Refrigerant-containing composition, refrigeration method using the composition, method for operating a refrigeration device, and refrigeration device

Abstract

To provide a composition containing a refrigerant having the properties of having a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity that are equivalent to or higher than those of R404A, and having a sufficiently small GWP.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a composition which contains a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), wherein based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 to 65.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 35.0 mass%, and wherein the refrigerant is for use in operating a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to -5°C.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a composition containing a refrigerant, as well as a refrigeration method, a method for operating a refrigeration device, and a refrigeration device using the composition. [Background technology]

[0002] As global warming becomes a serious issue and is being discussed worldwide, the development of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment that places less strain on the environment is becoming increasingly important.

[0003] A low-carbon alternative to R404A, which is currently used as a refrigerant for home air conditioners. Various refrigerant mixtures with different Global Warming Potentials (GWP) have been proposed. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf) as alternative refrigerants to R404A. Refrigerant compositions containing trifluoroethane (R134a) are disclosed.

[0004] Furthermore, various low-GWP refrigerant mixtures that can replace 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a or R134a), which is used as an air-conditioning refrigerant for home air conditioners and the like, have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 3). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2010 / 059677 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2011 / 163117 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2005 / 105947 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present disclosure relates to a composition containing a refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigeration capacity (cooling capacity, sometimes referred to as capacity) equivalent to or greater than those of R404A, and having a sufficiently small GWP. The present disclosure aims to provide a refrigerant that has a coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigeration capacity (cooling capacity, sometimes written as capacity) equivalent to or greater than those of R134a, and that has a sufficiently small GWP. The present disclosure also aims to provide a refrigeration method, a method for operating a refrigeration device, and a refrigeration device using the composition. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present disclosure provides the following aspects of the invention. Section 1. A composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 to 65.0 mass%; The content of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 35.0 mass%, The refrigerant is used to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75°C to -5°C. , composition. Section 2. Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 53.5 mass%, Item 2. The composition according to Item 1, wherein the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 46.5 mass %. Section 3. Item 3. The composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the refrigerant consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Section 4. A composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 49.2 mass%, A composition containing HFO-1234yf in an amount of 59.5 to 50.8 mass %. Section 5. Item 5. The composition according to item 4, wherein the refrigerant consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Section 6. The refrigerant is used to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75°C to 15°C. Item 4 or 5. The composition according to item 4 or 5. Section 7. Item 7. The composition according to any one of items 1 to 6, which is used as an alternative refrigerant to R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, or R513A. . Section 8. A composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 39.8 mass%, A composition containing 68.9 to 60.2 mass % of HFO-1234yf. Section 9. Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 37.9 mass%, Item 9. The composition according to Item 8, wherein the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 62.1 mass %. Section 10. Item 10. The composition according to item 8 or 9, wherein the refrigerant consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Section 11. The refrigerant is used to operate a refrigeration cycle having an evaporation temperature of -75 to 15°C. Item 11. The composition according to any one of items 8 to 10. Section 12. Any of items 8 to 11 used as an alternative refrigerant to R134a, R1234yf, or CO2 (R744) 2. The composition described in item 1. Section 13. A composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 21.0 to 28.4 mass%, A composition containing HFO-1234yf in an amount of 79.0 to 71.6 mass %. Section 14. Item 14. The composition according to item 13, wherein the refrigerant consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Section 15. Used as an alternative refrigerant to R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, R513A, R1234yf or R1234ze, The composition described above. Section 16. A composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 12.1 to 72.0 mass%; The content of HFO-1234yf is 87.9 to 28.0 mass%, The composition, wherein the refrigerant is used in an automotive air conditioner. Section 17. Item 17. The composition according to item 16, wherein the air conditioning equipment is for a gasoline vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a hydrogen vehicle. Section 18. Item 16 or 17, wherein the refrigerant consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. thing. Section 19. Used as an alternative refrigerant to R12, R134a or R1234yf, any one of items 16 to 18 The composition described. Section 20. Item 20. The composition according to any one of items 1 to 19, comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of water, a tracer, an ultraviolet fluorescent dye, a stabilizer, and a polymerization inhibitor. Section 21. 21. The composition according to any one of items 1 to 20, further comprising a refrigerating machine oil and used as a working fluid for a refrigeration system. Section 22. The refrigerating machine oil contains at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE), and polyvinyl ether (PVE). Item 22. The composition according to Item 21. Section 23. 23. A refrigeration method comprising a step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to any one of items 1 to 22. Section 24. A process for operating a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to -5°C using a composition containing a refrigerant. A freezing method comprising the steps of: the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 to 65.0 mass%; A refrigeration method in which the content of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 35.0 mass%. Section 25. Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 53.5 mass%, Item 25. The freezing method according to Item 24, wherein the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 46.5 mass%. Section 26. Item 26. The refrigeration system according to Item 24 or 25, wherein the refrigerant consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. method. Section 27. A refrigeration method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 49.2 mass%, A refrigeration method in which the content of HFO-1234yf is 59.5 to 50.8 mass%. Section 28. Item 28. The refrigeration method according to Item 27, wherein the refrigerant consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Section 29. Item 27 or 28, wherein the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is -75 to 15°C. The freezing method described. Section 30. A refrigeration method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 39.8 mass%, A refrigeration method in which the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 60.2 mass%. Section 31. Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 37.9 mass%, Item 31. The freezing method according to Item 30, wherein the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 62.1 mass %. Section 32. Item 30 or 31, wherein the refrigerant consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. method. Section 33. Any one of items 30 to 32, wherein the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is −75 to 15° C. 10. The freezing method according to claim 1. Section 34. A refrigeration method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 21.0 to 28.4 mass%, A refrigeration method in which the content of HFO-1234yf is 79.0 to 71.6 mass%. Section 35. Item 35. The refrigeration method according to Item 34, wherein the refrigerant consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Section 36. A refrigeration method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 12.1 to 72.0 mass%; The content of HFO-1234yf is 87.9 to 28.0 mass%, The refrigeration method, wherein the refrigerant is used in an air conditioner for a vehicle. Section 37. Item 37. The refrigeration method according to Item 36, wherein the air conditioning equipment is for a gasoline vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a hydrogen vehicle. Section 38. Item 36 or 37, wherein the refrigerant consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. method. Section 39. 23. A method for operating a refrigeration system, comprising operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to any one of items 1 to 22. Section 40. 23. A refrigeration device comprising the composition according to any one of items 1 to 22 as a working fluid. Section 41. Item 41. The refrigeration apparatus according to item 40, which is an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a freezer, a water cooler, an ice maker, a refrigerated showcase, a freezer showcase, a freezer / refrigeration unit, a freezer for a freezer / refrigerated warehouse, an automotive air conditioner, a turbo freezer, or a screw freezer. Section 42. Item 23. The composition according to any one of items 1 to 22, which is used as a refrigerant. Section 43. Item 43. The composition according to item 42, which is used as a refrigerant in a refrigeration device. Section 44. Item 44. The composition according to Item 43, wherein the refrigeration device is an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a freezer, a water cooler, an ice maker, a refrigerated showcase, a freezer showcase, a refrigeration and freezing unit, a refrigeration machine for a refrigerated and freezing warehouse, an automotive air conditioner, a turbo refrigerator, or a screw refrigerator. Section 45. Item 23. Use of the composition according to any one of items 1 to 22 as a refrigerant. Section 46. Item 46. Use according to item 45 in a refrigeration device. Section 47. Item 47. The use according to Item 46, wherein the refrigeration device is an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a freezer, a water cooler, an ice maker, a refrigerated showcase, a freezer showcase, a refrigeration and freezing unit, a refrigeration machine for a refrigerated and freezing warehouse, an automotive air conditioner, a turbo refrigerator, or a screw refrigerator. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure has the properties of having a coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigeration capacity equal to or greater than those of R404A, and having a sufficiently small GWP. The composition containing the refrigerant shown has the properties of having a coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigeration capacity equal to or greater than those of R134a, and of having a sufficiently small GWP. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for determining flammability (flammable or non-flammable). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] As a result of intensive research conducted by the present inventors to solve the above problems, trans-1,2-difluoromethyltransferase was found to be effective. Contains fluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) It has been found that a composition containing a mixed refrigerant having the above properties has the above-mentioned properties.

[0011] The present disclosure was completed as a result of further research based on this finding. The present invention includes the following embodiments.

[0012] <Terminology> In this specification, the numerical range indicated using "~" is the numerical range written before and after "~". are shown as the minimum and maximum values.

[0013] In this specification, the terms "contain" and "comprise" encompass the concepts of the terms "consist essentially of" and "consist only of."

[0014] In this specification, the term "refrigerant" includes at least compounds designated by ISO817 (International Organization for Standardization) and assigned a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) beginning with R, which indicates the type of refrigerant. Even if a refrigerant number has not yet been assigned to a refrigerant, it includes refrigerants that have equivalent refrigerant properties.

[0015] Refrigerants are broadly classified into "fluorocarbon compounds" and "non-fluorocarbon compounds" based on their chemical structure. "Fluorocarbon compounds" include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). "Non-fluorocarbon compounds" include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), and ammonia (R717).

[0016] As used herein, the term "refrigerant-containing composition" includes: (1) Refrigerants themselves (including mixtures of refrigerants, i.e., "mixed refrigerants"), (2) It further contains other components and is effective for refrigeration equipment when mixed with at least refrigerating machine oil. a composition that can be used to obtain a dynamic fluid; (3) A working fluid for a refrigeration system containing a refrigerating machine oil.

[0017] In this specification, of these three aspects, the composition (2) is referred to as the refrigerant itself ( (3) Refrigerant composition for refrigeration equipment The fluid is referred to as a "refrigerant oil-containing working fluid" to distinguish it from a "refrigerant composition."

[0018] As used herein, the term "substitution," when used in the context of "replacing" a first refrigerant with a second refrigerant, refers to a first type of equipment designed to operate using a first refrigerant, which can be operated under optimal conditions using a second refrigerant with only minor component changes (at least one of refrigeration oil, gaskets, packing, expansion valves, dryers, and other components) and equipment adjustments, as necessary. In other words, this type refers to operating the same equipment with a "substitution" of a refrigerant. This type of "substitution" can be categorized as "drop-in substitution," "nearly drop-in substitution," or "retrofit," in order of decreasing degree of change or adjustment required when replacing with the second refrigerant.

[0019] The second category, where equipment designed to operate with a second refrigerant is installed and used for the same purpose as an existing use of a first refrigerant, is also included in the term "substitution." This category refers to "substituting" a refrigerant to serve the same purpose.

[0020] In this specification, the term "refrigeration system" broadly refers to any device that removes heat from an object or space to lower its temperature below that of the surrounding air and maintains that low temperature. In other words, in a broad sense, a refrigeration system refers to a conversion device that obtains energy from an external source, performs work, and converts it into energy in order to transfer heat from a low-temperature environment to a high-temperature environment. In this disclosure, a refrigeration system is broadly synonymous with a heat pump.

[0021] In this disclosure, in a narrow sense, a refrigeration device is used to distinguish it from a heat pump due to the difference in the temperature range and operating temperature used. In this case, a refrigeration device is a device that places a low-temperature heat source in a temperature range lower than the atmospheric temperature, while a refrigeration device is a device that places a low-temperature heat source near the atmospheric temperature. A device that utilizes the heat dissipation effect of driving a refrigeration cycle is sometimes called a heat pump. Note that there are devices that combine the functions of a refrigeration device in the narrow sense and a heat pump in the narrow sense, such as air conditioners that have both a "cooling mode" and a "heating mode," even though they are the same device. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the terms "refrigeration device" and "heat pump" are both used in the broad sense.

[0022] In this specification, the term "Temperature Glide" refers to the structure of a thermal cycle system. This can be expressed as the absolute value of the difference between the start temperature and end temperature of the phase change process of the composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure within the component.

