Restoration of the friction performance of transmission fluid and / or extension of the lifespan of the friction performance.

Abstract

The booster additive concentrate may advantageously contain (a) an anti-wear mixture of two or more phosphite / phosphate compounds and one or more ether / thioether compounds; (b) an ashless dispersant; (c) a calcium-containing detergent, such as an overbased calcium phenate; (d) two or more friction modifiers, at least one of which comprises a polyalkylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) optionally, a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a lubricating oil base stock. Based on these additive components, the booster additive concentrate may exhibit a specific B / Ca / P content and may contain minimal or substantially no additional antioxidants. Lubricant compositions may be made from the booster additive concentrate and a fresh / used lubricating oil composition "diluent," allowing the diluent to be regenerated. Such lubricant compositions may have advantageous anti-shudder durability (ASD) life and other friction properties. In particular, such concentrates / compositions may provide excellent lubrication when used in vehicles with continuously variable transmissions (CVTs).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Claiming priority) This application claims priority and benefits of U.S. Nonprovisional Patent Application 17 / 062,456, filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on 2 October 2020, with the title of the invention being “REJUVENATION AND / OR EXTENSION OF THE LIFETIME OF FRICTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TRANSMISSION FLUIDS,” the entirety of which is incorporated into this application by reference as if its entirety and all applicable purposes were described below.

[0002] This disclosure relates to methods, compositions, and additive concentrates for boosting, restoring, and / or extending the lifespan of the frictional properties, particularly the anti-shudder durability properties, of transmission fluids, and especially continuously variable transmission fluids. [Background technology]

[0003] Beginning in the mid-1990s, continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) became widely used in automobiles, particularly passenger cars and sport utility vehicles. These transmissions differed considerably from stepped automatic transmissions, which were an option for equipping vehicles with a transmission that did not require manual shifting. CVTs were notable for their ability to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicles in which they were deployed. Unlike stepped automatic transmissions, which had a different number of gear ratios, e.g., 3, 4, or 5, CVTs used a special belt drive system that allowed for an essentially infinite number of ratios between its higher and lower reduction ratios. This essentially infinite number of reduction ratios allowed the engine to run at its peak efficiency (rpm) for most of the time the vehicle was moving, while changing the ground speed by varying the reduction ratio of the transmission. Due to these features, ease of operation, and improved vehicle efficiency, this transmission has become very popular.

[0004] The key to CVT operation is the variator system used to achieve a wide range of reduction ratios. A variator consists of two pulleys connected by either a belt or a chain. The pulleys are hydraulically controlled so that the distance between the two halves of the pulley can be changed. As the distance between the two halves of the pulley increases, the belt or chain moves closer to the center of the pulley, thereby reducing the driving radius. At the same time, the distance between the other half of the pulley decreases, thereby keeping the length of the belt constant and increasing the effective radius of the pulley. High reduction ratios, such as 5:1, can be achieved by driving a variator with a small radius, while low ratios, such as 0.5:1, can be achieved by driving a variator with a large radius.

[0005] The belts or chains used in these variators are typically made of metal such as steel. The chain is pulled to transmit force (energy) through the variator, while the belt, which is often a more complex design, is pushed to transmit force. Essential to the success of a variator is a lubricant that can provide a high coefficient of friction between the pulley surface and the contact points of the chain or belt. These specialized lubricants are called continuously variable transmission fluid (CVTF).

[0006] To further improve the efficiency of a CVT, advanced technology can be used to connect the transmission to the engine. Two types of connections are commonly used for this purpose. One is a torque converter with a continuously slipping or "lock-up" clutch. In this device, the losses that normally occur with the use of a torque converter are significantly reduced by including a clutch device that can reduce the relative speed between the drive and driven elements, thereby reducing or eliminating this energy that would otherwise be converted into heat. The reduction in heat loss in the torque converter improves its efficiency. The second device is a "wet start clutch." This device is simply an oil-lubricated clutch consisting of alternating (typically similarly metal / steel) plates and friction discs, which close to accelerate the vehicle. When the clutch is closed, there is little to no energy loss, making it more efficient than a torque converter.

[0007] These two components of a CVT require very specific lubricants to operate without problems and have the desired problem-free lifespan. The variator requires a lubricant that can provide a high coefficient of friction between the pulley surface and the belt or chain. This is achieved by including lubricant additive components that interact or react with each other under high pressure and temperature conditions, such as those typically experienced between the pulley surface and the belt / chain, to form a high-friction film. This film is often called a "tribofilm." On the other hand, the torque converter clutch or wet start clutch requires a lubricant that can provide a proper relationship between the coefficient of friction and speed. For proper operation, the lubricant used in these devices must provide a positive friction gradient, i.e., the coefficient of friction should increase with increasing slip speed. This is often referred to as a positive dμ / dv. If the friction gradient is negative, the clutch device may exhibit irregular frictional behavior known as "shudder," a type of stick-slip phenomenon. The driver may perceive this as vibration in the vehicle and generally cannot tolerate it well. A positive coefficient of friction can be established in these systems through the precise selection of friction modifiers, which are additive components that adjust friction. These chemicals can reduce friction between sliding components. A properly friction-modified fluid can provide a positive friction gradient, but still provide a high coefficient of static friction. Balancing these two critical performance requirements for CVTs requires rigorous formulation development carried out by expert compounders.

[0008] The life of a CVTF can be determined by how long it takes, e.g., how many kilometers, until it can no longer provide the required / desired performance. In the case of a variator, in order to function properly, the lubricant must provide a solid high-friction film on the pulley surface, so the additive components can be consumed slowly over the life of the fluid. In use, these fluids typically show a slow decline in the concentration of additive components, notably calcium and phosphorus, used to establish tribofilms. In the case of a clutch device, the organic friction modifiers used to accurately control friction in the clutch can be slowly oxidized or thermally degraded until they can no longer maintain a positive friction gradient. This performance can be monitored by evaluating the friction gradient in a suitable test device, e.g., a low-speed sliding friction test device. Summary of the Invention Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] The present disclosure describes how formulators can utilize the depletion or degradation of these performance-imparting additives only / primarily during the operation of the transmission. The base fluids used in CVTFs are generally not damaged much in terms of performance and can be suitable for much longer use. It has been found that by simply replacing the friction control additives for the variator and clutch, which account for a very small proportion of the volume of the CVTF, the original fluid performance can be restored or essentially recovered, thereby eliminating the need for complex and expensive oil changes.

[0010] The present disclosure provides an additive concentrate, a fully formulated lubricant composition, and a method for using it to regenerate fresh / used lubricating oil compositions.

[0011] The booster additive concentrate according to the present disclosure advantageously comprises: (a) an antiwear mixture of two or more phosphite / phosphate compounds and one or more ether / thioether compounds; (b) an ashless dispersant which can occupy at least 20% by mass of the booster additive concentrate; (c) a calcium-containing detergent such as overbased calcium phenate; (d) at least two friction modifiers, at least one of which comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) an optional but preferred corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a suspension stabilizing amount of a lubricating oil base stock. Based on these additive components, the booster additive concentrate can exhibit a boron content of 0.04% to 0.75% by mass, a calcium content of 0.3% to 1.5% by mass and a phosphorus content of 0.3% to 1.5% by mass, each based on the total mass of the additive concentrate.

[0012] The lubricant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a diluted form of the booster additive concentrate according to the present disclosure. The diluent can be either a fresh (unused) fully formulated lubricating oil composition or a used lubricating oil composition, the additive components of which may be at least partially degraded by the operation of a vehicle transmission. Examples of such used lubricant compositions can include those which contained at least an antiwear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two further antioxidants and a lubricating oil base stock when fresh and prior to use.

[0013] A method for regenerating a fresh or used lubricating oil composition (if used, having been operated for at least 25,000 kilometers) according to the present disclosure comprises forming a regenerated lubricating oil composition according to the present disclosure by mixing a booster additive concentrate according to the present disclosure with the fresh / used lubricating oil composition; and lubricating a vehicle transmission with the regenerated lubricating oil composition according to the present disclosure to enable further operation, for example, for at least a further 30,000 kilometers (or an equivalent simulated lubricated operating time).

[0014] In addition to or instead of the methods disclosed, there is the use of a booster additive concentrate or a regenerated lubricant composition according to the Disclosure in combination with a fresh / used fully formulated lubricant composition for regenerating lubricant properties that were at least partially lost during previous operation of a vehicle transmission, particularly one or more of the following: anti-shutder durability, friction adjustment, dynamic-static friction balance, wear resistance, soot dispersion ability, cleaning power, suspension stability, and corrosion inhibition. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0015] [Figure 1] This graph shows the dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for a fresh lubricating oil composition (Figure 1), and various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 2] Comparative Example 1 (Figure 2) shows graphs of the dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, approximately 80°C, and approximately 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions made from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 3] Comparative Example 2 (Figure 3) shows graphs of the dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, approximately 80°C, and approximately 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 4] Comparative Example 3 (Figure 4) shows graphs of the dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, approximately 80°C, and approximately 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 5]Comparative Example 4 (Figure 5) shows graphs of the dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, approximately 80°C, and approximately 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows graphs of the dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, approximately 80°C, and approximately 120°C for various recycled lubricant compositions prepared from used lubricant compositions and booster additive package compositions in Example 1. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows graphs of the dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, approximately 80°C, and approximately 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions in Example 2.

[0016] [Figure 8] These are graphs of the static Mu properties (corresponding to Figures 1-7, under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for fresh lubricant compositions (Figure 8), used lubricant compositions, and various recycled lubricant compositions made from booster additive package compositions. [Figure 9] Comparative Example 1 (Figure 9) shows graphs of the static Mu characteristics (corresponding to Figures 1-7, under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 10] Comparative Example 2 (Figure 10) shows graphs of the static Mu characteristics (corresponding to Figures 1-7, under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 11]Comparative Example 3 (Figure 11) shows graphs of the static Mu properties (corresponding to Figures 1-7, under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 12] Comparative Example 4 (Figure 12) shows graphs of the static Mu characteristics (corresponding to Figures 1-7, under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions. [Figure 13] The graphs in Figure 13 show the static Mu characteristics (corresponding to Figures 1-7, under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions in Example 1. [Figure 14] Figure 14 shows the static Mu characteristics (corresponding to Figures 1-7, under constant pressure conditions) at approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions in Example 2.

[0017] [Figure 15] This graph shows the metal-to-metal (steel-to-steel) friction properties of fresh lubricant compositions, used lubricant compositions, and combinations of the booster package compositions of Examples 1 and 2 with used lubricant compositions. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0018] This disclosure encompasses lubricant fluid compositions containing a suspension stability additive package composition (concentrate) for lubricant fluids, a suspension stability booster additive package composition (concentrate) for used (or new, but otherwise fully formulated) lubricant fluids, and a suspension stability (booster) additive package concentrate mixed with (or thereby diluted with) a lubricant base stock. If the lubricating fluid is used in the vehicle's drivetrain, such as the transmission or crankcase, the used lubricating fluid may represent either the fluid that was actually used to lubricate at least a portion of the vehicle's drivetrain over a period of at least 25,000 kilometers (e.g., at least 30,000 kilometers, at least 35,000 kilometers, at least 50,000 kilometers, at least 60,000 kilometers or at least 70,000 kilometers and optionally up to 100,000 kilometers or more or up to 150,000 kilometers or more), or the fluid that was exposed to acceleration conditions intended to simulate such lubrication / operating conditions (e.g., shorter durations but more severe conditions that correlate more closely with equivalent or higher vehicle drivetrain mileage).

[0019] In some embodiments, a booster additive package composition / concentrate mixed with a new but otherwise fully formulated lubricant composition may constitute less than a complete replenishment of lubricant additive components, allowing, for example, that one functional additive may be able to fully perform its function over the entire service life of the formulated lubricant composition, while other functional additives may be consumed, deactivated, decomposed, or otherwise rendered ineffective in fully performing their function over the entire service life of the otherwise typically formulated lubricant composition. As a result, in these embodiments, if additives become ineffective over long-term use, only certain additives need to be added to the booster composition / concentrate to compensate for their functions.

[0020] In addition, or instead, booster additive package compositions / concentrates mixed with either new (but fully formulated) or used lubricant fluids may contain additives at relatively higher, relatively lower, or relatively similar concentrations to those in the fully formulated lubricant composition, depending on the specific application. For example, lubricants used in more demanding environments may exhibit relatively higher concentrations, while fine-tuning additives for achieving uniformly long service life in a boosted lubricant fluid composition may exhibit relatively lower or similar concentrations.

[0021] While this disclosure specifies transmission fluid compositions and their applications in vehicle transmissions, these general principles may be applied to booster additive package compositions / concentrates and lubricating oil compositions containing such compositions / concentrates in other applications. Furthermore, while the term “regenerated” is typically used herein in reference to restoring the properties of a used lubricating oil composition to their nearly fresh (unused) values, it should be understood that “regenerated” may also apply to fresh lubricating oil compositions in which certain properties may be enhanced rather than diminished by use. The combination of additives to be mixed may exist as introduced into the concentrate, or may be complexed, reacted, or otherwise altered, but as described herein, the term “contains” with respect to concentrates or diluted lubricating formulations / compositions should also be understood as being satisfied by mixing the components, regardless of any complexing, reaction, or other component modification after mixing, during use, or during analysis.

[0022] The transmission fluid compositions relating to this disclosure typically refer to a mixture of a majority lubricating oil composition and a small amount of additive package concentrate (which itself typically contains some lubricating oil base stock to maintain its suspension or solution stability in the majority lubricating oil composition). Accordingly, the transmission fluid booster additive package compositions relating to this disclosure typically contain a much higher concentration of additive components and a much lower concentration of lubricating oil composition, but should still contain enough lubricating oil composition to allow the additive components to remain suspended (or dissolved) and suspended (or dissolved) for a reasonable period of time without substantial dissociation, precipitation, and / or sedimentation of the suspension (e.g., for at least several months and / or up to one or two years or more; referred to herein as “suspension stability”). In addition to or in addition to the lubricating oil base stock in such concentrates, dispersant additive concentrates may be formulated so that the additive package concentrate (and the diluted transmission fluid composition containing it) is and remains suspension stable.

