Carrying signals through imperfect electromagnetic paths

Abstract

To provide a system that repeatedly communicates video samples, which are color values from an input payload signal, over an electromagnetic propagation path.SOLUTION: An architecture applied to a video system includes a predetermined number C of cameras 516, another predetermined number D of displays 518, and a media processing unit (MPU) 548. The MPU includes a video processor 536, a nonvolatile storage device 560 which the video processor uses to exchange storage signals 562, and a wide area network interface 544 which the video processor uses to communicate with the Internet 576 via Internet protocol signals 546. The cameras each include a lens 520, and refract incident light 528 to project focused light onto the focal plane of an image sensor 522.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 19

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The title of this disclosure is "System for Carrying Sampled Signals Through Imperfect Electromagnetic Paths" "Mu".

[0002] Area: Infrastructure Local Site Transport (LST) The field of the present disclosure is a structured environment such as a room, a vehicle, an entire building, or a campus. A sample signal is transmitted between pairs of devices connected by an EM path in the environment. The infrastructure for this is Local Site Transport (LST). [Background technology]

[0003] Video System The video system includes a display, a sensor, a signal processor, and an image / video storage device. communication and control interfaces, and possibly an internet connection. The subject matter of this disclosure is a local site video system that locally interconnects video system environments. Transport (LST). Video equipment is useful for local environments. Humans are using LST, which operates within the environment, is distinguished from telecommunications, which interconnect remotely located equipment. The Internet server can be a video system located anywhere connected to the Internet. provides content and manages the interactive experiences presented to consumers through This is because video systems are not any delivery system for pixel-rich information. This is because it is an inherent aspect of

[0004] Infrastructure Video Systems vs. Mobile Video Systems There are two types of video systems: mobile and infrastructure. These two types of systems differ from each other in two ways: 1) Mobile systems Systems are monolithic, whereas infrastructure systems are made up of differently manufactured equipment. Assembled by Customer or its agent from the Mobile System; The infrastructure system draws power from the mains, while the battery draws power from the grid. They differ from each other in two ways:

[0005] Mobile video systems draw power from batteries and are typically monolithic. Each is assembled from various components by a single manufacturer. The smartphone reads from multiple cameras and drives a palm-sized screen, all It includes a video processor packaged in a single enclosure.

[0006] Infrastructure video systems are powered by commercial power and can be configured in various ways by customers. It is assembled from equipment produced by various manufacturers.

[0007] Both types of video systems create and access internet content. In any case, these two types of video systems are completely different processes. Presents academic challenges.

[0008] Mobile video systems are more portable than infrastructure video systems. are more easily integrated into people's daily lives.

[0009] Infrastructure video systems are immersive virtual reality (iVR) )) for arbitrarily long durations, potentially drawing large amounts of power while displaying The ability to surround us with sensors and other devices makes them more immersive than their mobile counterparts. Generate a highly immersive experience.

[0010] Examples of applications for mobile video systems include:

[0011] Collecting / posting social media materials

[0012] Augmented reality (AR) games such as Pokémon GO

[0013] A portable media processor, which may itself be a smartphone or another portable device. Virtual reality, where the display and / or camera are tethered to a microprocessor unit (MPU) (VR) system

[0014] Examples of applications for infrastructure video systems include:

[0015] Video surveillance

[0016] Machine Vision

[0017] Automotive safety (sometimes associated with machine vision)

[0018] ·Retail visual signage

[0019] Shopper behavior analysis (possibly linked to machine vision)

[0020] Navigation, control, and entertainment for motor vehicle drivers and passengers

[0021] Home entertainment equipment

[0022] The camera faces the camera so that the video system captures and presents pixel information from all angles. Immersive Virtual Reality ("iVR"), which monitors displays around the elephant and its subjects.

[0023] Examples of infrastructure video equipment include desktop (or tower) PCs. C, PC monitor, setup box, TV, video surveillance camera, video surveillance recorder , video surveillance monitors, automotive navigation and safety cameras, automotive electrical control devices (ECU), control and navigation displays for automotive vehicles, entertainment cameras for automotive vehicles cameras, automotive entertainment displays, retail and kiosk displays, iVR cameras, and iVR displays. Infrastructure video equipment market segment The company is large and growing rapidly.

[0024] In contrast, there is no market for mobile video equipment. Components (Internet interface, digital processor, camera, and display) The system operates in close proximity, allowing the entire system to be worn or carried. operates over a short range under well-controlled conditions, and all components are monolithic. The customer has no choice as the product is supplied as a single entity.

[0025] Infrastructure video systems, in contrast, place significant demands on video interconnects. Infrastructure video equipment can be installed anywhere within a building or campus. The video is carried by independently manufactured equipment, metal cables, radios, and / or or carried over a wide range of physical pathways, including fiber optics.

[0026] Video Local Site Transport (LST) This disclosure focuses on infrastructure business called Local Site Transport (LST). The LST addresses one aspect of the implementation of a video system. The video is transmitted from the transmitting device to the receiving device, which is located several hundred meters away from the transmitting device. Transmits the signal.

[0027] Three examples of electromagnetic (EM) paths are electricity through wires, radiation through air, and and photons through fibers. LST can be applied to a wide range of applications, including voltage, radio waves, or light. It also represents the carrier video as EM energy in a form suitable for the medium.

[0028] Signal Type For purposes of this disclosure, a signal is defined as EM energy that is variable and varies in amplitude over time. This can be conveyed.

[0029] Two attributes characterize all signals:

[0030] ·time

[0031] · Continuous: The time between values ​​is limited by the resolution with which it is possible to measure time.

[0032] The time between discrete ("sampled") values ​​is given, and its inverse is the time between the samples. This is the "sampling rate" of the signal.

[0033] ·amplitude

[0034] Continuous: The number of possible values ​​is limited by the resolution with which the energy can be measured. do.

[0035] The number of discrete ("quantizable") possible values ​​is given, and its logarithm to the base 2 is the quantized signal. The "bit count" of the code.

[0036] There are four combinations of these attributes and therefore four different types of signals.

[0037] An "analog" signal is a continuous-time, continuous-amplitude signal.

[0038] · A "digital" signal is a signal of discrete time and discrete amplitude.

[0039] A "pulsatile" signal is a discrete-time, continuous-amplitude signal. For clarity in this disclosure, assigns this unusual meaning to the term "pulse." Although this is typically done using "sampled analog" circuitry, others skilled in the art may use "sampled analog" circuitry. Sometimes, a "handhold" circuit is preferred.

[0040] A "neural" signal is a continuous-time, discrete-amplitude signal. This does not necessarily mean that it is "neural." Although not in the usual sense of the word, it fits into this fourth quadrant of the taxonomy. It is outside the scope of this disclosure.

[0041] The present disclosure provides a method for local site transport (LS) of a sampled payload signal. A method and apparatus for performing a multi-sampled signal generation is presented. Each payload signal is an ordered sequence of samples. The payload signal is processed in successive "fragments", which are the order of the samples that comprise the signal. The method and apparatus disclosed herein are for generating a pulsatile signal. Band-limited analog signals are also suitable for the methods disclosed herein. These may be sampled as they are transportable by LST.

[0042] Video signal The video signal is sampled and paid for specificity where appropriate herein. Used as an example of a load signal. As for video signals, alternative and equally useful electronic formats are In each case, the image is a two-dimensional object, but the color space is displayed in electronic form. Regardless of the resolution and frame rate of each frame, each video signal is a one-dimensional It is finally presented as a list of color values, i.e., an ordered sequence of input values. The force values ​​are quantized for digital video and are continuous values ​​for pulsatile video.

[0043] Infrastructure Video LST Mobile video systems are monolithic and small, so LST is the In contrast, infrastructure video systems are not centered around equipment design. assembled by the end customer from equipment that may be made in factories, making it difficult to predict and interconnected by infrastructure EM pathways that are sometimes difficult to constrain. Therefore, LST is a key design consideration for infrastructure video systems. is a term.

[0044] Infrastructure Video LST is a method for capturing video through imperfect media such as cameras or Playstations. The output terminal of the video transmitter, such as a station, is sent to the display through an incomplete EM path. The video signal is then transmitted to the input terminal of the video receiver, such as a TV or Xbox. The receiver and receiver are housed in a common housing, such as an all-in-one DVR with a built-in display. The two may be implemented in close proximity, such as an HDMI™ display and a set-top box, or the two devices may be located in separate corners of a room, between the fender and dashboard of a car, on opposite ends of a building, between buildings on a campus, or in different cars of a train. LSTs for common media carrying electrical, RF, or optical signals refer to the carried video as current / voltage, radio, or optical, respectively.

[0045] Cable installation is expensive, and reusing legacy infrastructure reduces installation costs. Costs are reduced, allowing traditional infrastructure cabling to be reused. An LST that can do this would be particularly desirable, and such an LST is the subject of the present disclosure.

[0046] The following infrastructure LSTs require special types of cables and connectors: Here is an example.

[0047] EIA / CEA-861 (HDMI™) is an LST for home entertainment equipment. Set-top boxes send video to displays via HDMI cables.

[0048] USB Video Class is an LST for webcams. Webcams are connected to USB cables. Stream video to a personal computer via a USB cable.

[0049] Ethernet is the LST for IP cameras. IP cameras use unshielded twisted pair cables. Stream video over UTP to a LAN switch.

[0050] The following infrastructure LSTs require special types of cables and connectors: This is an example of not doing so.

[0051] NTSC / PAL is the LST for traditional CCTV systems. CCTV cameras streams video to the DVR over RG-59 coaxial cable.

[0052] Wide range of solutions including HD-SDI and several proprietary analog HD solutions A range of HD CCTV LSTs are now available.

[0053] A wide variety of LSTs capture human appearance and gestures while providing panoramic video. It is used in virtual reality (VR) systems.

[0054] Infrastructure video systems present a wide variety of cabling challenges. In some infrastructure video applications, such as CCTV, individual devices are manufactured When the EM pathway is determined, the characteristics are unknown. Some LSTs are therefore Designed to withstand a variety of coaxial, UTP, and other cables.

[0055] DVI, LVDS, and HDBaseT are some of the many HD video LSTs.

[0056] LST is characterized by a specific set of constraints and trade-offs. Unfortunately, the impact of these limitations and trade-offs is driven by insatiable market demands. In response to a request, the number of infrastructure video equipment units and the number of This tends to increase as resolution continues to increase.

[0057] SSDS-CDMA In search of an alternative LST, "Spread Spectrum Systems with Commercial Applications" , by Robert C. Dixon, Vol. 3, Wiley & Sons, 1994. Spread spectrum system Spread spectrum Direct sequence Code division multiple access (SSD S-CDMA) transmission system, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0058] In SSDS, each bit of the input signal is modulated by a high-frequency code at the transmitter and The receiver correlates each sample of the received signal with a synchronized instance of the same code. It is a transmission method that allows

[0059] SSDS is a method for detecting EM propagation, including, for example, roll-off, dispersion, reflections, and aggressor signals. It is well known to provide several benefits, including resilience to propagation path defects.

[0060] SSDS takes into account reflections due to impedance discontinuities and The characteristic delay is much longer than the chip length. The only danger from reflections is that the main high-intensity signal It is locking on to a reflected signal, not a signal.

[0061] SSDS-CDMA combines several independent SSDS transmissions over various codes. The SSDS-CDMA receiver uses the code used by each transmitter. Based on this, different transmitters are distinguished from one another.

[0062] The present disclosure provides an encoder assembly and method for use with any obstructed EM path. Address the decoder assembly.

[0063] LST ideally delivers qualified video. For the human viewer, a qualified LST minimizes the introduction of visually distracting artifacts. delivers as faithful a representation of the payload video signal as possible while minimizing the need for traditional Using cable routing is always the lowest cost cabling method, all else being equal. A qualified LET can be used with conventional cabling without requiring new or special cabling. can be reused and still usefully convey the essential elements of a video signal over inexpensive cables. Utilize the full bandwidth and dynamic range of the cabling or other EM pathway to It is possible.

