Radiators, concrete structures, radiant units, and heating and cooling systems

Abstract

To provide a radiation body efficiently transferring heat held by a heat medium, a concrete structure, a radiation unit, and an air conditioning system.SOLUTION: A radiation body 10 includes: an outer cylinder 12; an inner cylinder 15 disposed inside the outer cylinder 12; and a nozzle 20 for guiding a heat medium A flowing inside the inner cylinder 15 into the outer cylinder 12 at the outside of the inner cylinder 15. An axis of the inner cylinder 15 is extended in a direction same as an axis of the outer cylinder 12. In the nozzle 20, a discharge port for discharging the heat medium A is formed along an inner wall of the outer cylinder 12 in a direction crossing the axis of the inner cylinder 15. A concrete structure includes the radiation body 10 and concrete covering its circumference. A radiation unit includes the radiation body 10 and a reflection plate disposed near the same. An air conditioning system includes the concrete structure or the radiation unit, and a temperature adjustment device for adjusting a temperature of the heat medium A.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

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[0001] The present disclosure relates to a radiator, a concrete structure, a radiation unit, and a heating and cooling system, and particularly to a radiator, a concrete structure, a radiation unit, and a heating and cooling system with improved heat transfer efficiency from a heat medium.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as a heating and cooling method that achieves both energy conservation and comfort, the use of a radiant heating and cooling system that performs heating and cooling by radiant heat has been increasing. The radiant heating and cooling system is a system that cools or heats a member (ceiling, floor, wall, etc.) facing the heating and cooling target space, and performs heating and cooling of the target space by radiant heat from the cooled or heated member. As a member used in the radiant heating and cooling system, a partition panel is provided with a plurality of channels for flowing temperature-controlled air on the back side of a surface plate facing the target space, and the heat of the air flowing through these channels is transmitted to the surface plate, and cold or warm heat is radiated from the surface plate (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In heating and cooling by radiation, if more cold or warm heat held by air can be transmitted to a member that radiates cold or warm heat, heating and cooling can be performed more effectively, which also contributes to energy conservation.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present disclosure relates to providing a radiator, a concrete structure, a radiation unit, and a heating and cooling system that can efficiently transfer cold or warm heat held by a heat medium. <0​

[0006] A radiator according to a first aspect of the present disclosure comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder disposed in the space inside the outer cylinder through which a gaseous heat transfer medium flows, and a nozzle that guides the heat transfer medium flowing inside the inner cylinder into the space inside the outer cylinder on the outside of the inner cylinder, wherein the inner cylinder is arranged such that its axis extends in the same direction as the axis of the outer cylinder, and the nozzle has a discharge port formed in a direction intersecting the direction in which the axis of the inner cylinder extends and along the inner wall of the outer cylinder for discharging the heat transfer medium.

[0007] With this configuration, as the heat transfer medium discharged from the outlet flows along the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the cold or warm energy contained in the heat transfer medium is efficiently transferred to the outer cylinder, allowing the outer cylinder to emit cold or warm energy.

[0008] Furthermore, in the radiator according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the nozzles are provided in a plurality at intervals in the direction in which the axis of the inner cylinder extends, in the radiator according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.

[0009] With this configuration, the portion of the outer cylinder that comes into contact with the heat transfer medium discharged from the nozzle can be enlarged, and the area over which the cold or hot energy contained in the heat transfer medium is transferred to the outer cylinder can be increased.

[0010] Furthermore, in the third aspect of the present disclosure, the radiator, in the radiator according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, has a discharge port formed in a direction that discharges the heat transfer medium in a first predetermined direction, and the discharge port formed in a direction that discharges the heat transfer medium in a second predetermined direction different from the first predetermined direction, among a plurality of nozzles.

[0011] This configuration makes it possible to suppress uneven transfer of cold or heat from the heat transfer medium to the outer cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, a radiator according to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure comprises a support having a band that encloses the outer surface of the inner cylinder and a claw piece that protrudes from the band and engages with the outer cylinder, in a radiator according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] With this configuration, the inner cylinder can be positioned relative to the outer cylinder with a simple structure.

[0014] Furthermore, a concrete structure according to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure comprises a radiator according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present disclosure, and concrete covering the radiator.

[0015] With this configuration, the cold or heat emitted from the outer cylinder is transferred to the concrete, and the cold or heat can be radiated from the surface of the concrete.

[0016] Furthermore, a radiation unit according to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure comprises a radiator according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present disclosure, and a reflector disposed near the radiator, which reflects the heat radiated from the radiator in a predetermined direction.

[0017] With this configuration, the cold or heat radiated from the outer cylinder can be radiated in a predetermined direction by the reflector.

[0018] Furthermore, the heating and cooling system according to the seventh aspect of the present disclosure comprises a concrete structure according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure or a radiant unit according to the sixth aspect of the present disclosure, and a temperature controller for adjusting the temperature of the heat transfer medium introduced into the inner cylinder.

