High-speed 3D X-ray imaging using multiple pulsed X-ray sources by deflecting the tube electron beam using an electromagnetic field.

Abstract

An X-ray imaging system is presented that uses multiple pulsed X-ray sources to perform highly efficient and ultrafast 3D X-ray photography. There are multiple pulsed X-ray sources mounted on a moving structure to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously as a group at a constant speed on a predefined arcuate track relative to the subject. The electron beam inside each individual X-ray tube is deflected by a magnetic or electric field to move the focal spot a small distance. When the focal spot of the X-ray tube beam has a speed equal to the group speed but with an opposite direction of movement, the X-ray source and the X-ray flat panel detector are actuated via an external exposure control unit such that the source tubes remain equally stationary for a moment. The 3D scan can cover a much wider sweep angle in a much shorter time, and image analysis can also be performed in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention claims the priority of Provisional Application No. 63182426 filed on April 30, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63226508 filed on July 28, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63170288 filed on April 2, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63175952 filed on April 16, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63194071 filed on May 27, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63188919 filed on May 14, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63225194 filed on July 23, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63209498 filed on June 11, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63214913 filed on June 25, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63220924 filed on July 12, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63222847 filed on July 16, 2021, Provisional Application No. 63224521 filed on July 22, 2021, and U.S. Application No. 17149133 filed on January 24, 2021 (this application claims the priority of Provisional Application No. 62967325 filed on January 29, 2020), the contents of which are incorporated by reference.

[0002] This patent specification is in the field of 3D X-ray imaging systems and methods, and particularly relates to the use of pulsed X-ray sources and X-ray digital flat panel detectors.

Background Art

[0003] Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) performs high-resolution limited-angle tomography at radiation dose levels comparable to conventional X-ray imaging.

[0004] When tomosynthesis is performed, the X-ray source needs to move in an arc around the subject being scanned. While the X-ray source moves around the subject, a series of X-ray images are acquired at different angles.

[0005] The collected dataset allows for the reconstruction of parallel planes. Each plane is in focus, while tissue images outside the plane are blurred. Generally, a wider sweep angle will generate more data projections and result in better 3D resolution, but this will take longer. In addition, data processing is manufacturer-specific, as various reconstruction algorithms may be used.

[0006] These types of digital tomosynthesis systems and methods can be applied to X-ray 3D imaging applications such as X-ray mammography, X-ray 3D chest diagnostic systems for COVID, X-ray 3D non-destructive testing (NDT) systems, and X-ray 3D security inspection systems.

[0007] Prior art exists that uses a single X-ray source and a single flat panel to perform X-ray 3D imaging. However, some of these prior art techniques have drawbacks.

[0008] The main drawback is that a single X-ray source takes a very long time to acquire a good data projection. This is true for both continuous mode and step-and-shoot mode. In continuous mode, the X-ray source emits X-rays while it is moving, while in step-and-shoot mode, the X-ray source moves to one location, stops, emits X-rays, and continues moving to the next location.

[0009] While all patients desire the fastest possible X-ray imaging, there are requirements for the minimum X-ray source movement sweep angle. If the sweep angle is too small, the X-ray source cannot move much, and the total required time is short, the number of data projections from the system will be small. A small number of data projections leads to a decrease in depth resolution and a loss of detail. On the other hand, if the sweep angle needs to be large enough for good data projections with better 3D resolution, the single X-ray source moves mechanically for too long, causing discomfort to the patient and making it impossible for the breast to remain still. In some cases, a 50-degree sweep can take as long as 30 seconds.

[0010] The second drawback is that everything is slow, making real-time reconstruction difficult. Typically, prior art takes tens of seconds to complete a sweep.

[0011] This invention proposes high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using multiple pulsed X-ray sources by deflecting the X-ray tube electron beam using either an electric or magnetic field. High-speed 3D X-ray imaging utilizes motion control, multiple pulsed X-ray sources, and a deflection electric or magnetic field.

[0012] The mechanism for deflecting the electron beam using a magnetic field is similar to that used in a cathode ray tube with a magnetic deflection yoke. However, the present invention deflects the electron beam horizontally in only one direction.

[0013] Another method of deflecting an electron beam is to place a pair of electrodes inside or outside the X-ray tube after the electron gun structure. Electrostatic deflection is more common at high frequencies than driving a large inductance of a deflection magnetic yoke.

[0014] Compared to electrostatic deflection, magnetic deflection allows for fewer obstructions in the X-ray tube and enables larger diameter electron beams. [Overview of the project]

[0015] A system for providing high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using a plurality of moving pulse-actuated X-ray sources, comprising: a primary motor stage that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape; a primary motor that engages with the primary motor stage and controls the speed of the primary motor stage; a plurality of X-ray sources, each moved on the primary motor stage; a support frame structure that provides a housing for the primary motor stage; a flat panel detector for receiving X-ray imaging data; and a deflection plate for generating an electric field or a magnetic coil yoke for generating a magnetic field in an X-ray tube electron beam.

[0016] In a second embodiment, a method for high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulse-operated X-ray sources includes positioning a primary motor stage at a predetermined initial location; sweeping the primary motor stage at a predetermined constant speed using the primary motor; deflecting the X-ray tube electron beam in a predetermined sequence by applying a voltage to a plate or by applying a current to a magnetic coil; electrically activating the X-ray source and the X-ray flat panel detector when the X-ray tube focal point moves in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage and at a selected speed of the primary motor stage; and acquiring image data from the X-ray source using the flat panel.

