Balustrade system, method for assembling the balustrade system, and use of the balustrade system

Abstract

A balustrade system (1) for an offshore facility (2) is disclosed, comprising two or more balusters (3) including connection means (4) for connecting the balusters (3) to the offshore facility (2), and at least one rail (11) with two or more longitudinal rail surfaces (5), at least one of the two or more longitudinal rail surfaces (5) being a T-slot surface (6) with at least one T-slot (7). The balustrade system (1) also includes at least two fastening devices (8) arranged to connect at least one rail (11) to two or more balusters (3) such that the T-slot surface (6) of the rail (11) presses against the first side (9) of the balusters (3), each of the at least two fastening devices (8) including a bolt means (10) including a pin portion (12) and a head (13), the head (13) being disposed at one end of the pin portion (12), the head (13) being disposed in at least one T-slot (7), and the pin portion (12) being secured to the bolt means (10). The rail (11) is a balustrade system (1) having a first side (9) opposite the second side (17) and the at least two fastening devices (8) are made of aluminum, the at least one rail (11) and the at least two fastening devices (8) further comprising a collar (15) surrounding the pin portion (12) on a second side (17) of the balustrade (3), the first side (9) being opposite the second side (17), the collar (15) being connected to the pin portion (12) by a compression joint (18), the at least two balustrades (3), the at least one rail (11) and the at least two fastening devices (8) being made of aluminum. A method for assembling the balustrade system (1) on an offshore facility (2) and a use of the balustrade system (1) are also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a railing system for an offshore facility, comprising two or more handrails and at least one rail. The present invention also relates to a method of assembling a railing system on an offshore facility and to the use of a winch system.

Background Art

[0002] Particularly, with respect to offshore facilities such as oil field drilling rigs, offshore wind turbines, wave energy plants, etc., in order to prevent personnel from falling from the facility and to provide something to hold onto when personnel move during bad weather, it is important that all platforms, decks, passageways, etc. are provided with railings.

[0003] Therefore, it is known to assemble the railing by welding it on land in that a thorough quality inspection of the welding must be carried out before installation. The railing sections are transported to the offshore facility after inspection and connected to the facility there. However, transporting prefabricated railing sections takes up space - and thus is costly - and is also very laborious and costly to correct any errors if the railing sections do not fit.

[0004] Therefore, from European Patent Application No. 2116676 (A1), it is known to form a railing by means of grooved tubular metal profiles connected by a crosshead assembly disposed in the grooves of two different profiles. However, this solution is complex and expensive and is also susceptible to the effects of galvanic corrosion, which is a major problem in offshore facilities due to the surrounding salt water. Furthermore, the railings on offshore facilities are subjected to much greater vibrations than land-based railings due to the influence of both wind and waves, as well as the typically large vibrations induced by machinery such as wind turbines, and the solution described in European Patent Application No. EP2116676 (A1) has a high risk of loosening and even disassembling itself due to the vibrations.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a convenient technique for forming a railing system for offshore facilities. [Overview of the project]

[0006] The present invention provides a railing system for offshore facilities. The railing system comprises two or more railings including connecting means for connecting railings to an offshore facility, and at least one rail having two or more longitudinal rail surfaces, wherein at least one of the two or more longitudinal rail surfaces is a T-slot surface having at least one T-shaped slot. The railing system also comprises at least two fasteners arranged to connect at least one rail to two or more balusters such that the T-shaped slot surface of the rail is pressed against the first side of the baluster, each of the at least two fasteners comprising a bolt means including a pin portion and a head, the head being positioned at one end of the pin portion and the head being positioned in at least one T-shaped slot, the pin portion extending through an orifice of the baluster, and the fastener further comprising a collar surrounding the pin portion on the second side of the baluster, the first side being opposite the second side, and the collar being connected to the pin portion by a compression joint, and the at least two fasteners comprising two or more balusters, at least one rail, and at least two fasteners being made of aluminum.

[0007] Assembling the railing with fixing devices is advantageous in that it allows railing components to be transported to the construction site in a disassembled state, thereby reducing transportation costs, as welding can be avoided. Furthermore, it is easy to change the distance between balusters on site, which is virtually impossible with pre-welded railings. Connecting the collars and pins of the fixing devices with compression joints is also advantageous in that the assembly process cannot be reversed by pressing the collars around the pins, and therefore the fixing devices will not disassemble over time due to vibration. Moreover, forming all railing components from aluminum avoids all risks of galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, aluminum is easy to handle and transport, generally easy to machine and work with on site, and does not require surface coatings for durability at sea, making it ideal for railing systems on offshore facilities.