[0019] With this configuration, a temperature-controlled heat transfer medium can be introduced into the inner cylinder, and the heat contained in the heat transfer medium is transferred to the concrete or reflector plate via the outer cylinder. This allows for heating or cooling of the target space through the radiation of cold or warmth from the concrete or reflector plate. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] According to the present disclosure, when the heat medium discharged from the discharge port flows along the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the cold heat or warm heat possessed by the heat medium is efficiently transmitted to the outer cylinder, enabling the outer cylinder to emit cold heat or warm heat.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] [Figure 1] (A) is a perspective view of a radiator according to an embodiment, and (B) is a front cross-sectional view of the radiator. [Figure 2] It is a perspective view of a nozzle included in a radiator according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] It is an exploded perspective view of a support included in a radiator according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] (A) is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a heating and cooling system according to an embodiment, (B) is a partial perspective view of the radiator around the connection part to the distribution duct, and (C) is a partial perspective view showing the end part of the inner cylinder. [Figure 5] (A) is an exploded perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a heating and cooling system according to a modification of an embodiment, and (B) is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a heating and cooling system according to a modification of an embodiment.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0022] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same or corresponding members are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0023] First, a radiator 10 according to one embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1(A) and 1(B). Figure 1(A) is a perspective view of the radiator 10, with a portion cut out to show the internal structure. Figure 1(B) is a front cross-sectional view of the radiator 10. The radiator 10 has temperature-controlled air (hereinafter referred to as "temperature-controlled air A") flowing inside as a gaseous heat transfer medium, and the cold or heat contained in the temperature-controlled air A is transferred to the outer surface, which is cooled or heated, and then the cold or heat is radiated from the outer surface. Here, when the outer surface of the radiator 10 is cooled and cold is radiated, the outer surface of the radiator 10, which is at a lower temperature than the surroundings, absorbs heat from the surroundings, but for convenience, it will be expressed as the radiator 10 radiating cold. The radiator 10 comprises an outer cylinder 12, an inner cylinder 15, and a nozzle 20.

[0024] The outer cylinder 12 is a component that forms the outer surface of the radiator 10. The outer cylinder 12 also houses the inner cylinder 15 and the multiple nozzles 20. The basic shape of the outer cylinder 12 is cylindrical. The outer cylinder 12 can also circulate temperature-controlled air A inside it. In this embodiment, the cross-section of the outer cylinder 12 perpendicular to the axis of the basic cylindrical shape (an imaginary line passing through the centroid of the shape on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cylinder and extending in that longitudinal direction) is formed in a shape similar to an athletics track. In other words, the shape of the outer cylinder 12 in the cross-section perpendicular to the axis is formed by dividing a circle into two equal parts with an imaginary line and connecting the two parts separated from each other in a direction perpendicular to the imaginary bisector with two parallel lines. For example, the outer cylinder 12 may be used with a distance between the two lines of 100 mm to 250 mm, or 150 mm to 200 mm, but this distance can be appropriately changed depending on the application. Furthermore, the outer cylinder 12 may be made of a material where the maximum distance between the semicircular portions is 200mm to 350mm or 250mm to 300mm, for example, but this distance can be changed as appropriate depending on the application. The outer cylinder 12, which has a basic cylindrical shape, has open ends at both ends. The outer cylinder 12 is typically made of steel plate, but it may also be made of other metals or resin.

[0025] The inner cylinder 15 is a component through which temperature-controlled air A flows, forming a flow path for the temperature-controlled air A. The inner cylinder 15 is the first component through which the temperature-controlled air A flows into the radiator 10. The inner cylinder 15 is a cylindrical component with open surfaces at both ends. Typically, a spiral duct is used for the inner cylinder 15, but a rectangular duct may also be used. In other words, the cross-sectional shape of the inner cylinder 15 perpendicular to the cylindrical axis is typically a circle, but it may be a rectangle or other polygon, or even an ellipse. The inner cylinder 15 is typically made of steel plate, but it may also be made of a metal other than steel plate or resin. When a spiral duct is used for the inner cylinder 15, for example, a diameter of 80 mm to 230 mm or 120 mm to 170 mm may be used, but the diameter can be appropriately changed depending on the application. The inner cylinder 15 may be formed as a single duct, or multiple ducts may be connected in the axial direction to form a single duct. The inner cylinder 15 is typically positioned inside the outer cylinder 12, with its axis coinciding with the axis of the outer cylinder 12. The inner cylinder 15 has multiple mounting holes formed along its longitudinal direction on its cylindrical side surface, into which the nozzle 20 is fitted.

[0026] The nozzle 20 is a component that guides the temperature-controlled air A flowing inside the inner cylinder 15 to the space inside the outer cylinder 12 (hereinafter referred to as the "discharge space 18") outside the inner cylinder 15. Typically, the nozzle 20 is mounted on the side of the inner cylinder 15 at the point where the distance between the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 15 is shortest. There are two points where the distance between the outer cylinder 12, which has a cross-section shaped like an athletics track, and the inner cylinder 15, which has a circular cross-section, is shortest. In this embodiment, multiple nozzles 20 are mounted at intervals along the longitudinal direction on one of these points. Each nozzle 20 is mounted on the inner cylinder 15 by being fitted into a mounting hole formed in the inner cylinder 15. Conversely, a mounting hole is formed on the side of the inner cylinder 15 at a position suitable for mounting each nozzle 20. The distance between the reference positions of adjacent nozzles 20 in the longitudinal direction (the direction in which the axes of the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 15 extend) can be, for example, 200 mm to 600 mm, or 300 mm to 400 mm to 500 mm. However, the distance between adjacent nozzles 20 can be appropriately changed depending on the size of the radiator 10, the installation location, or the amount of heat load to be processed.

