Methods, devices, equipment, and media for monitoring concrete pouring.

Abstract

To provide a method for monitoring unloading during concrete pouring that reduces data incompleteness and improves the accuracy of monitoring and the timeliness of early warning.SOLUTION: A method includes extracting (S101) boundary lines of pouring units through a BIM model of a pouring area, collecting (S102) operation data of a cable crane, and identifying each working state from a start of a cable crane work to the present and working time corresponding to each working state according to the operation data, determining (S103) unloading position information of the cable crane including a pouring unit position each time the cable crane unloads according to each working state of the cable crane during a work process, and monitoring (S104) the unloading height of the cable crane, uniformity of unloading within an injection area, and a base layer covering time within the injection area based on the working time corresponding to each working state of the cable crane, the unloading position information, and the boundary lines of the pouring units.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

【Technical Field】 【0001】 The present invention relates to the field of concrete placement, and specifically to a method, device, equipment, and medium for monitoring the unloading in concrete placement. 【Background Art】 【0002】 The concrete dam of a hydroelectric power project is usually mass concrete that needs to be placed by a cable crane. The height of the unloading location of the cable crane, the uniformity of the unloading location, and the control of the concrete base layer covering time are important indicators for ensuring the quality of concrete placement. If the height of the unloading location is too high, the large aggregates will be crushed. Due to the uneven unloading site or too long maintenance distance, the aggregates will be overly concentrated in a specific part and distributed unevenly. If the covering time of the lower layer in a specific part exceeds the initial setting time of the concrete, it will lead to a decrease in the joint quality between the concrete lower layers and cause quality defects. Regarding the above unloading problems, in the commonly used technologies, each problem is monitored by a supervision engineer standing by and recording, but there are defects such as a large workload, incomplete and inaccurate data, and insufficient early warning. 【Summary of the Invention】 【Problems to be Solved by the Invention】 【0003】 In view of the above, the present invention provides a method, device, equipment, and medium for monitoring the unloading in concrete placement to solve the problem that manual monitoring of unloading in concrete placement is inaccurate and untimely. 【Means for Solving the Problems】 【0004】 In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring unloading in concrete placement, comprising the steps of: creating a BIM model of the placement area and extracting the boundaries of the placement units through the BIM model; collecting cable crane operation data and identifying each work state of the cable crane from the start of operation to the present and the work time corresponding to each work state, wherein the work states include waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning; determining cable crane unload position information, including the position of the placement unit each time the cable crane unloads, according to each work state of the cable crane during the work process; and monitoring the cable crane unload height, the uniformity of unloading within the injection area, and the subsoil coverage time within the injection area, based on the work time, unload position information, and boundaries of the placement units corresponding to each work state of the cable crane. 【0005】 The system collects cable crane operation data in real time and identifies each work state from the start of cable crane operation to the present, as well as the work time corresponding to each work state. By calculating positioning information for the alignment work state and the time intervals between different work states, the system determines the cable crane's unload position information. Subsequently, it calculates whether the cable crane's unload height is appropriate based on the height difference between the unload position information and the boundary line of the concrete pouring unit. The amount of material unloaded at each position within the injection area is determined based on the unload position information and the unloading work time, thereby determining whether the unload uniformity is appropriate. The system calculates the unload standing time at various positions within the injection area based on the time intervals between various work states and the unload position information, and determines whether the substrate coating time is appropriate. In this embodiment, the system automates monitoring by monitoring the cable crane's unload height, the uniformity of unloading within the injection area, and the substrate coating time within the injection area. 【0006】 In an optional embodiment, the step of identifying each work state and the corresponding work time of each work state from the start of operation of the cable crane to the present using operation data includes: identifying the loading and unloading work states and work times using bucket load information in the operation data; identifying the lifting and transporting, positioning, and return work states and work times using bucket load information, horizontal data, and elevation data in the operation data; and obtaining the material waiting work state and work time by subtracting the loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and return work times from each operation cycle of the cable crane. 【0007】 In this embodiment, according to the movement rules of the cable crane and the weight change rules of the bucket during the injection process, the operation data of the cable crane accurately identifies six work states—waiting for material, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning—and the corresponding work times. This improves the accuracy of determining the unload position in later steps, and also improves the accuracy of calculating the subsoil coating time by utilizing the work times obtained from the analysis. 【0008】 In an optional embodiment, the step of determining the unload position information of the cable crane according to each working state of the cable crane during the work process includes the step of reading positioning data from an RTK differential positioning module on the cable crane, and the step of extracting the horizontal and elevation coordinates of the cable crane during the alignment work time from the positioning data as unload position information. 【0009】 In this embodiment, after determining the approximate position of each unloading location of the cable crane based on the working conditions and working time, the RTK differential positioning module is used to obtain the precise horizontal and elevation coordinates of the unloading location, further improving the accuracy of positioning the unloading location. 