ESS / UPS Combined System that supports wide C-rate coverage

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide a power grid assistance system characterized by comprising: at least one battery assembly equipped with at least one vanadium-based battery and used to assist a power grid by supplying power under specific circumstances; a control unit operatively connected to the battery assembly and providing control for charging and discharging of the vanadium-based battery; and a boost circuit for normal operation of the control unit at a minimum voltage to counteract adverse effects of over-discharge cells when charging / discharging at a high C-rate, wherein the vanadium-based battery can use a high charge / discharge rate (C-rate).

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an integrated system combining an energy storage device (ESS) and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and more specifically, to an ESS / UPS integrated system in which safety is improved by selectively switching between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid. Background Technology

[0002] An Energy Storage System (ESS) is a device that stores electricity in batteries or the like and then supplies power to the grid. An energy storage system can perform charging and discharging.

[0003] With the recent expansion of electric vehicle (EV) usage, EV chargers are being installed in various spaces. However, the use of EV chargers increases grid electricity consumption and can affect other electricity usage within those spaces. In particular, there is a problem where the use of EV chargers is restricted when electricity consumption surges.

[0004] Accordingly, there is a need for a method to stably perform charging in the space where the charger is installed and to provide a system for this purpose. The problem to be solved

[0005] The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide an electric vehicle charging system in which an energy storage device assists the power usage of a charger to stabilize the power supply of the grid and is driven by linking with ESS power.

[0006] Another problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide an ESS / UPS integrated system that combines an energy storage device (ESS) and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), which selectively switches between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid, thereby providing an ESS / UPS integrated system with improved safety.

[0007] The problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned herein will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. means of solving the problem

[0008] According to embodiments of the present invention, a power grid assistance system is provided comprising: at least one battery assembly equipped with a plurality of secondary batteries and used to assist a power grid by supplying power in specific situations; and a control unit operatively connected to the battery assembly and providing control for the charging and discharging of the secondary batteries, wherein a vanadium-based battery having a wider charge-discharge rate (C-rate: C) range than a lithium-based battery is applied as the secondary battery.

[0009] According to embodiments of the present invention, an ESS / UPS integrated system is provided, comprising: an ESS unit having the configuration and function of an energy storage device (ESS); a UPS unit having the configuration and function of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) device; and a control unit operatively connected to the ESS unit and the UPS unit to provide control, wherein the control unit selectively switches between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid, thereby providing improved safety compared to a conventional ESS system without the control unit.

[0010] According to embodiments of the present invention, an ESS / UPS integrated system comprises at least one battery assembly equipped with a plurality of secondary batteries and used to assist a power grid by supplying power under specific conditions; and a control unit operatively connected to the battery assembly and providing control for charging and discharging the secondary batteries, wherein the control unit freely switches between an energy storage device (ESS) function and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) function, thereby providing improved safety compared to a conventional ESS system without the control unit. Effects of the invention

[0011] When implementing embodiments of the present invention, an energy storage device can assist the power usage of the charger to stabilize the power supply of the grid, and accordingly, the charger can provide a stable electric vehicle charging service.

[0012] When implementing embodiments of the present invention, in an ESS / UPS integrated system composed of a control unit that provides control for charging and discharging, the control unit can freely switch between the energy storage device (ESS) function and the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) function, thereby providing improved safety compared to a conventional ESS system without the control unit.