[0064] Improper termination, in addition to roll-off, dispersion, reflections, and electrical breakdown of the aggressor signal. Factors such as edges, force crimping, rodent chewing, and submersion can affect the infrastructure. This means that propagation errors can occur through the cabling of the building. Imperfections due to EM path propagation materially reduce the perceived value of the sensory payload. This appears as perceptually disturbing artifacts that can cause distortion and loss of signal fidelity. To mitigate the impact, these LSTs require expensive compression and filtering processes. Constraints on cable length are imposed along with the path, all of which constrain the system implementation. Sometimes limiting fidelity. Summary of the Invention

[0065] The present specification, in one aspect, provides a method for detecting EM propagation errors in a reconstructed payload signal. to present it as essentially non-malicious, thereby allowing it to pass through imperfect EM pathways for human perception purposes. LS for sampled signals that carry sensory signals as best they can. Disclose T.

[0066] All aspects of sensory signals, e.g., visual, auditory, pressure, tactile, chemical, etc., are transmitted to any given eye. In terms of objectives, they are equally useful / valuable in the human brain's perception of the signal content. For example, a certain level of noise (low pSNR) can degrade the video signal to an absolute minimum. On the other hand, humans may experience a very low pSNR, making the image invisible and inefficient. Regardless, through a considerable amount of "snow", important representative forms (foals, puppies, other humans, etc.) It can be easily identified.

[0067] In particular, the human perceptual subsystem is highly adaptive to rapid changes in sensory signals. For example, the visual system is sensitive to light patterns with high temporal and spatial frequencies. It is speculated that some of them have evolved to become more effective hunters. Some frequency sensory inputs make us uncomfortable. At the other end of the spectrum, humans Human senses tend to be troubled by the absolute ineffectiveness of both high frequency alternatives. Low spectral and temporal frequencies rather than objects or even the absence of a signal at all. For example, some people prefer to listen to a pseudo-voice white noise to fall asleep. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for generating a sound that humans find useful or comforting. Electrical errors appear as visual white noise in an iVR™ (immersive virtual reality) system. This reminds us of the importance of enabling the system.

[0068] Conventional digital LSTs are subject to a variety of high temporal and high spatial frequencies that are distracting to the eye. introduces a number of artifacts, resulting in a reduction in the bit rate required to represent the payload. In addition to the computational effort required to process the image, the algorithmic removal of information (compression) Therefore, these digital LSTs are based on the archi- fication first introduced by the digital LSTs. This adds costly correction for unwanted high spatial frequency artifacts. An example of a function is a gradual gradient displayed across a large digital display area. In motion-based compression algorithms, the "contoured" edges are The "blocking" error that occurs from a very small error of about 0.1% in the DC term of the CT block Examples of artifacts include "guru" artifacts.

[0069] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the methods and devices disclosed herein can be used to treat disorders of the EM pathway. , which appears as white noise in the reconstructed payload signal. "Seeing through" white noise, or "hearing" white noise in audio, or anything The brain's ability to "sense" the roughness of the surface allows for differences in the appearance of the reconstructed payload. However, it will be the smallest value / smallest digit that can be perceived for the intended use of the sensory signal.

[0070] No EM pathway transmits information perfectly from one place to another. The subject is LST, which provides a way to transmit sensory signals through an inherently imperfect EM propagation medium. For human viewing purposes, the LST is required to perform various information propagation conditions. , the transmitting equipment can transmit a representative signal to a matching receiving equipment, which receives The machine reconstructs the results into a visible result.

[0071] The subject matter of this disclosure, in one aspect, provides an encoder assembly for a sampled payload. The sample amplitude is measured either continuously (as a pulsatile signal) or by a decoder assembly. The method may be represented either discretely (as a digital signal) or discretely (as a digital signal). Iteratively construct the payload fragments, and the input vector is made available as an ordered system of values. The signal is transmitted and received simultaneously, and is encoded as a sequence. Decodes the ordered sequence of values ​​received from the Distribute as yellow fragments.

[0072] In one aspect, samples are collected from the input payload fragments into an input vector, and the input vector The algorithm encodes the data into an ordered sequence of output values ​​that are made available for transmission over an imperfect medium. The method for making the output values ​​available to the user includes a series of steps.

[0073] The first step of the method is to extract an image of a predetermined length N from one or more input payload fragments. This is the step of collecting samples into an indexed input vector. There is a trade-off: a larger N leads to higher throughput, but also to lower electrical elasticity. All else being equal, in one embodiment, N=32. The step is performed at a given collection interval, which may be different from the interval at which other steps in the method are performed. These other intervals are the encoding interval, the transport interval, the decoding interval, and the distribution interval. In a preferred embodiment, all intervals have a common duration.

[0074] This collection step consists of a set of input payload fragment indices and an input vector index. It realizes a given permutation, which is a one-to-one mapping between the index and the does not matter, so all possible substitutions of N! are equally preferred. Input payload fragment samples are assigned to input vector positions in a simple round-robin order. I can't stand it.

[0075] A further step of the method comprises associating a unique code with the index of each input vector; Each code in the series is itself an indexed array of values, and each code is a sequence of Unlike other N-1 codes, the length of the code is equal to another predetermined length L. Predetermining this involves a trade-off: the larger L, the greater the electrical elasticity, but the This comes at the expense of faster circuit implementation. In one embodiment, L=128.

[0076] The next step in the method is the encoding step. The loop is repeated L times, all within a given coding interval. For each coding interval, Since there are chip intervals, chip interval duration = coding interval / L. There is no restriction on predetermining the interval. In a preferred embodiment, the coding interval is Equals the interval.

[0077] The inner loop of the encoding step performs one iteration for each of the L indices in the code. It is executed once and includes two sub-steps:

[0078] i. Each sample of the input vector is looped by its loop index in the corresponding code. modulating the address value with the address value;

[0079] ii. Adding the results of all modulations of said sub-steps to produce an ordered sequence of output values. forming step.

[0080] The ordered sequence of values ​​obtained by the final step is then assigned to each code index. For each value of the loop index, one value is entered in its entirety. Represents a force vector.

[0081] The final step is the make available step. The loop is executed once for each of the L indices in the ordered sequence of output values. , which includes one sub-step:

[0082] i. An indexed one of the ordered series of output values ​​for the incomplete EM path Making it available step.

[0083] The making available step occurs within a predetermined delivery interval, so that each inner loop iteration The duration of the interval is equal to the duration of the transport interval divided by L. Predetermine the transport interval. This involves, for example, energy density limitations of N, L, and EM paths, as well as limitations of packaging technology. If N and L are fixed, a shorter delivery interval means a shorter payload. This means higher load throughput, but at the expense of faster implementations. In one embodiment, the delivery interval is 100 ns, and the delivery interval is 1000 ns per second. This corresponds to 10,000 input vectors being conveyed.

[0084] A preliminary step is to select values ​​of N and L, each of which is an integer greater than 2. A high L means high electrical resilience, but a higher L requires a faster circuit. A higher L means a higher payload throughput, but a higher N means a higher In one embodiment, N=128 and L=1024.

[0085] Another preliminary step is to generate a series of N This is the step of selecting a code ("book") for the L value. In a preferred embodiment, these chips are either +1 or -1. Each code in the codebook is a binary value of the input vector. The first step of the method is to find the input vector index. Each element in that vector is assigned a unique index value, along with the associated code. The step of modulating the sample at the index. The modulation is done by modulating the chip to +1 / -1. or +1 / 0, this can be done particularly cost-effectively. stomach.

[0086] The next step of the method is to add up the results of each modulation from the first step to obtain a value for transmission: An ordered sequence of these values ​​is transmitted during the delivery interval to form an input Represents the contents of the force vector.

[0087] In a further aspect, each successive value produced by the encoding method is a physical mechanism. transmitted through an imperfect medium using a

[0088] In a further aspect, if the output values ​​are made available for transmission in digital form, the method further comprises: It further includes converting the value from digital to physical analog before sending it to the M path.

[0089] These operations can be performed by digital circuits, by analog circuits, or both. Note that this may also be achieved by a combination of the physical Transmission is electromagnetic propagation.

[0090] In one aspect, one or more input payload fragments from the defective media during a predetermined transport interval. The input corresponding to the sequence of output values ​​produced by the corresponding coding method applied to receives an ordered sequence of values, decodes the ordered sequence of input values ​​into an output vector, and The method for distributing the payload into one or more reassembled payload fragments includes a series of steps. nothing.

[0091] The first step is to acquire synchronization with the signal arriving from the imperfect medium. The literature on SSDS-CDMA systems describes many methods and devices for acquiring synchronization. Contains.

[0092] The next step is to generate an output vector containing a predetermined number N of positions from which to evolve the reconstructed samples. This is the step where the rule is prepared.

[0093] The next step is to match each index in the output vector with a code from a given code set. The code is an indexed array, or "chip" Each chord is different from each of the other N-1 chords in the set. is the length of L chips. Furthermore, the code set is the code applied in the corresponding coding method. The L and N for the decoding method are the same as the L and N for the corresponding encoding method. Matches the corresponding parameter value in the

[0094] The next step is the receiving step, which is performed by determining whether the corresponding coding method is available. The receiving step is performed during the same delivery interval as the enabling step. An inner rule that is executed once for each of the L indices in the ordered sequence of values. Repeat the loop, which includes one sub-step:

[0095] i. Receive an indexed one of the ordered arrays of output values ​​from the incomplete EM path. The step of believing.

[0096] The duration of each loop iteration is given by the delivery interval divided by L. The ordered sequence of input values ​​produced by the send step is, in its entirety, the sequence of values ​​corresponding to the encoding. an input payload fragment encoded by the method and reconstructed by the method Represents.

[0097] The next step is the decoding step, which is performed during a predetermined decoding interval. In a preferred embodiment, the decoding interval is equal to the delivery interval. One iteration for each of the L indices in the force sequence, and the next L Perform iterations.

[0098] i. The indexed values ​​in the ordered input sequence are converted into output vector indices modulating by a common indexed value in the code corresponding to

[0099] ii. Sub-step i) The modulation result from 1) is assigned to the corresponding index of the output vector. A step of adding the element.

[0100] iii. Sub-step i)2) adds the sum to the corresponding output vector index Storing the data in a file.

[0101] iiii. Tracking synchronization with the transmitted signal.

[0102] The final step is the dispensing step, which is performed during a predetermined dispensing interval. In a preferred embodiment, the distribution interval is equal to the transport interval. The index of the vector is matched with the index in the set of reconstructed payload fragments. It implements a given permutation, which is a one-to-one mapping. The permutation is applied in the corresponding encoding method. This decoder permutation is the inverse of the permutation performed on the reconstructed payload from the output vector. Represents zero or more samples for each fragment.

[0103] In one embodiment, a sample input vector is constructed from one or more input payload fragments, and the input Encoding the vector into an ordered sequence of output values ​​and generating the ordered sequence of output values ​​during a given delivery interval. An apparatus for transmitting a sequence over an imperfect medium comprises a series of elements.

[0104] One of the elements receives and stores all samples in an input vector of a given length N. Predetermining N involves a trade-off: the larger N, the faster the throughput. The gain is increased while the electrical elasticity is sacrificed, all else being equal. In one embodiment, N=16.

[0105] Another element is the permuter, which replaces the input payload fragment samples with the input vector positions The permuter implements a predetermined permutation, also called a "one-to-one mapping." There are several such possible substitutions for N! In a preferred embodiment, substitutions are chosen for convenience. .

[0106] Another element is, for all N indices of the input vector during a given collection interval: The controller repeats the following steps:

[0107] Stores successive input payload fragment samples at indexed input vector positions configuring the replacer to:

[0108] Another element is a set of N code generators that generate a given set of codes. There is one code generator for the vector index. Each code in the code set is An indexed array of values, or "chips." All codes have a common, predetermined length L So there are L chips for each code. Predetermining N involves trade-offs. The larger L, the greater the electrical resilience, but at the expense of achieving faster circuits. In the embodiment, L = 1024. Each code is different from all other codes in the set.

[0109] Another element is a set of N modulators, one for each input vector index. Similarly, there is one modulator for each code in the code set. The detector has two inputs: one input is from the corresponding input sample, and the other The input is the corresponding chip.

