Apparatus and method for processing rotation-dependent measurements

Abstract

To provide a device capable of easily evaluating influence on a rotary shaft by a machine part.SOLUTION: A device for processing rotation-dependent measured values includes a data converter 60, a sequencing controller 46, and an output interface 62. Series of measured values MW, MX, and MS are supplied to the data converter 60 at constant time intervals of a measuring interval, the measured values are depend on rotation of a shaft, and at least one of the measured values is one angle value MW that indicates an angular position of the shaft. The data converter 60 uses one of the angle values MW as a reference angle value in order to subdivide rotation of the shaft into n sectors (SEC), and the data converter is configured to precisely determine one result value EW, EX, Es, and EV for each sector (SEC) according to the rotation of the shaft with respect to the series of measured values MW, MX, and MS in order to allocate received measured values MW, MX, and MS to the one sector (SEC). The result values EW, EX, ES, and EV are output to an output interface 62.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The invention relates to an apparatus for processing rotation-dependent measurements according to claim 1 and a corresponding method according to claim 8. [Background technology]

[0002] In automation technology, rotating shafts driven directly or indirectly by electric motors are the basis for many movement sequences. Even without external forces, rotating shafts can have an effect on machine components, for example by causing unbalanced mechanical vibrations. Furthermore, if external forces also act on the shaft, such effects are amplified many times, especially if the resonant frequencies of the machine components are affected.

[0003] A particularly sensitive technical area in this case is the high-precision machining of workpieces in machine tools, where the motor spindle is a critical component since it comprises a shaft that is operated at different speeds and is subjected to large lateral and dynamically variable forces depending on the machining step.

[0004] Take milling as an example. During operation, multiple forces are generated by the cutting process. These forces are affected by the feed rate and the number and condition of the milling tool teeth used. These can cause dynamic distortion of the shaft and have various negative effects on the machine tool.

[0005] To be able to analyze such effects, various sensors are used, such as, for example, acceleration sensors or structure-borne noise sensors to capture vibrations or strain gauges to detect strains.

[0006] Patent document 1 describes a method for monitoring the operating parameters of a machine tool. For this purpose, a number of measurements are carried out by means of sensors at regular time intervals and the measured values ​​are displayed graphically. The drawback of this method is that, especially at low speeds, a large number of measured values ​​are taken per shaft revolution, which makes their evaluation very memory- and computation-intensive. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] European Patent Application Publication No. 2924526 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a device that provides result data that allows the influence of a rotating shaft on a machine component to be easily evaluated. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] This problem is solved by a device according to claim 1.

[0010] An apparatus for processing rotation-dependent measurements is provided, the apparatus comprising a data converter, a sequence controller, and an output interface; The device comprises: the data converter is capable of being supplied with a series of measurements at regular time intervals of a measurement interval, the measurements being dependent on the rotation of the shaft, and at least one of the measurements being an angle value indicative of the angular position of the shaft; The data converter divides one revolution of the shaft into n sectors, and assigns the arriving measurement values ​​to one sector using one of the angle values ​​as a reference angle value, and for each sector, according to the revolution of the shaft for each series of measurement values, just One result value Decideand The result value can be output to the output interface.

[0011] Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for obtaining result data that allows the influence of a rotating shaft on a machine component to be easily evaluated.

[0012] This problem is solved by the method according to claim 8.

[0013] A method is contemplated for operating an apparatus for processing rotation-dependent measurements that includes a data converter, a sequence controller, and an output interface, the method comprising: the data converter is supplied with a series of measurements at regular time intervals of a measurement interval, the measurements being dependent on the rotation of the shaft, and at least one of the measurements being an angle value indicative of the angular position of the shaft; In the data converter, one revolution of the shaft is divided into n sectors, and using one of the angle values ​​as a reference angle value, the arriving measurement values ​​are assigned to one sector, and for each series of measurement values, according to the revolution of the shaft, just One result value Decided and The result value is output to the output interface.

[0014] Further advantages of the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention can be found in the dependent claims or the described embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1 shows a schematic diagram of a machine tool having a motor spindle; [Figure 2] 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention; [Figure 3] 3 shows a signal diagram for the embodiment of FIG. 2; [Figure 4] 1 shows a table of values ​​to illustrate the method according to the invention. [Figure 5A] 1 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a measurement system. [Figure 5B] 1 illustrates another embodiment of a measurement system. [Figure 5C] 1 illustrates another embodiment of a measurement system. [Figure 6A] 1 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a measurement system. [Figure 6B] 1 illustrates another embodiment of a measurement system. [Figure 7] 3 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention; [Figure 8] 3 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] In the following description, advantageous embodiments of the invention will be described in which the reference numbers of components and functional groups depicted in one figure are retained in the following figures.

