Organic fertilizer manufacturing method

Abstract

To provide a production method of an organic fertilizer, the method targeting various raw materials and capable of producing the organic fertilizer in a short time while preventing decaying or generation of foul odor.SOLUTION: A production method of an organic fertilizer produces a compost, the method including: preparing, as materials for an organic fertilizer, a bio liquid which is a microorganism solution for producing an organic fertilizer; a bioreactor which is a material having high microorganism activity in a fermenting state, the bioreactor being produced by using mainly, as raw materials, herbaceous grass and ligneous woodchip and the bio liquid, and, as necessary, bio woodchip which is woodchip having high microorganism activity obtained by spraying the bio liquid to woodchip of such as wood stump; setting additive amounts of the bio liquid, the bio reactor, and the bio woodchip to organic materials according to the moisture content of the organic raw materials; holding the materials based on a mixing and deposition method selected according to the moisture content; and then stirring the materials and adding the bio liquid.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing organic fertilizer by producing compost from organic waste as a raw material. [Background technology]

[0002] Compost has traditionally been produced by the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing compost by piling it up outdoors. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0003] [Non-Patent Document 1] Kenji Fujita, Composting Technology - Technology for Effective Utilization of Waste (Gihodo Publishing, 1993), pp. 21-23 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] A variety of organic materials are used as raw materials for compost, including grass clippings, wood chips, livestock manure, and food waste. Each has its own characteristics, such as being able to compost in a short time but producing a foul odor, not producing a foul odor but taking as long as a year or more to compost, being high or low in moisture, or rotting and producing a foul odor.

[0005] The optimum environment for microbial activation is said to be 55-65% moisture after mixing organic raw materials with composting materials, but conventional composting methods have not been able to quickly and sustainably activate microorganisms with a variety of organic raw materials. Furthermore, large amounts of odorous compounds are released in the early stages of fermentation, so suppressing this odor and preventing decay have been issues.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an organic fertilizer that can be used with various raw materials and can produce an organic fertilizer in a short time while preventing decay and the generation of a foul odor. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a microbial solution for producing organic fertilizer as an organic fertilizer material. Microbial water prepared by adding selected bacterial groups to water The raw materials are mainly herbaceous grasses and woody wood chips. Microbe-added water The bioreactor is a material with high microbial activity during the fermentation stage, and wood chips are used as needed. Microbe-added water We prepared bio-wood chips, which are wood chips with high microbial activity, and then we tested the moisture content of the organic raw materials. Microbe-added water Set up the bioreactor and the amount of bio-wood chips added, and maintain it based on the mixing and deposition method selected according to the moisture content, then stir and Microbe-added water A method for producing an organic fertilizer, characterized in that compost is produced by adding The microorganism-added water contains at least Bacillus pumilus, Pichia membranifaciens, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Pseudomonas fibrolysis, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium as bacterial groups, and the organic fertilizer material is added so that the moisture content is 55 to 65% by weight when calculated based on the total amount of the organic fertilizer material mixed with the organic raw material, and the method for mixing and piling the organic fertilizer material with the organic raw material is selected from the following methods (1) to (4) depending on the moisture content and odor state of the organic raw material. (1) In the case of raw materials that emit or are prone to emit foul odors, such as food waste, livestock manure, and decay, the organic raw materials are covered and piled up using a bioreactor and bio-wood chips. (2) In the case of organic raw materials with a moisture content of less than 45% by weight, a predetermined amount of bioreactor is mixed with the organic raw material together with water, and the bioreactor is placed inside the organic raw material after mixing the bioreactor and water, and the outside is covered with the bioreactor. (3) In the case of organic raw materials with a moisture content of 45% by weight or more but less than 65% by weight, a predetermined amount of bioreactor is mixed with the organic raw materials, and the bioreactor is placed inside the mixed organic raw materials, and the outside is covered and stacked with the bioreactor. (4) In the case of organic raw materials with a moisture content of 65% or more by weight, biowood chips, organic raw materials, and bioreactors are repeatedly deposited in layers in that order, and the entire deposit, to which microbially added water has been sprayed before depositing the bioreactor onto the organic raw materials, is then covered with biowood chips. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] By selecting one of the mixing and stacking methods (1) to (4) above depending on the moisture content and odor state of the organic raw materials at the beginning of production, the moisture content can be maintained appropriately and conditions suitable for fermentation can be created, allowing compost to be produced in a short period of time. Furthermore, because the organic raw materials are covered with a bioreactor and bio-wood chips, the odor that is generated in large quantities at the beginning of fermentation can be prevented from being released to the outside. This provides a method for producing organic fertilizer that can be used with a variety of raw materials and can produce organic fertilizer in a short period of time while preventing decay and the generation of unpleasant odors. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for piling organic raw materials and fertilizer manufacturing materials when producing organic fertilizer using raw materials that emit (or are prone to emit) foul odors such as food waste, livestock manure, and decay. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for piling organic raw materials and fertilizer manufacturing materials when producing organic fertilizer using significantly dried organic raw materials. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for piling organic raw materials and materials for fertilizer production when producing organic fertilizer using organic raw materials with an appropriate moisture content. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for piling organic raw materials and fertilizer manufacturing materials when producing organic fertilizer using organic raw materials with an extremely high moisture content. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0014] In the method for producing an organic fertilizer of the present invention, a biosolution, a bioreactor, and, if necessary, biowood chips are used as organic fertilizer materials, and these are adjusted and prepared according to the organic waste to be treated, such as grass clippings, branches and leaves, felled trees, livestock manure, food waste, and sludge.