[0017] In another embodiment, an X-ray imaging system is presented that performs ultrafast, highly efficient 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulsed-actuated X-ray sources. In this system, multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources are mounted on a structure that moves to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously around the subject on a predetermined track at a constant group velocity. The X-ray tube focus at each X-ray source can also be rapidly moved around the stationary position of the X-ray source focus at a short distance by a deflection electric field or deflection magnetic field. When the X-ray tube focus on an individual X-ray source has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to stop relative to each other during the X-ray pulse-triggered exposure duration. Multiple X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for each individual X-ray source. The X-ray receptor is an X-ray flat panel detector. 3D X-ray imaging projection data can be acquired over a much shorter period and with a much wider overall sweep, and image analysis can be performed in real time while the scan is in progress.

[0018] In another embodiment, an X-ray imaging system that performs highly efficient and ultrafast 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulsed-actuated X-ray sources includes multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources mounted on a structure that moves to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously relative to the subject on a predetermined arc-shaped track at a constant velocity as a group. The focal point of each individual X-ray source can also move rapidly around a stationary focal position at a short distance. When the X-ray tube focal point of an individual X-ray source has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source and X-ray detector are actuated via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to remain relatively stationary during X-ray source actuation and X-ray detector exposure. The X-ray receptor is an X-ray flat panel detector. The operation of multiple moving X-ray sources results in a significant reduction in the source tube travel distance for each individual X-ray source. 3D X-ray imaging data can be acquired in a much shorter time and with a much wider sweep angle overall, and image analysis can also be performed in real time while the scan progresses.

[0019] In the implementation, X-rays can also be activated randomly from any one of the sources in the array using a random emission scheme. The results of each analysis and the cumulative analysis determine the next X-ray source and exposure conditions. 3D X-ray images are reconstructed based on each image with an angled geometric arrangement of the X-ray exposure sources. Broader applications include 3D mammography or tomosynthesis, 3D chest X-rays for COVID, or 3D NDT, high-speed 3D X-ray security screening.

[0020] The advantages of the above system include one or more of the following: Various embodiments of multiple moving X-ray sources are used in novel ultrafast 3D X-ray imaging systems.

[0021] The first advantage is that the entire system is several times faster. Each X-ray source only needs to mechanically move a small portion of its total distance along an arc-shaped trajectory. This significantly reduces the data acquisition time required for patients in X-ray diagnostic equipment.

[0022] The second advantage is that image analysis can also be performed in real time as the scanning progresses. The judgment on the captured image will affect the X-ray source focus position for the next imaging. In order to perform hierarchical image reconstruction, there is no need to wait until the acquisition of the entire image is completed.

[0023] The third advantage is that, due to the reduction of motion artifacts, it is possible to obtain high-resolution and high-contrast images. Each X-ray source has an electric or magnetic field of the X-ray source that can move the X-ray source focus around the origin of the X-ray source focus. The combination of the focus movement speed and the track speed results in the relative stationary position of the X-ray source at the moment when each X-ray source is activated.

[0024] The fourth advantage is that the system can perform a much wider sweep and acquire more data projections at a higher speed. More data projections mean better image composition, which results in a reduction in the misdiagnosis rate.

[0025] The fifth advantage is that, due to wider angle and faster imaging acquisition, it is possible to add a time component to 3D spatial imaging to form a 4D imaging dataset.

[0026] The present invention is described from the perspective of preferred embodiments, and equivalents, alternatives, and modifications other than those explicitly described are possible and are recognized to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] [Figure 1] An ultra-high-speed 3D digital X-ray imaging system having a plurality of moving X-ray source tubes using a deflection electric field is illustrated.

[0028] [Figure 2]An example of a part of an ultra-fast 3D digital X-ray imaging system having a moving X-ray source tube that uses a bias magnetic field is illustrated.

[0029] [Figure 3] An example of a system having five X-ray sources that take 25 sets of projection data by each X-ray source moving only one-fifth of the total distance is illustrated.

[0030] [Figure 4] An exemplary deflection of an electron beam in an X-ray tube by a pair of magnetic coils when current flows through the coils is illustrated.

[0031] [Figure 5] An exemplary deflection of an electron beam in an X-ray tube by a pair of electric plates through a voltage difference is illustrated.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0032] The following discussion details one embodiment of the present invention (and some variations of that embodiment). However, this discussion should not be construed as limiting the present invention to those particular embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many other embodiments as well. For a definition of the full scope of the present invention, reference is made to the appended claims.

[0033] Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, for example, figures, schematic diagrams, illustrations, etc., represent conceptual diagrams or processes illustrating systems and methods embodying the present invention. The functions of the various elements shown in the figures may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware and hardware capable of running associated software. Similarly, any switches shown in the figures are purely conceptual. Their functions may be performed through the operation of programmed logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of programmed control and dedicated logic, or even manually, and this particular technique may be selectable by the entity implementing the present invention. Those skilled in the art will further understand that the exemplary hardware, software, processes, methods, and operating systems described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are therefore not intended to be limited to any particular manufacturer.

[0034] A novel ultrafast 3D digital imaging system with a multi-pulse operated X-ray source that deflects a tube electron beam using an electric field is shown in Figure 1. The system comprises a primary motor 3 engaged with a primary motor stage 4, a plurality of X-ray tubes 6, each housed in an X-ray source tube housing 5, and a pair of deflection electric plates 7 on each side of each tube 6. The X-ray source tube housing 5 is mounted on a support frame structure 2, and all of the X-ray source tube housings 5 ​​move together on the primary motor stage 4.