[0008] It should be noted that in this context, the term “connecting means” should be understood as any type of connector or part of a connector suitable for connecting a baluster to an offshore facility. Therefore, in this context, the term includes one or more bolt holes of any kind, any type of clamp, any type of threaded pin, hook, etc., for other devices suitable for that purpose.

[0009] Furthermore, in this context, the term “bolting means” should be understood as any type of unthreaded bolt having a pin portion with the head positioned at one end of the pin portion, and it should also be noted that the head has a larger diameter or cross-sectional area than the pin portion when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the bolting means. Thus, in this context, the term includes any type of pin having a larger head at one end of the pin, any type of nail-like device, any type of rod with a larger end, and so on.

[0010] Furthermore, it should be noted that in this context, the term “compression joint” should be understood as any type of connection in which a part of the compression joint is compressed, causing that part to be permanently deformed and connected to another part of the compression joint through interlocking geometry or friction. That is, a compression joint is an irreversible type of connection in which the joint parts can only be separated again by destroying at least one of the joint parts. In this context, the collar is compressed around the pin, thereby permanently deforming the collar so that it presses against the pin, locking the collar against displacement relative to the pin, and the collar can only be removed by cutting it with a saw or by pulling it with great force—thus destroying the collar and / or the pin.

[0011] In one aspect of the present invention, at least one T-shaped slot extends along the entire length of at least one rail.

[0012] Forming T-shaped slots that extend along the entire length of the rail is advantageous in that it broadens the system's applications, allows bolting means to slide into the T-shaped slots from both ends of the rail, and enables the rail to be manufactured by an inexpensive and efficient extrusion process.

[0013] In one aspect of the present invention, at least one T-shaped slot is located on a first longitudinal rail surface among two or more longitudinal rail surfaces, and an additional T-shaped slot is located on a second longitudinal rail surface among two or more longitudinal rail surfaces.

[0014] Forming rails with additional T-shaped slots is advantageous because it allows additional features, fixtures, equipment, etc., to be easily connected to the rails in a simple and versatile manner.

[0015] In one aspect of the present invention, the lighting means is arranged in an additional T-shaped slot.

[0016] Railings on offshore facilities are almost always located on the outer edge of the platform, and therefore, it is extremely dangerous if personnel accidentally step over the railing. Therefore, it is advantageous to place lighting in additional T-shaped slots to both guide and securely hold personnel to the railings during rough weather, and to illuminate at least the outer perimeter of the platform. Furthermore, placing lighting in additional T-shaped slots is advantageous because it prevents straps, clothing, etc., from getting caught on the lighting and provides better protection for the lighting itself.

[0017] It should be noted that in this context, the term “lighting means” should be understood as any kind of light source or lighting device. Therefore, in this context, the term includes all kinds of lamps, spotlights, light-emitting diodes, incandescent bulbs, halogens, etc., or any combination thereof, or any other kind of light-emitting element.

[0018] In one aspect of the present invention, a first longitudinal rail surface is adjacent to a second longitudinal rail surface.

[0019] The first longitudinal rail surface includes T-shaped slots and therefore faces the balusters. By bringing a second longitudinal rail surface into contact with the first longitudinal rail surface—for example, such that the second longitudinal rail surface is substantially perpendicular to the first longitudinal rail surface—it becomes easier to retrofit additional features, fixtures, equipment, etc., to additional T-shaped slots, and to illuminate the area below and in front of the railing by lighting means located in the additional T-shaped slots.

[0020] In one aspect of the present invention, an additional T-shaped slot extends along the entire length of at least one rail.

[0021] Forming additional T-shaped slots that extend along the entire length of the rail is advantageous in that it broadens the system's applications, allows bolts, fixtures, equipment, connectors, etc. to slide from both ends of the rail into the additional T-shaped slots, and enables the rail to be manufactured by an inexpensive and efficient extrusion process.

[0022] In one aspect of the present invention, the pin portion is cylindrical, and the cylindrical surface of the pin portion has several indentations.

[0023] Forming a cylindrical surface with a recess in the pin portion is advantageous because when a compression joint is formed by compressing the collar around the pin portion, the collar deforms into the recess, thereby forming the interlocking geometry when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the pin.

[0024] In one aspect of the present invention, the recess is formed between several radial annular depressions along the longitudinal range of the pin portion.