[0017] FIG. 1 shows in a simplified manner a machine tool having a motor spindle 10. The central component is a spindle motor 1 with a shaft 2. A tool 4 (e.g. a milling tool) is arranged at one end of the shaft 2. A tool holder (not shown), e.g. a chuck or a hollow tool shank, is provided for fixing the tool 4 to the shaft 2. An angle measuring device 5 (rotary encoder) is also mechanically coupled to the shaft 2. This coupling is achieved via a mechanical link (not shown) connecting the rotatable shaft of the angle measuring device 5 to the shaft 2. In this way, the angular position of the shaft 2 and / or the number of rotations performed can be measured by the angle measuring device 5. The shaft 2 is supported in the housing of the spindle motor 1 by means of a rolling bearing.

[0018] During machining of the workpiece 6, the shaft 2 rotates at a variable rotational speed N, and the relative movement of the motor spindle 10 with respect to the workpiece 6 brings the tool 4 into contact with the workpiece 6. In this way, for example, during milling, the desired contour is milled out of the workpiece 6. The relative movement can take place along linear drive axes X, Y, Z, and also so-called swivel axes A, B are provided. As a result, in the example shown, movement in five axes of movement X, Y, Z, A, B is possible. The movements of the individual axes are controlled by servo drives (not shown), which drive the corresponding mechanical components. To determine the position of the respective axes of movement X, Y, Z, A, B, further position measuring devices 20X, 20Y, 20Z, 20A, 20B are provided on the machine tool.

[0019] Furthermore, the motor spindle 10 may be provided with a multi-position measuring device 8, the structure and function of which will be explained in conjunction with FIG.

[0020] The rotation of the shaft 2 can have various effects on the operation of the machine tool. Even if the tool 4 is not in contact with the workpiece 6, vibrations that depend on the rotational speed can occur due to shaft imbalance, bearing clearances in the rolling bearings, eccentricity errors, etc. The forces acting on the tool 4 when machining the workpiece 6 have an even more serious effect on the machine tool, often also in the form of mechanical vibrations.

[0021] Furthermore, the motor spindle 10 is equipped with sensors 30, by means of which further machine conditions can be measured, such as acceleration sensors, vibration sensors, structure-borne noise sensors, strain gauges, measuring resistors for measuring current, etc.

[0022] The measured values ​​of the angle measuring device 5, the position measuring devices 20X, 20Y, 20Z, 20A, 20B, the multi-position measuring device 8 and the sensor 30 can be transmitted via suitable cables to a control device 40. The control device 40 is provided with interfaces for connecting the cables and is used to capture and process the measured values.

[0023] FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the device according to the invention, based on the machine architecture shown in FIG.

[0024] The core function of the device according to the invention is the processing of a series of rotation-dependent measurement values. These are measurement values ​​that can be affected by the rotation of the shaft 2. These are measurement values ​​that are affected not only by obvious effects such as changes in the angular position of the shaft 2 itself, but also by forces generated by the rotating shaft 2 itself or acting on the shaft 2 during machine operation. Various measurement systems are provided to measure and provide the measurement values. A first measurement system 70 is suitable for measuring the angular position of the shaft 2. This first measurement system comprises an angle measuring device 5, a data transmission channel 50, and a data interface 43. Furthermore, two further measurement systems 80, 90 are provided. The second measurement system 80, in contrast to the position measuring devices 20X, 20Y, 20Z, 20A, 20B shown in FIG. 1, comprises instead a position measuring device 20X for measuring the movement in the direction of the movement axis X, and a third measurement system 90 with a (digital) sensor 30 as a measuring device. The second measurement system 80 and the third measurement system 90 also have data transmission channels 51, 52 and data interfaces 44, 45, respectively.

[0025] The choice of the position measuring device 20X is arbitrary and not limiting. Naturally, each position measuring device 20X, 20Y, 20Z, 20A, 20B (which position measuring device should investigate the influence of the position measuring device by the rotating shaft 2) can be used as a measuring part of a further measuring system.

[0026] A measuring system within the scope of the present invention is activated by an external signal and comprises all components required to perform a number of measurements and to digitally provide or output the determined measured values. The assemblies each comprise at least one measuring device, a transmission channel, and an interface. Using the at least one measuring device, at least one measured variable to be examined can be ascertained and, depending on the design of the measuring device, can be supplied to the interface via the transmission channel in the form of a digital measured value and / or a measurement signal to be evaluated.

[0027] In the first measuring system 70, the angular position of the shaft 2 can be measured by an angle measuring device 5, which is implemented as a so-called absolute angle measuring device. The angle measurement is initiated by sending a request command RQW from the data interface 43 to the angle measuring device 5 via the data transmission channel 50. The resulting angle value MW is transmitted in the opposite direction from the angle measuring device 5 to the data interface 43 via the data transmission channel 50.

[0028] Similarly, a position value MX can be measured by the second measuring system 80 using the position measuring device 20X and transmitted to and via the data transmission channel 51 to the data interface 44. The measurement is initiated by a request command RQX.

[0029] The sensor 30 in the third measurement system 90 is implemented as a digital sensor, so that a measurement is also made upon arrival of a request command RQS, the transmission of which to the data interface 45 is made via the data transmission channel 52 .