[0013] The effects provided by the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned herein will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0014] FIGS. 1a and 1b are drawings showing the configuration of power supply with a power grid, an energy storage device, and other electrical devices related to embodiments of the present invention, and the corresponding output over time at points A, B, and C. FIGS. 2a, 2b, and 2c are drawings showing a charger output, an ESS output, and an ESS charge state (SoC) according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an ESS auxiliary mode in switching control between an ESS and a UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4a is a conceptual diagram illustrating UPS mode 1 in switching control between ESS and UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4b is a conceptual diagram illustrating UPS mode 2 in switching control between ESS and UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4c is a conceptual diagram illustrating UPS mode 3 in switching control between ESS and UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration in which an energy storage device is placed within a space and the configuration of power supply with other electrical devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a charger according to one embodiment of the present invention receives power from an energy storage device and a power distribution device. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of an energy storage device according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the process of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention controlling an energy storage device according to the amount of power in the grid. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement and operation of an energy storage device and a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement and operation of an energy storage device and a charger according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the process of an energy storage device operating in response to an increased power usage situation within a grid according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a drawing showing the configuration of an energy storage device according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a drawing showing the configuration of a charger according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating, as an example of applying some or all of the features of the present invention to an ESS security management system, an exemplary range of operational status management when the monitoring level is configured from Level 1 to Level 4. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary system for supplying power from the grid to the ESS and the power consumption area, controlling power supply to the power consumption area and including information on the consumable power obtained from the PMS of the ESS, and managing the charging and discharging of the ESS. FIG. 16 exemplarily illustrates various cell deviations for the cells of the internal battery of the ESS, wherein the charging and discharging of the ESS is performed at a high C-rate for a specific load. <1> , <2> and <3> This is a conceptual diagram showing the case of. FIG. 17 conceptually illustrates an example in which a boost circuit is applied in the present invention. Figure 18 is a conceptual diagram conceptually showing an example of a rapid voltage drop occurring at high output of the battery. FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram conceptually showing the operation of a boost circuit when the power consumption of an environment in which an ESS is installed according to the present invention is 0.5 C-rate or higher. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0015] The advantages and features of the invention presented in this specification, and the methods for achieving them, will become clear by referring to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed in this specification but may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided merely to ensure that the disclosure of the invention is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention, and the invention is defined only by the scope of the claims. Throughout this specification, the same reference numerals may refer to the same components.

[0016] In addition, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known components or functions could obscure the essence of the invention, such detailed description may be omitted.

[0017] In addition, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc., may be used when describing the components of the present invention. These terms are intended only to distinguish the components from other components, and the nature, order, sequence, or number of the components are not limited by these terms. Where it is stated that a component is "connected," "combined," or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that the component may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but that other components may be "interposed" between each component, or that each component may be "connected," "combined," or "connected" through other components.

[0018] Hereinafter, this specification examines a technology for controlling the charging or discharging of an energy storage device installed in a space, such as a building, house, subway, or public place, according to the electrical usage conditions of other electrical devices within the space. Furthermore, it examines a technology for the energy storage device to control a charger according to the aforementioned electrical usage conditions. Additionally, it examines a technology for the energy storage device to supply power to other electrical devices when the power usage load of other electrical devices within the space increases.

[0019] Generally, an Energy Storage System (ESS) consists of a battery, a Battery Management System (BMS), a Power Conversion System (PCS), and an Energy Management System (EMS). A battery contains one or more cells; multiple cells form a module, and multiple modules can form a rack. An Energy Storage System (ESS) configured in this way can be connected to a power grid, electric grid, or power grid to receive power.

[0020] Energy storage systems (ESS) can be used for charging electric vehicles (EVs). Here, the batteries applied to the ESS and the batteries applied inside the EV each have a state of charge (SoC), and the background explanation is as follows.

[0021] First, one must understand the battery charge / discharge rate (C-Rate). The charge rate and / or discharge rate of a battery can be controlled by the charge / discharge rate (C-Rate). The charge / discharge rate (C-Rate) refers to a measurement of the current used for charging and / or discharging a battery. For example, the statement that a specific battery discharges at a 1 C-Rate or 1 C means that a battery with a capacity of 10 Ah (i.e., the amount of electricity when a current of 10 A flows for one hour) can discharge 10 A for one hour from a fully charged state. In this way, the charge rate of a battery can also be expressed as a C-Rate.

[0022] By measuring a battery being charged at a specific C-Rate, the corresponding State of Charge (SoC) can be verified. When charging an Electric Vehicle (EV) using an Energy Storage System (ESS), various controls for charging can be performed by checking the SoC of the ESS internal battery and the EV internal battery.

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention to be described below relate to system control required when charging an electric vehicle (EV) using an integrated system that applies an EV charger to an energy storage system (ESS). The inventors have devised and present technically improved features compared to the configuration and control of conventional or existing energy storage system (ESS). The features of the present invention may also be described as an electric vehicle charging system driven by the connection of ESS power.