【0010】 In an optional embodiment, the step of monitoring the unload height of a cable crane based on the working time, unload position information, and boundary lines of the concrete-casting units corresponding to each working state of the cable crane includes the steps of: determining the corresponding concrete-casting unit for each unload based on the horizontal coordinates for each unload; determining the elevation coordinates of the corresponding concrete-casting unit for each unload based on the boundary lines of the concrete-casting units; obtaining the unload height for each unload by subtracting the elevation coordinates of the concrete-casting unit from the elevation coordinates of the cable crane for each unload; and providing an early warning for unload heights that exceed a preset height threshold. 【0011】 In this embodiment, after determining the elevation coordinates of the cable crane for each unload by the steps described above, the elevation coordinates of the concrete pouring unit are subtracted from the elevation coordinates of the cable crane to calculate a more accurate unload height. Furthermore, each time an unload is performed, an early warning is issued if the unload height exceeds a preset height threshold, thereby improving the timely detection of problems such as excessively high unload heights. 【0012】 In an optional embodiment, the step of monitoring the uniformity of unloading within the injection area based on the working time, unloading location information, and boundary lines of the pouring unit corresponding to each working state of the cable crane includes the steps of: determining the amount of unloading according to the unloading work time at each unloading location; drawing a gradient grayscale circle at each unloading location based on the horizontal coordinates and amount of unloading at each unloading location, with the unloading location as the center and transparency increasing from the center to the circumference; generating a uniform heat distribution map by superimposing the density of the gradient grayscale circles at each unloading location within the pouring area consisting of the boundary lines of the pouring unit; positioning non-uniform locations in the uniform heat distribution map where the grayscale density exceeds a preset density; calculating a first area ratio between the non-uniform locations and the uniform heat distribution map; and issuing an early warning if the first area ratio is greater than a first preset proportional threshold. 【0013】 In this embodiment, a method is proposed to quantify the uniformity of the concrete placement area using gradient grayscale circles. Here, at each unloading position, the grayscale transparency increases from the center to the circumference, indicating that there is more aggregate in the center and less aggregate at the boundaries. Then, all the gradient grayscale circles in the concrete placement area are superimposed to output a uniformity heat distribution map. By making the grayscale of the overlapping area of ​​the grayscale circles the overlap of the densities of multiple grayscale circles, the amount of aggregate at various locations in the concrete placement area is accurately reflected by the grayscale. Finally, locations where the grayscale density in the uniformity heat distribution map exceeds a preset density are determined as non-uniform locations, and early warnings are given based on the first area ratio between the non-uniform location and the uniformity heat distribution map, thereby significantly improving the timeliness of detecting the problem of unloading non-uniformity. 【0014】 In an optional embodiment, the steps of monitoring the subsoil coverage time within the injection area based on the working time, unload location information, and boundary lines of the pouring unit corresponding to each working state of the cable crane include: creating a color mapping table of time differences and colors; calculating the time difference between the end time and the current time for each unload from the working time of material waiting, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and return in each operating cycle of the cable crane for each unload location; extracting the corresponding color from the color mapping table based on the time difference for each unload location; and according to the color for each unload location, The process includes the steps of: drawing colored covering circles sequentially at each unloading location according to the unloading time, with the unloading location as the center; generating a subsoil covering time thermal distribution map by covering the casting area, which consists of the boundary lines of the casting unit, with the colored covering circles for each unloading location; positioning aging locations having a target color in the subsoil covering time thermal distribution map, wherein the target color is a color greater than a preset time difference in the color mapping table; calculating a second area ratio between the aging location and the subsoil covering time thermal distribution map; and issuing an early warning if the second area ratio exceeds a second preset proportional threshold. 【0015】 In this embodiment, a method is proposed to quantify the uniformity of the concrete placement area using colored circles, where different colors correspond to different unload time differences. For each unload location, corresponding colored circles are drawn sequentially according to the unload time order, based on the time difference from the previous unload time to the current time. Then, all colored circles within the concrete placement area are superimposed and input into the substrate layer covering time thermal distribution map. Only the color with the shortest time difference is displayed in the overlapping area of ​​the colored circles, thereby reflecting the time from the unload time to the current time at various locations in the concrete placement area. Finally, aging locations with a time difference greater than a preset value are identified by the color in the substrate layer covering time thermal distribution map, and early warnings are issued based on the second area ratio between the aging location and the substrate layer covering time thermal distribution map. This solves the problem of detecting the issue of excessively long aggregate resting time in a timely manner. 【0016】 In an optional embodiment, the steps of identifying the working state and working time for lifting and transporting, alignment, and return based on bucket load information, horizontal data, and elevation data in the operation data include: detecting a first duration in which the elevation decreases and the horizontal distance changes positively, determining the working state corresponding to the first duration as lifting and transporting, and determining the first duration as the working time for lifting and transporting; detecting a second duration in which the elevation increases and the horizontal distance changes negatively, determining the working state corresponding to the second duration as return, and determining the second duration as the working time for return; detecting a third duration in which the load does not change, the horizontal distance does not change, and the elevation changes within a preset range, determining the working state corresponding to the third duration as alignment, and determining the third duration as the working time for alignment. 