[0110] Another element is a single N-input adder. The adder inputs are Each input is driven by one modulator output.

[0111] Another factor is that for all indices of a code set, the code is coded within a given coding interval. Repeat the following steps fast enough to enumerate all the indices in the code set: It is a controller.

[0112] Each element of the input vector is converted to a common signal in the corresponding code using the corresponding modulator. modulating the input signal by the value stored at the indexed position;

[0113] Using an adder, add up all the modulation results of step g)i) to get an ordered output value. forming an indexed one in the sequence;

[0114] In a preferred embodiment, the coding interval is equal to the carrier interval, so that each modulator Directly modulating its input samples by the corresponding code over the course of a coding interval. This can be seen as something that...

[0115] Another element is an output terminal that makes available an ordered sequence of values ​​produced during the coding interval. He is a child.

[0116] Another element is the L indexes in the ordered sequence of output values ​​during the delivery interval. In contrast, a controller that repeats the following steps, each of which has a duration of: is equal to the duration of the delivery interval divided by L, the controller.

[0117] of the coding interval fast enough to count all the indexes of the sequence within the transmission interval. Steps that make available indexed values ​​in the ordered output sequence produced between Pu.

[0118] The ordered outputs that are made available after repeating the above making step L times. The input sequence, in its entirety, represents the input payload fragment.

[0119] In a further aspect, the values ​​are transmitted over an imperfect EM propagation path.

[0120] In a further aspect, the encoder assembly device may be configured to detect, for example, the nature of the payload, the EM path, These are then adjusted under algorithmic control to adapt to changing propagation characteristics or application requirements. The parameters of are changed.

[0121] In one aspect, one or more input payload fragments from the defective media during a predetermined transport interval. corresponds to an ordered sequence of output values ​​produced by a corresponding coding device applied to It receives an ordered sequence of input values ​​and converts the ordered sequence of input values ​​into an output vector of samples. and distributing the output vector as one or more reconstructed payload fragments. , which contains a series of elements.

[0122] One of the elements is the output vector of a given length N, equal to N for the corresponding coder. It is a memory that reconstructs and stores all samples received.

[0123] One element is a set of code generators, one for each output vector index, N There are code generators. Each code generator is an indexed array of values, or "chips". Each code in the code set is a corresponding code. Each code is of another predetermined length L, equal to the length of the code generator. The code set is identical to the code set of the corresponding coding device.

[0124] Another element is a set of N correlators, one for each output vector index. There is a correlator, one for each code in the code set. The detector has two inputs: one input is the received input value and the other input is the corresponding chip is.

[0125] One of the elements is a series of N adders. Each adder has two inputs. One input is the corresponding The output of the interrogator is the position content of the corresponding indexed output vector.

[0126] One of the elements is the acquisition and tracking circuit. The acquisition circuit is connected to the clock recovery circuit and the correlation span. and an eccentric detector.

[0127] One of the elements is the L indexes in the ordered sequence of input values ​​during the delivery interval. For each, the controller repeats the following steps:

[0128] i. By analyzing the signal arriving from the imperfect medium, the reference clock frequency and configuring the acquisition and tracking circuitry to infer the time and phase of the signal;

[0129] ii. The ordered inputs are fast enough to enumerate all the indexes in the series within the delivery interval. Receiving an indexed value in the force sequence.

[0130] After repeating the above receiving loop L times, the received ordered input sequence is represents the payload fragment to be reassembled.

[0131] The duration of each step in the receiving loop is the duration of the transport interval divided by L. equal.

[0132] Another element is the L indices in the ordered sequence of input values ​​for a given decoding interval. For each one, the controller repeats the following steps:

[0133] For each of the N indices in the output vector, repeat the following substep: Return step.

[0134] i. The received input value is multiplied by the common indexed value of the indexed code. to contribute a fraction of the indexed output sample by correlating Configuring an indexed correlator.

[0135] ii. Add the output of the indexed correlator with the contents of the indexed output vector position configuring the indexed summation circuit to:

[0136] iii. A corresponding index in the output vector memory is read to receive the output of the adder circuit. Configuring a location with a slot.

[0137] One element is assigned to each of the N indices in the output vector during a given distribution interval. In response to this, the controller repeats the following steps:

[0138] i. By analyzing the signal arriving from the imperfect medium, the reference clock frequency and configuring the acquisition and tracking circuitry to infer the time and phase of the signal;

[0139] ii. The ordered inputs are fast enough to enumerate all the indexes in the series within the delivery interval. Receiving an indexed value in the force sequence.

[0140] After repeating the inner loop above L times, the received ordered input sequence is represents the payload fragment to be reassembled.

[0141] One element is assigned to each of the N indices in the output vector during a given distribution interval. In response to this, the controller repeats the following steps:

[0142] i. Index the output vector position to the successive reassembled payload fragment samples. Configuring the replacer to be available as a pull.

[0143] In a further aspect, the ordered sequence of input values ​​is received through an imperfect electromagnetic propagation path. .

[0144] In another aspect, an encoder assembly device paired with a corresponding decoder assembly device. The LST incorporating the device will be charged.

[0145] In a further aspect, a coding device configured to transmit a digital signal is incorporated. The LST is paired with a decoder device configured to communicate the digital signal.

[0146] In a further aspect, a LS incorporating an encoding device configured to transmit a pulsatile signal. T is paired with a decoder device configured to transmit the digital signal.

[0147] In a further aspect, a coding device configured to transmit a digital signal is incorporated. The LST is paired with a decoder configured to transmit the pulsatile signal.

[0148] In a further aspect, a LS incorporating an encoding device configured to transmit a pulsatile signal. The T is paired with a decoder configured to transmit the pulsatile signal.

[0149] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be transmitted using any of a variety of technologies and techniques. For example, it will be understood that the various and there are data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, samples, symbols, and chips is a voltage, current, electromagnetic wave, magnetic field or magnetic particle, optical field or optical particle, or It may be represented by any combination of these.

[0150] Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the various exemplary embodiments described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be readily understood. Logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps are electronic hardware, It may be implemented as computer software or instructions, or a combination of both. This interchangeability of hardware and software will be made clear. For purposes of illustration, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps may be used. These have been generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether it is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific characteristics given to the entire system. Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the described functionality to their particular application and design constraints. Each may be implemented in various ways, and such implementation decisions do not depart from the scope of the present invention. should not be interpreted as escaping.

[0151] The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein A program is a piece of hardware in the form of software modules that are executed by a processor. In the case of a hardware implementation, The processing may be performed by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (D SP), Digital Signal Processor (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Processors, Controllers, Microcontrollers microcontroller, microprocessor, designed to perform the functions described herein The software may be implemented in other electronic units, or in combinations thereof. A software module may also be referred to as a computer program, computer code, or instructions. known and containing a number of source code or object code segments or instructions Also known as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, and registers. , hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, Blu-ray Any computer-readable medium, such as a disk, or any other form of computer-readable medium. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium may reside on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In addition, other aspects may include computer-readable media (e.g., tangible media). The computer-readable medium may include transitory computer-readable media (e.g., signals). Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. In the alternative, the computer-readable medium may be integral to the processor. And the computer readable medium may reside in an ASIC or related device. The software codes may be stored in a memory unit and the processor may be configured to execute them. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor. If external to the processor, it may be accessible to the processor through various means as known in the art. The device may be communicatively coupled to the sensor.

[0152] Additionally, modules and / or By other suitable means, downloaded and / or otherwise transmitted by a computing device It should be appreciated that such devices may be obtained by, for example, connecting such devices to a server. , can facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein; or The various methods described herein may be implemented using storage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, compact disk, etc.). Provided via physical storage media such as CDs or floppy disks whereby the computing device may have a storage means coupled to the device or In addition, the methods described herein may be used in a variety of ways. and any other suitable technique for providing the technology may be utilized.

[0153] In one form, the present invention provides a computer-implemented method or operation that performs the methods or operations presented herein. For example, such a computer program product may include instructions A computer (or processor) readable medium having stored thereon (and / or encoded thereon) and instructions may include instructions for one or more processors to perform the operations described herein. In certain embodiments, the computer program product may be implemented by a package The adhesive may include a coating material.

[0154] The methods disclosed herein may comprise one or more steps or methods for achieving the described method. The method steps and / or actions may be as defined in the claims. In other words, the specifics of the steps or actions may be interchanged without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Unless a specific order is specified, the order of steps and / or actions is The use may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0155] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determine" means to calculate, compute, process, derive, look up, search (e.g., a table, This may include searching a database or other data structure, checking, etc. "Determine" includes receiving (e.g., receiving information), evaluating (e.g., storing data in memory), and "Determine" may also include "resolve," "select," "evaluate," etc. It may include, etc.

[0156] The system consists of a display device, a processor, a memory, and an input device. The memory may be a computer-implemented system for performing the methods described herein. The processor memory and the display device may include instructions to be executed by the processor. Desktop computer, laptop computer or portable device such as a tablet included in standard computing devices, such as It may be installed in a computer or may be included in a customized device or system. A computing device is an all-in-one computing or programmable device. or operably (or functionally) connected via a wired or wireless connection, It may also be a distributed device comprising several components. One embodiment of the device includes a central processing unit (CPU), a memory, a display device, and a keyboard. The CPU may include an input / output interface and an input device such as a keyboard or a mouse. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and, through an input / output interface, input / output devices (e.g. a control unit and program counter element in communication with the input device and the display device; The input / output interface is provided with a specified communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth th, Zigbee, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.11, TCP / IP , UDP, etc.) to communicate with an equivalent communication module in another device. It may also include a network interface and / or communication module. The display device may also include a flat screen display (e.g., LCD, LED, plasma, touch panel, etc.), projector, CRT, etc. A computing device may have a single CPU (core) or multiple CPUs ( A computing device may have multiple processors (multi-core), or multiple processors. , parallel processors, vector processors, or distributed computing The memory may be operatively coupled to the processor and may include RAM and and ROM components, and may be provided within or outside the device. The memory is used to store the operating system and any additional software modules or instructions. The processor may be used to store software instructions stored in the memory. The processor may be configured to load and execute modules or instructions. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0157] [Figure 1] FIG. 10 illustrates a method for collecting input vectors from a series of payload fragments, encoding the vectors as an ordered sequence of output values, and making the output values ​​available for transmission over an incomplete EM path. [Figure 2]FIG. 10 illustrates a method for receiving an ordered sequence of input values ​​decoded from an incomplete EM path, decoding the input sequence to form an output vector, and distributing the output vector to reassembled payload fragments. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates local site transport of fragments from one or more payload signals. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 illustrates one particular permutation, where the permutation is a mapping from input payload fragment indexes to encoder input vector indexes, the illustrated example being round-robin allocation. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a round-robin permutation from indices of fragments of parallel RGB input video signals to indices of 8-element encoder input vectors for the first transport interval for a given payload. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 further illustrates an example of a round-robin permutation from indices of fragments of parallel RGB input video signals to indices of 8-element encoder input vectors for a second transport interval for a given payload. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for encoding an input vector of N samples as an L-time interval sequence of transmitted output values. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a rectifying modulator. [Figure 9] 1 illustrates an apparatus for decoding an output vector of N samples from a received L time interval sequence of input values. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates the architecture of an acquisition and tracking circuit. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates an alternative acquisition and tracking circuit architecture. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 illustrates a particular round-robin assignment of decoder output vector indices to fragments of a reconstructed payload signal. [Figure 13]FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a round-robin permutation from the indices of an 8-element decoder output vector to the indices of the fragments of a reconstructed parallel RGB output video signal for the first transport interval for a given payload. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 further illustrates an example of a round-robin permutation from the indices of the 8-element decoder output vectors to the indices of the fragments of the reconstructed parallel RGB output video signal for the second transport interval. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 shows an overview of a binary codebook that is a subset of the identity matrix. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a 127×127 binary codebook where each code is a unique rotation of a common PN sequence. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a 128×128 binary codebook, which is a Walsh-Hadamard matrix. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a 128×128 binary codebook constructed by element-wise multiplication of each row of a Walsh-Hadamard matrix with a common near-PN sequence. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 illustrates the interconnections between components of a signal acquisition, processing, and presentation system. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 shows an example of an oscilloscope trace of a signal arriving from an EM path at a decoder assembly input terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0158] Glossary For a commonly understood term for spread spectrum transmission systems, see "Spread Spectrum Spectrum Systems with Commercial Applications, by Robert C. Dixon, Vol. 3, Wil Defined and detailed in ey & Sons, 1994.