[0035] By applying a voltage difference to the electric deflection plates 7, an electric field is created between the electric deflection plates 7, as shown in Figure 5. The strength of the electric field varies with the applied voltage. Deflection of the electron beam of the X-ray tube can be achieved by using a deflection magnetic field as shown in Figure 4. The primary motor 3 mechanically engages with the primary motor stage 4 to control the speed of the primary motor stage 4. The X-ray source moves in an arc at the same speed as the primary motor stage 4, and the primary motor 3 is located on one side of the primary motor stage 4. The support frame structure 2 provides housing for the primary motor stage 4 and the X-ray source. The flat panel detector 1 receives X-ray imaging data. The yokes of the pair of deflection plates 7 or the pair of magnetic coils 8 generate an electric or magnetic field in the X-ray tube electron beam 9.

[0036] Multiple pulsed X-ray sources or X-ray tubes 6 are mounted on a primary motor stage 4 to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously relative to the subject on a predetermined arc-shaped track at a constant speed as a group. The electron beam 9 inside each individual X-ray tube can be deflected by a magnetic or electric field to shift its focal point by a small distance. When the focal point of the X-ray tube beam has a speed equal to the group speed but in the opposite direction of movement, the X-ray tubes 6 and the X-ray flat panel detector 1 are actuated via an external exposure control unit so that the source tubes are equally stationary for a moment. When multiple sources or X-ray tubes 6 are operating in parallel, the system moves only a fraction of the distance that a single-tube system would have to travel. As a result, 3D scanning can cover a much wider sweep angle in a much shorter time, and image analysis can also be performed in real time.

[0037] To power the moving structure, the primary motor 3 engages with the primary motor stage 4 by gears. The primary motor 3 can move the primary motor stage 4 along a rigid rail at a predetermined constant speed. By applying a voltage to a pair of deflection electric plates 7 in the X-ray tube 6, the X-ray tube electrons can be deflected before they reach the X-ray tube target 11. By fine-tuning the voltage, the electron focus can be moved along the direction of the primary motion stage 4. The X-ray tube 6 and the X-ray flat panel detector 1 are triggered when the focus velocity is equal to that of the primary motion stage 4 and in the opposite direction. At this trigger, the X-ray tube 6 and the X-ray detector 1 are in fact in a relative stationary position.

[0038] A primary motion stage 4, equipped with X-ray sources, moves on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape, and the X-ray sources are moved on the primary motion stage 4 at a constant speed by the primary motor 3. Multiple X-ray sources are mounted on the primary motion stage 4 in the form of an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously around the subject on a predetermined track at a constant speed as a group. The focal points of the X-ray sources can also move rapidly around the stationary position of the focal point at a short distance. When the X-ray tube focal point on an individual X-ray source has a speed equal to the group speed but in the opposite direction of movement, each X-ray source is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration. Multiple X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for each individual X-ray source. A flat panel detector 1 is placed on a support frame structure to receive X-ray imaging data. The pair of deflection plates 7 or the yoke of the magnetic coil 8 are positioned to generate an electric field or magnetic coil in the X-ray tube electron beam 9.

[0039] Multiple X-ray tubes 6 in the array are mechanically moved along a predetermined arc-shaped track by a primary motor stage 4. A set of multiple X-ray tubes can be connected to the primary motor stage 4 via a rack-and-pinion type mechanical structure, or fixed on multiple bases with a fixed distance between them. The X-ray tube focus is deflected in one direction and in opposite directions by an electric or magnetic field. While moving along the arc-shaped track, individual X-ray tubes are rapidly moved around their stationary position by the deflection electric or magnetic field. X-ray sources from one of the sources can be activated randomly via a control unit, allowing for real-time acquisition and analysis of 3D X-ray imaging data while scanning progresses. A preferred method for triggering multiple moving pulse-actuated X-ray sources includes positioning a primary motor stage 4 at a predetermined initial location; sweeping the primary motor stage at a predetermined constant speed using the primary motor 3; deflecting the X-ray tube electron beam 9 in a predetermined sequence by applying a voltage to a plate or applying a current to a magnetic coil; electrically activating the X-ray sources and the X-ray flat panel detector 1 as the X-ray tube focus moves in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage 4 and at a selected speed of the primary motor stage 4; and acquiring image data from the X-ray flat panel detector 1.

[0040] The X-ray source tube housing 5 is pivotably mounted on an axis parallel to the X-ray source mounting plate and is coupled to a rotary drive mechanism that rotates the X-ray source tube housing around an axis parallel to the X-ray source mounting plate. In this application, the rotation angle is specified by angle "β". The amount of the rotation angle can be set by the user based on specific requirements. In exemplary embodiments, the rotation angle is about 12.5 degrees. A single rotary driver couples the X-ray source tube housing 5 to a geared motor for rotating the X-ray source tube housing 5. The rotary drive mechanism comprises two pulley pairs, each pulley pair mounted on each end of the X-ray source tube housing 5 and coupled by a drive gear. The pulley pairs drive the gears and rotate the X-ray source tube housing 5 when the rotary driver is actuated by software. The preferred speed range for the X-ray tube housing 5 is about 20 mm / sec to about 50 mm / sec.

[0041] A pair of deflection plates 7 are positioned in the arc of the X-ray source and the X-ray flat panel detector 1. The deflection plates 7 are adjusted to positions where the X-ray source and the flat panel detector 1 are not aligned. When the arc shape is predetermined and the X-ray source is mechanically moved in a circular motion around the focal point of the X-ray source according to a speed control unit that controls the speed of the primary motor 3 in conjunction with an X-ray exposure control unit that controls the duration of the X-rays output from the X-ray source via a trigger signal generated from a trigger source, the X-ray source will trace a curve in 3D space on the detector. At the same time, the X-ray source will also rotate to some extent in 3D space to trace the corresponding curve on the detector. Image data can be reconstructed using knowledge of the target subject structure at each point the X-ray source passes through. Knowledge of the geometric shape of the target subject can be calculated using pre-measured landmarks and image processing tools to produce an accurate geometric model of the internal structure within the patient. One embodiment includes a set of two-dimensional or three-dimensional cameras for detecting patient movement during treatment and correcting patient movement in real time.