【0017】 In this embodiment, we propose a specific identification method for three working states—lifting and transporting, alignment, and return—and their corresponding working times, according to the rules for the movement of the cable crane and the rules for the weight change of the bucket during the injection process. This improves the accuracy of identifying the lifting and transporting, alignment, and return states. 【0018】 In a second aspect, the present invention provides a concrete placement unloading monitoring device, comprising: an area extraction module that creates a BIM model of the placement area and extracts the boundaries of placement units through the BIM model; a process identification module that collects cable crane operation data and identifies each work state from the start of cable crane operation to the present and the work time corresponding to each work state based on the operation data; an unload positioning module that determines cable crane unload position information, including the unload position for each cable crane, according to each work state of the cable crane during the work process; and a monitoring module that monitors the cable crane unload height, the uniformity of unloading within the injection area, and the subsoil coverage time within the injection area based on the work time, unload position information, and boundaries of placement units corresponding to each work state of the cable crane. 【0019】 In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicated with each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the method for monitoring unloading in concrete pouring described in any one of the first aspects or corresponding embodiments described above. 【0020】 In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer instructions are stored, causing a computer to execute the method for monitoring unloading in concrete pouring described in any one of the first aspects or corresponding embodiments described above. [Brief explanation of the drawing] 【0021】 To more clearly describe specific embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction of drawings necessary for describing specific embodiments or the prior art. It is clear that the drawings in the following description represent some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these without expending any creative effort. [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the steps for a method of monitoring unloading during concrete placement according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of determining the unload height from a BIM model and horizontal coordinates according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow of a method for monitoring unloading during concrete placement according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a uniform heat distribution map according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is another schematic diagram illustrating a method for monitoring unloading during concrete placement according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a thermal distribution map of the underlying layer covering time in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a structural schematic diagram of an unloading monitoring device in concrete placement according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a hardware configuration schematic diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 【Embodiments for Carrying out the Invention】 【0022】 In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, hereinafter, with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. However, it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. 【0023】 An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring unloading in concrete placement, which achieves the effect of realizing the automation of monitoring the placement unloading by analyzing the operation data of a cable crane. 【0024】 According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a method for monitoring unloading in concrete placement is provided. Note that the steps shown in the flowchart of the drawings may be executed in a computer system such as computer-executable instructions. Although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order from here. 【0025】 In this embodiment, a method for monitoring unloading in concrete placement that can be used in a computer device is provided. As shown in FIG. 1, this process includes steps S101 to S104. 【0026】 Step S101: Create a BIM model of the placement area and extract the boundary line of the placement unit through the BIM model. 【0027】 Specifically, in this embodiment, based on the spatial positional relationship, geographic coordinate information, and geometric dimension information of the concrete high dam structure of the hydroelectric power project, control coordinate information of the concrete high dam structure is extracted in the modeling software Revit, boundary information of the placement unit is submitted by the program, and the placement area for the placement work is determined by the boundary lines of the placement unit. 【0028】 Step S102: Collect cable crane operation data and use the operation data to identify each work state from the start of cable crane operation to the present, and the work time corresponding to each work state. Work states include waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning. 【0029】 Specifically, a cable crane has six operating states under the operator's control: waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning. Of these, waiting for materials refers to the state of having loading; loading refers to the state where the bucket is loading at the main tower position; lifting and transporting refers to the state where the cable crane transports the bucket along the cable between the main tower and the auxiliary tower from the main tower to the auxiliary tower; positioning refers to the state where, once the cable crane reaches the unloading position, the bucket is operated to align with the unloading position; unloading refers to the state during the unloading process; and returning refers to the state where, after unloading is complete, the cable crane transports the bucket along the cable between the main tower and the auxiliary tower from the auxiliary tower to the main tower. To automate the monitoring of the cable crane and accurately identify the various operating states and their corresponding operating times in the absence of a supervisor, embodiments of the present invention propose a data-driven identification method based on cable crane operation data that automates the monitoring of various unloading issues. First, real-time operational data of the cable crane is collected once per second from the cable crane's industrial control system. This operational data includes at least the main tower position, secondary tower position, cable crane trolley speed, trolley direction of movement, hook density, and load information. Next, based on the difference in weight before and after loading by the bucket, the difference in direction of movement and speed during lifting, transporting, and returning of the cable crane trolley, and the range of vertical change of the hook during alignment, the six working states—material waiting, loading, lifting and transporting, alignment, unloading, and return—and their corresponding working times are accurately identified, providing a basis for monitoring subsequent issues related to unload height, uniformity, and aggregate coating time. 【0030】 In some possible embodiments, step S102 above includes the following steps a1 to a3. 