[0159] A "signal" is a variable quantity that conveys information.

[0160] A "sensory signal" is a signal that can be interpreted by the human nervous system (e.g., the eye). light to the eyes, sound to the ears, pressure to the touch, chemicals to the taste, etc.

[0161] "Perception" is the brain's awareness, comprehension, or understanding of received interval signals. And so.

[0162] A "color space" is a set of numbers that represents the gamut of colors, typically three or four components (e.g., RGB, YUV, YCbCr, and CMYK) It is a mathematical model.

[0163] A "color value" is a signal amplitude that corresponds to a basis vector in color space.

[0164] A "pixel" is a mathematical object associated with a geometric position in a 2D plane, A pixel is fully described as a series of color values, or equivalently, as a vector in color space. do.

[0165] An "image" is a two-dimensional array of color values.

[0166] "Video" can give the human observer the perception of motion and continuity when presented at a sufficient rate. It is an arrangement of images in a predetermined electronic format that produces a visual impression.

[0167] "Analog" representation of the signal

[0168] Physical Quantity: A physical quantity changes continuously with time, and the number of different amplitudes available is limited by the Limited by the ability to measure energy. Examples of analog representations of signals are: Some examples include:

[0169] Image Sensor: Capacitive (at each "pixel" in the sensor, a photodiode is inserted into the sensor for a given exposure interval) The capacitor is conditionally discharged through the diode, and the brighter the part of the focus range, the longer the exposure interval. (Less charge remains on the capacitor after

[0170] LED / LCD displays: current (per pixel in the display) The brightness of the controllable part is determined by the control current at any given moment.

[0171] "Digital" Representation of a Signal

[0172] A number that changes at a predetermined interval. Examples of digital representations of signals include:

[0173] R or G or B entries in PC:TIF files

[0174] serial digital interface: an ordered sequence of bits in a predetermined format

[0175] "N" is the number of vectors, such as the encoder input vector and its corresponding decoder output vector. Number of elements > 1

[0176] "L" is the common number of chips in each code, and similarly, each coding interval or is the number of chip intervals applied between decoding intervals. N can be any factor The larger L is relative to N, the greater the electrical resilience provided to the carried payload. It becomes.

[0177] The "payload" is the set of sampled signals that are to be carried.

[0178] A "fragment" is a finite, ordered sequence of consecutive samples from a signal.

[0179] "(Input or Output) Vectors" are those collected from or attached to payload fragments. A finite ordered sequence of distributed samples. A vector contains N values.

[0180] An "imperfect medium" causes the received value to be unequal to the transmitted value, thereby The physical electromagnetic (EM) propagation path and its environment combine to create the error. do.

[0181] An "EM path" is an imperfect medium. The subject matter of this disclosure likely works best in waveguides. However, it uses the full bandwidth and dynamic range available in the EM path. This is because they rely on the use of

[0182] A "waveguide" is an EM pathway that physically restricts and constrains the EM propagation vector.

[0183] A "code" is a predetermined sequence of chips that is L chips long.

[0184] A "chip" is a value from a predetermined set of possible values.

[0185] A "chip interval" is the time allocated to the application of one chip at the encoder or decoder. The encoder chip interval = coding interval / L, and the decoder chip interval = decoding interval / L.

[0186] The "Transport Interval" is the time allocated to simultaneously send and receive EM propagations over an EM pathway. This is a period during which

[0187] A "binary code" is a code in which the chips are binary.

[0188] A "binary chip" has possible values ​​of -1 or +1. (Predicting 0 or +1 The binary chip values ​​are -1 and +1, facilitating balanced direct sequence modulation. .)

[0189] The output of the "PN array" exhibits spectral characteristics similar to white noise (binary ?) code. "PN" stands for "pseudo noise." The signal error of an ideal PN sequence is Since the energy is uniform across the transmit spectrum, its Fourier transform is It looks like a fine-toothed comb with equal energy in wavenumber. (NB: All codes are It is not a PN array.)

[0190] "Spreading" is a property of the individual codes and the effect of modulating a signal with a PN sequence A signal modulated by an ideal PN sequence has spectral characteristics similar to white noise. It exhibits sexuality.

[0191] "Code spreading" is a PN sequence (NB: all PN sequences are ideally "spread" (Not just that).

[0192] "Diffusion ratio" =L = number of consecutive chips that modulate each input sample = the number of consecutive chips to demodulate the ordered sequence of received values ​​and decode the output vector = diffusion factor (Dixon uses the terms "diffusion ratio" and "diffusion factor" interchangeably) (I'm = SSDS processing gain = Cord length = chip array length = number of encoder chips that modulate each sample in the input vector = number of decoder chip correlations that contribute to each sample in the output vector

[0193] "Orthogonality" is a property of a set of codes (a "codebook"). If all N codes are independent sequences that are not correlated with each other, they are considered orthogonal. (The orthogonal codebook minimizes the inter-track interference among the N tracks. (It is.)

[0194] A Walsh-Hadamard code set is a set of codes in which each code is a function of the L-dimensional space of codes. A set of PN sequences that form orthonormal basis vectors. For any code in the set, the cross product is 0, representing an empty cross-correlation. Therefore, the autoproduct is 1, representing 100% autocorrelation.

[0195] The embodiments provided are intended to illustrate the use of particular methods and apparatus in a range of environments. The present invention also discloses a method that is useful for

[0196] One embodiment of the encoding method and apparatus is shown in FIG. 1, where the method comprises: for interval τ, and similarly for the codes of a given codebook of indexed chips For each common index in the Repeat the steps of the method.

[0197] i) Common indices of codes 304 corresponding to indices of input vectors 350 Step 308 modulates each input sample 300 by the chip 104. If the pulse signal is pulsatile, the samples are continuous and one embodiment of modulation is analog multiplication. If the code is binary (1 / -1), one embodiment of analog modulation is conditional inversion. If the payload signal is digital, the samples are numbers, and one embodiment of modulation is digital When the code is binary (1 / -1), one embodiment of the digital multiplier is a conditional This is a denial.

[0198] ii) adding the modulation results 114 from step i) to obtain a sequence of output values ​​112 for transmission; Step 310 forms one of the modulation sequences 110. If the payload signal is pulsatile, the modulation result is The result is a continuous value, and the adder is an adder circuit. If the payload signal is digital, the modulation result is is a number and addition is an adder.

[0199] iii) Fast enough to enumerate all Code 304 indexes within the coding interval 12 At this point, making the output 108 created by step ii) available. The step of making the output available can be accomplished in many ways, one example being providing the output to a port. Another alternative is to store the output in memory and make it available by reading it. It can be executed as if it were a function.

[0200] One for each code 304 index during each chip interval τ in coding interval 12 By following the steps in the disclosure to create the value of The ordered sequence 110 of values ​​112 represents the input vector 350. As this is accomplished for the coding interval, the described method is repeated for successive input vectors. It can be repeated.

[0201] In a preferred embodiment of the method of FIG. 1, the codebook 354 is a set of N mutually orthogonal The code 304 is a spreading code for L interleaved chips 104. The L indices correspond to the L chip intervals τ allocated between the coding intervals. The ratio L / N is the "SSDS processing gain" as defined by Dixon on page 6. This ratio determines the electrical elasticity given to each sample of the input vector by L and N. Captures the trade-off of growth with the ratio. The larger N, the wider the payload bandwidth that can be accommodated. Therefore, the designer is motivated to make N very large. However, A fixed L is given by N, which is the electrical This means that the elasticity decreases. In a preferred embodiment, L>N.

[0202] The coding method of FIG. 1 uses a common inverse of the code for each chip interval τ. Repeat the following steps for each dex:

[0203] i) A common code 304 corresponding to the index of the input signal value in the input vector 350 modulating each input sample 300 with an indexed chip 104 corresponding to the 308. If the payload signal is pulsatile, the samples are continuous values ​​and one embodiment of modulation is Analog multiplication. When the code is binary (1 / -1), one embodiment of analog multiplication is If the payload signal is digital, the samples are a number and represent one implementation of the modulation. The form is digital multiplication. If the code is binary (1 / -1), it is an implementation of digital multiplication. The voice is conditional negation.

[0204] ii) adding the modulation results 114 from step i) to obtain an ordered sequence 11 of output values ​​112; Step 310 forms one of the zeros.

[0205] iii) Enough code 304 indexes to enumerate all the code 304 indexes within a given coding interval. Making available the output 108 produced by step ii) at a rate.

[0206] The ordered sequence 110 of values ​​112 resulting from step iii) has one value for each code 3 04 index, the whole of which is the input vector within a given number L of chip intervals τ. It represents Tor 350.

[0207] The only signal that appears entirely within the fast time domain indicator 506 of FIG. 50 changes during the coding process.

[0208] Figure 2 shows the reception, decoding, and separation process for reconstructing payload fragments from received waveforms. 2 shows a method and apparatus for distributing a time series of N chip intervals 216 of received values ​​214, The output signal samples 302 are decoded to yield an N-element output vector 352 The entire sequence of output values ​​is spaced apart by L chip intervals τ to receive output vector 352. It is created once after

[0209] The decoding method of Figure 2 relies on a codebook 356. The codebook is a set of N A code 202 of L mutually orthogonal chips 206, each possibly a spreading code. The L indices of the code are used to receive the output vector 352. corresponds to L chip intervals τ allocated for

[0210] At the start of each decoding cycle (for Y0), the output values ​​302 are each initialized to zero.

[0211] During each chip interval τ, the received value 214 is The chip 206 is correlated (334) with its index in the codebook 356. The index corresponds to the index of the output value 302 in the output vector 352. If the signal is pulsatile, the samples are continuous and one embodiment of correlation is analog multiplication. If the code is binary (1 / -1), one embodiment of analog multiplication is conditional inversion. If the load signal is digital, the samples are numbers and one embodiment of the correlation is digital multiplication. If the code is binary (1 / -1), one implementation of digital multiplication is conditional negation. be.

[0212] All L correlation results 204 at the index of each input vector 350 are coded are summed (336) over the course of interval 2 to yield each output sample 302. will be done.

[0213] Output vector 352 is a vector of L chip intervals τ allocated to receive the output vector. After that, it contains the reconstructed payload samples and uses them as output vector values ​​344. The making available step may be adapted to any form of intra-device signal transmission.

[0214] Only signals that appear entirely within the fast time domain indicator 506 of FIG. 52 changes during the encoding process.

[0215] Local site transport of the sample signal involves a possibly infinite series of It involves repeating steps.

[0216] Assembling an input vector from the input payload fragments.

[0217] · Coding the input vector into a transmitted signal under the control of a codebook.

[0218] A signal carrying step involving two simultaneous operations.

[0219] Transmitting a signal (in the encoder assembly 326).

[0220] Receiving a signal (in the decoder assembly 328).

[0221] Decoding the received signal into an output vector under the control of a codebook.

[0222] Distributing the output vectors into the reassembled payload fragments.

[0223] Referring now to FIG. 3, element 1 is connected to the decoder assembly via electromagnetic (EM) path 314. The sampled payload includes an encoder assembly 326 connected to a Represents the end-to-end Local Site Transport (LST) for the encoder adapter. The assembly receives an ordered sequence 350 of input samples 504 and outputs an analog signal on the EM path. The decoder assembly receives the analog waveforms from the EM path and generates the It creates an ordered sequence 352 of output values ​​344 that are approximations of the corresponding payload values. All encoding and decoding operations are performed within the fast time domain 506 shown, over L predetermined carrier intervals. In one embodiment, the EM pathway is a waveguide that provides the maximum amount of energy This allows the transmission of energy.