[0027] Referring to Figure 2, an example of the nozzle 20 configuration will be explained. Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the schematic configuration of the nozzle 20. The nozzle 20 has an insertion body 21, an exposed body 25, and a flange 29. The insertion body 21 is the part that is inserted into the inner cylinder 15. The exposed body 25 is the part located in the discharge space 18. The insertion body 21 is formed in a roughly rectangular parallelepiped shape, and one of the three pairs of opposing faces of its rectangular parallelepiped shape is an opening. One of these opposing opening faces is the inlet 22. The inlet 22 is an opening that takes in the temperature-controlled air A flowing inside the inner cylinder 15 into the nozzle 20. The opening face of the insertion body 21 facing the inlet 22 is connected to the exposed body 25. In the following explanation of the nozzle 20, the direction in which the insertion body 21 and the exposed body 25 are connected will be referred to as the "height direction H". Furthermore, of the two pairs of opposing faces of the insert body 21 other than the roughly rectangular opening face, the direction perpendicular to the height direction H on the smaller face will be called the "depth direction D," and the direction perpendicular to both the height direction H and the depth direction D will be called the "width direction W." The insert body 21 has notches 23 formed on the faces that extend in the height direction H and the depth direction D. The notches 23 are formed from the inlet 22 to its opposing opening face. The notches 23 are widest at a position adjacent to the inlet 22, narrower as they approach the exposed body 23, and disappear at a position adjacent to the exposed body 23. Typically, the notches 23 are formed at a position that bisects the face on which the notches 23 are formed. The insert body 21 is inserted into the inner cylinder 15 from the outside with the notches 23 closed, and then the notches 23 open inside the inner cylinder 15. In this way, the notch 23 is formed, which prevents the nozzle 20 attached to the inner cylinder 15 from falling out of the inner cylinder 15.

[0028] The exposed body 25 is formed in a roughly rectangular parallelepiped shape, as if the insert body 21 were an extension of the opening surface at the same size. The exposed body 25 has an open surface on the surface connected to the insert body 21, one of a pair of surfaces extending in the depth direction D and the width direction W, and a discharge port 28 is formed on one of a pair of surfaces extending in the height direction H and the width direction W. The discharge port 28 is an opening through which the temperature-controlled air A that entered the nozzle 20 from the inside of the inner cylinder 15 via the inlet 22 is discharged from the nozzle 20 into the discharge space 18. The surface of the exposed body 25 on which the discharge port 28 is formed is not an extension of the surface of the insert body 21 on which the notch 23 is formed, but an extension of one of a pair of surfaces located between the pair of surfaces on which the notch 23 is formed. The size of the discharge port 28 can be appropriately determined considering the flow rate and velocity of the temperature-controlled air A to be discharged, and it does not have to be formed on the entire surface of the exposed body 25 on which the discharge port 28 is formed. The discharge port 28 is typically formed in a rectangular shape, but it may also be a circular, elliptical, polygonal, or other shape. Furthermore, while the discharge port 28 is formed as a single opening in the example shown in Figure 2, it may be formed as multiple openings. In any case, it is preferable that the discharge port 28 be formed at a position further away from the insertion body 21 than at a position close to the insertion body 21. By forming the discharge port 28 at such a position, the discharge port 28 can be positioned close to the outer cylinder 12 when the nozzle 20 is attached to the inner cylinder 15.

[0029] The exposed body 25 has a curved portion 26 formed at the intersection of the surface facing the discharge port 28 and the surface facing the opening connected to the insertion body 21. The curved portion 26 extends over the entire width direction W. The cross-sectional shape of the curved portion 26 perpendicular to the width direction W is typically a quarter-circle arc, but the curvature can be changed as appropriate. The curved portion 26 is formed to smoothly redirect the temperature-controlled air A entering the exposed body 25 from the insertion body 21 towards the discharge port 28 (to minimize pressure loss). The length H in the height direction of the exposed body 25 is formed to be less than or equal to the distance between the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 15 at the nozzle 20 mounting position, so that the nozzle 20 can be properly mounted on the inner cylinder 15, and it is preferable that the length is as close as possible to the distance between the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 15. If the height H of the exposed body 25 is close to the distance between the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 15, the discharge port 28 will be located close to the outer cylinder 12, and the temperature-controlled air A discharged from the discharge port 28 will be more likely to follow the inner wall of the outer cylinder 12.

[0030] The flange 29 is provided at the boundary between the insertion body 21 and the exposed body 25. The flange 29 protrudes outward from the side surface of the boundary between the insertion body 21 and the exposed body 25. Typically, the flange 29 is formed around the entire circumference of the side surface of the boundary between the insertion body 21 and the exposed body 25. The outer circumference of the flange 29 is larger than the outer circumference of the mounting hole formed in the inner cylinder 15. In other words, the flange 29 is formed to be large enough to encompass the mounting hole. The presence of the flange 29 prevents the flange 29 and the exposed body 25 from entering the interior of the inner cylinder 15 when the nozzle 20 is mounted in the inner cylinder 15. Note that the flange 29 does not necessarily have to be formed around the entire circumference of the side surface of the boundary between the insertion body 21 and the exposed body 25. However, for the following reasons, it is preferable that the flange 29 be formed around the entire circumference of the side surface of the boundary between the insertion body 21 and the exposed body 25. This is because, if the mounting hole is made slightly larger than the outer circumference of the insertion body 21 to make it easier to insert the insertion body 21 into the inner cylinder 15, a mounting hole remains between the insertion body 21 and the inner cylinder 15, and this is to seal the mounting hole remaining between the insertion body 21 and the inner cylinder 15. The nozzle 20 is typically made of molded resin, but it may also be formed by processing metal materials such as galvanized steel sheet or stainless steel sheet.