【0031】 Step a1: Identify the loading and unloading work status and work time based on the bucket load information in the operation data. 【0032】 Step a2: The bucket load information, horizontal data, and elevation data in the motion data are used to identify the working conditions and time for lifting, transporting, positioning, and returning. 【0033】 Step a3: Subtract the loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and return work times from each operating cycle of the cable crane to obtain the work status and work time for waiting for materials. 【0034】 Specifically, in actual applications, the loading and unloading times for the bucket are usually fixed. In this embodiment, to further ensure accuracy in identifying the two work states of loading and unloading, considering that the bucket weight changes during both loading and unloading, the bucket load information is used to determine the time from when the bucket weight starts to increase until the increase stops, and the time from when the bucket weight starts to decrease until the decrease stops, thereby correcting the loading and unloading work times. This allows for accurate identification of the loading and unloading work states and times in the absence of a supervisor, thereby not only achieving automated monitoring but also avoiding the problem of insufficient monitoring due to errors caused by the operator's actions, compared to manual monitoring. Furthermore, considering that the load, direction of movement, and speed of movement are all different for the lifting, positioning, and return work states, the bucket load information, horizontal data, and elevation data in the motion data are used to analyze the changes in the bucket's direction of movement and weight, thereby automatically identifying the lifting, positioning, and return work states and times. Finally, by subtracting all the working times corresponding to the work states identified in steps a1 and a2 from one operating cycle of the cable crane, the work state and working time for waiting for materials can be determined. According to the identification flow in this step, a data-driven work state identification method is realized when there is no supervisor. 【0035】 Specifically, in some possible embodiments, step a2 above includes steps b1 to b3. 【0036】 Step b1: Detect the first duration during which the altitude decreases and the horizontal distance changes positively. Determine the work state corresponding to the first duration as lifting and transporting, and determine the first duration as the work time for lifting and transporting. 【0037】 Step b2: Detect the second duration during which the altitude increases and the horizontal distance changes negatively. Determine the work state corresponding to the second duration as a return, and determine the second duration as the return work time. 【0038】 Step b3: Detect a third duration in which the load does not change, the horizontal distance does not change, and the elevation changes within a predetermined range. Determine the work state corresponding to the third duration as alignment, and determine the third duration as the alignment work time. 【0039】 Specifically, in a certain application scenario, the main tower is positioned higher than the secondary tower, and the cable between the main and secondary towers tends to sag. In an embodiment of the present invention, elevation and horizontal data of the cable crane detect a sustained state in which the trolley elevation decreases and the horizontal distance changes positively. Since this state represents the movement of the trolley from the main tower to the secondary tower, this sustained state is defined as the lifting and transporting work state, and the first duration in which this sustained state persists is defined as the lifting and transporting work time. Similarly, a sustained state in which the trolley elevation increases and the horizontal distance changes negatively is detected. Since this state represents the movement of the trolley from the secondary tower to the main tower, this sustained state is defined as the return work state, and the second duration in which this sustained state persists is defined as the return work time. Furthermore, the identification of the two states, lifting and transporting and return, may be further supported based on load changes. Also, when the operator aligns the cable crane, the bucket stops moving, and due to the action of inertia, the elevation of the cable crane trolley decreases slightly. According to this principle, in embodiments of the present invention, a state in which the width of the drop is within a preset width, the load does not change, and the horizontal distance does not change is identified as the alignment state, and the duration of the third period is determined as the alignment work time. Thus, by the above steps, the movement rules of the cable crane trolley are projected onto bucket load information, horizontal data, and elevation data, enabling the automatic detection of the three work states of lifting and transporting, returning, and alignment, improving detection efficiency and accuracy, and providing conditions for monitoring unloading issues. 【0040】 Step S103: Determine the unload position information of the cable crane, including the position of the concrete pouring unit each time the cable crane unloads, according to the working state of the cable crane during the work process. 【0041】 Specifically, step S102 identifies each work state for each operating cycle of the cable crane, and from the trolley's movement speed, the lifting and transport work time, and the alignment work time, the time of the trolley's alignment state and the actual distance the cable crane's trolley moves from the main tower along the cable during the alignment state can be calculated. By combining the movement distance and the spatial geometric relationship between the main tower and the auxiliary tower, the position of the concrete pouring unit each time the cable crane unloads can be calculated. 【0042】 In some possible embodiments, step S103 above includes steps c1 and c2. 【0043】 Step c1: Read the positioning data from the RTK differential positioning module on the cable crane. 【0044】 Step c2: Extract the cable crane from the positioning data using the horizontal and elevation coordinates obtained during the alignment work time as unload position information. 【0045】 Specifically, because the heights of the main tower and the secondary tower are usually different, there is often a certain error in the position of each alignment state calculated from the distance traveled along the cable via the cable crane trolley and the geometric relationship between the main tower and the secondary tower. In this embodiment, an RTK differential positioning module is further attached to the cable crane, thereby obtaining accurate hook coordinate information. Using the data provided in step S102, the RTK differential positioning module acquires high-precision coordinates corresponding to unloading based on the approximate position of the obtained alignment state, where the horizontal coordinates have an accuracy of 1-2 cm and the elevation coordinates have an accuracy of 2-3 cm, thereby further improving the accuracy of the unloading position information. 