[0024] The features of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the examples.

[0025] FIG. 1a is a diagram showing the configuration of power supply between a power grid (110), an energy storage device (140), and other electric devices (120, 130, 150, 160, 170) in a power supply system (100) related to embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Generally, the power supply system (100) has a main distribution board (120) that receives power, i.e., alternating current (AC), from the power grid (110), and the power is distributed to a power conversion system (PCS), a power bank, or similar power conversion equipment (130). Meanwhile, the main distribution board (120) can also be connected to loads (170) other than the ESS to supply power.

[0027] The power conversion equipment (130) is operatively connected to an energy storage device (140), such as a VIB ESS, and can transmit or receive power by providing necessary control. Additionally, the power conversion equipment (130) is connected to a charger (150), and the charger (150) can be connected to an electric vehicle (EV) (160) or other objects requiring charging. The electric vehicle (EV) (160) can selectively receive at least one of the power provided from the power grid (110) and the power provided from the energy storage device (140) under the control of the power conversion equipment (130).

[0028] Here, at least one of the main distribution board (120), power conversion equipment (130), energy storage device (140), charger (150), electric vehicle (EV) (160) and ESS external load (170) may be installed in a designated place, for example, inside or next to a specific building.

[0029] It is desirable that such a power supply system (100) be installed and controlled to supply grid power to a specific building and additionally to perform electric vehicle charging. Accordingly, the outputs for the parts labeled A, B, and C in FIG. 1a will be described in more detail in FIG. 1b.

[0030] FIG. 1b is a conceptual diagram for explaining the outputs for parts labeled A, B, and C of FIG. 1a described above.

[0031] Figures 1a and 1b correspond to a technology that combines an ESS and a charger, assists with the ESS to prevent exceeding the contracted power of the grid, and charges the ESS after the charging is finished.

[0032] The graph of Output A represents the charger output over time, and the charging of the electric vehicle is carried out by receiving power from the grid and the ESS. It can be seen that the maximum output appears at the start and initial stage of electric vehicle charging, the charger output decreases as time passes, and reaches the lowest level as the electric vehicle nears termination. The contracted power related to the grid is indicated as an example at the daily level and will be explained in more detail below.

[0033] The graph of Output B shows the grid output over time. It can be seen that the maximum output appears at the start and initial stages of electric vehicle charging, the charger's output decreases as time passes, and reaches the lowest level as the electric vehicle's shutdown approaches.

[0034] The graph of output C represents the ESS output over time, showing that the maximum output appears at the start and initial stages of electric vehicle charging, and as time passes, the output of the charger decreases and reaches the lowest level as the electric vehicle termination approaches. Here, the maximum output of the ESS is the value obtained by subtracting the aforementioned grid contract power from the maximum output of the charger.

[0035] Next, the relationship between the charger's output, the ESS's output, and the state-of-charge (SoC) is explained in more detail.

[0036] FIG. 2a is a conceptual diagram of the relationship between the output of a charger and the output and state of charge (SoC) of an ESS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Following the description of Figures 1a and 1b above, this illustrates a case where, when starting the charging of the first EV (electric vehicle), the output of the charger exceeding the contracted power of the grid is required, so the EV is first charged using the output of the ESS. As time progresses, the output of the charger decreases due to the continuous discharge of the ESS, and in the section below the contracted power of the grid, charging is continued using the grid power until the charging of the first EV is finished. Afterwards, if the charging of the second EV is to be performed immediately, it cannot be used immediately due to the discharge of the ESS. That is, as can be seen by measuring the SoC of the ESS, the SoC reaches a state of almost 0% at the time the charging of the first EV is finished.

[0038] When EV charging begins with the ESS fully charged, the ESS assists in charging at maximum output. However, if the ESS capacity is similar to the amount of power required to assist the EV, it may be difficult to assist subsequent EVs after charging the first one. While increasing the ESS capacity can resolve this, it raises overall costs and reduces profitability. Alternatively, the ESS can be recharged, but this reduces the number of EVs that can be charged due to waiting times during recharging, leading to decreased profitability.