[0023] In this specification, the term "vehicle air conditioner" refers to a type of refrigeration device used in automobiles such as gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, etc. The term "vehicle air conditioner" refers to a refrigeration device that has a refrigeration cycle in which heat is exchanged with a liquid refrigerant in an evaporator, the evaporated refrigerant gas is sucked into a compressor, the adiabatically compressed refrigerant gas is cooled and liquefied in a condenser, and the refrigerant is further adiabatically expanded by passing through an expansion valve, and then supplied to the evaporator again as a liquid refrigerant.

[0024] In this specification, the term "turbo chiller" refers to a type of large chiller refrigeration device that performs heat exchange with a liquid refrigerant in an evaporator, the evaporated refrigerant gas is drawn into a centrifugal compressor, the adiabatically compressed refrigerant gas is cooled and liquefied in a condenser, and then adiabatically expanded by passing through an expansion valve before being supplied as a liquid refrigerant back to the evaporator. Note that the above "large chiller refrigeration device" refers to a type of chiller, a large air conditioner intended for air conditioning on an individual building basis.

[0025] In this specification, the term "saturation pressure" refers to the pressure of saturated steam. In this specification, the term "saturation temperature" refers to the temperature of saturated steam.

[0026] In this specification, the evaporation temperature in a refrigeration cycle refers to the temperature at which a refrigerant liquid absorbs heat and turns into vapor during the evaporation process of the refrigeration cycle. The evaporation temperature in a refrigeration cycle can be determined by measuring the temperature at the evaporator inlet and / or outlet. For simple refrigerants and azeotropic refrigerants, the evaporation temperature is constant, but for non-azeotropic refrigerants, the evaporation temperature is the average of the evaporator inlet temperature and the dew point temperature. That is, for non-azeotropic refrigerants, the evaporation temperature can be calculated as "evaporation temperature = (evaporator inlet temperature + dew point temperature) / 2."

[0027] In this specification, the term "discharge temperature" refers to the temperature of the mixed refrigerant at the discharge port of the compressor.

[0028] In this specification, "evaporation pressure" means the saturation pressure at the evaporation temperature. In this specification, "condensation pressure" means the saturation pressure at the condensation temperature.

[0029] In this specification, the term "critical temperature" refers to the temperature at the critical point, and refers to the temperature below which a gas cannot be liquefied even if it is compressed.

[0030] In this specification, a refrigerant being "non-flammable" means that its WCF (Worst Case Formulation for Flammability) composition, which is the most flammable composition among the allowable refrigerant concentrations, is determined to be "Class 1" in the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard.

[0031] In this specification, a refrigerant being "mildly flammable" means that the WCF composition is determined to be "Class 2L" according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard.

[0032] In this specification, a refrigerant being "weakly flammable" means that the WCF composition is determined to be "Class 2" according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard.

[0033] In this specification, GWP(AR4) means a value based on the value in the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

[0034] 1. composition The compositions of the present disclosure contain refrigerants, including "Refrigerant 1," "Refrigerant 2," "Refrigerant 3," "Refrigerant 4," and "Refrigerant 5." Refrigerant 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are each described below. In this specification, "refrigerant of the present disclosure" means Refrigerant 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0035] 1.1 Refrigerant 1 In one embodiment, the refrigerants included in the compositions of the present disclosure are HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 to 65.0 mass%, and the content of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 35.0 mass%. This refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "Refrigerant 1".

[0036] In the present disclosure, the refrigerant 1 is used to operate a refrigeration cycle having an evaporation temperature of −75 to −5° C. It is used for.

[0037] By virtue of the above-described configuration, the refrigerant 1 has the following advantages: (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less); (2) have a COP equal to or greater than that of R404A, and (3) have a COP equal to or greater than that of R404A. It has the following characteristics:

[0038] In Refrigerant 1, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 35.0 mass% or more, thereby achieving a refrigeration capacity equivalent to or greater than that of R404A. Furthermore, in Refrigerant 1, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 65.0 mass% or less, thereby achieving a saturation temperature of 40°C in the refrigeration cycle of Refrigerant 1. The saturation pressure can be maintained within a suitable range (particularly 2.10 MPa or less).

[0039] For refrigerant 1, the refrigeration capacity of R404A should be 95% or more, but it should be 98% or more. It is preferably 100% or more, more preferably 101% or more, and particularly preferably 102% or more.

[0040] Refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less, and therefore can significantly reduce the environmental impact from the perspective of global warming compared to other general-purpose refrigerants.

[0041] In terms of energy consumption efficiency, refrigerant 1 is the most energy-efficient refrigerant in the world, with a refrigeration cycle consumption of R404A. It is preferable that the ratio of refrigeration capacity to power (coefficient of performance (COP)) is high. Specifically, the COP relative to R404A is preferably 98% or more, more preferably 100% or more, and particularly preferably 102% or more.

[0042] In Refrigerant 1, it is preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 59.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 59.5 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, Refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 101% or more relative to R404A, In addition, the refrigeration capacity of R404A is 99% or more. Furthermore, in this case, the refrigerant 1 has a saturation temperature of 40°C. The saturation pressure at this temperature is between 1.75 MPa and 2.00 MPa, so it is suitable for commercial R404A refrigeration equipment. This can be applied without major design changes.

[0043] In Refrigerant 1, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 59.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, Refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 101% or more relative to R404A. In this case, the refrigerant 1 is saturated at 99.5% or more of the refrigeration capacity of R404A. The saturated pressure at 40°C is between 1.76 MPa and 2.00 MPa. It can be applied to the equipment without major design changes.

[0044] In Refrigerant 1, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 55.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 45.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, Refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 101% or more relative to R404A. In this case, the refrigerant 1 is saturated at 99.5% or more of the refrigeration capacity of R404A. The saturation pressure at 40°C is between 1.76 MPa and 1.95 MPa, which is suitable for commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment. It can be applied to the above without any major design changes.

[0045] It is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 53.5 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 46.5 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in Refrigerant 1. In this case, Refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A. The refrigeration capacity of R404A must be 99.5% or more, and the refrigeration capacity must be low-flammability according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.94 MPa or less, which is significantly higher than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A. It can be applied without any major design changes.

[0046] It is particularly preferred that the refrigerant 1 contains 41.3 to 51.0 mass% of HFO-1132(E) and 58.7 to 49.0 mass% of HFO-1234yf relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A. The refrigeration capacity of the R404A is 99% or more, and the refrigeration capacity of the R404A is 99% or more. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.90 MPa or less, which is significantly higher than that of commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment. It can be applied without any major design changes.

[0047] It is most preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in Refrigerant 1. In this case, Refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A. The refrigeration capacity of R404A must be 99.5% or more, and the refrigeration capacity must be low-flammability according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, which is significantly higher than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A. It can be applied without any major design changes.

[0048] In the refrigerant 1, the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is usually 2.10 MPa or less, preferably 2.00 MPa or less, more preferably 1.95 MPa or less, even more preferably 1.90 MPa or less, and particularly preferably 1.88 MPa or less. If the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is within this range, the commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment Refrigerant 1 can be applied to the above-mentioned equipment without any major design changes.

[0049] In the refrigerant 1, the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is usually 1.70 MPa or more, preferably 1.73 MPa or more, more preferably 1.74 MPa or more, even more preferably 1.75 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 1.76 MPa or more. If the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is within this range, the commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment Refrigerant 1 can be applied to the above-mentioned equipment without any major design changes.

[0050] In the present disclosure, when refrigerant 1 is used to operate the refrigeration cycle, the discharge temperature is preferably 150°C or less, more preferably 150°C or less, from the viewpoint of extending the life of components of commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment. Preferably, the temperature is 140°C or lower, more preferably 130°C or lower, and particularly preferably 120°C or lower.

[0051] By using refrigerant 1 to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to -5°C, It has the advantage of providing refrigeration capacity equal to or greater than that of R404A.

[0052] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, if the evaporation temperature exceeds -5°C, the compression ratio will be less than 2.5, and the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle will be reduced. In the refrigeration cycle, if the evaporation temperature is below -75°C, the evaporation pressure will be below 0.02 MPa, making it difficult for the refrigerant to be drawn into the compressor. The compression ratio can be calculated using the following formula: Compression ratio = condensing pressure (Mpa) / evaporating pressure (Mpa)

[0053] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −7.5° C. or lower, more preferably −10° C. or lower, and even more preferably −35° C. or lower.

[0054] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher. , more preferably -60°C or higher, even more preferably -55°C or higher, and particularly preferably -50°C or higher. do.

[0055] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher and −5° C. or lower, more preferably −60° C. or higher and −5° C. or lower, even more preferably −55° C. or higher and −7.5° C. or lower, and particularly Preferably, the temperature is -50°C or higher and -10°C or lower.

[0056] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, from the viewpoint of improving the suction of the refrigerant into the compressor, the evaporation pressure is preferably 0.02 MPa or more, more preferably 0.03 MPa or more, and more preferably 0.04 MPa or more. More preferably, the pressure is 0.05 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 0.05 MPa or more.

[0057] In the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure, from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, the compression ratio is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, and even more preferably 3.5 or more. In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, the refrigeration temperature is preferably 4.0 or more, and particularly preferably 4.0 or more. From the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, the compression ratio is preferably 200 or less, more preferably 150 or less, further preferably 100 or less, and particularly preferably 50 or less.

[0058] Refrigerant 1 may contain HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in a total concentration of typically 99.5 mass% or more. In the present disclosure, the total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 1 is The amount is preferably 99.7% by mass or more, more preferably 99.8% by mass or more, and more preferably 99.9% by mass or more. More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this.

[0059] Refrigerant 1 may contain, in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the following, within the range that does not impair the above properties: It may further contain other refrigerants. In this case, the content of the other refrigerants in the total refrigerant 1 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, even more preferably 0.2 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. The other refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in this field. Refrigerant 1 may contain a single other refrigerant or two or more other refrigerants.

[0060] It is particularly preferred that Refrigerant 1 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Refrigerant 1 has a total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf of 100% by mass. It is particularly preferred that

[0061] If Refrigerant 1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf The content of HFO-1132(E) is usually 35.0 to 65.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is usually 65.0 to 35.0 mass% based on the total mass of the refrigerant 1. It has the following characteristics: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP equal to or greater than that of R404A, and (3) a refrigeration capacity equal to or greater than that of R404A.

[0062] When refrigerant 1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 59.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 59.5 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less. The COP relative to R404A is 101% or more, and the refrigeration capacity relative to R404A is 99% or more. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.75 MPa or more and 2.00 MPa or less, so it can be applied to commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes.

[0063] When refrigerant 1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 59.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less. The COP is 101% or more relative to R404A, and the refrigeration capacity is 99.5% or more relative to R404A. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 2.00 MPa or less, so it can be applied to commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes. Cut.

[0064] When refrigerant 1 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 55.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 45.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less. The COP is 101% or more relative to R404A, and the refrigeration capacity is 99.5% or more relative to R404A. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.95 MPa or less, and it can be applied to commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes. .

[0065] When refrigerant 1 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 53.5 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 46.5 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less. It has the following characteristics: a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A, a refrigeration capacity of 99.5% or more relative to R404A, and mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of Refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.94 MPa or less, making it suitable for use in commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment without major design changes.

[0066] When refrigerant 1 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 51.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 49.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less. It has the following characteristics: a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A, a refrigeration capacity of 99% or more relative to R404A, and mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of Refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.90 MPa or less, making it suitable for use in commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment without major design changes.

[0067] When refrigerant 1 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is most preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 1 has a GWP of 100 or less. It has the following characteristics: a COP of 102% or more compared to R404A, a refrigeration capacity of 99.5% or more compared to R404A, and is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of the refrigerant 1 at a saturation temperature of 40° C. is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and the refrigerant can be applied to commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without any major design changes.

[0068] 1.2 Refrigerant 2 In one embodiment, the refrigerants included in the compositions of the present disclosure are HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The content of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 49.2 mass%, and the content of HFO-1234yf is 59.5 to 50.8 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. This refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "Refrigerant 2".

[0069] By having the above-mentioned configuration, the refrigerant 2 has the following advantages: (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less); (2) have a COP equal to or greater than that of R404A; (3) have a COP equal to or greater than that of R404A; (4) It must be mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.75 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and it can be applied to commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes. can.

