic elements, and no soot was produced.

[0046] Two tests were performed. In Test A, the gasifier gasification gas contained 5.3 til-% CH4, 1.1 til-% C2H4 and 0.2 til-% C2H6, 8.0 g / m 3 n benzene and 3.8 g / m 3 Tar (1.1g / m 3 Tar < naphthalene, 1.8g / m 3 Naphthalene, 0.9 g / m 3The purified gas after the catalytic treatment reactor contained 2.7 t / l CH4, 0.3 t / l C2H4 and 0.07 t / l C2H6, 4.1 g / m 3 n benzene and 1.0 g / m 3 Tar (0.2g / m 3 Tar < naphthalene, 0.7g / m 3 Naphthalene and 0.1g / m 3 The temperature of the gasification gas when fed to the catalytic treatment reactor was 570°C, and the temperature of the purified gas was 850°C.

[0047] In Test B, a higher fuel-to-steam ratio was used to feed the gasifier. Therefore, the gasification gas had a higher hydrocarbon and tar content. In Test B, the gasification gas from the gasifier contained 6.8 til-% CH 4、 1.4til-%C2H4 and 0.3til-%C2H 6、 and 8.3 g / m 3 n benzene and 10.4 g / m 3 Tar (4.8g / m 3 Tar < naphthalene, 2.1g / m 3 Naphthalene and 3.5g / m 3 The purified gas after the catalytic treatment reactor contained 3.2 til-% CH 4、 0.3til-%C2H4 and 0.09til-%C2H 6、 4.2g / m 3 n benzene and 2.3 g / m 3 Tar (0.8g / m 3 Tar < naphthalene, 0.9g / m 3 Naphthalene and 0.6g / m 3 The temperature of the gasification gas when fed to the catalytic reactor was 570°C, and the temperature of the purified gas was 860°C.

[0048] Tests showed that tar and undesirable hydrocarbons, such as ethylene and benzene, were effectively decomposed during the catalytic reactor reaction. For example, 83-89% of heavy tar and 73-79% of ethylene were decomposed during the catalytic reactor reaction. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the purified gas contained no carbon black or particles. Furthermore, it was observed that the equipment surface was clean after the test.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] In this example, gasification gas (1) was purified according to Example 3. The process was tested in a pilot-scale combination including a pressurized fixed-bed gasifier and a catalytic treatment reactor. The catalytic treatment reactor, as shown in Figure 4, contained four horizontal catalytic elements (9). The lower part of the gasifier operated as a countercurrent fixed-bed reactor, with primary oxygen, steam, and carbon dioxide fed to the bottom of the fixed bed, and biomass fed to the top of the bed, from where it flowed downward through the drying, pyrolysis, gasification, and oxidation zones. The resulting feed gas, typically containing approximately 50–100 g / m³ of tar, left the primary gasification stage at temperatures between 200 and 600 °C. This tar-containing feed gas was gradually heated to 800–900 °C in the catalytic treatment, which decomposed most of the tar without the soot generation problems inherent in conventional processes. Four one-week tests were conducted using wood chips and pellets made from pine sawdust, bark, forest residues, and sunflower husks. The system worked successfully with all the feedstocks tested, filtering the generated gas from dust particles without blocking the filter with tar or soot, and reforming residual tar and hydrocarbon gases in a state-of-the-art catalytic reforming process. The gas slipstream was further cleaned to sub-ppm levels of contaminants and used as feed gas for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

[0051] Two examples of test results are shown below.

[0052] In Test A, wood chips were fed at a rate of 14.2 g / s, and the feed gas exited the primary gasification zone at a temperature of 580°C. The gasifier was operated at a pressure of 2.5 bar. Oxygen-containing gas was fed to a four-stage catalyst element, and the temperature was increased to 862°C. The catalyst element consisted of ceramic catalyst pellets containing zirconia and small amounts of precious metals. The same catalyst was used throughout the four-week test period, and no loss of activity or blocking due to soot or dust was observed. Dry gas analysis after catalyst treatment showed 14.7% CO, 20.3% H, 34.4% CO, 5.8% CH, 0.7% C2-hydrocarbon gases, and 24.2% N. The benzene content was 6.0 g / m³, and the total tar content was 1.7 g / m³. The gas was passed through a gas cooler and then passed to a filter unit where it was filtered at a temperature of 503°C and a stable pressure drop of 89 mbar. The subsequent gas scrubbing unit, gas compressor, and FT synthesis all operated without any problems.