[0023] Lubricant / Base Stock The amount of lubricating oil base stock in the transmission fluid booster additive package concentrate relating to this disclosure can typically be small (i.e., less than 50% of the weight of the concentrate), and each component of the concentrate also typically accounts for small amounts. For example, the transmission fluid booster additive package concentrate may contain amounts of 1.0% to less than 50%, 1.0% to 45%, 1.0% to 40%, 1.0% to 35%, 1.0% to 30%, 1.0% to 25%, 1.0% to 20%, 1.0% to 15%, 1.0% to 10%, 1.0% to 5.0%, 3.0% to less than 50%, 3.0% to 45%, and 3.0% to 40% of the weight of the concentrate. 3.0%~35%, 3.0%~30%, 3.0%~25%, 3.0%~20%, 3.0%~15%, 3.0%~10%, 3.0%~5.0%, 5.0%~Less than 50%, 5.0%~45%, 5.0%~40%, 5.0%~35%, 5.0%~30%, 5.0%~25%, 5.0%~20%, 5.0%~15%, 5.0%~10%, 10%~Less than 50%, 10%~45%, 10% ~40%, 10%~35%, 10%~30%, 10%~25%, 10%~20%, 10%~15%, 15%~Less than 50%, 15%~45%, 15%~40%, 15%~35%, 15%~30%, 15%~25%, 15%~20%, Less than 50%, 20%~45%, 20%~40%, 20%~35%, 20%~30%, 20%~25%, Less than 50%, 25%~4 Lubricant base stocks of 5%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, less than 30%-50%, 30%-45%, 30%-40%, 30%-35%, less than 35%-50%, 35%-45%, 35%-40%, less than 40%-50%, 40%-45%, or less than 45%-50%, particularly 5.0%-40%, 5.0%-35%, 15%-40%, or 15%-35%. The remainder of the booster additive package concentrate may consist of functional additive component compositions, one, several, or each of which may contain lubricant base stock as a diluent / suspending stabilizer, typically 5%-50% (if present), but up to 60% by mass.

[0024] The amount of lubricating oil base stock in the transmission fluid composition relating to this disclosure may typically be large (i.e., more than 50% of the composition's weight) when combined with the additive package, while each of the functional / additive components of the additive package / concentrate individually typically accounts for small amounts (i.e., less than 50% of the composition's weight). For example, transmission fluid compositions are divided into percentages based on the weight of the composition: over 50% to 99%, over 50% to 98%, over 50% to 97%, over 50% to 96%, over 50% to 95%, over 50% to 94%, over 50% to 93%, over 50% to 92%, over 50% to 91%, over 50% to 90%, over 50% to 88%, over 50% to 86%, over 50% to 84%, over 50% to 82%, over 50% to 80%, 60% to 99%, 60% to 98%, 60% to 97%, and 60%. %~96%, 60%~95%, 60%~94%, 60%~93%, 60%~92%, 60%~91%, 60%~90%, 60%~88%, 60%~86%, 60%~84%, 60%~82%, 60%~80%, 70%~99%, 70%~98%, 70%~97%, 70%~96%, 70%~95%, 70%~94%, 70%~93%, 70%~92%, 70%~91%, 70%~90%, 70%~88%, 70%~86%, 70%~84 %, 70%~82%, 70%~80%, 75%~99%, 75%~98%, 75%~97%, 75%~96%, 75%~95%, 75%~94%, 75%~93%, 75%~92%, 75%~91%, 75%~90%, 75%~88%, 75%~86%, 75%~84%, 75%~82%, 75%~80%, 80%~99%, 80%~98%, 80%~97%, 80%~96%, 80%~95%, 80%~94%, 80%~93%, 8 Lubricant base stocks of 0%-92%, 80%-91%, 80%-90%, 80%-88%, 80%-86%, 80%-84%, 85%-99%, 85%-98%, 85%-97%, 85%-96%, 60%-95%, 85%-94%, 85%-93%, 85%-92%, 85%-91%, 85%-90%, or 85%-88%, particularly 60%-99%, 70-98%, 75-97%, or 80-96% based on the weight of the composition.In addition or instead, the transmission fluid composition may be 1:99~1:4, for example 1:99~1:5, 1:99~1:7, 1:99~1:9, 1:99~1:11, 1:99~1:15, 1:99~1:19, 1:99~1:24, 1:99~1:32, 1:99~1:49, 1:49~1:4, 1:49~1:5, 1:49~1:7, 1:49~1:9, 1:49~1:11, 1: 49~1:15, 1:49~1:19, 1:49~1:24, 1:49~1:32, 1:32~1:4, 1:32~1:5, 1:32~1:7, 1:32~1:9, 1:32~1:11, 1:32~1:15, 1:32~1:19, 1:32~1:24, 1:24~1:4, 1:24~1:5, 1:24~1:7, 1:24~1:9, 1:24~1:11, 1:24~1:15, 1:24~ 1:19, 1:19~1:4, 1:19~1:5, 1:19~1:7, 1:19~1:9, 1:19~1:11, 1:19~1:15, 1:15~1:4, 1:15~1:5, 1:15~1:7 , 1:15~1:9, 1:15~1:11, 1:11~1:4, 1:11~1:5, 1:11~1:7, 1:11~1:9, 1:9~1:4, 1:9~1:5, 1:9~1:7, 1:7~1:4 This may include a mixture of a booster additive package concentrate and either used transmission lubricant fluid or new (but fully formulated) transmission lubricant fluid, in a mass ratio of booster concentrate to used / new transmission lubricant fluid of 1:7 to 1:5, particularly 1:49 to 1:7, 1:24 to 1:7, 1:32 to 1:8 or 1:24 to 1:9.

[0025] The lubricating oil base stock may be any suitable lubricating oil base stock known in the art. Both natural and synthetic lubricating oil base stocks may be preferred. Natural lubricating oils may include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard), petroleum, mineral oil, coal or shale-derived oils, and combinations thereof. One particular natural lubricating oil may contain or be mineral oil.

[0026] Suitable mineral oils may include all common mineral oil base stocks, including oils whose chemical structure is naphthenic or paraffinic. Suitable oils may be refined by conventional methods using acids, alkalis and clay or other agents such as aluminum chloride, or they may be extracted oils produced by solvent extraction with solvents such as phenol, sulfur dioxide, furfural, dichlorodiethyl ether, or combinations thereof. They may be hydrotreated or hydrorefined, dewaxed by cooling or catalytic dewaxing processes, hydrocracking, or some combination thereof. Suitable mineral oils may be produced from natural crude oil sources or may consist of isomerized wax materials or residues from other refining processes.

[0027] Examples of synthetic lubricants include hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils, such as oligomerized, polymerized and copolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylene, polypropylene, propylene, isobutylene copolymer, chlorinated polylactene, poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly-(1-decene), etc., and mixtures thereof); alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzene, etc.); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyl, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenyl, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers, alkylated diphenyl sulfides and their derivatives, analogs and homologs, etc.; and combinations and / or reaction products thereof.

[0028] In one embodiment, the oil from this class of synthetic oils may include or be polyalphaolefins (PAOs) that include hydrogenated oligomers of α-olefins, particularly oligomers of 1-decene, for example, those produced by a free radical process, a Ziegler catalytic reaction or a cationic catalytic reaction. They may be, for example, branched or linear α-olefin oligomers having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and certain non-limiting examples include polypropene, polyisobutene, poly-1-butene, poly-1-hexene, poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene, poly-1-dodecene, and mixtures and / or copolymers thereof.

[0029] Synthetic lubricants include, in addition to or instead of, alkylene oxide polymers, copolymers, copolymers and their derivatives, where any (most) terminal hydroxyl groups are modified by esterification, etherification, etc. This class of synthetic oils includes polyoxyalkylene polymers prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether with an average Mn of about 1000 daltons, diphenyl ether of polypropylene glycol with an average Mn of about 1000 to about 1500 daltons); and mono- and poly-carboxylic acid esters of these (e.g., acetate esters, mixed C3-C8 fatty acid esters, C3 of tetraethylene glycol). 12 Examples include oxo acid diesters, or combinations thereof.

[0030] Another preferred class of synthetic lubricants may include esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc.) with various alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, sebacate dioctyl, diisooctyl azelaate, azelaine diisodecyl, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, complex esters formed by reacting 1 mole of sebacate with 2 moles of tetraethylene glycol and 2 moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and combinations thereof. Preferred types of oils from this class of synthetic oils are C4-C 12 It may contain alcohol adipates.

[0031] Esters useful as synthetic lubricants are, in addition to or instead of, C5-C 12 This may include monocarboxylic acids, polyols and / or polyol ethers, such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropanepentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and combinations thereof.

[0032] Lubricating oils may be derived from unrefined oils, refined oils, re-refined oils, or mixtures thereof. Unrefined oils are obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources (e.g., coal, shale, or tar sand bitumen) without further refining or processing. Examples of unrefined oils include shale oil obtained directly from carbonization, petroleum obtained directly from distillation, or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process, each of these, or any combination thereof, may then be used without further processing. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have been processed in one or more refining steps to alter their chemical structure and / or improve one or more properties. Preferred refining techniques include distillation, hydrotreatment, dewaxing, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration, and percolation, all of which are known to those skilled in the art. Re-refined oils are obtained by processing spent oil and / or refined oil in a process similar to that used to obtain the first refined oil. Such re-refined oils are known as recycled oils or reprocessed oils and may be further processed by techniques for the removal of spent additives and oil decomposition products.

[0033] Another further or alternative class of suitable lubricants includes base stocks produced from the oligomerization of natural gas feedstocks or the isomerization of waxes. These base stocks may be called by several names, but are commonly known as gas-to-liquid (GTL) or Fischer-Tropsch base stock.

[0034] The lubricating oil base stocks relating to this disclosure may be a blend of one or more of the oils / base stocks described herein, whether of similar or different types, and blends of natural and synthetic lubricants (i.e., partially synthetic) are expressly assumed for this disclosure.

[0035] Lubricating oils can be classified as described in the American Petroleum Institute (API) publication “Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System”, Industry Services Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996, Addendum 1, December 1998, where oils are classified as follows: a) Group I base stocks contain less than 90 percent saturated material and / or more than 0.03 percent sulfur, and have a viscosity index of 80 or greater and less than 120; b) Group II base stocks contain 90 percent or more saturated material and 0.03 percent or less sulfur, and have a viscosity index of 80 or more and less than 120; c) Group III base stocks contain 90 percent or more saturated material and 0.03 percent or less sulfur, and have a viscosity index of 120 or more; d) The Group IV base stock is polyalphaolefin (PAO); e) Group V base stocks include all other base stock oils not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil comprises or may comprise mineral oil or a mixture of mineral oils, particularly Group II and / or Group III (API classification) mineral oils. In addition or alternatively, the lubricating oil comprises or may comprise synthetic oils and / or Group V oils, such as polyalphaolefins (Group IV).

[0037] Advantageously, manual or automatic transmission fluid compositions, when measured according to ASTM D445, have a maximum of 20 cSt (e.g., maximum of 15 cSt, maximum of 12 cSt, maximum of 10 cSt, maximum of 8 cSt, maximum of 7 cSt, maximum of 6.5 cSt, maximum of 6.0 cSt, maximum of 5.5 cSt, maximum of 5.0 cSt, maximum of 4.5 cSt, maximum of 4.0 cSt, maximum of 3.5 cSt, maximum of 3.0 cSt, maximum of 2.5 cSt, maximum of 2.0 cSt, 1 cSt to 20 cSt, 1 cSt to 15 cSt, 1 cSt to 12 cSt, 1 cSt to 10 cSt, 1 cSt to 8 cSt, 1 cSt to 7 cSt, 1 cS t~6.5cSt, 1cSt~6.0cSt, 1cSt~5.5cSt, 1cSt~5.0cSt, 1cSt~4.5cSt, 1cSt~4.0cSt, 1cSt~3.5cSt, 1cSt~3.0cSt, 1cSt~2.5cSt, 1cSt~2.0cSt, 2c St~20cSt, 2cSt~15cSt, 2cSt~12cSt, 2cSt~10cSt, 2cSt~8cSt, 2cSt~7cSt, 2cSt~6.5cSt, 2cSt~6.0cSt, 2cSt~5.5cSt, 2cSt~5.0cSt, 2cSt~4.5cS t, 2cSt~4.0cSt, 2cSt~3.5cSt, 2cSt~3.0cSt, 2cSt~2.5cSt, 2.5cSt~20cSt, 2.5cSt~15cSt, 2.5cSt~12cSt, 2.5cSt~10cSt, 2.5cSt~8cSt, 2.5cS t~7cSt, 2.5cSt~6.5cSt, 2.5cSt~6.0cSt, 2.5cSt~5.5cSt, 2.5cSt~5.0cSt, 2.5cSt~4.5cSt, 2.5cSt~4.0cSt, 2.5cSt~3.5cSt, 2.5cSt~3.0cSt, 3 cSt~20cSt, 3cSt~15cSt, 3cSt~12cSt, 3cSt~10cSt, 3cSt~8cSt, 3cSt~7cSt, 3cSt~6.5cSt, 3cSt~6.0cSt, 3cSt~5.5cSt, 3cSt~5.0cSt, 3cSt~4.5 cSt, 3cSt~4.0cSt, 3cSt~3.5cSt, 3.5cSt~20cSt, 3.5cSt~15cSt, 3.5cSt~12cSt, 3.5cSt~10cSt, 3.5cSt~8cSt, 3.5cSt~7cSt, 3.5cSt~6.5cSt, 3.The kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C can be shown for ranges of 5cSt~6.0cSt, 3.5cSt~5.5cSt, 3.5cSt~5.0cSt, 3.5cSt~4.5cSt, 3.5cSt~4.0cSt, 4cSt~20cSt, 4cSt~15cSt, 4cSt~12cSt, 4cSt~10cSt, 4cSt~8cSt, 4cSt~7cSt, 4cSt~6.5cSt, 4cSt~6.0cSt, 4cSt~5.5cSt, 4cSt~5.0cSt (and 4cSt~4.5cSt), and especially for 1cSt~20cSt, such as 2cSt~10cSt, 2cSt~8cSt, and 2.5cSt~6.5cSt.