[0025] Forming a depression as a valley between radial annular depressions along the longitudinal—i.e., longitudinal—range of the pin portion is advantageous in that it ensures strong retention when the compression joint is formed and ensures uniformly distributed retention around the entire circumference of the pin portion.

[0026] In one aspect of the present invention, the pin portion has a corrugated surface that forms several peaks and valleys along the longitudinal range of the pin portion.

[0027] Forming depressions as valleys in the corrugated surface is advantageous in that it ensures strong retention when a compression joint is formed, and ensures that the retention is evenly distributed around the entire circumference of the pin portion.

[0028] In this context, it should be noted that the term "along the longitudinal range of the pin portion" should be understood as at least a part of the longitudinal range of the pin portion. That is, the radial annular fall and / or the corrugated surface do not necessarily extend over the entire longitudinal range of the pin portion.

[0029] In one aspect of the present invention, the compression joint includes a collar that protrudes into the recess.

[0030] Forming the compression joint such that a part of the collar protrudes into the recess is advantageous in terms of forming an engagement geometry that provides a very strong hold that is not affected by vibration.

[0031] In one aspect of the present invention, the connecting means is arranged at the first longitudinal handrail end of two or more handrails.

[0032] Forming the connecting means at one end of each of the handrails reduces the amount of material used and ensures that the handrails can be connected so that they protrude upward, for example, perpendicularly to the upper surface of the offshore facility to which the handrails are attached.

[0033] In one aspect of the present invention, at least one rail includes a handrail arranged at the second longitudinal handrail end of two or more handrails, and the second longitudinal handrail end is on the opposite side of the first longitudinal handrail end.

[0034] Arranging the handrail at the top of the handrails is advantageous in terms of making it easier to reach and use the handrail and reducing the risk that straps, clothing, etc. will catch on the upper end of the protruding handrails.

[0035] In one aspect of the present invention, the railing system further includes a central rail connected to two or more handrails between the connecting means and the handrail by at least two of at least two fixing devices.

[0036] Providing a central rail between the connecting means and the handrail is advantageous in that it allows the handrail to be positioned at a suitable height without the risk of personnel falling from the offshore facility by falling below the handrail. Connecting the central rail to the handrail posts with a fixing device is advantageous in that it allows welding to be avoided and, for example, makes it easy to change the distance between handrail posts on site. Furthermore, using a fixing device that forms the connection by a compression joint is advantageous in that the assembly process cannot be reversed by compressing the collar around the pin portion, and therefore the fixing device cannot be disassembled over time due to vibration.

[0037] In one aspect of the present invention, the handrail and the central rail are parallel.

[0038] Forming the handrails and central rails parallel to each other is advantageous in that it makes it easier to comply with rules and regulations regarding the design of railings at sea, and also makes it easier to connect the handrails and central rails to fixtures, equipment, posts, etc.

[0039] In one aspect of the present invention, the railing system comprises a first end cover that covers the first longitudinal rail end of the handrail and the central rail, and which extends between the first longitudinal rail end of the handrail and the central rail, The present invention further comprises a second end cover that covers the second longitudinal rail end of the handrail and the central rail, and which extends between the second longitudinal rail end of the handrail and the central rail.

[0040] Covering the open ends of the handrails and central rail is advantageous because it reduces the risk of water, dust, etc., entering the rails over time, which can lead to rail deterioration or sanitary problems. Furthermore, by extending the end covers between the handrails and the central rail at each end, the risk of straps, clothing, etc., getting caught on the free ends is reduced.

[0041] In one aspect of the present invention, at least one rail is connected to two or more balusters such that the longitudinal range of at least one rail is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal range of two or more balusters.

[0042] Extending one or more rails substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal range of the balusters allows for a simpler balustrade design and is advantageous in that it reduces the length of the balusters, thereby lowering costs.

[0043] In one aspect of the present invention, the compression joint comprises a collar and a pin having an interlocking geometry that engages the collar and the pin against longitudinal displacement of the pin.

[0044] When a compression joint is formed by compressing a collar around a pin, the collar permanently deforms into holes, grooves, slits, etc., in the pin, forming an interlocking geometry between the collar and the pin. This is advantageous because the interlocking geometry forms a highly durable and safe connection that is unaffected by vibrations and other factors.