[0053] In Test B, bark pellets were used as the feedstock. The feed rate was 13.5 g / s, and the operating pressure was 2.5 bar. The feedstock gas temperature was 446 °C before the catalyst element and 862 °C after the catalyst element. Dry gas analysis after catalytic treatment showed 16.3% CO, 7.6% H, 31.9% CO, 6.2% CH, 0.9% C2-hydrocarbon gases, and 7.0% N. The benzene content was 9.5 g / m³, and the total tar content was 6.4 g / m³. This feedstock had a higher sulfur content than wood chips (Test A), which reduced the catalytic reforming activity. However, the gas was successfully filtered at a temperature of 529 °C and a stable pressure drop of 97 mbar. The subsequent gas scrubber, gas compressor, and FT synthesis all operated without problems.

[0054] Tests 1 and 2 were performed with a tar concentration of 50 to 100 g / m 3 n level of approximately 2 to 6 g / m 3 This was low enough that an additional gas scrubber could be used to scrub the feed gas of the fixed-bed gasifier.

[0055] The gasifiers, reactors, feeders and outlet devices of the processes used in these examples are known per se in the art and therefore will not be described in further detail in this context.

[0056] The method and apparatus are suitable in different embodiments for purifying gases such as synthesis gas and for forming purified gases.

[0057] The invention is not limited solely to the examples described above, but instead many variations are possible within the scope of the inventive idea as defined by the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0058] 1. Gas 2. Catalytic Processing Reactor 3. Catalytic Zone 4. Oxygen gas 5. Purified Gas 6. Additional oxygen gas 7 Heat Treatment Zone 8 Fixed Bed Gasifier 9 Catalytic Elements 10 minute plumbing 11 Catalyst 12 Perforated support structure

Claims

1. 1. A method for purifying a gas, comprising: A gas (1) containing at least tar and / or undesired hydrocarbons is fed to a catalytic treatment reactor (2) having at least one catalytic zone (3) containing at least one catalytic element (9), said catalytic element (9) comprising a distribution pipe (10) and a perforated support structure (12), said catalytic element (9) being filled with a catalyst (11) comprising granular catalyst particles, said catalyst (11) being packed around said distribution pipe (10) to form a catalyst layer, said distribution pipe (10) and said catalyst (11) being surrounded by said perforated support structure (12), Oxygen gas (4) is supplied to and through the catalytic elements of the catalytic zone (3) of the catalytic treatment reactor, and the oxygen gas (4) is supplied to the center of the catalytic elements (9) through the distribution pipe (10) and arranged to flow from the center of the catalytic elements through the catalyst layer to the surface of the catalytic elements; The gas (1) is arranged to flow through the catalytic zone (3) and to contact the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst, and the gas (1) reacts with the oxygen gas (4) on the surface of the catalyst of the catalytic element and / or in the pores of the catalyst of the catalytic element; A method characterized in that purified gas (5) is discharged from said catalytic treatment reactor (2).

2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalytic zone (3) comprises two or more catalytic elements.

3. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the catalytic treatment reactor (2) comprises two or more catalytic zones (3).

4. The gas (1) is fed into the catalytic zone (3) of the catalytic treatment reactor (2). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that

5. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas is further treated by heat treatment in a heat treatment zone (7) after the catalytic zone (3), the gas being treated in the heat treatment at a temperature of 1000°C to 1300°C.

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the purified gas (5) is treated after the catalytic treatment reactor (2).

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the purified gas (5) is filtered.

8. 1. An apparatus for purifying a gas, said apparatus comprising: at least one catalytic treatment reactor (2) to which a gas (1) containing at least tar and / or undesired hydrocarbons is fed, the at least one catalytic treatment reactor (2) comprising at least one catalytic zone (3) containing at least one catalytic element (9) having a catalyst, said catalytic element (9) being filled with a catalyst (11) comprising granular catalyst particles; at least one supply device for supplying oxygen gas (4) to and through the catalytic elements of the catalytic zone (3) of the catalytic treatment reactor; Equipped with The catalytic element (9) comprises a distribution pipe (10) for supplying the oxygen gas, a perforated support structure (12), and the catalyst (11), the catalyst (11) being packed around the distribution pipe (10) to form a catalyst layer, and the perforated support structure (12) being arranged to surround the distribution pipe (10) and the catalyst (11); The oxygen gas (4) is supplied to the center of the catalytic element (9) through the distribution pipe (10) and is arranged to flow from the center of the catalytic element through the catalytic layer to the surface of the catalytic element; In the reactor (2), the gas (1) is arranged to flow into the catalytic zone (3) and to come into contact with the oxygen gas (4) and the catalyst, and the gas (1) reacts with the oxygen gas (4) on the surface of the catalyst of the catalytic element and / or in the pores of the catalyst of the catalytic element. An apparatus characterized in that

9. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises two or more catalytic treatment reactors (2).

10. 10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the catalytic treatment reactor (2) comprises two or more catalytic zones (3).

11. 8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method is used in gas purification, synthesis gas production, synthesis gas purification, hydrocarbon production, fuel production, or a combination thereof.

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