[0030] The control device 40 comprises a sequence controller 46, a data converter 60 and an output interface 62. Furthermore, the data interfaces 43 to 45 of the measurement systems 70, 80, 90 are part of the control device 40.

[0031] In the example described, all data interfaces are designed for point-to-point data transmission, i.e. the data interfaces 43 to 45 communicate with the associated digital measuring devices (angle measuring device 5, position measuring device 20X and sensor 30) via corresponding data transmission channels 50 to 52.

[0032] The sequence controller 46 generates measurement pulses MP at regular time intervals and supplies them to the measurement systems 70, 80, 90 via a signal cable 47. The data interfaces 43 to 45 then send request commands RQW, RQX, RQS for the angle measuring device 5, the position measuring device 20X, and the sensor 30, whereby the measured values ​​MW, MX, MS that arrive at the respective data interfaces 43, 44, 45 as a result of the request commands RQW, RQX, RQS requesting measured values ​​via the data interfaces 43, 44, 45 are supplied to the data converter 60. This procedure results in a series of measured values ​​in which the individual measured values ​​MW, MX, MS of the measurement systems 70, 80, 90 are measured approximately simultaneously, i.e. the measured values ​​MW, MX, MS are time-based.

[0033] It should be mentioned at this point that using the same data interface is not a requirement. Rather, all data interfaces that support request commands are suitable, and the request commands can be represented by any signal or any signal sequence. The medium on which the data transmission channels 50, 51, 52 are formed is also arbitrary. For example, they can be electric wires, light guides, or wireless connections. In the case of electric wires, the signal transmission can be differential, for example, according to the known RS-485 standard. As a result, there can be one pair of lines for the bidirectionally operating data channels and possibly another pair of lines for a clock signal channel.

[0034] The data converter 60 then converts the time-based measurements produced by the measurement systems 70, 80, 90 into virtual result values ​​on an angle-based basis. For this purpose, one revolution of the shaft 2 is divided into n sectors and a virtual, angle-based measurement is determined for each of the n sectors. The measurement MW of the measurement system 70 is used as a reference for the current angular position of the shaft 2, which is the basis for the assignment of each current sector.

[0035] The resulting values ​​are output to an output interface 62, from which they can be output to subsequent electronic equipment for further evaluation. Advantageously, the resulting values ​​can be stored in the output interface 62, so that output can also take place at a later point in time.

[0036] In summary, the control device 40 forms a measurement module, which is provided with an interface for connecting a measurement device via a suitable transmission channel, as well as processing means for processing the measured values ​​determined according to the invention into result values ​​and an output interface for outputting these result values. In this case, the control device 40 may be an independent device, but it may also be implemented as a measurement module of a mechanical controller.

[0037] FIG. 3 shows a signal diagram for the embodiment shown in FIG.

[0038] The top line of the signal diagram shows measurement pulses MP, which are output from the sequence controller 46 to the measurement systems 70, 80, 90 at regular measurement intervals T via a signal cable 47. The arrival of a measurement pulse MP can be recognized by monitoring the respective signal characteristics, for example by the arrival of a defined signal edge or a change in signal level.

[0039] The following columns symbolically show the communication following the arrival of a measurement pulse MP in the measurement systems 70, 80, 90 via the data transmission channels 50 to 52, with signals in the direction of the angle measuring device 5, the position measuring device 20X and the sensor 30 shown in the area above the horizontal line, while signals in the direction of the data interfaces 43 to 45 are shown below the horizontal line. This diagram does not allow one to infer either the signal polarity or the number of transmission lines intended for transmission.

[0040] Thus, when a measurement pulse MP arrives, the data interfaces 43 to 45 send request commands RQW, RQX, RQS via the data transmission channels 50 to 52 directly to the corresponding measuring devices, i.e., angle measuring device 5, position measuring device 20X and sensor 30. These then likewise perform quasi-simultaneous measurements and generate and send to the data interfaces 43 to 45 the resulting measurement values ​​(angle values ​​MW, position values ​​MX and sensor values ​​MS).

[0041] The types of request commands RQW, RQX, RQS are interface-specific. As shown in Figure 3, data interfaces are known in which the request commands RQW, RQX, RQS are defined data words (command words). In the case of other data interfaces, the arrival of a signal edge is already interpreted as a request command RQW, RQX, RQS.

[0042] The measurements MW, MX, MS are output from the measurement systems 70, 80, 90 to a data converter 60 for further processing.

[0043] The result value is determined in the data converter 60 on the basis of the arriving measurements MW, MX, MS. In the following, a suitable and preferred method for this purpose is explained on the basis of FIG.

[0044] 4 shows a first table containing successively measured values ​​MW, MX, MS, where the angle value MW is shown in degrees (°) and the position value MX is shown in millimeters (mm), and the sensor value MS is assumed to be unitless, e.g., as an integer value with a 16-bit range value. Furthermore, FIG. 4 shows a second table containing result values ​​EW, EX, ES determined by a data converter from the values ​​of the first table.

