Magnetic particle-containing composition, magnetic particle-containing film, and electronic component

Abstract

To provide a magnetic particle-containing composition which enables formation of a magnetic particle-containing film excellent in magnetic permeability, and is excellent in sedimentation stability, a magnetic particle-containing film formed using the magnetic particle-containing composition, and an electronic component containing the magnetic particle-containing film.SOLUTION: A magnetic particle-containing composition contains magnetic particles having a plurality of peak tops Pmax and Pmin in a particle size distribution curve indicating volume-based frequency distribution, a resin, and a solvent.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a magnetic particle-containing composition, a magnetic particle-containing film, and an electronic component. [Background technology]

[0002] In electronic communication devices, etc., electronic components using magnetic materials are used from the viewpoints of noise reduction, improved energy efficiency, etc. Conventionally, a composition containing soft magnetic metal powder and resin is filled into a mold, and the composition is cured to obtain a magnetic composite material. A coil is then wound around the obtained inductor, and the resulting inductor is mounted on a printed wiring board. However, due to the recent demand for miniaturization of electronic components, a method of forming a coil using a conductor pattern on a printed wiring board and providing an inductor inside the printed wiring board is sometimes adopted. In the manufacture of such electronic components such as inductors, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses the use of a paste composition (magnetic particle-containing composition) containing magnetic inorganic particles (magnetic particles), a compound that functions to disperse the magnetic inorganic particles, a resin, and an organic solvent. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-263645 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present inventors, with reference to Patent Document 1, prepared a magnetic particle-containing composition containing magnetic particles, a resin, and a solvent, and found that it may be difficult to achieve both excellent sedimentation stability of the magnetic particles in the magnetic particle-containing composition (i.e., the magnetic particles are less likely to sediment) and excellent magnetic permeability of the magnetic particle-containing film obtained using the magnetic particle-containing composition, and that there is room for improvement.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic particle-containing composition that can form a magnetic particle-containing film with excellent magnetic permeability and excellent sedimentation stability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic particle-containing film formed using the magnetic particle-containing composition, and an electronic component that includes the magnetic particle-containing film. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors discovered that a magnetic particle-containing composition containing magnetic particles having multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve representing a volume-based frequency distribution, a resin, and a solvent has excellent sedimentation stability, and that a magnetic particle-containing film formed using this composition has excellent magnetic permeability, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by the following configuration.

[0007] [1] A magnetic particle-containing composition comprising magnetic particles having multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve representing a volume-based frequency distribution, a resin, and a solvent. [2] When the particle diameter at the peak top Pmin having the smallest particle diameter among the plurality of peak tops in the particle size distribution curve representing the volume-based frequency distribution is defined as Dmin, and the particle diameter at the peak top Pmax having the largest particle diameter is defined as Dmax, The magnetic particle-containing composition according to [1], wherein the ratio of the Dmax to the Dmin is greater than 2. [3] When the particle diameter at the peak top Pmin having the smallest particle diameter among the plurality of peak tops in the particle size distribution curve representing the volume-based frequency distribution is defined as Dmin, The above Dmin is the particle diameter D when the frequency is 20% in the particle size distribution curve that represents the cumulative distribution on a volume basis. 20 The magnetic particle-containing composition according to [1] or [2] above. [4] The magnetic particle-containing composition according to [2] or [3], wherein the Dmin is 1 to 10 μm. [5] The magnetic particle-containing composition according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the magnetic particles have two peak tops. [6] The magnetic particle-containing composition according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the content of the magnetic particles is 60 mass % or more relative to the total mass of the magnetic particle-containing composition. [7] The magnetic particle-containing composition according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the resin has an acid group, a basic group, or an amide group. [8] The magnetic particle-containing composition according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the solubility of the resin in the solvent is 10 g / L or more. [9] A magnetic particle-containing film formed using the magnetic particle-containing composition according to any one of [1] to [8].

[10] An electronic component comprising the magnetic particle-containing film according to [9].

[11] The electronic component according to

[10] , which is used as an inductor.

[12] The electronic component according to

[10] , which is used as an antenna. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to form a magnetic particle-containing film having excellent magnetic permeability and to provide a magnetic particle-containing composition having excellent sedimentation stability. The present invention also provides a magnetic particle-containing film formed using the magnetic particle-containing composition, and an electronic component including the magnetic particle-containing film. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram showing an example of a particle size distribution curve that represents the volume-based frequency distribution of magnetic particles contained in the composition of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram showing an example of a particle size distribution curve that represents the cumulative volume distribution of magnetic particles contained in the composition of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present invention will be described in detail below. The following description of the components may be based on a representative embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. In the present specification, when a group (atomic group) is described without specifying whether it is substituted or unsubstituted, it encompasses both unsubstituted and substituted groups, unless it is contrary to the spirit of the present invention. For example, the term "alkyl group" encompasses not only unsubstituted alkyl groups (unsubstituted alkyl groups) but also substituted alkyl groups (substituted alkyl groups). Furthermore, the term "organic group" in the present specification refers to a group containing at least one carbon atom.

[0011] As used herein, "actinic rays" or "radiation" refers to, for example, the bright line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet light typified by excimer lasers, extreme ultraviolet light (EUV light: Extreme Ultraviolet), X-rays, electron beams (EB), etc. As used herein, "light" refers to actinic rays or radiation. Unless otherwise specified, the term "exposure" in this specification includes not only exposure to the bright line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet light represented by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, EUV light, and the like, but also drawing with particle beams such as electron beams and ion beams.

[0012] In this specification, the symbol "to" is used to mean that the numerical values ​​before and after it are included as the lower limit and upper limit.

[0013] In this specification, (meth)acrylate refers to acrylate and methacrylate, (meth)acrylic refers to acrylic and methacrylic, and (meth)acryloyl refers to acryloyl and methacryloyl.

[0014] In this specification, the "total solids" of a magnetic particle-containing composition refers to the components that form the magnetic particle-containing film, and when the magnetic particle-containing composition contains a solvent (organic solvent, water, etc.), it refers to all components excluding the solvent. Furthermore, liquid components that form the magnetic particle-containing film are also considered to be solids.

[0015] In this specification, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is a value calculated as polystyrene by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography). The GPC method used herein is based on a method using HLC-8020GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), TSKgel SuperHZM-H, TSKgel SuperHZ4000, or TSKgel SuperHZ2000 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, 4.6 mm ID x 15 cm) as columns, and THF (tetrahydrofuran) as an eluent.

[0016] In addition, in this specification, each component may be a substance corresponding to the component, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Here, when two or more substances are used in combination for each component, the content of that component refers to the total content of the substances used in combination, unless otherwise specified.

[0017] [Magnetic particle-containing composition] The magnetic particle-containing composition of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as "composition") contains magnetic particles having multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve representing a volume-based frequency distribution, a resin, and a solvent. The magnetic particle-containing composition of the present invention has excellent sedimentation stability and can form a magnetic particle-containing film with excellent magnetic permeability. Although the details of the reason for this are not clear, it is generally assumed as follows.

[0018] It is known that if the average particle size of the magnetic particles is not large enough, the magnetic permeability of the magnetic particle-containing film obtained using the magnetic particles will be insufficient. However, the present inventors have found that simply using magnetic particles with a large average particle size will result in large voids between the magnetic particles, making it impossible to achieve a sufficiently high magnetic permeability. The present inventors have found that magnetic permeability can be improved by using magnetic particles that have multiple peaks in a particle size distribution curve that represents a volume-based frequency distribution. The reason for this is presumably that the gaps between the magnetic particles in the magnetic particle-containing film are reduced by arranging magnetic particles with smaller average particle diameters between magnetic particles with larger average particle diameters. On the other hand, there is a problem that magnetic particles with a large average particle size settle over time in the magnetic particle-containing composition. To address this problem, we have discovered that sedimentation of magnetic particles can be suppressed by using a magnetic particle-containing composition containing magnetic particles that have multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve that represents a volume-based frequency distribution, and a resin.The reason for this is presumed to be that the magnetic particles with small average particle diameters are aligned by the action of the magnetic field present between magnetic particles with large average particle diameters, and then the magnetic particles are loosely bound together by the action of the resin, which improves the static viscosity of the magnetic particle-containing composition and suppresses sedimentation of the magnetic particles.

[0019] [Magnetic particles] The composition contains magnetic particles that have multiple peaks in a particle size distribution curve that represents a volume-based frequency distribution. The material constituting the magnetic particles preferably contains a metal element, and particularly preferably contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Co. The metal element may be contained in the magnetic particles as an alloy containing the metal element (preferably a magnetic alloy), a metal oxide (preferably a magnetic oxide), a metal nitride (preferably a magnetic oxide), or a metal carbide (preferably a magnetic carbide). The material constituting the magnetic particles may contain elements other than Fe, Ni, and Co, and specific examples include Al, Si, S, Sc, Ti, V, Cu, Y, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Ta, W, Re, Au, Bi, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, P, Zn, Sr, Zr, Mn, Cr, Nb, Pb, Ca, B, C, and N.

[0020] Specific examples of materials constituting the magnetic particles include Fe-Co alloys (preferably Permendur), Fe-Ni alloys (e.g. Permalloy), Fe-Zr alloys, Fe-Mn alloys, Fe-Si alloys, Fe-Al alloys, Ni-Mo alloys (preferably Supermalloy), Fe-Ni-Co alloys, Fe-Si-Cr alloys, Fe-Si-B alloys, Fe-Si-Al alloys (preferably Sendust), Fe-Si-BC alloys, and Fe-Si-B- Examples of the alloy include Cr-based alloys, Fe-Si-B-Cr-C-based alloys, Fe-Co-Si-B-based alloys, Fe-Si-B-Nb-based alloys, Fe nanocrystalline alloys, Fe-based amorphous alloys, and Co-based amorphous alloys, as well as ferrites such as spinel ferrites (preferably Ni-Zn-based ferrites and Mn-Zn-based ferrites) and hexagonal ferrites (preferably barium ferrites, magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrites represented by the formula (F1) described below).The above alloys may be amorphous. Among these, alloys are preferred in that the magnetic particle-containing film has better magnetic permeability, and Fe-based amorphous alloys, Fe-Si-Cr-based alloys, Fe nanocrystalline alloys, Fe-Ni-Co-based alloys, Co-based amorphous alloys, and Ni-Mo-based alloys are more preferred. Furthermore, ferrite is preferred, and spinel ferrite is more preferred, in that the chemical stability of the magnetic particle-containing film is superior. The materials constituting the magnetic particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0021] Formula (F1) is as follows: AFe (12-X) Al X O 19 Formula (F1) In formula (F1), A represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, and Pb, and x satisfies 1.5≦x≦8.0.

[0022] In formula (F1), A is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, and Pb, and there are no particular limitations on the type and number of metal elements. For example, from the viewpoint of operability and handling, A in formula (F1) is preferably at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, and Ca. In formula (F1), x satisfies 1.5≦x≦8.0, preferably 1.5≦x≦6.0, and more preferably 2.0≦x≦6.0. When x in formula (F1) is 1.5 or more, radio waves in a frequency band higher than 60 GHz can be absorbed. When x in formula (F1) is 8.0 or less, the magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite particles have magnetism.

[0023] Specific examples of magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrites represented by formula (F1) include SrFe (9.58) Al (2.42) O 19 , SrFe (9.37) Al (2.63) O 19 , SrFe (9.27) Al (2.73) O 19 , SrFe (9.85) Al (2.15) O 19 , SrFe (10.00) Al (2.00) O 19 , SrFe (9.74) Al (2.26) O 19 , SrFe (10.44) Al (1.56) O 19 , SrFe (9.79) Al (2.21) O 19 , SrFe (9.33) Al (2.67) O 19 , SrFe (7.88) Al (4.12)O 19 , SrFe (7.04) Al (4.96) O 19 , SrFe (7.37) Al (4.63) O 19 , SrFe (6.25) Al (5.75) O 19 , SrFe (7.71) Al (4.29) O 19 , Sr (0.80) Ba (0.10) Ca (0.10) Fe (9.83) Al (2.17) O 19 , BaFe (9.50) Al (2.50) O 19 , Cafe (10.00) Al (2.00) O 19 , PbFe (9.00) Al (3.00) O 19 Examples include:

[0024] The composition of the magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite particles is confirmed by high-frequency inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. Specifically, a pressure-resistant vessel containing 12 mg of sample particles and 10 mL of 4 mol / L (liter; the same applies hereinafter) hydrochloric acid solution is placed in an oven set at 120°C for 12 hours to obtain a solution. Next, 30 mL of pure water is added to the resulting solution, which is then filtered using a 0.1 μm membrane filter. Elemental analysis of the filtrate thus obtained is performed using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometer. Based on the results of the elemental analysis, the content of each metal atom relative to 100 atomic percent iron atoms is determined. The composition is confirmed based on the obtained content. As a measuring device, for example, a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometer (model number: ICPS-8100) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation can be suitably used, although the measuring device is not limited to this.

[0025] The magnetoplumbite hexagonal ferrite represented by formula (F1) is preferably a magnetoplumbite hexagonal ferrite having a single crystal phase. As used herein, the term "single-phase crystal" refers to a case in which only one diffraction pattern showing the crystal structure of a magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite of a given composition is observed in powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. In other words, this refers to a case in which multiple magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrites of a given composition are mixed together, and two or more diffraction patterns are observed, or no diffraction patterns of crystals other than magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite are observed. For the attribution of diffraction patterns, for example, the database of the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD, registered trademark) can be referenced. For example, the diffraction pattern of magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite containing Sr can be referenced in "00-033-1340" of the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). However, the peak position shifts due to the substitution of a portion of iron with aluminum.

[0026] Whether the crystalline phase of the magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite is a single phase can be confirmed by, for example, X-ray diffraction (XRD). Specifically, the measurement can be performed using a powder X-ray diffractometer under the following conditions. As a measuring device, for example, an X'Pert Pro diffractometer manufactured by PANalytical Corporation can be suitably used, but the measuring device is not limited to this.

[0027] -conditions- X-ray source: CuKα ray [Wavelength: 1.54 Å (0.154 nm), Output: 40 mA, 45 kV] Scan range: 20°<2θ<70° Scan interval: 0.05° Scan speed: 0.75° / min

[0028] The magnetic particles may have a surface layer on their surfaces, and by having a surface layer on the magnetic particles in this way, it is possible to impart a function to the magnetic particles according to the material of the surface layer. The surface layer may be an inorganic layer or an organic layer.