[0038] Abrasion-resistant components The transmission fluid booster additive package composition and / or transmission fluid composition relating to this disclosure may contain two different classes of wear-resistant components, namely component (i) a phosphorus-containing compound and component (ii) an ether / thioether compound.

[0039] Component (i) is advantageously structured as follows: [ka] The mixture may contain a mixture of two or more compounds of the formula, where each of the groups R1, R2, and R3 independently contains or may be an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and / or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond), provided that at least some of the groups R1, R2, and R3 contain or may be an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond). The mixture may contain three or more, four or more, or five or more compounds of structure (I).

[0040] In one embodiment, groups R1, R2, and R3 may each independently contain or be an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and / or an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond), provided that at least some of groups R1, R2, and R3 contain or be an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond).

[0041] When groups R1, R2, and R3 include alkyl groups (where the alkyl chain is not interposed by a thioether bond), examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, and in particular include or are butyl.

[0042] If groups R1, R2, and R3 include alkyl groups (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond), an example is the group in the structure -R'-S-R'', where R' is -(CH2) n - can be any integer n from 2 to 4, and R'' is -(CH2) m -CH3 is possible, and m can be an integer from 1 to 17, for example, from 3 to 9.

[0043] In particular, in a mixture of compounds of structure (I) containing component (i), at least 10% by mass (e.g., at least 20%, at least 30%, or at least 40%) of the mixture contains the compound of structure (I), where at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is, in particular, structure-R'-SR'' (where R' is -(CH2) n - is possible, n can be an integer from 2 to 4, and R'' is -(CH2) m It contains or is an alkyl group having an alkyl group (where the alkyl chain is interposed by a thioether bond) which can be -CH3 and m can be an integer from 1 to 17, for example from 3 to 9.

[0044] Component (ii) is advantageously structured as follows: [ka] may contain one or more compounds, wherein the groups R4 and R7 may each independently contain an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or be such an alkyl group, and R5 and R6 may each independently contain an alkyl bond having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or be such an alkyl bond. In particular, R4 and R7 may each independently contain -(CH2) m -CH3 or be -(CH2) m -CH3, where m is an integer from 1 to 17, for example 3 to 9, and R5 and R6 may each independently contain -(CH2) n - or be -(CH2) n -, where n is an integer from 2 to 4. This mixture may contain two or more or three or more compounds of structure (II).

[0045] In particular, the compound of structure (I) (component (i)) and the compound of structure (II) (component (ii)) may be present in the booster additive package composition according to the Disclosure in an amount of 0.5 to 6.0% by mass, for example 0.7 to 5.0% by mass, 0.8 to 4.0% by mass, or 0.9 to 3.2% by mass, based on the total mass of the booster additive package, and / or may be present in the regenerated transmission fluid composition according to the Disclosure in an amount of 0.03 to 1.2% by mass, for example 0.05 to 0.8% by mass, 0.06 to 0.5% by mass, or 0.07 to 0.3% by mass, based on the total mass of the regenerated composition. In addition or alternatively, the compound of structure (I) (component (i)) and the compound of structure (II) (component (ii)) together may provide a booster additive package composition according to the Disclosure containing 350 to 5000 parts per million by mass of phosphorus, for example 500 to 3800 ppm, 600 to 3000 ppm, or 700 to 2500 ppm, based on the total mass of the booster additive package, and / or may provide a regenerated transmission fluid composition according to the Disclosure containing 35 to 500 parts per million by mass of phosphorus, for example 50 to 380 ppm, 60 to 300 ppm, or 70 to 250 ppm, based on the total mass of the regenerated composition. The phosphorus content may be measured in accordance with ASTM D5185. Furthermore, in addition or alternatively, the mass ratio of the compound of structure (I) (component (i)) and the compound of structure (II) (component (ii)) may be 2:1 to 1:2, 3:2 to 2:3, or 4:3 to 3:4.

[0046] Ashless dispersant In particular, the transmission fluid booster additive package composition and / or transmission fluid composition relating to this disclosure may further comprise one or more ashless dispersants.

[0047] Examples of ashless dispersants include polyisobutenyl succinimide, polyisobutenyl succinamide, mixed esters / amides / imides of polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acid, hydroxyesters of polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acid, and Mannich condensation products of hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols, formaldehyde, and polyamines, as well as their reaction products and mixtures.

[0048] Basic nitrogen-containing ashless dispersants are well-known lubricant additives, and methods for their preparation are widely described in the patent literature. Exemplary dispersants include polyisobutenyl succinimide and succinamide, where the polyisobutenyl substituent is a long chain of more than 36 carbon atoms, e.g., more than 40 carbon atoms. These materials can be readily prepared by reacting polyisobutenyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid materials with molecules containing amine functional groups. Suitable amines include polyamines such as polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines, polyoxyalkylene polyamines, and combinations thereof. Amine functional groups can be provided by polyalkylene polyamines such as tetraethylenepentamine and pentaethylenehexamine. Mixtures with an average number of nitrogen atoms per polyamine molecule exceeding 7 are also available. These are commonly called heavy polyamines or H-PAMs and are commercially available from Dow Chemical under trademarks such as HPA(trademark) and HPA-X(trademark), and from Huntsman Chemical under trademark E-100(trademark). Examples of hydroxysubstituted polyamines include N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines, such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylenediamines of the type described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,873,009. Examples of polyoxyalkylene polyamines include polyoxyethylenes, polyoxypropylenediamines, and triamines having an average Mn of about 200 to about 2500 daltons. Products of this type may be marketed under the Jeffamine® trademark.

[0049] As is well known in the art, the reaction between an amine and a polyisobutenyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid material (preferably alkenyl succinic anhydride or maleic anhydride) can be conveniently carried out, for example, by heating the reactants together in an oil solution. Typical reaction temperatures may be about 100°C to about 250°C and reaction times of about 1 to about 10 hours. The reaction ratio can vary considerably, but generally, a dicarboxylic acid unit content of about 0.1 to about 1.0 equivalents per reaction equivalent of the amine-containing reactant can be used.

[0050] In addition, or instead, an exemplary ashless dispersant is given by the following formula: [ka] It can have, in the formula, each R 11 and R 12 R can be a hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, individually, provided that R is bonded to the same succinimide ring. 11 and R 12 Both are not hydrogen; z can be an integer from 0 to 10, for example from 1 to 8; each R 13 These are, individually, hydrogen, acetyl group, -CH2-CH2-N(R 13 ) 2 units or type: [ka] It may be a branched succinimide, or in the formula, two adjacent R atoms bonded to different nitrogen atoms 13 The groups can be bonded together, for example, using ethylene bridges, to form a piperazinyl group.

[0051] Compared to similar chemical structures that primarily function as friction modifiers (as described later), in order to function properly as a dispersant, the hydrocarbyl group (i.e., R) in each succinimide ring is necessary. 12 If is hydrogen, then the associated R 11 Solo, R 11 If is hydrogen, then the associated R 12 R alone or in relation to each other 11 and R 12The combinations of these may, advantageously, include more than 36 carbon atoms, particularly more than 40 carbon atoms, more than 44 carbon atoms, or more than 48 carbon atoms. 12 is hydrogen, R 11 If the chain is a polyisobutenyl chain, this structure represents the polyisobutenyl succinimide described above. 11 However, in the case of polyalphaolefin (PAO) chains such as metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefins (mPAOs) produced by polymerizing 1-octene, 1-decene, and / or 1-dodecene, this structure represents a similar polyalphaolefin succinimide dispersant. As with the case of polyisobutenyl chains, further or alternative examples of ashless dispersants include polyalphaolefin succinamide, mixed esters / amides / imides of polyalphaolefin-substituted succinic acid, and / or hydroxyesters of polyalphaolefin-substituted succinic acid, as well as variations containing imidazoline and / or oxazoline bonds instead of or in addition to the succinimide shown above. Such PAO dispersants are seen, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0264665.

[0052] In particular, examples of ashless dispersants include polyisobutenyl succinimide, which is formed from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and polyalkylene polyamines, such as tetraethylenepentamine or H-PAM. The polyisobutenyl group may be derived from polyisobutene and may have a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of about 750 to about 5000 daltons, for example, about 900 to about 2500 daltons.

[0053] As is known in the art, the dispersant may be post-treated, for example, with a borating / boronating agent and / or an inorganic phosphorus acid. Preferred examples can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,254,025, 3,502,677 and 4,857,214.

[0054] When used, the ashless dispersant may be present in the transmission fluid composition according to this disclosure in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by mass, particularly 0.5% to 5.0% by mass, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. In addition, or instead, if used, the ashless dispersant should be at least 15% by mass, for example, at least 20% by mass, at least 25% by mass, at least 30% by mass, at least 35% by mass, at least 40% by mass, 15% to 65% by mass, 15% to 60% by mass, 15% to 55% by mass, 15% to 50% by mass, 15% to 45% by mass, 15% to 40% by mass, 20% to 65% by mass, 20% to 60% by mass, 20% to 55% by mass, 20% to 50% by mass, 20% to 45% by mass, 20% to 40% by mass, 25% to 65% by mass, 25% to 6% by mass It may be present in the booster additive package concentrate according to this disclosure in amounts of 0 mass%, 25 mass% to 55 mass%, 25 mass% to 50 mass%, 25 mass% to 45 mass%, 25 mass% to 40 mass%, 30 mass% to 65 mass%, 30 mass% to 60 mass%, 30 mass% to 55 mass%, 30 mass% to 50 mass%, 30 mass% to 45 mass%, 30 mass% to 40 mass%, 35 mass% to 65 mass%, 35 mass% to 60 mass%, 35 mass% to 55 mass%, 35 mass% to 50 mass%, 35 mass% to 45 mass%, or 35 mass% to 40 mass%, particularly at least 20 mass%, at least 30 mass%, 20 mass% to 55 mass%, or 30 mass% to 50 mass%. A mixture of two or more ashless dispersants may be included in the booster additive package concentrate and / or transmission fluid composition, in which case the amounts shown herein refer to the total amount of the mixture of dispersants used.

[0055] Cleaning agent The transmission fluid booster additive package composition and / or transmission fluid composition relating to this disclosure may further comprise cleaning agents such as calcium-containing cleaning agents. These cleaning agents are typically sufficiently oil-soluble or dispersible so that they remain dissolved or dispersed in oil so that they are carried by the oil to their intended sites of action. Calcium-containing cleaning agents are known in the art and include neutral and overbasic calcium salts with acidic substances such as salicylic acid, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, alkylphenol, alkyl sulfide, and mixtures thereof.

[0056] A neutral calcium-containing detergent is a detergent that contains an amount of calcium that is stoichiometrically equal to the amount of (Lewis) acidic portion present in the detergent. Therefore, generally, neutral detergents can typically have a relatively low basicity compared to their overbasic equivalents.

[0057] The term "overbasic" is used, for example, in relation to calcium detergents, to indicate that the calcium component is present in a stoichiometrically greater amount than the corresponding (Lewis) acid component. A commonly used method for preparing overbasic salts involves heating a mineral oil solution of an acid containing a stoichiometrically excess neutralizing agent (in this case, a calcium neutralizing agent such as an oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfide, or combination thereof at a temperature of about 50°C) at a suitable temperature, and filtering the resulting product. The use of "accelerators" in the neutralization step to facilitate the incorporation of the excess salt / base (in this case, calcium) is also known. Examples of compounds useful as accelerators include, but are not limited to, phenolic substances such as phenol, naphthol, alkylphenol, thiophenol, and alkylphenol sulfide, and condensation products of formaldehyde and phenolic substances; alcohols such as methanol, 2-propanol, octanol, Cellosolve® alcohol, Carbitol® alcohol, ethylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, and cyclohexyl alcohol; amines such as aniline, phenylenediamine, phenothiazine, phenyl-β-naphthylamine, and dodecylamine; and combinations thereof. A particularly effective method for preparing basic salts involves mixing an acidic substance with an excess calcium neutralizing agent and at least one alcohol accelerator, and carbonateing the mixture at a high temperature, for example, 60-200°C.

[0058] Examples of calcium-containing cleaning agents useful in the transmission fluid compositions of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, calcium phenates; calcium sulfide phenates (e.g., where each aromatic group has one or more aliphatic groups to provide hydrocarbon solubility); calcium sulfonates (e.g., where each sulfonic acid moiety is bonded to an aromatic nucleus, which therefore usually contains one or more aliphatic substituents to provide hydrocarbon solubility); calcium salicylates (e.g., where the aromatic moiety is usually substituted with one or more aliphatic substituents to provide hydrocarbon solubility); calcium salts of hydrolyzed phosphorusulfurized olefins (e.g., having 10 to 2000 carbon atoms) and / or hydrolyzed phosphorusulfurized alcohols and / or aliphatic-substituted phenolic compounds (e.g., having 10 to 2000 carbon atoms); calcium salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids and / or aliphatic-substituted alicyclic carboxylic acids; and combinations thereof and / or reaction products; and neutral and / or overbasic salts of substances such as many other similar calcium salts of oil-soluble organic acids. A mixture of neutral and / or overbasic salts of two or more different acids may be used as needed (for example, a mixture of one or more overbasic calcium phenates and one or more overbasic calcium sulfonates and / or one or more overbasic calcium salicylates).