[0045] For the following embodiment, it is assumed that one revolution of shaft 2 is equally divided into 120 similar sectors SEC. Each sector SEC therefore encompasses an angular range of 3°. The sector SEC to which the currently measured measurements MW, MX, MS are assigned is determined by the angle value MW, which is used as a reference angle value. Thus, for example, the angle values ​​MW having table values ​​0.9° and 2.1° are assigned to sector 1. This means that the position values ​​MX having table values ​​113.43 mm and 114.98 mm and the sensor values ​​MS having table values ​​5854 and 5850, respectively, are assigned to sector 1, since they were measured at the same time as the corresponding angle values ​​MW.

[0046] According to the invention, the data converter 60 determines one result value per sector SEC from a measurement series of at least one of the measurement systems 70, 80, 90. As well as the measurement values ​​(angle values ​​MW, position values ​​MX, sensor values ​​MS), these result values ​​are each marked with the reference symbols EW, EX, ES, each supplemented by the sector number.

[0047] The following methods for determining the result value have proven particularly advantageous:

[0048] The first method is to select the first measurement value after the sector change (or the last measurement value before the sector change) as the result values ​​EW, EX, ES. This method is particularly simple since no calculations are required. It is advantageous to select the measurement interval T such that several measurement values ​​MW, MX, MS are measured per sector SEC during operation. In the simple example described, an angle result value EW1=0.9°, a position result value EX1=113.43 mm, and a sensor result value ES1=5854 occur when selecting the first measurement value after the sector change for sector SEC=1 in the positive direction of rotation.

[0049] In the second method, the respective average values ​​of all measured values ​​MW, MX, MS within one sector SEC are formed as result values ​​EW, EX, ES. This method can be used when at least two measured values ​​MW, MX, MS are measured per sector SEC. A particular advantage of this method is that low-pass filtering of the measured values ​​MW, MX, MS is achieved. Here, for sector SEC=1, this results in an angle result value EW1=1.5°, a position result value EX1=114.205 mm, and a sensor result value ES1=5852.

[0050] The third method is based on calculating virtual measurement values ​​EW, EX, ES for the angular position at the center of the current sector SEC from at least two measurement values ​​MW, MX, MS within the sector SEC. Any suitable calculation method can be used here, in particular an interpolation method such as linear interpolation, polynomial interpolation, or spline interpolation. This method reduces the jumps between the result values ​​EW, EX, ES (which are related to the rotational movement of the shaft 2 and result in asynchronous measurement of the measurement values ​​MW, MX, MS (jitter)) and is therefore very precise. For example, linear interpolation results in an angle result value EW1 = 1.5°, a position result value EX1 = 114.205 mm, and a sensor result value ES1 = 5852 for sector SEC = 1 (calculating the sector midpoint to 1.5°).

[0051] In all methods, the assignment of measurements MW, MX, MS to sectors SEC is based on the angle value MW measured by the measurement system 70 as a reference angle value.

[0052] The determined and provided result values ​​EW, EX, ES can be output via an output interface 62 to subsequent electronic equipment (not shown) for further evaluation. Alternatively, the output interface 62 can be implemented as a graphic interface to which a display device, for example a monitor, can be connected, on which the progression of the result values ​​EW, EX, ES can be displayed graphically. In this case, the progression of the result values ​​EW, EX, ES can be visually evaluated or judged by an observer.

[0053] Figures 5A to 5C show further advantageous embodiments of the measurement system, in which the measurement system described in Figures 5A and 5B can, for example, replace measurement system 80 of Figure 2 and can be used instead of measurement system 90 in Figure 5C.

[0054] 5A comprises an incremental encoder 120, whose analog position signals sin, cos, ref are fed to the processing interface 144 via a signal transmission channel 151. The incremental encoder 120 can be implemented as an angle measuring device (rotary encoder) or as a length measuring device.

[0055] The position signals sin, cos, and ref of the incremental encoder 120 are generated by scanning a regular graduation structure, as is known in the art. At a constant speed or speed of movement, the position signals sin and cos are approximately sinusoidal and exhibit a 90° phase shift relative to one another. The number of graduation periods of the graduation structure corresponds to the number of signal periods of the position signals sin and cos. Position determination is therefore possible by evaluating the position signals sin and cos together with the position signal ref, which defines a reference position.

[0056] The processing interface 144 determines the current position value MX with respect to the reference position by evaluating (measuring) the signal period of the position signals sin, cos, possibly a part of the signal period (interpolation).

[0057] Now, when a measurement pulse MP arrives, the further measurement system 180 outputs the current position value MX via the processing interface 144 .

[0058] The measurement system 280 depicted in Figure 5B also comprises an incremental encoder 220. However, unlike Figure 5A, it outputs digital position signals A, B, R to the processing interface 244 via a signal transmission channel 251.