[0015] A biosolution is a microbial solution for producing organic fertilizer, made by cultivating at least eight types of bacteria (described below) individually and adding them to water in different ratios depending on the raw material.

[0016] The bacterial groups contained in the biosolution include Bacillus pumilus, Pichia membran i faciens are mentioned.

[0017] Bacillus pumilus is a high-temperature deodorizing bacterium that produces plant hormones, such as cytokinins, and has the ability to decompose fat. ifaciens is a yeast, deodorizing, and vitamin-forming fungus that masks aromatic compounds and solubilizes insoluble nutrients such as phosphorus, iron, and magnesium.

[0018] These bacteria can suppress odors and efficiently decompose and compost organic materials.

[0019] The bacterial groups contained in the biosolution include Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Pseudomonas fibrolysis, and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris.

[0020] Bacillus coagulans efficiently decomposes fibrous materials such as recalcitrant lignin, cellulose, and pectin. Bacillus stearothermophilus is a thermophilic bacterium that decomposes fibrous materials such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Pseudomonas fibrolysis is a bacterium that decomposes fibrous materials such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, glucan, and mannan. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris is a thermophilic bacterium that decomposes many recalcitrant fibrous materials, including lignin.

[0021] By adding these fungi, it is possible to decompose and compost woody organic matter, which has been difficult to compost in the past, in a short period of time.

[0022] The bacterial groups contained in the biosolution include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megateriu m Examples include:

[0023] Bacillus subtilis is a bacterium that maintains the water retention capacity of soil by using extracellular exudates. m is It is a bacterium that has the function of producing amino acids and vitamins.

[0024] By adding these bacteria, the growth of microorganisms in the early stages of fermentation is stimulated, accelerating the fermentation and decomposition of organic materials. Furthermore, the soil improvement ability of the finished product is improved, and the amount of useful components is increased.

[0025] The bioreactor is a material with high microbial activity in the fermentation stage, produced using a biosolution made primarily from herbaceous grasses and woody wood chips, and supplies bacteria to assist fermentation.

[0026] If a bioreactor is made from grass alone, the growth of fermentation-promoting bacteria will be poor because the grass itself is hydrophobic when the grass is dry, and because bacteria that inhibit composting will grow when the grass is too wet. Furthermore, if the bioreactor is made from wood chips alone, the low nitrogen content will result in low activity, so they are mixed together before use. Bioreactors that have been mixed for 1-2 months and have reached a temperature of approximately 65°C are suitable for use.

[0027] Bio-wood chips are wood chips made by spraying a bio solution onto roots and other wood chips to create highly microbially active wood chips. Bio-wood chips are primarily used when the organic raw material has a high moisture content.