[0042] A support frame structure 2 provides housing for the X-ray source moving mechanism. An arc-shaped rail, which may be part of a single-axis motion stage, is provided to move in one direction along a circular track. An electronic controller (not shown) allows for precise control of the speed of the arc-shaped rail. Multiple pulse-actuated X-ray sources are mounted on the moving mechanism in an array around the periphery of the arc-shaped rail. Any suitable type of X-ray tube can be used for the X-ray sources. The arc-shaped rail and its associated structures can be moved smoothly on the support frame structure 2 at high speed with minimal friction. Each X-ray source is triggered when the X-ray source is in a predetermined position relative to the patient during sweeping. Each X-ray source must be positioned so that the focal point of the X-ray source does not irradiate any part of the patient until the X-ray source is triggered.

[0043] In one embodiment, the system performs ultrafast, highly efficient 3D X-ray imaging using a moving multi-pulse-actuated X-ray source. In this system, multiple pulse-actuated X-ray sources are mounted on a structure that moves to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously around the subject on a predetermined track at a constant group velocity. The X-ray tube focus at each X-ray source can also be rapidly moved around a short-distance stationary position of the X-ray tube focus by a deflection electric field or deflection magnetic field. When the X-ray tube focus on an individual X-ray source has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, each X-ray source is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse-triggered exposure duration. Multiple X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for each individual X-ray source. The X-ray receptor is an X-ray flat panel detector 1. As a result, 3D X-ray imaging data can be acquired with much shorter and overall wider sweeps, and image analysis can be performed in real time while the scan is in progress.

[0044] More details of the ultrafast 3D digital imaging system with a multi-pulse operated X-ray source that deflects a tube electron beam 9 using a deflection magnetic field are shown in Figure 2, which shows one of several X-ray sources, each of which includes a pair of magnetic deflection coils 8 placed in an X-ray tube 6 inside an X-ray source tube housing 5. By applying current to the magnetic deflection coils 8, a magnetic field is generated between the pair of magnetic deflection coils 8. The strength of the magnetic field changes depending on the current flowing through the magnetic coils.

[0045] During operation, the primary motor 3 engages with the primary stage 4 by gears to move the X-ray source within the housing 5. The primary motor 3 can move the primary stage 4 along a rigid rail at a predetermined constant speed. By applying current to a pair of magnetic deflection coils 8 in the X-ray tube 6, the X-ray tube electron beam 9 can be deflected by a force from the magnetic field before the electrons reach the X-ray tube target. By fine-tuning the current, the electron focus can be moved along the direction of the primary motor stage 4. The X-ray tube 6 and X-ray detector 1 are triggered when the movement speed of the X-ray tube focus is equal to the speed of the primary motion stage 4 and in opposite directions. At this trigger, the X-ray tube 6 and X-ray detector 1 are in fact in relative stationary positions.

[0046] The X-ray tube 6 is the heart of the X-ray machine. The X-ray tube 6 has high-voltage terminals connected to an external high-voltage power supply via wires. The X-ray tube 6 generates an electric current along the electron gun array in the vacuum chamber within the X-ray tube 6.

[0047] A pair of magnetic deflection coils 8 are used to adjust the beam of the X-ray tube 6. The X-ray tube 6 or X-ray source can be a point source, but a smaller focal size is preferable. A smaller focal size results in better image resolution. A spectrally filtered X-ray tube is preferable to generate an X-ray beam in the desired energy range. The tube mounting assembly provides electrical and mechanical connections between the X-ray tube 6 and the primary motor stage 4. The tube mounting assembly has metal to shield from electrical interference at secondary, tertiary, or higher levels. The front and rear covers may provide shielding from ambient radiation and airborne particles, respectively.

[0048] An X-ray source tube housing 5, in which an X-ray tube 6 is mounted, is movable on a primary motor stage 4. The X-ray source tube housing 5 is mounted on a primary motor stage 4 that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail at a predetermined constant speed, a primary motor 3 that controls the speed of the primary motor stage 4, and a plurality of X-ray sources (one of which is housed in the X-ray source tube housing 5) that all move simultaneously at the same speed as the primary motor stage 4. An X-ray flat panel detector 1 is configured to receive X-rays and transmit imaging data. The X-ray flat panel detector 1 is mounted around the rotation center of the primary motor stage 4 and is positioned at the rotation center to receive the X-ray beam that has passed through a portion of the object during inspection. An array of five X-ray sources is mounted on the X-ray source tube housing 5 at equal angles to each other, and these X-ray sources move at a constant speed with the primary motor stage 4. A collimator positioned between the X-ray source tube housing 5 and the flat panel X-ray detector 1 along the motion axis of the primary motor stage 4 can limit the horizontal component of the passing X-ray beam. The support frame structure 2 provides a housing for the primary motor stage 4 and electric field deflection devices such as a pair of deflection plates 7.