[0045] The present invention also relates to a method for assembling a railing system on an offshore facility, the method being • Steps for connecting two or more aluminum balusters to offshore facilities, - A step of arranging the heads of a first aluminum bolt means and a second aluminum bolt means in a T-shaped slot located on the T-shaped slot surface of an aluminum rail, wherein the rail comprises two or more longitudinal rail surfaces, one of which is a T-shaped slot surface, and each of the first bolt means and the second bolt means comprises a pin portion and a head, the head being located at one end of the pin portion, The steps include: positioning the T-shaped slot surface of the rail relative to the first side of the balusters such that the pin portion of the first bolt means extends through the orifice of the first balusters among the two or more balusters, and the pin portion of the second bolt means extends through the orifice of the second balusters among the two or more balusters; - A step of arranging the first collar on the pin portion of the first bolt means on the second side of the first baluster such that the first collar surrounds the pin portion of the first bolt means, and a step of arranging the second collar on the second bolt means on the second side of the second baluster such that the second collar surrounds the pin portion of the second bolt means, wherein the first side is on the opposite side of the second side. A method is also provided which includes the steps of connecting the first collar to the pin portion of the first bolting means and the second collar to the second bolting means by a compression joint formed by crushing the first collar against the pin portion of the first bolting means and crushing the second collar against the pin portion of the second bolting means.

[0046] Assembling the railing system on-site is advantageous in that it simplifies the process and reduces transportation costs. Furthermore, connecting the rails to the balusters using bolts within the rail's T-shaped slots ensures a flexible and versatile assembly method. Additionally, connecting the collars to the bolt pins with compression joints is advantageous in that it ensures the connection does not loosen or revert due to vibration, and is a fast and efficient method for connecting the rails to the balusters. Manufacturing all components from aluminum is advantageous in that it reduces the risk of galvanic corrosion.

[0047] In one aspect of the present invention, while the compression joint is being formed, the pins of the first and second bolts are pulled away from the second side, and the first and second collars are pressed against the second side.

[0048] When a compression joint is formed by firmly and tightly compressing the collar around the pin, pulling the pin away from the baluster while pressing the collar against the baluster is advantageous in that it ensures the rail is firmly held against the baluster after the compression joint is formed.

[0049] In one aspect of the present invention, crushing the first collar against the pin portion of the first bolt means causes the first collar to be radially deformed into the recess of the pin portion of the first bolt means, and crushing the second collar against the pin portion of the second bolt means causes the second collar to be radially deformed into the recess of the pin portion of the second bolt means.

[0050] Crushing the collar to deform into the pin recess when forming a compression joint is advantageous because it creates an overlapping interlock geometry in which the collar and pin form a robust connection that remains substantially unaffected no matter how violently the offshore facility and / or railing vibrates.

[0051] In one aspect of the present invention, the method further includes sliding a first bolt means and a second bolt means in a T-shaped slot, wherein the heads of the first aluminum bolt means and the second aluminum bolt means are positioned within the T-shaped slot, and the distance between the first bolt means and the second bolt means becomes the same as the distance between the first and second balusters of two or more balusters.

[0052] Sliding the bolt mechanism into the correct position within the T-shaped slot before attaching the rail to the balusters simplifies the assembly process.

[0053] In one aspect of the present invention, the method is carried out by a railing system comprising one of the railing systems discussed above.

[0054] This achieves a favorable embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of a railing system on a transition piece by any of the railing systems discussed above, positioned between the foundation and tower of an offshore wind turbine.

[0056] Almost all modern offshore wind turbines feature a transition piece positioned between the foundation (monopole, tripod, jacket, or similar foundation, etc.) and the wind turbine tower. Such a transition piece is located directly above the sea surface and is therefore exposed to seawater, waves, and rough weather, in addition to considerable vibrations from the wind turbine. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to use the railing system according to the present invention for such a transition piece. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0057] One embodiment of the present invention will be described below as a non-limiting example with reference to the drawings. [Figure 1] An example of a perspective view of an offshore wind turbine, including a railing system, is shown. [Figure 2] An example of a perspective view of a section of the railing system is shown. [Figure 3] An example of a front view of a section of the railing system is shown. [Figure 4] An example of a side view of the rail is shown. [Figure 5] An example of a side cross-sectional view of rail 1 connected to a handrail via a fixing device is shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0058] Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of an offshore wind turbine 36 including a railing system 1.

[0059] In this embodiment, the balustrade system 1 is positioned on the offshore facility 2 in the form of a transition piece 33 located between the foundation 34—in this case, a jacket foundation—and the tower 35 of the offshore wind turbine 36. That is, in this embodiment, the balustrade system 1 is positioned along the outer perimeter of an upper platform formed on the upper surface of the transition piece 33. The transition piece 33 is typically positioned directly above the sea surface and is therefore subject to waves in rough weather. In this embodiment, the transition piece 33 is shown in a very simplified form, and typically the transition piece 33 also includes stairs, docks, helipads, additional platforms, etc., which the balustrade system 1 according to the present invention may have.