[0059] Methods for producing oil-soluble neutral and overbasic calcium detergents are well known to those skilled in the art and have been widely reported in the patent literature. Calcium-containing detergents may be optionally post-treated, for example, by boro-oxidation. Methods for preparing boro-oxidized detergents are well known to those skilled in the art and have been widely reported in the patent literature.

[0060] If present, calcium-containing detergents may, advantageously, include, essentially consist of, or be composed of, neutral or overbasic calcium phenate detergents, optionally in addition thereto, neutral or overbasic calcium sulfonate detergents and / or neutral or overbasic calcium salicylate detergents.

[0061] Antioxidant Antioxidants, sometimes called oxidation inhibitors, can increase (or decrease) the resistance of transmission fluid compositions to oxidation. They can function by modifying them in combination with oxidizing agents such as peroxides and other free radical-forming compounds to render them harmless, for example, by decomposing them or by inactivating oxidation catalysts or accelerators. Oxidative degradation can be demonstrated by sludge in transmission fluid with increased use, varnish-like deposits on metal surfaces, and possibly by increased viscosity.

[0062] Examples of suitable antioxidants include, but are not limited to, copper-containing antioxidants, sulfur-containing antioxidants, aromatic amine-containing and / or amide-containing antioxidants, hindered phenol antioxidants, dithiophosphates and derivatives, as well as combinations thereof and some reaction products. Some antioxidants may be ashless (i.e., they may contain, if any, metal atoms other than traces or contaminants). In most embodiments, one or more antioxidants (particularly combinations of at least aromatic amine antioxidants and hindered phenol antioxidants) are present in new (and fully formulated) vehicle transmission lubricant fluid and are still present in typically used vehicle transmission lubricant fluid. Therefore, when the transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to the present disclosure is added to used vehicle transmission lubricant fluid to form the transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure, the transmission fluid composition may typically contain one or more antioxidants, but in one embodiment, only from used vehicle transmission lubricant fluid; in such embodiments, the transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to the present disclosure may not substantially contain any further antioxidants (the further antioxidants are not included in another additive having different listed functions - for example, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent may have antioxidant properties but is not qualified as a further antioxidant due to the primary anti-wear function of listed component (i)).

[0063] Corrosion inhibitor Corrosion inhibitors can be used to reduce the corrosion of metals and are often instead called metal deactivators or metal passivators. Some corrosion inhibitors may be characterized as antioxidants instead.

[0064] Suitable corrosion inhibitors may include nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, such as triazoles (e.g., benzotriazole), substituted thiadiazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles, tetrazoles, hydroxyquinolines, oxazolines, imidazolines, thiophenes, indoles, indazoles, quinolines, benzoxazines, dithiols, oxazoles, oxatriazoles, pyridines, piperazines, triazines, and one or more derivatives thereof. A specific corrosion inhibitor may have the following structure: [ka] It is a benzotriazole represented by the formula, where R 8 C1-C is either absent or can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. 20 The hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group may contain an alkyl or aromatic ring structure and / or a heteroatom such as N, O, or S. Examples of suitable compounds include benzotriazoles, alkyl-substituted benzotriazoles (e.g., tolyltriazole, ethylbenzotriazole, hexylbenzotriazole, octylbenzotriazole, etc.), aryl-substituted benzotriazoles, alkylaryl-substituted or arylalkyl-substituted benzotriazoles, and combinations thereof. For example, a triazole may contain or be a benzotriazole and / or alkylbenzotriazole, where the alkyl group contains 1 to about 20 carbon atoms or 1 to about 8 carbon atoms. Preferred corrosion inhibitors may contain or be a benzotriazole and / or tolyltriazole.

[0065] In addition or instead, corrosion inhibitors are used in the structure: [ka] It may include a substituted thiadiazole represented by the formula, where R 9 and R 10The group is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbon group, which may be aliphatic or aromatic, including cyclic, alicyclic, aralkyl, aryl, and alkaryl groups. These substituted thiadiazoles are derived from the 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) molecule. Many derivatives of DMTD have been described in the art, and any such compound may be included in the transmission fluid used in this disclosure. For example, U.S. Patents 2,719,125, 2,719,126, and 3,087,937 describe the preparation of various 2,5-bis-(hydrocarbon dithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles.

[0066] Furthermore, the corrosion inhibitor may also include one or more other derivatives of DMTD, such as carboxylic acid esters, where R 9 and R 10 It can be bonded to the sulfur atom of the sulfide via a carbonyl group. The preparation of these thioesters containing DMTD derivatives is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,760,933. DMTD derivatives produced by the condensation of DMTD with an α-halogenated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having at least 10 carbon atoms are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,836,564. This process allows R 9 and R 10 HOOC-CH(R 19 )-(R 19 DMTD derivatives are produced, which are hydrocarbyl groups. Further DMTD derivatives produced by amidation or esterification of these terminal carboxylic acid groups may also be useful.

[0067] The preparation of 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 3,663,561.

[0068] Certain classes of DMTD derivatives may include mixtures of 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2,5-bis-hydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Such mixtures may be marketed under the trademark HiTEC® 4313 and are commercially available from Afton Chemical.

[0069] When used, the corrosion inhibitor may be present in any effective amount, but typically it may be used in the transmission fluid composition in an amount of about 0.001% to 3.0% by mass, for example, 0.003% to 1.0% by mass or 0.005% to 0.5% by mass, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. In addition or alternatively, when used, the corrosion inhibitor may be present in the booster additive package concentrate in an amount of about 0.01% to 10% by mass, for example, 0.03% to 5.0% by mass or 0.05% to 2.0% by mass, based on the mass of the booster additive package concentrate.

[0070] Friction modifier The friction modifier may include a derivative of polyethylene polyamine and / or an ethoxylated long-chain amine. The polyethylene polyamine derivative may, advantageously, include succinimide of a defined structure or may be a simple amide.

[0071] A preferred succinimide derived from polyethylene polyamine has the following structure: [ka] The formula may include such a combination, where x+y can be between 8 and 15, and z can be an integer between 0 and 1 and 5, in particular x+y can be between 11 and 15 (e.g., 13), and z can be between 1 and 3. The preparation of such friction modifiers is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,840,663.

[0072] The succinimide described above is subsequently reacted with acetic anhydride to form the following structure (where z=1): [ka] A friction modifier can be formed as exemplified by the following.

[0073] The preparation of this friction modifier is publicly known and can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0005277. Post-reactions with other agents, such as boron oxidizers, are also publicly known in the art.

[0074] If present, such succinimide friction modifiers may be used in any effective amount. Typically, in a transmission fluid composition, they may be used in amounts of 0.1% to 10% by mass, for example, 0.3% to 6.0% by mass or 0.5% to 3.0% by mass, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. In addition or alternatively, if used, succinimide friction modifiers may be present in the booster additive package concentrate in amounts of about 0.5% to 50% by mass, for example, 1.0% to 40% by mass or 3.0% to 30% by mass, based on the mass of the booster additive package concentrate.

[0075] An example of an alternative, simple amide is the following structure: [ka] It is expressed by, in the formula, R 1 and R 2 These can be the same or different alkyl groups. For example, R 1 and R 2 C can be linear or branched. 14 ~C 20 It can be an alkyl group, and m can be an integer from 1 to 5. In particular, R 1 and R 2 Both can be derived from iso-stearic acid, and m can be 4.

[0076] If present, such simple amide friction modifiers may be used in any effective amount. Typically, in a transmission fluid composition, they may be used in amounts of 0.01% to 5.0% by mass, for example, 0.03% to 2.0% by mass or 0.05% to 1.0% by mass, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. In addition or alternatively, if used, simple amide friction modifiers may be present in the booster additive package concentrate in amounts of about 0.1% to 15% by mass, for example, 0.3% to 8.0% by mass or 0.5% to 4.0% by mass, based on the mass of the booster additive package concentrate.

[0077] Suitable ethoxylated amine friction modifiers include, or may include, reaction products of primary amines and / or diamines with ethylene oxide. The reaction with ethylene oxide can preferably be carried out using a stoichiometry such that substantially all primary and secondary amines can be converted to tertiary amines. Such amines have exemplary structures: [ka] It can be expressed by, where R 3 and R 4 This may be an alkyl group containing an alkyl group or a sulfur or oxygen bond, and containing about 10 to 20 carbon atoms. An example of an ethoxylated amine friction modifier is R 3 and / or R 4 This may include materials containing 16 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, 16 to 18 carbon atoms. This type of material is commercially available and may be sold by Akzo Nobel under the trademarks Ethomeen® and Ethoduomeen®. Preferred materials from Akzo Nobel include, in particular, Ethomeen® T / 12 and Ethoduomeen® T / 13.

[0078] If present, such ethoxylated amine friction modifiers may be used in any effective amount. Typically, in a transmission fluid composition, they may be used in an amount of 0.01% to 4.0% by mass, for example, 0.02% to 1.5% by mass or 0.03% to 0.8% by mass, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. In addition or alternatively, if used, ethoxylated amine friction modifiers may be present in the booster additive package concentrate in an amount of about 0.1% to 10% by mass, for example, 0.2% to 6.0% by mass or 0.3% to 3.0% by mass, based on the mass of the booster additive package concentrate.

[0079] However, in certain embodiments, particularly in embodiments in which the transmission fluid composition is used with a hybrid or all-electric engine, the transmission fluid composition may optionally be substantially free of friction modifiers, or instead substantially free of friction modifiers of the type described herein.

[0080] Other additives Other additives known in the art, such as other anti-wear agents, extreme pressure additives, and viscosity modifiers, may be optionally added to the transmission fluid. These are typically disclosed, for example, in "Lubricant Additives" by CVSmallheer and R. Kennedy Smith, 1967, pp. 1-11.

[0081] Compositional properties The transmission fluid booster additive package composition and the regenerated lubricant composition relating to this disclosure may exhibit specific concentrations (contents) of different elements.

[0082] For example, the present teaching is based on the addition of the るトランスミッションフルードブースターパッケージ composition, additives パッケージ composition quality standard にしてLess なくとも0.02% by mass, less えばなくとも0.03% by mass, less なくとも0.04% by mass, less なくとも0.05% by mass, less なくとも0.0 7% by mass, less なくとも0.1% by mass, less なくとも0.12% by mass, less なくとも0.15% by mass, less なくとも0.17% by mass, less なくとも0 .2% by mass, less なくとも0.22% by mass, less なくとも0.25% by mass, less なくとも0.27% by mass, less なくとも0.3% by mass, 0.02% by mass %~1.2% mass, 0.02% mass~1.0% mass, 0.02% mass~0.9% mass, 0.02% mass~0.8% mass, 0.02% mass~0.75% mass, 0.02% mass~0.7% mass, 0.02% mass~0.65% mass, 0.02% mass~0.6% mass, 0.02% mass~0.55% mass, 0.02% mass~0.5% mass, 0.02% mass~0.2% mass, 0.02% mass~0.1% mass, 0.03% mass~1.2% mass, 0.03% mass~1.0% mass, 0.03% mass~0.9% mass, 0.03% mass~0.8% mass, 0.03% mass~0.75% mass Quantity%, 0.03%~0.7%%, 0.03%~0.65%%, 0.03%~0.6%%, 0.03%~0.55%%, 0.03%~0.5%%, 0.03%~0.2%%, 0.03%~0.1%%, 0.04%~1.2%%, 0.04%~1.0%%, 0.04%~0.9%%, 0.04%~0.8%%, 0.04%~0.75%%, 0.04%~0.7%%, 0.04%~0.65%%, 0.04%~0.6%%, 0.04%~0.55%%, 0. 0.04%~0.5% wt%, 0.04%~0.2% wt%, 0.04%~0.1% wt%, 0.05%~1.2% wt%, 0.05%~1.0% wt%, 0.05%~0.9% wt%, 0.05%~0.8% wt%, 0.05%~0.75% wt%, 0.05%~0.7% wt%, 0.05%~0.65% wt%, 0.05%~0.6% wt%, 0.05%~0.55% wt%, 0.05%~0.5% wt%, 0.05%~0.2% wt%, 0.05%~0.1% wt%, 0.07%~1.2% wt%, 0.07%~1.0% by mass, 0.07%~0.9% by mass, 0.07%~0.8% by mass, 0.07%~0.75% by mass, 0.07%~0.7% by mass, 0.07%~0.65% by mass, 0.07%~0.6% by mass, 0.07%~0.55% by mass, 0.07%~0.5% by mass, 0.07%~0.2% by mass, 0.07%~0.1% by mass, 0.1%~1.2% by mass, 0.1%~1.0% by mass, 0.1%~0.9% by mass, 0.1%~0.8% by mass, 0.1%~0.75% by mass, 0.1% by mass %~0.7% by mass, 0.1%~0.65% by mass, 0.1%~0.6% by mass, 0.1%~0.55% by mass, 0.1%~0.5% by mass, 0.15%~1.2% by mass, 0.15%~1.0% by mass, 0.15%~0.9% by mass, 0.15%~0.8% by mass, 0.15%~0.75% by mass, 0.15%~0.7% by mass, 0.15%~0.65% by mass, 0.15%~0.6% by mass, 0.15%~0.55% by mass, 0.15%~0.5% by mass, 0.2%~1.2% by mass 0.2%~1.0% mass, 0.2%~0.9% mass, 0.2%~0.8% mass, 0.2%~0.75% mass, 0.2%~0.7% mass, 0.2%~0.65% mass, 0.2%~0.6% mass, 0.2%~0.55% mass, 0.2%~0.5% mass, 0.25%~1.2% mass, 0.25%~1.0% mass, 0.25%~0.9% mass, 0.25%~0.8% mass, 0.25%~0.75% mass, 0.25%~0.7% mass, 0.25%~0.65% mass %, 0.25%~0.6%%, 0.25%~0.55%%, 0.25%~0.5%%, 0.3%~1.2%%, 0.3%~1.0%%, 0.3%~0.9%%, 0.3%~0.8%%, 0.3%~0.75%%, 0.3%~0.7%%, 0.3%~0.65%%, 0.3%~0.6%%, 0.3%~0.55% (again, 0.3%~0.5%), and 0.04% (again, 0.04%~0.75%) of the content of the homogenate.