[0049] The primary motor 3 provides the drive motion for moving the primary motor stage 4 along a predetermined track. Multiple X-ray sources are mounted on the primary motor stage 4 to sequentially emit X-rays. The X-ray sources are arranged in an array configuration, and each X-ray source moves simultaneously with other X-ray sources on the primary motor stage along the same path at a constant speed and a group speed. A flat panel detector 1 is typically mounted on a support frame structure 2 to receive X-rays and transmit imaging data. A pair of electric deflection plates 7 or magnetic deflection coils 8 yokes are positioned in front of the X-ray tube target 11 to control the position of the X-ray source focal point. Technical features of the X-ray imaging system that performs ultrafast, highly efficient 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulse-actuated X-ray sources: The first technical feature is that the primary motor stage 4 moves along a predetermined track. Each X-ray source moves with the primary motor stage 4 along a predetermined track, and the X-ray sources move simultaneously with other X-ray sources on the primary motor stage 4 along the same path at a constant speed and a group speed.

[0050] The primary motor stage 4 may move freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape. A primary motor 3, which engages with the primary motor stage 4, controls the speed of the primary motor stage 4. In a particular implementation, X-ray sources may be mounted on the primary motor stage 4 and move simultaneously around a subject on a predetermined track at a constant group speed. The X-ray tube focus of each X-ray source can also be rapidly moved around a short-distance stationary position of the X-ray tube focus by a deflection electric field or deflection magnetic field. When the X-ray tube focus on an individual X-ray source has a speed equal to the group speed but in the opposite direction of movement, each X-ray source is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration. Multiple X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for each individual X-ray source. The X-ray receptor is an X-ray flat panel detector 1. As a result, 3D X-ray imaging data can be acquired with much shorter and overall wider sweeps, and image analysis can be performed in real time while the scan is in progress.

[0051] The primary motion stage 4 is mounted on a fixed base structure of the frame and is positioned to move freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape. The primary motor 3 drives the primary motor stage 4. The primary motor speed controller controls the speed of the primary motor stage based on the desired travel time and input from the computer system during scanning (or programmed timing). A power supply is connected to the primary motor to provide power for the operation of the primary motor. The primary motor stage 4 is a drive element that moves in a sweeping motion at a constant speed in this direction along the rail of the base structure and is controlled by the primary motor 3. The center of the primary motor stage 4 is a cylinder that supports the X-ray tube and the high-voltage generator.

[0052] An X-ray imaging system for providing high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulse-actuated X-ray sources together with a primary motor stage 4 that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape; an X-ray flat panel detector 1; a primary motor 3 that engages with the primary motor stage 4 and controls the speed of the primary motor stage 4; multiple X-ray sources, each moved on the primary motor stage 4; a support frame structure 2 that provides housing for the primary motor stage 4; a flat panel detector 1 for receiving X-ray imaging data; and a yoke for a pair of deflection plates 7 for generating an electric field or a pair of magnetic coils 8 for generating a magnetic field in an X-ray tube electron beam 9. A method for high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulse-operated X-ray sources includes positioning a primary motor stage 4 at a predetermined initial location, sweeping the primary motor stage at a predetermined constant speed using the primary motor 3, deflecting the X-ray tube electron beam 9 in a predetermined sequence by applying a voltage to a plate or applying a current to a magnetic coil 8, electrically activating the X-ray sources and flat panel detector as the X-ray tube focus moves in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage 4 and at a selected speed of the primary motor stage 4, and acquiring image data from the flat panel detector. In one embodiment, an X-ray imaging system is presented that performs ultrafast, high-efficiency DX-ray imaging using multiple moving pulse-operated X-ray sources.

[0053] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary total X-ray exposure position. In this example, there are five X-ray tubes 6 within the X-ray source housing 5, and the five X-ray tubes 6 in the X-ray source housing 5 perform a total of 25 X-ray exposures at different angular positions. Each of the five X-ray tubes 6 only needs to move one-fifth of the total coverage angle. Therefore, multiple X-ray tubes 6 operate in parallel, and a large amount of projection data can be acquired in a fraction of the time compared to that of a single X-ray source. The X-ray flat panel detector 1 is made to function as an X-ray receiver. Electronic signals always travel faster than mechanical motion signals, and the bottleneck rate-limiting factor is always the motor stage motion itself. The next bottleneck is the detector readout rate limiting factor, because the detector also needs some time to read out a lot of megapixel data and transfer it to the computer.

[0054] Given the widely available and widespread ultrafast computers, image acquisition and real-time image analysis are possible. Decisions made on the acquired images will influence the position of the X-ray tube 6 for the next acquisition. It is not necessary to wait until the acquisition of the entire image is complete in order to perform image reconstruction. Figure 3 illustrates how a system with five X-ray sources acquires 25 sets of projection data by moving only one-fifth of the total distance. The X-ray tube 6 is either a group of multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources to form an array of sources, or a group of multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources mounted on a moving structure to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously relative to the subject on a predetermined arc-shaped track at a constant velocity as a group. The focal point at each X-ray source can also move rapidly around the stationary position of the focal point at a short distance. When the X-ray tube focal point of each X-ray source has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the X-ray sources and X-ray detectors are operated via an external exposure control unit.

[0055] This configuration allows the X-ray source to remain relatively stationary during source operation and detector exposure. The X-ray receptor is an X-ray flat-panel detector. The first advantage is that the entire system is several times faster. Each X-ray source only needs to mechanically move a small portion of the total distance in an arc-shaped trajectory. This significantly reduces the data acquisition time required for patients in the X-ray diagnostic machine. The second advantage is that image analysis can be performed in real time as the scan progresses. The decisions made on the acquired images will influence the X-ray source focal position for the next scan.