[0070] In refrigerant 2, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 40.5 mass% or more, thereby achieving a refrigeration capacity equivalent to or greater than that of R404A. In addition, in refrigerant 2, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 49.2 mass% or less, thereby achieving a saturation temperature of 40°C in the refrigeration cycle of refrigerant 2. The saturation pressure can be maintained within a suitable range (particularly 2.10 MPa or less).

[0071] For refrigerant 2, the refrigeration capacity of R404A should be 99% or more, but it should be 100% or more. It is preferably 101% or more, more preferably 102% or more, and particularly preferably 103% or more.

[0072] Refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less, and therefore can significantly reduce the environmental impact from the perspective of global warming compared to other general-purpose refrigerants.

[0073] In terms of energy consumption efficiency, refrigerant 2 is used in a refrigeration cycle that is comparable to that of R404A. It is preferable that the ratio of refrigeration capacity to power (coefficient of performance (COP)) is high. Specifically, the COP relative to R404A is preferably 98% or more, more preferably 100% or more, even more preferably 101% or more, and particularly preferably 102% or more.

[0074] In refrigerant 2, it is preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A. The refrigeration capacity of R404A is 99.5% or more, and it is mildly flammable ( Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, which is significantly higher than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment using R404A. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0075] It is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 43.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 57.0 to 50.8 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 2. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A. It has the following characteristics: its refrigeration capacity is 101% or more of that of R404A, and it is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is between 1.78 MPa and 1.88 MPa, which is significantly higher than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0076] It is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 44.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 56.0 to 50.8 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 2. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A. It has the following characteristics: its refrigeration capacity is 101% or more of that of R404A, and it is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is between 1.80 MPa and 1.88 MPa, which is significantly lower than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0077] It is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1132(E) in refrigerant 2 is 45.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 50.8 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 2. In this case, refrigerant 2 should have a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102% or more relative to R404A. The refrigeration capacity of refrigerant 2 is 102% or more of that of R404A, and it is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.81 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, which is significantly higher than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0078] It is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1132(E) in refrigerant 2 is 45.0 to 48.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 52.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 2. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102.5% or less relative to R404A. The refrigeration capacity of refrigerant 2 is 102.5% or more of that of R404A, and it is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.81 MPa or more and 1.87 MPa or less, which is lower than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A. This can be applied without major design changes.

[0079] It is most preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) in refrigerant 2 is 45.0 to 47.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 53.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 2. In this case, refrigerant 2 should have a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 102.5% or more relative to R404A. The refrigeration capacity of refrigerant 2 is 102.5% or more of that of R404A, and it is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.81 MPa or more and 1.85 MPa or less, which is lower than that of commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A. It can be applied without major design changes.

[0080] In the refrigerant 2, the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is usually 2.10 MPa or less, preferably 2.00 MPa or less, more preferably 1.95 MPa or less, even more preferably 1.90 MPa or less, and particularly preferably 1.88 MPa or less. If the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is within this range, the commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment Refrigerant 2 can be applied to the above-mentioned components without any major design changes.

[0081] In the refrigerant 2, the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is usually 1.70 MPa or more, preferably 1.73 MPa or more, more preferably 1.74 MPa or more, even more preferably 1.75 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 1.76 MPa or more. If the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C is within this range, the commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment Refrigerant 2 can be applied to the above-mentioned components without any major design changes.

[0082] In the present disclosure, when refrigerant 2 is used to operate the refrigeration cycle, from the viewpoint of extending the life of components of commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment, the discharge temperature is preferably 150°C or less, more preferably 140°C or less, even more preferably 130°C or less, and particularly preferably 120°C or less.

[0083] In the present disclosure, the refrigerant 2 is preferably used to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to 15°C, from the viewpoint of obtaining a refrigeration capacity equal to or greater than that of R404A.

[0084] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably 15°C or less, It is more preferably 5°C or lower, even more preferably 0°C or lower, and particularly preferably -5°C or lower.

[0085] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher. , more preferably -60°C or higher, even more preferably -55°C or higher, and particularly preferably -50°C or higher. do.

[0086] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. The temperature is preferably from -60°C to 5°C, more preferably from -55°C to 0°C, and particularly preferably from -50°C to -5°C.

[0087] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure is used, from the viewpoint of improving the suction of the refrigerant into the compressor, the evaporation pressure is preferably 0.02 MPa or more, more preferably 0.03 MPa or more, and more preferably 0.04 MPa or more. More preferably, the pressure is 0.05 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 0.05 MPa or more.

[0088] In the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure, from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, the compression ratio is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, and even more preferably 3.5 or more. It is preferable, and 4.0 or more is particularly preferable.

[0089] Refrigerant 2 may contain HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in a total concentration of typically 99.5 mass% or more. In the present disclosure, the total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 2 is The amount is preferably 99.7% by mass or more, more preferably 99.8% by mass or more, and more preferably 99.9% by mass or more. More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this.

[0090] Refrigerant 2 may be, in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, any of the following, within the range that does not impair the above properties: It may further contain other refrigerants. In this case, the content of the other refrigerants in the total refrigerant 2 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, even more preferably 0.2 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. The other refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in this field. Refrigerant 2 may contain a single other refrigerant or two or more other refrigerants.

[0091] It is particularly preferred that refrigerant 2 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Refrigerant 2 has a total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf of 100% by mass. It is particularly preferred that

[0092] When refrigerant 2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is typically 40.5 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is typically 59.5 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. By having such a composition, refrigerant 2 (1) GWP is sufficiently small (100 or less), (2) COP is equal to or greater than that of R404A, (3) refrigeration capacity is equal to or greater than that of R404A, and (4) ASHRAE standard Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is between 1.75 MPa and 1.88 MPa, which is equivalent to that of commercially available R404A refrigeration equipment. It can be applied to the above without any major design changes.

[0093] When refrigerant 2 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less. It has the following characteristics: a COP of 102% or more compared to R404A, a refrigeration capacity of 99.5% or more compared to R404A, and mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, so it can be used in commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes.

[0094] When refrigerant 2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 43.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 57.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less. The COP for R404A is 102% or more, and the refrigeration capacity for R404A is 101% or more. It has the following characteristics: it is slightly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of Refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is between 1.78 MPa and 1.88 MPa, so it can be used in commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes.

[0095] When refrigerant 2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 44.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 56.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less. The COP for R404A is 102% or more, and the refrigeration capacity for R404A is 101% or more. It has the following characteristics: it is slightly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of Refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is between 1.80 MPa and 1.88 MPa, so it can be used in commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes.

[0096] When refrigerant 2 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 45.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less. COP is 102% or more compared to R404A, and the refrigeration capacity is 102% or more compared to R404A. It has the following characteristics: it is slightly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of Refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is between 1.81 MPa and 1.88 MPa, so it can be used in commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without major design changes.

[0097] When refrigerant 2 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 45.0 to 48.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 52.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 2 has a GWP of 100 or less. It has the following characteristics: COP is 102.5% or more compared to R404A, refrigeration capacity is 102.5% or more compared to R404A, and it is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of the refrigerant 2 at a saturation temperature of 40°C is 1.81 MPa or more and 1.87 MPa or less, and the refrigerant can be applied to commercially available refrigeration equipment for R404A without any major design changes.

[0098] 1.3 Refrigerant 3 In one embodiment, the refrigerants included in the compositions of the present disclosure are HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The content of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 39.8 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 60.2 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. This refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "Refrigerant 3".

[0099] The refrigerant 3 has the above-mentioned configuration, and therefore (1) has a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less). (2) It has a COP equivalent to that of R134a, and (3) Its refrigeration capacity is 150% or more compared to R134a. and (4) the discharge temperature is 90°C or less.

[0100] In refrigerant 3, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 31.1 mass% or more, thereby achieving a refrigeration capacity of 150% or more compared to R134a. In addition, in refrigerant 3, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 39.8 mass% or less, thereby achieving a discharge temperature of 90°C in the refrigeration cycle of refrigerant 3. °C or less, ensuring a long life for the components of the R134a refrigeration equipment.

[0101] For refrigerant 3, the refrigeration capacity of R134a should be 150% or more, but it should be 151% or more. It is preferably 152% or more, more preferably 153% or more, and particularly preferably 154% or more.

[0102] The discharge temperature of the refrigerant 3 in the refrigeration cycle is preferably 90.0°C or less, more preferably 89.7°C or less, even more preferably 89.4°C or less, and particularly preferably 89.0°C or less.

[0103] Refrigerant 3 has a GWP of 100 or less, and therefore can significantly reduce the environmental impact from the perspective of global warming compared to other general-purpose refrigerants.

[0104] In terms of energy consumption efficiency, refrigerant 3 is used in a refrigeration cycle that is comparable to that of R134a. It is preferable that the ratio of refrigeration capacity to power (coefficient of performance (COP)) is high. Specifically, the COP relative to R134a is preferably 90% or higher, more preferably 91% or higher, even more preferably 91.5% or higher, and particularly preferably 92% or higher.

[0105] In the refrigerant 3, the content of HFO-1132(E) is typically 31.1 to 39.8 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is typically 68.9 to 60.2 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. By virtue of this composition, the refrigerant 3 has the following advantages: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less) ), (2) It has a COP equivalent to that of R134a, and (3) Its refrigeration capacity is 150% or more compared to R134a. and (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less.

[0106] In the refrigerant 3, it is preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, by having the above-mentioned configuration, the refrigerant 3 has the following characteristics: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, (3) a refrigeration capacity of 150% or more compared to R134a, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a clinical It has various characteristics, such as an interface temperature of 81°C or higher.

[0107] It is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) in refrigerant 3 is 32.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 3. In this case, by having the above-mentioned composition, refrigerant 3 has the following advantages: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, and (3) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a. (4) the discharge temperature is 90.0°C or less; and (5) the critical temperature is 81°C or more.

[0108] It is even more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 33.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 67.0 to 62.1 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 3. In this case, by having the above-mentioned configuration, refrigerant 3 has the following advantages: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, and (3) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a. (4) The discharge temperature is 90.0°C or less, and and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or higher.

[0109] It is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) in refrigerant 3 is 34.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 66.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in refrigerant 3. In this case, by having the above-mentioned composition, refrigerant 3 has the following advantages: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, and (3) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a. (4) the discharge temperature is 90.0°C or less; and (5) the critical temperature is 81°C or more.

[0110] In refrigerant 3, the proportion of HFO-1132(E) contained in the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is It is particularly preferred that the content of HFO-1234yf is 35.0 to 37.9 mass % and the content of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 62.1 mass %. In this case, the refrigerant 3 has the above-mentioned configuration, which results in (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, and (3) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a. (4) the discharge temperature is 90.0°C or less; and (5) the critical temperature is 81°C or more.

[0111] In the present disclosure, when refrigerant 3 is used to operate the refrigeration cycle, the discharge temperature is preferably 90.0°C or less, more preferably 100.0°C or less, from the viewpoint of extending the life of components of commercially available R134a refrigeration equipment. The temperature is preferably 89.7°C or lower, more preferably 89.4°C or lower, and particularly preferably 89.0°C or lower.

[0112] In the present disclosure, when refrigerant 3 is used to operate a refrigeration cycle, the refrigeration cycle requires a liquefaction (condensation) process of the refrigerant, so the critical temperature must be significantly higher than the temperature of the cooling water or cooling air required to liquefy the refrigerant. From this perspective, in the refrigeration cycle using refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure, the critical temperature is preferably 80°C or higher, more preferably 81°C or higher, even more preferably 81.5°C or higher, and particularly preferably 82°C or higher.

[0113] In the present disclosure, the refrigerant 3 is generally selected from the viewpoint of obtaining a refrigeration capacity of 150% or more compared to R134a. It is usually used to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to 15°C.

[0114] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably 15°C or lower, more preferably 5°C or lower, even more preferably 0°C or lower, and particularly preferably -5°C or lower.

[0115] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher. , more preferably -60°C or higher, even more preferably -55°C or higher, and particularly preferably -50°C or higher. do.

