Apparatus and method for determining water temperature at any depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model

Abstract

To disclose an arbitrary water depth and water temperature determination device and method using a sea water temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model.SOLUTION: An arbitrary water depth and water temperature determination method using a sea water temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model includes the steps of: generating a four-layer model for a sea water temperature vertical distribution; setting the maximum water depth of each layer with the generated four-layer model; processing oceanographic observation materials to generate water temperature data at an equal water depth interval; calculating the vertical inclination of the water temperature relative to the water depth of each layer of the four-layer model by using the generated water temperature data at an equal water depth interval; calculating the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer by using the set maximum water depth of each layer and the calculated vertical inclination; and calculating a model water temperature at an arbitrary water depth by using the set maximum water depth of each layer, the calculated vertical inclination, and the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model. [Background technology]

[0002] Ocean water, which covers approximately 70% of the Earth's surface, has a significant impact on the Earth's weather, marine and land ecosystems, and humans. Therefore, the observation and research of ocean water is extremely important for people living on Earth.

[0003] To study seawater, it is necessary to observe its temperature, salinity, density, etc. Seawater temperature changes with depth, and seawater is generally divided into three layers based on temperature: the mixed layer, the weakly heated layer, and the deep layer. In the mixed layer, the seawater is mixed by the wind, so the temperature remains relatively constant; in the weakly heated layer, the water temperature drops as it gets deeper because it is not affected by wind; and in the deep layer, the water temperature is very low because solar radiation energy does not reach it.

[0004] There is a need to develop various research techniques using such observational data on the vertical distribution of seawater temperature. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2023-0055765 (2023.04.26) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention provides an apparatus and method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model, which generates a four-layer model for the vertical distribution of seawater temperature and calculates the water temperature at any water depth using the generated four-layer model. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model performed by an arbitrary water depth water temperature determination device is disclosed.

[0008] A method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of generating a four-layer model of seawater temperature vertical distribution; setting the maximum water depth of each layer in the generated four-layer model; processing oceanographic observation data to generate water temperature data at equal water depth intervals; calculating the vertical gradient of water temperature with respect to the water depth of each layer of the four-layer model using the generated water temperature data at equal water depth intervals; calculating the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer using the set maximum water depth of each layer and the calculated vertical gradient; and calculating the model water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using the set maximum water depth of each layer, the calculated vertical gradient, and the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer.

[0009] The four-layer model consists of four layers: the first layer is a mixed layer, the second layer is an upper weak temperature layer, the third layer is a lower weak temperature layer, and the fourth layer is a deep sea layer.

[0010] The step of generating water temperature data at equal depth intervals generates the water temperature data at equal depth intervals by linearly interpolating water temperature data observed at standard depths.

[0011] The step of calculating the vertical gradient uses a method of calculating the slope and intercept of a linear regression equation using the least squares method to calculate the vertical gradient of water temperature versus water depth for each layer of the four-layer model.

[0012] The step of calculating the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer uses the following formula to calculate the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer:

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[0013] The step of calculating the model water temperature at any water depth uses the following formula to calculate the water temperature at any water depth.

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[0014] The method for determining water temperature at any water depth further includes a step of determining an optimal maximum water depth for each layer using the generated water temperature data at equal water depth intervals and the calculated water temperature at any water depth.

[0015] The step of determining the optimal maximum water depth for each layer involves setting the maximum water depth of the fourth layer, which is the lowest layer of the four-layer model, to the maximum water depth of the water temperature data, shifting the water depth values ​​set as the maximum water depths of the first, second, and third layers of the four-layer model by predetermined amounts of -Δz, 0, and Δz, respectively, calculating the RMS (root mean squares) error between the model water temperature corresponding to the shifted water depth value and the observed water temperature of the water temperature data, selecting the water depth value with the smallest RMS error, and updating the water depth values ​​set as the maximum water depths of the first, second, and third layers to the selected water depth value.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a device for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model is disclosed.

