Combined heat / power generation system

Abstract

To provide a system having simple structure and converting rotation energy into thermal energy and electric energy.SOLUTION: A heat generation / power generation combined system comprises: a fluid type heat generator 3 which has an annular pump 7 connected to a power source 5 and rotates, an annular turbine 8 arranged opposite the pump 7, and an annular stator 9 arranged between the pump 7 and turbine 8, and causes working fluid 10 to circulate among the pump 7, turbine 8 and stator 9 by the rotation of the pump 7, thereby generating heat; a power generator 4 which has a rotor 4a connected to the turbine 8 of the fluid type heat generator 3, and is connected to the fluid type heat generator 3 in series; and a case 2 which houses the fluid type heat generator 3 and power generator 4 in such a manner that the case 2 holds inside, a stator 4b of the power generator 4 surrounding the rotor 4, wherein the combined system further comprises a brake mechanism 19 optionally allows or disallows the turbine 8 and rotor 4a, and the case 2 to rotate relatively.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fluid-type heater having an annular pump that is connected to a power source and rotates, an annular turbine that is disposed opposite the pump, and an annular stator that is detachably fixed to the turbine and disposed between the pump and the turbine, and which generates heat by circulating a working fluid between the pump, the turbine, and the stator as the pump rotates; and a rotor that is connected to the turbine of the fluid-type heater, The latter part of The present invention relates to a combined heat generation / power generation system including a generator connected in series to the heat generation system. [Background technology]

[0002] A combined heat / power generation system is known, as described in Patent Document 1, that switches between a power generation mode in which the rotational energy of a wind turbine, which is a power source, is converted into electrical energy, and a heat generation mode in which the rotational energy of the wind turbine is converted into thermal energy, stored in a heat accumulator, and then converted into electrical energy by thermal power generation, depending on the power supply and wind conditions. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-46984 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The system described in Patent Document 1 mentioned above has an induction rotating machine connected to the rotating shaft of a wind turbine, and when power demand is at its peak and the wind turbine is rotating due to the wind, the induction rotating machine operates as a normal generator, while when power demand is off-peak and the wind turbine is rotating due to the wind, a power conversion device connected to the induction rotating machine applies a load torque to the induction rotating machine that hinders rotation, causing the induction rotating machine to operate as a heat generator, and the generated heat is stored in a heat accumulator through a heat medium circulation mechanism, and when the wind turbine is not rotating even during peak power demand, the heat stored in the heat accumulator is used to generate electricity in a thermal generator.

[0005] However, this system requires the use of an induction motor, a power converter, and a thermal generator, which results in a complex, large-scale structure and high costs. In addition, when the induction motor is used as a heat generator, a current must be continuously supplied to the induction motor to prevent it from rotating, resulting in a lot of wasted power.

[0006] The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and aims to provide a combined heat and power generation system that can generate heat and power with a compact structure, making the entire device lightweight and inexpensive, and that can operate at high efficiency at all times, particularly when the power source is a wind turbine. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fluid-type heater having an annular pump that is connected to a power source and rotates, an annular turbine that is disposed opposite the pump, and an annular stator that is disposed between the pump and the turbine, and which generates heat by circulating a working fluid between the pump, the turbine, and the stator as the pump rotates; and a rotor that is connected to the turbine of the fluid-type heater, The latter part of A generator connected in series to the rotor and a stator of the generator surrounding the rotor are arranged inside the Relative movement is impossible Try to keep 、a case for accommodating the fluid-type heater and the generator; and a heat generation / power generation system, wherein the turbine and the rotor can be switched between a state where they can rotate relative to the case and a state where they cannot rotate relative to the case. The system can be switched between a heat generation / power generation mode, which generates both heat and electricity, and a heat generation mode, which generates heat only from the working fluid. The first feature is that it has a brake mechanism that can

[0008] In addition to the first feature, the present invention has a second feature in that the fluid heater has a clutch that can mechanically connect or disconnect the pump and the turbine.