[0224] The encoder input vector 350 is mapped to any given bijective encoder mapping function 34 6, one or more input payload signals 500 over a collection interval 100, respectively. The corresponding output payload signal 502 is constructed from successive samples 504 from is mapped to the decoder by a bijective decoder mapping function 348 over the distribution interval 102. It is constructed from the output value vector 352. In a preferred embodiment, the decoder mapping The mapping function is the inverse of the corresponding encoder mapping function.

[0225] The encoder assembly 326 converts the encoder input vector 350 into an EM path 314. The EM path converts the received signal into an array of values ​​that are sent to the decoder assembly 328 via the The decoder assembly output terminal 338 is connected to the decoder assembly input terminal 340. Impedance 316 terminates the EM path at the decoder assembly input terminal. The assembly receives the propagated signal from the EM path and converts the array of received values ​​into a decoder output vector 35 Convert to 2.

[0226] LST 1 shown in Figure 3 converts a relatively large amount of energy supplied from the commercial power supply into EM It can be injected into the pathway 314. In one embodiment, the EM pathway is a waveguide.

[0227] Without loss of generality, the system is divided into two parts: an encoder assembly 326 and a decoder assembly 327. Although described as carrying payloads to the EM Path 314 The auxiliary decoder may be in parallel with the primary decoder 326, and the auxiliary decoder may be in parallel with the primary decoder 326, and the auxiliary decoder may be in parallel with the primary decoder 338. 328 and an auxiliary decoder block in parallel with the primary decoder 328. It receives information from the clock and drives the lines at 340, either digitally or pulsatile. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to achieve bidirectional transmission of information. The main difference between the coders is the amount of information flow. The auxiliary information flow is e.g. and control signals, audio signals to drive speakers or similar devices. This is known as C (up-the-cable) communication and consists of a much smaller amount of information. Information in the form of digital or pulsatile signals using a separate code sequence for UTC communication may run in the opposite direction, with such separate coding sequences being orthogonal to the main coding sequence.

[0228] FIG. 4 shows the relationship between samples 504 of collection interval 500 and position 30 of encoder input vector 350. 0. This diagram shows one of the possible permutations of N! in permutation unit 346 between 0 and N!. Any number of payload signals during the strike are indicated by the orbits between β and ω on the left side of the drawing. This allows each payload signal to be compared to its discontinuity with respect to the input vector during each collection interval. Any number of samples from the strips can be contributed.

[0229] FIG. 4 shows a simple round robin permutation performed in permuter 346, where N A series of payload signals 504, α, β..., are sent to the input vector positions 300 until all input vector positions 300 are filled. , ω is then added to the encoder input vector 350 The numbered circles are assigned to the next available index in the input payload. Indicates the order in which load fragment samples are selected for inclusion in the encoder input vector. Exactly N samples are collected during the collection interval.

[0230] There are N! equally good choices for the permutation realized by permuter 346, but The permutation unit 348 implements the inverse of the permutation implemented by the corresponding encoder. Confirmation of the agreement on the details is the subject of an international standard for future implementation.

[0231] The scheme shown in Figure 4 applies to many possible types of signals. For example, A video representation where each pixel is a color value (e.g., three per pixel (R / G / B)). Another example is a single payload signal, This payload signal consists of color values ​​from several interleaved video signals. Examples include a wide variety of signals, e.g., video, audio, chemical, mechanical / tactile, etc. In one embodiment of the mixed example, the signal from / to each payload signal during each delivery interval is Further examples include different numbers of samples per code signal. There are four types of signals (digital, analog, pulsatile, and neural) that can be used: .

[0232] Figure 5 shows a particularly common special case of the general outline shown in Figure 4. In this example, the payload represents the R, G, and B color planes of a single RGB video signal. N is the number of elements in the encoder input vector 350. In this case, it is 8. This example shows the round robin allocation during the transmission of the first delivery interval. It shows the target.

[0233] In addition to the example starting with FIG. 5, FIG. 6 illustrates a round-robin allocation during transmission of the second delivery interval. It shows the target.

[0234] Referring now to FIG. 7, the encoder assembly 326 derives the input signal from the mapping 346. Receives the signal sample 504 and drives the signal through its output terminal 338 to the EM path 314. The encoder assembly contains an input vector memory that receives and stores all the input signal samples. and a codebook memory 354 for receiving and storing a predetermined code set. , one code 304 is associated with each input sample 300 .

[0235] The data path of the encoder assembly 326 is reused many times, once for each chip interval τ. The high-speed modulator 308 is characterized by one modulator 308 for each input sample 300. At each cycle of the transmit clock in the fast region 506, each modulator receives a corresponding index The indexed chip 306 is applied to the corresponding indexed input sample, and summing circuit 3 10 combines all modulator outputs 508 and outputs them to the line driver via output terminal 338. 312 to the EM path 314. The EM pathway is a waveguide, allowing the maximum amount of energy to be transmitted.

[0236] If the payload signal 500 is pulsatile, the input samples 301 are continuous values, and the modulator 30 One embodiment of 8 is an analog multiplier. If the code 330 is binary (1 / -1), then the analog One embodiment of a log modulator is a conditional inverter. The samples are numbers, and one embodiment of the modulator is a digital multiplier. In case 1), one embodiment of the digital multiplier is a conditional negator.

[0237] Application payload signals 500 of duration greater than a single collection interval 100 , over the course of several collection intervals, and therefore a corresponding number of coding intervals, e.g. and a corresponding number of transport intervals 2 over the course of the transport intervals 2. are the collection interval, coding interval, transport interval, N8, L10, codebook 354, and placement The parameters defining the encoder assembly 326, including the displacement of the transducer 346, are Processing a set of input payload samples 504 corresponding to the contents of a set of input vectors 350 All remain constant throughout the steps involved. In this state, all coding parameters are "hard coded" and cannot be changed. The encoding of a vector is not necessarily the encoding of all previous and all future input vectors. Since they are logically independent, the coding parameters are The value of the force vector may change from: In another embodiment, any of the coding parameters may be, for example, payload characteristics, EM parameters, In response to changes in the characteristics of the path 314 and / or application requirements, the algorithm It may be changed under control from one collection interval to the next.

[0238] The encoder chip 306 may be constrained to binary values ​​(e.g., 1 and 0). For a digital implementation of the coder modulator 308, one embodiment of the modulator may The line driver 31 includes a combinational circuit that inverts the coded integer representation of 342. The corresponding embodiment of 2 provides digital-to-analog conversion.

[0239] The encoder chip 306 may be constrained to two values ​​(e.g., 1 and -1). For an analog implementation of the encoder modulator 308, one embodiment of the modulator is shown in FIG. The inverter is equipped with a rectifying modulator, such as

[0240] The example modulator 308 shown in FIG. 8 provides a chip input to corresponding input samples 342. 104 to produce a modulated output 508. This type of modulator is also known as a rectifying modulator. , which inverts the input sample 342 based on the polarity of the chip input 104. The coupled inductors 606 and 608 are connected to a center tap connected to the signal 602. , galvanically isolating the input sample 342 across rectifier diodes 612 and 610. The diodes 612 and 610 each provide a The chip input 104 transmits a differential signal through the inductor 60. 8, and one terminal of inductor 608 passes signal 628. In one of the two polarities of 04, according to Kirchhoff's circuit laws, the current passes through inductor 622 to signal 626, and then through forward biased diode 612. It flows through the inductor 608 and exits the center tap of the inductor 608 to the signal 602. With the tip input 104 inversely polarized, the current flows through the inductor 616. The signal 602 flows through inductor 616 and thereby to the center tap of inductor 608. The signal originates from inductor 608 and flows through forward biased diode 610. , leading to signal 626, and then the current flows back through inductor 622, again killing According to Hoff's circuit law, a current loop is completed. Note that the direction of the paths is reversed. The direction of current flow in 628 is reversed to either positive or negative polarity as appropriate, turning inductor 608 DC blocking capacitor to ensure proper biasing. This combined signal is then coupled to the bias signal flow described above. The current flows out of the inductor 608 and exits the center tap 602 through one of two established paths. , and exits one or the other of the terminals of the inductor 608, thereby providing The polarity of the bias signal applied to the capacitor 614 establishes positive and negative signal representation. is a DC blocking capacitor that removes DC components from the output signal 624.

[0241] Referring now to FIG. 9, the decoder assembly 328 includes an EM path at its input terminal 340. 314. In one embodiment, the EM path is a waveguide that receives the maximum amount of energy. The EM path is created by terminating the impedance 316. The signal entering the decoder assembly is fed back by an equalizer 324. The signal is received by a line amplifier 322, which is controlled through a clock path.

[0242] The output vector 352 is generated for each chip interval 50 of the simultaneous high speed operations taking place within the range 506. 0, by accumulating the partial contributions in storage element 302 over the course of a decoding interval. For each output vector 352 index, The decoder assembly 328 also reads the corresponding index of the codebook memory 356. The system includes one code 330, one correlator 334, and one integrator 336. do.

[0243] Before starting to decode the received ordered sequence of values, the entries 302 of the output vector 352 are are cleared (by storing the value 0 in each). Then, the output vector is During each predetermined chip interval τ allocated to be decoded, each output vector index For the signal, a correlator 334 is used to compare the received signal produced by the line amplifier 322. The value 214 is correlated with the corresponding indexed chip 332 and summed using a summing circuit 336. and assembles correlation results 702 using the contents of the corresponding output sample memory 302 .

[0244] The chip 332 may be converted to a binary value (e.g., 1 and 0), and the decoder 5 For a digital embodiment of 12, one embodiment of the correlator 334 follows chip 332: and a combinational circuit for inverting the coded integer representation of each received value 342. A corresponding embodiment of the line driver 312 provides digital-to-analog conversion.

[0245] The decoder 512 address, where chips may be constrained to two values ​​(e.g., 1 and -1), In an analog embodiment, the correlator may consist of an analog modulator, such as the example shown in FIG. There is.

[0246] The output of each correlator 334, along with the contents of its corresponding output sample memory 302, is In the case of a digital implementation of the decoder, the integrator is It may be a simple combinational adder. In the case of an analog implementation of the decoder, the integrator One embodiment includes an op-amp-based integrator.

[0247] If the reconstructed payload signal 502 is pulsatile, the output samples 303 are continuous values. , one embodiment of the correlator 334 is an analog multiplier. If the payload signal is digital, one embodiment of the analog correlator is a conditional inverter. In the case of a code, the samples are numbers and one embodiment of the correlator is a digital multiplier. In the binary (1 / -1) case, one embodiment of a digital correlator is a conditional negator.

[0248] The correlation spike detector 320 monitors the output of the array of decoder correlators 334. In an embodiment, all of the functional elements of the decoder assembly 328 are connected to the output of the line amplifier 322. Synchronization by a clock recovery circuit 318 that monitors the output of the force and correlation spike detector The carrier synchronization is acquired and tracked.

[0249] SSDS is different from that claimed in this disclosure.

[0250] SSDS can travel long distances, in contrast to the relatively limited distances covered by LSTs. It is a technology for trust.

[0251] SSDS is used by many applications, including most human-facing applications. In contrast to LST, which is an approximation that seeks the minimum result actually desired, This applies when almost every bit of a signal must be transmitted accurately.

[0252] SSDS typically transmits a single signal stream through an EM path, often in free space. Applied to a system, LST transmits a single payload through an EM path, often a waveguide. Carry.

[0253] SSDS-CDMA differs from that taught in this disclosure.

[0254] In conventional SSDS-CDMA, coded values ​​are transmitted asynchronously with each other. In contrast, the LST disclosed herein is a vector of N payload signal sample values: synchronously encode all values ​​of as a series of L values ​​transmitted through the EM path. .

[0255] Conventional SSDS-CDMA minimizes energy consumption and reduces potentially harmful EM radiation. To minimize interference and minimize crosstalk, the transmitted signal is placed below the ambient noise floor. In contrast, the LST disclosed herein seeks to conceal the relevant FCC / C Send maximum energy into the EM path allowed by the E / CCC standard.