[0060] In another embodiment, the railing system 1 can be attached to an oil drilling rig, an offshore energy conversion plant, an offshore refinery, or another type of offshore facility 2.

[0061] Figure 2 shows an example of a perspective view of a section of the railing system 1, and Figure 3 shows an example of a front view of a section of the railing system 1.

[0062] In this embodiment, the balustrade system 1 comprises two balusters 3—i.e., two vertical or substantially vertical posts, poles, or supports—to which three rails 11 are connected. In this embodiment, the rails 11 comprise an upper handrail 26 positioned at the upper end of the baluster 3—i.e., a second longitudinal baluster end 27—a lower kick plate 37 (also referred to as a kick rail) positioned near the lower end of the baluster 3—i.e., a first longitudinal baluster end 25—and a central rail 28 positioned between the upper handrail 26 and the lower kick plate 37. In another embodiment, the balustrade system 1 may comprise further rails 11—four, five, six, or more rails 11, etc.—or the balustrade system 1 may comprise fewer rails 11, such as only the handrails 26 and the central rail 28 or kick plate 37, or only the handrails 26. In another embodiment, the railing system 1 may comprise three, four, six, or more balusters 3, and / or the rail 11 may be connected to only some of the balusters 3. In this embodiment, all rails 11 and all balusters 3 are made entirely of aluminum, but in another embodiment, additional surface coatings—rubber coatings, surface paints, etc.—may be provided on one or more of the railing system components 3, 8 (see Figure 5), 11.

[0063] In this embodiment, each of the balusters 3 is provided with connecting means 4 in the form of through holes, which allow the first longitudinal baluster end 25 to be connected to the outer vertical surface of the offshore facility 2 using bolts or the like. However, in another embodiment, the connecting means 4 may also or instead include footplates for connecting the balusters 2 to the horizontal surface, and the connecting means 4 may also or instead include threaded holes, threaded studs, claps, etc.

[0064] In this embodiment, the balusters 3 are made from aluminum angle profiles, but in another embodiment, the balusters 3 can be made from pipes, rods, T-shaped profiles, slotted profiles, and the like.

[0065] In this embodiment, the handrail 26, the central rail 28, and the kick plate 37 are parallel and mounted such that the longitudinal ranges of the rails 11, 26, 28, and 37 are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal range of the balusters 3. However, in another embodiment—for example, when the balustrade system 1 is used as a balustrade for a staircase—two or more of the rails 11 are not parallel, and / or one or more of the rails 11 are not perpendicular to the balusters 3.

[0066] In this embodiment, the railing system 1 further comprises a first end cover 29 covering the first longitudinal rail end 30 of the handrail 26 and the central rail 28, and a second end cover 31 covering the second longitudinal rail end 32 of the handrail 26 and the central rail 28. In this embodiment, the first end cover 29 and the second end cover 31 also extend perpendicularly between the rail ends 30, 32, but in another embodiment, each of the rail ends 30, 32 may have an individual end cover 29, 31 - that is, in another embodiment, the railing system 1 may have four end covers 29, 31 -. In this embodiment, the end covers 29, 31 are connected to the rails 26, 28 by screws, but in another embodiment, the end covers 29, 31 may be connected to the rails 26, 28 by bolts, rivets, adhesive, welding, etc.

[0067] In this embodiment, the rail 11 is connected to the balusters 3 by a fixing device (not shown) which will be discussed in more detail with respect to Figure 5.

[0068] In this embodiment, the railing system 1 is pre-assembled on site and ready to be attached to the offshore facility 2 at this point. However, in a more general embodiment, the first longitudinal railing end 25 of each of the two railings 3 is first connected to the offshore facility 2, and then the rails 11, 26, 28, and 37 are connected to the railings 3 by fastening devices (not shown) which will be discussed in more detail with respect to Figure 5. In this embodiment, the final step is to connect the lateral end covers 29 and 31 to the rail ends 30 of the railings 26 and the central rail 28.

[0069] Figure 4 shows an example of a side view of rail 11.

[0070] In this embodiment, the rail 11 is a handrail 26 having a T-shaped slot 7 on the surface for connecting the rail 11 to the balusters 3. The T-shaped slot 7 is a groove with the narrowest opening, as can be seen in the figure, so that a device with a head wider than the pin protruding from the slit head can be held in the T-shaped slot 7 by the pin protruding from the T-shaped slot 7, but can still be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the slot. The T-shaped slot 7 is also referred to as a dovetail track, connecting slot, profile slot, etc.