[0056] The X-ray source tube housing 5 houses a primary X-ray tube 6 powered by a high-voltage generator. Although this patent describes only one primary X-ray tube source, it should be understood that two or more sources may be used simultaneously to acquire different parts of a 3D image dataset. The primary X-ray tube housing 5 is mounted on a movable structure (not shown) having a motor-controlled system for allowing movement in any direction on an arc rail that forms part of an arc track or helical motion track around a patient. The high-voltage generator outputs a high-voltage current that flows through a power cable leading to an input connector on the back of the primary X-ray tube. In addition, the X-ray source may have a separate voltage controller that can adjust the output voltages of both the high-voltage primary X-ray tube and the individual X-ray tube focus shift voltages to control the focal position around a stationary position.

[0057] Multiple X-ray tubes 6 are arranged in an array. In an exemplary embodiment, the X-ray tubes 6 are mounted on a structure that is moved relative to the object by a primary motor on an arc-shaped rail. A sequence of moving the X-ray tube structure at a constant speed and a small angle is predetermined to create an array of X-ray tubes moving simultaneously around the object. At each point in time, the direction of movement of the X-ray tubes, the distance between adjacent X-ray tubes, and the time delay between adjacent X-ray tubes can be determined to form an arc-shaped trajectory for all the X-ray tubes. At a particular timing point, the focal point (electron beam) of each X-ray tube is moved around the stationary position of the focal point by a predetermined electric or magnetic field from a deflection plate. A high-voltage supply can generate a deflection field in a pair of deflection plates that deflects the focal point of the X-ray tube by a predetermined distance to a new location that forms a predetermined geometric shape, as illustrated in Figure 5.

[0058] An X-ray flat panel detector 1 is used as a detector in an X-ray imaging system. The X-ray flat panel detector 1 comprises a plurality of individual detector panels arranged in two dimensions to form a square or rectangular shape and may be sensitive to X-rays. The X-ray flat panel detector 1 is an ultrafast, high-efficiency active pixel sensor flat panel detector 1 with high-speed readout capability. The X-ray flat panel detector 1 can provide images at a frame rate higher than 25 fps. The X-ray flat panel detector 1 includes each detector panel which can be individually addressed for readout by an address unit via a panel driver. The X-ray tube 6 is located inside the X-ray machine and has an X-ray tube focus that is moved by a deflection electric field or deflection magnetic field from an X-ray controller. The X-ray controller triggers the operation of the X-ray tube 6 by bypassing a trigger signal to the X-ray power supply.

[0059] A pair of magnetic deflection coils 8 are positioned near the X-ray tube in Figure 4. Each X-ray source has a focal point that can be moved by the magnetic field generated by the coils.

[0060] Figure 4 illustrates how the exemplary deflection of the electron beam within the X-ray tube can be deflected by the magnetic coil 8 when current flows through the coil. The X-ray tube 6 may be fixed on a support frame or may have a mechanism that is electrically actuated to allow X-ray focus positioning. In the latter case, the X-ray tube can move together with the primary motor stage 4, which is engaged to rotate the rotor shaft, thus controlling the speed of the primary motor stage 4. Meanwhile, the deflection plate is mounted on a stage equidistant from the X-ray source. The plate is part of a voltage / current drive system that can generate an electric or magnetic field. The plate is driven by a control board that receives commands from the exposure control unit via a digital interface. The voltage from the exposure control unit passes through a converter to excite the electric coil of the magnetic coil, generating a magnetic field surrounding the X-ray tube. The exposure control unit controls the magnetic coil via a magnetic coil driver. After the scanning sequence has started, the control board uses the digital signals generated by the exposure control unit to trigger individual pulse-actuated X-ray sources via signal cables. Upon receiving a trigger command, each pulse-activated X-ray source begins a ramp-up operation to increase its power output.

[0061] In one embodiment, the X-ray source in the X-ray tube is stationary at the start of operation, but when exposing the X-ray receptor (flat panel detector), the X-ray source moves in the opposite direction from the primary motor stage 4 while being emitted at a selected speed. In another embodiment, the X-ray source can be randomly turned on by triggering either from outside or inside the system using a random emission scheme. The results of each and accumulated analysis determine the conditions for the next X-ray source and exposure. 3D X-ray images are reconstructed based on each image having an angled geometric arrangement of the X-ray exposure source. Broader applications include 3D mammography or tomosynthesis, 3D chest X-rays for COVID, or 3D NDT, high-speed 3D X-ray security inspections.

[0062] The X-ray tube electron beam 9 and the flat panel detector 1 are positioned parallel to each other. The X-ray tube focus moves around a stationary position at a short distance on the X-ray tube anode, depending on the design of the X-ray tube focus, due to a magnetic field generated by a magnetic coil yoke or an electric field generated by a deflection plate. In each instance of movement of the X-ray tube focus around the origin of the X-ray tube focus, the X-ray beam projected onto the region of interest is determined by the rapidly changing X-ray tube current intensity due to switching over a specific period. The X-ray imaging system also includes a control unit with a random ejection switch module (FFW) and an exposure control unit (ECU) for operating the X-ray sources. The random ejection switch module is connected to all X-ray sources. The random ejection switch module randomly ejects one of the X-ray sources at a time using an externally generated trigger signal. Therefore, the operation and image acquisition of each X-ray source are performed simultaneously. When one of the X-ray sources is activated, the associated electronic unit (units in total) connected to the flat panel detector controls the electronic trigger signal applied to the flat panel detector so that the acquisition of X-ray imaging data begins simultaneously with the activation of the X-ray source.

[0063] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary electron beam in the deflection of an X-ray tube by an electric plate pair via a voltage difference. The X-ray tube 6 has a finite-sized focal point at its initial position, and the focal point changes after the electric or magnetic field deflects the X-ray tube focal point to a subsequent position. Multiple X-ray sources move on a predetermined track at the same speed as the primary motor stage, but in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage. The X-ray sources are also positioned at selected angles relative to each other with respect to the first and second X-ray sources. In this example, four pulsed-actuated X-ray sources move simultaneously as a group at a constant speed relative to the object, and these pulsed-actuated X-ray sources move sequentially relative to each other as they sweep through the object. The corresponding detector is mounted on the opposite side of the primary motor stage 4, parallel to the direction of movement of the pulsed-actuated X-ray sources.