[0059] The position signals A and B are rectangular but are phase shifted by 90° from each other. The position signal R is used to determine the reference position and is in this case rectangular as well.

[0060] The processing interface 244 determines the current position value MX by counting the signal periods or signal edges of the position signals A, B relative to a reference position.

[0061] Here too, the further measurement system 280 outputs the current position value MX via the processing interface 244 after the arrival of the measurement pulse MP.

[0062] A further measurement system 190 from FIG. 5C comprises an analog sensor 130 whose analog sensor signal S is fed to a processing interface 145 via a signal transmission channel 152 .

[0063] The analog sensor 130 may comprise an electrical circuit or any component that converts the variable to be measured into an electrical signal. It may include a variable resistor, for example a strain gauge (DMS), or may also include a constant measuring resistor, for example a constant measuring resistor for measuring the motor current of the spindle motor 1.

[0064] The processing interface 145 is suitably configured to generate and output the sensor values ​​MS from the sensor signals S again after the arrival of the measurement pulses MP. For this purpose, an A / D converter and an arithmetic circuit may be provided.

[0065] 6A and 6B show an alternative embodiment of a measurement system that can replace measurement system 70 in FIG.

[0066] The measuring system 170 depicted in Fig. 6A corresponds to the measuring system 180 depicted in Fig. 5A. However, since this measuring system is used to measure the angular position of the shaft 2, the measuring device is limited in this case to an incremental rotary encoder 105, whose analog position signals sin, cos, ref are supplied to the processing interface 143 via the signal transmission channel 150. Like the measuring system 70, the measuring system 170 outputs an angle value MW as a result of the arrival of one measuring pulse MP.

[0067] In comparison with Figure 6A and similar to Figure 5B, the measurement system 270 comprises an incremental rotary encoder 205 which outputs digital position signals A, B, R via a signal transmission channel 250 to a processing interface 243. Again, the arrival of a measurement pulse MP causes the output of an angle value MW.

[0068] 7 shows the basic structure of a multi-position measuring device 8. This multi-position measuring device 8 comprises a measuring graduation 12 and three scanning heads 14, 15, 16.

[0069] The measuring graduation 12 is arranged in the form of a ring around the shaft 2 and is connected to it in a rotationally immovable manner. The measuring graduation can be formed directly on the shaft 2, for example as a series of magnetic fields. Alternatively, the measuring graduation can be arranged on a graduation carrier, which is connected to the shaft 2. In this way, the measuring graduation 12 moves past the measuring heads 14, 15, 16 when the shaft 2 rotates.

[0070] The scanning heads 14, 15, 16 are statically mounted relative to the shaft 2, for example, because they are connected to the housing of the motor spindle 10. As carriers for the scanning heads 14, 15, 16, approximately ring-shaped carrier elements can be provided which surround the shaft 2. Advantageously, the scanning heads 14, 15, 16 are distributed around the circumference of the shaft 2 at regular angular intervals, resulting in an ideal (but not necessarily) angular interval of 120° for the three scanning heads 14, 15, 16.

[0071] In a simpler variation, only two measuring heads can be used, in which case an angular spacing of 180° is preferred.

[0072] The scanning heads 14, 15, 16 are suitably configured for scanning the measuring graduation 12 and for obtaining therefrom position-dependent signals, from which the angular position of the shaft 2 can be determined. Various physical scanning principles that can be used here are known, in particular magnetic, optical or inductive scanning principles.

[0073] In the described embodiment, the scanning heads 14, 15, 16 together with the measuring graduation 12 are implemented as an absolute measuring device, i.e., scanning of the measuring graduation 12 by the scanning heads 14, 15, 16 results in digital angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3.

[0074] In an ideal arrangement and in the case of perfect concentricity of the shaft 2, the scanning heads 14, 15, 16 measure the same angular position or the angle values ​​MW2, MW3 measured by the scanning heads 15, 16 have a constant offset of 120° or 240° with respect to the angle value MW1 of the first scanning head 14.

[0075] In contrast, in actual operation, for example, during milling of a workpiece 6 with the motor spindle 10, forces act radially on the shaft 2 and deflect the shaft 2 relative to the stationary scanning heads 14, 15, 16. (Instead of the complex force curves that arise during the machining process on the rotating shaft 2, in FIG. 7 only the center of rotation M and the force vector F are symbolized, which moves the shaft 2 from its ideal position to the center of rotation M' and its operating position, shown by the dashed line.) This, in turn, affects the measured angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3, so that evaluation of the errors in the angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3 resulting from deflections of the shaft 2 makes it possible to back-estimate the forces that occur or the dynamic force curves. In particular, the course of the displacement of the shaft 2 can be calculated from the course of the angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3.

[0076] 7 thus comprises two measurement systems 370, 380. The measurement system 370 comprises a first scanning head 14 and is connected to a data interface 343 by means of a data transmission channel 351. To start a measurement, the data interface 343 sends a request command RQW1 to the scanning head 14, which then performs the measurement and transmits the angle value MW1 to the data interface 343. As in the previous embodiment, the measurement process is triggered by a measurement pulse MP, which is supplied to the measurement system 370 by the sequence control 46.