[0071] In this embodiment, the T-shaped slot 7 is located on the first longitudinal rail surface 19—that is, the T-shaped slot surface 6—of the longitudinal rail surface 5 of the rail 11, and in this embodiment, the rail 11 is also provided with an additional T-shaped slot 20 located on a second adjacent longitudinal rail surface 21 of the longitudinal rail surface 5. However, in another embodiment, the rail 11 may have only a single T-shaped slot, or the rail 11 may have more than two T-shaped slots 7, 20, and / or the T-shaped slots 7, 20 may be located on the same longitudinal rail surface 5 or on other longitudinal rail surfaces 5.

[0072] In this embodiment, the rail 11 is an extruded aluminum profile, but in another embodiment, the rail can be formed by machining a pipe or rod, connecting one or more pipes and / or profiles, etc.

[0073] In this embodiment, the T-shaped slot 7 and the additional T-shaped slot 20 extend along the entire length L of the rail 11 (see Figure 3), whereas in another embodiment, the T-shaped slot 7 and / or the additional T-shaped slot 20 extend only to a portion of the length L of the rail 11 (see Figure 3)—that is, in another embodiment, the T-shaped slots 7 and 20 extend only longitudinally around the area in which they are used.

[0074] In this embodiment, the lighting means 22—in this case, in the form of LED strip lamps—are arranged in the additional T-shaped slots 20. In this embodiment, the lighting means 22 extends substantially along the entire length L of the rail 11 (see Figure 3), whereas in another embodiment, the lighting means 22 is formed as individual light sources arranged around the additional T-shaped slots at appropriate locations. In another embodiment, the lighting means 22 are also, or instead, located on the T-shaped slots 7 and / or other surfaces of the rail 11. Furthermore, in another embodiment, additional equipment such as signs, poles, screens, struts, hinges, and fittings can be connected to the railing system 1 by the T-shaped slots 7 and / or the additional T-shaped slots 20.

[0075] Figure 5 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of the rail 1 connected to the handrail 3 via the fixing device 8.

[0076] In this embodiment, the fastening device 8 comprises a bolt means 10 having a wider head 13, the head 13 being positioned at one end of a narrower, elongated pin portion 12. In this embodiment, the pin portion 12 is cylindrical, and the cylindrical surface 23 of the pin portion 12 is provided with several indentations 24 formed in valleys between several radial annular depressions along a portion of the longitudinal range of the pin portion 12. However, in another embodiment, the indentations 24 may be formed within holes in the cylindrical surface 23 as surface indentations, surface barbs, etc., and / or the indentations 24 may be formed over the entire longitudinal range of the pin portion 12.

[0077] In this embodiment, the fixing device 8 includes a collar 15 that surrounds the pin portion and is connected to the pin portion 12 by a compression joint 18 formed by a tool, which simultaneously pulls the pin portion 12 and crushes the collar 15, and then presses the collar 15 around the pin portion 12, thereby permanently deforming the collar 15 into the recess 24 of the pin portion 12. Thus, in this embodiment, the diameter of the central hole of the collar 15 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the pin portion 12 before the compression joint 18 is formed, so that the collar 15 can easily slide over the pin portion 12. After the compression joint 18 is formed, the minimum inner diameter of the central hole of the collar is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the pin portion 12, so that when viewed in a direction parallel to the central axis 16 (or axis of rotation) of the collar 15 and the pin portion 12, the material of the collar 15 overlaps with the material of the pin portion 12, geometrically fitting the collar 15 and the pin portion 12 together—that is, if the collar 15 and / or pin portion 12 are rotationally symmetric (in a preferred embodiment), the central axis 16 coincides with the axis of symmetry. However, in another embodiment, the compression joint 18 simply compresses the collar 15 around the pin portion 12 so that the collar 15 locks onto the pin portion 12 by friction.

[0078] In another embodiment, the compression joint 18 can be formed in a separate process when the collar 15 is in a predetermined position.

[0079] Therefore, in this embodiment, the railing system 1 is formed by first connecting two balusters 3 to the offshore facility 2 as discussed above, and then connecting the rails 11, 26, 28, and 37 to the balusters 3 by fixing devices 8 in the following manner.