[0116] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher and 15° C. or lower, more preferably −60° C. or higher and 5° C. or lower, even more preferably −55° C. or higher and 0° C. or lower, and particularly preferably Preferably, the temperature is -50°C or higher and -5°C or lower.

[0117] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is used, from the viewpoint of improving performance, the critical temperature of the refrigerant is preferably 80°C or higher, more preferably 81°C or higher, even more preferably 81.5°C or higher, and particularly preferably 82°C or higher.

[0118] Refrigerant 3 may contain HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in a total concentration of typically 99.5 mass% or more. In the present disclosure, the total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 3 is The amount is preferably 99.7% by mass or more, more preferably 99.8% by mass or more, and more preferably 99.9% by mass or more. More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this.

[0119] Refrigerant 3 may be HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, as well as any of the following, within the range that does not impair the above properties: It may further contain other refrigerants. In this case, the content of the other refrigerants in the entire refrigerant 3 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, even more preferably 0.2 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. The other refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in this field. Refrigerant 3 may contain a single other refrigerant or two or more other refrigerants.

[0120] It is particularly preferred that the refrigerant 3 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Refrigerant 3 has a total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf of 100% by mass. It is particularly preferred that

[0121] When the refrigerant 3 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is typically 31.1 to 39.8 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is typically 68.9 to 60.2 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. By having such a composition, the refrigerant 3 (1) GWP is sufficiently small (100 or less), (2) COP is equivalent to that of R134a, (3) refrigeration capacity is 150% or more compared to R134a, and (4) discharge temperature is 90°C or less. It has the characteristics of being.

[0122] When the refrigerant 3 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 3 has the above-mentioned composition. By doing so, it has the following characteristics: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, (3) a refrigeration capacity of 150% or more compared to R134a, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more. Has.

[0123] When refrigerant 3 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 32.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 68.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 3 has the above-mentioned composition. By having these characteristics, it has the following features: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, (3) a refrigeration capacity of 151% or more compared to R134a, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more. It has sexuality.

[0124] When refrigerant 3 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 33.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 67.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 3 is a refrigerant having the above-mentioned structure. By having this composition, (1) the GWP is sufficiently small (less than 100), (2) compared to R134a, It has the following characteristics: (1) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a; (2) a refrigeration capacity of 152% or more compared to R134a; (3) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less; and (4) a critical temperature of 81°C or more.

[0125] When refrigerant 3 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is more preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 34.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 66.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 3 has the above-mentioned composition. By having these characteristics, it has the following advantages: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, (3) a refrigeration capacity of 153% or more compared to R134a, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more. It has characteristics.

[0126] When the refrigerant 3 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, it is particularly preferable that the content of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 3 has the above-mentioned composition. By having this characteristic, it has the following features: (1) a sufficiently small GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP of 92% or more compared to R134a, (3) a refrigeration capacity of 155% or more compared to R134a, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more. It has sexuality.

[0127] 1.4 Refrigerant 4 In one embodiment, the refrigerants included in the compositions of the present disclosure are HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The content of HFO-1132(E) is 21.0% of the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The content of HFO-1234yf is 79.0 to 71.6 mass%. This refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "Refrigerant 4".

[0128] The refrigerant 4 has the above-mentioned configuration, and therefore (1) has a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less). (2) It has a COP equivalent to that of R1234yf, and (3) It has a COP of 140% or more compared to R1234yf. (4) It must be mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of the refrigerant 4 at a saturation temperature of -10°C is 0.380 MPa or more. The upper limit is 0.420 MPa or less, and it can be applied to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment without major design changes. It is possible.

[0129] In refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 21.0 mass% or more, thereby achieving a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more compared to R1234yf. Furthermore, in refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 28.4 mass% or less, thereby making it easier to ensure a critical temperature of 83.5°C or higher.

[0130] The refrigerant 4 may have a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more relative to R1234yf, preferably 142% or more, more preferably 143% or more, even more preferably 145% or more, and particularly preferably 146% or more.

[0131] Refrigerant 4 has a GWP of 100 or less, and therefore can significantly reduce the environmental impact in terms of global warming compared to other general-purpose refrigerants.

[0132] Refrigerant 4 is the most efficient refrigerant consumed in the refrigeration cycle compared to R1234yf. It is preferable that the ratio of refrigeration capacity to power (coefficient of performance (COP)) is high. Specifically, the COP for R1234yf is preferably 95% or more, more preferably 96% or more, even more preferably 97% or more, and particularly preferably 98% or more.

[0133] In the refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) is preferably 21.5 to 28.0 mass%, and the content of HFO-1234yf is preferably 78.5 to 72.0 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 4 must have a GWP of 100 or less and a COP of 98% or less relative to R1234yf. % or more, the refrigeration capacity of R1234yf is 140% or more, and the ASHRAE standard The refrigerant 4 has various characteristics, such as flame retardancy (class 2L), discharge temperature of 65.0°C or less, and critical temperature of 83.5°C or more. Furthermore, in this case, the refrigerant 4 is refrigerated at a saturation pressure of -10°C. The pressure is between 0.383 MPa and 0.418 MPa, which is a larger design than commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. It can be applied without modification.

[0134] In the refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) is more preferably 22.0 to 27.7 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is more preferably 78.0 to 72.3 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 4 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP of 98% or more relative to R1234yf, a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more relative to R1234yf, and a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more relative to R1234yf. The refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: it is mildly flammable (Class 2L), its discharge temperature is 65.0°C or less, and its critical temperature is 83.5°C or more. The saturation pressure is between 0.385 MPa and 0.417 MPa, which is significantly lower than that of commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0135] In the refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) is more preferably 22.5 to 27.5 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is more preferably 77.5 to 72.5 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 4 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP of 98% or more relative to R1234yf, a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more relative to R1234yf, and a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more relative to R1234yf. It is mildly flammable (Class 2L), discharge temperature is 64.8°C or less, and the critical temperature is 83.8°C. In this case, the refrigerant 4 has various characteristics, such as a saturation temperature of -10°C or higher. The saturation pressure is between 0.388 MPa and 0.414 MPa, which is significantly lower than that of commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0136] In the refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) is particularly preferably 23.0 to 27.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is particularly preferably 77.0 to 72.8 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 4 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP of 98% or more relative to R1234yf, a refrigeration capacity of 141% or more relative to R1234yf, and a refrigeration capacity of 141% or more relative to R1234yf. The refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: it is mildly flammable (Class 2L), its discharge temperature is 64.8°C or less, and its critical temperature is 83.8°C or more. The saturation pressure is between 0.390 MPa and 0.414 MPa, which is significantly lower than that of commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0137] In the refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) is particularly preferably 23.5 to 27.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and the content of HFO-1234yf is particularly preferably The content of refrigerant 4 is 76.5 to 73.0 mass %. In this case, refrigerant 4 has the following properties: GWP is 100 or less, COP relative to R1234yf is 98% or more, refrigeration capacity relative to R1234yf is 142% or more, it is slightly flammable (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard, discharge temperature is 64.8°C or less, and critical temperature is 83.8°C or more. Furthermore, in this case, refrigerant 4 has a saturation temperature of -10 The saturation pressure at ℃ is 0.390MPa or more and 0.414MPa or less, and is compared to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. It can be applied without major design changes.

[0138] In the refrigerant 4, the content of HFO-1132(E) is most preferably 24.0 to 26.7 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is most preferably 76.0 to 73.3 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 4 must have a GWP of 100 or less, a COP of 98% or more relative to R1234yf, a refrigeration capacity of 144% or more relative to R1234yf, and a refrigeration capacity of 144% or more relative to R1234yf. The refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: it is mildly flammable (Class 2L), its discharge temperature is 64.6°C or less, and its critical temperature is 84.0°C or more. The saturation pressure is between 0.396 MPa and 0.411 MPa, which is significantly lower than that of commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. It can be applied without any design changes.

[0139] In the refrigerant 4, the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of -10°C is usually 0.420 MPa or less, preferably 0.418 MPa. Within this range, the pressure can be increased by a large amount compared to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. Refrigerant 4 can be applied without any changes to the system.

[0140] In the refrigerant 4, the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of -10°C is usually 0.380 MPa or more, preferably 0.385 MPa. In these cases, the pressure is preferably 0.390 MPa or more, more preferably 0.400 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 0.410 MPa or more. In these cases, no major design changes are required for commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. A refrigerant 4 can be applied.

[0141] In the present disclosure, when refrigerant 4 is used to operate the refrigeration cycle, the discharge temperature is preferably 65°C or less, more preferably 50°C or less, from the viewpoint of extending the life of components of commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment. The temperature is preferably 64.8°C or lower, more preferably 64.7°C or lower, and particularly preferably 64.5°C or lower.

[0142] In the present disclosure, the refrigerant 4 is selected from the group consisting of: It is preferable to use it to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to 20°C.

[0143] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure is used, the cooling efficiency is 140% or more compared to R1234yf. From the viewpoint of obtaining freezing capacity, the evaporation temperature is preferably 20°C or less, more preferably 15°C or less, and even more preferably 15°C or less. The temperature is preferably 10°C or lower, and particularly preferably 5°C or lower.

[0144] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure is used, the cooling efficiency is 140% or more compared to R1234yf. From the viewpoint of obtaining freezing capacity, the evaporation temperature is preferably −75° C. or higher, more preferably −60° C. or higher, even more preferably −55° C. or higher, and particularly preferably −50° C. or higher.

[0145] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure is used, the cooling efficiency is 140% or more compared to R1234yf. From the viewpoint of obtaining freezing capacity, the evaporation temperature is preferably −75° C. or higher and 20° C. or lower, more preferably −65° C. or higher and 15° C. or lower, even more preferably −60° C. or higher and 10° C. or lower, even more preferably −55° C. or higher and 7.5° C. or lower, and particularly preferably −50° C. or higher and 5° C. or lower.

[0146] In the refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure is used, a component of a commercially available refrigeration device for R1234yf From the viewpoint of extending the life of the ink cartridge, the discharge temperature is preferably 65.0°C or lower, more preferably 64.9°C or lower, even more preferably 64.8°C or lower, and particularly preferably 64.7°C or lower.

[0147] In the present disclosure, when refrigerant 4 is used to operate a refrigeration cycle, the refrigeration cycle requires a liquefaction (condensation) process of the refrigerant, so the critical temperature must be significantly higher than the temperature of the cooling water or cooling air required to liquefy the refrigerant. From this perspective, in the refrigeration cycle using refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure, the critical temperature is preferably 83.5°C or higher, more preferably 83.8°C or higher, even more preferably 84.0°C or higher, and particularly preferably 84.5°C or higher.

[0148] Refrigerant 4 may be, in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, any of the following, within the range that does not impair the above-mentioned properties: Refrigerant 4 may further contain other refrigerants. In this case, the content of the other refrigerants in the total refrigerant 4 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, even more preferably 0.2 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. The other refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in this field. Refrigerant 4 may contain a single other refrigerant or two or more other refrigerants.

[0149] It is particularly preferable that the refrigerant 4 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Refrigerant 4 has a total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 4 of 100 mass%. It is particularly preferred that

[0150] When the refrigerant 4 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is typically 21.0 to 28.4 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is typically 79.0 to 71.6 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. By having such a composition, the refrigerant 4 (1) GWP is sufficiently small (less than 100), (2) COP is equivalent to that of R1234yf, (3) refrigeration capacity is 140% or more compared to R1234yf, and (4) ASHRAE standard Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 4 at a saturation temperature of -10°C is 0.380 MPa or more and 0.420 MPa or less, so that it can be used in commercially available refrigeration equipment for R1234yf without major design changes.

[0151] When the refrigerant 4 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is preferably 21.5 to 28.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is preferably 78.5 to 72.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, the refrigerant 4 is a refrigerant having a GWP of 100 or more. COP is 98% or more compared to R1234yf, refrigeration capacity is 140% or more compared to R1234yf, it is mildly flammable (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE standards, and the discharge temperature is 65.0°C. and a critical temperature of 83.5°C or higher. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of refrigerant 4 at a saturation temperature of -10°C is 0.383 MPa or higher and 0.418 MPa or lower, making it possible to apply refrigerant 4 to commercially available refrigeration equipment for R1234yf without major design changes.