[0031] Let us return to Figure 1 and continue describing the configuration of the radiator 10. In the following description, when the configuration of the nozzles 20 is mentioned, please refer to Figure 2 as appropriate. Multiple nozzles 20 are mounted at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 15, and in this embodiment, the discharge ports 28 of adjacent nozzles 20 face in opposite directions. Specifically, one (arbitrary) nozzle 20 is positioned so that its discharge port 28 faces a first direction, and the nozzle 20 next to it is positioned so that its discharge port 28 faces a second direction, with the second direction being the opposite of the first direction. Subsequently, nozzles 20 with their discharge ports 28 facing the first direction and nozzles 20 with their discharge ports 28 facing the second direction are arranged alternately. In this embodiment, the first and second directions are perpendicular to the axis (longitudinal direction) of the inner cylinder 15. The inner cylinder 15, with multiple nozzles 20 mounted, is fixed to the outer cylinder 12 by a support 30. In this embodiment, the support member 30 surrounds the outer surface of the inner cylinder 15 in the circumferential direction, and the portion that protrudes away from the inner cylinder 15 is positioned to rest on the outer cylinder 12.

[0032] Figure 3 shows a schematic configuration of the support member 30. Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the support member 30. In this embodiment, the support member 30 is configured to be used in pairs. The support member 30 has a band 31 and a claw piece 33. The band 31 is the part that wraps around the outer surface of the inner cylinder 15. The band 31 is typically made up of a curved rectangular thin plate member. The original rectangular thin plate member that makes up the band 31 has two pairs of opposing sides, one pair of sides of which is half the length of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder 15, and the other pair of sides of which is shorter than the length of the space between adjacent nozzles 20. The band 31 is formed by curving one pair of sides of the original rectangular thin plate member, which is half the length of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder 15, with a curvature equal to the curvature of the outer diameter of the inner cylinder 15.

[0033] A claw piece 33 is connected to the non-curved side of the band 31. The claw piece 33 is a small piece that engages with the outer cylinder 12. Conversely, the outer cylinder 12 has through holes (not shown) at appropriate positions into which the claw piece 33 engages. The claw piece 33 extends along the imaginary extension of the semicircular diameter of the band 31. The length of the claw piece 33 extending from the band 31 is longer than the distance between the inner cylinder 15 and the outer cylinder 12. In the example shown in Figure 3, the tip of the claw piece 33 (the side opposite the side connecting to the band 31) is bent, which indicates that it is attached to the outer cylinder 12 (however, the outer cylinder 12 and inner cylinder 15 are omitted in Figure 3 for ease of understanding the configuration of the support 30).

[0034] In this embodiment, the band 31 has a notch 39 formed next to the claw piece 33 on the uncurved side. The notch 39 is typically formed to the same size as the claw piece 33 before its tip is bent. The adjacent claw piece 33 and notch 39 as a whole are located approximately in the center of the uncurved side of the band 31. Furthermore, it is preferable that the adjacent claw pieces 33 and notches 39 provided on each of the opposing sides are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the centroid of the rectangular thin plate member that forms the basis of the band 31. This arrangement reduces material waste when cutting out the mold for the support 30 from a long thin plate raw material before the band 31 is curved. The support 30 is typically formed by processing a metal material such as galvanized steel sheet or stainless steel sheet, but a resin molded product may also be used. The support device 30 is used by first clamping the outer surface of the inner cylinder 15 with two claw pieces 33 at each support position with the tips of the claw pieces 33 not bent, then passing the claw pieces 33 through the insertion holes of the outer cylinder 12, and bending the claw pieces 33 that protrude to the outside of the outer cylinder 12 along the outer surface of the outer cylinder 12.

[0035] Next, with reference to Figure 4(A), a heating and cooling system 100 according to one embodiment will be described. Figure 4(A) is a perspective view showing the schematic configuration of the heating and cooling system 100. The heating and cooling system 100 is typically installed inside a building and provides heating and cooling to the space inside the building. Here, providing heating and cooling means providing either cooling or heating depending on the situation. The heating and cooling system 100 has the capability to provide either cooling or heating depending on the season, etc.

[0036] The heating and cooling system 100 includes a concrete structure 50 according to one embodiment. The concrete structure 50 is constructed by arranging a plurality of the above-mentioned radiators 10 in parallel on a virtual plane and covering them with concrete 51. The concrete 51 is integrally molded to cover the entire outer surface of the outer cylinder 12 of the plurality of radiators 10, but does not cover the end faces of the radiators 10. In Figure 4(A), a portion of the concrete 51 is cut out to show the internal structure of the concrete 51. When the structure of the radiators 10 is referred to in the following description, please refer to Figures 1(A), 1(B), and 2 as appropriate. The spacing between adjacent radiators 10 should be determined such that concrete 51 fills the space between them by 30 mm or more, preferably 40 mm or more, and more preferably 50 mm or more. In the directions perpendicular to the direction in which each radiator 10 is arranged (above and below when each radiator 10 is placed horizontally), the concrete cover 51 should be approximately 30mm, 40mm, and 50mm, respectively. The concrete 51 may be poured on-site (at the building construction site), or a precast concrete structure 50 manufactured in a factory may be transported to the site. When used as a floor (ceiling for the space below), the concrete structure 50, in which multiple radiators 10 are embedded in the concrete 51, can function as a void slab. In other words, the concrete structure 50 can be seen as a void slab with an inner cylinder 15 and nozzle 20 provided within the void, or the outer cylinder 12 can be seen as a void formwork. Therefore, when used as a floor, the concrete structure 50 can enjoy the advantages of a void slab, such as being able to create a highly rigid slab with high sound insulation and realizing a space without small beams.