[0080] First, the head 13 of the bolt means 10 is slid into the T-shaped slot 7 of the rail 11, and then the T-shaped slot surface 6 of the rail 11 is held against the first side 9 of the baluster 3 so that the pin portion 12 of the bolt means 10 extends through the orifice 14 of the baluster 3. Next, the collar 15 is positioned on the pin portion 12 of the bolt means 10 on the second side 17 of the baluster 3 so that the collar 15 surrounds the pin portion 12. Note that the first side 9 of the baluster 3 is on the opposite side of the second side 17 so that the rail 11 and the collar 15 are positioned on both sides of the baluster 3. Next, the first collar 15 is connected to the pin portion 12 by a compression joint 18 formed by crushing the collar 15 against the pin portion 12. Clearly, this method, as described above, involves connecting rail 11, or all of rails 11, 26, and 28, to each of the handrails 3 of the unique railing system 1 by fixing devices 8.

[0081] In this embodiment, the balusters 3, rails 11, and fixing devices 8 of the balustrade system 1 are all made of aluminum. In this way, galvanic insulation using insulating washers, inserts, spacers, etc. can be avoided, thus galvanic corrosion can be avoided in a simple manner, and the balustrade system assembly can be manufactured very quickly. However, in another embodiment, additional parts can be connected to or added to the balustrade system 1, and these parts do not necessarily have to be made of aluminum.

[0082] The present invention has been illustrated above with reference to specific embodiments such as the handrail 3, rail 11, and fixing device 8. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but can be designed and modified into numerous variations within the scope of the invention as described in the claims.

[0083] list 1. Railing system 2. Offshore facilities 3. Baluster 4. Connection means 5. Longitudinal rail surface 6. T-shaped slot surface 7. T-shaped slot 8. Fixation device 9. The first side of the balusters 10. Bolt method 11. Rails 12. Pin section 13. Head 14. Orifice 15. Color 16. Central axis of the collar and pin section 17. The second side of the balusters 18. Compression joint 19. First longitudinal rail surface 20. Additional T-shaped slots 21. Second longitudinal rail surface 22. Lighting means 23. Cylindrical surface of the pin 24. Indentation 25. End of the first longitudinal baluster 26. Handrail 27. Second longitudinal baluster end 28. Central Rail 29. First end cover 30. First longitudinal rail end 31. Second end cover 32. Second longitudinal rail end 33. Transition Piece 34. Fundamentals 35. Wind turbine tower 36. Offshore wind turbines 37. Kick plate L. Rail length

Claims

1. A railing system (1) for an offshore facility (2), wherein the railing system (1) is Two or more balusters (3), including connecting means (4) for connecting the balusters (3) to the offshore facility (2), At least one rail (11) comprising two or more longitudinal rail surfaces (5), wherein at least one of the two or more longitudinal rail surfaces (5) is a T-shaped slot surface (6) comprising at least one T-shaped slot (7), At least two fastening devices (8) are arranged to connect at least one rail (11) to two or more handrails (3) such that the T-shaped slot surface (6) of the rail (11) is pressed against the first side (9) of the handrail (3), each of the at least two fastening devices (8) includes a bolting means (10) including a pin portion (12) and a head (13), the head (13) being positioned at one end of the pin portion (12), and the head (13) being the The device comprises at least two fixing devices (8), each positioned in at least one T-shaped slot (7), the pin portion (12) extending through the orifice (14) of the baluster (3), and the fixing device (8) further includes a collar (15) surrounding the pin portion (12) on the second side (17) of the baluster (3), the first side (9) being opposite the second side (17), and the collar (15) being connected to the pin portion (12) by a compression joint (18), A railing system (1) in which the two or more handrails (3), the at least one rail (11), and the at least two fixing devices (8) are made of aluminum.

2. The railing system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one T-shaped slot (7) extends over the entire length (L) of the at least one rail (11).

3. The railing system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one T-shaped slot (7) is located on a first longitudinal rail surface (19) of the two or more longitudinal rail surfaces (5), and an additional T-shaped slot (20) is located on a second longitudinal rail surface (21) of the two or more longitudinal rail surfaces (5).

4. The railing system (1) according to claim 3, wherein the lighting means (22) is arranged in the additional T-shaped slot (20).

5. The railing system (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the first longitudinal rail surface (19) is adjacent to the second longitudinal rail surface (21).

6. The railing system (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the additional T-shaped slot (20) extends over the entire length (L) of at least one rail (11).

7. The railing system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pin portion (12) is cylindrical, and the cylindrical surface (23) of the pin portion (12) has several indentations (24).