[0064] The electric deflection plate 7 is located between the X-ray tube cathode and the target. As shown in the schematic diagram, a voltage pulse is applied to the electric deflection plate 7 to control the movement of the focal point relative to the X-ray source along the tracking axis. Another voltage pulse is applied to the electric deflection plate 7 to control the movement of the focal point along a direction perpendicular to the track axis, which results in a forward and backward movement of the focal point along the track axis, synchronized with other movements on the track axis. A magnetic coil is mounted between the X-ray tube cathode and the target and is also used to control the movement of the focal point. By simultaneously applying various combinations of electric and magnetic fields to the deflection device, the X-ray tube electron beam 9 is deflected along the direction of movement of the primary motor stage 4.

[0065] The X-ray tube electron beam 9 has its focus moved around the stationary axis of the X-ray tube by an external deflection field (plate) or external deflection field (coil). As the primary motor stage 4 scans the subject by sweeping a circular path at a predetermined sweep speed, the focus constantly moves. This method is performed in parallel with multiple X-ray sources.

[0066] The X-ray tube cathode 10 generates an electron beam 9, and after the electron beam 9 strikes the X-ray tube target 11, X-rays are emitted, and the X-rays that travel toward the object are called primary X-rays. A deflection coil may be positioned between the X-ray tube cathodes 10 to deflect the electron beam 9 toward the tube target 11 by passing an electric current through the deflection coil. A high-voltage generator (a structure that provides high-voltage pulses) connected to the cathode generates an electric pulse and transmits the electric pulse to the deflection coil to deflect the electron beam 9 before it strikes the target.

[0067] The X-ray tube 6 may include an electron gun, a heated cathode 10, an X-ray tube target 11, or other materials that generate an electron beam 9 from one end. The X-ray tube target 11 is attached to the other end of the X-ray tube 6. Electrical insulators and materials are attached to the housing and are conductive to the target. Electrical insulators can be made from many different materials. Examples of electrical insulators include Teflon and / or other dielectric materials such as glass or mica. The housing can be made from many different materials. Examples of housings include stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, ceramic, a combination thereof, or any other material that does not interfere with the transmission of X-rays. Electrical insulators and materials may have the same or different compositions and may consist of one or more layers between the target and the housing.

[0068] The primary motor stage 4 is mounted on a support frame structure 2 that provides housing for the primary motor stage 4. An X-ray flat panel detector 1 for receiving the X-ray beam is positioned to generate X-ray image projection data from multiple X-ray sources. The X-ray sources are arranged on the primary motor stage 4, which moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape. An exposure control unit controls the electric field applied to each X-ray source to deflect the X-ray tube electron beam 9. The X-ray sources move simultaneously relative to the subject on a predetermined track at a constant speed as a group. Each X-ray source focus can also be rapidly moved around the stationary position of the X-ray source focus at a short distance by a deflection electric field or deflection magnetic field. When the X-ray tube focus on an individual X-ray source has a speed equal to the group speed but in the opposite direction of movement, each X-ray source is triggered via an external exposure control unit. Multiple pulse-operated X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for individual X-ray sources.

[0069] The primary motor stage 4 is positioned at a predetermined initial location and is swept along an arc-shaped track at a constant speed by the primary motor. One or more X-ray sources are each moved along the primary motor stage 4. The predetermined initial location can be set to one of several initial locations depending on how the subject is to be positioned on the X-ray imaging machine for the X-ray scan. Various exemplary locations include chest X-ray scans (abdomen / back) and chest CT scans.

[0070] Various modifications and changes to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be noted that the steps listed in the claims of any of the following methods do not necessarily have to be performed in the order they are listed. Those skilled in the art will recognize variations in order when performing the steps. In addition, the absence of mention or description of features, steps, or components provides a basis for a claim in which non-existent features or components are excluded by proviso or similar claim language.

[0071] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented only as examples and not as limitations. Various figures may depict exemplary architectures or other configurations for the present invention, and this is done to understand the features and functionalities that may be included in the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the exemplary architectures or configurations illustrated, and desired features may be implemented using various alternative architectures and configurations. In fact, how alternative functional, logical, or physical divisions and configurations may be implemented to implement desired features of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, many different configuration module names other than those expressed herein may be applied to various divisions. In addition, with respect to flowcharts, operation descriptions, and method claims, the order in which the steps are presented herein does not obligate various embodiments to implement the listed functionalities in the same order, unless the context indicates otherwise.

[0072] While the present invention has been described above in terms of various exemplary embodiments and implementations, it should be understood that the various features, aspects, and functionalities described in one or more of the individual embodiments are not limited to their application to the specific embodiments in which they are described, but rather may be applied individually or in various combinations to one or more other embodiments of the present invention, regardless of whether such embodiments are described or whether such features are presented as part of the described embodiments. Therefore, the breadth and scope of this embodiment should not be limited by any of the exemplary embodiments described above.

[0073] The terms and phrases used in this document, as well as their variations, should be interpreted as open-ended, rather than restrictive, unless otherwise explicitly stated. For example, the term “including” should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to,” the term “example” should be used to provide illustrative examples of the items described, rather than an exhaustive or restrictive list, the terms “a” or “an” should be interpreted as “at least one,” “one or more,” and similar adjectives and terms such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “usual,” “standard,” and “known” should not be interpreted as limiting the items described in the items available during a given period or at a given point in time. Instead, they should be read to encompass conventional, traditional, common, or standard techniques that may be available or known now or at any point in the future. Therefore, where this document refers to techniques that are obvious or known to those skilled in the art, such techniques encompass those that are obvious or known now or at any point in the future.