[0037] The heating and cooling system 100 includes an air conditioner 61 in addition to the concrete structure 50 described above. The air conditioner 61 is a device that adjusts the temperature of the temperature-controlled air A and corresponds to a temperature controller. The air conditioner 61 may be placed in the space above the ceiling or in other spaces. The air conditioner 61 has a coil (not shown) and a fan (not shown). The coil cools or heats the temperature-controlled air A introduced into the air conditioner 61. The coil has a tube through which chilled water or hot water, whose temperature has been adjusted by a heat source (not shown), flows. The tube of the coil is provided with a large number of fins. The coil is configured to transfer heat from the chilled water or hot water to the temperature-controlled air A by passing the temperature-controlled air A between the large number of fins and exchanging heat between the chilled water or hot water and the temperature-controlled air A. The fan pumps the temperature-controlled air A, whose temperature has been adjusted by the coil, toward the radiator 10 of the concrete structure 50. Furthermore, the air conditioner 61 only needs to be able to adjust the temperature of the conditioned air A, and does not need to have a configuration for adjusting the humidity of the conditioned air A. However, if there is a risk of condensation occurring in the moisture contained in the conditioned air A supplied from the air conditioner 61, it is preferable that the air conditioner 61 has a configuration for adjusting the humidity of the conditioned air A in order to prevent condensation from occurring.

[0038] In this embodiment, the heating and cooling system 100 further includes a distribution duct 63, a collection duct 65, and a supply duct 68 for transporting temperature-controlled air A between the air conditioner 61 and the concrete structure 50. The distribution duct 63 is a component that distributes temperature-controlled air A to the inner cylinders 15 of each radiator 10 within the concrete structure 50. As shown in Figure 4(B), a short pipe 41 and an outer cylinder cap 43 are provided at the end of the radiator 10 connected to the distribution duct 63. The short pipe 41 is a pipe that connects the inner cylinder 15 of the radiator 10 to the distribution duct 63. The outer cylinder cap 43 is a component that closes the end of the outer cylinder 12 (the discharge space 18 portion that appears on the end face of the outer cylinder 12), excluding the inside of the inner cylinder 15. The outer cylinder cap 43 has an opening through which the short pipe 41 passes. In other words, the short pipes 41 pass through the outer cylinder cap 43 and are connected to the ends of the inner cylinder 15. The distribution duct 63 is formed in an elongated cylindrical shape in the direction (width direction) in which the multiple short pipes 41 (inner cylinder 15) are lined up. The cross-sectional shape of the distribution duct 63 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is typically rectangular, but it may be circular, elliptical, or polygonal. The size of the distribution duct 63 in the longitudinal direction (size of the cylindrical side surface) is such that it encompasses the entire end faces of the multiple short pipes 41, and the end faces of each radiator 10 are connected to these cylindrical side surfaces via the short pipes 41. Preferably, the height of the side surface of the distribution duct 63 to which each radiator 10 is connected is the same as the thickness of the concrete structure 50. The distribution duct 63 and the radiators 10 are connected via the short pipes 41, allowing the temperature-controlled air A to flow from the distribution duct 63 into the radiators 10. The distribution duct 63 has an inlet 64 formed at one end of its elongated cylindrical shape for introducing temperature-controlled air A. In this embodiment, the distribution duct 63 has no openings other than the connection port to the radiator 10 and the inlet 64, so that all of the temperature-controlled air A introduced from the inlet 64 can be guided to each radiator 10.

[0039] The collection duct 65 is a component that collects the temperature-controlled air A that has flowed through each radiator 10. As shown in Figure 4(C), an inner cylinder cap 45 is provided at the end of the radiator 10 that is connected to the collection duct 65. The inner cylinder cap 45 is a component that closes the end face of the inner cylinder 15. At the end of the radiator 10 that is connected to the collection duct 65, the end face of the inner cylinder 15 is closed by the inner cylinder cap 45, but the end face of the outer cylinder 12 is not closed, and the end of the outer cylinder 12 (the discharge space 18 portion that appears at the end face of the outer cylinder 12), excluding the inside of the inner cylinder 15, is open. Typically, the collection duct 65 has the same size and shape as the distribution duct 63. However, it may have a different shape or size from the distribution duct 63 as long as it can perform the function of collecting temperature-controlled air A. The collection duct 65 has a longitudinal dimension (the size of the cylindrical side surface) that encompasses the entire end face of each of the multiple radiators 10, and the end faces of each radiator 10 are connected to this cylindrical side surface. Preferably, the height of the side surface of the collection duct 65 to which each radiator 10 is connected is the same as the thickness of the concrete structure 50. The collection duct 65 and the discharge space 18 portion that appears on the end face of the outer cylinder 12 are connected at the connection point between them, allowing the temperature-controlled air A to flow from the discharge space 18 in the radiator 10 into the collection duct 65. The collection duct 65 has a return port 66 formed at one end of its elongated cylindrical shape for discharging the temperature-controlled air A. In this embodiment, the return port 66 is formed at the longitudinal end of the collection duct 65 so that the return port 66 of the collection duct 65 is closest to the radiator 10 furthest from the inlet 64 of the distribution duct 63. In this embodiment, a louver is provided at the return port 66. In this embodiment, the collection duct 65 has no openings other than the connection port to the radiator 10 and the return port 66, so that all of the temperature-controlled air A that flows out from the radiator 10 into the collection duct 65 can be guided to the return port 66. If the concrete structure 50 is manufactured in a factory as precast concrete, the distribution duct 63 (including the short pipe 41 and the outer cylinder cap 43) and / or the collection duct 65 (including the inner cylinder cap 45) may be attached to the concrete structure 50 in the factory.Alternatively, the distribution duct 63 (including the short pipe 41 and the outer cylinder cap 43) and / or the collection duct 65 (including the inner cylinder cap 45) may be covered with concrete 51 and molded together as a single unit. In other words, the distribution duct 63 (including the short pipe 41 and the outer cylinder cap 43) and / or the collection duct 65 (including the inner cylinder cap 45) may be included as components of the concrete structure 50.