[0009] Furthermore, in addition to the first or second feature, the present invention has a third feature in that the stator of the fluid-type heater is fixed to the turbine or the case in a detachable or replaceable manner. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluid-type heat generating device having an annular pump connected to a power source, an annular turbine disposed opposite the pump, and an annular stator disposed between the pump and the turbine. At the end of a rotor connected to the turbine of the fluid-type heater; The machine The fluid heater and the generator are connected in series, and the stator of the generator surrounding the rotor is placed inside. Relative movement is impossible Since it is housed in a holding case, the mechanism that converts the rotational power of the power source into thermal energy or electrical energy can be compactly assembled.

[0011] Furthermore, the brake mechanism can be used to freely switch the turbine, rotor, and case between a state in which they can rotate relative to one another and a state in which they cannot rotate relative to one another.This makes it easy to switch between a heat generation mode in which the brake mechanism is activated to fix the turbine and rotor to the case and rotate only the pump of the fluid heater, causing the working fluid circulating between the pump, turbine, and stator to generate heat, and a heat generation / power generation mode in which the brake mechanism is released to rotate the pump, turbine, and rotor together, using both heat generation by the working fluid circulating through the fluid heater and power generation by the generator due to the rotation of the rotor.

[0012] Furthermore, when a heater is connected to a wind turbine, the efficiency of the wind turbine can be maximized by adjusting the heater's pump capacity so as to obtain a tip speed ratio (the ratio of the wind turbine blade tip speed to the wind speed) that maximizes the power coefficient of the wind turbine. However, because the fluid heater of the present invention has a fluid coupling structure in which the input torque is proportional to the square of the rotational speed, the output torque of the wind turbine connected to the heater's power transmission shaft can be made to always be proportional to the square of the rotational speed of the wind turbine. Therefore, once the pump capacity of the fluid heater is adjusted to obtain a tip speed ratio that maximizes the power coefficient of the wind turbine, it is possible to obtain a tip speed ratio that always maximizes the power coefficient even if the wind speed changes, and so the wind turbine can always be operated at maximum efficiency without any special control of the wind turbine.

[0013] According to a second feature of the present invention, in addition to the brake mechanism, the fluid heater has a clutch that can mechanically connect or disconnect the pump and turbine. When the fluid heater of the present invention is not being used as a heater, the pump and turbine are mechanically connected by operating the clutch with the brake mechanism released, and the rotational power of the power source can be transmitted directly from the turbine connected to the pump to the rotor of the generator. In this case, the fluid heater can function as a torque converter with a lock-up mechanism, so that the torque required to start rotation can be kept low at the beginning of rotation of the power source, while eliminating power transmission loss between the pump and turbine when the power source is in a steady state of rotation.

[0014] Furthermore, according to a third feature of the present invention, the stator of the fluid-type heat generator is fixed to the turbine or case in a detachable or replaceable manner, so that the pump capacity of the fluid-type heat generator can be changed to suit the characteristics of various wind turbines simply by changing the stator. This makes it possible to easily configure a combined heat generation / power generation system that is compatible with a wide variety of wind turbines, each with a different peripheral speed ratio that maximizes the power coefficient, without changing the blade shapes of the pump and turbine. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which the heat generation / power generation combined system of the first embodiment is applied to a vertical axis wind turbine. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which the heat generation / power generation combined system of the second embodiment is applied to a vertical axis wind turbine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] First and second embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1 , the combined heat generation / power generation system 1 of the first embodiment includes a fluidic heater 3 and a generator 4, each of which is disposed within a case 2. The fluidic heater 3 includes an annular pump 7 connected to a vertical-axis wind turbine 5, which serves as a power source, via a power transmission shaft 6, an annular turbine 8 disposed opposite the pump 7, and an annular stator 9 disposed between the pump 7 and the turbine 8. An upper half of the turbine 8 and a lower half extending downward from the outer periphery of the turbine 8 to cover the entire pump 7 form a sealed space. As the pump 7 receives rotational power from the wind turbine 5, rotation of the pump 7 circulates oil 10, serving as a working fluid filled within the fluidic heater 3, through a spiral passage 3a between the pump 7, the turbine 8, and the stator 9, thereby generating heat. Note that other fluids, such as water, may also be used as the working fluid.