[0029] As the inorganic layer-forming compound, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal phosphate compounds, metal borate compounds, or silicate compounds (e.g., silicate esters such as tetraethyl orthosilicate, and silicates such as sodium silicate) are preferred because they can form a surface layer that is excellent in at least one of insulation, gas barrier properties, and chemical stability. Specific examples of elements contained in these compounds include Fe, Al, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, V, Cr, Y, Ba, Sr, Ge, Zr, Ti, Si, and rare earth elements. Materials constituting the inorganic layer obtained using the inorganic layer-forming compound include silicon oxide, germanium oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and magnesium oxide, and the inorganic layer may be a layer containing two or more of these.

[0030] Examples of the organic layer-forming compound include acrylic monomers. Specific examples of the acrylic monomer include the compounds described in paragraphs 0022 and 0023 of JP-A-2019-67960. Examples of materials constituting the organic layer obtained using the organic layer-forming compound include acrylic resins.

[0031] The thickness of the surface layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 1000 nm in order to allow the surface layer to exhibit its functions more effectively.

[0032] The magnetic particles preferably contain a metal element with a standard oxidation-reduction potential of at least −0.3 V. This makes it possible to prevent the magnetic particles from being dissolved by acid, thereby improving the chemical stability of the magnetic permeability of the magnetic particle-containing film. Specific examples of metal elements having a standard oxidation-reduction potential of -0.3 V or higher include Ni and Co. The lower limit of the standard oxidation-reduction potential of the metal element is preferably −0.3 V or more, particularly preferably −0.27 V or more, and the upper limit of the standard oxidation-reduction potential of the metal element is preferably 1.5 V or less. The content of the metal element having a standard redox potential of -0.3 V or higher is preferably 30 mass % or higher, and more preferably 40 mass % or higher, relative to the total mass of the magnetic particles, in order to improve the magnetic permeability of the magnetic particle-containing film. The upper limit of the content of the metal element having a standard redox potential of -0.3 V or higher is preferably 100 mass % or lower, and more preferably 95 mass % or lower. The standard oxidation-reduction potential values ​​used in this specification are those listed in the Chemical Handbook (5th edition).

[0033] The content of magnetic particles is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 25% by mass or more, even more preferably 40% by mass or more, particularly preferably 50% by mass or more, and most preferably 60% by mass or more, relative to the total mass of the composition, in order to obtain a magnetic particle-containing film with better magnetic permeability. The content of the magnetic particles is preferably 95% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the composition, in order to provide better sedimentation stability of the magnetic particles. The content of the magnetic particles is preferably 10 to 99 mass %, particularly preferably 40 to 97 mass %, based on the total solid content of the composition, in order to provide a magnetic particle-containing film with superior magnetic permeability.

[0034] <Average primary particle diameter> The average primary particle size of the magnetic particles is preferably from 0.001 to 100 μm, more preferably from 0.01 to 50 μm, even more preferably from 0.1 to 30 μm, and particularly preferably from 0.5 to 25 μm. It is preferable to use a combination of magnetic particles having different average primary particle sizes, since this makes it easy to obtain magnetic particles having multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve that represents a volume-based frequency distribution.

[0035] The particle diameter of the primary particles of magnetic particles is measured by photographing the magnetic particles using a transmission electron microscope at a magnification of 100,000x and printing the photograph on photographic paper to a total magnification of 500,000x. The outline of the particle (primary particle) is then traced using a digitizer, and the diameter of a circle with the same area as the traced area (circular area diameter) is calculated. Here, primary particles refer to independent particles without agglomeration. Photography using a transmission electron microscope is performed by the direct method using a transmission electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 300 kV. Transmission electron microscope observation and measurement can be performed using, for example, a Hitachi transmission electron microscope H-9000 model and Carl Zeiss image analysis software KS-400.

[0036] Regarding the shape of magnetic particles, "plate-like" refers to a shape with two opposing plate surfaces. On the other hand, among particle shapes that do not have such plate surfaces, a shape with a distinct major and minor axis is called "elliptical." The major axis is determined as the axis (straight line) along which the particle length can be measured. On the other hand, the minor axis is determined as the axis with the longest length when the particle length is measured along a straight line perpendicular to the major axis. A shape in which there is no distinction between the major and minor axes, i.e., a shape where the major axis length = the minor axis length, is called "spherical." A shape in which the major and minor axes cannot be identified from the shape is called amorphous. The above-mentioned particle shape identification imaging using a transmission electron microscope is performed without subjecting the particles to orientation treatment. The shape of magnetic particles may be plate-like, elliptical, spherical, or amorphous.

[0037] When commercially available products are used, the average primary particle diameters of the various particles described in this specification are catalog values. If no catalogue value is available, the particle size shall be the arithmetic mean of the values ​​determined for 500 particles randomly sampled using the particle photograph taken as described above.

[0038] <Particle size distribution> The magnetic particles contained in the composition have multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve that represents a volume-based frequency distribution. In this specification, a particle size distribution curve that represents a volume-based frequency distribution is also referred to as a "frequency distribution curve." Figure 1 is a particle size distribution diagram showing an example of a frequency distribution curve for magnetic particles contained in the composition of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the frequency distribution curve is expressed as a particle size distribution diagram with particle diameter on the horizontal axis and frequency (%) on the vertical axis.

[0039] The frequency distribution curve in the present invention is obtained as follows. First, the composition is diluted with a main solvent as needed, and ultrasonic dispersion is performed for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Note that the composition is not diluted if the content of magnetic particles in the composition is 5% by mass or less, but if the content of magnetic particles in the composition is more than 5% by mass, the diluted dispersion is diluted so that the content of magnetic particles in the diluted dispersion becomes 5% by mass. Furthermore, the main solvent refers to the solvent with the highest content among the solvents contained in the composition. Next, the dispersion is measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer (product name "LA960N", manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) in a measurement range mode of 0.01 μm to 5000 μm, and a particle size distribution curve representing the volume-based frequency distribution of the magnetic particles contained in the composition is obtained.

[0040] The peak top in a frequency distribution curve means the maximum point in the frequency distribution curve. In the example of FIG. 1, the frequency distribution curve has two peak tops: a peak top Pmin with the smallest particle diameter and a peak top Pmax with the largest particle diameter; however, the number of peak tops is not limited to this. The number of peak tops in the frequency distribution curve is multiple (ie, two or more), preferably 2 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, even more preferably 2 to 3, and particularly preferably 2 in terms of magnetic permeability and film formability.

[0041] When the particle diameter at the smallest peak top Pmin among multiple peak tops in a frequency distribution curve is defined as Dmin, and the particle diameter at the largest peak top Pmax is defined as Dmax, the ratio of Dmax to Dmin (Dmax / Dmin) is preferably more than 2, more preferably 3 or more, and particularly preferably 4 or more, in terms of better effects of the present invention. The upper limit of the ratio (Dmax / Dmin) is preferably 150 or less, more preferably 100 or less, even more preferably 50 or less, and particularly preferably 10 or less, in terms of achieving better effects of the present invention. The ratio (Dmax / Dmin) can be adjusted to fall within the above range, for example, by using a plurality of magnetic particles with different primary particle sizes and adjusting the blending ratio thereof as appropriate.

[0042] Figure 2 is a particle size distribution diagram showing an example of a particle size distribution curve that represents the volume-based cumulative distribution of magnetic particles contained in the composition of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the particle size distribution curve that represents the volume-based cumulative distribution is expressed in a particle size distribution diagram with particle diameter on the horizontal axis and cumulative (%) on the vertical axis. In this specification, the particle size distribution curve that represents the volume-based cumulative distribution is also referred to as a "cumulative distribution curve." The cumulative distribution curve is measured in the same manner as the particle size distribution curve, which represents a volume-based frequency distribution. Dmin is the particle diameter D when the cumulative distribution curve is 80%, from the viewpoint of the effect of the present invention being more excellent. 80 It is preferable that the particle diameter D when the cumulative distribution curve is 60% or less is 60 It is particularly preferred that: Dmin is the particle diameter D when the cumulative distribution curve is 10%, from the viewpoint of the effect of the present invention being more excellent. 10 It is preferable that the particle diameter D 20 More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this. Dmin is preferably from 0.1 to 50 μm, more preferably from 0.5 to 25 μm, and particularly preferably from 1 to 10 μm, in terms of achieving better effects of the present invention.

[0043] Dmax is the particle diameter D at which the cumulative distribution curve reaches 90% in order to provide a more excellent effect of the present invention. 90 It is preferable that the particle diameter D when the cumulative distribution curve is 80% or less is 80 It is particularly preferred that: Dmax is the particle diameter D at 20% of the cumulative distribution curve, from the viewpoint of the effect of the present invention being more excellent. 20 It is preferable that the particle diameter D when the cumulative distribution curve is 40% or more is 40 More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this. In terms of achieving better effects of the present invention, Dmax is preferably from 1 to 150 μm, more preferably from 1 to 100 μm, further preferably from 5 to 75 μm, and particularly preferably from 7.5 to 50 μm.

[0044] 〔resin〕 The composition contains a resin. Examples of resins include (meth)acrylic resins, epoxy resins, enethiol resins, polycarbonate resins, polyether resins, polyarylate resins, polysulfone resins, polyethersulfone resins, polyphenylene resins, polyarylene ether phosphine oxide resins, polyimide resins, polyamideimide resins, polyolefin resins, cyclic olefin resins, polyester resins, styrene resins, and phenoxy resins. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Norbornene resins are preferred as cyclic olefin resins in terms of improving heat resistance. Commercially available norbornene resins include, for example, the ARTON series (e.g., ARTON F4520) manufactured by JSR Corporation. Examples of epoxy resins include epoxy resins that are glycidyl ethers of phenolic compounds, epoxy resins that are glycidyl ethers of various novolac resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, heterocyclic epoxy resins, glycidyl ester epoxy resins, glycidylamine epoxy resins, epoxy resins that have glycidylated halogenated phenols, condensates of silicon compounds having epoxy groups with other silicon compounds, copolymers of polymerizable unsaturated compounds having epoxy groups with other polymerizable unsaturated compounds, etc. Also usable epoxy resins include Marproof G-0150M, G-0105SA, G-0130SP, G-0250SP, G-1005S, G-1005SA, G-1010S, G-2050M, G-01100, and G-01758 (manufactured by NOF Corporation, epoxy group-containing polymers). The resin may also be a resin described in the examples of WO 2016 / 088645. When the resin has an ethylenically unsaturated group, particularly a (meth)acryloyl group, in a side chain, it is also preferable that the main chain and the ethylenically unsaturated group are bonded via a divalent linking group having an alicyclic structure.

[0045] One preferred embodiment of the resin is a resin having a polymerizable group such as an unsaturated double bond (e.g., an ethylenically unsaturated double bond), an epoxy group, or an oxetanyl group. When the polymerizable group reacts during the formation of the magnetic particle-containing film, a magnetic particle-containing film with excellent mechanical strength is obtained. Examples of such resins include polymers having epoxy groups in their side chains, and polymerizable monomers or oligomers having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule, and specific examples thereof include bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, phenol novolac type epoxy resins, cresol novolac type epoxy resins, and aliphatic epoxy resins. These resins may be commercially available products or may be obtained by introducing an epoxy group into the side chain of a polymer. For commercially available products, see, for example, paragraph 0191 of JP 2012-155288 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Other examples include ADEKA RESIN EP-4000S, EP-4003S, EP-4010S, and EP-4011S (all manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), NC-2000, NC-3000, NC-7300, XD-1000, EPPN-501, and EPPN-502 (all manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), and JER1031S. Furthermore, commercially available phenol novolac epoxy resins include JER-157S65, JER-152, JER-154, and JER-157S70 (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). Specific examples of polymers having oxetanyl groups in their side chains and polymerizable monomers or oligomers having two or more oxetanyl groups in the molecule include Aron Oxetane OXT-121, OXT-221, OX-SQ, and PNOX (all manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.). When synthesizing a resin having epoxy groups by introducing epoxy groups into polymer side chains, the introduction reaction can be carried out in an organic solvent using a catalyst such as a tertiary amine (e.g., triethylamine, benzylmethylamine), a quaternary ammonium salt (e.g., dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride), pyridine, or triphenylphosphine at a reaction temperature of 50 to 150°C for a predetermined time. The amount of alicyclic epoxy unsaturated compound introduced can be controlled so that the acid value of the resulting polymer is in the range of 5 to 200 KOH mg / g. The weight-average molecular weight can be set to 500 to 5,000,000, preferably 1,000 to 500,000. Instead of the alicyclic epoxy unsaturated compound, compounds having a glycidyl group as an epoxy group, such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate and allyl glycidyl ether, can also be used. For such compounds, see, for example, paragraph 0045 of JP-A-2009-265518, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0046] One preferred embodiment of the resin is a resin having an acid group, a basic group, or an amide group. A resin having an acid group, a basic group, or an amide group is preferred because it easily functions as a dispersant for dispersing magnetic particles and provides better effects of the present invention. Examples of the acid group include a carboxy group, a phosphate group, a sulfo group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group, and the carboxy group is preferred in terms of achieving better effects of the present invention. Examples of basic groups include an amino group (a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from ammonia, a primary amine, or a secondary amine) and an imino group. In particular, the resin preferably has a carboxy group or an amide group, as this will provide better effects of the present invention.

[0047] When the resin has an acid group, the acid value of the resin is preferably from 10 to 500 mgKOH / g, particularly preferably from 30 to 400 mgKOH / g, in terms of achieving better effects of the present invention.

[0048] As the resin, it is preferable to use a resin having a solubility in the solvent of 10 g / L or more, and it is more preferable to use a resin having a solubility in the solvent of 20 g / L or more, since this improves the dispersibility of the resin in the composition and makes the effects of the present invention more excellent. The upper limit of the solubility of the resin in the solvent is preferably 2000 g / L or less, particularly preferably 1000 g / L or less. The solubility of a resin in a solvent means the amount (g) of resin that dissolves in 1 L of solvent at 25°C.

[0049] The resin content is preferably 0.1 to 30 mass%, more preferably 1 to 20 mass%, even more preferably 2 to 15 mass%, and particularly preferably 2.5 to 10 mass%, relative to the total mass of the composition, in order to achieve better effects of the present invention.

[0050] <Resin that functions as a dispersant> One preferred embodiment of the resin is a resin that functions as a dispersant for dispersing magnetic particles in the composition (hereinafter also referred to as a "dispersion resin"). Use of a dispersion resin enhances the effects of the present invention. Suitable embodiments of the dispersing resin include a resin having a repeating unit containing a graft chain, an aggregation control agent, and an aggregation dispersant, which will be described later.