[0040] The concrete structure 50 to which the distribution duct 63 and collection duct 65 are attached (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "assembly") is formed as a rectangular plate shape overall. The inlet 64 of the distribution duct 63 and the return port 66 of the collection duct 65 are configured to be located diagonally opposite each other on the rectangular assembly. The discharge side of the air conditioner 61 and the inlet 64 of the distribution duct 63 are connected by a supply duct 68. In this embodiment, the return port 66 of the collection duct 65 is not connected to a duct and is open to the space in which the return port 66 is exposed. Consequently, the air conditioner 61 is able to take in air from the surrounding area.

[0041] The operation of the heating and cooling system 100 will be explained by referring to Figures 4(A) to 4(C). The operation of the radiator 10 and the concrete structure 50 will be explained as part of the operation of the heating and cooling system 100. When the configuration of the radiator 10 is referred to in the following explanation, please refer to Figures 1(A), 1(B), and 2 as appropriate. When operating the heating and cooling system 100, first the air conditioner 61 is started. Then, the air around the air conditioner 61 is introduced into the air conditioner 61. The air introduced into the air conditioner 61 is cooled during cooling and heated during heating as it passes through the coil, becoming temperature-controlled air A. The temperature-controlled air A generated by passing through the coil is discharged from the air conditioner 61 by a fan. The temperature-controlled air A discharged from the air conditioner 61 flows through the supply duct 68 and then flows into the distribution duct 63. The temperature-controlled air A that flows into the distribution duct 63 flows toward the end opposite to the side to which the supply duct 68 is connected. As the temperature-controlled air A flows through the distribution duct 63, it encounters a short pipe 41 connected to the radiators 10 which are arranged in the longitudinal direction, and flows into the radiators 10 via the short pipe 41.

[0042] The temperature-controlled air A that flows from the distribution duct 63 to each radiator 10 via the short pipe 41 flows into the inner cylinder 15 to which the short pipe 41 is connected. The temperature-controlled air A that flows into the inner cylinder 15 flows through the inside of the inner cylinder 15 toward the end on which the inner cylinder cap 45 is provided. The temperature-controlled air A flowing through the inside of the inner cylinder 15 flows into the nozzle 20 from the inlet 22 each time it encounters a nozzle 20 arranged along the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 15. Since the end of the inner cylinder 15 is sealed by the inner cylinder cap 45, all of the temperature-controlled air A that flows into the inner cylinder 15 flows into one of the nozzles 20. The temperature-controlled air A that flows into the inside of each nozzle 20 from the inlet 22 passes through the inside of the insertion body 21 and reaches the inside of the exposed body 25, where it changes direction along the curve of the curved section 26 and flows out from the discharge port 28 into the discharge space 18. The temperature-controlled air A flowing out of the discharge port 28 into the discharge space 18 flows along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 12 because the discharge port 28 is located close to the outer cylinder 12. In this embodiment, since the discharge port 28 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 15, the temperature-controlled air A flows mainly in the circumferential direction of the outer cylinder 12, moving overall from the distribution duct 63 side to the collection duct 65 side. As the temperature-controlled air A flowing out into the discharge space 18 flows along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 12, the cold or heat contained in the temperature-controlled air A is transferred to the outer cylinder 12. At this time, if the size of the discharge port 28 is formed so that the flow velocity of the temperature-controlled air A flowing out of the discharge port 28 is approximately 3 m / s to 5 m / s, then the stationary air (velocity boundary layer) that may exist near the inner wall of the outer cylinder 12 is removed or its thickness is reduced, and the heat transfer coefficient increases. As the heat transfer coefficient increases, more of the cold or heat contained in the temperature-controlled air A is transferred to the outer cylinder 12. Furthermore, in this embodiment, multiple nozzles 20 are provided at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction, and the discharge ports 28 of adjacent nozzles 20 alternately face in opposite directions, so that cold or heat can be transferred to the entire outer cylinder 12. In this way, in the radiator 10, the cold or heat contained in the temperature-controlled air A is effectively transferred to the outer cylinder 12 as the temperature-controlled air A flows through it. The cold or heat transferred to the outer cylinder 12 is then transferred to the concrete 51 surrounding the outer cylinder 12, causing the temperature of the concrete 51 to decrease or increase.

[0043] The concrete 51, cooled during cooling and heated during heating due to the transfer of cold or warmth from the outer cylinder 12, radiates cold or warmth from its surface to cool or heat the space facing the concrete 51. In cooling, the cooling sensation is obtained by the absorption of heat from objects in the space to be cooled by the concrete 51, but for convenience, this specification describes it as the concrete 51 radiating cold or warmth. In the heating and cooling system 100, since the heat transfer medium for cooling or heating the concrete 51 is temperature-controlled air A, condensation can be suppressed and water leakage can be avoided compared to when chilled water or hot water is used as the heat transfer medium. If radiant cooling is performed using chilled water as the heat transfer medium, it may be considered to set the temperature of the chilled water to 23°C or higher (a temperature higher than the dew point) to prevent condensation on the radiating surface, but if chilled water at a constant 23°C is flowed, it becomes difficult to quickly follow up when there are fluctuations in the load. In this respect, the heating and cooling system 100 according to this embodiment has excellent responsiveness to load fluctuations because the heat transfer medium is temperature-controlled air A.