[0018] The power transmission shaft 6 extends downward from the wind turbine 5 in the direction of gravity, is inserted into the case 2 through a through hole 2a in the top surface of the case 2, passes through the central axis 8a of the turbine 8 and the central axis 9a of the stator 9 of the fluid-type heater 3, and is connected to the pump 7 of the fluid-type heater 3 placed on the top surface of the generator 4 within the case 2.

[0019] The central shaft 8a of the turbine 8 surrounds the central shaft 9a of the stator 9 so as to form a hub of the turbine 8 and is rotatable relative to the central shaft 9a, and one end 9a1 of the central shaft 9a of the stator 9 is detachably fixed to the periphery of the through hole 2a of the case 2 with bolts 2a1 or the like. The other end 9a2 of the central shaft 9a of the stator 9 is connected to a hub 9c of the stator 9 via a one-way clutch 9b, and the power transmission shaft 6 is held inside the central shaft 9a of the stator 9 so as to be rotatable relative to the central shaft 9a.

[0020] The one-way clutch 9b, like the one-way clutch of the stator hub of a normal torque converter, fixes the stator 9 to the case 2 so that it cannot rotate up to a specific speed range of the wind turbine 5, and allows the stator 9 to spin freely once the specific speed range is reached, thereby amplifying the torque at the beginning of the rotation of the wind turbine 5 and keeping the torque required at the start of rotation small, but if such a one-way clutch 9b is not required, it can be omitted. Also, in the first embodiment, the stator 9 is attached to the case 2, but it is also possible to detachably attach it to the central shaft 8a, which is the hub of the turbine 8, without using a one-way clutch.

[0021] A circulation pipe 12 is connected to the inside of the fluid-type heater 3, which circulates oil 10 inside the fluid-type heater 3 between the oil 10 and an external heat storage unit 11, and a circulation pump 13 is interposed midway along the circulation pipe 12. The heat storage unit 11 is used to store heat generated inside the fluid-type heater 3, and releases the stored heat wherever it is needed.

[0022] The generator 4 has a rotor 4a connected to the turbine 8 of the fluid heater 3 and a stator 4b surrounding the rotor 4a. , which is connected in series to the rear stage of the fluid type heater 3. and the rotor 4a Center axis of is disposed on the same axis as the power transmission shaft 6, and the stator 4b is fixed inside the case 2 by a fixing means 2b that coaxially surrounds the rotor 4a. Relative movement is impossible A wiring 14 for sending generated power to the outside is connected to the stator 4b of the generator 4, and a wiring 16 for connecting the power to a power storage unit 15 as needed branches off from the wiring 14. The case 2, the power storage unit 15, and the heat storage unit 11 are fixedly disposed on a floor 17, roof, or ground of a building.

[0023] To connect the generator 4 to the turbine 8, a disk 18 coaxial with the rotor 4a is fixed to the upper surface of the rotor 4a of the generator 4, and a fixing portion 3c that is fixed to the disk 18 is formed on the lower surface of the lower half of the fluid heater 3. A brake mechanism 19 is arranged around the disk 18 and is fixed to the case 2 and includes brake pads 19a that sandwich the peripheral surface of the disk 18 from above and below.

[0024] The brake mechanism 19 can arbitrarily switch the turbine 8 and the rotor 4a relative to the case 2 between a state in which they can rotate relative to each other and a state in which they cannot rotate relative to each other. By activating the brake mechanism 19 and clamping the circumferential surface of the disk 18 from above and below with brake pads 19a, the turbine 8 and the rotor 4a can be fixed to the case 2, and by deactivating the brake mechanism 19 and moving the circumferential surface of the disk 18 away from the brake pads 19a, the fixation of the turbine 8 and the rotor 4a to the case 2 can be released.