【0046】 Step S104: Based on the working time, unload position information, and boundary lines of the pouring unit corresponding to each working state of the cable crane, monitor the unload height of the cable crane, the uniformity of unloading within the injection area, and the subsoil coverage time within the injection area. 【0047】 Specifically, in the cable crane monitoring process, after obtaining the placement unit position each time the cable crane unloads in step S103, a one-to-one correspondence is established between each injection unit and each unload position according to the boundary line of the placement unit generated in step S101. This allows the unload height for each unload to be determined from the distance between the unload position and the placement unit, thus enabling real-time monitoring of the unload height. Based on this, if the unload height is too high, in the embodiment of the present invention, an early warning is given for an unload height that does not meet the height requirements, allowing the cable crane operator to promptly detect problems related to the unload height and adjust the unload height. Furthermore, by combining the working time of the unloading state based on the unload position information obtained in step S103, the amount of unloaded material for each unload position can be estimated, thereby estimating the uniformity of the aggregate throughout the placement area and realizing the automation of monitoring the uniformity of unloading. In the embodiments of the present invention, an early warning is given if unloading becomes excessive at a positioning location, the unevenness of the unloading is detected in a timely manner, and the cable crane operator is prompted to adjust the unloading amount at the positioning location. Similarly, after obtaining unloading location information in step S103, it is determined whether the resting time of the aggregate is too long for each unloading location by combining it with the time interval from the previous unloading to the current time. For this reason, it is essential to identify the work time corresponding to each work state in step S102. The resting time of the aggregate at each unloading location up to the current time is estimated from the work time corresponding to each work state within the unloading cycle, thereby marking locations where the subfloor covering time is too long, automating the monitoring of subfloor covering time, and also providing an early warning if the subfloor covering time is too long. Furthermore, the problem of excessively long subfloor covering time is detected in a timely manner, and the cable crane operator is prompted to adjust the unloading amount at specific locations. 【0048】 In some possible embodiments, step S104 above includes steps d1 to d4. 【0049】 Step d1: Based on the horizontal coordinates for each unload, determine the corresponding concrete casting unit for each unload. 【0050】 Step d2: Based on the boundary lines of the concrete pouring units, determine the elevation coordinates of the corresponding concrete pouring units for each unload. 【0051】 Step d3: Subtract the elevation coordinates of the concrete pouring unit from the elevation coordinates of the cable crane for each unload to obtain the unload height for each unload. 【0052】 Step d4: Issue an early warning for unload heights that exceed a preset height threshold. 【0053】 Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the precise horizontal coordinates determined in step c2 are used to position the system on the BIM model provided in step S101, determining the concrete casting unit corresponding to each unload location. Subsequently, the boundary lines of the identified concrete casting units are used to determine the elevation coordinate H0 of the concrete casting unit corresponding to each unload in the Revit software. Finally, the unload height H for each unload is output by subtracting the elevation coordinate H0 of the concrete casting unit from the elevation coordinate H1 of the cable crane for each unload. Even without manual measurement, there is no need to install many height sensors at the construction site. Virtual analysis is only required using the positioning coordinates when unloading the cable crane and the created BIM model, thereby achieving low-cost automation of unload height detection and ensuring detection accuracy. Furthermore, if the unload height exceeds a preset height threshold, an early warning is issued, enabling timely detection of problems such as excessively high unload heights. 【0054】 As shown in Figure 3, in some possible embodiments, step S104 described above further includes steps e1 to e5. 【0055】 Step e1: Determine the amount of cargo to be unloaded based on the unloading time at each unloading location. 【0056】 Step e2: Based on the horizontal coordinates and unloading amount of each unloading location, draw a gradient grayscale circle at each unloading location, with the unloading location as the center and the transparency increasing from the center to the circumference. 【0057】 Step e3: A uniform heat distribution map is generated by superimposing the density of gradient grayscale circles at each unloading position within the casting area, which is defined by the boundary lines of the casting units. 【0058】 Step e4: Position non-uniform locations in the uniform heat distribution map where the grayscale density exceeds a predetermined density, and calculate the first area ratio between the non-uniform locations and the uniform heat distribution map. 【0059】 Step e5: If the first area ratio is greater than the first preset proportional threshold, issue an early warning. 【0060】 Specifically, this embodiment proposes a means of quantifying the uniformity of the concrete placement area using a gradient grayscale circle. The uniformity of the concrete placement area is monitored by virtualizing a uniformity heat distribution map using real-time detected cable crane operation data. As shown in Figure 4, an appropriate radius (e.g., 3m) is set, calculated from the actual coverable area, and a gradient grayscale circle is created using black from the center to the circumference, with transparency ranging from semi-transparent to completely transparent, centered on the unloading location (Figure 4 is a schematic diagram that does not show the gradient effect; in reality, each circle has a gradient effect where the grayscale becomes shallower from the center to the circumference). At each unloading location, an increase in grayscale transparency from the center to the circumference indicates that there is more aggregate in the center and less aggregate at the boundaries, which is consistent with the characteristics of gel-like material placement. The grayscale value of the grayscale circle is related to the unloading amount. Generally, the unloading time is fixed, but to account for errors due to manual operation by the driver, in this embodiment, the unloading amount is determined by the unloading time, making the drawn gradient grayscale circle more accurate. Subsequently, all gradient grayscale circles within the pouring area are superimposed to output a uniform heat distribution map, and this map is limited to the unit boundary line. Since the grayscale circles may overlap due to the possibility of overlapping pouring locations, in this embodiment, the density of multiple grayscale circles is superimposed for the grayscale in the overlapping area of ​​the grayscale circles. The more layers that are superimposed, the darker the grayscale becomes, and thereafter, the amount of aggregate at various locations in the pouring area is accurately represented by different grayscale values. Finally, locations in the uniform heat distribution map where the grayscale density exceeds a predetermined density are identified as non-uniform locations (for example, locations where the grayscale exceeds 75%). Early warnings are then issued based on the first area ratio between the non-uniform locations and the uniform heat distribution map. For example, if the area ratio of non-uniform locations exceeds 30%, the timeliness of detecting problems such as non-uniformity in unloading is improved.Furthermore, in order to facilitate observation and statistics, grayscale images may be converted to color images for analysis to enhance the display effect, and in this embodiment, there are no particular limitations on the color. 