[0044] In each radiator 10, the temperature-controlled air A discharged from the discharge port 28 of each nozzle 20 flows along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 12 and moves within the discharge space 18 towards the collection duct 65. Upon reaching the collection duct 65, it flows from the discharge space 18 into the interior of the collection duct 65. The temperature-controlled air A that has flowed from each radiator 10 into the collection duct 65 flows through the collection duct 65 toward the return port 66. At this time, the end of the collection duct 65 where the return port 66 is provided is located diagonally to the end of the distribution duct 63 to which the supply duct 68 is connected, as described above. Therefore, the distance traveled by the temperature-controlled air A that has flowed through each radiator 10 from the inlet 64 to the return port 66 is approximately equal (reverse recirculation method), and the entire concrete 51 can be cooled or heated uniformly. The temperature-controlled air A, which flows through the collection duct 65 and reaches the return port 66, is diffused into the space where the return port 66 is exposed (typically a space where heating or cooling is performed by the radiant heat or cold from the concrete 51). The air diffused from the return port 66 is taken into the air conditioner 61 from the surrounding air, and the above process is repeated thereafter.

[0045] As described above, according to the radiator 10 of this embodiment, the temperature-controlled air A flowing out from the nozzle 20 into the discharge space 18 flows along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 12. This allows the cold or heat contained in the temperature-controlled air A to be efficiently transferred to the outer cylinder 12, enabling the outer cylinder 12 to emit cold or heat. Furthermore, if the temperature-controlled air A flowing out from the discharge port 28 can remove or reduce the thickness of the velocity boundary layer near the inner wall of the outer cylinder 12, more cold or heat can be transferred to the outer cylinder 12. In addition, since multiple nozzles 20 are provided at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction, and the discharge ports 28 of adjacent nozzles 20 alternately face in opposite directions, cold or heat can be transferred to the entire outer cylinder 12. Furthermore, according to the concrete structure 50 of this embodiment, when used as a floor, it can function as a void slab, and can be a structure that combines the advantages of both a radiator and a void slab. Furthermore, according to the heating and cooling system 100 of this embodiment, since it includes a concrete structure 50 equipped with the radiant body 10 described above, heat radiation is emitted from the concrete 51, allowing for efficient cooling or heating of the space to be heated or cooled.

[0046] Next, a modified example of a heating and cooling system 200 will be described with reference to Figures 5(A) and 5(B). Figure 5(A) is an exploded perspective view showing the schematic configuration of the heating and cooling system 200, and Figure 5(B) is a perspective view showing the schematic configuration of the heating and cooling system 200. The heating and cooling system 200 is similar in configuration to the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)), but mainly differs in that a radiating unit 70 according to one embodiment is provided instead of the concrete structure 50 (see Figure 4(A)). The radiating unit 70 is constructed by arranging multiple radiating bodies 10 in parallel on a virtual plane and covering them with a reflector 71. In other words, the radiating unit 70 is constructed by providing a reflector 71 instead of covering multiple radiating bodies 10 with concrete in the concrete structure 50 (see Figure 4(A)). The reflector 71 increases the amount of heat radiated in a predetermined direction by reflecting a portion of the cold or heat radiated from the radiator 10 in a predetermined direction (desired direction).

[0047] Typically, the reflector 71 is formed to a size that can encompass all of the multiple radiators 10 arranged on a virtual plane in a plan view. In this embodiment, the reflector 71 is basically a thin rectangular plate, with a pair of opposing sides curved in a quarter-circle arc shape in a cross section perpendicular to those sides. However, the shape of the reflector 71 can be appropriately determined according to the direction and amount of heat to be reflected from the radiant heat from the radiators 10. It is preferable that the reflecting surface 72 of the reflector 71, which is the surface facing the radiators 10 and reflects the radiant heat from the radiators 10, is configured to have a high emissivity. As a measure to increase the emissivity of the reflecting surface 72, for example, a water-repellent black paint can be applied to the entire reflecting surface 72. On the other hand, it is preferable that the back surface 73 on the back side of the reflecting surface 72 be made of a silver color with a metallic luster and low emissivity, for example, to suppress radiation from the back surface 73. By providing such a reflector 71, the thermal radiation from the radiators 10 can be made directional. The reflector 71 is provided so as to cover one side of a rectangular plate when the multiple radiators 10 arranged on a virtual plane are considered as a whole.

[0048] The heating and cooling system 200 includes, in addition to the radiant unit 70 described above, an air conditioner 61, a distribution duct 63 (including a short pipe 41 and an outer cylinder cap 43), and a collection duct 65 (including an inner cylinder cap 45), similar to the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)). Note that the area around the air conditioner 61 is not shown in Figure 5(A). The connection configuration of the distribution duct 63 and the collection duct 65 to each radiant element 10 of the radiant unit 70 is the same as that of the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)). Also, the connection between the air conditioner 61 and the inlet 64 of the distribution duct 63 by the supply duct 68 is the same as that of the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)). However, in the heating and cooling system 200, the return port 66 of the collection duct 65 is not open to the space where the return port 66 is exposed via a louver, but rather the return port 66 is connected to the intake side of the air conditioner 61 by a return duct 69. In the heating and cooling system 200, the radiant unit 70 and the air conditioner 61 are typically installed on the ceiling of the space to be heated or cooled. Therefore, the radiant unit 70 and the air conditioner 61 are placed in close proximity to each other, and the supply duct 68 and return duct 69 can be relatively short. The radiant unit 70 is positioned such that the reflector 71 is further away from the space to be heated or cooled than the radiating body 10. Therefore, the reflective surface 72 of the reflector 71 faces the space to be heated or cooled. The other configurations of the heating and cooling system 200 are the same as those of the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)).