[0025] As a result, by operating the brake mechanism 19 and fixing the turbine 8 and rotor 4a to the case 2, it is possible to rotate only the pump 7 of the fluid heater 3, thereby obtaining a heat generation mode in which the oil 10 circulating between the pump 7, the turbine 8, and the stator 9 is effectively heated. Furthermore, by releasing the brake mechanism 19 and rotating the pump 7, the turbine 8, and the rotor 4a together, it is possible to obtain a heat generation / power generation mode in which heat is generated by the oil 10 circulating through the fluid heater 3 and power is generated by the generator 4 due to the rotation of the rotor 4a, and these two modes can be easily switched by simply operating the brake mechanism 19.

[0026] Next, the operation of the first embodiment of the present invention having the above configuration will be described.

[0027] In this embodiment, the fluid heater 3 includes an annular pump 7 connected to a wind turbine 5 as a power source by a power transmission shaft 6, an annular turbine 8 arranged opposite the pump 7, and an annular stator 9 arranged between the pump 7 and the turbine 8. At the end of a generator having a rotor 4 a connected to a turbine 8 of the fluid-type heater 3 4 is The fluid heater 3 and the generator 4 are connected in series, and the stator 4b of the generator 4 surrounds the rotor 4a. Relative movement is impossible Since it is housed in the case 2 that holds it, the mechanism that converts the rotational power of the wind turbine 5, which is the power source, into thermal energy or electrical energy can be put together compactly.

[0028] Furthermore, the brake mechanism 19 can be used to freely switch between a state in which the turbine 8 and rotor 4a can rotate relative to the case 2 and a state in which they cannot rotate relative to each other. This makes it possible to easily switch between a heat generation mode in which the brake mechanism 19 is activated to fix the turbine 8 and rotor 4a to the case 2 and rotate only the pump 7 of the fluid heater 3, thereby generating heat from the oil 10 circulating between the pump 7 and the turbine 8 and stator 9, and a heat generation / power generation mode in which the brake mechanism 19 is released to rotate the pump 7, turbine 8, and rotor 4a together, and the heat generation by the oil 10 circulating through the fluid heater 3 and the power generation by the generator 4 due to the rotation of the rotor 4a.

[0029] When wind energy is converted into mechanical power by the wind turbine 5, as in this embodiment, it is desirable to maximize the power coefficient Cp, which is the conversion efficiency. The power coefficient Cp of the wind turbine 5 changes parabolically in response to the tip speed ratio λ, which is the ratio (Vr / V) of the wind turbine blade tip speed Vr to the wind speed V, and so there is a tip speed ratio λ at which the power coefficient Cp is maximized somewhere along the way. However, with conventional wind turbines, when the wind speed V changes, the wind turbine rotation speed N changes, which in turn changes the tip speed ratio λ. Therefore, even if the tip speed ratio λ at which the power coefficient Cp is maximized at a specific wind speed V is obtained, it is not possible to obtain the tip speed ratio λ at which the power coefficient Cp is maximized when the wind speed V changes.

[0030] However, in this embodiment, the rotational energy of the wind turbine 5 is converted into thermal energy by the fluid heater 3 that uses a fluid coupling, so even if the wind speed V changes, it is possible to obtain a tip speed ratio λ that always maximizes the power coefficient Cp, and the wind turbine can always be operated at maximum efficiency without any special control of the wind turbine. The reason for this is explained below.