[0051] (Resin having repeating units containing graft chains) The dispersing resin may be a resin having a repeating unit containing a graft chain (hereinafter also referred to as "resin A"). However, resin A may also be used for purposes other than functioning as a dispersant.

[0052] When the composition contains resin A, the content of resin A is preferably 0.1 to 30 mass%, more preferably 0.5 to 20 mass%, and particularly preferably 1 to 10 mass%, relative to the total mass of the composition, in order to achieve better effects of the present invention.

[0053] Repeating units containing graft chains In repeating units containing graft chains, as the graft chains become longer, the steric repulsion effect increases, improving the dispersibility of magnetic particles. On the other hand, if the graft chains are too long, the adhesive force to the magnetic particles decreases, tending to reduce the dispersibility of the magnetic particles. For this reason, the graft chain preferably has 40 to 10,000 atoms excluding hydrogen atoms, more preferably 50 to 2,000 atoms excluding hydrogen atoms, and even more preferably 60 to 500 atoms excluding hydrogen atoms. Here, the graft chain refers to the chain from the base of the main chain (the atom that bonds to the main chain in the group that branches off from the main chain) to the end of the group that branches off from the main chain.

[0054] Furthermore, the graft chain preferably contains a polymer structure, and examples of such a polymer structure include a poly(meth)acrylate structure (e.g., a poly(meth)acrylic structure), a polyester structure, a polyurethane structure, a polyurea structure, a polyamide structure, and a polyether structure. In order to improve the interaction between the graft chain and the solvent and thereby enhance the dispersibility of the magnetic particles, the graft chain is preferably a graft chain containing at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a polyester structure, a polyether structure, and a poly(meth)acrylate structure, and more preferably a graft chain containing at least one of a polyester structure and a polyether structure.

[0055] Resin A may be a resin obtained by using a macromonomer containing a graft chain (a monomer having a polymer structure and bonding to the main chain to form a graft chain). The macromonomer containing a graft chain (a monomer having a polymer structure and binding to the main chain to form a graft chain) is not particularly limited, but a macromonomer containing a reactive double bond group can be suitably used.

[0056] Commercially available macromonomers corresponding to the repeating units containing the graft chain and suitable for use in synthesizing Resin A include AA-6, AA-10, AB-6, AS-6, AN-6, AW-6, AA-714, AY-707, AY-714, AK-5, AK-30, and AK-32 (all trade names, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.), as well as Blemmer PP-100, Blemmer PP-500, Blemmer PP-800, Blemmer PP-1000, Blemmer 55-PET-800, Blemmer PME-4000, Blemmer PSE-400, Blemmer PSE-1300, and Blemmer 43PAPE-600B (all trade names, manufactured by NOF Corporation). Among these, AA-6, AA-10, AB-6, AS-6, AN-6, and Blemmer PME-4000 are preferred.

[0057] Resin A preferably contains at least one structure selected from the group consisting of polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, and cyclic or linear polyesters, more preferably at least one structure selected from the group consisting of polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, and linear polyesters, and particularly preferably at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a polymethyl acrylate structure, a polymethyl methacrylate structure, a polycaprolactone structure, and a polyvalerolactone structure. Resin A may contain one of the above structures alone, or may contain a plurality of these structures. Here, the polycaprolactone structure refers to a structure containing a ring-opened ε-caprolactone structure as a repeating unit, and the polyvalerolactone structure refers to a structure containing a ring-opened δ-valerolactone structure as a repeating unit.

[0058] When resin A contains repeating units in which j and k are 5 in formula (1) and formula (2) described later, the polycaprolactone structure described above can be introduced into resin A. Furthermore, when resin A contains repeating units in which j and k are 4 in formula (1) and formula (2) described later, the above-mentioned polyvalerolactone structure can be introduced into the resin. In addition, the resin A is X in the formula (4) described below. 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 4 When the resin A contains a repeating unit in which is a methyl group, the above-mentioned polymethyl acrylate structure can be introduced into the resin A. In addition, the resin A is X in the formula (4) described below. 5 is a methyl group, and R 4 When the resin A contains a repeating unit in which is a methyl group, the above-mentioned polymethyl methacrylate structure can be introduced into the resin A.

[0059] Resin A preferably contains a repeating unit represented by any one of the following formulas (1) to (4) as a repeating unit containing a graft chain, and more preferably contains a repeating unit represented by any one of the following formulas (1A), (2A), (3A), (3B), and (4).

[0060] [ka]

[0061] In equations (1) to (4), W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , and W 4 Each independently represents an oxygen atom or NH. 1 , W 2 , W 3 , and W 4 is preferably an oxygen atom. In formulas (1) to (4), X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , and X 5 Each of X independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , and X 5 In terms of synthesis constraints, each of is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (number of carbon atoms), more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

[0062] In formulas (1) to (4), Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 each independently represents a divalent linking group, and the linking group is not particularly restricted in structure. 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 Specific examples of the divalent linking group represented by the formula (I) include the following linking groups (Y-1) to (Y-21). In the structures shown below, A and B represent the bonding sites with the left and right terminal groups in formulas (1) to (4), respectively. Of the structures shown below, (Y-2) or (Y-13) is more preferred from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.

[0063] [ka]

[0064] In formulas (1) to (4), Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , and Z 4 Each of Z independently represents a monovalent organic group. The structure of the organic group is not particularly limited, but specific examples include an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a heteroaryloxy group, an alkylthioether group, an arylthioether group, a heteroarylthioether group, and an amino group. Among these, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , and Z 4 As the organic group represented by the formula (I), a group having a steric repulsion effect is preferred, particularly from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility, and each independently an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms is more preferred, and among these, each independently a branched alkyl group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms is even more preferred. The alkyl group contained in the alkoxy group may be linear, branched, or cyclic.

[0065] In the formulas (1) to (4), n, m, p, and q each independently represent an integer of 1 to 500. In the formulas (1) and (2), j and k each independently represent an integer of 2 to 8. In the formulas (1) and (2), j and k are preferably an integer of 4 to 6, and more preferably 5. In formulas (1) and (2), n and m are preferably integers of 10 or greater, and more preferably integers of 20 or greater. When resin A contains a polycaprolactone structure and a polyvalerolactone structure, the sum of the repeating number of the polycaprolactone structure and the repeating number of the polyvalerolactone structure is preferably an integer of 10 or greater, and more preferably an integer of 20 or greater.

[0066] In formula (3), R 3 represents a branched or linear alkylene group, preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms. When p is 2 to 500, a plurality of R 3 may be the same or different from each other. In formula (4), R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and the structure of this monovalent organic group is not particularly limited. 4 R is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. 4 When is an alkyl group, the alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In formula (4), when q is 2 to 500, the number of X present in the graft chain is 5 and R 4 may be the same or different from each other.

[0067] Resin A may also contain repeating units containing graft chains with two or more different structures. That is, the molecule of resin A may contain repeating units represented by formulas (1) to (4) with structures different from each other, and when n, m, p, and q in formulas (1) to (4) each represent an integer of 2 or more, in formulas (1) and (2), the side chain may contain structures in which j and k are different from each other, and in formulas (3) and (4), multiple R 3 , R 4 , and X 5 may be the same or different from each other.

[0068] The repeating unit represented by formula (1) is more preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1A). The repeating unit represented by formula (2) is more preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2A).

[0069] [ka]

[0070] In formula (1A), X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 , and n is X in formula (1). 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 In formula (2A), X has the same meaning as n, and the preferred range is also the same. 2 , Y 2 , Z 2 , and m is X in Equation (2). 2 , Y 2 , Z 2 , and m, and the preferred ranges are also the same.

[0071] The repeating unit represented by formula (3) is more preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3A) or (3B).

[0072] [ka]

[0073] In formula (3A) or (3B), X 3 , Y 3 , Z 3 , and p is X in Equation (3). 3 , Y 3 , Z 3 , and p have the same meanings, and the preferred ranges are also the same.

[0074] Resin A more preferably contains a repeating unit represented by formula (1A) as a repeating unit containing a graft chain.

[0075] Resin A also preferably contains a repeating unit containing a polyalkyleneimine structure and a polyester structure. The repeating unit containing a polyalkyleneimine structure and a polyester structure preferably contains a polyalkyleneimine structure in the main chain and a polyester structure as a graft chain.

[0076] The polyalkyleneimine structure is a polymer structure containing two or more identical or different alkyleneimine chains. Specific examples of the alkyleneimine chain include alkyleneimine chains represented by the following formula (4A) and formula (4B).

[0077] [ka]

[0078] In formula (4A), R X1 and R X2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. 1 represents an integer greater than or equal to 2. 1 represents the bonding position to the polyester chain, the adjacent alkyleneimine chain, or the hydrogen atom or the substituent.

[0079] [ka]

[0080] In formula (4B), R X3 and R X4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. 2 represents an integer of 2 or more. The alkyleneimine chain represented by formula (4B) is a polyester chain having an anionic group and a N + The anionic groups contained in the polyester chains form salt bridges, thereby bonding the polymer to the polymer.

[0081] * in formula (4A) and formula (4B), and * in formula (4B) 2 each independently represents a position at which it bonds to an adjacent alkyleneimine chain, or a hydrogen atom or a substituent. In particular, * in formula (4A) and formula (4B) preferably represents the position at which the alkyleneimine chain is bonded to the adjacent alkyleneimine chain.

[0082] R in formula (4A) X1 and R X2 , and R in formula (4B) X3 and R X4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In formula (4A), R X1 and R X2 are preferably all hydrogen atoms. In formula (4B), R X3 and R X4 are preferably all hydrogen atoms.

[0083] a in formula (4A) 1 and a in formula (4B) 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is an integer of 2 or more. The upper limit is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 6 or less, even more preferably 4 or less, still more preferably 2 or 3, and particularly preferably 2.

[0084] In formula (4A) and formula (4B), * represents the bonding position to the adjacent alkyleneimine chain, or to a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include alkyl groups (for example, alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), etc. Furthermore, a polyester chain may be bonded as the substituent.

[0085] The alkyleneimine chain represented by formula (4A) is 1 Specifically, it is preferable that the carbonyl carbon in the polyester chain is linked to the polyester chain at the position 1 It is preferred that the bond is at the position The polyester chain may be represented by the following formula (5A).

[0086] [ka]

[0087] When the alkyleneimine chain is an alkyleneimine chain represented by formula (4B), the polyester chain is anionic (preferably oxygen anion O - ), and this anionic group and N in formula (4B) + It is preferred that the two form a salt bridge. Such a polyester chain includes a polyester chain represented by the following formula (5B).

[0088] [ka]

[0089] L in formula (5A) X1 , and L in formula (5B) X2 each independently represents a divalent linking group. The divalent linking group is preferably an alkylene group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0090] b in formula (5A) 11 , and b in formula (5B) 21each independently represents an integer of 2 or more, the upper limit of which is, for example, 200 or less.

[0091] b in formula (5A) 12 , and b in formula (5B) 22 each independently represents 0 or 1.

[0092] X in formula (5A) A and X in formula (5B) B each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a polyalkyleneoxyalkyl group, and an aryl group.

[0093] The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group (which may be linear, branched, or cyclic) and the alkyl group contained in the alkoxy group (which may be linear, branched, or cyclic) can be 1 to 30, and preferably 1 to 10. The alkyl group can further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxyl group and a halogen atom (examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom).

[0094] Polyalkyleneoxyalkyl groups are R X6 (OR X7 ) p (O) q R is a substituent represented by -. X6 represents an alkyl group, and R X7 represents an alkylene group, p represents an integer of 2 or more, and q represents 0 or 1. R X6 The alkyl group represented by X A The alkyl group represented by R X7 The alkylene group represented by X A Examples of such alkyl groups include groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from an alkyl group represented by the following formula: p is an integer of 2 or more, and its upper limit is, for example, 10 or less, and preferably 5 or less.

[0095] The aryl group may be, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms (which may be either monocyclic or polycyclic). The aryl group may further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, a halogen atom, and a cyano group.

[0096] The polyester chain is preferably a structure obtained by ring-opening a lactone such as ε-caprolactone, δ-caprolactone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-valerolactone, enantholactone, β-butyrolactone, γ-hexanolactone, γ-octanolactone, δ-hexalanolactone, δ-octanolactone, δ-dodecanolactone, α-methyl-γ-butyrolactone, or lactide (which may be either L- or D-isomer), and more preferably a structure obtained by ring-opening ε-caprolactone or δ-valerolactone.

[0097] The repeating unit containing the polyalkyleneimine structure and the polyester structure can be synthesized according to the synthesis method described in Japanese Patent No. 5,923,557.

[0098] In Resin A, the content of repeating units containing graft chains is, in mass terms, preferably 2 to 95 mass%, more preferably 2 to 90 mass%, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 mass%, relative to the total mass of Resin A. When the repeating units containing graft chains are contained within this range, the effects of the present invention are more excellent.

[0099] Hydrophobic repeating units Resin A may also contain a hydrophobic repeating unit different from the repeating unit containing a graft chain (i.e., not corresponding to the repeating unit containing a graft chain). However, in this specification, a hydrophobic repeating unit is a repeating unit that does not contain an acid group (e.g., a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, etc.).

[0100] The hydrophobic repeating unit is preferably a repeating unit derived from (corresponding to) a compound (monomer) having a ClogP value of 1.2 or more, and more preferably a repeating unit derived from a compound having a ClogP value of 1.2 to 8. This allows the effects of the present invention to be more reliably exhibited.

[0101] The ClogP values ​​are values ​​calculated using the program "CLOGP" available from Daylight Chemical Information System, Inc. This program provides "calculated logP" values ​​calculated using the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo (see the literature below). The fragment approach is based on the chemical structure of a compound, and divides the chemical structure into substructures (fragments). The logP value of the compound is estimated by summing up the logP contributions assigned to the fragments. Details are described in the literature below. In this specification, the ClogP values ​​calculated using the program CLOGP v4.82 are used. AJ Leo, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.4, C. Hansch, PG Sammnens, JB Taylor and CA Ramsden, Eds., p.295, Pergamon Press, 1990 C. Hansch & AJ Leo. SUbstituent Constants For Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology. John Wiley & Sons. AJ Leo. Calculating logPoct from structure. Chem. Rev., 93, 1281-1306, 1993.