[0049] The operation of the heating and cooling system 200 configured as described above will now be explained. When the heating and cooling system 200 is operated, the air conditioner 61 is started, and temperature-controlled air A is generated in the air conditioner 61. The generated temperature-controlled air A flows into each radiator 10 via the supply duct 68 and the distribution duct 63, just as in the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)). Also, the temperature-controlled air A that flows into each radiator 10 transmits its stored cold or heat to the outer cylinder 12 as it reaches the collection duct 65, just as in the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)).

[0050] In the heating and cooling system 200, the outer cylinder 12, which is cooled or heated by the transfer of cold or warm air A, radiates cold or warm heat from its surface to cool or heat the space facing the outer cylinder 12. At this time, the heat radiated from the surface of the outer cylinder 12 facing away from the space to be cooled or heated is reflected by the reflective surface 72 of the reflector 71 and radiated back into the space to be cooled or heated. As a result, almost all of the heat radiated from the entire side surface of the outer cylinder 12 is directed towards the space to be cooled or heated, enabling efficient cooling and heating of the space. In the case of cooling, the feeling of coolness is obtained by the absorption of heat from objects present in the space to be cooled by the outer cylinder 12, but for convenience, this specification describes it as the radiation of cold or warm air from the outer cylinder 12. Furthermore, the heating and cooling system 200 can also suppress condensation, avoid water leakage, and has excellent responsiveness to load fluctuations.

[0051] As with the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)), the conditioned air A that has finished flowing through each radiator 10 flows into the collection duct 65 and flows through the collection duct 65 toward the return port 66. Subsequently, in the heating and cooling system 200, the conditioned air A that has reached the return port 66 flows through the return duct 69 and is introduced into the air conditioner 61. The conditioned air A introduced into the air conditioner 61 is then temperature-controlled again and discharged from the air conditioner 61, and the above process is repeated thereafter. With the heating and cooling system 200 operating in this manner, the cold or heat radiated from the radiators 10 (outer cylinder 12) is directed almost entirely toward the space to be heated or cooled with the help of the reflector 71, thus enabling efficient radiant heating and cooling for the space to be heated or cooled.

[0052] In the above description, the shape of the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the outer cylinder 12 was assumed to be like that of an athletics track, but it may also be elliptical or circular. If the shape of the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the outer cylinder 12 is circular, the nozzles 20 may be placed at any position on the circumference of the inner cylinder 15. For example, the nozzles 20, which are arranged at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 15, may be shifted by predetermined angles (e.g., 60°, 90°, 120°, etc.) when viewed in the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the inner cylinder 15.

[0053] In the above explanation, it was assumed that the direction of the discharge port 28 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 15. However, it may be inclined at a predetermined angle (for example, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, etc.) downstream of the flow direction of the temperature-controlled air A with respect to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 15. Also, it was assumed that the first direction and the second direction, which are the directions of the discharge ports 28 of adjacent nozzles 20, are opposite directions (the angle between the vector of the first direction and the vector of the second direction is 180°). However, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be 150°, 120°, 90°, 60°, 30°, etc.

[0054] The above description refers to the case where the concrete structure 50 is used as a floor (or ceiling for the space below), but it may also be used as a wall. Furthermore, the above description assumes that the radiant unit 70 is installed on the ceiling of the space to be heated or cooled, but it may also be installed on a wall.

[0055] In the above description, it was assumed that in the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)), the return port 66 of the collection duct 65 is open to the space in which the return port 66 is exposed via a louver. However, in the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)), the return port 66 and the air conditioner 61 may be connected by a return duct 69, as in the heating and cooling system 200 (see Figure 5(B)). On the other hand, in the heating and cooling system 200 (see Figure 5(B)), it was assumed that the return port 66 of the collection duct 65 and the air conditioner 61 are connected by a return duct 69. However, in the heating and cooling system 200 (see Figure 5(B)), the return port 66 of the collection duct 65 may be opened to the space in which the return port 66 is exposed via a louver, without providing a return duct 69, as in the heating and cooling system 100 (see Figure 4(A)). [Explanation of Symbols]

[0056] 10 Radiant 12 Outer cylinder 15 Inner cylinder 18 Discharge space 20 nozzles 28 Outlet 30 Supports 31 bands 33 Nail fragments 50 Concrete Structures 51 Concrete 61 Air conditioner 70 Radiation Unit 71 Reflector A Temperature-controlled air

Claims

1. Outer cylinder and An inner cylinder is placed in the space inside the outer cylinder, through which a gaseous heat transfer medium flows; The system includes a nozzle that guides the heat transfer medium flowing inside the inner cylinder into the space inside the outer cylinder, located outside the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder is positioned such that its axis extends in the same direction as the axis of the outer cylinder. The nozzle has a discharge port formed in a direction intersecting the direction in which the axis of the inner cylinder extends and along the inner wall of the outer cylinder for discharging the heat transfer medium. radiant.

2. Multiple nozzles are provided at intervals in the direction in which the axis of the inner cylinder extends. The radiator according to claim 1.

3. Of the plurality of nozzles, the first nozzle has its discharge port formed in a direction that discharges the heat transfer medium in a first predetermined direction, and the second nozzle has its discharge port formed in a direction that discharges the heat transfer medium in a second predetermined direction different from the first predetermined direction. The radiator according to claim 2.

4. The support device comprises a band that encloses the outer surface of the inner cylinder and a claw-shaped piece that protrudes from the band and engages with the outer cylinder. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The radiator comprises concrete covering the periphery of the radiator, Concrete structure.

6. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, A reflector positioned near the radiator, the reflector reflects heat radiated from the radiator in a predetermined direction, Radiation unit.

7. A concrete structure according to claim 5 or a radiation unit according to claim 6, The system includes a temperature controller that adjusts the temperature of the heat transfer medium flowing into the inner cylinder. Heating and cooling system.

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