[0028] The method for producing organic fertilizer will be explained. Organic fertilizer materials and water are added to the organic raw material moisture in the mixing ratios shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the raw material moisture is expressed in weight percent (the stated value ±5) by weight percent. For example, a raw material moisture of "10%" means that the raw material moisture content is 5% by weight or more and less than 15% by weight. The amounts of bioreactor and biowood chips added as external additives are expressed in volume percent when the organic raw material is taken as 100, and the amount of water added as external additives is expressed in weight percent when the organic raw material is taken as 100.

[0029] [Table 1]

[0030] The method of mixing and piling organic raw materials and organic fertilizer materials is selected based primarily on the moisture content of the organic raw materials, taking into consideration the odor state. A low moisture content slows the growth rate of microorganisms, while a high moisture content makes it difficult to aerate the organic raw materials, slowing the growth rate of aerobic microorganisms. Therefore, organic fertilizer materials are added so that the moisture content, calculated as if the entire amount of organic fertilizer materials were mixed with the organic raw materials, is 55 to 65% by weight. In this embodiment, the amount of organic fertilizer materials to be mixed is calculated assuming the moisture content of the bioreactor is 65% by weight and the moisture content of the biowood chips is 40% by weight.

[0031] (1) In the case of raw materials that emit (or are prone to emit) foul odors, such as food waste, animal manure, or decay. As shown in Figure 1, organic raw materials are coated and deposited using a bioreactor and bio-wood chips.

[0032] The organic raw materials are covered with a bioreactor, which helps prevent odors from being released when piled up outdoors. Furthermore, the bioreactor and bio-wood chips help maintain high microbial activity, allowing for compost to be produced in a short period of time.

[0033] (2) In the case of extremely dry (moisture content less than 45% by weight) organic materials (grass, wood chips, etc.) As shown in Figure 2, a predetermined amount of bioreactor, for example half of the amount, is mixed with water and the organic raw material, and the bioreactor is placed inside the organic raw material after mixing the bioreactor and water, and the outside is covered and stacked with the bioreactor.

[0034] This allows the heat generated by fermentation to generate steam from the bioreactor placed inside the pile, which can moderately increase the moisture content of the organic raw materials. This allows the organic raw materials to have a moisture content suitable for fermentation, making it possible to produce compost in a short period of time. In addition, because the organic raw materials are covered by the bioreactor, the release of odors can be suppressed.

[0035] (3) In the case of organic raw materials with an appropriate moisture content (moisture content of 45% by weight or more and less than 65% by weight) As shown in FIG. 3, a predetermined amount of bioreactor is mixed with the organic raw material, and the bioreactor is placed inside the mixed organic raw material, and the outside is covered and stacked with the bioreactor.

[0036] Since the moisture content of the organic raw materials is appropriate, the bioreactor placed inside can maintain a high level of microbial activity, allowing compost to be produced in a short period of time.

[0037] (4) In the case of organic raw materials with extremely high moisture content (moisture content of 65% or more by weight) As shown in Figure 4, bio-wood chips, organic raw material, and bioreactor are repeatedly stacked in layers from the bottom up, and the entire structure is covered with bio-wood chips. The top layer of the stacked layers is not made of organic raw material. Before the bioreactor is stacked on the organic raw material, a bio-solution is sprayed. In other words, a bio-solution is sprayed between each layer.

[0038] If the organic material has a high moisture content, it is prone to decay and can easily emit an odor when turned over. Therefore, to improve drainage, chips with low moisture content are placed underneath, and the organic material is then placed on top of them. Then, to maintain the activity of the microorganisms, a bio-solution is sprayed and a bioreactor is placed on top of the organic material. This process is repeated to form a sediment.

[0039] The reason for covering the entire pile with biowood chips is that biowood chips are dry and moisture can easily escape from the surface. If the surface can be made sufficiently moisture-free, the pile can be covered and piled up in a bioreactor.

[0040] By selecting one of the above mixing and stacking methods (1) to (4) depending on the moisture content and odor level of the organic raw materials in the early stages of production, it is possible to maintain the appropriate moisture content and create conditions suitable for fermentation, allowing compost to be produced in a short period of time.In addition, because the organic raw materials are covered with a bioreactor and bio-wood chips, it is possible to prevent the large amount of odor that is generated in the early stages of fermentation from being released to the outside.