【0061】 As shown in Figure 5, in some possible embodiments, step S104 above further includes steps f1 to f8. 【0062】 Step f1: Create a color mapping table between time zones and colors. 【0063】 Step f2: For each unloading location, calculate the time difference between the end time of each unload and the current time, based on the work time for waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning during each operating cycle of the cable crane. 【0064】 Step f3: Extract the corresponding color from the color mapping table based on the time difference at each unload location. 【0065】 Step f4: Depending on the color of each unload position, color-covered circles are sequentially drawn at each unload position according to the unload time, with the unload location as the center. 【0066】 Step f5: Generate a thermal distribution map of the substrate layer coverage time by covering the pouring area, which is defined by the boundary lines of the pouring units, with colored covered circles for each unloading position. 【0067】 Step f6: Position the aging locations with the target color in the subsoil cover time thermal distribution map. The target color is a color with a time difference greater than the preset time difference in the color mapping table. 【0068】 Step f7: Calculate the second area ratio between the aging location and the underlying layer coverage time thermal distribution map. 【0069】 Step f8: If the second area ratio exceeds the second preset proportional threshold, issue an early warning. 【0070】 Specifically, this embodiment proposes a means for quantifying the subsoil coverage time of the concrete placement area using colored circles. The subsoil coverage time of the concrete placement area is monitored by virtualizing and generating a thermal distribution map of the subsoil coverage time using real-time detected cable crane operation data. First, a mapping table between time differences and colors is created. The time difference represents the length of time from the end time of the previous unload at each unload location to the current time. Different time differences correspond to different colors, and the colors may be of different densities or different types of colors. For example, different densities of colors refer to dark red and light red, and different types of colors refer to red and green. Next, for each unload location, the time difference between the end time of each unload and the current time is calculated from the work time for waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning in each operation cycle of the cable crane. Subsequently, based on the time difference for each unload location, the corresponding color is extracted from the color mapping table. According to the color for each unload location, and according to the unload time, color-covered circles are sequentially drawn at each unload location with a specified radius, using the unload location as the center. As shown in Figure 6, different shades of grayscale represent the subsoil coverage time thermal distribution map, using different subsoil coverage times as examples. Note that in areas where unloads overlap, the color-covered circles drawn later cover the circles drawn earlier, preventing the colors of the two circles from overlapping or merging, and the generated subsoil coverage time thermal distribution map is limited to within the unit boundary. By marking the aging locations with the target color in the subsoil coverage time thermal distribution map, the detection of subsoil coverage time is automated. Here, the target color represents a color in the color mapping table that exceeds a preset time difference, and is a color with a long coverage time (for example, red with a coverage time of 3 hours), and the aging location represents a location with a long subsoil coverage time. Finally, the second area ratio between the aging location and the thermal distribution map of the underlying layer coverage time is calculated. If the second area ratio exceeds a second preset proportional threshold, an early warning is issued. For example, if the area ratio of the aging location exceeds 30%, the timeliness of detecting the problem of excessively long aggregate standing time is significantly improved. 【0071】 In this embodiment, a monitoring device for unloading concrete during concrete placement is further provided, which is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments, and will not be described in detail. As used below, the term "module" may refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. The devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, but hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceivable. 【0072】 As shown in Figure 7, this embodiment provides a monitoring device for unloading during concrete placement, which includes a region extraction module 701, a process identification module 702, an unload positioning module 703, and a monitoring module 704. 【0073】 The area extraction module 701 creates a BIM model of the concrete pouring area and extracts the boundaries of the concrete pouring units through the BIM model. For detailed information, please refer to the relevant explanation in step S101 in the above-mentioned method embodiment, but will not be explained in detail here. 【0074】 The process identification module 702 collects operational data of the cable crane and identifies each operational state from the start of the cable crane's operation to the present, as well as the corresponding operational time. The operational states include waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning. For detailed information, please refer to the relevant description of step S102 in the above-described embodiment of the method, but will not be explained in detail here. 【0075】 The unload positioning module 703 determines the unload position information of the cable crane, including the position each time the cable crane unloads, according to each working state of the cable crane during the work process. For detailed information, please refer to the relevant description of step S103 in the above embodiment of the method, but will not be explained in detail here. 【0076】 The monitoring module 704 monitors the unloading height of the cable crane, the uniformity of unloading within the injection area, and the substrate coverage time within the injection area, based on the working time, unloading position information, and boundary lines of the pouring unit corresponding to each working state of the cable crane. For detailed information, please refer to the relevant description of step S104 in the above embodiment of the method, but will not be explained in detail here. 