[0256] Conventional (bit-serial) SSDS-CDMA uses chip phase to distinguish between transmitters. In contrast to the shift code variants claimed herein, The decoder pair uses orthogonal codebooks to minimize inter-track interference (II). .

[0257] The orthogonal codebook may contain non-spreading codes. The identity matrix (shown in Figure 15) is , is an example of one such codebook.

[0258] One embodiment of the orthogonal codebook includes spreading codes to: 1) each input / output Sending force vector samples benefits from the resilience of SSDS against attackers, and 2) sensory In the case of a signal that is intended to be perceived perceptually, electrical imperfections as well as arbitrary II are not considered perceptually. into harmless artifacts.

[0259] Acquisition and tracking of synchronization information in SSDS-CDMA systems In any SSDS communication system, the receiver must be synchronized with the transmitter. Synchronization consists of an initial coarse synchronization, also known as acquisition, followed by a periodic synchronization, also known as tracking. There are many sources of error in acquiring synchronization, but the The disclosed embodiments address the issues of applying Doppler shift, multipath interference, and conventional SS Some of the more subtle influences that affect DS-CDMA are The nature of the Kutya EM pathway is relatively constrained and therefore non-existent.

[0260] The initial tip speed, also known as the repetition rate, is determined by the crystal oscillator or other The receiver has the added benefit of being controlled by a precise time source. With an oscillator or other accurate time source, the fundamental frequency may vary by only a few hundred ppm. In addition, the length of the pseudo-noise generating circuit is not excessively long, so that the repetition All these factors combined make it easy to implement and therefore This will be a low-cost system.

[0261] The coding / decoding system allows for the above simplifications to proceed through the lengthy initial acquisition procedure. The receiver operates at near the chip rate of the transmitter, and the P The relative phase of the N generators can be easily captured. In fact, the circuit implemented is simply the frequency of the transmitter circuit. Ability to change frequency to match number of receiver to transmitter with slight changes It is a tracking system that captures the relative phase of

[0262] The synchronization acquisition system takes the signal received from the medium as input and generates a PN signal local to the receiver. It can be described as a sliding correlator with the output from the generator. The PN generator is derived from a PLL or phase-locked loop with a narrow band of frequency diversity. driven, i.e., essentially operates near a target frequency and has a control band around that center frequency. The output from the sliding correlator is analyzed to determine whether the lock condition is achieved. , or if the frequency is too high or too low, the lock detector then Drives LL to speed up or slow down to stay the same in the feedback loop. Can.

[0263] The sliding correlator uses a sampled representation of the incoming signal and a digitized table. In either case, the correlation is expressed in digital logic. Another implementation of the sliding correlator is as switched analog circuitry. In this case, the incoming signal is sampled and the correlation is performed using switched analog circuitry. It will be carried out in.

[0264] One conventional technique in the acquisition process is to adjust the various taps or achieves overall phase alignment by searching through delays, and This achieves frequency alignment to the PLL. In an embodiment, the time required to search all available tops of the PN sequence generator is relatively short. Traditionally, you would search through the various tabs of a PN generator to find relatively close correlated spikes, then This correlation may be fine-tuned by changing the frequency of the PLL. , it becomes possible to achieve both coarse and fine adjustment. Since there are relatively no restrictions, you can change the frequency and adjust the PLL for coarse and fine tuning. By achieving both adjustments, it becomes possible to simply slide the phase.

[0265] According to a further embodiment, the transmitter sends a training sequence having predetermined characteristics, This training sequence can be used to facilitate synchronization acquisition and tracking. may occur at the beginning of each grouping, or may actually exist as a sub-band. , i.e., a further code that is orthogonal to all the codes in the codebook applied to the payload fragment. The training sequences are modulated by the BERT and transmitted simultaneously and continuously. The band acts as a probe of the EM characteristics of the EM path, which in turn determines the pre-emphasis. This may be referred to when adjusting the parameters of the signal correction circuit, such as the system. This signal is called a "probe signal." This probe signal is generated for a given k. may be held constant over k delivery intervals, and the associated code is k×L chip length. As with the payload samples in the input vector, this probe The signal is realized using either a discrete (digital) or continuous (pulsatile) representation. This strategy makes the probe tracking more resilient to noise, interference, and reflections. In this application, the probe signal is a constant frequency so that the channel attenuation can be measured directly. The probe signal can have any amplitude, making it particularly easy to acquire and track. It is likely.

[0266] Another preferred embodiment is the parallel correlation system shown in Figure 11. This system , analyze adjacent taps of the PN sequence generator. Three adjacent taps and their individual By studying the correlations associated with each tap, the lock detection algorithm is significantly improved. is simplified to

[0267] In a further embodiment, the receiver circuitry transmits phase-aligned and synchronized signals to the transmitter circuitry on independent sub-bands. By completing the control loop in this way, In one embodiment, the transmitter may perform a step between providing the probe signal and encoding the payload fragment. On initial startup, the transmitter circuitry receives the subband Transmits a probe signal until a signal is acquired. When a returned signal is received, the transmitting circuit The controller then starts transmitting data according to the received parameters. The system allows for a robust, self-calibrating LST.

[0268] LST optimization In an LST, the transmitter sends energy to the receiver through an EM path. contains one or more sampled signal fragments. For each set of payload fragments, LST assembles the input vector, encodes the input vector, and sends the signal to the incomplete EM pathway. , receives a signal from the other end of the EM path, and decodes the received signal into an output vector. , distribute the output vector to the reconstructed payload fragments. The accuracy of the correspondence between the force and the payload is determined entirely by the electrical content of the EM path and by the It is determined by the implementation of the coder and decoder assemblies.

[0269] The electrical quality of the EM pathway is similarly affected by physical variations in materials and assemblies, and environmental As a result, the signal received at the decoder assembly depends on both the The signal transmitted by the receiver assembly is different from the signal received. The difference can be due to, for example, roll-off, reflections due to impedance mismatches, and collisions with attackers. is determined by the signal.

[0270] A reconstructed payload signal 502 that is longer than a single distribution interval 102 may be divided into several parts. Over the course of the distribution interval, therefore, there are several decoding intervals 14 and corresponding several In a preferred embodiment, the coding is performed over the course of the transport interval 2. The code interval, distribution interval, N8, L10, codebook 356, and permutation of permutator 348 are included. The parameters that define the decoder assembly 328 include a single set of output vectors 352 A series of steps involved in processing a reconstructed payload sample 357 corresponding to the contents of In one embodiment of the decoder assembly, the decoding parameters All parameters are "hard coded" and cannot be changed. Decoding one output vector Since the decoding is logically independent of all previous and future output vectors, The parameters change from one output vector value in the payload sample to the next. Therefore, in another embodiment of the decoder assembly, the decoding parameters Any of the meters may, for example, determine payload characteristics, characteristics of the EM path 314, and / or Algorithmically controlled from one dispensing interval to the next in response to changing application requirements It may be changed to something.

[0271] In another embodiment of the analog version of the decoder assembly 328, the analog portion is switched The operation of this circuit is similar to that of a sample and hold circuit. Given the need for a multiplier circuit, a multiplier circuit, and pipelined operation, The analogy to ADC design should be obvious to those skilled in the art. One such implementation of the decoder assembly provides a continuous decoder assembly from binary through n-valued. Adaptable to arbitrary amplitude representations by simple selection of threshold levels in the pipeline operation of the Brillouin algorithm. In one embodiment, the decoder assembly is adapted to receive digital signals or drive signals. The design is parametrically reconfigurable to adapt to either the This allows for system flexibility.

[0272] FIG. 10 illustrates one acquisition and tracking circuit that can be described as a sliding correlator. 2 shows the architecture of one embodiment of the present invention. The input of interest is the received signal 214, and the The output is a clock signal 826. The circuit of FIG. A finely tuned PN generator 8 clocked by a phase-locked loop (PLL) 810 14. The PN generator is designed to have a narrow band of frequency diversity, i.e. That is, it essentially operates near a target frequency and has a control band around that center frequency. The output 824 from the locking correlator is analyzed by a correlation peak detector to determine if a lock condition is achieved. It is determined whether the lock is locked or not, or if the frequency is too high or too low. The clock detector then adjusts the PLL frequency to aid in synchronization.

[0273] The sliding correlator shown in FIG. 10 receives a sampled representation of the incoming signal and It can be realized either as a digital or digitized representation, in both cases the correlation is Another implementation of the sliding correlator is the switched analog circuit. It can be as a signal processing circuit, in which case the incoming signal is sampled and the correlation is switched. One embodiment is implemented with analog circuitry to change the frequency and adjust the PLL frequency. By achieving both coarse and fine adjustment by Adjust.

[0274] In an alternative embodiment, the encoder assembly 326 encodes the training sequence as a series of vectors. with known characteristics as a preamble to the signal transmission This training sequence may occur at the beginning of each vector transmission. It may be transmitted as a separate fragment along with the input payload fragment. By sending the probe sequence as a separate payload signal, the probe signal can Such characterization data allows for the characterization of the quality of the signal. In addition, the training sequence is also used for various signal correction parameters, such as It can be for a much longer period than a single collection interval, making it more resilient to noise and interference. In the present disclosure, it is possible to make the training sequence have a constant amplitude. Since the training sequence can be easily acquired, it is particularly useful for facilitating simple acquisition and tracking.

[0275] An example of a parallel correlation acquisition and tracking system is shown in Figure 11. This system uses a PN Analyze adjacent taps 902, 904, and 906 in constellation generator 814. The correlations associated with two adjacent taps simultaneously and each of those individual taps are By evaluating the spike detector 320, the lock detection algorithm is significantly It is simplified.

[0276] In a further embodiment, the receiver circuitry transmits phase-aligned and synchronized signals to the transmitter circuitry on independent sub-bands. By completing the control loop in this way, In one embodiment, the transmitter may perform a step between providing the probe signal and encoding the payload fragment. On initial startup, the transmitter circuitry receives the subband Transmits a probe signal until a signal is acquired. When a returned signal is received, the transmitting circuit The controller then starts transmitting data according to the received parameters. The system allows for a robust, self-calibrating LST.

[0277] FIG. 12 shows a simple round robin permutation of permuter 348, which produces N output vectors. Successive indices in the decoder output vector 352 are used until all the available positions are exhausted. The next sample 302 from each box, in turn, is a series of reconstructed payload fragments. , ω' are distributed to the next samples 804 of the next signal 502 at α', β', ..., ω'. There are potentially different numbers of samples per constructed payload fragment, and during one distribution interval The numbered circles indicate the content of the decoder output vector during the distribution interval. is distributed to the reassembled payload fragments. N samples are distributed.

[0278] There are N! equally good choices for the permutation of permutator 348, but the payload The conveyance is such that the permutation of the decoder 512 is the inverse of the permutation 510 of the encoder 510 (shown in other figures). The confirmation of the correspondence regarding such details is, as appropriate, are the subject of international standards rather than indications.

[0279] The scheme shown in Figure 12 applies to many possible types of signals. For example, For video, each sample is a color value (e.g., three per pixel (R / G / B)). Another example is a single payload signal consisting of the representation , which consists of interleaved color values ​​from several independent video signals Further examples include a wide variety of signals, such as video, audio, chemical, mechanical / tactile, etc. One embodiment of such a mixture is a combination of the signal from each payload signal during each transport time interval. / Different numbers of samples for each payload signal. Further examples include single or multiple are four types of signals (digital, analog, pulsatile, and neural) in combination. Examples include:

[0280] FIG. 13 shows the first carrier interval from the index in the 8-element decoder output vector. Shows the round-robin allocation of samples to the parallel RGB output video signals resulting from the reception are.

[0281] Figure 13 shows a particularly common special case of the general outline shown in Figure 12. In the example, the reconstructed payload consists of the R, G, and N is the output of the decoder 512. The number of elements in the vector 352, in this case 8. This example shows 1 shows round robin allocation during intervals.

[0282] In addition to the example starting with Figure 13, Figure 14 shows the round-robin allocation during the immediately following distribution interval. This shows the

[0283] Figure 15 shows the structure of a binary codebook, which is a subset of the identity matrix, when L=N+3. The chip index j 916 ranges horizontally across the page from 0 to L-1. The input / output vector index i 914 is then aligned vertically downwards in the drawing, starting from 0 It continues from N-1 to N-1.