[0083] In addition or instead, the recycled lubricating oil composition according to the present disclosure contains at least 30 parts per million by mass, based on the total mass of the recycled lubricating oil composition, for example, at least 50 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 85 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 110 ppm, at least 120 ppm, at least 130 ppm, at least 140 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 160 ppm, at least 170 ppm, at least 180 ppm, at least 190 ppm, at least 200 ppm, 30 ppm to 750 ppm, 30 ppm m~600ppm, 30ppm~500ppm, 30ppm~450ppm, 30ppm~400ppm, 30ppm~350ppm, 30ppm~300ppm, 30ppm~270ppm, 30ppm~250ppm, 30ppm~220ppm, 30ppm~200pp m, 30ppm~150ppm, 50ppm~750ppm, 50ppm~600ppm, 50ppm~500ppm, 50ppm~450ppm, 50ppm~400ppm, 50ppm~350ppm, 50ppm~300ppm, 50ppm~270ppm, 50ppm~ 250ppm, 50ppm~220ppm, 50ppm~200ppm, 50ppm~150ppm, 70ppm~750ppm, 70ppm~600ppm, 70ppm~500ppm, 70ppm~450ppm, 70ppm~400ppm, 70ppm~350ppm, 70ppm~300ppm, 70ppm~270ppm, 70ppm~250ppm, 70ppm~220ppm, 70ppm~200ppm, 70ppm~150ppm, 85ppm~750ppm, 85ppm~600ppm, 85ppm~500ppm, 85ppm~45 0ppm, 85ppm~400ppm, 85ppm~350ppm, 85ppm~300ppm, 85ppm~270ppm, 85ppm~250ppm, 85ppm~220ppm, 85ppm~200ppm, 100ppm~750ppm, 100ppm~600ppm, 1 00ppm~500ppm, 100ppm~450ppm, 100ppm~400ppm, 100ppm~350ppm, 100ppm~300ppm, 100ppm~270ppm, 100ppm~250ppm, 100ppm~220ppm, 110ppm~200ppm,110ppm~750ppm, 110ppm~600ppm, 110ppm~500ppm, 110ppm~450ppm, 110ppm~400ppm, 110ppm~350ppm, 110ppm~300ppm, 110ppm~ 270ppm, 110ppm~250ppm, 110ppm~220ppm, 110ppm~200ppm, 120ppm~750ppm, 120ppm~600ppm, 120ppm~500ppm, 120ppm~450ppm, 1 20ppm~400ppm, 120ppm~350ppm, 120ppm~300ppm, 120ppm~270ppm, 120ppm~250ppm, 120ppm~220ppm, 120ppm~200ppm, 130ppm~75 0ppm, 130ppm~600ppm, 130ppm~500ppm, 130ppm~450ppm, 130ppm~400ppm, 130ppm~350ppm, 130ppm~300ppm, 130ppm~270ppm, 130 ppm~250ppm, 130ppm~220ppm, 130ppm~200ppm, 140ppm~750ppm, 140ppm~600ppm, 140ppm~500ppm, 140ppm~450ppm, 140ppm~400 ppm, 140ppm~350ppm, 140ppm~300ppm, 140ppm~270ppm, 140ppm~250ppm, 140ppm~220ppm, 140ppm~200ppm, 150ppm~750ppm, 150p Boron content may be as follows: 600 ppm, 150 ppm to 500 ppm, 150 ppm to 450 ppm, 150 ppm to 400 ppm, 150 ppm to 350 ppm, 150 ppm to 300 ppm, 150 ppm to 270 ppm, 150 ppm to 250 ppm, 150 ppm to 220 ppm, or 150 ppm to 200 ppm, particularly at least 30 ppm, at least 85 ppm, 30 ppm to 400 ppm, 85 ppm to 300 ppm, or 30 ppm to 150 ppm.

[0084] Furthermore, in addition to or instead of, the transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to the present disclosure is 0.1% to 3.5% by mass, for example 0.1% to 3.0% by mass, 0.1% to 2.5% by mass, 0.1% to 2.3% by mass, 0.1% to 2.0% by mass, 0.1% to 1.8% by mass, 0.1% to 1.5% by mass, 0.1% to 1.3% by mass, 0.1% to 1.0% by mass, 0.1% to 0.9% by mass, 0.1% to 0.8% by mass, 0.1% to 0.7% by mass, 0.2% to 3.5% by mass, 0.2% to 3.0% by mass, 0.2% to 2.5% by mass, 0.2% to 2.3% by mass, 0.2% to 2.0% by mass, 0.2% to 1.8% by mass, 0.2% to 1.5% by mass, 0.2% to 1.3% by mass, 0.2% to 1.0% by mass, 0.2% to 0.9% by mass, 0.2% to 0.8% by mass, 0.2% to 0.7% by mass, 0.3% to 3.5% by mass, 0.3% to 3.0% by mass, 0.3% to 2.5% by mass, 0.3% to 2.3% by mass, 0.3% to 2.0% by mass, 0.3% to 1.8% by mass, 0.3% to 1.5% by mass, 0.3% to 1.3% by mass, 0.3% to 1.0% by mass, 0.3% to 0.9% by mass, 0.3% to 0.8% by mass, 0.3% to 0.7% by mass, 0.4% to 3.5% by mass, 0.4% to 3.0% by mass, 0.4% to 2.5% by mass, 0.4% to 2.3% by mass, 0.4% to 2.0% by mass, 0.4% to 1.8% by mass, 0.4% to 1.5% by mass, 0.4% to 1.3% by mass, 0.4% to 1.0% by mass, 0.4% to 0.9% by mass, 0.4% to 0.8% by mass, 0.4% to 0.7% by mass, 0.5% to 3.5% by mass, 0.5% to 3.0% by mass, 0.5% to 2.5% by mass, 0.5% to 2.3% by mass, 0.5% to 2.0% by mass, 0.5% to 1.8% by mass, 0.5% to 1.5% by mass, 0.5% to 1.3% by mass, 0.5% to 1.0% by mass, 0.5% to 0.9% by mass, 0.5% to 0.8% by mass, 0.5% to 0.7% by mass, 0.6% to 3.5% by mass, 0.6% to 3.0% by mass, 0.6% to 2.5% by mass, 0.6% to 2.3% by mass, 0.6% to 2.0% by mass, 0.6% to 1.8% by mass, and 0.It may exhibit calcium content of 6% to 1.5% by mass, 0.6% to 1.3% by mass, 0.6% to 1.0% by mass, 0.6% to 0.9% by mass, 0.6% to 0.8% by mass, or 0.6% to 0.7% by mass, and particularly 0.2% to 2.0% by mass, 0.3% to 1.5% by mass, or 0.3% to 1.0% by mass (from at least the detergent and / or optionally any other calcium-containing component).

[0085] Furthermore, or alternatively, the recycled lubricant composition relating to this disclosure may have a concentration of 150 ppm to 7500 ppm (by mass) based on the total mass of the recycled lubricant composition, for example, 150 ppm to 6000 ppm, 150 ppm to 5000 ppm, 150 ppm to 4500 ppm, 150 ppm to 4000 ppm, 150 ppm to 3500 ppm, 150 ppm to 3000 ppm, 150 ppm to 2500 ppm, 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 150 ppm to 1500 ppm, 150 ppm to 1250 ppm, 150 ppm to 1000 ppm, and 150 ppm. ~800ppm, 150ppm~600ppm, 250ppm~7500ppm, 250ppm~6000ppm, 250ppm~5000ppm, 250ppm~4500ppm, 250ppm~4000ppm, 250ppm~3500ppm, 250ppm~3000ppm m, 250ppm~2500ppm, 250ppm~2000ppm, 250ppm~1500ppm, 250ppm~1250ppm, 250ppm~1000ppm, 250ppm~800ppm, 250ppm~600ppm, 300ppm~7500ppm, 300ppm m~6000ppm, 300ppm~5000ppm, 300ppm~4500ppm, 300ppm~4000ppm, 300ppm~3500ppm, 300ppm~3000ppm, 300ppm~2500ppm, 300ppm~2000ppm, 300ppm~150 0ppm, 300ppm~1250ppm, 300ppm~1000ppm, 300ppm~800ppm, 300ppm~600ppm, 350ppm~7500ppm, 350ppm~6000ppm, 350ppm~5000ppm, 350ppm~4500ppm, 35 0ppm~4000ppm, 350ppm~3500ppm, 350ppm~3000ppm, 350ppm~2500ppm, 350ppm~2000ppm, 350ppm~1500ppm, 350ppm~1250ppm, 350ppm~1000ppm, 350ppm~ 800ppm, 350ppm~600ppm, 400ppm~7500ppm, 400ppm~6000ppm, 400ppm~5000ppm, 400ppm~4500ppm, 400ppm~4000ppm, 400ppm~3500ppm, 400ppm~3000ppm,400ppm~2500ppm, 400ppm~2000ppm, 400ppm~1500ppm, 400ppm~1250ppm, 400ppm~1000ppm, 400p pm~800ppm, 400ppm~600ppm, 450ppm~7500ppm, 450ppm~6000ppm, 450ppm~5000ppm, 450ppm~450 0ppm, 450ppm~4000ppm, 450ppm~3500ppm, 450ppm~3000ppm, 450ppm~2500ppm, 450ppm~2000ppm , 450ppm~1500ppm, 450ppm~1250ppm, 450ppm~1000ppm, 450ppm~800ppm, 450ppm~600ppm, 500ppm m~7500ppm, 500ppm~6000ppm, 500ppm~5000ppm, 500ppm~4500ppm, 500ppm~4000ppm, 500ppm~35 00ppm, 500ppm~3000ppm, 500ppm~2500ppm, 500ppm~2000ppm, 500ppm~1500ppm, 500ppm~1250ppm The calcium content may be 500 ppm to 1000 ppm, 500 ppm to 800 ppm, or 500 ppm to 600 ppm, particularly 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 250 ppm to 800 ppm, 300 ppm to 1250 ppm, or 300 ppm to 1000 ppm (at least from the detergent and / or optionally from any other calcium-containing component).

[0086] Furthermore, in addition to or instead of, the transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to the present disclosure contains 0.1% to 3.5% by mass, for example 0.1% to 3.0% by mass, 0.1% to 2.5% by mass, 0.1% to 2.3% by mass, 0.1% to 2.0% by mass, 0.1% to 1.8% by mass, 0.1% to 1.5% by mass, 0.1% to 1.3% by mass, 0.1% to 1.0% by mass, 0.1% to 0.9% by mass, 0.1% to 0.8% by mass, 0.1% to 0.7% by mass, 0.2% to 3.5% by mass, 0.2% to 3.0% by mass, 0.2% to 2.5% by mass, 0.2% to 2.3% by mass, 0.2% to 2.0% by mass, 0.2% to 1.8% by mass, 0.2% to 1.5% by mass, 0.2% to 1.3% by mass, 0.2% to 1.0% by mass, 0.2% to 0.9% by mass, 0.2% to 0.8% by mass, 0.2% to 0.7% by mass, 0.3% to 3.5% by mass, 0.3% to 3.0% by mass, 0.3% to 2.5% by mass, 0.3% to 2.3% by mass, 0.3% to 2.0% by mass, 0.3% to 1.8% by mass, 0.3% to 1.5% by mass, 0.3% to 1.3% by mass, 0.3% to 1.0% by mass, 0.3% to 0.9% by mass, 0.3% to 0.8% by mass, 0.3% to 0.7% by mass, 0.4% to 3.5% by mass, 0.4% to 3.0% by mass, 0.4% to 2.5% by mass, 0.4% to 2.3% by mass, 0.4% to 2.0% by mass, 0.4% to 1.8% by mass, 0.4% to 1.5% by mass, 0.4% to 1.3% by mass, 0.4% to 1.0% by mass, 0.4% to 0.9% by mass, 0.4% to 0.8% by mass, 0.4% to 0.7% by mass, 0.5% to 3.5% by mass, 0.5% to 3.0% by mass, 0.5% to 2.5% by mass, 0.5% to 2.3% by mass, 0.5% to 2.0% by mass, 0.5% to 1.8% by mass, 0.5% to 1.5% by mass, 0.5% to 1.3% by mass, 0.5% to 1.0% by mass, 0.5% to 0.9% by mass, 0.5% to 0.8% by mass, 0.5% to 0.7% by mass, 0.6% to 3.5% by mass, 0.6% to 3.0% by mass, 0.6% to 2.5% by mass, 0.6% to 2.3% by mass, 0.6% to 2.0% by mass, 0.6% to 1.It may exhibit phosphorus content of 8% by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% by mass, 0.6% to 1.3% by mass, 0.6% to 1.0% by mass, 0.6% to 0.9% by mass, 0.6% to 0.8% by mass, or 0.6% to 0.7% by mass, and especially 0.2% to 2.0% by mass, 0.3% to 1.5% by mass, or 0.3% to 1.0% by mass (from at least compounds of structure (I) and structure (II) and / or optionally any other phosphorus-containing component).