[0031] The output power E of a wind turbine is given by the following equation, where Cp is the power coefficient, ρ is the air density, A is the pressure-receiving area of ​​the blade, and V is the wind speed: E=Cp×(1 / 2)×ρ×A×V 3 ·····(1) It can be expressed as: Here, if d is the diameter of the rotor, λ is the tip speed ratio, Vr is the tip speed of the wind turbine blade, and N is the rotation speed of the wind turbine, then V=Vr / λ Vr=πdN / 60 Therefore, V=πdN / 60λ Therefore, equation (1) becomes: E=Cp×(1 / 2)×ρ×A×(πdN / 60λ) 3 ······(2) Furthermore, if the output torque of the wind turbine is T, the output torque T is T=60E / 2πN (3) Therefore, from equations (2) and (3), the relationship between T and N can be expressed as follows: T=60×(Cp×(1 / 2)×ρ×A×(πdN / 60λ) 3 / 2πN ={(Cp×ρ×A×π 2 d 3 ) / (4×60 2 ×λ 3 )}×N 2 ·····(4) It can be expressed as:

[0032] Equation (4) is (Cp×ρ×A×π 2 d 3 ) / (4×60 2 ×λ 3 ) is constant, the output torque T of the wind turbine 5 is proportional to the square of the rotation speed N of the wind turbine 5. However, conversely, if the output torque T of the wind turbine 5 is made proportional to the square of the rotation speed N of the wind turbine, then (Cp×ρ×A×π 2 d 3 ) / (4×60 2 ×λ 3 ) becomes a proportional constant and is fixed at a constant value, that is, T ∝ N 2 If this is the case, it also shows that the power coefficient Cp and tip speed ratio λ, which change correspondingly, can always be fixed to constant values ​​regardless of the wind speed V.

[0033] However, as is well known, the input torque of a fluid coupling is proportional to the square of the rotation speed N, and so if a fluid coupling is connected to the wind turbine 5 as a member that receives the output of the wind turbine 5, the output torque T of the wind turbine 5 can be made to always be proportional to the square of the rotation speed N of the wind turbine 5. The fluid heater 3 of this embodiment has a fluid coupling structure in which the input torque T is proportional to the square of the rotation speed N, so the output torque of the wind turbine 5 connected to the power transmission shaft 6 of the fluid heater 3 can be made to always be proportional to the square of the rotation speed N of the wind turbine 5. Therefore, once the pump capacity of the fluid heater 3 is adjusted to obtain a tip speed ratio that maximizes the power coefficient of the wind turbine, a tip speed ratio can be obtained that constantly maximizes the power coefficient even if the wind speed changes, and so the wind turbine can be always operated at maximum efficiency without any special control of the wind turbine.

[0034] Next, a heat generation / power generation combined system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0035] The combined heat generation / power generation system of the second embodiment of the present invention differs from the combined heat generation / power generation system of the first embodiment in that the fluid heater 3 has a clutch 20 that can mechanically connect or disconnect the pump 7 and the turbine 8.

[0036] This clutch 20 is disposed between the pump 7 in the fluid heater 3 and the bottom wall of the lower half 3b of the fluid heater 3 connected to the turbine 8, and has a structure similar to that of a lock-up clutch in a normal torque converter. That is, this clutch 20 is attached to the pump 7 so as to be non-rotatable relative to the pump 7 and movable in the axial direction, and in the normally open state it is separated from the bottom wall of the lower half 3b of the fluid heater 3, but by applying hydraulic pressure or the like between the pump 7 and the clutch 20, it moves toward the bottom wall, entering a connected state in which the pump 7 and the turbine 8 connected to the fluid heater 3 are mechanically connected.

[0037] The combined heat generation / power generation system of the second embodiment has the configuration described above, and therefore, when the fluid heater 3 of the second embodiment is used as a heat generator, by disengaging the clutch 20, it is possible to obtain the same modes as the combined heat generation / power generation system of the first embodiment, namely, a heat generation mode in which the brake mechanism 19 is activated to rotate only the pump 7 and effectively generate heat in the oil 10 circulating between the pump 7 and the turbine 8 and the stator 9, and a heat generation / power generation mode in which the brake mechanism 19 is deactivated to combine heat generation by the circulation of the oil 10 with power generation by the generator 4 due to the rotation of the rotor 4a.Furthermore, when the fluid heater 3 of the second embodiment is not used as a heat generator, by operating the clutch 20 with the brake mechanism 19 released, the pump 7 and the turbine 8 are mechanically connected and the rotational power of the wind turbine 5 can be transmitted directly from the turbine 8 connected to the pump 7 to the rotor 4a of the generator 4.