[0152] When refrigerant 4 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is preferably 22.0 to 27.7 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is preferably 78.0 to 72.3 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: GWP of 100 or less, COP relative to R1234yf of 98% or more, refrigeration capacity relative to R1234yf of 140% or more, mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard, discharge temperature of 65.0°C or less, and critical temperature of 83.5°C or more. Furthermore, in this case, refrigerant 4 has a saturation pressure of 0.385 MPa or more and 0.417 MPa or less at a saturation temperature of -10°C. It can be applied to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment without major design changes.

[0153] When refrigerant 4 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is more preferably 22.5 to 27.5 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is even more preferably 77.5 to 72.5 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: GWP of 100 or less, COP relative to R1234yf of 98% or more, refrigeration capacity relative to R1234yf of 140% or more, mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard, discharge temperature of 64.8°C or less, and critical temperature of 83.8°C or more. Furthermore, in this case, refrigerant 4 has a saturation pressure of 0.388 MPa or more and 0.414 MPa or less at a saturation temperature of -10°C. It can be applied to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment without major design changes.

[0154] When refrigerant 4 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is particularly preferably 23.0 to 27.2 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is particularly preferably 77.0 to 72.8 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: GWP of 100 or less, COP relative to R1234yf of 98% or more, refrigeration capacity relative to R1234yf of 141% or more, mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard, discharge temperature of 64.8°C or less, and critical temperature of 83.8°C or more. Furthermore, in this case, refrigerant 4 has a saturation pressure of 0.390 MPa or more and 0.414 MPa or less at a saturation temperature of -10°C. It can be applied to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment without major design changes.

[0155] When refrigerant 4 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is particularly preferably 23.5 to 27.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is particularly preferably 76.5 to 73.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 4 is , GWP is 100 or less, COP against R1234yf is 98% or more, The refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: a refrigeration capacity of 142% or more, mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard, a discharge temperature of 64.8°C or less, and a critical temperature of 83.8°C or more. Furthermore, in this case, the saturation pressure of the refrigerant 4 at a saturation temperature of -10°C is 0.390 MPa or more and 0.414 MPa or less. This means that it can be applied to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment without major design changes.

[0156] When refrigerant 4 consists solely of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is most preferably 24.0 to 26.7 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is most preferably 76.0 to 73.3 mass% relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In this case, refrigerant 4 has the following characteristics: GWP of 100 or less, COP relative to R1234yf of 98% or more, refrigeration capacity relative to R1234yf of 144% or more, mild flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard, discharge temperature of 64.6°C or less, and critical temperature of 84.0°C or more. Furthermore, in this case, refrigerant 4 has a saturation pressure of 0.396 MPa or more and 0.411 MPa or less at a saturation temperature of -10°C. It can be applied to commercially available R1234yf refrigeration equipment without major design changes.

[0157] The refrigerant 5 of the present disclosure will be described below.

[0158] <Technical explanation> First, before explaining the refrigerant 5, the differences between gasoline vehicles and electric vehicles and the advantages of heat pumps will be explained.

[0159] (Difference between gasoline and electric vehicles) While gasoline-powered vehicles use warm air recycled from engine waste heat for heating, electric vehicles do not have a heat source to recycle, so they use electricity for heating. With conventional air conditioners that use electric heaters, heating directly leads to electricity consumption, significantly reducing the vehicle's effective driving range. Heat pumps, which use the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the outside air to heat the interior, can achieve a heating effect that exceeds the amount of electricity used, making it possible to heat the interior of a vehicle using less electricity than conventional systems.

[0160] (Advantages of heat pumps) When used for heating, the process involves (a) a heat exchanger absorbs heat from outside the vehicle and vaporizes the refrigerant gas, which is then compressed by a compressor to create a high-temperature, high-pressure gas, and (b) the cool air inside the vehicle is converted into warm air by heat exchange, and the warm air is then sent into the vehicle through the air conditioner vent. This is the reverse of the cycle in which heat is absorbed from the vehicle interior in summer and released from an outdoor heat exchanger to provide heating and cooling functions. Heat pumps, which can be used for both cooling and heating with a single refrigerant circuit, are characterized by their higher coefficient of performance (COP) compared to conventional heating systems using electric heaters.

[0161] 1.5 Refrigerant 5 In one embodiment, the refrigerants included in the compositions of the present disclosure are HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is 12.1 to 72.0 mass%, and the content of HFO-1234yf is 87.9 to 28.0 mass%. This refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "Refrigerant 5".

[0162] In the present disclosure, the refrigerant 5 is used in an air conditioner for a vehicle.

[0163] The refrigerant 5 has the above-described configuration, and therefore (1) has a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less). (2) It has a COP equivalent to that of R1234yf, and (3) It has a refrigeration rate of 128% or more compared to R1234yf. (4) The burning velocity is less than 10.0 cm / s. do.

[0164] In Refrigerant 5, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 12.1 mass% or more, so that when heating is performed using a heat pump in an electric vehicle, It is possible to ensure a boiling point of -40°C or less, which is advantageous for the This means that the pressure is above atmospheric pressure, and in the above applications, the boiling point is -40°C or lower, whichever is lower. is preferred.

[0165] Here, since the boiling point of HFO-1234yf is -29°C, its saturation pressure is below atmospheric pressure at evaporation temperatures of -30°C or lower. Therefore, when using a heat pump to heat an electric vehicle, there is a problem that heating operation is not possible, and even if heating operation is possible, the suction pressure to the compressor is very low, resulting in insufficient refrigeration capacity and a long heating time. In this case, since a highly efficient heat pump cannot be used in an electric vehicle, heating must be performed using an inefficient electric heater. In contrast, refrigerants with boiling points of -40°C or lower If this is the case, it will be possible to use a heat pump in an electric vehicle for heating up to an evaporation temperature of -40°C. Therefore, electric vehicles can be used for heating using heat pumps in almost all regions of the world.

[0166] In refrigerant 5, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf is 72.0 mass% or less, so that a burning velocity of less than 10.0 cm / s can be ensured, which contributes to safety when used in an automotive air conditioner.

[0167] The refrigerant 5 may have a refrigeration capacity of 128% or more relative to R1234yf, preferably 130% or more, more preferably 140% or more, even more preferably 150% or more, and particularly preferably 160% or more.

[0168] Refrigerant 5 has a GWP of between 5 and 100, making it superior to other general-purpose refrigerants in terms of global warming. This significantly reduces the environmental impact compared to conventional methods.

[0169] In terms of energy consumption efficiency, refrigerant 5 consumes less in the refrigeration cycle than R1234yf. It is sufficient that the ratio of refrigeration capacity to the power input (coefficient of performance (COP)) is 100% or more.

[0170] The use of the refrigerant 5 in an in-vehicle air conditioner has the advantage that heating can be performed using a heat pump, which consumes less power than an electric heater.

[0171] In the case of Refrigerant 5, the air conditioning equipment is preferably for a gasoline vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a hydrogen vehicle. Among these, from the viewpoint of increasing the vehicle's mileage while heating the vehicle interior using a heat pump, it is particularly preferable that the air conditioning equipment is for an electric vehicle. That is, in the present disclosure, it is particularly preferable to use Refrigerant 5 in an electric vehicle.

[0172] In the present disclosure, Refrigerant 5 is used in an automotive air conditioner. In the present disclosure, Refrigerant 5 is preferably used in an air conditioner for a gasoline vehicle, an air conditioner for a hybrid vehicle, an air conditioner for an electric vehicle, or an air conditioner for a hydrogen vehicle. In the present disclosure, Refrigerant 5 is particularly preferably used in an air conditioner for an electric vehicle.

[0173] In the present disclosure, refrigerant 5 is preferably used in refrigeration systems for automobiles such as gasoline-powered vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Among these, refrigerant 5 is particularly preferably used in refrigeration systems for electric vehicles that cannot utilize engine exhaust heat.

[0174] In addition, when starting the engine, in situations where the engine's exhaust heat cannot be used due to a malfunctioning thermostat or the like, the interior of vehicles such as gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles can be quickly heated by using a heat pump type heater equipped with refrigerant 5.

[0175] In the present disclosure, when heating the vehicle interior using a heat pump, the pressure is equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure at -40°C. Therefore, the boiling point of the refrigerant 5 is preferably −51.2 to −40.0° C., more preferably −50.0 The temperature is preferably from -42.0°C to -42.0°C, and more preferably from -48.0 to -44.0°C.

[0176] In the refrigerant 5, the content of HFO-1132(E) is preferably 15.0 to 65.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and the content of HFO-1234yf is preferably 85.0 to 35.0 mass%. It is expressed in mass%.

[0177] In the refrigerant 5, the content of HFO-1132(E) is more preferably 20.0 to 55.0 mass % and the content of HFO-1234yf is more preferably 80.0 to 45.0 mass % based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0178] In the refrigerant 5, the content of HFO-1132(E) is more preferably 25.0 to 50.0 mass % and the content of HFO-1234yf is more preferably 75.0 to 50.0 mass % based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0179] In the refrigerant 5, the content of HFO-1132(E) is particularly preferably 30.0 to 45.0 mass%, and the content of HFO-1234yf is particularly preferably 70.0 to 55.0 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0180] In the refrigerant 5, the content of HFO-1132(E) is most preferably 35.0 to 40.0 mass%, and the content of HFO-1234yf is most preferably 65.0 to 60.0 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0181] In the present disclosure, the burning velocity of the refrigerant 5 is preferably less than 10.0 cm / s, and more preferably less than 5.0 cm / s. It is more preferable that the velocity is less than 3.0 cm / s, and even more preferable that the velocity is less than 2.0 cm / s.

[0182] In the present disclosure, the refrigerant 5 is selected from the group consisting of: It is preferable to use it to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -40 to 10°C.

[0183] In the present disclosure, when refrigerant 5 is used to operate the refrigeration cycle, the discharge temperature is preferably 79°C or less, more preferably 75°C or less, even more preferably 70°C or less, and particularly preferably 67°C or less.

[0184] Refrigerant 5 may contain HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in a total concentration of typically 99.5 mass% or more. In the present disclosure, the total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 5 is The amount is preferably 99.7% by mass or more, more preferably 99.8% by mass or more, and more preferably 99.9% by mass or more. More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this.

[0185] Refrigerant 5 may include, in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the following, within the range that does not impair the above-mentioned properties: It may further contain other refrigerants. In this case, the content of the other refrigerants in the entire refrigerant 5 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, even more preferably 0.2 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. The other refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in this field. Refrigerant 5 may contain a single other refrigerant or two or more other refrigerants.

[0186] It is particularly preferable that the refrigerant 5 consists of only HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. Refrigerant 5 has a total concentration of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 5 of 100 mass%. It is particularly preferred that

[0187] When refrigerant 5 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is typically 12.1 to 72.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is typically 87.9 to 28.0 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0188] When refrigerant 5 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is preferably 15.0 to 65.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is preferably 85.0 to 35.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0189] When refrigerant 5 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is more preferably 20.0 to 55.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is more preferably 80.0 to 45.0 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0190] When refrigerant 5 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is more preferably 25.0 to 50.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is more preferably 75.0 to 50.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0191] When refrigerant 5 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is particularly preferably 30.0 to 45.0 mass%, and the content of HFO-1234yf is particularly preferably 70.0 to 55.0 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0192] When refrigerant 5 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content of HFO-1132(E) is most preferably 35.0 to 40.0 mass% and the content of HFO-1234yf is most preferably 65.0 to 60.0 mass%, based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.

[0193] 1.6 Purpose The composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure can be widely used as a working fluid in applications where existing refrigerants are used, such as 1) a refrigeration method including a step of operating a refrigeration cycle, and 2) a method of operating a refrigeration device that operates a refrigeration cycle.

[0194] Here, the refrigeration cycle refers to energy conversion by circulating a refrigerant (refrigerant 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the present disclosure) through a compressor inside a refrigeration device either in the form of the refrigerant alone or in the form of a refrigerant composition or a refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid, which will be described later.