[0284] Figure 16 shows the 127× An example of a 127 binary codebook is shown. In the figure, black squares correspond to a value of "1". The white squares correspond to a value of "-1". The matrix for pulsatile modulation is constructed at each step. It will be built.

[0285] 1. Show an example of an L×L identity matrix.

[0286] 2. Keep only the first N rows.

[0287] Converts entries of 3.0 to a value of -1.

[0288] 4. The result is an example codebook shown in FIG.

[0289] Figure 17 shows the Walsh-Hadamard matrix for a 128x128 binary codebook. An example is shown in the figure. In the figure, black squares correspond to a value of "1" and white squares correspond to a value of "-1". Equivalent.

[0290] Figure 18 shows a convolution of a Walsh-Hadamard matrix with a near-PN sequence. The figure shows an example of a 128x128 binary codebook that is constructed. A white square corresponds to a value of "1" and a white square corresponds to a value of "-1".

[0291] In one embodiment, the payload signals 500 and 502 are fully filled R / G / B color In the planar case, for example, the video signals shown in Figures 5, 6, 13, and 14 are included. FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment in which the subject matter of this disclosure is applied to a (type of) video system. The architecture shown in FIG. 19 includes a predetermined number C of cameras 516 and another predetermined number C of cameras 516. and a number D of displays 518. The architecture shown in FIG. 19 also includes a media processing The MPU then includes a video processor 536 and a video processor a non-volatile memory device 560 that the video processor uses to exchange stored signals 562; The processor communicates with the Internet 576 via Internet Protocol signals 546. and a wide area network interface 544 used to

[0292] The camera 516 shown in FIG. 19 includes a lens 520, which is used to direct incident light 528 The light is refracted to project focused light 534 onto a focal plane 554 occupied by an image sensor 522. The sensor produces an output signal 524 that includes an ordered sequence of light measurements, each measurement representing a point in the focal plane. Each measurement corresponds to a geometric position of the image sensor, and each measurement is captured during a predetermined image sensor exposure interval 4. In one pipeline balanced embodiment, the exposure interval of the image sensor is equal to the transport interval 2. The camera also includes an encoder assembly 326. 538 is an image sensor output A circuit that adapts the samples as an input payload signal to an encoder.

[0293] The output signal 524 of the image sensor 522 is pulsatile in nature and requires conversion to a digital signal. uses additional analog-to-digital converter circuitry, which may add fidelity. While this is unlikely, it certainly adds a non-zero manufacturing cost. The configuration directly conveys the pulsatile signal without requiring analog-to-digital conversion of the optical measurements, resulting in The objective is to transmit high-resolution video signals at the lowest cost compared to conventional configurations. Fits.

[0294] The display 518 shown in FIG. 19 includes a decoder assembly 328 and a The reassembled output (reconstructed display control signal fragments) is sent to the display element array controller 556. and circuitry 540 adapted to the input 526. The array controller provides a series of brightness controls. Each brightness control value is applied to a respective geometric location within the array of display elements 530 to generate a brightness control value 558. determining the brightness of the light-emitting element to be maintained during each predetermined display array update interval 6; In one embodiment where the pipeline is balanced, the update interval for the display array is The display array consists of elements that emit light 552, such as certain types of diodes. The observer's brain interprets this activity over time as a moving image.

[0295] In the video embodiment of FIG. 19, the centerpiece of the illustrated video system is a central processing The MPU 548 is based on the video processor 536. receives signals from all cameras 518 via LST 1, and the MPU receives signals from all cameras 518 via LST 1. All camera signals and displays 518 are sent to the system. Every play signal is independent of every other video signal in the system. A simple circuit 568 outputs a signal to each decoder assembly output 570 (reconstructed camera output signal fragments) to fit into the data format required by the video processor. Circuit 574 converts the prepared display input signal 566 into a data format for the video processor. From the formula, the input payload signal 566 is matched to the corresponding display. Paths 568 and 574 are well known in the art.

[0296] In one embodiment, the MPU 548 is configured to decrypt the stored content 562, Retrieving the compressed video signal 562 from memory 560 and storing it in non-volatile memory. and / or via a WAN modem 544 to an Internet Protocol signal 54 Perform various actions on the video, including exchanging 6 with the Internet 576 The bidirectional converter 542 occupies the data path of the video processor and the Ethernet packets. It converts the pulse or digital signal into a digital signal.

[0297] In one embodiment, the video processor 536 is a CPU. The processor is a GPU. The video processor is a digital data path or a pulse data The digital data path may be implemented using either an A / D converter or a and D / A for the output, and therefore inherently requires a video rather than a pulsatile data path. It is less efficient.

[0298] A wide range of common video systems are available, for example, with parameter variations of the outline shown in FIG. I realize something.

[0299] In one embodiment of a circa 1990 home entertainment system, C=0 means there is no camera. For D=1, the CRT display is placed in a box that is placed on a table. The MPU 548 is a tuner / amplifier circuit assembly, the EM path 314 is a coaxial cable, and the L ST 1 is PAL.

[0300] In one embodiment of a home entertainment system circa 2016, C=2 is used for the Kinect system. The system includes stereo monochrome computer vision. At D=1, the HDMI display The MPU 548 is used in, for example, Sony's PlayStation™ or For game consoles such as Microsoft's Xbox (trademark), EM Route 314 is an HDMI cable. , LST 1 is HDMI.

[0301] One possible embodiment of a home entertainment system, such as iVR™ ("Immersive Virtual Reality In the case of those incorporating "real world" (C=256), high resolution cameras provide 3D 360-degree better images. Provides visual input to enable full functionality of gesture and motion-based interfaces. Create a new region input. With D=2048, all solid walls, ceilings, and floors are Constructed from a flexible or flexible display panel. It is a computer-based extension of the Xbox or PlayStation. Path 314 is any American Wire Gauge (AWG) wire pair, LST 1 is the subject of this disclosure. This embodiment allows pixel-rich internet content to be This allows for a qualitatively different experience than what was expected.

[0302] In one embodiment of a passenger vehicle system, C=8 provides a variety of infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) and visible light sensors collect data for machine vision analysis for safety purposes. At D=4, the display is on the dashboard and on the front seats for rear seat passenger entertainment. The MPU 548 is an engine control unit (ECU). EM path 314 is CAT-3 and LST 1 is LVDS.

[0303] In one possible embodiment of a passenger car system, C=32 provides a variety of IR and UV and visible light sensors collect data for machine vision analytics and video aggregation for safety. Internet interaction is enabled for passengers. With D=64, control and boarding The display is mounted on all solid surfaces, as well as on exterior glass and dashboards, for both visual and customer enjoyment. The MPU 548 is the engine control unit (ECU). 314 is an inexpensive cable, and LST 1 is the subject of this disclosure. This allows passengers to enjoy the iVR entertainment experience, while the driver has the most convenient way to control the vehicle. A highly responsive head-up display can be utilized.

[0304] Retail visual signage video systems (e.g., fast food menus) In one embodiment, MPU 548 is a tower PC or server. 14 is CAT-5 / 6, and LST 1 is HDBaseT.

[0305] In one possible embodiment of a retail signage video system, the MPU 548 is a tower type PC or server. EM path 314 is any AWG wire pair, LST 1 is the subject of this disclosure. This embodiment allows display 518 to be connected to the MPU This allows for a single MPU to be placed further away from the Costs are reduced by making the cable adaptable to spray applications. It is much cheaper and easier to terminate such cables in the field (currently The massive barrier to HDMI makes iVR possible).

[0306] In one embodiment of the HD video surveillance system, the MPU 548 is a DVR. Line 314 is a coaxial cable and LST 1 is analog HD.

[0307] In one possible embodiment of an 8K video surveillance system, the MPU 548 is a DVR. EM path 314 is any AWG wire pair, LST 1 is the subject of this disclosure. The embodiment provides cost-effective delivery of high-resolution video over traditional infrastructure cabling. Communicate efficiently.

[0308] Other embodiments that can be illustrated as specific examples of parameters in the outline of FIG. , a circa 1970s film system with C=0 and D=1, and a Sara with C=0 and D=8. An example of a round-view system is a futuristic iVR movie system with C=64 and D=64. HD Rock Concert Video System with C=8 and D=8, and Incorporating video feeds of the customer, prepared video signals, and composited video signals 8K rock console with C=128 and D=128 for a high-resolution live experience Examples include the Cert Video System.

[0309] The subject matter of this disclosure can be used to generate a sampled signal 500 of any kind along an EM path 314. This is an aspect of LST 1 that transports video, audio, and other types of data signals. In many applications, the flow of information is directed along the EM path in the opposite direction to the flow of the primary payload information. For example, the MPU 548 shown in FIG. and benefit from the ability to send configuration information to sensors including cameras and microphones. The disclosed LST does not preclude low-bandwidth upstream communications.

[0310] The encoder assembly 326 encodes a vector of N samples per coding interval. When speaking of the number of coding intervals per second, f (so f=1 / code The throughput of the encoder assembly is Nf samples per second. , Lf samples per second are available to send to the EM path 314, where L≧ For example, 1920x1080 1080p60 HD video has 1920x1080 pixels per frame. Approximately 2 million pixels or 6 million samples per pixel, or RGB color space for each pixel. For coding, the frequency is 360 million samples per second. This gives Nf=360 It can be seen that e6 = 36e9. It is reasonably expected that Lf = 1GHz = 1e9. Therefore, N / L=36, or N=46 for L=128. The encoder assembly transmits an entire ordered sequence of output values ​​during delivery interval 1.

[0311] FIG. 20 shows the EM signal arriving from EM path 314 at input terminal 340 of decoder assembly 328. 1 shows an example oscilloscope trace of a signal reaching The horizontal scale is the oscilloscope measurement interval of 100 ps. The siroscope measurement interval corresponds to one chip interval τ.

[0312] Throughout the specification and the following claims, unless the context otherwise requires, and the words "comprise" and "include" and "comprise" and "include " includes the integer or integers presented, but any other integer or integers. It is understood to imply that no group is excluded.

[0313] Any reference to prior art in this specification is without prejudice to the fact that such prior art is part of the common general knowledge. is not, and shall not be construed as, an endorsement of any proposal to form It shouldn't be.

[0314] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited in its use to the particular applications described. In particular, some of the illustrated examples are for RGB full color images. However, the subject matter of this disclosure is chroma / luma separated (chroma subsampled). ) color spaces (e.g., YUV, YUV4:2:0, etc.), as well as monochrome (i.e., Y only) Any video payload signal or color space in the payload, including all variations The present invention is applicable regardless of the depth / number of The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments with respect to the elements and / or features of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to one or more disclosed embodiments, but is set forth in the following claims. Numerous rearrangements, modifications, and variations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth and defined. It will be appreciated that substitutions are possible.