[0017] An apparatus for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a memory for storing commands and a processor for executing the commands, and the commands are used to perform a method for determining water temperature at any water depth, including the steps of generating a four-layer model of seawater temperature vertical distribution, setting the maximum water depth of each layer in the generated four-layer model, processing oceanographic observation data to generate water temperature data at equal depth intervals, calculating the vertical gradient of water temperature with respect to the water depth of each layer of the four-layer model using the generated water temperature data at equal depth intervals, calculating the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer using the set maximum water depth of each layer and the calculated vertical gradient, and calculating the model water temperature at any water depth using the set maximum water depth of each layer, the calculated vertical gradient, and the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] The apparatus and method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention generates a four-layer model for the seawater temperature vertical distribution and calculates the water temperature at any water depth using the generated four-layer model. This not only allows for compression of observed seawater temperature vertical distribution data, but also has various applications such as determining the thickness of the mixed layer and the thickness and strength of the weak water temperature layer, and can also be used in research to infer internal water temperature structure from the average value of surface water temperature distribution and horizontal change data. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model, performed by an arbitrary water depth water temperature determination device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 2 is a diagram for explaining a method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 3]1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a water temperature determination device at an arbitrary water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] As used herein, singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as "comprise" or "include" should not be interpreted as including all of the components or steps described in the specification, but should be interpreted as meaning that some of the components or steps may not be included, or that additional components or steps may be included. Furthermore, terms such as "unit," "module," and the like used in the specification refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0021] Various embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Fig. 1 is a flowchart showing a schematic example of a method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model performed by a water temperature determining device at any water depth according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining the method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1. The method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below mainly with reference to Fig. 1, but Fig. 2 will also be referenced.

[0023] In step S110, the water temperature determination device at any water depth generates a four-layer model of the vertical distribution of seawater temperature.

[0024] Referring to Figure 2, the four-layer model can be composed of four layers: a mixed layer (layer 1), an upper weak temperature layer (layer 2), a lower weak temperature layer (layer 3), and a deep sea layer (layer 4). Here, the mixed layer extends from the sea surface to depth d1, the upper weak temperature layer extends from depth d1 to d2, the lower weak temperature layer extends from d2 to d3, and the deep sea layer extends from d3 to d4. That is, the maximum depths of each layer are d1, d2, d3, and d4, respectively. T1, T2, T3, and T4 are the water temperatures at the maximum depths of each layer. G1, G2, G3, and G4 are the vertical gradients of the water temperatures in each layer.

[0025] For example, the vertical gradient of the water temperature in the i-th layer, G i can be expressed as the following mathematical formula:

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[0026] In step S120, the water temperature at any water depth determining device sets the maximum water depth of each layer in the generated four-layer model.

[0027] In other words, the water temperature determination device at any water depth can be set by the user inputting initial setting values ​​for the maximum water depth (d1, d2, d3, d4) of the mixed layer (first layer), upper weak water temperature layer (second layer), lower weak water temperature layer (third layer) and deep sea layer (fourth layer).

[0028] In step S130, the water temperature determination device at any water depth processes ocean observation data to generate water temperature data at equal water depth intervals.

[0029] Here, oceanographic observation data generally includes water temperature data observed at standard depths (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 m, etc.). When determining the parameters of a four-layer model using such oceanographic observation data, the data intervals in the upper ocean are too close, while the data intervals in the lower ocean are too large, resulting in a bias phenomenon in which the upper ocean data is significantly affected in model fitting. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to create data at equal depth intervals (for example, 5 m intervals).

[0030] Therefore, the water temperature determination device at any water depth generates water temperature data at equal water depth intervals by linearly interpolating water temperature data observed at standard water depths.

[0031] In other words, the water temperature determination device at any water depth generates an array at predetermined equal water depth intervals (for example, 5 m intervals), and records the water temperature value corresponding to each grid of the array by referring to the water temperature data observed at each standard water depth.For grids in the array that are not recorded, the device records the water temperature value calculated by linearly interpolating the water temperature values ​​of the previous and next grids.

[0032] In step S140, the water temperature determination device at any water depth calculates the vertical gradient of water temperature with respect to the water depth of each layer of the four-layer model using the generated water temperature data at equal water depth intervals.

[0033] In other words, the water temperature determination device at any water depth can calculate the vertical gradient of water temperature versus water depth for each layer of the four-layer model using a method of calculating the slope and intercept of a linear regression equation using the least squares method.

[0034] The linear regression relationship can be expressed as follows:

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[0035] n observations T in one of the four layers of the four-layer model i(i=1,…,n), the observed value T i and the linear regression value T(z i The sum of squares of the error E between

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[0036] The coefficients a and b that minimize the error sum of squares are given by the solution of the minimization condition equation shown below.

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[0037] By summarizing such minimization conditional expressions using the expressions a and b, the following simultaneous linear equations can be expressed.

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[0038] The solution of this linear simultaneous equation can be expressed as follows:

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[0039] In step S150, the water temperature at any water depth determination device calculates the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer using the set maximum water depth of each layer and the calculated vertical gradient.