[0077] The measurement system 380 comprises a second scan head 15 and a third scan head 16, both of which are connected to a bus interface 344 via a data transmission channel 352. The bus interface 344 is able to communicate with both scan heads 15, 16. As a result, the bus interface 344 sends a first request command RQW2 to the scan head 15 and a second request command RQW3 to the scan head 16 in order to start a measurement. Alternatively, a common request command can be provided to start a measurement, which is sent (broadcast) to both scan heads 15, 16.

[0078] Thus, one bus interface 344 can be used simultaneously to connect at least two digital measurement devices, in this case the scanning heads 15, 16. Furthermore, the scanning heads 15, 16 transmit the measured angle values ​​MW2, MW3 back to the bus interface 344. Thus, unlike the previously described measurement systems, the measurement system 380 is configured to measure and output two measurement values, in particular the two angle values ​​MW2, MW3.

[0079] The data interface 343 and the bus interface 344 are disposed in the control device 340. The control device 340 further includes a sequence control unit 46, a data converter 60, an output interface 62 (this output interface 62 has already been described in conjunction with FIG. 2), and a calculation unit 64.

[0080] In this embodiment, the angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3 measured by the measurement systems 370, 380 are not supplied directly to the data converter 60 but to the calculation unit 64. The calculation unit 64 calculates an intermediate value Z, which indicates the progress of the deflection of the shaft 2, from the progress of the angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3.

[0081] As with the measurement of angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3, the calculation of intermediate value Z is performed on a time pattern of measurement pulses MP. This results in a series of intermediate values ​​that are supplied as measurements to data converter 60, which converts the series of intermediate values ​​into angle-based displacement result values ​​EV, i.e., one displacement result value EV per sector SEC.

[0082] As the reference angle value MW taken into account for determining each current sector SEC, in this embodiment the angle value MW1 measured by the scanning head 14 is supplied to the data converter 60. This is then advantageous if measurement errors resulting from the displacement of the shaft 2 in the measurement of the angle value MW1 can be tolerated for further evaluation.

[0083] FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the measuring system according to the invention. It differs from the measuring system of FIG. 7 only in the formation of the reference angle value MW. For this purpose, the control device 440 is provided with a second calculation unit 66, to which the angle values ​​MW1, MW2, and MW3 are supplied. The second calculation unit 66 calculates the corrected angle value MW as an intermediate value from the angle values ​​MW1, MW2, and MW3, for example by averaging. This corrected angle value MW becomes the reference angle value in the data converter. In this way, the determination of the current sector SEC in the data converter is independent of the shaft displacement. As a result, even greater accuracy of the result is achieved.

[0084] Of course, when calculating the reference angle value MW, one must take into account the offset between the angle values ​​MW1, MW2, MW3, which is limited to 120° or 240° depending on the arrangement of the scanning heads 14, 15, 16.

[0085] It is also possible for the position measuring device 8 to have further scanning heads (a fourth scanning head 114 is shown), which are indicated only by dashed lines in Fig. 8. These may measure displacements above or below the plane of the drawing of the shaft or measuring graduation 12 if the measuring graduation 12 has a graduation structure that allows measurement in a vertical measurement direction. The measured values ​​of the further scanning heads may be supplied directly to a data converter and converted therefrom into angle-based result values, but they may also be supplied to the calculation units 64, 66 for consideration when calculating the intermediate value Z and / or the reference angle value MW.

[0086] As suggested, communication with another scan head can be via a bus connection (in which case data interface 343 should be implemented as a bus interface) or via a separate data interface.

[0087] Alternatively, each measuring head 14, 15, 16 may also be suitably configured to measure displacements and angular values ​​perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

[0088] The measuring heads 14, 15, 16, together with the respective (absolutely coded) measuring graduation 12, form an absolute (digital) measuring device. Alternatively, it should be mentioned that incremental measuring graduations can also be used, so that an incremental rotary encoder can be formed together with measuring heads suitable for evaluating incremental signals. In a further consistent embodiment, if a processing interface is used instead of the data interface 343 or the bus interface 344, three measuring systems corresponding to the embodiments of Fig. 6A or 6B result.

[0089] The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but rather can be implemented alternatively by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims.