[0039] Meanwhile, it is known that there is a region where the contracted power of the grid is wasted during the latter part of the first EV charging. Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention recognized the problem regarding this wasted region and conducted research and development on a technical solution to improve it.

[0040] FIG. 2b is a conceptual diagram of the relationship between the output of a charger and the output and state of charge (SoC) of an ESS according to additional embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] To explain the background, lithium batteries (LIBs) currently used for electric vehicle charging are capable of high-speed charging at low SoCs due to their electrochemical characteristics; however, once the SoC exceeds a certain level, the charging speed is reduced for safety reasons. Even when using an ultra-fast charger, ultra-fast charging occurs only during the initial phase, and after a certain point, it switches to a low-speed charging mode, leaving something to be desired regarding the EV charging process. In other words, it is desirable for an ESS that supports the power grid to supply optimal power tailored to the amount of power required by electric vehicles, and it can be seen that a VIB with a wide C-rate coverage is the battery optimized for ESS.

[0042] Accordingly, the inventors have developed a charging system in which charging and discharging of the ESS occur simultaneously during electric vehicle charging. That is, during the electric vehicle fast charging section, the ESS discharges to assist the power of the power grid, and subsequently, when entering the electric vehicle low charging section, the ESS charges according to the state of the power grid. As a result, it can be said that the difference between the SoC of the ESS at the start of electric vehicle charging and the SoC of the ESS after the end of electric vehicle charging is below a certain level.

[0043] In addition, the inventors found that a VIB ESS capable of handling both low and high outputs is suitable because the change in charging / discharging output varies significantly depending on the state of the power grid.

[0044] The inventors propose using the VIB ESS for the area where the contracted power of the grid shown in the aforementioned FIG. 2a is wasted.

[0045] Here, charging can be performed on at least one battery, at least one cell, at least one module, and / or at least one rack in the VIB ESS.

[0046] First, when electric vehicle charging occurs continuously, if the charger output drops below a specific reference value, for example, the contracted power (of the power grid), the remaining surplus output can be used for ESS charging. When the necessary control is performed, the SoC of the ESS does not change until the first EV charging is finished and the second EV charging occurs. In other words, the inventors have devised a charging system in which grid power is supplied to a specific building to ensure that EV users can always use a charger in optimal condition, and in which both charging and discharging of the ESS are performed during the electric vehicle charging process so that additional electric vehicle charging can also take place.

[0047] In this case, since a full charge and discharge cycle occurs for each EV, a long-life VIB is advantageous for the ESS. Charging operators may be able to maintain maximum charging speed even when using an ESS with a capacity of about half that of an EV.

[0048] FIG. 2c is a conceptual diagram of another relationship between the output of a charger and the output and state of charge (SoC) of an ESS according to additional embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] In cases where electric vehicle charging is interrupted midway, some EV users may stop charging and operate when the charging speed drops below a certain level. Therefore, there may also be a need to secure some charging time for the ESS or to reduce the maximum output to a certain level while securing charging time for the ESS.

[0050] This is indicated as a short latency region in Fig. 2c, and the relationship between the corresponding charger output, ESS output, and ESS SoC is shown.

[0051] If electric vehicle charging is terminated before reaching the threshold value for switching from ESS discharge to charging, control is performed to resume ultra-fast charging after securing a certain amount of charging time for the ESS.

[0052] Alternatively, if electric vehicle charging ends before reaching the threshold value for switching from ESS discharge to charging and ultra-fast charging proceeds immediately, control is performed to lower the electric vehicle ultra-fast charging power. For example, this control may be executed when it is difficult to discharge the ESS.

[0053] Further embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4a, 4b, and 4c.

[0054] A battery management system or battery control system involves efficiency for the battery itself and efficiency for the power converter. Battery efficiency refers to the efficiency of the output relative to the input of the battery. More specifically, it refers to the efficiency of the discharge capacity relative to the charge capacity. Regarding the efficiency of the power converter, for AC / DC converters, efficiency is considered to be superior as the output power increases, while for DC / AC inverters, efficiency is superior as the DC voltage increases.