【0077】 In this embodiment, the monitoring device for unloading concrete during concrete placement is shown in the form of a functional unit, where the unit refers to an ASIC circuit, a processor and memory that executes one or more software or fixed programs, and / or a device that can provide the above-mentioned functions. 【0078】 Further descriptions of the functions of each module and unit described above are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above and will not be explained in detail here. 【0079】 Another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device having a monitoring device for unloading during concrete pouring, as shown in Figure 7 above. 【0080】 Referring to Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device according to a possible embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, the computer device includes one or more processors 10, memory 20, and interfaces for connecting each component, including a high-speed interface and a low-speed interface. Each component is connected to communicate with each other using different buses and can be implemented on a common motherboard or in other ways as needed. The processors can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in or on memory for displaying GUI graphic information on an external input / output device (e.g., a display device coupled to the interface). In some possible embodiments, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories and multiple memory, as needed. Similarly, multiple computer devices are connected, and each device provides a portion of the required operation (e.g., as an array of servers, a set of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system). Figure 8 shows one processor 10 as an example. 【0081】 The processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. The processor 10 may further include hardware chips. The hardware chips may be application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic devices, or a combination thereof. The programmable logic devices may be complex programmable logic devices, field-programmable logic gate arrays, general-purpose array logic, or any combination thereof. 【0082】 Of these, the memory 20 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 10, and causes at least one processor 10 to execute the method shown in the above embodiment. 【0083】 Memory 20 includes a program storage area and a data storage area, the program storage area can store the operating system and application programs required for at least one function, and the data storage area may store data created by the use of computer equipment in response to the display of an applet landing page, etc. Furthermore, memory 20 includes high-speed random access memory and may include non-temporary memory such as at least one magnetic disk memory device, flash memory device, or other non-temporary solid-state memory device. In some possible embodiments, memory 20 may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to computer equipment via a network. The network includes, but is not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof. 【0084】 Memory 20 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory. Memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disks, or solid-state drives. Memory 20 may include a combination of the above types of memory. 【0085】 This computer device further includes a communication interface 30 for the computer device to communicate with other devices or a communication network. 【0086】 Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, and the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in hardware or firmware, or can be realized as computer code that is recordable on a storage medium, or originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-temporary machine-readable storage medium downloaded over a network, and stored on a local storage medium, thereby the methods described herein may be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only storage memory, a random-access storage memory, a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid-state drive, etc. Furthermore, the storage medium may further include combinations of the above types of memory. A computer, processor, microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes a storage component that can store or receive software or computer code, and it is understood that when the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, it realizes the methods shown in the embodiments above. 【0087】 While embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, all such modifications and variations being within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

[Claim 1] A method for monitoring unloading during concrete placement, The steps include creating a BIM model of the concrete pouring area and extracting the boundaries of the concrete pouring units through the BIM model, A step of collecting cable crane operation data and identifying each work state and the corresponding work time for each work state from the start of the cable crane's operation to the present, wherein the work states include waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning. The steps include determining the unload position information of the cable crane, including the position of the concrete pouring unit each time the cable crane unloads, according to the working state of the cable crane during the work process, Based on the working time corresponding to each working state of the cable crane, the unloading position information, and the boundary line of the concrete pouring unit, Based on the difference between the elevation of the cable crane and the elevation of the concrete pouring unit at the aforementioned unloading position, the unloading height is calculated. The first area ratio of non-uniform locations within the injection area is calculated. The second area ratio of aging locations within the injection area is calculated, The steps include monitoring unloading by comparing the unload height, the first area ratio, and the second area ratio with preset thresholds and issuing an early warning, A method for monitoring unloading during concrete placement, characterized by including the following: [Claim 2] The step of identifying each work state and the work time corresponding to each state from the start of operation of the cable crane to the present using the aforementioned operation data is: The steps include identifying the loading and unloading work status and work time based on the bucket load information in the aforementioned operation data, The steps include identifying the working conditions and working time for lifting, transporting, positioning, and returning based on bucket load information, horizontal data, and elevation data in the aforementioned operation data, The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of obtaining a waiting state for materials and working time by subtracting the working time for loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning from each operating cycle of the cable crane. [Claim 3] The step of determining the unload position information of the cable crane according to each working state of the cable crane during the aforementioned work process is: Steps include reading positioning data from an RTK differential positioning module in a cable crane, The method according to the present invention, comprising the step of extracting