[0195] Compositions containing the refrigerant disclosed herein are suitable for use in, but not limited to, vapor compression refrigeration cycles. A vapor compression refrigeration cycle consists of a series of steps: (1) compressing a refrigerant in a gaseous state using a compressor; (2) cooling it in a condenser to convert it into a high-pressure liquid; (3) reducing the pressure using an expansion valve; and (4) vaporizing it at a low temperature in an evaporator to remove heat using the heat of vaporization. Compressors can be classified into turbo (centrifugal), reciprocating, twin-screw, single-screw, and scroll compressors depending on the method of compressing the gaseous refrigerant, and can be selected based on heat capacity, compression ratio, and size.

[0196] The composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure is suitable as a refrigerant used in large chiller refrigerators, particularly turbo (centrifugal) compressors, although there are no particular limitations thereon.

[0197] The present disclosure also encompasses the use of the refrigerants of the present disclosure (or compositions containing them) in refrigeration methods, the use of the refrigerants of the present disclosure (or compositions containing them) in methods for operating refrigeration equipment and the like, and refrigeration equipment having the refrigerants of the present disclosure (or compositions containing them).

[0198] The composition containing the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure operates a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to -5°C. It is used to

[0199] A composition containing the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to -5°C. When used for this purpose, it has the advantage of providing refrigeration capacity equal to or greater than that of R404A. In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher and −5° C. or lower, more preferably −60° C. or higher and −7.5° C. or lower, and even more preferably −55° C. or lower. The temperature is preferably between -10°C and -10°C, more preferably between -50°C and -35°C.

[0200] In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −7.5° C. or lower, more preferably −10° C. or lower, and even more preferably −35° C. or lower.

[0201] In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher, more preferably −60° C. or higher, even more preferably −55° C. or higher, and particularly preferably is above -50°C.

[0202] The composition containing the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure is a refrigerant having a refrigerating capacity equal to or greater than that of R404A. It is preferable that the refrigeration cycle be operated with a temperature of -75 to 15°C. In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the disclosed refrigerant 2 is used, the evaporation temperature is more preferably −65° C. or higher and 10° C. or lower, even more preferably −60° C. or higher and 5° C. or lower, even more preferably −55° C. or higher and 0° C. or lower, and particularly preferably −50° C. or higher and −5° C. or lower.

[0203] In a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure, the evaporation temperature is preferably 15°C or lower, more preferably 5°C or lower, even more preferably 0°C or lower, and particularly preferably -5°C or lower.

[0204] In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher, more preferably −60° C. or higher, even more preferably −55° C. or higher, and particularly preferably is above -50°C.

[0205] The composition containing the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure has a refrigeration capacity equivalent to or greater than that of R134a. Therefore, it is preferable to use it to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to 15°C. In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is more preferably -65°C or higher and 15°C or lower, even more preferably -60°C or higher and 5°C or lower, and even more preferably The temperature is preferably from -55°C to 0°C, and more preferably from -50°C to -5°C.

[0206] In a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure, the evaporation temperature is preferably 15°C or lower, more preferably 5°C or lower, even more preferably 0°C or lower, and particularly preferably -5°C or lower.

[0207] In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher, more preferably −60° C. or higher, even more preferably −55° C. or higher, and particularly preferably is above -50°C.

[0208] In a refrigeration cycle in which a composition containing the refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporation temperature is preferably −65° C. or higher and 15° C. or lower, more preferably −60° C. or higher and 5° C. or lower, even more preferably −55° C. or higher and 0° C. or lower, and particularly preferably −50° C. or higher and −5° C. or lower.

[0209] The composition containing the refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure has a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more compared to R1234yf. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to use it to operate a refrigeration cycle with an evaporation temperature of -75 to 20°C. In a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing the refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure, the evaporation temperature is more preferably −65° C. or higher and 15° C. or lower, even more preferably −60° C. or higher and 10° C. or lower, even more preferably −55° C. or higher and 7.5° C. or lower, and particularly preferably −50° C. or higher and 5° C. or lower.

[0210] In a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure, compared with R1234yf From the viewpoint of obtaining a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more, the evaporation temperature is preferably 20°C or lower, more preferably 15°C or lower, even more preferably 10°C or lower, and particularly preferably 5°C or lower.

[0211] In a refrigeration cycle using a composition containing refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure, compared with R1234yf From the viewpoint of obtaining a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more, the evaporation temperature is preferably -75°C or higher, more preferably The temperature is preferably −60° C. or higher, more preferably −55° C. or higher, and particularly preferably −50° C. or higher.

[0212] Preferred examples of refrigeration equipment to which the refrigerant 1, refrigerant 2, refrigerant 3, and refrigerant 4 (or compositions containing them) of the present disclosure can be applied include air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, water coolers, ice makers, refrigerated showcases, freezer / refrigeration units, freezers for refrigerated warehouses, automotive air conditioners, turbo freezers, and screw freezers. Of these, automotive air conditioners are more preferred. Among automotive air conditioners, air conditioners for gasoline vehicles, high-pressure vehicles, and the like are also preferred. An air conditioner for a hybrid vehicle, an air conditioner for an electric vehicle, or an air conditioner for a hydrogen vehicle is more preferred. Among the vehicle air conditioners, an air conditioner for an electric vehicle is particularly preferred.

[0213] Compositions containing refrigerant 1 or 2 of the present disclosure include R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B , R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, or R513A. Compositions containing Refrigerant 1 or 2 of the present disclosure are more suitable for use as replacement refrigerants for R22, R404A, R407F, R407H, R448A, R449A, R454C, R455A, or R465A. Furthermore, The composition containing refrigerant 1 or 2 of the present disclosure has a refrigeration capacity equivalent to that of the currently widely used R404A. and has a sufficiently low GWP, making it particularly suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant to R404A.

[0214] Compositions containing Refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure may be used as replacement refrigerants for R134a, R1234yf, or CO2. The compositions containing Refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure are suitable for use as a replacement refrigerant for R134a. Furthermore, the composition containing Refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure is more suitable than R134a, which is currently widely used. It has a refrigeration capacity of 150% or more compared to R134a and a sufficiently low GWP, making it particularly suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant to R134a.

[0215] Compositions containing refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure include R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, and R407F. , R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, R513A, R1234yf or R1234ze as a replacement refrigerant. The compositions containing Refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure are more suitable for use as replacement refrigerants for R12, R134a, R404A, R407C, R449C, R454C, R1234yf, or R1234ze. Furthermore, the compositions containing Refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure have a carbon dioxide equivalent of 140% or more compared to the currently widely used R1234yf. and has a sufficiently low GWP, making it particularly suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf.

[0216] Compositions containing Refrigerant 5 of the present disclosure include R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F , R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, R513A, R1234yf, or R1234ze. The compositions containing refrigerant 5 of the present disclosure are suitable for use as a replacement refrigerant for R12, R134a, or R1234yf. Furthermore, the composition containing Refrigerant 5 of the present disclosure has a refrigeration capacity of 140% or more compared to R1234yf, which is currently widely used, and has a sufficiently small GWP, making it particularly suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf.

[0217] The composition containing Refrigerant 5 of the present disclosure is preferably used in an automotive air conditioner. The automotive air conditioner is preferably an air conditioner for a gasoline-powered vehicle, an air conditioner for a hybrid vehicle, an air conditioner for an electric vehicle, or an air conditioner for a hydrogen vehicle. Of these, it is particularly preferred that the automotive air conditioner be an air conditioner for an electric vehicle. That is, in the present disclosure, the composition containing Refrigerant 5 is particularly preferably used in an electric vehicle.

[0218] 2. Refrigerant composition The refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure include at least the refrigerant of the present disclosure and can be used for the same applications as the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0219] The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigerating machine oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigeration system.

[0220] The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure contains, in addition to the refrigerant of the present disclosure, at least one other component. The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain at least one of the following other components, if necessary.

[0221] As described above, when the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigeration device, it is usually mixed with at least a refrigerating machine oil.

[0222] Here, the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure is preferably substantially free of refrigerating machine oil. Specifically, the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure preferably contains 0 to 1 mass% of refrigerating machine oil relative to the total refrigerant composition, more preferably 0 to 0.5 mass%, even more preferably 0 to 0.25 mass%, and particularly preferably 0 to 0.1 mass%.

[0223] 2.1 water The refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure may contain trace amounts of water.

[0224] The water content in the refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 0.1% by mass based on the total mass of the refrigerant. It is more preferable that the content is 0 to 0.075 mass%, and further more preferable that the content is 0 to 0.05 mass%. It is particularly preferable that the content is 0 to 0.025% by mass.

[0225] When the refrigerant composition contains a small amount of water, the intramolecular double bonds of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that may be contained in the refrigerant are stabilized, and oxidation of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds is also made less likely, thereby improving the stability of the refrigerant composition. From the viewpoint of obtaining the above-mentioned effects of containing water, the lower limit of the water content is about 0.001% by mass. For example, the water content ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% by mass, 0.001 to 0.075% by mass, 0.001 to 0.05% by mass, and 0.001 to 0.025% by mass. can be adjusted.

[0226] 2.2 tracer The tracer is added to the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure at a detectable concentration so that if the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure is diluted, contaminated, or otherwise altered, the tracer can be traced.

[0227] The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type of the above tracer alone, or may contain two or more types.

[0228] The tracer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, the tracer is selected from compounds that cannot be impurities that inevitably become mixed into the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0229] Examples of the tracer include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (NO), etc. Among these, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, Preferred are trifluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons and fluoroethers.

[0230] Specifically, the following compounds (hereinafter also referred to as tracer compounds) are more preferable as the tracer. HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH3Cl) HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH3F) HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH3CH2F) HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2), HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF3), HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CHFCHF2), HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH2ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF2=CClF) HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF3OCHF2), HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF3OCH2F), HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF3OCH3) HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF3OCHFCF3) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF3OCH2CF3)

[0231] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of 10 parts per million by mass (ppm) to 1000 ppm. The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of 30 ppm to 500 ppm. It is preferable that the total concentration of the refrigerant composition is 50 ppm to 300 ppm. It is more preferable that the total concentration of the refrigerant composition is 75 ppm to 250 ppm, and more preferably 100 ppm. It is particularly preferred that it be present in the refrigerant composition in a total concentration of up to 200 ppm.

[0232] 2.3 UV fluorescent dye The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type of ultraviolet fluorescent dye alone, or may contain two or more types.

[0233] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from among commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0234] Examples of the ultraviolet fluorescent dye include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. Among these, naphthalimide and coumarin are preferred.

[0235] The content of the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not particularly limited, and is usually 0.01 to 5 mass %, preferably 0.05 to 3 mass %, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mass %, and more preferably 0.25 to 1.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the refrigerant. is more preferable, and 0.5 to 1 mass % is particularly preferable.

[0236] 2.4 stabilizers The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type of stabilizer alone, or two or more types.

[0237] The stabilizer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used stabilizers.

[0238] Examples of the stabilizer include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

[0239] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane, and aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene.

[0240] An example of the ethers is 1,4-dioxane.

[0241] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

[0242] Examples of the stabilizer include butylhydroxyxylene, benzotriazole, and the like, in addition to the nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

[0243] The content of the stabilizer is not particularly limited, and is usually 0.01 to 5 mass %, preferably 0.05 to 3 mass %, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mass %, and even more preferably 0.25 to 1.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the refrigerant. The content is preferably 0.5 to 1 mass %, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 1 mass %.

[0244] The method for evaluating the stability of the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and can be evaluated by a commonly used method. Therefore, there is a method of evaluation using the amount of free fluorine ions as an index. There is also a method of evaluation using the total acid number as an index. This method is as follows: For example, this can be done according to ASTM D 974-06.

[0245] 2.5 Polymerization inhibitor The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type of polymerization inhibitor alone, or may contain two or more types.

[0246] The polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from among commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

[0247] Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone, Examples thereof include quinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

[0248] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, and is usually 0.01 to 5 parts by mass based on the total amount of the refrigerant. The content is % by mass, preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass, further preferably 0.25 to 1.5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 1% by mass.