[0038] In this way, in the combined heat generation / power generation system of the second embodiment, when the fluid heater 3 is not being used as a heat generator, the fluid heater 3 can function as a torque converter with a lock-up mechanism. Therefore, by using the fluid heater 3 in combination with the one-way clutch 9b, the torque required to start rotation of the wind turbine 5 can be kept low at the beginning of rotation, while eliminating power transmission loss between the pump 7 and the turbine 8 when the wind turbine 5 is in a steady state of rotation.

[0039] Furthermore, in both the heat generation / power generation systems of the first and second embodiments, the stator 9 of the fluid heater 3 is fixed to the case 2, so that even if a difference in rotation occurs between the pump 7 and the turbine 8 when power is transmitted to the generator 4, the characteristics of the fluid heater 3 can be kept constant. In addition, because the stator 9 is detachable or replaceable from the case 2, the pump capacity of the fluid heater 3 can be changed to suit the characteristics of various wind turbines simply by changing the stator. This makes it possible to easily configure a heat generation / power generation system that is compatible with a wide variety of wind turbines, each with a different peripheral speed ratio that maximizes the power coefficient, without changing the blade shapes of the pump and turbine.

[0040] Furthermore, if the one-way clutch 9b is not required, the stator 9 can be easily changed to one that does not use the one-way clutch 9b, so the characteristics of the fluid-type heater 3 can be easily changed according to the characteristics of the power source.

[0041] As mentioned above, in the combined heat generation / power generation systems of the first and second embodiments, the stator 9 of the fluid heater 3 can also be fixed to the turbine 8 in a detachable or replaceable manner without using the one-way clutch 9b. In this case, the fluid heater 3 cannot function as a normal torque converter, but just as in the case where the stator 9 is fixed to the case 2, the pump capacity of the fluid heater 3 can be changed to suit the characteristics of various wind turbines 5 simply by changing the stator, and since the pump capacity of the fluid heater 3 can be changed simply by changing the phase (relative mounting angle) of the stator with respect to the turbine 8, the pump capacity can be easily changed just by changing the phase.

[0042] Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, various design modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the direction in which the power transmission shaft 8 extends may be horizontal, and the power source is not limited to the wind turbine 9. [Explanation of symbols]

[0043] 2. Case 3. Fluid-type heater 4. Generator 4a Rotor 4b Stator 5. Windmills as a power source 7. Pump 8. Turbine 9. Stator 10. Oil as a working fluid 19. Brake mechanism 20. Clutch

Claims

1. a fluid heater having an annular pump that is connected to a power source and rotates, an annular turbine that is disposed opposite the pump, and an annular stator that is disposed between the pump and the turbine, and which generates heat by circulating a working fluid between the pump, the turbine, and the stator as the pump rotates; a generator having a rotor connected to the turbine of the fluid-type heater and connected in series to a downstream side of the fluid-type heater; a case that houses the fluid-type heater and the generator, with a stator of the generator surrounding the rotor held therein so as to be immovable relative to the rotor, A combined heat generation / power generation system characterized by having a brake mechanism that can arbitrarily switch between allowing or preventing relative rotation between the turbine and rotor and the case, thereby switching between a heat generation / power generation mode that combines heat generation and power generation, and a heat generation mode that uses only heat generated by the working fluid.

2. 2. The combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the fluid-type heat generator has a clutch that can mechanically connect or disconnect the pump and the turbine.

3. 3. The combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the stator of the fluid-type heat generator is fixed to the turbine or the case in a detachable or replaceable manner.

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