the horizontal coordinates and elevation coordinates of the cable crane during the alignment work time from the positioning data as the unload position information. [Claim 4] The step of monitoring the unload height of the cable crane based on the working time corresponding to each working state of the cable crane, the unload position information, and the boundary line of the concrete pouring unit is as follows: The steps include determining the corresponding concrete casting unit for each unload based on the horizontal coordinates for each unload, The steps include determining the elevation coordinates of the corresponding concrete-casting unit for each unload based on the boundary lines of the concrete-casting units, The first step is to subtract the elevation coordinates of the concrete pouring unit from the elevation coordinates of the cable crane for each unload to obtain the unload height for each unload, The method according to claim 3, further comprising the step of providing an early warning for an unload height that exceeds a preset height threshold. [Claim 5] The step of monitoring the uniformity of unloading within the injection area based on the working time corresponding to each working state of the cable crane, the unloading position information, and the boundary lines of the pouring unit is as follows: The steps include determining the amount of cargo to be unloaded according to the unloading time at each unloading location, Based on the horizontal coordinates and unloading amount of each unloading location, a gradient grayscale circle is drawn at each unloading location, with the unloading location as the center and the transparency increasing from the center to the circumference. The steps include generating a uniform heat distribution map by superimposing the density of gradient grayscale circles at each unload position within the casting area, which is formed by the boundary line of the casting unit, The steps include: positioning non-uniform locations in the uniform heat distribution map where the grayscale density exceeds a predetermined density; A step of calculating a first area ratio between the non-uniform location and the uniform heat distribution map, The method according to the previous invention, comprising the step of providing an early warning if the first area ratio is greater than a first preset proportional threshold. [Claim 6] The step of monitoring the subsoil coverage time within the injection area based on the working time corresponding to each working state of the cable crane, the unload position information, and the boundary line of the pouring unit is as follows: Steps to create a color mapping table between time zones and colors, For each unloading location, the time difference between the completion time for each unload and the current time is calculated from the working time for waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning during each operating cycle of the cable crane. The steps include: extracting the corresponding color from the color mapping table based on the time difference at each unload position; Depending on the color of each unload location, and according to the unload time, a color-coated circle is sequentially drawn at each unload location with the unload location as the center. The steps include generating a thermal distribution map of the underlying layer coverage time by covering the casting area, which is formed by the boundary line of the casting unit, with colored covered circles for each unloading position, A step of determining the aging location having a target color in the aforementioned underlayer covering time thermal distribution map, wherein the target color is a color that is greater than a preset time difference in the color mapping table, A step of calculating the second area ratio between the aging location and the thermal distribution map of the underlying layer coverage time, The method according to the previous invention, comprising the step of providing an early warning if the second area ratio exceeds a second preset proportional threshold. [Claim 7] The step of identifying the working state and working time for lifting, transporting, positioning, and returning based on bucket load information, horizontal data, and elevation data in the aforementioned operation data is as follows: The steps include: detecting a first duration during which the altitude decreases and the horizontal distance changes positively; determining the work state corresponding to the first duration as lifting and transporting; and determining the first duration as the work time for lifting and transporting. The steps include: detecting a second duration during which the altitude increases and the horizontal distance changes negatively; determining the work state corresponding to the second duration as a return; and determining the second duration as the return work time. The method according to the 2. The method comprising the steps of detecting a third duration in which the load does not change, the horizontal distance does not change, and the elevation changes within a predetermined range, determining the working state corresponding to the third duration as alignment, and determining the third duration as the working time for alignment. [Claim 8] A monitoring device for unloading concrete during concrete placement, A region extraction module that creates a BIM model of the concrete pouring area and extracts the boundaries of the concrete pouring units through the BIM model, A process identification module that collects operational data of a cable crane and identifies each operational state and the corresponding operational time of each operational state from the start of the cable crane's operation to the present based on the operational data, wherein the operational states include waiting for materials, loading, lifting and transporting, positioning, unloading, and returning. A positioning module that determines the unloading position information of the cable crane, including the position information each time the cable crane unloads, according to the working state of the cable crane during the work process, Based on the working time corresponding to each working state of the cable crane, the unloading position information, and the boundary line of the concrete pouring unit, Based on the difference between the elevation of the cable crane and the elevation of the concrete pouring unit at the aforementioned unloading position, the unloading height is calculated. The first area ratio of non-uniform locations within the injection area is calculated. The second area ratio of aging locations within the injection area is calculated, A device for monitoring unloading in concrete pouring, characterized by including a monitoring module that monitors unloading by comparing the unloading height, the first area ratio, and the second area ratio with preset thresholds and issuing an early warning. [Claim 9] Computer equipment, A computer device comprising memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are connected to each other in a manner that allows them to communicate with each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the monitoring method described in any one of claims 1 to 7 by executing the computer instructions. [Claim 10] A computer-readable storage medium characterized by storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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