[0074] A group of items associated with the conjunction "and" should not be interpreted as requiring all of those items to be present within the group, but rather as "and / or" unless otherwise explicitly stated. Similarly, a group of items associated with the conjunction "or" should not be interpreted as requiring mutual exclusivity between the groups, and again as "and / or" unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, while items, elements, or components of the present invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is intended to be within that scope unless otherwise explicitly stated to limit them to the singular.

[0075] In some cases, the presence of broader terms and phrases such as “one or more,” “at least,” or “but not limited to these,” or other such terms, shall not be construed as meaning that a narrower case is intended or required if such broader terms are not present. The use of the term “module” does not imply that all components or functionalities described or claimed as part of a module are configured within a common package. In fact, any or all of the various components of a module, whether control logic or other components, may be combined into a single package, maintained separately, or further distributed across multiple locations.

[0076] In addition, various embodiments detailed herein are described in exemplary block diagrams, flowcharts, and other explanatory diagrams. As will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading this document, the exemplary embodiments and their various alternative forms may be implemented without being limited to the exemplary examples. For example, the block diagrams and their accompanying descriptions should not be construed as obligating a particular architecture or configuration.

[0077] The above-described embodiments of the disclosed embodiments will enable those skilled in the art to create or use the present invention. Various modifications of these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to be the most comprehensive scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0078] While several embodiments and alternative embodiments of the present invention have been shown, it should be understood that certain modifications can be made as known to those skilled in the art without departing from the fundamental scope of the invention discussed and described above and below. Furthermore, the embodiments described above are intended only to illustrate the principles of the present invention; they are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the disclosed elements.

Claims

1. A high-speed 3D X-ray imaging system having multiple pulsed X-ray sources that deflect the X-ray tube electron beam using an electromagnetic field, A primary motor stage that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape, A primary motor that engages with the primary motor stage and controls the speed of the primary motor stage, A plurality of X-ray sources, each attached to the primary motor stage, wherein each X-ray source includes an X-ray tube and an X-ray tube focus, A support frame structure providing a housing for the primary motor stage, It comprises an X-ray flat panel detector for receiving X-rays and transmitting X-ray imaging data, The aforementioned high-speed 3D X-ray imaging system is The primary motor stage, driven by the primary motor, is positioned at a predetermined initial location. The primary motor sweeps the primary motor stage at a predetermined constant speed. By applying a voltage to the electric deflection plate of the X-ray source, or by applying a current to the magnetic deflection coil of the X-ray source, the electron beam of the X-ray tube is deflected in a predetermined sequence. When the X-ray tube focus moves in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage and at a selected speed of the primary motor stage, the X-ray source and the X-ray flat panel detector are electrically activated. A system configured to acquire X-ray imaging data from the aforementioned X-ray flat panel detector.

2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising the pair of electric deflection plates on each of the X-ray tubes of the X-ray source.

3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a yoke for one of the magnetic deflection coils, or a pair of yokes for the magnetic deflection coils, on each of the X-ray tubes of the X-ray source.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the X-ray sources are operated using a predetermined scheme.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the initial spatial position of the primary motor stage is adjustable by software.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the results of each analysis and the cumulative analysis determine the next X-ray source and exposure conditions.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the exposure time of the X-ray source is adjustable by software.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the subject of the X-ray imaging is stationary.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray tube focal point moves a short distance around the stationary position of the X-ray tube on the target by a deflection electric field or a deflection magnetic field.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray sources move simultaneously as a group, and the X-ray tube focal point on each of the X-ray sources has a velocity equal to the moving velocity of the group of X-ray sources but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray sources are triggered via an external exposure control unit, and the X-ray sources remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration.

11. A method for high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using multiple pulsed X-ray sources by deflecting a tube electron beam using an electromagnetic field, Positioning the primary motor stage, which is driven by the primary motor, to a predetermined initial position, The primary motor sweeps the primary motor stage at a predetermined constant speed, By applying a voltage to an electric deflection plate or by applying a current to a magnetic deflection coil, the electron beam of the X-ray tube is deflected in a predetermined sequence. The X-ray source and the X-ray flat panel detector are electrically activated when the X-ray tube focus moves in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage and at a selected speed of the primary motor stage. A method comprising acquiring X-ray imaging data from the aforementioned X-ray flat panel detector.

12. The method according to claim 11, comprising providing a pair of electric deflection plates on each of the X-ray tubes of the X-ray source.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising providing a yoke for one of the magnetic deflection coils, or a pair of yokes for the magnetic deflection coils, on each of the X-ray tubes of the X-ray source.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein 4D imaging is performed by adding a time component to 3D spatial imaging data.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the X-ray imaging data is acquired and reconstructed in real time to determine the next X-ray source and exposure conditions.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein each of the X-ray sources includes the X-ray tube focal point, and the X-ray tube focal point moves a short distance around the stationary position of the X-ray tube on the target by a deflection electric field or a deflection magnetic field.

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein each of the X-ray sources includes the X-ray tube focus, the X-ray sources move simultaneously as a group, and when the X-ray tube focus on each of the X-ray sources has a velocity equal to the moving velocity of the group of X-ray sources but in the opposite direction, each of the X-ray sources is triggered via an external exposure control unit, and the X-ray sources remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration.

Images