[0041] In either case, the compost is turned over while adding the bio-solution at an appropriate time after pile-up. If the odor is strong at this point, it can be covered again with a bioreactor or bio-wood chips. Repeat this process until the temperature settles, for example, below 60°C, and the compost is ready.

[0042] If the carbon / nitrogen ratio (hereinafter referred to as the C / N ratio) of the organic raw material is high, the produced organic fertilizer will have insufficient nitrogen, resulting in a reduction in the amount of nitrogen available for crops. Therefore, depending on the C / N ratio of the organic raw material, organic fertilizer materials can be added in the mixing ratios shown in Table 2 so that the C / N ratio falls within a range suitable for compost production, such as 30 to 40. This allows for the production of compost with good fertilizer performance in a short period of time. Biowood chips are suitable for use when the C / N ratio of the organic raw material is low.

[0043] Microorganisms require nitrogen and carbon to produce proteins (amino acids), which are cellular substances. If the C / N ratio of the organic raw material that serves as a nutrient source for microorganisms is low, i.e., if the nitrogen content is high, the excess nitrogen that is not used by the microorganisms during fermentation will accumulate as ammonia. This ammonia will shift the pH to the alkaline side, generating ammonia gas. Therefore, by increasing the C / N ratio to a certain extent, the generation of ammonia gas during fermentation can be suppressed, and odors can be reduced.

[0044] [Table 2]

[0045] [Effects of the embodiment] According to the method for producing an organic fertilizer of the present invention, by selecting one of the mixing and piling methods (1) to (4) above depending on the moisture content and odor state of the organic raw materials at the beginning of production, the moisture content can be appropriately maintained and conditions suitable for fermentation can be created, thereby producing compost in a short period of time. Furthermore, since the organic raw materials are covered with a bioreactor and biowood chips, the odor that is generated in large quantities at the beginning of fermentation can be prevented from being released to the outside. This makes it possible to provide a method for producing an organic fertilizer that can be used with a variety of raw materials and that can produce organic fertilizer in a short period of time while preventing decay and the generation of unpleasant odors.

Claims

[Claim 1] As an organic fertilizer material, Microbial solution for producing organic fertilizer, which is microbial-added water prepared by adding selected bacterial groups to water; A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of: preparing a bioreactor, which is a material in the fermentation stage with high microbial activity, produced using mainly herbaceous grasses and woody wood chips as raw materials, and the microorganism-added water; and, if necessary, preparing bio-wood chips, which are wood chips with high microbial activity, by spraying the microorganism-added water on the wood chips; determining the amounts of the microorganism-added water, bioreactor, and bio-wood chips to be added to the organic raw materials according to the moisture content of the organic raw materials; maintaining the organic raw materials according to a mixing and deposition method selected according to the moisture content; and then stirring and adding the microorganism-added water to produce compost; The microorganism-added water contains at least Bacillus pumilus, Pichia membranifaciens, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Pseudomonas fibrolysis, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium as bacterial groups, The organic fertilizer material is added so that the moisture content is 55 to 65% by weight, calculated as if the entire amount of the organic fertilizer material was mixed with the organic raw material; A method for producing organic fertilizer, characterized in that the method for mixing and piling organic fertilizer materials with organic raw materials is selected from the following methods (1) to (4) depending on the moisture content and odor state of the organic raw materials. (1) In the case of raw materials that emit or are prone to emit foul odors, such as food waste, livestock manure, and decay, the organic raw materials are covered and piled up using a bioreactor and biowood chips. (2) In the case of organic raw materials with a moisture content of less than 45% by weight, a predetermined amount of bioreactor is mixed with the organic raw material together with water, and the bioreactor is placed inside the organic raw material after mixing the bioreactor and water, and the outside is covered and stacked with the bioreactor. (3) In the case of an organic raw material having a moisture content of 45% by weight or more but less than 65% by weight, a predetermined amount of bioreactor is mixed with the organic raw material, and the bioreactor is placed inside the mixed organic raw material, and the outside is covered and stacked with the bioreactor. (4) In the case of organic raw materials with a moisture content of 65% or more by weight, biowood chips, organic raw materials, and bioreactors are repeatedly deposited in layers in that order, and the entire deposit, to which microbially added water has been sprayed before depositing the bioreactor onto the organic raw materials, is covered with biowood chips.

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