[0102] Log P is the common logarithm of the partition coefficient P, a physical property that quantitatively represents how an organic compound is distributed in equilibrium between a two-phase system of oil (generally 1-octanol) and water, and is expressed by the following formula: logP=log(Coil / Cwater) In the formula, Coil represents the molar concentration of the compound in the oil phase, and Cwater represents the molar concentration of the compound in the water phase. As the logP value increases towards the positive side, including around 0, the oil solubility increases, and as the absolute value increases towards the negative side, the water solubility increases. It has a negative correlation with the water solubility of organic compounds, and is widely used as a parameter to estimate the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of organic compounds.

[0103] Resin A preferably contains, as the hydrophobic repeating unit, one or more repeating units selected from repeating units derived from monomers represented by the following formulas (i) to (iii).

[0104] [ka]

[0105] In the above formulas (i) to (iii), R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom), or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group). R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. 2 and R 3 is more preferably a hydrogen atom. X represents an oxygen atom (-O-) or an imino group (-NH-), and is preferably an oxygen atom.

[0106] L is a single bond or a divalent linking group. Examples of the divalent linking group include a divalent aliphatic group (e.g., an alkylene group, a substituted alkylene group, an alkenylene group, a substituted alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, and a substituted alkynylene group), a divalent aromatic group (e.g., an arylene group and a substituted arylene group), a divalent heterocyclic group, an oxygen atom (—O—), a sulfur atom (—S—), an imino group (—NH—), and a substituted imino group (—NR 31 -, where R 31 is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group), a carbonyl group (—CO—), and combinations thereof.

[0107] The divalent aliphatic group may have a cyclic structure or a branched structure. The number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic group is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, and even more preferably 1 to 10. The aliphatic group may be an unsaturated aliphatic group or a saturated aliphatic group, with a saturated aliphatic group being preferred. The aliphatic group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an aromatic group, and a heterocyclic group.

[0108] The number of carbon atoms in the divalent aromatic group is preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 6 to 15, and even more preferably 6 to 10. The aromatic group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, and a heterocyclic group.

[0109] The divalent heterocyclic group preferably contains a 5- or 6-membered ring as the heterocycle. The heterocycle may be condensed with another heterocycle, an aliphatic ring, or an aromatic ring. The heterocyclic group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an oxo group (=O), a thioxo group (=S), an imino group (=NH), a substituted imino group (=NR 32 , where R 32 is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group), an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, and a heterocyclic group.

[0110] L is preferably a single bond, an alkylene group, or a divalent linking group containing an oxyalkylene structure. The oxyalkylene structure is more preferably an oxyethylene structure or an oxypropylene structure. L may also contain a polyoxyalkylene structure containing two or more repeating oxyalkylene structures. The polyoxyalkylene structure is preferably a polyoxyethylene structure or a polyoxypropylene structure. The polyoxyethylene structure is represented by -(OCH2CH2)n-, where n is preferably an integer of 2 or more, more preferably an integer of 2 to 10.

[0111] Z includes an aliphatic group (e.g., an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, an unsaturated alkyl group, a substituted unsaturated alkyl group), an aromatic group (e.g., an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, an arylene group, a substituted arylene group), a heterocyclic group, and a combination thereof. These groups include an oxygen atom (-O-), a sulfur atom (-S-), an imino group (-NH-), a substituted imino group (-NR 31 -, where R 31 may contain an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group), or a carbonyl group (—CO—).

[0112] The aliphatic group may have a cyclic structure or a branched structure. The number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic group is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, and even more preferably 1 to 10. The aliphatic group further includes a ring-assembled hydrocarbon group and a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon group. Examples of the ring-assembled hydrocarbon group include a bicyclohexyl group, a perhydronaphthalenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a 4-cyclohexylphenyl group. Examples of the bridged cyclic hydrocarbon ring include bicyclic hydrocarbon rings such as pinane, bornane, norpinane, norbornane, and bicyclooctane rings (such as bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring and bicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring), homobredane, adamantane, and tricyclo[5.2.1.0]octane ring. 2,6 ] decane, and tricyclo[4.3.1.1 2,5 ]undecane ring and the like, and tetracyclo[4.4.0.1 2,5 .1 7,10]dodecane, and tetracyclic hydrocarbon rings such as perhydro-1,4-methano-5,8-methanonaphthalene ring. The bridged cyclic hydrocarbon ring also includes fused rings in which multiple 5- to 8-membered cycloalkane rings are fused, such as perhydronaphthalene (decalin), perhydroanthracene, perhydrophenanthrene, perhydroacenaphthene, perhydrofluorene, perhydroindene, and perhydrophenalene rings. The aliphatic group is preferably a saturated aliphatic group rather than an unsaturated aliphatic group. The aliphatic group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an aromatic group, and a heterocyclic group. However, the aliphatic group does not have an acid group as a substituent.

[0113] The number of carbon atoms in the aromatic group is preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 6 to 15, and even more preferably 6 to 10. The aromatic group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, and a heterocyclic group. However, the aromatic group does not have an acid group as a substituent.

[0114] The heterocyclic group preferably contains a 5- or 6-membered ring as the heterocycle. The heterocycle may be condensed with another heterocycle, an aliphatic ring, or an aromatic ring. The heterocyclic group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an oxo group (=O), a thioxo group (=S), an imino group (=NH), a substituted imino group (=NR 32 , where R 32 is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group), an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, and a heterocyclic group, provided that the heterocyclic group does not have an acid group as a substituent.

[0115] In the above formula (iii), R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 R each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, etc.), an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, etc.), Z, or LZ, where L and Z have the same meanings as the groups defined above. 4 , R5 , and R 6 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom.

[0116] As the monomer represented by the above formula (i), R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L is a single bond or a divalent linking group containing an alkylene group or an oxyalkylene structure, X is an oxygen atom or an imino group, and Z is an aliphatic group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group. Furthermore, as the monomer represented by the above formula (ii), R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L is an alkylene group, and Z is an aliphatic group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group. 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and Z is an aliphatic group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group.

[0117] Representative examples of the compounds represented by formulas (i) to (iii) include radical polymerizable compounds selected from acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, styrenes, and the like. As representative examples of compounds represented by formulas (i) to (iii), reference can be made to the compounds described in paragraphs 0089 to 0093 of JP-A No. 2013-249417, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0118] In the resin A, the content of the hydrophobic repeating unit is preferably from 10 to 90 mass %, more preferably from 20 to 80 mass %, based on the total mass of the resin A, in mass terms.

[0119] Functional groups that can interact with magnetic particles Resin A may have a functional group that can form an interaction with the magnetic particles. Resin A preferably further contains a repeating unit containing a functional group capable of forming an interaction with the magnetic particles. Examples of functional groups that can interact with magnetic particles include acid groups, basic groups, coordinating groups, and reactive functional groups. When the resin A contains an acid group, a basic group, a coordinating group, or a reactive functional group, it preferably contains a repeating unit containing an acid group, a repeating unit containing a basic group, a repeating unit containing a coordinating group, or a repeating unit having a reactive functional group, respectively.

[0120] The repeating unit containing an alkali-soluble group as an acid group may be the same as or different from the repeating unit containing the graft chain described above, but the repeating unit containing an alkali-soluble group as an acid group is a repeating unit different from the hydrophobic repeating unit described above (i.e., it does not correspond to the hydrophobic repeating unit described above).

[0121] Examples of acid groups, which are functional groups capable of interacting with magnetic particles, include carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups, and phenolic hydroxyl groups, with at least one of the carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, and phosphoric acid groups being preferred, and the carboxylic acid group being more preferred. The carboxylic acid group has good adsorption power to magnetic particles and high dispersibility. That is, it is preferable that the resin A further contains a repeating unit containing at least one of a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group.

[0122] Resin A may have one or more types of repeating units containing an acid group. When the resin A contains a repeating unit containing an acid group, the content thereof is preferably from 5 to 80 mass %, more preferably from 10 to 60 mass %, based on the total mass of the resin A, in mass terms.

[0123] Examples of basic groups, which are functional groups capable of interacting with magnetic particles, include primary amino groups, secondary amino groups, tertiary amino groups, heterocycles containing N atoms, and amide groups, and the preferred basic group is a tertiary amino group because of its excellent adsorptivity to magnetic particles and high dispersibility. Resin A may contain one or more of these basic groups. When the resin A contains a repeating unit containing a basic group, the content thereof is preferably from 0.01 to 50 mass %, more preferably from 0.01 to 30 mass %, relative to the total mass of the resin A, converted into mass.

[0124] Examples of functional groups that can interact with magnetic particles, such as coordinating groups and reactive functional groups, include acetylacetoxy groups, trialkoxysilyl groups, isocyanate groups, acid anhydrides, and acid chlorides. A preferred functional group is the acetylacetoxy group, which provides good adsorption to magnetic particles and high dispersibility of the magnetic particles. Resin A may contain one or more of these groups. When resin A contains a repeating unit containing a coordinating group or a repeating unit containing a reactive functional group, the content thereof is preferably 10 to 80 mass %, more preferably 20 to 60 mass %, based on the total mass of resin A, in mass terms.

[0125] When the resin A contains functional groups capable of forming interactions with magnetic particles other than the graft chains, it is sufficient that the resin A contains functional groups capable of forming interactions with the various magnetic particles described above, and there are no particular restrictions on how these functional groups are introduced. For example, the resin contained in the composition preferably contains one or more repeating units selected from repeating units derived from monomers represented by the following formulas (iv) to (vi):

[0126] [ka]

[0127] In formulas (iv) to (vi), R 11 , R 12 , and R 13each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom), or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group). In formulas (iv) to (vi), R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. 12 and R 13 is more preferably a hydrogen atom.

[0128] X1 in formula (iv) represents an oxygen atom (-O-) or an imino group (-NH-), and is preferably an oxygen atom. In addition, Y in the formula (v) represents a methine group or a nitrogen atom.

[0129] Furthermore, L1 in formulas (iv) and (v) represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. The definition of the divalent linking group is the same as the definition of the divalent linking group represented by L in formula (i) above.

[0130] L1 is preferably a single bond, an alkylene group, or a divalent linking group containing an oxyalkylene structure. The oxyalkylene structure is more preferably an oxyethylene structure or an oxypropylene structure. L1 may also contain a polyoxyalkylene structure containing two or more repeating oxyalkylene structures. The polyoxyalkylene structure is preferably a polyoxyethylene structure or a polyoxypropylene structure. The polyoxyethylene structure is represented by -(OCH2CH2)n-, where n is preferably an integer of 2 or more, more preferably an integer of 2 to 10.

[0131] In formulas (iv) to (vi), Z1 represents a functional group other than the graft chain that can form an interaction with the magnetic particles, and is preferably a carboxylic acid group or a tertiary amino group, more preferably a carboxylic acid group.

[0132] In formula (vi), R 14 , R 15 , and R 16R each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, etc.), an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, etc.), -Z1, or L1-Z1. Here, L1 and Z1 have the same meanings as L1 and Z1 above, and preferred examples are also the same. R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom.

[0133] As the monomer represented by formula (iv), R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L1 is an alkylene group or a divalent linking group containing an oxyalkylene structure, X1 is an oxygen atom or an imino group, and Z1 is a carboxylic acid group. Furthermore, as the monomer represented by formula (v), R 11 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L1 is an alkylene group, Z1 is a carboxylic acid group, and Y is a methine group. Furthermore, as the monomer represented by formula (vi), R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and Z1 is a carboxylic acid group.

[0134] Representative examples of the monomers (compounds) represented by formulas (iv) to (vi) are shown below. Examples of the monomer include methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, a reaction product of a compound containing an addition polymerizable double bond and a hydroxyl group in the molecule (e.g., 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with succinic anhydride, a reaction product of a compound containing an addition polymerizable double bond and a hydroxyl group in the molecule with phthalic anhydride, a reaction product of a compound containing an addition polymerizable double bond and a hydroxyl group in the molecule with tetrahydroxyphthalic anhydride, a reaction product of a compound containing an addition polymerizable double bond and a hydroxyl group in the molecule with trimellitic anhydride, a reaction product of a compound containing an addition polymerizable double bond and a hydroxyl group in the molecule with pyromellitic anhydride, acrylic acid, acrylic acid dimer, acrylic acid oligomer, maleic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, vinylphenol, and 4-hydroxyphenyl methacrylamide.

[0135] The content of the repeating unit containing a functional group capable of forming an interaction with the magnetic particles is, in terms of the interaction with the magnetic particles, stability over time, and permeability to the developer, preferably 0.05 to 90 mass %, more preferably 1.0 to 80 mass %, and even more preferably 10 to 70 mass %, relative to the total mass of the resin A.

[0136] Ethylenically unsaturated groups Resin A may contain an ethylenically unsaturated group. The ethylenically unsaturated group is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a (meth)acryloyl group, a vinyl group, and a styryl group, with a (meth)acryloyl group being preferred. Resin A preferably contains a repeating unit containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain, and more preferably contains a repeating unit containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain and derived from a (meth)acrylate (hereinafter also referred to as "a (meth)acrylic repeating unit containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain"). A (meth)acrylic repeating unit containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain can be obtained, for example, by subjecting an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing a glycidyl group or an alicyclic epoxy group to an addition reaction of the carboxylic acid group in a resin A containing a (meth)acrylic repeating unit containing a carboxylic acid group. By reacting the ethylenically unsaturated group (glycidyl group or alicyclic epoxy group) introduced in this way, a (meth)acrylic repeating unit containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain can be obtained.

[0137] When the resin A contains a repeating unit containing an ethylenically unsaturated group, the content thereof is preferably 30 to 70 mass %, more preferably 40 to 60 mass %, based on the total mass of the resin A in mass terms.

[0138] Other repeating units Furthermore, for the purpose of improving various performances such as film-forming ability, resin A may further contain other repeating units having various functions different from the repeating unit containing a graft chain, the hydrophobic repeating unit, and the repeating unit containing a functional group capable of forming an interaction with magnetic particles, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of such other repeating units include repeating units derived from radically polymerizable compounds selected from acrylonitriles, methacrylonitriles, and the like. Resin A can use one or more of these other repeating units, and the content thereof is preferably 0 to 80 mass %, more preferably 10 to 60 mass %, based on the total mass of resin A, converted into mass.

[0139] Physical properties of Resin A The acid value of resin A is not particularly limited, but is, for example, preferably 0 to 400 mgKOH / g, more preferably 10 to 350 mgKOH / g, further preferably 30 to 300 mgKOH / g, and particularly preferably 50 to 200 mgKOH / g. If the acid value of resin A is 50 mgKOH / g or more, the sedimentation stability of the magnetic particles can be further improved.

[0140] In this specification, the acid value can be calculated, for example, from the average content of acid groups in the compound. Furthermore, a resin having a desired acid value can be obtained by changing the content of repeating units containing acid groups in the resin.