[0249] 2.6 Other components that may be included in the refrigerant composition The refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure may also include the following components:

[0250] For example, the refrigerant may contain a fluorinated hydrocarbon other than the above-mentioned refrigerant. The fluorinated hydrocarbon as another component is not particularly limited, and may include HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, and CFC-1113. At least one fluorinated hydrocarbon selected from the group:

[0251] Other components include, for example, compounds represented by the formula (A): C m H n X p[wherein X's each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≧n+p, and p≧1.] The halogenated organic compound is not particularly limited, and preferred examples include difluorochloromethane, chloromethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, and trifluoroethylene.

[0252] Other components include, for example, compounds represented by the formula (B): C m H n X p [wherein X each independently represents an atom other than a halogen atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≧n+p, and p≧1.] The organic compound is not particularly limited, and preferred examples include propane and isobutane.

[0253] The contents of these fluorinated hydrocarbons, the halogenated organic compound represented by formula (A), and the organic compound represented by formula (B) are not limited, but the total amount of these is the refrigerant composition. The content is preferably 0.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.3% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.1% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the substance.

[0254] 3. Working fluid containing refrigeration oil The refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure contains at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition of the present disclosure and a refrigerating machine oil, and is used as a working fluid in a refrigeration device. Specifically, the refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure is obtained by mixing the refrigerating machine oil used in the compressor of the refrigeration device with the refrigerant or refrigerant composition.

[0255] The content of the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, and is usually 10 to 50 mass %, preferably 12.5 to 45 mass %, more preferably 15 to 40 mass %, and more preferably 17.5 to 50 mass %, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid. It is more preferably up to 35% by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 30% by mass.

[0256] 3.1 Refrigerating machine oil The composition of the present disclosure may contain one type of refrigerating machine oil alone, or may contain two or more types.

[0257] The refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from among commonly used refrigerating machine oils. In this case, the refrigerating machine oil may be selected, if necessary, from the viewpoints of compatibility with the refrigerant mixture of the present disclosure (the mixed refrigerant of the present disclosure) and the effect of improving the stability of the mixed refrigerant of the present disclosure. Therefore, a refrigerating machine oil having a better performance can be appropriately selected.

[0258] Examples of the base oil for the refrigerating machine oil include polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol, At least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl ester (POE) and polyvinyl ether (PVE) is preferred.

[0259] The refrigerating machine oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil.

[0260] The additive may be at least one selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oiliness agents, and antifoaming agents.

[0261] From the viewpoint of lubrication, the refrigerating machine oil should have a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40°C. preferable.

[0262] The refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure may further contain at least one additive, if necessary. Examples of the additives include the following compatibilizers.

[0263] 3.2 Compatibilizer The refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure may contain one type of compatibilizer alone or two or more types.

[0264] The compatibilizer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from among commonly used compatibilizers.

[0265] Examples of the compatibilizer include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes, etc. Among these, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers are preferred. [Example]

[0266] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, although the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.

[0267] Test Example 1-1 Examples 1-1 to 1-13, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-2, and Reference Example 1-1 (R404A) The GWP of the mixed refrigerants used was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0268] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)). Evaporation temperature -50℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0269] "Evaporation temperature -50°C" means that the evaporation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the evaporator of the refrigeration device is -50°C. Also, "condensation temperature 40°C" means that the condensation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the condenser of the refrigeration device is 40°C.

[0270] The results of Test Example 1-1 are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure. In Table 1, "COP ratio" and "refrigeration capacity ratio" indicate the ratio (%) relative to R404A. In Table 1, "Saturation pressure (40°C)" indicates the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C. In Table 1, "Discharge temperature (°C)" indicates the temperature at which the refrigerant temperature becomes highest in the refrigeration cycle in theoretical calculations of the above mixed refrigerant.

[0271] The coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated using the following formula: COP = (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption

[0272] The compression ratio was calculated using the following formula: Compression ratio = condensing pressure (Mpa) / evaporating pressure (Mpa)

[0273] The flammability of mixed refrigerants is measured by the WCF concentration in accordance with the ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard. Therefore, the judgment was made by measuring the burning speed. "Class 2L (slightly flammable)" and those with a burning speed of over 10cm / s are "Class 2 (weakly flammable)." In Table 1, "ASHRAE flammability" is defined as "Class 1 (non-flammable)." The "category" indicates the results based on this criteria.

[0274] The combustion rate test was carried out as follows: First, the mixed refrigerant used was 99.5% or more pure. The sample was degassed by repeated cycles of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no trace of air was visible on the vacuum gauge. Burning rates were measured using the closed-loop method. The initial temperature was ambient. Ignition was achieved by generating an electrical spark between electrodes in the center of the sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flames was visualized using Schlieren photography. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with a window was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a framing rate of 600 fps and saved on a PC.

[0275] The flammable range of mixed refrigerants is measured using a measuring device based on ASTM E681-09 (see Figure 1). carried out.

[0276] Specifically, a spherical glass flask with an internal volume of 12 liters was used so that the state of combustion could be visually observed and recorded. The glass flask was designed so that gas could be released from the top lid if excessive pressure was generated by combustion. The ignition method was to use an electrode held at 1 / 3 of the height from the bottom. It was generated by discharge from

[0277] <Test conditions> Test container: 280mmφ spherical (internal volume: 12 liters) Test temperature: 60°C ± 3°C Pressure: 101.3kPa ±0.7kPa Moisture: 0.0088g ± 0.0005g per 1g of dry air (moisture content at 23°C and 50% relative humidity) Refrigerant composition / air mixture ratio: 1 vol.% increments ± 0.2 vol.% Refrigerant composition mixture: ±0.1% by mass Ignition method: AC discharge, voltage 15kV, current 30mA, neon transformer Electrode spacing: 6.4mm (1 / 4inch) Spark: 0.4 seconds ±0.05 seconds Judgment criteria: If the flame spreads more than 90 degrees from the ignition point, the flame is propagating (flammable). If the flame spread is less than 90 degrees from the ignition point, there is no flame propagation (non-combustible).

[0278] [Table 1]

[0279] Test Example 1-2 Examples 1-14 to 1-26, Comparative Examples 1-3 to 1-4, and Reference Example 1-2 (R404A) The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures used was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0280] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -35℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0281] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0282] The results of Test Example 1-2 are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure. In Table 2, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0283] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0284] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0285] The flammability range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 1-1.

[0286] [Table 2]

[0287] Test Example 1-3 Examples 1-27 to 1-39, Comparative Examples 1-5 to 1-6, and Reference Example 1-3 (R404A) The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures used was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0288] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -10℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0289] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0290] The results of Test Example 1-3 are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure. In Table 3, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0291] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0292] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0293] The flammability range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 1-1.

[0294] [Table 3]

[0295] Test Example 1-4 The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures shown in Comparative Examples 1-7 to 1-21 and Reference Example 1-4 (R404A) was evaluated based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0296] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -80℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0297] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0298] The results of Test Example 1-4 are shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows comparative examples of Refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure. In Table 4, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0299] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0300] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0301] The flammability range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 1-1.

[0302] [Table 4]

[0303] Test Example 1-5 The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures shown in Comparative Examples 1-22 to 1-36 and Reference Example 1-5 (R404A) was evaluated based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0304] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature 10℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0305] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0306] The results of Test Example 1-5 are shown in Table 5. Table 5 shows comparative examples of Refrigerant 1 of the present disclosure. In Table 5, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 1-1.

[0307] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0308] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1.

[0309] The flammability range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 1-1.

[0310] [Table 5]

[0311] Test Example 2-1 As shown in Examples 2-1 to 2-6, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-9, and Reference Example 2-1 (R404A), The GWP of mixed refrigerants was evaluated based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0312] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -50℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0313] "Evaporation temperature -50°C" means that the evaporation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the evaporator of the refrigeration device is -50°C. Also, "condensation temperature 40°C" means that the condensation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the condenser of the refrigeration device is 40°C.

[0314] The results of Test Example 2-1 are shown in Table 6. Table 6 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure. In Table 6, "COP ratio" and "refrigeration capacity ratio" indicate the ratio (%) relative to R404A. In Table 6, "Saturation pressure (40°C)" indicates the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C. In Table 6, "Discharge temperature (°C)" indicates the temperature at which the refrigerant temperature becomes highest in the refrigeration cycle in theoretical calculations of the above mixed refrigerant.

[0315] The coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated using the following formula: COP = (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption

[0316] The compression ratio was calculated using the following formula: Compression ratio = condensing pressure (Mpa) / evaporating pressure (Mpa)

[0317] The flammability of mixed refrigerants is measured by the WCF concentration in accordance with the ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard. Therefore, the judgment was made by measuring the burning speed. "Class 2L (slightly flammable)" and those with a burning speed of over 10cm / s are "Class 2 (weakly flammable)." In Table 6, "ASHRAE flammability" is defined as "Class 1 (non-flammable)." The "category" indicates the results based on this criteria.

[0318] The combustion rate test was carried out as follows: First, the mixed refrigerant used was 99.5% or more pure. The sample was degassed by repeated cycles of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no trace of air was visible on the vacuum gauge. Burning rates were measured using the closed-loop method. The initial temperature was ambient. Ignition was achieved by generating an electrical spark between electrodes in the center of the sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flames was visualized using Schlieren photography. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with a window was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a framing rate of 600 fps and saved on a PC.

[0319] The flammability range of the mixed refrigerants was measured using a measuring device (see Figure 1) based on ASTM E681-09.

[0320] Specifically, a spherical glass flask with an internal volume of 12 liters was used so that the state of combustion could be visually observed and recorded. The glass flask was designed so that gas could be released from the top lid if excessive pressure was generated by combustion. The ignition method was to use an electrode held at 1 / 3 of the height from the bottom. It was generated by discharge from

[0321] <Test conditions> Test container: 280mmφ spherical (internal volume: 12 liters) Test temperature: 60°C ± 3°C Pressure: 101.3kPa ±0.7kPa Moisture: 0.0088g ± 0.0005g per 1g of dry air (moisture content at 23°C and 50% relative humidity) Refrigerant composition / air mixture ratio: 1 vol.% increments ± 0.2 vol.% Refrigerant composition mixture: ±0.1% by mass Ignition method: AC discharge, voltage 15kV, current 30mA, neon transformer Electrode spacing: 6.4mm (1 / 4inch) Spark: 0.4 seconds ±0.05 seconds Judgment criteria: If the flame spreads more than 90 degrees from the ignition point, the flame is propagating (flammable). If the flame spread is less than 90 degrees from the ignition point, there is no flame propagation (non-combustible).

[0322] [Table 6]

[0323] Test Example 2-2 Examples 2-7 to 2-12, Comparative Examples 2-10 to 2-18, and Reference Example 2-2 (R404A) The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures used was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0324] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -35℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0325] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0326] The results of Test Example 2-2 are shown in Table 7. Table 7 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure. In Table 7, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0327] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0328] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0329] The flammable range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 2-1.

[0330] [Table 7]

[0331] Test Example 2-3 Examples 2-13 to 2-18, Comparative Examples 2-19 to 2-27, and Reference Example 2-3 (R404A) The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures shown was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0332] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -10℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0333] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0334] The results of Test Example 2-3 are shown in Table 8. Table 8 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure. In Table 8, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0335] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0336] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0337] The flammable range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 2-1.

[0338] [Table 8]

[0339] Test Example 2-4 Examples 2-19 to 2-24, Comparative Examples 2-28 to 2-36, and Reference Example 2-4 (R404A) The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures shown was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0340] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -80℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0341] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0342] The results of Test Example 2-4 are shown in Table 9. Table 9 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure. In Table 9, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0343] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0344] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0345] The flammable range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 2-1.