[0090] Likewise, the present invention is not limited to use in conjunction with milling machine tools. The present invention can be advantageously used in all machines and installations where the influence of a rotating shaft on various components of the machine or installation under consideration must be analyzed. In addition to milling machines, machines for grinding, turning, or conveyor systems, among others, can also be evaluated. The present application relates to the invention described in the claims, but also includes the following as other aspects. 1. 1. An apparatus for processing rotation-dependent measurements, comprising a data converter (60), a sequence controller (46), and an output interface (62), the apparatus comprising: the data converter (60) is capable of supplying a series of measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) at regular time intervals of a measurement interval (T), the measurements being dependent on the rotation of the shaft (2), and at least one of the measurements being an angle value (MW, MW1, MW2, MW3) indicative of the angular position of the shaft (2); the data converter (60) is configured to divide one rotation of the shaft (2) into n sectors (SEC), to assign the arriving measurement values ​​(MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) to one sector (SEC) using one of the angle values ​​(MW, MW1) as a reference angle value, and to determine exactly one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) for each sector (SEC) depending on the rotation of the shaft (2) for each series of measurement values ​​(MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z), and is capable of outputting the result values ​​(EW, EX, ES, EV) to an output interface (62). 2. At least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) is provided, the measurement system comprising an interface (43, 44, 45, 143, 144, 145, 243, 244, 342, 344), a transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 150, 151, 152, 250, 251, 351, 352) and a measurement device; and 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that measurement pulses (MP) are supplied to the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) at time intervals of a measurement interval (T), and the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) generates and outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) upon the arrival of the measurement pulse (MP). 3. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein at least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370) outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) to a data converter (60). 4. The apparatus described in 1 or 2 above, characterized in that the measurement system (370, 380) outputs at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) to the calculation unit (64, 66), and the calculation unit (64, 66) calculates an intermediate value (Z, MW) from the at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) and outputs it to the data conversion unit (60). 5. 5. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 370) comprises a data interface (43, 44, 45, 342) connected to the digital measurement device (5, 15, 20X, 30) via a data transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 351, 352). 6. 5. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the measurement system (105, 120, 205, 220, 130) comprises a processing interface (143, 144, 145, 243, 244) connected to an incremental encoder (105, 120, 205, 220) or an analog sensor (130) via a signal transmission channel (150, 151, 152, 250, 251). 7. 5. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the measurement system (380) comprises a bus interface (344) connected to at least two digital measurement devices (15, 16) via a data transmission channel (352). 8. 1. A method for processing rotation-dependent measurements using an apparatus comprising a data converter (60), a sequence control (46), and an output interface (62), comprising: The method comprises: the data converter (60) is supplied with a series of measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) at regular time intervals (T) of a measurement interval, these measurements being dependent on the rotation of the shaft (2), and at least one of these measurements being an angle value (MW, MW1, MW2, MW3) indicative of the angular position of the shaft (2); In the data converter (60), one revolution of the shaft is divided into n sectors (SEC), and using one of the angle values ​​(MW, MW1) as a reference angle value, the arriving measurement values ​​(MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) are assigned to one sector (SEC), and for each series of measurement values ​​(MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) exactly one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) is determined for each sector (SEC) as a function of the revolution of the shaft (2), and The result values ​​(EW, EX, ES, EV) are output to the output interface (62); A method characterized by: 9. At least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) is provided, the measurement system comprising an interface (43, 44, 45, 143, 144, 145, 243, 244, 342, 344), a transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 150, 151, 152, 250, 251, 351, 352) and a measurement device; and 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that measurement pulses (MP) are supplied to the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) at time intervals of a measurement interval (T), and the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) generates and outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) upon the arrival of the measurement pulse (MP). 10. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein at least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370) outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) to a data converter (60). 11. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the measurement system (370, 380) outputs at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) to the calculation unit (64, 66), and the calculation unit (64, 66) calculates an intermediate value (Z, MW) from the at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) and outputs it to the data conversion unit (60). 12. 12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 370) comprises a data interface (43, 44, 45, 342) connected to the digital measurement device (5, 15, 20X, 30) via a data transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 351, 352). 13. 12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the measurement system (105, 120, 205, 220, 130) comprises a processing interface (143, 144, 145, 243, 244) connected to the incremental encoder (105, 120, 205, 220) or analog sensor (130) via a signal transmission channel (150, 151, 152, 250, 251). 14. 12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the measurement system (380) comprises a bus interface (344) connected to at least two digital measurement devices (15, 16) via a data transmission channel (352). 15. The allocation of measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) to sectors (SEC) to form result values ​​(EW, EX, ES, EV) is carried out in at least one of the following ways: Selecting the last measurement value (MW, MX, MS) before the sector change or the first measurement value (MW, MX, MS) after the sector change as the result value (EW, EX, ES), The average of all measurements (MW, MX, MS) within one sector (SEC) is formed as the result (EW, EX, ES), Calculation of virtual measurements of the angular position at the center of the current sector (SEC) as result values ​​(EW, EX, ES) from at least two measurements (MW, MX, MS) within the sector (SEC); 15. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that:

Claims

1. An apparatus for processing rotation-dependent measurements, comprising a data converter (60), a sequence controller (46), and an output interface (62), the apparatus comprising: the data converter (60) is capable of being supplied with a series of measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) at regular time intervals of a measurement interval (T), these measurements being dependent on the rotation of the shaft (2), and at least one of the measurements being an angle value (MW, MW1, MW2, MW3) indicative of the angular position of the shaft (2); the data converter (60) is configured to divide one revolution of the shaft (2) into n sectors (SEC) and to assign the arriving measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) to one sector (SEC) using one of the angle values ​​(MW, MW1) as a reference angle value, and to determine exactly one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) for each sector (SEC) depending on the revolution of the shaft (2) for each series of measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z); and is capable of outputting the result values ​​(EW, EX, ES, EV) to the output interface (62); a) the exact one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) is the first measurement (MW, MX, MS) after a sector change or the last measurement (MW, MX, MS) before a sector change, or b) the exact one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) is the average value of all measurements (MW, MX, MS) within one sector (SEC), or c) the exact one result value (EW, EX, ES) is a virtual measurement of the angular position at the center of the current sector (SEC) calculated from at least two measurements (MW, MX, MS) within the sector (SEC); An apparatus characterized in that

2. At least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) is provided, the measurement system comprising an interface (43, 44, 45, 143, 144, 145, 243, 244, 342, 344), a transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 150, 151, 152, 250, 251, 351, 352) and a measurement device; and 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein measurement pulses (MP) are supplied to the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) at time intervals of a measurement interval (T), and the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) generates and outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) upon the arrival of the measurement pulse (MP).

3. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370) outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) to the data converter (60).

4. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement system (370, 380) outputs at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) to the calculation unit (64, 66), and the calculation unit (64, 66) calculates an intermediate value (Z, MW) from the at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) and outputs it to the data conversion unit (60).

5. 5. The device according to claim 2, wherein the measuring system (70, 80, 90, 370) comprises a data interface (43, 44, 45, 342) connected to a digital measuring device (5, 15, 20X, 30) via a data transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 351, 352).

6. 5. The device according to claim 2, wherein the measurement system (105, 120, 205, 220, 130) comprises a processing interface (143, 144, 145, 243, 244) connected to an incremental encoder (105, 120, 205, 220) or an analog sensor (130) via a signal transmission channel (150, 151, 152, 250, 251).

7. 5. The device according to claim 2, wherein the measurement system (380) comprises a bus interface (344) connected to at least two digital measurement devices (15, 16) via a data transmission channel (352).

8. A method for processing rotation-dependent measurements using an apparatus comprising a data converter (60), a sequence control (46) and an output interface (62), comprising: The method comprises: the data converter (60) is supplied with a series of measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) at regular time intervals (T) of the measurement interval, these measurements being dependent on the rotation of the shaft (2), and at least one of these measurements being an angle value (MW, MW1, MW2, MW3) indicative of the angular position of the shaft (2); In the data converter (60), one revolution of the shaft is divided into n sectors (SEC) and, using one of the angle values ​​(MW, MW1) as a reference angle value, the arriving measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z) are assigned to one sector (SEC) and, depending on the revolution of the shaft (2) for each series of measurements (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3, Z), exactly one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) is determined for each sector (SEC), and The resulting values ​​(EW, EX, ES, EV) are output to the output interface (62), a) the exact one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) is the first measurement (MW, MX, MS) after a sector change or the last measurement (MW, MX, MS) before a sector change, or b) the exact one result value (EW, EX, ES, EV) is the average value of all measurements (MW, MX, MS) within one sector (SEC), or c) the exact one result value (EW, EX, ES) is a virtual measurement of the angular position at the center of the current sector (SEC) calculated from at least two measurements (MW, MX, MS) within the sector (SEC); A method characterized by:

9. At least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) is provided, the measurement system comprising an interface (43, 44, 45, 143, 144, 145, 243, 244, 342, 344), a transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 150, 151, 152, 250, 251, 351, 352) and a measurement device; and 9. The method of claim 8, wherein measurement pulses (MP) are supplied to a measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) at time intervals of a measurement interval (T), and the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370, 380) generates and outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) upon the arrival of the measurement pulses (MP).

10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one measurement system (70, 80, 90, 170, 180, 190, 270, 280, 370) outputs at least one measurement value (MW, MX, MS, MW1, MW2, MW3) to a data converter (60).

11. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the measurement system (370, 380) outputs at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) to the calculation unit (64, 66), and the calculation unit (64, 66) calculates an intermediate value (Z, MW) from the at least one measurement value (MW1, MW2, MW3) and outputs it to the data conversion unit (60).

12. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the measurement system (70, 80, 90, 370) comprises a data interface (43, 44, 45, 342) connected to the digital measurement device (5, 15, 20X, 30) via a data transmission channel (50, 51, 52, 351, 352).

13. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the measurement system (105, 120, 205, 220, 130) comprises a processing interface (143, 144, 145, 243, 244) connected to the incremental encoder (105, 120, 205, 220) or the analog sensor (130) via a signal transmission channel (150, 151, 152, 250, 251).

14. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the measurement system (380) comprises a bus interface (344) connected to at least two digital measurement devices (15, 16) via a data transmission channel (352).

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