[0141] The weight-average molecular weight of Resin A is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 3,000 or more, more preferably 4,000 or more, even more preferably 5,000 or more, and particularly preferably 6,000 or more.The upper limit is, for example, preferably 300,000 or less, more preferably 200,000 or less, even more preferably 100,000 or less, and particularly preferably 50,000 or less. Resin A can be synthesized based on a known method.

[0142] Specific examples of Resin A can be found in the polymer compounds described in paragraphs 0127 to 0129 of JP-A No. 2013-249417, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0143] Furthermore, as the resin A, the graft copolymers described in paragraphs 0037 to 0115 of JP 2010-106268 A (corresponding to paragraphs 0075 to 0133 of US 2011 / 0124824) can also be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0144] (aggregation control agent) The dispersing resin may be an aggregation control agent. The aggregation control agent has the function of binding to relatively dense aggregates such as magnetic particles, and further dispersing other optional components (e.g., alkali-soluble resins, etc.) in the composition to create bulky aggregates. When the dispersion resin contains an aggregation control agent, the magnetic particles in the composition are prevented from forming hard cakes, and bulkier aggregates are formed, which can improve redispersibility.

[0145] Examples of the aggregation control agent include cellulose derivatives. Examples of the cellulose derivatives include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylethyl cellulose, and salts thereof.

[0146] When the composition contains an aggregation control agent, the content of the aggregation control agent is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition.

[0147] (flocculating dispersant) The dispersing resin may be an agglomerating dispersant. The aggregating dispersant adsorbs to the surface of the magnetic particles, separating them from one another, while maintaining a certain distance between the magnetic particles through the interaction of the dispersants, thereby preventing the magnetic particles from aggregating directly. As a result, aggregation of the magnetic particles is suppressed, and even if aggregates are formed, they are formed with a relatively low density. Furthermore, other components optionally contained in the composition (e.g., alkali-soluble resins, etc.) can be dispersed in the composition to form bulky aggregates, which can improve redispersibility.

[0148] As the flocculating dispersant, alkylol ammonium salts of polybasic acids are preferred. The polybasic acid may have two or more acid groups, and examples thereof include acidic polymers containing repeating units having acid groups (e.g., polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polyphosphoric acid, etc.). Other examples of polybasic acids include polymers obtained by polymerizing unsaturated fatty acids such as crotonic acid. Alkylolammonium salts of polybasic acids can be obtained by reacting these polybasic acids with alkylolammonium. The salts obtained by such reactions typically contain the following partial structure: -C(=O)-N(-R 1 )(-R 2 -OH) where R 1 is an alkyl group, R 2 is an alkylene group. The alkylolammonium salt of a polybasic acid is preferably a polymer containing a plurality of the above partial structures. When the alkylolammonium salt of a polybasic acid is a polymer, the weight-average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, and more preferably 5,000 to 20,000. The polymer of the alkylolammonium salt of a polybasic acid bonds to the surface of the magnetic particles and forms hydrogen bonds with other aggregating dispersant molecules, allowing the main chain structure of the polymer to penetrate between the magnetic particles and separate the magnetic particles.

[0149] One preferred embodiment of the flocculating dispersant is amide wax, which is a dehydration condensation product of (a) at least any acid selected from saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, and (b) polybasic acids, and (c) at least any amine selected from diamines and tetraamines. The above (a) to (c) are preferably used in such a manner that the molar ratio of (a):(b):(c)=1-3:0-5:1-6.

[0150] The saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids preferably have a carbon number of 12 to 22. Specific examples include lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, and behenic acid. The hydroxy group-containing aliphatic monocarboxylic acids preferably have a carbon number of 12 to 22. Specific examples include 12-hydroxystearic acid and dihydroxystearic acid. These saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic monocarboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination.

[0151] The polybasic acids are preferably dibasic or higher carboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably dicarboxylic acids. Examples of such dicarboxylic acids include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, and 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid; aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid; and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and cyclohexylsuccinic acid. These polybasic acids may be used alone or in combination.

[0152] The diamines preferably have a carbon number of 2 to 14. Specific examples include ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, metaxylenediamine, tolylenediamine, paraxylenediamine, phenylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 4,4-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane. The tetraamines preferably have a carbon number of 2 to 14. Specific examples include butane-1,1,4,4-tetraamine and pyrimidine-2,4,5,6-tetraamine. These diamines and tetraamines may be used alone or in combination.

[0153] The amounts of diamines and tetraamines are adjusted according to the number of moles of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid or hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and the number of moles of polybasic acids so that the total number of carboxyl groups and the total number of amino groups are equivalent. For example, when n moles (n=0 to 5) of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, which is a polybasic acid, are used for 2 moles of aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and the number of moles of diamines is (n+1), the acid and amine are equivalent.

[0154] This amide wax is obtained as a mixture of multiple compounds having different molecular weights. The amide wax is preferably represented by the following chemical formula (I). The amide wax may be a single compound or a mixture. AC-(BC) m -A···(I) In formula (I), A represents a dehydroxylated residue of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and / or a hydroxy group-containing saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, B represents a dehydroxylated residue of a polybasic acid, C represents a dehydrogenated residue of a diamine and / or a tetraamine, and m is 0≦m≦5.

[0155] One preferred embodiment of the aggregation dispersant is a compound represented by the following formula (II).

[0156] [ka]

[0157] In formula (II), R 1 represents a monovalent linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 4, 6, or 8 carbon atoms, a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 carbon atoms, or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group; R 4 represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl ether group. In formula (II), L 1 ~L 3 each independently represents an amide bond, and L 1 and L 3 If -CONH-, L 2 is -NHCO-, and L 1 and L 3 When is -NHCO-, L 2 is -CONH-.

[0158] R 1is a monovalent linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include linear alkyl groups such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl, pentadecyl, stearyl, palmityl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, and behenyl groups; linear alkenyl groups such as decenyl, pentadecenyl, oleyl, and eicosenyl groups; and linear alkynyl groups such as pentadecenyl, octadecenyl, and nonadecenyl groups. Among them, R 1 In terms of having an excellent thickening effect and being able to suppress the amount of remaining ash to an extremely low level even when fired at a low temperature, a monovalent linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 14 to 25 carbon atoms is preferred, and a monovalent linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 18 to 21 carbon atoms is particularly preferred. The linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group.

[0159] R 2 and R 3 Examples of the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 4, 6 or 8 carbon atoms include an ethylene group, an n-butylene group, an n-hexylene group and an n-octylene group. R 2 and R 3 Examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 carbon atoms in the formula include a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,3-cyclohexylene group, and a 1,2-cyclohexylene group. R 2 and R 3 Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group include arylene groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,3-phenylene group, and a 1,2-phenylene group.

[0160] Among them, R 2 and R 3 In terms of excellent thickening effect, is preferably a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 4, 6 or 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 or 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 carbon atoms. The divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a linear alkylene group.

[0161] R 4 represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and among these, a linear or branched alkylene group is preferred, with a linear alkylene group being particularly preferred, in terms of excellent thickening effect. Also, R 4 The divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group in the formula (I) has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 7, more preferably 3 to 7, even more preferably 3 to 6, and particularly preferably 3 to 5, in view of excellent thickening effect. Therefore, R 4 is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, still more preferably a linear alkylene group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a linear alkylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably a linear alkylene group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0162] R 5 and R 6 Examples of the monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the formula (I) include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or an isopropyl group; linear or branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, such as a vinyl group, a 1-methylvinyl group, or a 2-propenyl group; and linear or branched alkynyl groups having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, such as an ethynyl group or a propynyl group.

[0163] R 5 and R 6 Examples of the hydroxyalkyl ether group in the formula (I) include mono- or di(hydroxy) C groups such as a 2-hydroxyethoxy group, a 2-hydroxypropoxy group, and a 2,3-dihydroxypropoxy group. 1-3 Examples include alkyl ether groups.

[0164] Among them, R 5 and R 6 are each independently preferably a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methyl group.

[0165] The compound represented by formula (II) is preferably a compound represented by the following formulas (II-1) to (II-9).

[0166] [ka]

[0167] Examples of the flocculating dispersant include ANTI-TERRA-203, 204, 206, and 250 (all trade names, manufactured by BYK); ANTI-TERRA-U (trade name, manufactured by BYK); DISPER BYK-102, 180, and 191 (all trade names, manufactured by BYK); BYK-P105 (trade name, manufactured by BYK); TEGO Disper 630 and 700 (all trade names, manufactured by Evonik Degussa Japan); TALEN VA-705B (trade name, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.); and FLOWNON RCM-300TL (trade name, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., Amide Wax).

[0168] When the composition contains an aggregating dispersant, the content of the aggregating dispersant is preferably from 0.1 to 20% by mass, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition.

[0169] <Alkali-soluble resin> The resin in the present invention may contain an alkali-soluble resin. In this specification, the alkali-soluble resin refers to a resin containing a group that promotes alkali solubility (an alkali-soluble group, for example, an acid group such as a carboxylic acid group), and refers to a resin different from the resin A already described.

[0170] Examples of alkali-soluble resins include resins containing at least one alkali-soluble group in the molecule, such as polyhydroxystyrene resins, polysiloxane resins, (meth)acrylic resins, (meth)acrylamide resins, (meth)acrylic / (meth)acrylamide copolymers, epoxy resins, and polyimide resins.

[0171] Specific examples of alkali-soluble resins include copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids and ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The unsaturated carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include monocarboxylic acids such as (meth)acrylic acid, crotonic acid, and vinylacetic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid, or acid anhydrides thereof; and polycarboxylic acid monoesters such as mono(2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl)phthalate.

[0172] Examples of copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds include methyl (meth)acrylate, etc. Compounds described in paragraph 0027 of JP-A No. 2010-97210 and paragraphs 0036-0037 of JP-A No. 2015-68893 can also be used, and the contents of the above are incorporated herein by reference.

[0173] Furthermore, a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain may be used in combination, i.e., the alkali-soluble resin may contain a repeating unit having an ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain. The ethylenically unsaturated group contained in the side chain is preferably a (meth)acrylic acid group. A repeating unit containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain can be obtained, for example, by subjecting a carboxylic acid group of a (meth)acrylic repeating unit containing a carboxylic acid group to an addition reaction with an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing a glycidyl group or an alicyclic epoxy group.

[0174] The alkali-soluble resin is also preferably an alkali-soluble resin containing a curable group. Examples of the curable group include, but are not limited to, ethylenically unsaturated groups (e.g., (meth)acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, and styryl groups), and cyclic ether groups (e.g., epoxy groups and oxetanyl groups). Among these, the curable group is preferably an ethylenically unsaturated group, more preferably a (meth)acryloyl group, in that polymerization can be controlled by a radical reaction. The alkali-soluble resin containing a curable group is preferably an alkali-soluble resin having a curable group in a side chain, etc. Examples of alkali-soluble resins containing a curable group include the Dianal NR series (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.), Photomer 6173 (a COOH-containing polyurethane acrylic oligomer, manufactured by Diamond Shamrock Co., Ltd.), Viscoat R-264, and KS Resist 106 (all manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Ltd.), the Cyclomer P series (e.g., ACA230AA), the Plaxel CF200 series (all manufactured by Daicel Corporation), Ebecryl 3800 (manufactured by Daicel-Allnex Corporation), and Acricur RD-F8 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.).

[0175] Examples of alkali-soluble resins include radical polymers containing carboxylic acid groups in the side chains described in JP-A-59-44615, JP-B-54-34327, JP-B-58-12577, JP-B-54-25957, JP-A-54-92723, JP-A-59-53836, and JP-A-59-71048; Examples of binder resins that can be used include acetal-modified polyvinyl alcohol binder resins containing alkali-soluble groups as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 1-318463; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyethylene oxide; alcohol-soluble nylon; and polyethers that are reaction products of 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane and epichlorohydrin; and polyimide resins as described in International Publication No. 2008 / 123097.

[0176] As the alkali-soluble resin, for example, compounds described in paragraphs 0225 to 0245 of JP-A No. 2016-75845 can also be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0177] The alkali-soluble resin may also be a polyimide precursor, which refers to a resin obtained by subjecting a compound containing an acid anhydride group and a diamine compound to an addition polymerization reaction at 40 to 100°C. Specific examples of the polyimide precursor include the compounds described in paragraphs 0011 to 0031 of JP-A-2008-106250, the compounds described in paragraphs 0022 to 0039 of JP-A-2016-122101, the compounds described in paragraphs 0061 to 0092 of JP-A-2016-68401, the resins described in paragraph 0050 of JP-A-2014-137523, the resins described in paragraph 0058 of JP-A-2015-187676, and the resins described in paragraphs 0012 to 0013 of JP-A-2014-106326, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0178] As the alkali-soluble resin, a copolymer of benzyl (meth)acrylate / (meth)acrylic acid / if necessary, other addition-polymerizable vinyl monomers and a copolymer of allyl (meth)acrylate / (meth)acrylic acid / if necessary, other addition-polymerizable vinyl monomers are preferred, as they have an excellent balance of film strength, sensitivity, and developability. The other addition-polymerizable vinyl monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The copolymer preferably contains a curable group, and more preferably contains an ethylenically unsaturated group such as a (meth)acryloyl group, in order to provide a cured film with better moisture resistance. For example, a curable group may be introduced into the copolymer by using a monomer having a curable group as the other addition-polymerizable vinyl monomer. Also, a curable group (preferably an ethylenically unsaturated group such as a (meth)acryloyl group) may be introduced into some or all of one or more of the units derived from (meth)acrylic acid and / or the units derived from the other addition-polymerizable vinyl monomer in the copolymer. Examples of the other addition-polymerizable vinyl monomers include methyl (meth)acrylate, styrene-based monomers (hydroxystyrene, etc.), and ether dimers. Examples of the ether dimer include a compound represented by the following general formula (ED1) and a compound represented by the following general formula (ED2).

[0179] [ka]

[0180] In general formula (ED1), R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.

[0181] [ka]

[0182] In the general formula (ED2), R represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having a carbon number of 1 to 30. Specific examples of the general formula (ED2) can be found in JP-A No. 2010-168539.

[0183] Specific examples of the ether dimers can be found in, for example, paragraph 0317 of JP 2013-29760 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The ether dimers may be of one type only, or of two or more types.

[0184] The acid value of the alkali-soluble resin is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably 30 to 500 mgKOH / g, more preferably 50 to 200 mgKOH / g or more.