[0040] That is, the water temperature determination device at any water depth can calculate the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer using the following formula.

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[0041] In step S160, the water temperature at any depth determination device calculates a model water temperature at any depth using the calculated vertical gradient and the water temperature at the maximum depth of each layer.

[0042] That is, the water temperature determination device at any water depth can calculate the model water temperature at any water depth using the following formula:

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[0043] For example, an arbitrary water depth water temperature determination device can input a value of water depth z, confirm which layer the input water depth z value belongs to, substitute the value of water depth z into the equation corresponding to the confirmed layer, and calculate the model water temperature corresponding to the input water depth z value.

[0044] In step S170, the water temperature at any depth determiner determines the optimum maximum water depth for each layer using the generated water temperature data at equal depth intervals and the calculated model water temperature at any depth.

[0045] The model water temperature T(z i ) to best match the observed water temperature Ti, the optimum maximum water depths (d1, d2, d3, d4) must be selected.

[0046] The optimum maximum depth of each layer should satisfy the condition that the variance of the following formula is minimized for all observed water temperatures.

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[0047] Alternatively, the condition that the square root of the variance (RMS) error is minimized must be met.

[0048] The top of the first layer, which is the first layer of the four-layer model, is set to sea level (z=0), and the maximum depth d4 of the fourth layer, which is the bottom layer of the four-layer model, is set to the maximum depth of the observed values. Therefore, the maximum depth values ​​to be corrected by the iterative calculation are d1, d2, and d3. If we consider the case where these three depth values ​​are shifted by -Δz, 0, and Δz, respectively, the depth values ​​of the maximum depth of the first layer are d1-Δz, d1, and d1+Δz. Similarly, if we consider the second and third layers, the total is 3. 3 That is, 27 cases are generated. For each of these 27 water depth values, the RMS error between the model water temperature and the observed water temperature corresponding to the water depth value is calculated, and the water depth value with the smallest RMS error is selected. Then, the initial settings for the maximum water depths d1, d2, and d3 of the first, second, and third layers are updated to the selected water depth value. This process is repeated a preset number of times to determine the optimal maximum water depth for each layer.

[0049] During the iterative operation, if the RMS error is smaller than a preset tolerance, if the preset number of iterations allowed is exceeded, or if the RMS error no longer decreases after the iterative operation, the iterative operation is discontinued.

[0050] The depth resolution of each layer in the iterative calculation is determined by the shift value Δz. To determine the optimal maximum depth of each layer with sufficient accuracy, Δz must be small enough. For example, it can be set to Δz = 0.1 m.

[0051] However, the candidate depth for the maximum depth of each layer is d i -Δz, d i , d i +Δz, if Δz is small, the desired result may not be obtained because only local fine adjustments are made rather than global minimization convergence. To overcome this problem, a multi-stage iterative operation that first looks at the forest and then the trees is desirable.

[0052] For example, in the first stage, we set Δz = 5 m to examine the general water layer structure through repeated calculations, then in the next stage, we set Δz = 1 m to examine the more detailed water layer structure, and finally, we set Δz = 0.1 m to examine the water layer structure at 0.1 m resolution.

[0053] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic example of the configuration of a water temperature determination device at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 3, the apparatus for determining water temperature at any depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a processor 10, a memory 20, a communication unit 30, and an interface unit 40.

[0055] The processor 10 may be a CPU or semiconductor device that executes processing commands stored in a memory 20 .

[0056] The memory 20 may include various types of volatile or non-volatile storage media, for example, a ROM, a RAM, etc.

[0057] For example, the memory 20 can store commands for executing any method for determining water temperature at depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] The communication unit 30 is a means for transmitting and receiving data to and from other devices via a communication network.

[0059] The interface unit 40 can include a network interface for connecting to a network and a user interface.

[0060] On the other hand, the components of the above-described embodiment can be easily understood from a process perspective. That is, each component can be understood as a separate process. Furthermore, the processes of the above-described embodiment can be easily understood from the perspective of the components of the device.

[0061] Furthermore, the above-described technical content may be embodied in the form of program instructions that can be executed by various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include, alone or in combination, program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be specially designed and configured for the embodiments, or may be known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; magneto-optical media such as optical disks; read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and flash memory. Examples of program instructions include not only machine language code, such as produced by a compiler, but also high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, for example. A hardware device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, or vice versa.