Claims

1. 1. A method for transmitting an input payload of one or more sampled video signals over an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: collecting an input vector of N digital video samples from said one or more sampled video signals using a predetermined permutation; receiving, at a line driver, the N digital video samples as an ordered sequence of L digital video samples, where L≧N≧2; converting the L digital video samples into L analog video samples; transmitting the L analog video samples from a sender to a receiver over the electromagnetic propagation path; Including, The transmitting side and the receiving side are both mounted in a common housing of a video device, and L=N; encoding the N digital video samples into an ordered sequence of the L digital video samples by referencing a predetermined code set of N codes, each code having length L and each code associated with one of the N digital video samples; the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; A method characterized by:

2. The method of claim 1 further comprises: encoding the N digital video samples into an ordered sequence of the L digital video samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each code having length L and each code associated with one of the N digital video samples; A method characterized by:

3. 10. The method of claim 1, the video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; A method characterized by:

4. The method of claim 1 further comprises: continuously repeating said steps of collecting, receiving, converting and transmitting N successive digital video samples from said one or more sampled video signals; A method characterized by:

5. 1. A transmitter for transmitting an input payload of one or more sampled video signals over an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: a permuter that assigns digital video samples from the input payload using a predetermined permutation to positions of N input vectors, each of which receives one of the digital video samples; a line driver that receives the N digital video samples as an ordered sequence of L digital video samples, where L≧N≧2; a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for converting the L digital video samples into L analog video samples; an output terminal for transmitting the L analog video samples from the transmitter to a receiver over the electromagnetic propagation path; Equipped with the transmitter and the receiver are both mounted in a common housing of a video device, and L=N; an encoder for encoding the N digital video samples of said input vector into an ordered sequence of said L digital video samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N codes, each code having length L and each code associated with one of said samples; the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; A transmitter comprising:

6. The transmitter according to claim 5 further comprises: an encoder for encoding the N digital video samples of said input vector into an ordered sequence of said L digital video samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each code having length L and each associated with one of said samples; A transmitter comprising:

7. 6. The transmitter of claim 5, the video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; A transmitter comprising:

8. 6. The transmitter of claim 5, the permutator sequentially assigning digital video samples from the input payload to positions of the input vector; the line driver sequentially receives L digital video samples; The DAC converts L digital video samples sequentially; said output terminal continuously transmitting L analog video samples over an electromagnetic propagation path; A transmitter comprising:

9. 1. A method for receiving an ordered sequence of L analog video samples over an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: receiving, at a receiving line amplifier, the ordered sequence of L analog video samples from a transmitting side over the electromagnetic propagation path; receiving the L analog video samples into an output vector as N analog samples, where L≧N≧2; distributing the N analog video samples into reconstructed output payloads of one or more sampled video signals using a predetermined permutation that is the inverse of the permutation used at the transmitting end; delivering the reconstructed output payload of the one or more sampled video signals to a display of a video device; Including, the transmitting side and the receiving side are both mounted in a common housing of the video device, L=N; decoding the L analog video samples into an output vector of the N analog samples by referencing a predetermined code set of N codes, each code having length L and each associated with one of the samples; the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; A method characterized by:

10. The method of claim 9 further comprises: decoding the L analog video samples into the output vector of N analog samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each code having length L and each code associated with one of the samples; the predetermined code set is the same as the code set used to encode the ordered sequence of L analog video samples; A method characterized by:

11. 10. The method of claim 9, the video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; A method characterized by:

12. The method of claim 9 further comprises: continuously repeating the steps of receiving, distributing and delivering the ordered sequence to an output vector for L consecutive analog video samples from the electromagnetic propagation path; A method characterized by:

13. 1. A receiver for receiving an ordered sequence of L analog video samples over an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: an input terminal for receiving the ordered sequence of L analog video samples from a transmitter over the electromagnetic propagation path; an output vector that receives and stores the L analog video samples as N analog samples, where L≧N≧2; a permuter for distributing the N analog samples into a reconstructed output payload of one or more sampled video signals using a predetermined permutation that is the inverse of the permutation used at the transmitting side; Equipped with the transmitter and the receiver are both mounted in a common housing of a video device, L=N; a decoder for decoding the L analog video samples into an output vector of N analog samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N codes, each code having length L and each associated with one of the samples; the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; 1. A receiver comprising:

14. The receiver according to claim 13 further comprises: a decoder for decoding the L analog video samples into the output vector of N analog samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each code having length L and each associated with one of the samples; the predetermined code set is the same as the code set used to encode the ordered sequence of L analog video samples; 1. A receiver comprising:

15. 14. The receiver of claim 13, the video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; 1. A receiver comprising:

16. 14. The receiver of claim 13, the input terminal sequentially receives the ordered sequence of L analog video samples; The output vector sequentially receives and stores L analog video samples; the permutator distributing the N analog samples successively; 1. A receiver comprising:

17. 1. A method for transmitting an input payload of one or more sampled video signals over an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: collecting indexed input vectors of N samples from the one or more sampled video signals using a predetermined permutation; encoding the N samples of the indexed input vector into an ordered sequence of L video samples, where L≧N≧2, by reference to a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each code having length L and each associated with one of the samples; transmitting the encoded ordered sequence of L video samples as an ordered sequence of L analog video samples over the electromagnetic propagation path; Including, the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; A method characterized by:

18. 18. The method of claim 17, the sampled video signal includes analog samples; the encoded ordered sequence of L video samples is analog video samples; A method characterized by:

19. 18. The method of claim 17, the sampled video signal comprises digital video samples; The method further comprises: converting the ordered sequence of L encoded video samples into the ordered sequence of L analog video samples; A method characterized by:

20. 18. The method of claim 17, the electromagnetic propagation path terminates at a single sink video device; the single sink video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; A method characterized by:

21. 18. The method of claim 17, the one or more sampled video signals originating at a single source video device; the electromagnetic propagation path terminates at a single sink video device; the single source video device is a car camera; The single sink video device is an ECU (engine control unit) or an MPU (media processing unit) of the automobile; A method characterized by:

22. The method of claim 17 further comprises: continuously repeating said steps of collecting, encoding and transmitting N successive samples from said one or more sampled video signals; A method characterized by:

23. The method of claim 17 further comprises: transmitting the ordered sequence of L analog video samples over the electromagnetic propagation path to a single sink video device; A method characterized by:

24. 18. The method of claim 17, Each of the N codes is indexed; The method further comprises: a) modulating each sample of said indexed input vector by the value of the index of said code associated with said each sample; and b) adding up all the results of the modulations in sub-step a) to form one of said ordered sequences of L video samples; encoding the N samples for each of the L indices of the code by repeating substep (a) above; A method characterized by:

25. 1. A method for receiving an ordered sequence of L analog video samples from an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: at a receiving end, receiving the ordered sequence of L analog video samples from the electromagnetic propagation path; decoding the L analog video samples into an output vector of N samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each of length L, wherein the N codes are associated with one of the N samples, the predetermined code set being the same as the code set used to encode the ordered sequence of L analog video samples, and L≧N≧2; distributing the N samples from the output vector into one or more reconstructed sampled video signals using a predetermined permutation that is the inverse of the permutation used at the transmitting end corresponding to the receiving end; Including, the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; A method characterized by:

26. 26. The method of claim 25, The L video samples for decoding are analog video samples, The method further comprises: decoding the L video samples to produce an output vector of the N samples that are analog values; A method characterized by:

27. The method of claim 25 further comprises: converting the L video samples into L digital video samples; decoding the L digital video samples to produce an output vector of the N samples that are digital values; containing, A method characterized by:

28. 26. The method of claim 25, delivering the reconstructed one or more sampled video signals to a single sink video device; the single sink video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; A method characterized by:

29. 26. The method of claim 25, one or more sampled video signals corresponding to the reconstructed one or more sampled video signals originating at a single source video device; delivering the reconstructed one or more sampled video signals to a single sink video device; the single source video device is a car camera; The single sink video device is an ECU (engine control unit) or an MPU (media processing unit) of the automobile; A method characterized by:

30. The method of claim 25 further comprises: continuously repeating the steps of receiving, decoding and distributing for a sequence of L consecutive analog video samples; A method characterized by:

31. 26. The method of claim 25, the receiving side is located at a single sink video device; A method characterized by:

32. 26. The method of claim 25, Each of the N codes is indexed; The method further comprises: a) correlating the values ​​indexed by the L indices of the L video samples with the commonly indexed value of a code associated with the index of the output vector; b) adding the correlation result from sub-step a) to the contents of the correspondingly indexed output vector location to produce an added result; and c) storing the sum of sub-step b) in the output vector at the corresponding index; encoding the L video samples for each of the N indices of the output vector by repeating substep (a) above for each of the L indices; A method characterized by:

33. 1. An apparatus for transmitting an input payload of one or more sampled video signals over an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: a permuter that assigns samples from the input payload using a predetermined permutation to positions in N indexed input vectors, each of which receives one of the samples; an encoder that encodes the N samples of the indexed input vector into an ordered sequence of L video samples, where L≧N≧2, by referencing a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each code having length L and each associated with one of the N samples; an output terminal for transmitting the encoded ordered sequence of L video samples as an ordered sequence of L analog video samples over the electromagnetic propagation path; Equipped with the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; An apparatus characterized by:

34. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, the sampled video signal includes analog samples; the encoded ordered sequence of L video samples is analog video samples; An apparatus characterized by:

35. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, the sampled video signal comprises digital video samples; The apparatus further comprises: a digital-to-analog converter for converting the ordered sequence of L encoded video samples into an ordered sequence of L analog video samples; An apparatus characterized by:

36. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, the electromagnetic propagation path terminates at a single sink video device; the single sink video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; An apparatus characterized by:

37. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, the one or more sampled video signals originating at a single source video device; the electromagnetic propagation path terminates at a single sink video device; the single source video device is a car camera; The single sink video device is an ECU (engine control unit) or an MPU (media processing unit) of the automobile; An apparatus characterized by:

38. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, the permutator sequentially assigning samples from the input payload to positions of the indexed input vector; the encoder sequentially encodes N samples of the input vector using the code set; said output terminal continuously transmitting said coded ordered sequence of L video samples as an ordered sequence of L analog video samples over said electromagnetic propagation path; An apparatus characterized by:

39. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, the output terminal transmitting the ordered sequence of L analog video samples over the electromagnetic propagation path to a single sink video device; An apparatus characterized by:

40. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, Each of the N codes is indexed; The apparatus further comprises: N two-input modulators; an N-input adder for adding the outputs of the modulators; Equipped with each of said two input modulators is arranged to modulate, for each of L indices of said code, a corresponding sample of said input vector by a value of each of said L indices of said code which corresponds to a respective position of said input vector and is associated with a corresponding one of said samples; the adder adding results of the modulation for each of the L indices of the code to form one of the ordered sequences of the L video samples; An apparatus characterized by:

41. 1. An apparatus for receiving an ordered sequence of L analog video samples from an electromagnetic propagation path, comprising: at the receiving end, a receiving terminal for receiving the ordered sequence of L analog video samples from the electromagnetic propagation path; a decoder for decoding the L analog video samples into an output vector of N samples by reference to a predetermined code set of N mutually orthogonal codes, each of length L, wherein the N codes are each associated with one of the N samples, the predetermined code set being the same as the code set used to encode the ordered sequence of L analog video samples, and L≧N≧2; a permuter for distributing the N samples among one or more reconstructed sampled video signals using a predetermined permutation that is the inverse of the permutation used at a transmitting end corresponding to the receiving end; Equipped with the code set is an identity matrix, and chip values ​​of the code set are restricted to "1" or "0"; An apparatus characterized by:

42. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, the L video samples for decoding are analog video samples; the decoder decoding the L analog video samples to produce an output vector of the N samples that are analog values; An apparatus characterized by:

43. The apparatus of claim 41 further comprising: a digital-to-analog converter for converting the L analog video samples into L digital video samples; the decoder decoding the L digital video samples to produce an output vector of the N samples that are digital values; An apparatus characterized by:

44. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, one or more sampled video signals corresponding to the reconstructed one or more sampled video signals originating at a single source video device; delivering the reconstructed one or more sampled video signals to a single sink video device; An apparatus characterized by:

45. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, the single sink video device is a television, a video surveillance monitor, a monitor, a vehicle display, an in-car display, an in-train display, a retail sign, a retail display, a kiosk display, or an iVR display; An apparatus characterized by:

46. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, the single source video device is a car camera; The single sink video device is an ECU (engine control unit) or an MPU (media processing unit) of the automobile; An apparatus characterized by:

47. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, the receiving terminal sequentially receives an ordered sequence of L analog video samples; the decoder sequentially decodes L video samples using the predetermined code set; the permutator successively distributes N samples from the output vector to one or more reconstructed sampled video signals; An apparatus characterized by:

48. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, Each of the N codes is indexed; The apparatus further comprises: a series of N two-input correlators; a series of N two-input adder circuits; Equipped with the two-input correlators each associated with one of the N positions of the output vector, each having as one input the value of the ordered sequence of the L video samples and as another input the corresponding value of a code associated with one of the N positions; said two-input summing circuits each associated with one of said N positions, each having as one input the output of said corresponding two-input correlator and as another input the contents of said corresponding output vector position; An apparatus characterized by:

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