[0185] When the composition contains an alkali-soluble resin, the content of the alkali-soluble resin is preferably 0.1 to 40 mass %, more preferably 0.5 to 30 mass %, and particularly preferably 1 to 20 mass %, relative to the total mass of the composition.

[0186] 〔solvent〕 The composition contains a solvent. Examples of the solvent include water and organic solvents, with organic solvents being preferred. From the viewpoint of coatability, the boiling point of the solvent is preferably from 100 to 400° C., more preferably from 150 to 300° C., and particularly preferably from 170 to 250° C. In this specification, the boiling point means the normal boiling point unless otherwise specified.

[0187] Examples of organic solvents include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, acetylacetone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Examples of suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, butyl acetate, 1,4-butanediol diacetate, 3-methoxypropanol, methoxymethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, 3-methoxypropyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolactone, butyl acetate, methyl lactate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and ethyl lactate.

[0188] The content of the solvent is preferably from 1 to 60 mass %, more preferably from 2 to 50 mass %, particularly preferably from 3 to 40 mass %, relative to the total mass of the composition, in terms of achieving better effects of the present invention.

[0189] [Polymerization initiator] The composition may contain a polymerization initiator. The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and known polymerization initiators can be used. Examples of the polymerization initiator include a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator, and a photopolymerization initiator is preferred. Note that the polymerization initiator is preferably a so-called radical polymerization initiator. The content of the polymerization initiator in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 15 mass %, more preferably 1.0 to 10 mass %, and even more preferably 1.5 to 8.0 mass %, based on the total solid content of the composition.

[0190] <Thermal polymerization initiator> Examples of the thermal polymerization initiator include azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 3-carboxypropionitrile, azobismalononitrile, and dimethyl-(2,2')-azobis(2-methylpropionate) [V-601], and organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and potassium persulfate. Specific examples of the polymerization initiator include those described on pages 65 to 148 of "Ultraviolet Curing System" by Kato Kiyomi (published by Sogo Gijutsu Center Co., Ltd., 1989).

[0191] <Photopolymerization initiator> The photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can initiate polymerization of the polymerizable compound, and known photopolymerization initiators can be used. As the photopolymerization initiator, for example, a photopolymerization initiator having photosensitivity to light in the ultraviolet to visible light range is preferred. In addition, it may be an activator that reacts with a photoexcited sensitizer to generate active radicals, or an initiator that initiates cationic polymerization depending on the type of polymerizable compound. The photopolymerization initiator preferably contains at least one compound having a molar absorption coefficient of at least 50 within a range of 300 to 800 nm (more preferably 330 to 500 nm).

[0192] Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives (e.g., compounds containing a triazine skeleton, compounds containing an oxadiazole skeleton, etc.), acylphosphine compounds such as acylphosphine oxide, hexaarylbiimidazole, oxime compounds such as oxime derivatives, organic peroxides, thio compounds, ketone compounds, aromatic onium salts, aminoacetophenone compounds, and hydroxyacetophenone. Specific examples of photopolymerization initiators can be found in, for example, paragraphs 0265 to 0268 of JP-A No. 2013-29760, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0193] More specifically, the photopolymerization initiator may be, for example, an aminoacetophenone-based initiator described in JP-A-10-291969 or an acylphosphine-based initiator described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898. As the hydroxyacetophenone compound, for example, IRGACURE-184, DAROCUR-1173, IRGACURE-500, IRGACURE-2959, and IRGACURE-127 (trade names, all manufactured by BASF) can be used. As the aminoacetophenone compound, for example, commercially available products such as IRGACURE-907, IRGACURE-369, and IRGACURE-379EG (trade names, all manufactured by BASF) can be used. As the aminoacetophenone compound, compounds described in JP-A-2009-191179, which have an absorption wavelength matching a long-wavelength light source such as a wavelength of 365 nm or 405 nm, can also be used. As the acylphosphine compound, commercially available products IRGACURE-819 and IRGACURE-TPO (trade names, both manufactured by BASF) can be used.

[0194] As the photopolymerization initiator, an oxime ester-based polymerization initiator (oxime compound) is more preferred. In particular, an oxime compound is preferred because it has high sensitivity and high polymerization efficiency, and it is easy to design a composition with a high content of coloring material. Specific examples of the oxime compound that can be used include the compounds described in JP-A No. 2001-233842, JP-A No. 2000-80068, and JP-A No. 2006-342166. Examples of oxime compounds include 3-benzoyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-acetoxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-propionyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 2-acetoxyiminopentan-3-one, 2-acetoxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-benzoyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 3-(4-toluenesulfonyloxy)iminobutan-2-one, and 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one. Further examples include compounds described in J.C.S. Perkin II (1979) pp. 1653-1660, J.C.S. Perkin II (1979) pp. 156-162, Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology (1995) pp. 202-232, JP-A No. 2000-66385, and JP-A No. 2004-534797. Commercially available products such as IRGACURE-OXE01 (manufactured by BASF), IRGACURE-OXE02 (manufactured by BASF), IRGACURE-OXE03 (manufactured by BASF), and IRGACURE-OXE04 (manufactured by BASF) are also preferred. TR-PBG-304 (manufactured by Changzhou Strong Electronic New Materials Co., Ltd.), Adeka Arcles NCI-831, Adeka Arcles NCI-930 (manufactured by ADEKA), and N-1919 (a photoinitiator containing a carbazole oxime ester skeleton (manufactured by ADEKA)) can also be used.

[0195] Further, as oxime compounds other than those described above, the compound disclosed in JP-T-2009-519904 A in which an oxime is linked to the N-position of the carbazole; the compound disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,626,957 A in which a heterosubstituent is introduced at the benzophenone moiety; the compounds disclosed in JP-A-2010-15025 A and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009-292039 A in which a nitro group is introduced at the dye moiety; the ketoxime compounds disclosed in WO-A-2009-131189 A; and the compound disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,556,910 A which contains a triazine skeleton and an oxime skeleton in the same molecule; and the compound disclosed in JP-A-2009-221114 A which has an absorption maximum at 405 nm and has good sensitivity to a g-line light source. For example, see paragraphs 0274 to 0275 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-29760, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Specifically, the oxime compound is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (OX-1): The oxime compound may be an oxime compound in which the NO bond is an (E) form, an oxime compound in which the NO bond is an (Z) form, or a mixture of the (E) and (Z) forms.

[0196] [ka]

[0197] In formula (OX-1), R and B each independently represent a monovalent substituent, A represents a divalent organic group, and Ar represents an aryl group. In formula (OX-1), the monovalent substituent represented by R is preferably a monovalent non-metallic atomic group. Examples of the monovalent nonmetallic atomic group include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkylthiocarbonyl group, and an arylthiocarbonyl group. These groups may have one or more substituents. The aforementioned substituents may be further substituted with other substituents. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkyl group, and an aryl group. In formula (OX-1), the monovalent substituent represented by B is preferably an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an arylcarbonyl group, or a heterocycliccarbonyl group, and more preferably an aryl group or a heterocyclic group. These groups may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituent include the substituents described above. In formula (OX-1), the divalent organic group represented by A is preferably an alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, or alkynylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. These groups may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituents include the substituents described above.

[0198] As the photopolymerization initiator, an oxime compound containing a fluorine atom can also be used. Specific examples of the oxime compound containing a fluorine atom include the compounds described in JP-A-2010-262028; compounds 24, 36 to 40 described in JP-A-2014-500852; and compound (C-3) described in JP-A-2013-164471. The contents of these compounds are incorporated herein by reference.

[0199] As the photopolymerization initiator, compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (4) can also be used.

[0200] [ka]

[0201] [ka]

[0202] In formula (1), R 1 and R 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; R 1 and R 2 When R is a phenyl group, the phenyl groups may be bonded to each other to form a fluorene group, and R 3 and R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and X represents a direct bond or a carbonyl group.

[0203] In equation (2), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is R in Equation (1). 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is synonymous with R 5 -R 6 , -OR 6 , -SR 6 , -COR 6 , -CONR 6 R 6 , -NR 6 COR 6 , -OCOR 6 , -COOR 6 , -SCOR 6 , -OCSR 6, -COSR 6 , -CSOR 6 , -CN, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group; R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; X represents a direct bond or a carbonyl group; and a represents an integer of 0 to 4.

[0204] In equation (3), R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; R 3 and R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and X represents a direct bond or a carbonyl group.

[0205] In equation (4), R 1 , R 3 , and R 4 is R in Equation (3) 1 , R 3 , and R 4 is synonymous with R 5 -R 6 , -OR 6 , -SR 6 , -COR 6 , -CONR 6 R 6 , -NR 6 COR 6 , -OCOR 6 , -COOR 6 , -SCOR 6 , -OCSR 6 , -COSR 6 , -CSOR 6 , -CN, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group; R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; X represents a direct bond or a carbonyl group; and a represents an integer of 0 to 4.

[0206] In the above formulas (1) and (2), R 1 and R 2 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or a phenyl group. 3 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group, or a xylyl group. 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. 5 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group, or a naphthyl group. X is preferably a direct bond. In addition, in the above formulas (3) and (4), R 1 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or a phenyl group. 3 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group, or a xylyl group. 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. 5 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group, or a naphthyl group. X is preferably a direct bond. Specific examples of the compounds represented by formula (1) and formula (2) include the compounds described in paragraphs 0076 to 0079 of JP-A No. 2014-137466, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0207] Specific examples of oxime compounds that can be preferably used in the above composition are shown below: Among the oxime compounds shown below, the oxime compounds represented by general formula (C-13) are more preferred. In addition, the compounds described in Table 1 of International Publication No. 2015-036910 can also be used as oxime compounds, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0208] [ka]

[0209] [ka]

[0210] The oxime compound preferably has a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength region of 350 to 500 nm, more preferably in the wavelength region of 360 to 480 nm, and further preferably has high absorbance at wavelengths of 365 nm and 405 nm. The molar absorption coefficient of the oxime compound at 365 nm or 405 nm is preferably from 1,000 to 300,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 300,000, and even more preferably from 5,000 to 200,000, from the viewpoint of sensitivity. The molar absorption coefficient of a compound can be measured by a known method, but it is preferable to measure it, for example, using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Varian Cary-5 spectrophotometer) using ethyl acetate at a concentration of 0.01 g / L. Two or more photopolymerization initiators may be used in combination as needed.

[0211] In addition, as the photopolymerization initiator, compounds described in paragraph 0052 of JP-A No. 2008-260927, paragraphs 0033 to 0037 of JP-A No. 2010-97210, and paragraph 0044 of JP-A No. 2015-68893 can also be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0212] [Polymerizable compound] The composition of the present invention may contain a polymerizable compound. In this specification, the polymerizable compound means a compound that polymerizes under the action of the above-mentioned polymerization initiator, and means a component different from the resin in the composition of the present invention.

[0213] The content of the polymerizable compound in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 25 mass %, more preferably 1 to 20 mass %, and even more preferably 3 to 15 mass %, based on the total solid content of the composition. The molecular weight (or weight average molecular weight) of the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2000 or less.

[0214] The polymerizable compound is preferably a compound containing a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond (hereinafter also simply referred to as an "ethylenically unsaturated group"). That is, the composition of the present invention preferably contains a low molecular weight compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group as a polymerizable compound. The polymerizable compound is preferably a compound containing one or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds, more preferably a compound containing two or more, even more preferably a compound containing three or more, and particularly preferably a compound containing five or more. The upper limit is, for example, 15 or less. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated groups include a vinyl group, a (meth)allyl group, and a (meth)acryloyl group.

[0215] As the polymerizable compound, for example, the compounds described in paragraph 0050 of JP-A No. 2008-260927 and paragraph 0040 of JP-A No. 2015-68893 can be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0216] The polymerizable compound may be in any chemical form, such as a monomer, a prepolymer, an oligomer, a mixture thereof, or a polymer thereof. The polymerizable compound is preferably a 3- to 15-functional (meth)acrylate compound, more preferably a 3- to 6-functional (meth)acrylate compound.

[0217] The polymerizable compound is also preferably a compound containing one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups and having a boiling point of 100° C. or higher under normal pressure. For example, see the compounds described in paragraph

[0227] of JP-A No. 2013-29760 and paragraphs

[0254] to

[0257] of JP-A No. 2008-292970, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0218] Preferred polymerizable compounds include dipentaerythritol triacrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-330, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-320, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-310, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate (commercially available KAYARAD DPHA, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and A-DPH-12E, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), and compounds having a structure in which the (meth)acryloyl group is connected via an ethylene glycol residue or a propylene glycol residue (e.g., SR454 and SR499, commercially available from Sartomer). Oligomeric types of these compounds can also be used. Additionally, NK Ester A-TMMT (pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), KAYARAD RP-1040, KAYARAD DPEA-12LT, KAYARAD DPHA LT, KAYARAD RP-3060, and KAYARAD DPEA-12 (all trade names, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), etc. may also be used. Preferred embodiments of the polymerizable compound are shown below.

[0219] The polymerizable compound may have an acid group such as a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, or a phosphoric acid group. The polymerizable compound containing an acid group is preferably an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, more preferably a polymerizable compound in which an acid group is provided by reacting an unreacted hydroxyl group of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound with a non-aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride, and even more preferably a compound in which the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is pentaerythritol and / or dipentaerythritol. Examples of commercially available products include Aronix TO-2349, M-305, M-510, and M-520 manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.

[0220] The acid value of the polymerizable compound containing an acid group is preferably 0.1 to 40 mgKOH / g, more preferably 5 to 30 mgKOH / g. If the acid value of the polymerizable compound is 0.1 mgKOH / g or more, the development solubility is good, and if it is 40 mgKOH / g or less, it is advantageous in terms of production and / or handling. Furthermore, the photopolymerization performance is good and the curing property is excellent.

[0221] In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable compound is a compound containing a caprolactone structure. The compound containing a caprolactone structure is not particularly limited as long as it contains a caprolactone structure in the molecule, and examples thereof include ε-caprolactone-modified polyfunctional (meth)acrylates obtained by esterifying a polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolethane, ditrimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, glycerin, diglycerol, or trimethylolmelamine with (meth)acrylic acid and ε-caprolactone. Among these, compounds containing a caprolactone structure represented by the following formula (Z-1) are preferred.

[0222] [ka]

[0223] In formula (Z-1), all six R's are groups represented by the following formula (Z-2), or 1 to 5 of the six R's are groups represented by the following formula (Z-2), and the remainder are groups represented by the following formula (Z-3).

[0224] [ka]

[0225] In formula (Z-2), R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m represents the number 1 or 2, and "*" represents a bond.