[0062] The above-described embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications, alterations, and additions may be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and additions are to be considered within the scope of the following claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0063] 10 processors 20 memory 30 Communications Department 40 Interface section

Claims

1. In a method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model performed by a water temperature determination device at any water depth, A stage to generate a four-layer model of the vertical distribution of ocean water temperature; setting a maximum water depth for each layer in the generated four-layer model; A step of processing oceanographic observation data to generate water temperature data at equal depth intervals; Calculating the vertical gradient of water temperature with respect to water depth for each layer of the four-layer model using the generated water temperature data at equal depth intervals; Calculating the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer using the set maximum water depth of each layer and the calculated vertical gradient; and A method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification replication model, comprising a step of calculating a model water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using the set maximum water depth of each layer, the calculated vertical gradient, and the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer.

2. The method for determining water temperature at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model described in claim 1, characterized in that the four-layer model is composed of four layers: a first layer which is a mixed layer, a second layer which is an upper water temperature weak layer, a third layer which is a lower water temperature weak layer, and a fourth layer which is a deep sea layer.

3. The step of generating water temperature data at equal depth intervals includes: A method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using the seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model described in claim 1, characterized in that water temperature data observed at standard water depths is linearly interpolated to generate water temperature data at equal water depth intervals.

4. The step of calculating the vertical tilt comprises:

2. A method for determining water temperature at any depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model as described in claim 1, characterized in that the vertical gradient of water temperature with respect to the water depth of each layer of the four-layer model is calculated using a method for calculating the slope and intercept of a linear regression relationship using the least squares method.

5. The step of calculating the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer comprises: The method for determining water temperature at any depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model according to claim 1, characterized in that the water temperature at the maximum depth of each layer is calculated using the following formula: [Equation 1] where T 0 is the ocean surface temperature (SST), and T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 are the water temperatures at the maximum depths of the first, second, third and fourth layers, respectively, and d 1 , d 2 , d 3 , d 4 are the maximum depths of the first, second, third and fourth layers, respectively, and G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , G 4 are the vertical gradients of water temperature with depth for the first, second, third, and fourth layers, respectively.

6. The step of calculating the model water temperature at any water depth comprises:

2. A method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model according to claim 1, characterized in that the water temperature at the arbitrary water depth is calculated using the following formula: [Equation 2] where T (i) (z) (i=1, 2, 3, 4) represents the model water temperature for an arbitrary depth z, and T 0 is the ocean surface temperature (SST), T1, T2, T3, and T4 are the water temperatures at the maximum depths of the first, second, third, and fourth layers, respectively, d1, d2, d3, and d4 are the maximum depths of the first, second, third, and fourth layers, respectively, and G1, G2, G3, and G4 are the vertical gradients of the water temperature versus depth for the first, second, third, and fourth layers, respectively.

7. The method for determining water temperature at any water depth comprises:

2. The method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary water depth using the seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model of claim 1, further comprising a step of determining an optimal maximum water depth for each layer using the generated water temperature data at equal water depth intervals and the calculated water temperature at the arbitrary water depth.

8. determining the optimum maximum water depth for each layer comprises:

8. The method for determining water temperature at an arbitrary depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification model according to claim 7, characterized in that the maximum depth of the fourth layer, which is the lowest layer of the four-layer model, is set to the maximum depth of the water temperature data, the depth values ​​set for the maximum depths of the first, second, and third layers of the four-layer model are shifted by predetermined amounts of -Δz, 0, and Δz, respectively, the RMS (root mean squares) error between the model water temperature corresponding to the shifted depth value and the observed water temperature of the water temperature data is calculated, the water depth value with the smallest RMS error is selected, and the water depth values ​​set for the maximum depths of the first, second, and third layers are updated to the selected water depth value.

9. In a device for determining water temperature at any depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model, Memory for storing commands a processor for executing said commands, The command A stage to generate a four-layer model of the vertical distribution of ocean water temperature; setting a maximum water depth for each layer in the generated four-layer model; A step of processing oceanographic observation data to generate water temperature data at equal depth intervals; Calculating the vertical gradient of water temperature with respect to water depth for each layer of the four-layer model using the generated water temperature data at equal depth intervals; Calculating the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer using the set maximum water depth of each layer and the calculated vertical gradient; and A water temperature determination device at any water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratification simulation model, characterized by performing a water temperature determination method at any water depth, which includes a step of calculating a model water temperature at any water depth using the set maximum water depth of each layer, the calculated vertical gradient, and the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer.

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