8. The railing system (1) according to claim 7, wherein the recess (24) is formed between several radial annular projections along the vertical range of the pin portion (12).

9. The railing system (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the compression joint (18) includes the collar (15) that protrudes into the recess (24).

10. The railing system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the connecting means (4) is arranged at the first longitudinal railing end (25) of each of the two or more railings (3).

11. The railing system (1) according to claim 10, wherein the at least one rail (11) includes a handrail (26) positioned on a second longitudinal handrail end (27) of the two or more handrails (3), and the second longitudinal handrail end (27) is on the opposite side of the first longitudinal handrail end (25).

12. The railing system (1) according to claim 11, further comprising a central rail (28) connected to the two or more balusters (3) between the connecting means (4) and the handrail (26) by at least two of the two fixing devices (8) of the railing system (1).

13. The railing system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the handrail (26) and the central rail (28) are parallel.

14. The aforementioned railing system (1) A first end cover (29) that covers the first longitudinal rail end (30) of the handrail (26) and the central rail (28), wherein the first end cover (29) extends between the first longitudinal rail end (30) of the handrail (26) and the central rail (28), The railing system (1) according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising: a second end cover (31) covering the second longitudinal rail end (32) of the handrail (26) and the central rail (28), wherein the second end cover (31) also extends between the second longitudinal rail end (32) of the handrail (26) and the central rail (28).

15. The railing system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the at least one rail (11) is connected to the two or more balusters (3) such that the longitudinal range of the at least one rail (11) is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal range of the two or more balusters (3).

16. The railing system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the compression joint (18) comprises the collar (15) and the pin portion (12) having an interlocking geometry that interlocks the collar (15) and the pin portion (12) against longitudinal displacement of the pin portion (12).

17. A method for assembling a railing system (1) on an offshore facility (2), wherein the method is - The step of connecting two or more aluminum balusters (3) to the offshore facility (2), - A step of arranging the heads (13) of the first aluminum bolt means (10) and the second aluminum bolt means (10) in a T-shaped slot (7) located on the T-shaped slot surface (6) of an aluminum rail (11), wherein the aluminum rail (11) comprises two or more longitudinal rail surfaces (5) one of which is the T-shaped slot surface (6), and each of the first aluminum bolt means (10) and the second aluminum bolt means (10) comprises a pin portion (12) and a head (13), the head (13) being located at one end of the pin portion (12), - The step of positioning the T-shaped slot surface (6) of the aluminum rail (11) relative to the first side (9) of the handrail (3) such that the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10) extends through the orifice (14) of the first handrail (3) among the two or more handrails (3), and the pin portion (12) of the second aluminum bolt means (10) extends through the orifice (14) of the second handrail (3) among the two or more handrails (3), - A step of arranging the first collar (15) on the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10) on the second side (17) of the first handrail so that the first collar (15) surrounds the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10), and a step of arranging the second collar (15) on the second aluminum bolt means (10) on the second side (17) of the second handrail so that the second collar (15) surrounds the pin portion (12) of the second aluminum bolt means (10), wherein the first side (9) is on the opposite side of the second side (17), A method comprising the steps of: crushing the first collar (15) against the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10); crushing the second collar (15) against the pin portion (12) of the second aluminum bolt means (10) to connect the first collar (15) to the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10) and connecting the second collar (15) to the second aluminum bolt means (10) by a compression joint (18) formed thereon.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, while the compression joint (18) is being formed, the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10) and the second aluminum bolt means (10) is pulled away from the second side (17), and the first collar (15) and the second collar (15) are pressed against the second side (17).

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein crushing the first collar (15) against the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10) causes the first collar (15) to be radially deformed into the recess (24) of the pin portion (12) of the first aluminum bolt means (10), and crushing the second collar (15) against the pin portion (12) of the second aluminum bolt means (10) causes the second collar (15) to be radially deformed into the recess (24) of the pin portion (12) of the second aluminum bolt means (10).

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the method involves sliding the first aluminum bolt means (10) and the second aluminum bolt means (10) to the position of the T-shaped slot (7), and further comprising, after arranging the heads (13) of the first aluminum bolt means (10) and the second aluminum bolt means (10) in the T-shaped slot (7), sliding them so that the distance between the first aluminum bolt means (10) and the second aluminum bolt means (10) is the same as the distance between the first and second balusters of the two or more balusters (3).

21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the method is performed by a railing system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

22. Use of the railing system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16 on a transition piece (33) positioned between the foundation (34) and the tower (35) of an offshore wind turbine (36).

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