[0087] Furthermore, or alternatively, the recycled lubricating oil composition relating to this disclosure may contain 150 ppm to 7500 ppm (by mass) based on the total mass of the recycled lubricating oil composition, for example, 150 ppm to 6000 ppm, 150 ppm to 5000 ppm, 150 ppm to 4500 ppm, 150 ppm to 4000 ppm, 150 ppm to 3500 ppm, 150 ppm to 3000 ppm, 150 ppm to 2500 ppm, 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 150 ppm to 1500 ppm, 150 ppm to 1250 ppm, 150 ppm to 1000 ppm, 1 50ppm~800ppm, 150ppm~600ppm, 250ppm~7500ppm, 250ppm~6000ppm, 250ppm~5000ppm, 250ppm~4500ppm, 250ppm~4000ppm, 250ppm~3500ppm, 250ppm ~3000ppm, 250ppm~2500ppm, 250ppm~2000ppm, 250ppm~1500ppm, 250ppm~1250ppm, 250ppm~1000ppm, 250ppm~800ppm, 250ppm~600ppm, 300ppm~7500p pm, 300ppm~6000ppm, 300ppm~5000ppm, 300ppm~4500ppm, 300ppm~4000ppm, 300ppm~3500ppm, 300ppm~3000ppm, 300ppm~2500ppm, 300ppm~2000ppm, 300ppm~1500ppm, 300ppm~1250ppm, 300ppm~1000ppm, 300ppm~800ppm, 300ppm~600ppm, 350ppm~7500ppm, 350ppm~6000ppm, 350ppm~5000ppm, 350ppm ~4500ppm, 350ppm~4000ppm, 350ppm~3500ppm, 350ppm~3000ppm, 350ppm~2500ppm, 350ppm~2000ppm, 350ppm~1500ppm, 350ppm~1250ppm, 350ppm~10 00ppm, 350ppm~800ppm, 350ppm~600ppm, 400ppm~7500ppm, 400ppm~6000ppm, 400ppm~5000ppm, 400ppm~4500ppm, 400ppm~4000ppm, 400ppm~3500ppm,400ppm~3000ppm, 400ppm~2500ppm, 400ppm~2000ppm, 400ppm~1500ppm, 400ppm~1250ppm, 400ppm~ 1000ppm, 400ppm~800ppm, 400ppm~600ppm, 450ppm~7500ppm, 450ppm~6000ppm, 450ppm~5000ppm, 4 50ppm~4500ppm, 450ppm~4000ppm, 450ppm~3500ppm, 450ppm~3000ppm, 450ppm~2500ppm, 450ppm~2 000ppm, 450ppm~1500ppm, 450ppm~1250ppm, 450ppm~1000ppm, 450ppm~800ppm, 450ppm~600ppm, 50 0ppm~7500ppm, 500ppm~6000ppm, 500ppm~5000ppm, 500ppm~4500ppm, 500ppm~4000ppm, 500ppm~35 00ppm, 500ppm~3000ppm, 500ppm~2500ppm, 500ppm~2000ppm, 500ppm~1500ppm, 500ppm~1250ppm, 5 Phosphorus content may be 00 ppm to 1000 ppm, 500 ppm to 800 ppm, or 500 ppm to 600 ppm, particularly 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 250 ppm to 800 ppm, 300 ppm to 1250 ppm, or 300 ppm to 1000 ppm (from at least compounds of structure (I) and structure (II) and / or optionally from any other phosphorus-containing components).

[0088] Functional properties of lubricant fluid compositions Advantageously, lubricating compositions prepared by combining (alone or with one or more other components such as viscosity modifiers) a fresh or used lubricating base stock relating to the present disclosure with a booster additive package composition relating to the present disclosure may preferably exhibit certain functional properties that are typically associated with and / or necessarily related to a particular application in which the lubricating composition is to be used. In the spirit of the present disclosure, such functional properties of a lubricating composition may include, but are not limited to, shudder resistance (ASD) life and paper-to-metal static friction coefficient (μ). s), the coefficient of kinetic friction between paper and metal at relatively low speeds (μ5; optionally, μ s Examples of alternatives / approximations include miscibility / suspension stability and / or other functional properties, as well as combinations thereof.

[0089] As will be described in more detail below, ASD lifetime can be measured by a constant pressure test method (e.g., JASO M349), but a test method using constant torque measurement (e.g., a modified JASO M349, detailed in the Examples section herein) may provide an alternative / more accurate / more sensitive evaluation parameter. Therefore, regardless of whether the booster additive package composition according to this disclosure is combined with a fresh (fully formulated) or used (through actual or simulated use) lubricating oil composition containing one or more lubricating oil base stocks or a majority of lubricating oil base stocks (including base stock mixtures) in a booster package to lubricating oil base stock / (fresh / used) composition mass ratio of, for example, 1:49 to 1:7, 1:32 to 1:8, or 1:24 to 1:9, the resulting regenerated lubricating oil composition (likewise according to this disclosure) may advantageously exhibit one or more of the following: (1) At least 80 hours (for example, at least 85 hours, at least 90 hours, at least 95 hours, at least 100 hours, at least 110 hours, at least 120 hours, 80 hours to 320 hours, 80 hours to 300 hours, 80 hours to 280 hours, 80 hours to 260 hours, 80 hours to 240 hours, 80 hours to 220 hours, 80 hours to 200 hours, 80 hours to 180 hours, 80 hours to 160 hours, 80 hours to 140 hours, 80 hours to 120 hours, 85 hours to 320 hours, 85 hours to 300 hours, 85 hours to 280 hours, 8 5 hours to 260 hours, 85 hours to 240 hours, 85 hours to 220 hours, 85 hours to 200 hours, 85 hours to 180 hours, 85 hours to 160 hours, 85 hours to 140 hours, 85 hours to 120 hours, 90 hours to 320 hours, 90 hours to 300 hours, 90 hours to 280 hours, 90 hours to 260 hours, 90 hours to 240 hours, 90 hours to 220 hours, 90 hours to 200 hours, 90 hours to 180 hours, 90 hours to 160 hours, 90 hours to 140 hours, 90 hours to 120 hours, 95 hours to 320 hours, 95 hours to 300 hours, 95 hours to 280 hours, 95-260 hours, 95-240 hours, 95-220 hours, 95-200 hours, 95-180 hours, 95-160 hours, 95-140 hours, 95-120 hours, 100-320 hours, 100-300 hours, 100-280 hours, 100-260 hours, 100-240 hours, 100-220 hours, 100-200 hours, 100-180 hours, 100-160 hours, 100-140 hours, 100-120 hours, 110-320 hours ASD life under constant torque conditions (e.g., using modified JASO M349) for hours, 110-300 hours, 100-280 hours, 110-260 hours, 110-240 hours, 100-220 hours, 110-200 hours, 110-180 hours, 100-160 hours, 110-140 hours, 120-320 hours, 120-300 hours, 120-280 hours, 120-260 hours, 120-240 hours, 120-220 hours, 120-200 hours, 120-180 hours, or 120-160 hours); (2) At least 35 hours (e.g., at least 40 hours, at least 45 hours, at least 50 hours, 35 to 240 hours, 35 to 220 hours, 35 to 200 hours, 35 to 180 hours, 35 to 160 hours, 35 to 140 hours, 35 to 120 hours, 35 to 100 hours, 35 to 80 hours, 35 to 60 hours, 40 to 240 hours, 40 to 220 hours, 40 to 200 hours, 40 to 180 hours, 40 to 160 hours, 40 to 140 hours, 40 to 120 hours) compared to the ASD life of the regenerated lubricant composition without the booster package. Increased ASD life under constant torque conditions (e.g., using modified JASO M349) for intervals of 40-100 hours, 40-80 hours, 40-60 hours, 45-240 hours, 45-220 hours, 45-200 hours, 45-180 hours, 45-160 hours, 45-140 hours, 45-120 hours, 45-100 hours, 45-80 hours, 45-60 hours, 50-240 hours, 50-220 hours, 50-200 hours, 50-180 hours, 50-160 hours, 50-140 hours, 50-120 hours, 50-100 hours, 50-80 hours or 50-60 hours); and (3) At least 40% (e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 75%, at least 90%, 40%~300%, 40%~250%, 40%~200%, 40%~175%, 40%~150%, 40%~125%, 40%~100%, 40%~80%, 40%~60%, 50%~300%, 50%~250%, 50%~200%, 50%~175%, 50%~150%, 50%~125%, 50%~100%) compared to the ASD life of the regenerated lubricant composition without the booster package. Increased ASD life under constant torque conditions (e.g., using modified JASO M349) in the following ranges: 50%~80%, 50%~60%, 60%~300%, 60%~250%, 60%~200%, 60%~175%, 60%~150%, 60%~125%, 60%~100%, 60%~80%, 75%~300%, 75%~250%, 75%~200%, 75%~175%, 75%~150%, 75%~125%, 75%~100%, 90%~300%, 90%~250%, 90%~200%, 40%~175%, 90%~150%, 90%~125%, or 90%~100%).

[0090] In addition, or instead, whether the booster additive package composition relating to this disclosure is combined with a fresh (fully formulated) or used (through actual or simulated use) lubricant composition containing one or more lubricant base stocks or a majority of lubricant base stocks (including base stock mixtures), the resulting regenerated lubricant composition (likewise relating to this disclosure) may advantageously exhibit one or more of the following: (1) A coefficient of friction of at least 0.100 (e.g., at least 0.105, at least 0.110, at least 0.115 or at least 0.119 and optionally 0.140 or less, 0.135 or less or 0.130 or less) under LFW-1 standard test conditions (see, for example, JASO M358 (2005) standard test method) with a sliding speed of approximately 0.125 m / s, a temperature of approximately 110°C, and an additional load of approximately 1.1 kN (approximately 250 lb); (2) The coefficient of friction of the regenerated lubricant composition obtained without the booster package (e.g., as a fresh, fully formulated lubricant composition or as a used / degraded formulated lubricant composition) that is 40% or less lower than the corresponding coefficient of friction of μ(5) (e.g., 35% or less lower, 30% or less lower, 25% or less lower, 20% or less lower, 15% or less lower, 10% or less lower, 5% or less lower, 2% or less lower, the same as or higher than, and optionally 2% or less higher, 5% or less higher or 10% or less higher) of the coefficient of friction of μ(5) (where μ(5) is measured according to the modified JASO M349 standard shudder resistance test conditions (constant torque) disclosed herein); and (3) If the regenerated lubricant composition includes a booster package and a used form of a fully formulated (fresh) lubricant composition, the coefficient of friction μ(5) of the corresponding fresh (fully formulated) lubricant composition before use must be 30% or less lower (e.g., 25% or less lower, 20% or less lower, 15% or less lower, 10% or less lower, 5% or less lower, 2% or less lower, or the same as or higher than that, and optionally 10% or less higher or 5% or less higher) of the corresponding fresh (fully formulated) lubricant composition (where μ(5) is measured according to the modified JASO M349 standard shudder resistance test conditions (constant torque) disclosed herein).

[0091] Further embodiments In addition or alternatively, this disclosure may include one or more of the following embodiments:

[0092] Embodiment 1. A transmission fluid booster additive package composition comprising (a) a mixture and (i) structure (I): [ka] (In the formula, groups R1, R2, and R3 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond), provided that in component (i), at least some of groups R1, R2, and R3 are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond)). Two or more compounds of the following: and (ii) structure (II): [ka] (In the formula, groups R4 and R7 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R5 and R6 are independently alkyl bonds having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.) A transmission fluid booster additive package composition comprising: (b) a mixture containing one or more compounds; (c) an ashless dispersant comprising at least 20% by mass of the transmission fluid booster additive package composition; (d) at least two friction modifiers, the first of which comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a suspension-stabilizing amount of lubricating oil base stock, having a boron content of 0.04% to 0.75% by mass based on the total mass of the additive package composition; a calcium content of 0.3% to 1.5% by mass based on the total mass of the additive package composition; and a phosphorus content of 0.3% to 1.5% by mass based on the total mass of the additive package composition.

[0093] Embodiment 2. The booster additive package composition according to Embodiment 1, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 1:2.

[0094] Embodiment 3. The ashless dispersant is a booster additive package composition according to Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, comprising polyisobutenyl succinimide.

[0095] Embodiment 4. The polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative has the following structure: [ka] (In the equation, x+y is between 8 and 15, and z is an integer between 0 and 1.) A booster additive package composition according to any one of the prior embodiments, having the following:

[0096] Embodiment 5. A booster additive package composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture or combination thereof.

[0097] Embodiment 6. A booster additive package composition according to any one of the prior embodiments, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises benzotriazole.

[0098] Embodiment 7. A booster additive package composition according to any one of the prior embodiments, wherein the transmission fluid booster additive package composition substantially contains no further antioxidants other than any of the compounds from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as antioxidants.

[0099] Embodiment 8. A booster additive package composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the lubricating oil base stock comprises a group II base stock, a group III base stock, and / or a group V base stock, and is present in a suspension stabilization amount of 5.0% to 40% by mass based on the weight of the booster additive package composition.

[0100] Embodiment 9. Hereinafter: (1) The booster additive package composition and the fully formulated lubricating oil composition containing the same or a different lubricating oil base stock as the lubricating oil base stock in the booster additive package composition (for example, in a mass ratio of booster additive package composition to lubricating oil base stock of 1:49 to 1:7) are formulated to exhibit at least 85 hours of shudder resistance durability (ASD) life under constant torque; (2) The booster additive package composition contains at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a detergent, a friction modifier, at least one further antioxidant and a lubricating oil base stock, or, when added to a fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition that contained it before use, contributes to at least an additional 40 hours of ASD life under constant torque compared to the ASD life of the fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition alone. A booster additive package composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, satisfying one or more of the following: (for example, the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the fresh or used fully formulated lubricant composition is 1:32 to 1:8); and (3) the booster additive package composition, when added to or containing at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a detergent, a friction modifier, at least one further antioxidant and a lubricant base stock, contributes to an increase of at least 60% in ASD life under constant torque compared to the ASD life of the fresh or used fully formulated lubricant composition alone (for example, the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the fresh or used fully formulated lubricant composition is 1:32 to 1:8).