[0226] [ka]

[0227] In formula (Z-3), R 1 indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and "*" indicates a bond.

[0228] Polymerizable compounds containing a caprolactone structure are commercially available, for example, from Nippon Kayaku as the KAYARAD DPCA series, and include DPCA-20 (where m=1 in the above formulas (Z-1) to (Z-3), the number of groups represented by formula (Z-2)=2, and R 1 are all hydrogen atoms), DPCA-30 (same formula, m=1, number of groups represented by formula (Z-2)=3, R 1 are all hydrogen atoms), DPCA-60 (same formula, m=1, number of groups represented by formula (Z-2)=6, R 1 are all hydrogen atoms), and DPCA-120 (in the formula, m=2, the number of groups represented by formula (Z-2)=6, R 1 are all hydrogen atoms). Furthermore, an example of a commercially available polymerizable compound containing a caprolactone structure is M-350 (trade name) (trimethylolpropane triacrylate) manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.

[0229] The polymerizable compound may also be a compound represented by the following formula (Z-4) or (Z-5).

[0230] [ka]

[0231] In formulas (Z-4) and (Z-5), E is -((CH2) y CH2O)- or ((CH2) y CH(CH3)O)-, y represents an integer of 0 to 10, and X represents a (meth)acryloyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a carboxylic acid group. In formula (Z-4), the total number of (meth)acryloyl groups is 3 or 4, m represents an integer of 0 to 10, and the sum of the m's is an integer of 0 to 40. In formula (Z-5), the total number of (meth)acryloyl groups is 5 or 6, n represents an integer of 0 to 10, and the sum of all n's is an integer of 0 to 60.

[0232] In formula (Z-4), m is preferably an integer of 0 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 4. The sum of the m's is preferably an integer of 2 to 40, more preferably an integer of 2 to 16, and even more preferably an integer of 4 to 8. In formula (Z-5), n is preferably an integer of 0 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 4. The sum of the n's is preferably an integer of 3 to 60, more preferably an integer of 3 to 24, and even more preferably an integer of 6 to 12. In addition, -((CH2) y CH2O)- or ((CH2) y In the case of CH(CH3)O)-, the terminal on the oxygen atom side is preferably bonded to X.

[0233] The compound represented by formula (Z-4) or formula (Z-5) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, in formula (Z-5), an embodiment in which all six Xs are acryloyl groups, and an embodiment in which all six Xs are acryloyl groups in formula (Z-5) are a mixture of a compound in which at least one of the six Xs is a hydrogen atom are preferred. Such a configuration can further improve developability.

[0234] The total content of the compound represented by formula (Z-4) or formula (Z-5) in the polymerizable compound is preferably 20% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more. Among the compounds represented by formula (Z-4) or formula (Z-5), pentaerythritol derivatives and / or dipentaerythritol derivatives are more preferred.

[0235] The polymerizable compound may also contain a cardo skeleton. As the polymerizable compound containing a cardo skeleton, a polymerizable compound containing a 9,9-bisarylfluorene skeleton is preferred. The polymerizable compound containing a cardo skeleton is not limited, but examples thereof include Oncoat EX series (manufactured by Nagase & Co., Ltd.) and Oxol (manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd.). The polymerizable compound is also preferably a compound containing an isocyanuric acid skeleton as a central core. An example of such a polymerizable compound is NK Ester A-9300 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.). The content of ethylenically unsaturated groups in the polymerizable compound (meaning the value obtained by dividing the number of ethylenically unsaturated groups in the polymerizable compound by the molecular weight (g / mol) of the polymerizable compound) is preferably 5.0 mmol / g or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is generally 20.0 mmol / g or less.

[0236] It is also preferable to use an oxacyclo compound as the polymerizable compound. As the oxacyclo compound, a compound having an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group is preferable, and a compound having an epoxy group (epoxy compound) is particularly preferable. Specific examples of such polymerizable compounds include monofunctional or polyfunctional glycidyl ether compounds. Commercially available polyfunctional aliphatic glycidyl ether compounds include Denacol EX-212L, EX-214L, EX-216L, EX-321L, and EX-850L (all manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation). These are low-chlorine products, but non-low-chlorine products such as EX-212, EX-214, EX-216, EX-321, EX-614, and EX-850 can also be used. Alternatively, a commercially available product such as Celloxide 2021P (manufactured by Daicel Corporation, a multifunctional epoxy monomer) can also be used.

[0237] [Polymerization inhibitor] The composition may also include a polymerization inhibitor. The polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, and known polymerization inhibitors can be used. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include phenol-based polymerization inhibitors (e.g., p-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4-methoxynaphthol, etc.); hydroquinone-based polymerization inhibitors (e.g., hydroquinone, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, etc.); quinone, etc.); quinone-based polymerization inhibitors (e.g., benzoquinone, etc.); free radical-based polymerization inhibitors (e.g., 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl free radical, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl free radical, etc.); nitrobenzene-based polymerization inhibitors (e.g., nitrobenzene, 4-nitrotoluene, etc.); and phenothiazine-based polymerization inhibitors (e.g., phenothiazine, 2-methoxyphenothiazine, etc.); and the like. Among these, phenol-based polymerization inhibitors or free radical-based polymerization inhibitors are preferred.

[0238] The effect of the polymerization inhibitor is remarkable when used together with a resin containing a curable group. The content of the polymerization inhibitor in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0001 to 0.5 mass %, more preferably 0.0001 to 0.2 mass %, and even more preferably 0.0001 to 0.05 mass %, based on the total solid content of the composition. Furthermore, the ratio of the content of the polymerization inhibitor to the content of the polymerizable compound in the composition (content of the polymerization inhibitor / content of the polymerizable compound (mass ratio)) is preferably more than 0.0005, more preferably 0.0006 to 0.02, and even more preferably 0.0006 to 0.005.

[0239] [Surfactant] The composition may contain a surfactant, which contributes to improving the applicability of the composition. When the composition contains a surfactant, the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 2.0 mass %, more preferably 0.005 to 0.5 mass %, and even more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mass %, relative to the total solid content of the composition.

[0240] Examples of surfactants include fluorine-based surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and silicone surfactants.

[0241] For example, if the composition contains a fluorine-based surfactant, the liquid properties (particularly, fluidity) of the composition are further improved. That is, when a film is formed using a composition containing a fluorine-based surfactant, the interfacial tension between the surface to be coated and the coating liquid is reduced, improving the wettability of the surface to be coated and the coatability of the surface to be coated. Therefore, even when a thin film of about several μm is formed using a small amount of liquid, it is effective in that a film of uniform thickness with little thickness variation can be more suitably formed.

[0242] The fluorine content in the fluorine-containing surfactant is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and even more preferably 7 to 25% by mass. A fluorine-containing surfactant having a fluorine content within this range is effective in terms of uniformity of the thickness of the coating film and / or liquid saving, and also has good solubility in the composition.

[0243] Examples of fluorine-based surfactants include Megafac F171, F172, F173, F176, F177, F141, F142, F143, F144, R30, F437, F475, F479, F482, F554, and F780 (all manufactured by DIC Corporation); Fluorad FC430, FC431, and FC171 (all manufactured by DIC Corporation); manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited); Surflon S-382, Surflon SC-101, Surflon SC-103, Surflon SC-104, Surflon SC-105, Surflon SC-1068, Surflon SC-381, Surflon SC-383, Surflon S-393, and Surflon KH-40 (all manufactured by AGC); and PF636, PF656, PF6320, PF6520, and PF7002 (manufactured by OMNOVA). Block polymers can also be used as fluorine-based surfactants, and specific examples include compounds described in JP-A-2011-89090.

[0244] [Other optional ingredients] The composition may further contain other optional components in addition to the components described above, such as a sensitizer, a co-sensitizer, a crosslinking agent (curing agent), a curing accelerator, a heat curing accelerator, a plasticizer, a diluent, an oil-sensitizing agent, and a rubber component, and may further contain known additives such as an adhesion promoter for the substrate surface and other auxiliaries (e.g., an antifoaming agent, a flame retardant, a leveling agent, a release accelerator, an antioxidant, a fragrance, a surface tension modifier, and a chain transfer agent) as needed.

[0245] [Physical Properties of Composition] The viscosity of the composition at 23°C is preferably 1 to 10,000 Pa·s, more preferably 10 to 5,000 Pa·s, and particularly preferably 50 to 1,000 Pa·s when the shear rate is 0.1 (1 / s), as this provides better sedimentation stability of the magnetic particles. When the shear rate is 1000 (1 / s), the viscosity of the composition at 23°C is preferably 100 Pa s or less, more preferably 50 Pa s or less, and particularly preferably 10 Pa s or less, in order to improve the sedimentation stability of the magnetic particles. When the shear rate is 1000 (1 / s), the lower limit is preferably 0.001 Pa s or more. Here, the viscosity of the composition at 23°C can be obtained by measuring at 23°C using MCR-102 (manufactured by Anton Paar) while increasing the speed from 0.1 / s to 1000 / s.

[0246] [Method for producing the composition] The composition can be prepared by mixing the above components by a known mixing method (for example, a mixing method using a stirrer, a homogenizer, a high-pressure emulsifier, a wet grinder, or a wet disperser). In preparing the composition of the present invention, the components may be mixed together or may be dissolved or dispersed in a solvent and then mixed sequentially. The order of addition and working conditions for mixing are not particularly limited.

[0247] [Magnetic particle-containing film] The magnetic particle-containing film of the present invention is formed using the magnetic particle-containing composition of the present invention described above. The thickness of the magnetic particle-containing film is preferably 1 to 10,000 μm, more preferably 10 to 1,000 μm, and particularly preferably 15 to 800 μm, in terms of superior magnetic permeability. The magnetic particle-containing film is suitably used as an electronic component such as an antenna or inductor mounted in electronic communication equipment or the like.

[0248] [Method for producing a magnetic particle-containing film] The magnetic particle-containing film of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by curing the above-mentioned composition. The method for producing the magnetic particle-containing film is not particularly limited, but preferably includes the following steps. ·Composition layer formation process ·Curing process

[0249] <Composition layer formation process> In the composition layer forming step, a magnetic particle-containing composition is applied onto a substrate (support) or the like to form a layer of the magnetic particle-containing composition (composition layer). The substrate may be, for example, a wiring board having an antenna part or an inductor part.

[0250] The magnetic particle-containing composition can be applied to a substrate by various coating methods, such as slit coating, inkjet coating, spin coating, casting coating, roll coating, and screen printing. The film thickness of the composition layer is preferably 1 to 10,000 μm, more preferably 10 to 1,000 μm, and particularly preferably 15 to 800 μm. The composition layer applied to the substrate can be dried (prebaked) for 10 to 1,800 seconds at a temperature of 50 to 140° C. using a hot plate or oven, for example.

[0251] <Curing process> The curing step is not particularly limited as long as it can cure the composition layer, and examples thereof include a heat treatment for heating the composition layer and an exposure treatment for irradiating the composition layer with actinic rays or radiation.

[0252] When heat treatment is carried out, the heat treatment can be carried out continuously or batchwise using a heating means such as a hot plate, a convection oven (hot air circulation dryer), or a high-frequency heater. The heating temperature in the heat treatment is preferably 120 to 260°C, particularly preferably 150 to 240°C. The pre-baking in the composition layer forming step may also serve as the heat treatment in the curing step.

[0253] When exposure treatment is carried out, the method of irradiating with actinic rays or radiation is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to irradiate through a photomask having patterned openings. The exposure is preferably carried out by irradiation with radiation. The radiation that can be used for exposure is preferably ultraviolet light such as g-ray, h-ray, and i-ray, and the light source is preferably a high-pressure mercury lamp. The irradiation intensity is 5 to 1500 mJ / cm. 2 is preferred, and 10 to 1000 mJ / cm 2 is more preferred. When the magnetic particle-containing composition contains a thermal polymerization initiator, the composition layer may be heated during the exposure treatment. The heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 to 250°C. The heating time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 300 seconds. In addition, when the composition layer is heated in the exposure treatment, this may also serve as a post-heating step described below. In other words, when the composition layer is heated in the exposure treatment, the method for producing a magnetic particle-containing film does not need to include a post-heating step.

[0254] <Developing process> When an exposure treatment is performed in the curing step, a development step may be further included. The development step is a step of developing the composition layer after exposure to form a magnetic particle-containing film. By this step, the composition layer in the unexposed areas is eluted, leaving only the photocured areas, thereby obtaining a patterned magnetic particle-containing film. The type of developer used in the development step is not particularly limited, but an alkaline developer that does not damage circuits and the like is desirable. The development temperature is, for example, 20 to 30°C. The developing time is, for example, 20 to 90 seconds. In recent years, the developing time may be extended to 120 to 180 seconds to more effectively remove residues. Furthermore, to further improve residue removal, the developer may be shaken off every 60 seconds and new developer may be supplied, and this process may be repeated several times.

[0255] The alkaline developer is preferably an alkaline aqueous solution prepared by dissolving an alkaline compound in water to a concentration of 0.001 to 10% by mass (preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass). Examples of alkaline compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, aqueous ammonia, ethylamine, diethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, choline, pyrrole, piperidine, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (among these, organic alkalis are preferred). When an alkaline developer is used, a washing treatment with water is generally carried out after development.

[0256] <Post-bake> When an exposure treatment is performed in the curing step, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment (post-bake) after the curing step. Post-bake is a heat treatment after development to complete curing. The heating temperature is preferably 240°C or less, more preferably 220°C or less. There is no particular lower limit, but in consideration of efficient and effective treatment, it is preferably 50°C or more, more preferably 100°C or more. Post-baking can be carried out continuously or batchwise using a heating means such as a hot plate, a convection oven (hot air circulation dryer), or a high-frequency heater.

[0257] The post-baking is preferably carried out in an atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration. The oxygen concentration is preferably 19% by volume or less, more preferably 15% by volume or less, even more preferably 10% by volume or less, particularly preferably 7% by volume or less, and most preferably 3% by volume or less. There is no particular lower limit, but a concentration of 10 ppm by volume or more is practical.

[0258] Moreover, instead of the post-baking by heating, the curing may be completed by UV (ultraviolet) irradiation. In this case, the magnetic particle-containing composition preferably further contains a UV curing agent. The UV curing agent is preferably a UV curing agent that can be cured at a wavelength shorter than 365 nm, which is the exposure wavelength of the polymerization initiator added for a typical i-line exposure lithography process. Examples of UV curing agents include Omnirad 2959 (trade name) (manufactured by IGM Resins BV). When UV irradiation is performed, the composition layer is preferably a material that cures at a wavelength of 340 nm or less. While there is no particular lower limit for the wavelength, 220 nm or more is typical. The exposure dose of UV irradiation is preferably 100 to 5,000 mJ, more preferably 300 to 4,000 mJ, and even more preferably 800 to 3,500 mJ. This UV curing step is preferably performed after exposure treatment to more effectively achieve low-temperature curing. An ozone-free mercury lamp is preferably used as the exposure light source.