[0346] [Table 9]

[0347] Test Example 2-5 Examples 2-25 to 2-30, Comparative Examples 2-37 to 2-45, and Reference Example 2-5 (R404A) The GWP of the refrigerant mixtures shown was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0348] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 40℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature 10℃ Condensation temperature 40℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0349] The meanings of the above terms are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0350] The results of Test Example 2-5 are shown in Table 10. Table 10 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 2 of the present disclosure. In Table 10, the meanings of each term are the same as in Test Example 2-1.

[0351] The coefficient of performance (COP) and compression ratio were determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0352] The flammability of the mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1. The burning rate test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 2-1.

[0353] The flammable range of the mixed refrigerant was measured using a measuring device (see FIG. 1) based on ASTM E681-09 under the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 2-1.

[0354] [Table 10]

[0355] Test Example 3 Examples 3-1 to 3-5, Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-5, Reference Example 3-1 (R134a) and Reference Example 3 The GWP of the mixed refrigerant shown in -2 (R404A) was evaluated based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0356] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature, saturation pressure at saturation temperature 45℃, condensation The pressure and evaporation pressure were determined by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature -10℃ Condensation temperature 45℃ Superheat temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0357] "Evaporation temperature -10°C" means that the evaporation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the evaporator of the refrigeration device is -10°C. Also, "condensation temperature 45°C" means that the condensation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the condenser of the refrigeration device is 45°C.

[0358] The results of Test Example 3 are shown in Table 11. Table 11 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 3 of the present disclosure. In Table 11, "COP ratio" and "refrigeration capacity ratio" indicate the ratio (%) relative to R134a. In Table 11, "Saturation pressure (45°C)" indicates the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 45°C. In Table 11, "Discharge temperature (°C)" indicates the temperature at which the refrigerant temperature becomes highest in the refrigeration cycle in theoretical calculations of the above mixed refrigerant.

[0359] The coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated using the following formula: COP = (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption

[0360] Critical temperatures were calculated using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and the Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 10.0). This was determined by performing calculations.

[0361] The flammability of mixed refrigerants is measured by the WCF concentration in accordance with the ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard. Therefore, the judgment was made by measuring the burning speed. "Class 2L (slightly flammable)" and those with a burning speed of over 10cm / s are "Class 2 (weakly flammable)." In Table 11, "ASHRAE Combustion Class 1 (Non-flammable)" is used. "Gender classification" indicates the results based on this criteria.

[0362] The combustion rate test was carried out as follows: First, the mixed refrigerant used was 99.5% or more pure. The sample was degassed by repeated cycles of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no trace of air was visible on the vacuum gauge. Burning rates were measured using the closed-loop method. The initial temperature was ambient. Ignition was achieved by generating an electrical spark between electrodes in the center of the sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flames was visualized using Schlieren photography. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with a window was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a framing rate of 600 fps and saved on a PC.

[0363] The flammability range of the mixed refrigerants was measured using a measuring device (see Figure 1) based on ASTM E681-09.

[0364] Specifically, a spherical glass flask with an internal volume of 12 liters was used so that the state of combustion could be visually observed and recorded. The glass flask was designed so that gas could be released from the top lid if excessive pressure was generated by combustion. The ignition method was to use an electrode held at 1 / 3 of the height from the bottom. It was generated by discharge from

[0365] <Test conditions> Test container: 280mmφ spherical (internal volume: 12 liters) Test temperature: 60°C ± 3°C Pressure: 101.3kPa ±0.7kPa Moisture: 0.0088g ± 0.0005g per 1g of dry air (moisture content at 23°C and 50% relative humidity) Refrigerant composition / air mixture ratio: 1 vol.% increments ± 0.2 vol.% Refrigerant composition mixture: ±0.1% by mass Ignition method: AC discharge, voltage 15kV, current 30mA, neon transformer Electrode spacing: 6.4mm (1 / 4inch) Spark: 0.4 seconds ±0.05 seconds Judgment criteria: If the flame spreads more than 90 degrees from the ignition point, the flame is propagating (flammable). If the flame spread is less than 90 degrees from the ignition point, there is no flame propagation (non-combustible).

[0366] [Table 11]

[0367] Test Example 4 The GWP of the mixed refrigerants shown in Examples 4-1 to 4-7 and Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-5 was evaluated based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0368] COP, refrigeration capacity, discharge temperature and saturation pressure at saturation temperature -10℃ of these mixed refrigerants was obtained by performing theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant under the following conditions using Refprop 10.0 (manufactured by NIST). Evaporation temperature 5℃ Condensation temperature 45℃ Superheat temperature 5K Supercooling temperature 5K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0369] "Evaporation temperature 5°C" means that the evaporation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the evaporator of the refrigeration device is 5°C. Also, "condensation temperature 45°C" means that the condensation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the condenser of the refrigeration device is 45°C.

[0370] The results of Test Example 4 are shown in Table 12. Table 12 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 4 of the present disclosure. In Table 12, "COP ratio" and "refrigeration capacity ratio" indicate the ratio (%) relative to R1234yf. In Table 12, "saturation pressure (-10℃)" is the saturation pressure as a representative value of the evaporation temperature under refrigeration conditions. The figure shows the saturation pressure at a temperature of -10° C. In Table 12, "Discharge temperature (° C.)" indicates the temperature at which the refrigerant temperature becomes highest in the refrigeration cycle in theoretical calculations of the above mixed refrigerant.

[0371] The coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated using the following formula: COP = (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption

[0372] Critical temperatures were calculated using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and the Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 10.0). This was determined by performing calculations.

[0373] The flammability of mixed refrigerants is measured by the WCF concentration in accordance with the ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard. Therefore, the judgment was made by measuring the burning speed. "Class 2L (slightly flammable)" and those with a burning speed of over 10cm / s are "Class 2 (weakly flammable)." In Table 12, "ASHRAE Combustion Class 1 (Non-flammable)" is used. "Gender classification" indicates the results based on this criteria.

[0374] The combustion rate test was carried out as follows: First, the mixed refrigerant used was 99.5% or more pure. The sample was degassed by repeated cycles of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no trace of air was visible on the vacuum gauge. Burning rates were measured using the closed-loop method. The initial temperature was ambient. Ignition was achieved by generating an electrical spark between electrodes in the center of the sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flames was visualized using Schlieren photography. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with a window was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a framing rate of 600 fps and saved on a PC.

[0375] The flammability range of the mixed refrigerants was measured using a measuring device (see Figure 1) based on ASTM E681-09.

[0376] Specifically, a 12-liter spherical gas tank was installed so that the combustion state could be visually observed and recorded. A glass flask was used, and the flask was designed so that gas could be released from the top lid if excessive pressure was generated by combustion. The ignition method was to use an electrode held at 1 / 3 of the height from the bottom. It was generated by discharge from

[0377] <Test conditions> Test container: 280mmφ spherical (internal volume: 12 liters) Test temperature: 60°C ± 3°C Pressure: 101.3kPa ±0.7kPa Moisture: 0.0088g ± 0.0005g per 1g of dry air (moisture content at 23°C and 50% relative humidity) Refrigerant composition / air mixture ratio: 1 vol.% increments ±0.2 vol.% Refrigerant composition mixture: ±0.1% by mass Ignition method: AC discharge, voltage 15kV, current 30mA, neon transformer Electrode spacing: 6.4mm (1 / 4inch) Spark: 0.4 seconds ±0.05 seconds Judgment criteria: If the flame spreads more than 90 degrees from the ignition point, the flame is propagating (flammable). If the flame spread is less than 90 degrees from the ignition point, there is no flame propagation (non-combustible).

[0378] [Table 12]

[0379] Test Example 5 Examples 5-1 to 5-13, Comparative Examples 5-1 to 5-3, and Reference Example 5-1 (R134a) The GWP of the mixed refrigerants used was assessed based on the values ​​in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

[0380] The COP, refrigeration capacity, boiling point and discharge temperature of these mixed refrigerants are calculated based on Refprop 10.0 (NIST). The refrigeration cycle was calculated theoretically using the refrigerant mixture under the following conditions: Evaporation temperature -30℃ Condensation temperature 30℃ Superheat temperature 5K Supercooling temperature 5K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0381] "Evaporation temperature -30°C" means that the evaporation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the evaporator of the refrigeration device is -30°C. Also, "condensation temperature 30°C" means that the condensation temperature of the mixed refrigerant in the condenser of the refrigeration device is 30°C.

[0382] The results of Test Example 5 are shown in Table 13. Table 13 shows examples and comparative examples of Refrigerant 5 of the present disclosure. In Table 13, "COP ratio" and "refrigeration capacity ratio" indicate the ratio (%) relative to R1234yf. In Table 13, "Discharge temperature (℃)" indicates the temperature at which the refrigerant temperature becomes highest in the refrigeration cycle in the theoretical calculation of the refrigeration cycle of the above mixed refrigerant. In Table 13, "Boiling point (℃)" indicates the temperature at which the liquid phase of the mixed refrigerant becomes atmospheric pressure (101.33 kPa). In Table 13, "Power consumption "Energy Consumption (%)" indicates the electrical energy used to run an electric vehicle, and is expressed as a ratio to the amount of electricity consumed when the refrigerant is HFO-1234yf. In Table 13, "Energy Consumption (%) for Heating" " indicates the electrical energy used to operate the heater in an electric vehicle, and is expressed as a ratio to the amount of power consumed when the refrigerant is HFO-1234yf. In Table 13, "driving distance" indicates the relative percentage (%) of the driving distance when an electric vehicle equipped with a secondary battery of a certain electrical capacity is driven without heating (heating power consumption is 0), assuming that the driving distance when driven without heating is 100%.

[0383] The coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated using the following formula: COP = (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption

[0384] The flammability of mixed refrigerants is measured by the WCF concentration in accordance with the ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard. Therefore, the combustion rate was measured as follows. The combustion rate was measured as follows: First, the mixed refrigerant used was 99.5% or more pure, and no trace of air was observed on the vacuum gauge. The gas was degassed by repeated cycles of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no further gas was released. The burning rate was measured by the closed-loop method. The initial temperature was ambient. Ignition was achieved by generating an electric spark between electrodes in the center of the sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. Schlieren photography was used to observe the flame. The spread was visualized. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) with two light-transmitting acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Len images were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a framing rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

[0385] The heating method used was an electric heater system for heating refrigerants with a boiling point above -40°C, and a heat pump system for heating refrigerants with a boiling point below -40°C.

[0386] The amount of power consumed during heating was calculated using the following formula. Power consumption when heating = Heating capacity / Heating COP Heating COP stands for "heating efficiency."

[0387] Regarding heating efficiency, for an electric heater, the heating COP is 1, and the same amount of electricity is consumed for heating as for power. In other words, the power consumption for heating is E = E / (1 + COP). On the other hand, for a heat pump, the heating COP was calculated using Refprop 10.0 (NIST) by performing a theoretical calculation of the refrigeration cycle for a mixed refrigerant under the following conditions: Evaporation temperature -30℃ Condensation temperature 30℃ Superheat temperature 5K Supercooling temperature 5K Compressor efficiency 70%

[0388] The driving distance was calculated using the following formula: Driving distance = (battery capacity) / (power consumption + heating power consumption)

[0389] [Table 13] [Explanation of symbols]

[0390] 1: Preparation line 2: Sampling line 3: Thermometer 4: Pressure gauge 5: Electrode 6: Stirring blade (PTFE)

Claims

1. A composition containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), The refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in a total concentration of 99.7% by mass or more, Based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, The content of HFO-1132(E) is 12.1 to 45.0 mass%; The content of HFO-1234yf is 87.9 to 55.0 mass%, and A composition comprising 0 to 0.1 mass % of water relative to the total mass of the refrigerant.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant is used in an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a freezer, a water cooler, an ice maker, a refrigerated showcase, a freezer showcase, a freezer / refrigerator unit, a freezer for a freezer / refrigerator warehouse, a turbo freezer, or a screw freezer.

3. A refrigeration system comprising the composition of claim 1 or 2 as a working fluid.

4. 4. The refrigeration device according to claim 3, which is an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a freezer, a water cooler, an ice maker, a refrigerated showcase, a freezer showcase, a freezer / refrigerator unit, a freezer for a freezer / refrigerator warehouse, a turbo freezer, or a screw freezer.

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