[0101] Embodiment 10. A large quantity of fully formulated lubricating oil composition previously used to lubricate a vehicle transmission over at least 25,000 kilometers or equivalent lubrication operating time, which previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a perbasic calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two further antioxidants and a lubricating oil base stock; and a small amount of transmission fluid booster additive package composition, which, when added to the previously used formulated lubricating oil composition, maintains suspension stability, which may be as described in any of the preceding embodiments, or (a) a mixture, and (i) structure (I): [ka] (In the formula, groups R1, R2, and R3 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond), provided that in component (i), at least some of groups R1, R2, and R3 are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond)). Two or more compounds of the following: and (ii) structure (II): [ka] (In the formula, groups R4 and R7 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R5 and R6 are independently alkyl bonds having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.) A regenerated used lubricant composition comprising a mixture of (b) an ashless dispersant; (c) a perbasic calcium phenate cleaning agent; (d) at least two friction modifiers, the first of which comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a small amount of a transmission fluid booster additive package composition comprising a suspension-stabilizing amount of lubricant base stock, wherein the regenerated used lubricant composition exhibits a boron content of 30 to 400 parts per million by mass, based on the total mass of the regenerated used lubricant composition; a calcium content of 250 to 800 parts per million by mass, based on the total mass of the regenerated used lubricant composition; and a phosphorus content of 250 to 800 parts per million by mass, based on the total mass of the regenerated used lubricant composition.

[0102] Embodiment 11. The recycled composition according to Embodiment 10, wherein at least 20% by mass of the transmission fluid booster additive package composition consists of an ashless dispersant.

[0103] Embodiment 12. The recycled composition according to Embodiment 10 or Embodiment 11, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in an amount of 0.05 to 1.2% by mass, based on the total mass of the composition.

[0104] Embodiment 13. A recycled composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 12, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 1:2.

[0105] Embodiment 14. A recycled composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 13, wherein the ashless dispersant comprises polyisobutenyl succinimide and the corrosion inhibitor comprises benzotriazole.

[0106] Embodiment 15. The polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative has the following structure: [ka] (In the equation, x+y is between 8 and 15, and z is an integer between 0 and 1.) A recycled composition according to any one of embodiments 10 to 14, having the following characteristics.

[0107] Embodiment 16. The recycled composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 15, wherein the second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture or combination thereof.

[0108] Embodiment 17. A recycled composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 16, wherein the transmission fluid booster additive package composition substantially contains no further antioxidants other than any compound from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as antioxidants.

[0109] Embodiment 18. A recycled composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 17, wherein the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used, fully formulated lubricating oil composition is 1:49 to 1:5.

[0110] Embodiment 19. A regenerated composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 18, wherein the lubricating oil base stock from the booster additive package composition comprises a group II base stock, a group III base stock, and / or a group V base stock, and the lubricating oil base stock from the fully formulated lubricating oil composition contained a group II base stock and / or a group III base stock before use.

[0111] Embodiment 20. The following: A regenerated lubricant composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 19, satisfying one or more of the following conditions: (1) The regenerated used lubricant composition exhibits an ASD life under constant torque of at least 80 hours; (2) The regenerated used lubricant composition exhibits an ASD life under constant torque of an additional 40 hours compared to the ASD life of the used fully formulated lubricant composition alone (for example, where the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used fully formulated lubricant composition is 1:32 to 1:8); and the regenerated used lubricant composition contributes to at least a 60% increase in the ASD life under constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully formulated lubricant composition alone (for example, where the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used fully formulated lubricant composition is 1:32 to 1:8).

[0112] Embodiment 21. (A) A coefficient of friction of at least 0.100 and 0.140 or less under LFW-1 standard test conditions with a sliding speed of about 0.125 m / s, a temperature of about 110°C, and an additional load of about 1.1 kN (about 250 lb), μ; (B) A coefficient of friction of 40% or less lower and 10% or less higher than the corresponding coefficient of friction of a regenerated used lubricant composition without the transmission fluid booster additive package composition, μ(5) (where μ(5) is measured according to the modified JASO M349 standard shudder resistance test conditions of constant torque); or (C) A regenerated composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 20, exhibiting both (A) and (B).

[0113] Embodiment 22. A method for regenerating a fully formulated lubricant composition previously used to lubricate a vehicle transmission over at least 25,000 kilometers or equivalent lubrication operating time, comprising the steps of: mixing a suspension-stable transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9 with a used fully formulated lubricant composition that previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a perbasic calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two further antioxidants and a lubricant base stock to form a regenerated used lubricant composition; and lubricating a vehicle transmission to enable operation over at least a further 30,000 kilometers or equivalent lubrication operating time.

[0114] Embodiment 23. A method for regenerating a fully formulated lubricant composition previously used to lubricate a vehicle transmission over at least 25,000 kilometers or equivalent lubrication operating time, comprising the steps of: mixing a suspension stability transmission fluid booster additive package composition with a used fully formulated lubricant composition that previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a perbasic calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two further antioxidants and a lubricant base stock to form a regenerated used lubricant composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 21; and lubricating a vehicle transmission to enable operation over at least a further 30,000 kilometers or equivalent lubrication operating time.

[0115] Embodiment 24. Use of a suspension stability transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, in combination with a fresh or used fully formulated lubricant composition, to restore at least partially lost lubricant properties of a vehicle transmission during previous operation, particularly one or more of the following: shudder resistance, friction adjustment, dynamic-static friction balance, wear resistance, soot dispersion ability, cleaning power, suspension stability, and corrosion inhibition.

[0116] Embodiment 25. Use of a regenerated used lubricant composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 21 to regenerate lubricant properties that were at least partially lost during previous operation of a vehicle transmission, particularly one or more of the following: shudder resistance, friction adjustment, dynamic-static friction balance, wear resistance, soot dispersion ability, cleaning power, suspension stability, and corrosion inhibition. [Examples]

[0117] The present invention may be further understood by reference to the following (non-limiting) embodiments. In the following embodiments, the properties of specific components or compositions themselves are described using specific technical terms as defined below. In the embodiments, all parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.

[0118] "Shadder resistance" life (or ASD life) measures the ability of a lubricating composition to withstand the irregular stick-slip friction phenomenon known as "shudder," for example, when lubricating a transmission such as a CVT or other parts of a vehicle's drivetrain. In a transmission with a clutch and / or variator, for example, to prevent "shudder," the lubricant can typically provide a positive friction gradient, i.e., a friction coefficient that increases with increasing slip speed (this is often instead called a positive dμ / dv). A negative friction gradient (or negative dμ / dv value) can result in vehicle vibration known as "shudder." A standard method for evaluating shudder resistance (stick-slip friction) performance is JASO M349, which "ages" the lubricant under constant speed and constant pressure friction of a steel plate against a friction plate under the conditions in Table 1, using a Low Speed ​​Slip Friction Test Apparatus (LVFA). [Table 1]

[0119] As shown in the table above, the friction-velocity (μ-v) relationship is examined every 24 hours to determine the point of failure. Daily μ-v measurements are performed under constant pressure, but also under continuously changing sliding velocities and various temperatures, as shown in Table 2 below. [Table 2]

[0120] In such a test design, ASD lifetime is measured (usually in time units) when dμ / dv reaches its failure threshold (i.e., becomes negative) at either a slip velocity of 0.3 m / s or 0.9 m / s (or more precisely, at the point between a successful measurement and a failed measurement where the threshold is reached in the least squares curve fitting).

[0121] However, according to this disclosure, the JASO M349 shudder resistance test is adapted to apply a constant torque to the friction plate instead of constant pressure. While the JASO M349 (standard) ASD performance test is performed under constant pressure, the modified JASO M349 ASD performance test may be performed under variable pressure so that the applied torque can be kept nearly constant. The modified JASO M349 ASD performance test aims to keep the applied torque constant from the start of the test through to the end of the test by varying the applied pressure. In this case, the defined constant applied torque value corresponds to the "initial" torque measured during the JASO M349 ASD performance test (constant pressure of 1.00 + / - 0.05 MPa). In this case, using a JASO M349 (constant pressure / standard) test conducted on an Automax® LVFA rig (using Automax® software prompting data points to be collected at approximately 10-minute intervals, with RTF-1 reference fluid and A795.D0AK friction material), the “initial” torque value may be measured either as the zero-minute data point itself, or as the average of the numerical values ​​of the data points for the first 20 minutes (i.e., the average of the data points at 0, 10, and 20 minutes), with the latter (average) torque value measurement being preferred. Other modified parameters / conditions for constant torque “aging” conformance are shown in Table 3 below. [Table 3]

[0122] As shown in the table above, the friction-velocity (μ-v) relationship is examined every 20 hours to determine the point of failure. The μ-v measurements every 20 hours are performed under three different constant pressures (instead of a single constant torque) and include a continuously varying sweep sliding velocity at various temperatures, as shown in Table 4 below. [Table 4]

[0123] In this latter Mu-V test plan, μ(5) or μ5 is the μ value at 5 rpm, and μ(50) or μ 50This is the μ value at 50 rpm, and is expressed as μ(150) or μ 150 μ(5) is the μ value at 150 rpm; therefore, the μ(5) / μ(50) ratio can be a good indicator of relatively low-speed friction behavior against shudder, and the μ(50) / μ(150) ratio can be a good indicator of relatively high-speed friction behavior against shudder. The shudder resistance endurance (ASD) lifetime in this modified plan is measured (and similarly, usually in hours) when either the μ(5) / μ(50) ratio or the μ(50) / μ(150) ratio reaches the failure threshold (e.g., about 1.05) for any combination of temperature and applied pressure (or more precisely, at the point between a successful measurement and a failed measurement in least-squares curve fitting where the threshold is reached). The ASD lifetime values ​​provided in the following examples are determined based on the μ(5), μ(50), and μ(150) values ​​measured during the sweep-slide slope procedure according to the modified / adapted conditions (see Table 4).

[0124] Fresh lubricant sample A, Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 In these embodiments, a fully formulated fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A) is factory-filled into the vehicle's continuously variable transmission (CVT) and has been driven (or simulated to have been driven for an equivalent amount of time) for at least 25,000 kilometers (e.g., approximately 25,000 kilometers, approximately 50,000 kilometers, or approximately 85,000 kilometers). A fully formulated fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A), when first filled, contains the following components of the additive package (suspension stability), the remainder of the composition mainly comprises a group III lubricant base stock, optionally in small amounts (up to 10% by mass) of group IV lubricant base stock and optionally in small amounts (up to 10% by mass) of viscosity modifiers: anti-wear additives, ashless dispersants, overbasic calcium detergents, at least two friction modifiers (at least one of which is an anti-shutder durability (ASD) friction modifier), corrosion inhibitors, at least two additional antioxidants (other than those listed) and diluents (e.g., lubricant base stock of appropriate viscosity). The components of the fully blended fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A) were sufficient, upon initial filling, to obtain a phosphorus content of 200–500 parts per million (ppm) based on the mass of the fully blended fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A) (i.e., measured according to ASTM D5185); a calcium content of 170–480 parts per million (ppm) based on the mass of the fully blended fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A) (i.e., measured according to ASTM D5185); a boron content of 60–200 parts per million (ppm) based on the mass of the fully blended fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A) (i.e., measured according to ASTM D5185); and a phosphorus-to-calcium mass ratio of 0.85:1.0–1.3:1.0.

[0125] After use, the phosphorus, calcium, and boron content decreased to varying levels depending on the degree and severity of use, but this decrease may or may not be uniform with respect to each other (for example, the same elemental ratio may or may not apply to a used lubricant composition). After being used (or simulated) for the required mileage, various booster additive package compositions were added to the used lubricant composition in the vehicle transmission. The content of these booster additive package compositions is shown in Table 5 below, compared to the content of similar components in a fully formulated fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A). [Table 5]

[0126] The paper-to-steel friction properties of these samples were measured using Dynax® D0535-23H fiberboard and SAE® 1035 tumbled steel sheet with a small-scale low-speed sliding friction test apparatus (ssLVFA). Dynamic and static friction measurements were performed in these apparatuses under an applied pressure of approximately 1 MPa and at temperatures of approximately 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C for approximately 6, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively. Figures 1-7 show graphs of the dynamic friction properties for newly formulated (additive-containing) lubricating oil compositions (Figure 1), as well as various recycled lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 1 (Figure 2), 2 (Figure 3), 3 (Figure 4), and 4 (Figure 5), and Examples 1 (Figure 6) and 2 (Figure 7). Figures 8-14 show graphs of static friction characteristics corresponding to Figures 1-7 for newly formulated (additive-containing) lubricating oil compositions (Figure 8), as well as for regenerated lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 1 (Figure 9), 2 (Figure 10), 3 (Figure 11), and 4 (Figure 12), and Examples 1 (Figure 13) and 2 (Figure 14). While graphs of dynamic Mu-V curves and static friction coefficients are not provided herein for the regenerated lubricating oil compositions prepared from used lubricating oil compositions and booster additive package compositions of Examples 3 and 4, their characteristics are considered to be similar to and consistent with those of Example 2 (Figures 7 and 14). This Mu-V screening process highlighted that, when combined with used, fully formulated lubricating oil compositions, the booster additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 1-4 did not exhibit sufficiently "regenerated" dynamic friction characteristics compared to the fresh form of the fully formulated lubricating oil composition, whereas the booster additive package compositions of Examples 1-2 did.