[0259] [Electronic Components] The electronic component of the present invention includes the magnetic particle-containing film of the present invention described above. That is, the electronic component of the present invention may include the magnetic particle-containing film as a part of the component. Examples of the electronic component include an inductor and an antenna. The electronic component may have a known structure. [Example]

[0260] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, treatment details, and treatment procedures shown in the following examples can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the examples shown below.

[0261] [Various components used in preparing the magnetic particle-containing composition] In preparing the magnetic particle-containing composition, the components listed in Table 1 were prepared. An overview of each component listed in Table 1 is shown below.

[0262] [Magnetic particles] M-1: Fe-based amorphous particles (product name "AW2-08 PF-5F", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 3 μm) M-2: Fe-based amorphous particles (product name "AW2-08 PF-8F", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 5 μm) M-3: Fe-Si-Cr alloy particles (product name "MA-XCQ-4", manufactured by DOWA Electronics Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 3 μm) M-4: Fe-Si-Cr alloy particles (product name "MA-XCQ-5", manufactured by DOWA Electronics Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 5 μm) M-5: Fe-based amorphous particles (product name "KUAMET6B2-V1-38μm", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 15μm) M-6: Fe-based amorphous particles (product name "KUAMET6B2-53μm", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 24μm) M-7: Fe-based amorphous particles (product name "KUAMET6B2-150μm", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 50μm) M-8: Co-based amorphous particles (product name "KUAMET-CT5-25μm", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 25μm) M-9: Co-based amorphous particles (product name "KUAMET-CT5-5μm", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 5μm) M-10: Super Malloy particles (product name "80%NI-4MO WA13", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 15 μm) M-11: Super Malloy particles (product name "80%NI-4MO PF-15F", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 8 μm) M-12: Super Malloy particles (product name "80%NI-4MO PF-5F", manufactured by Epson Atmix, average primary particle diameter 4 μm) M-13: Ni-Zn ferrite particles (product name "BSN-125", manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 5 μm) M-14: Mn-Zn ferrite particles (product name "BSF-547", manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 11 μm) M-15: Ni-Zn ferrite particles (product name "NB4", manufactured by Japan Metals and Chemicals Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 3 μm) M-16: Magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite particles (SrFe (9.58) Al (2.42) O 19 , produced in the same manner as in Example 1 of WO 2019 / 131675, crystalline phase is single layer, average primary particle size is 0.1 μm) M-17: Magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite particles (SrFe (9.58) Al (2.42) O 19 , produced in the same manner as described in Example 1 of WO 2019 / 131675, crystalline phase is single layer, average primary particle size is 5 μm) M-18: Magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite particles (SrFe (9.58) Al (2.42) O 19 , produced in the same manner as in Example 1 of WO 2019 / 131675, crystalline phase is single layer, average primary particle size is 15 μm)

[0263] The average primary particle diameters of the magnetic particles are all values ​​measured by the method described above.

[0264] [Resin (dispersant)] D-1: The following compound (weight average molecular weight 10,000, amine value 50 mg KOH / g, acid value 50 mg KOH / g, solubility in solvent S-1 300 g / L, solubility in solvent S-2 300 g / L) D-2: The following compound (weight average molecular weight 10,000, solubility in solvent S-1 300 g / L, solubility in solvent S-2 300 g / L, acid value 70 mg KOH / g) D-3: The following compound (weight average molecular weight 10,000, acid value 40 mgKOH / g, solubility in solvent S-1 400 g / L, solubility in solvent S-2 400 g / L) D-4: Product name "BYK-P105" (manufactured by BYK), low molecular weight unsaturated carboxylic acid polymer, acid value 365 mg KOH / g, solubility in solvent S-1 500 g / L, solubility in solvent S-2 500 g / L D-5: Product name "ANTI-TERRA-204" (BYK), solution of polycarboxylate of polyaminoamide, amine value 37 mg KOH / g, acid value 41 mg KOH / g, solubility in solvent S-1 300 g / L, solubility in solvent S-2 300 g / L D-6: Product name "Talen VA-705B" (Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), higher fatty acid amide, solubility in solvent S-1: 100 g / L, solubility in solvent S-2: 100 g / L D-7: Product name "FLOWNON RCM-300TL" (Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), higher fatty acid amide, solubility in solvent S-1: 100 g / L, solubility in solvent S-2: 100 g / L D-8: The following compound

[0265] [ka]

[0266] [ka]

[0267] [ka]

[0268] [ka]

[0269] 〔solvent〕 S-1: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), boiling point 146°C S-2: 1,4-butanediol diacetate (1,4-BDDA), boiling point 232°C

[0270] [Other ingredients] A-1: Curing accelerator (triphenylphosphine, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) A-2: Photopolymerization initiator (product name "IRGACURE-OXE03", manufactured by BASF) A-3: Polymerizable compound (product name "KAYARAD RP-1040", manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., multifunctional acrylic monomer) A-4: Polymerizable compound (product name: "Celloxide 2021P", manufactured by Daicel Corporation, multifunctional epoxy monomer) A-5: Polymerizable compound (product name "Denacol EX-614", manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation, multifunctional epoxy monomer) A-6: Photopolymerization initiator (product name "ADEKA ARCLES NCI-831", manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) A-7: Polymerizable compound (product name "A-TMMT", manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., multifunctional acrylic monomer)

[0271] [Preparation of magnetic particle-containing compositions of examples and comparative examples] The components other than the solvent shown in Table 1 were mixed to give the composition ratio (by mass) shown in Table 1, and the mixture was placed in a sealed container made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). Next, a solvent was added to give the composition ratio (by mass) shown in Table 1, and the container was then sealed. A RAM (low frequency resonance acoustic mixer) manufactured by Resodyn was used to disperse the mixture at 50 G for 2 hours, thereby preparing magnetic particle-containing compositions for each of the Examples and Comparative Examples.

[0272] <Physical properties of magnetic particle-containing composition> The particle size distribution curve representing the volume-based frequency distribution of the magnetic particle-containing composition was measured according to the method described above, and the Dmax (μm), Dmin (μm), and Dmax / Dmin of the magnetic particles contained in the magnetic particle-containing composition were determined. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0273] The viscosity of the magnetic particle-containing composition at 23° C. was measured according to the method described above. The viscosity was classified according to the following criteria based on the measured value. The results are shown in Table 1. (Speed ​​up condition: 0.1(1 / s)) A:50Pa·s or more B: 1 Pa·s or more, less than 50 Pa·s C: Less than 1 Pa·s (Speed ​​up condition: 1000(1 / s)) A: Less than 10 Pa·s B: 10 Pa·s or more, less than 50 Pa·s C:50Pa·s or more

[0274] [Production of magnetic particle-containing films for magnetic permeability evaluation] The magnetic particle-containing composition obtained as described above was used to produce a magnetic particle-containing film for magnetic permeability evaluation, which will be described later. Specifically, each magnetic particle-containing composition was dropped onto a silicon wafer (film thickness 100 μm) (hereinafter also referred to as "Substrate A"), and then coated using a baker applicator so that the film would have a film thickness of 100 μm after baking as described below. This was followed by dry baking for 10 minutes using a hot plate at 100°C, and then hardening baking for 15 minutes using a hot plate at 230°C, yielding a magnetic particle-containing film for magnetic permeability evaluation. However, if the magnetic particle-containing composition contains a photopolymerization initiator, instead of hardening bake, a UV (ultraviolet) cure device (manufactured by Ushio Inc.) is used at 20 J / cm 2 The entire surface of the coating film was exposed to an exposure amount of 1000 ppm to obtain a magnetic particle-containing film for evaluating magnetic permeability.

[0275] [Production of magnetic particle-containing films for pattern shape evaluation] Of the magnetic particle-containing compositions obtained as described above, a magnetic particle-containing film for pattern shape evaluation, which will be described later, was produced using a magnetic particle-containing composition containing a photopolymerization initiator. Specifically, each magnetic particle-containing composition was dropped onto a silicon wafer (film thickness 700 μm) (hereinafter also referred to as "Substrate B") with an undercoat layer (manufactured by Fujifilm Electronic Materials Co., Ltd., CT-4000L, thickness 0.1 μm), and then coated using a baker applicator so that the film would have a film thickness of 30 μm after baking as described below. This was then dried and baked for 10 minutes using a hot plate at 100°C to obtain a dry film. Next, a proximity exposure machine was used to expose the pattern through a mask with a line and space pattern (line width 300 μm, space width 300 μm) at 100 mJ / cm 2 The dried film was exposed to light under the following conditions. After exposure, a shower development process was carried out for 60 seconds at 23° C. using a simple developing device (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) The developer used was an aqueous solution containing 0.3 mass % of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). After development, the substrate was rinsed with pure water by spin shower, then spin-dried, and then heat-treated (post-baked) for 5 minutes using a hot plate at 200°C. In this way, a magnetic particle-containing film for pattern shape evaluation was obtained.

[0276] [Evaluation test] [Sedimentation stability (stability over time)] 3 mL of the magnetic particle-containing composition obtained as described above was placed in a glass sample bottle (cylindrical, 23 mm diameter x 35 mm height), sealed, and then allowed to stand at 25°C for 30 days. The magnetic particle-containing composition in the sample bottle was then visually observed, and the distance d1 from the gas-liquid interface to the interface between the transparent and opaque regions, and the distance d2 from the gas-liquid interface to the bottom of the sample bottle were measured. Using distances d1 and d2, sedimentation stability was evaluated according to the following criteria. A score of "2" or higher on the following criteria was deemed to indicate excellent sedimentation stability. The results are shown in Table 1. 3: d1 / d2=0 2: 0.4≧d1 / d2>0 1: d1 / d2>0.4

[0277] [Magnetic permeability] The magnetic particle-containing film for magnetic permeability evaluation obtained as described above was cut into a size of 10 mm x 28 mm. The relative magnetic permeability μ' at 100 MHz of the cut sample was measured using a high-frequency magnetic permeability measuring device (Keycom Corporation, Model No. PER01) and evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. A score of "3" or higher on the following criteria was considered to indicate excellent magnetic permeability. The results are shown in Table 1. 5: Relative permeability μ' is 20 or more 4: Relative permeability μ' is 15 or more and less than 20 3: Relative permeability μ' is 10 or more and less than 15 2: Relative permeability μ' is 5 or more and less than 10 1: Relative permeability μ' is 1 or more and less than 5

[0278] [Pattern shape] The magnetic particle-containing film for pattern shape evaluation obtained as described above was observed using an optical microscope (product name "BX53M", manufactured by Olympus Corporation), and the pattern shape was evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1. 3: The line pattern is in close contact with the substrate, spaces are formed, and no residues larger than 50 μm exist. 2: The line pattern is in close contact with the substrate and spaces are formed, but residues of 50 μm or larger exist in the spaces. 1: The line pattern is not in close contact with the substrate, or the space is filled (no space exists).

[0279] [Table 1]

[0280] [Table 2]

[0281] [Table 3]

[0282] [Table 4]

[0283] [Table 5]

[0284] [Table 6]

[0285] [Table 7]

[0286] As shown in Table 1, a magnetic particle-containing composition containing magnetic particles having multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve representing a volume-based frequency distribution, a resin, and a solvent had excellent sedimentation stability, and the magnetic particle-containing film formed using this had excellent magnetic permeability (Example).

[0287] Comparison of Examples 1 to 12 showed that if Dmax / Dmin is greater than 2 (Examples 1 to 9, 11, and 12), the magnetic particle-containing film formed using this had superior magnetic permeability. Comparison with Example 3 and Examples 21 to 24 showed that the use of a resin having an acid group, a basic group, or an amide group (Examples 21 to 24) resulted in superior sedimentation stability of the magnetic particle-containing composition. A comparison of Examples 50 to 55 showed that if the content of magnetic particles is 60 mass% or more relative to the total mass of the magnetic particle-containing composition (Examples 50, 51 and 53), it is possible to achieve a higher level of both the sedimentation stability of the magnetic particle-containing composition and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic particle-containing film.

[0288] On the other hand, when there is only one peak top in the particle size distribution curve representing the volume-based frequency distribution of the magnetic particles contained in the magnetic particle-containing composition, it was shown that at least one of the sedimentation stability of the magnetic particle-containing composition and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic particle-containing film formed using the same is inferior (comparative example).

Claims

1. A magnetic particle-containing composition comprising magnetic particles having multiple peak tops in a particle size distribution curve representing a volume-based frequency distribution, a resin, and a solvent, The magnetic particle-containing composition further contains a polymerizable compound, the polymerizable compound contains two or more compounds having an epoxy group, the resin has a repeating unit containing a graft chain, The magnetic particle-containing composition, wherein the graft chains are graft chains containing at least one of a polyester structure and a polyether structure.

2. 2. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound having an epoxy group is a polyfunctional epoxy monomer.

3. 3. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the polymerizable compound is 1 to 25 mass % based on the total solid content of the magnetic particle-containing composition.

4. When the particle diameter at the peak top Pmin having the smallest particle diameter among the plurality of peak tops in the particle size distribution curve representing the volume-based frequency distribution is defined as Dmin, and the particle diameter at the peak top Pmax having the largest particle diameter is defined as Dmax, 4. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of Dmax to Dmin is greater than 2.

5. When the particle diameter at the peak top Pmin having the smallest particle diameter among the plurality of peak tops in the particle size distribution curve representing the volume-based frequency distribution is defined as Dmin, The Dmin is the particle diameter D when the frequency is 20% in a particle size distribution curve representing a cumulative distribution on a volume basis. ２０ The magnetic particle-containing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:

6. 6. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 4, wherein the Dmin is 1 to 10 μm.

7. 7. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic particles have two peak tops.

8. 8. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the magnetic particles is 60% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the magnetic particle-containing composition.

9. 9. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 1, wherein the resin has an acid group, a basic group, or an amide group.

10. 10. The magnetic particle-containing composition according to claim 1, wherein the solubility of the resin in the solvent is 10 g / L or more.

11. A magnetic particle-containing film formed using the magnetic particle-containing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. An electronic component comprising the magnetic particle-containing film according to claim 11.

13. The electronic component according to claim 12, which is used as an inductor.

14. The electronic component according to claim 12, which is used as an antenna.

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