[0127] Furthermore, Figure 15 shows that the recycled used lubricant composition containing the booster additive package composition of Example 1 (substantially free of further phosphorus-containing anti-wear components and substantially free of further cleaning components) exhibited metal-to-metal (e.g., steel-to-steel) friction characteristics that should be sufficiently high (e.g., a friction coefficient of at least 0.110, optionally 0.140 or less, under LFW-1 standard test conditions with a sliding speed of about 0.125 m / s, a temperature of about 110°C, and an additional load of about 1.1 kN (about 250 lb)). However, it showed metal-to-metal friction characteristics that were too low for a CVT transmission. The LFW-1 standard test conditions are well known to those skilled in the art, and similar test conditions are disclosed in JASO M358 (2005) standard test method. Under these conditions / tests, the regenerated used lubricant composition containing the booster additive package composition of Example 1 showed a μ of less than 0.100, while the regenerated used lubricant composition containing the booster additive package composition of Example 2, as well as the used lubricant composition itself (without the booster package) and a fresh (fully blended) lubricant composition, showed μ values ​​of approximately 0.122, approximately 0.120, and approximately 0.122, respectively. Therefore, the booster additive package composition of Example 1 may be useful for extending ASD life in transmission / drivetrain mechanisms with little metal-to-metal friction (e.g., non-CVT drivetrains such as wet clutch, dual clutch, manual, and automatic), while its low metal-to-metal friction coefficient may make it relatively undesirable in CVT applications.

[0128] Fresh lubricant samples A-B, used lubricant samples C-F, and Examples 3-12 In these examples, the booster additive package compositions of Examples 3 to 12 were combined ("diluted") with either a fully blended fresh lubricant composition (fresh lubricant sample A or B) or a lubricant composition that had been used by running in a vehicle's continuously variable transmission (CVT) for at least 25,000 kilometers (used lubricant samples C, D, E, or F) (used lubricant samples C, D, E, and F were collected from a medium-sized vehicle with a 4-cylinder transmission that had been driven for approximately 51,000 kilometers; a medium-sized vehicle with a 4-cylinder transmission that had been driven for approximately 25,000 kilometers; a dyno unit test in a 4-cylinder transmission that had been simulated for approximately 50,000 kilometers; and a small SUV vehicle with a V6 transmission that had been driven for approximately 85,000 kilometers). Before use (i.e., when filled at the factory into each of those vehicles), the “diluent” (fresh or used) lubricant composition contains the following components of the additive package (suspension stability), the remainder of the composition mainly consists of a Group III lubricant base stock, optionally a small amount of Group IV lubricant base stock and optionally a small amount of viscosity modifiers: anti-wear additives, ashless dispersants, overbasic calcium detergents, at least two friction modifiers (at least one of which is an anti-shutder durability (ASD) friction modifier), corrosion inhibitors, at least two further antioxidants (other than the listed components) and diluents (e.g., lubricant base stock of appropriate viscosity). Each component of the used lubricant composition (used lubricant samples C, D, E, or F) clearly showed different content of phosphorus, calcium, and boron (i.e., as measured in accordance with ASTM D5185, respectively) after their respective levels of use, depending on the degree and severity of use (e.g., level of degradation) and / or other causes that may reduce the elemental content levels in the used lubricant composition.Table 6 below shows the P, Ca, and B content of various used lubricant samples and the baseline levels of their shudder resistance endurance (ASD) life, measured in their used state without booster packages, under constant torque conditions, according to the modified JASO M349 test method, using Dynax® D0535-23H fiberboard as described above. For reference, the typical ASD life range for a fresh, fully formulated CVT lubricant composition (e.g., fresh lubricant sample A or B) may be about 65 to 80 hours, but in practice, although not listed in Table 6, the ASD lives (according to the constant torque method) of fresh lubricant sample A and fresh lubricant sample B were measured to be 65 hours and 75 hours, respectively. [Table 6]

[0129] After being used for the required mileage, the booster additive package compositions of Examples 3 to 12 were added to fresh or used lubricant compositions (fresh lubricant sample A or B, or used lubricant samples C, D, E, or F). The booster additive package compositions of Examples 3 to 14 are shown in Tables 7 and 8 below, compared to the content of similar components in their respective fresh and / or used lubricant compositions. [Table 7] [Table 8]

[0130] Table 9 below shows columns of experimental combinations for establishing ASD life and ASD life increase (both in time exceeding “diluent” ASD life and percentage increase) for any combination of the booster package relating to this disclosure and any fresh or used lubricant composition described herein. Furthermore, although graphs are not shown, each combination of booster package and lubricant sample (diluent) from Table 8 above was tested during ASD life measurement and found to have a μ(5) that was 40% or less lower (and optionally 10% or less higher) than the used lubricant sample and 30% or less lower (and optionally 10% or less higher) than the fresh lubricant sample. [Table 9]

[0131] To ensure that the regenerated lubricant composition meets a variety of different friction performance requirements in the transmission / drivetrain system, the dynamic friction characteristics of the regenerated lubricant composition may be favorably controlled to be superior to or equivalent to those of the "used" lubricant composition (e.g., within a reasonable range of variation) before the booster additive package is introduced, and perhaps, more ideally, returned to a fresh or near-fresh form of the fully formulated lubricant composition before use. These dynamic friction characteristics can be indicators of drivetrain performance under steady-state operating conditions, and generally, a negative slope in the dynamic Mu-V profile is desirable. However, static friction and / or relatively low-speed dynamic (near-static) friction levels may also be controlled to be superior to or equivalent to those of the "used" lubricant composition before the booster additive package is introduced, and perhaps, more ideally, returned to a fresh or near-fresh form of the fully formulated lubricant composition before use. These static friction and / or near-static friction characteristics may be indicators of the torque capacity of the clutch system (typically non-metallic, e.g., paper). If static friction / near-static friction is too high, significant wear can occur; if it is too low, the "stick" portion of the stick-slip friction that engages the clutch with other transmission / drivetrain components may be insufficient to transmit torque, resulting in poor performance. There is a close correlation between low-speed kinetic friction and static friction, as high static friction generally coincides with high low-speed kinetic friction and affects the slope of the Mu-V curve (ideally keeping it negative). Therefore, a particularly advantageous objective of lubricant composition regeneration is to control the kinetic friction behavior to produce a negative (or near-zero) slope while simultaneously controlling both low-speed kinetic and static friction to remain within the operating range.

[0132] All patents, papers, and other disclosures described herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Descriptions of compositions comprising, consisting of, or essentially comprising several specified components should be construed to also include compositions prepared by mixing such specified components, as set forth herein and in the appended claims. The principles, preferred embodiments, and embodiments of the present invention are described herein above. What the applicants submit is their invention, but should not be construed as being limited to any particular embodiment disclosed, since the disclosed embodiments are considered illustrative rather than restrictive. Modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A transmission fluid booster additive package composition, (a) A mixture, (i) Structure (I): 【Chemistry 1】 (wherein the group R １ , R ２ and R ３ independently, is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is interposed by a thioether bond), provided that in component (i), the group R １ , R ２ and R ３ At least some of these are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond). Two or more compounds of; and (ii) Structure (II): 【Chemistry 2】 (wherein the group R ４ and R ７ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R ５ and R ６ are each independently an alkyl bond having 2 to 12 carbon atoms) one or more compounds A mixture containing; (b) an ashless dispersant comprising at least 20% by mass of the transmission fluid booster additive package composition; (c) Overbasic calcium phenate detergents; (d) at least two friction modifiers, the first of which comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) corrosion inhibitors; and (f) Lubricant base stock of suspension stabilization amount Includes, A boron content of 0.04% to 0.75% by mass, based on the total mass of the additive package composition; A calcium content of 0.3% to 1.5% by mass based on the total mass of the additive package composition; and A phosphorus content of 0.3% to 1.5% by mass based on the total mass of the additive package composition. Show, It is intended to be used by adding to, or adding to, a used, fully formulated lubricating oil composition that contained, or contained, at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a detergent, a friction modifier, at least one further antioxidant, and a lubricating oil base stock, prior to use. Transmission fluid booster additive package composition.

2. The booster additive package composition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 1:

2.

3. The booster additive package composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ashless dispersant comprises polyisobutenyl succinimide.

4. The polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative has the following structure: 【Transformation 3】 (In the equation, x + y is between 8 and 15, and z is an integer between 0 and 1.) A booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, having the following characteristics.

5. The booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture or combination thereof.

6. The booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises benzotriazole.

7. A booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which does not contain any further antioxidants other than any compound from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as antioxidants.

8. The booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lubricating oil base stock comprises a group II base stock, a group III base stock, and / or a group V base stock, and is present in a suspension stabilization amount of 5.0% to 40% by mass based on the weight of the booster additive package composition.

9. One or more of the following conditions must be met: (1) A fully formulated lubricating oil composition comprising the booster additive package composition and a lubricating oil base stock that is the same as or different from the lubricating oil base stock in the booster additive package composition is formulated to exhibit a shudder resistance endurance (ASD) life under constant torque for at least 85 hours; (2) When the booster additive package composition is added to the used fully blended lubricant composition, it contributes to an ASD life of at least 40 more hours under constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully blended lubricant composition alone; and (3) The booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when added to the used fully blended lubricant composition, the booster additive package composition contributes to an increase of at least 60% in the ASD life under constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully blended lubricant composition alone.

10. A large quantity of fully formulated lubricating oil composition previously used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or an equivalent lubrication operating time, which previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a perbasic calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two further antioxidants and a lubricating oil base stock; A small amount of transmission fluid booster additive package composition that maintains suspension stability when added to the previously used compounded lubricant composition, the booster additive package composition may be one of those described in any of claims 1 to 9. (a) A mixture, (i) Structure (I): 【Chemistry 4】 (wherein the group R １ , R ２ and R ３ independently, is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is interposed by a thioether bond), provided that in component (i), the group R １ , R ２ and R ３ At least some of these are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (where the alkyl chain is mediated by a thioether bond). Two or more compounds of; and (ii) Structure (II): 【Transformation 5】 (wherein the group R ４ and R ７ Independently, is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R ５ and R ６ (These are alkyl bonds, which independently have 2 to 12 carbon atoms.) one or more compounds A mixture containing; (b) Ashless dispersant; (c) Overbasic calcium phenate detergents; (d) at least two friction modifiers, the first of which comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) corrosion inhibitors; and (f) Lubricant base stock of suspension stabilization amount A small amount of suspension-stable transmission fluid booster additive package composition containing A recycled used lubricant composition comprising a mixture of, Boron content of 30 to 400 parts per million by mass based on the total mass of the recycled used lubricant composition; A calcium content of 250 to 800 parts per million by mass based on the total mass of the recycled used lubricant composition; and A phosphorus content of 250 to 800 parts per million by mass based on the total mass of the recycled used lubricating oil composition. A recycled, used lubricant composition, as shown.

11. The recycled composition according to claim 10, wherein at least 20% by mass of the transmission fluid booster additive package composition is composed of the ashless dispersant.

12. The recycled composition according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are each present in the recycled used lubricating oil composition in an amount of 0.05 to 1.2% by mass, based on the total mass of the recycled used lubricating oil composition.

13. The recycled composition according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the recycled used lubricant composition in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 1:

2.

14. The recycled composition according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the ashless dispersant comprises polyisobutenyl succinimide and the corrosion inhibitor comprises benzotriazole.

15. The polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative has the following structure: 【Transformation 6】 (In the equation, x + y is between 8 and 15, and z is an integer between 0 and 1.) A recycled composition according to any one of claims 10 to 14, having the following characteristics.

16. The recycled composition according to any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture or combination thereof.

17. The recycled composition according to claims 10 to 16, wherein the transmission fluid booster additive package composition contains no further antioxidants other than any compound from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as antioxidants.

18. The recycled composition according to claims 10 to 17, wherein the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used, fully blended lubricating oil composition is 1:49 to 1:

5.

19. The recycled composition according to claims 10 to 18, wherein the lubricating oil base stock from the booster additive package composition comprises a group II base stock, a group III base stock, and / or a group V base stock, and the lubricating oil base stock from the fully formulated lubricating oil composition contained a group II base stock and / or a group III base stock before use.

20. One or more of the following conditions must be met: (1) It demonstrates a shudder resistance endurance (ASD) life under constant torque for at least 80 hours; (2) The regenerated used lubricant composition exhibits an additional 40 hours of shudder resistance (ASD) life under constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used, fully formulated lubricant composition alone; and (3) The recycled used lubricant composition contributes to an increase of at least 60% in ASD life under constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully blended lubricant composition alone. A recycled composition according to any one of claims 10 to 19.

21. (A) A coefficient of friction of at least 0.100 and 0.140 or less under LFW-1 standard test conditions with a sliding speed of 0.125 m / s, a temperature of 110°C, and an additional load of 1.1 kN (250 lb); (B) A coefficient of friction μ(5) of the regenerated used lubricant composition without the transmission fluid booster additive package composition that is 40% or less lower and 10% or less higher than the corresponding coefficient of friction μ(5) of the regenerated used lubricant composition (where μ(5) is measured according to the modified JASO M349 standard shudder endurance test conditions of constant torque); or (C) Both (A) and (B) A recycled composition according to any one of claims 10 to 20, which shows the following.

22. A method for regenerating a fully formulated lubricating oil composition previously used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or an equivalent lubrication operating time, A step of mixing a suspension-stable transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 with the used, fully formulated lubricant composition which previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a perbasic calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two further antioxidants and a lubricant base stock to form a regenerated used lubricant composition; A step of lubricating the vehicle transmission to enable operation for at least another 30,000 kilometers or an equivalent lubrication time. A method that includes this.

23. A method for regenerating a fully formulated lubricating oil composition previously used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or an equivalent lubrication operating time, A step of mixing a suspension stability transmission fluid booster additive package composition with the used, fully formulated lubricant composition which previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a perbasic calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two further antioxidants and a lubricant base stock, to form a regenerated used lubricant composition according to any one of claims 10 to 21; A step of lubricating the vehicle transmission to enable operation for at least another 30,000 kilometers or an equivalent lubrication time. A method that includes this.

24. Use of the suspension stability transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in combination with the used, fully formulated lubricating oil composition, for use to restore the lubricant properties of a vehicle transmission that were at least partially lost during previous operation.

25. Use of a regenerated used lubricant composition according to any one of claims 10 to 21 for restoring the lubricant properties of a vehicle transmission that were at least partially lost during previous operation.

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