[0055] Here, in the operation of the AC / DC converter, switching control is performed, and power control is possible according to the switching speed. At low power output, the switching speed is low, and at high power output, the switching speed is high. Therefore, to control the efficiency of the power converter, power above a certain level must be used.

[0056] However, conventional power converters have efficiency issues and suffer from excessive power loss and waste. In particular, power loss increases further during low-power output, and the inventors of the present invention recognized a specific problem in that the loss rate is excessive due to the operation of conventional battery management systems that do not consider power efficiency, such as output limitations based on battery status (or performance). Based on this recognition of the problem, the inventors conceived a technology that allows for the operation of the system by utilizing the optimal efficiency range of the power converter, while solving the conventional problems, by applying the vanadium ion battery (VIB) currently under research and development to the battery management system and operating the system with improved control and / or an improved method compared to existing ones.

[0057] Compared to lithium-ion batteries (LIB), vanadium-ion batteries (VIB) have superior output range, stability, and available charge / discharge rate (C-rate) range.

[0058] In the case of vanadium-ion batteries, experimental measurement results currently show that the efficiency is best between 0.2C and 1.0C. That is, compared to cases below 0.2C and above 1.0C, the efficiency in the 0.2C to 1.0C range is relatively better. This range is exemplary, and efficiency in a wider range between 0.2C and 10C can also be considered a feature of the present invention. Furthermore, the optimal efficiency range of vanadium-ion batteries may change depending on technological development. While such vanadium-ion batteries are capable of so-called high C-rate input and output, it may be considered desirable to operate them at optimal efficiency.

[0059] Conventional technology can be seen as performing charge / discharge control based on battery performance without considering power efficiency. On the other hand, the present invention performs special control over the process of charging and standing by a voltage above a certain level to achieve more efficient battery discharge. Furthermore, to achieve efficient battery charging, the inventors have developed a battery technology that charges at an optimal power amount according to the specifications of the power converter. More specifically, in some embodiments, efficiency can be maximized by charging a vanadium ion battery (VIB) at a value between 0.2C and 1.0C.

[0060] Embodiments of the present invention relate to an ESS system to which a VIB UPS utilizing wide C-rate coverage is applied.

[0061] Looking at battery characteristics, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) perform charging and discharging at a standard C-rate of 0.1–0.25 C when operated as an ESS; however, operating at a high C-rate makes continuous operation difficult due to heat generation and poses a high risk of fire. In the case of alkaline and lead batteries, the process proceeds at 0.05 C (= 20 hours of discharge) to avoid battery capacity degradation (performance reduction) caused by heat generation. On the other hand, vanadium-ion batteries (VIBs) can be charged and discharged at 0.5 C or higher in high-output mode when operated as an ESS. Here, when VIB is applied to and operated in an ESS, the reason why high output of 0.5C or higher is possible is due to the special electrochemical characteristics and structure of VIB, and the chemical, mechanical, and / or electrical characteristics are completely different from existing battery technologies such as lithium-ion batteries. The VIB characteristics of the present invention are the result of the inventors' research and development activities based on technical capabilities that surpass the level at which a person skilled in the art can easily modify or infer existing technology.

[0062] An Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) is a device that provides power support for a very short period during emergencies. For example, it is used when power supply from the grid or ESS is not smooth, such as in the event of a power outage or an abnormal state of an external power source.

[0063] UPS can provide power assistance at a much higher C-rate than ESS. In other words, VIB capable of high C-rate can be utilized in areas where it is advantageous, for example, when the amount of power assistance per unit of time is large even if the battery capacity is smaller than that of ESS (i.e., when the C-rate value is large compared to ESS).

[0064] Therefore, by integrating the UPS with the ESS, it can be considered possible to have a configuration combining an ESS (LiB) and a UPS (VIB), or a configuration combining an ESS (VIB) and a UPS (VIB). In particular, due to the wide C-rate coverage of the VIB, the same product can perform two roles, namely the functions of an ESS and a UPS. As a result, it is possible to provide stable output to the load at a high C-rate, enabling smooth power assistance functions.

[0065] For reference, according to the features of the present invention, due to the integrated configuration and operation of the ESS / UPS, the ESS and UPS are not implemented as independent and separate components, but can be viewed as a combined configuration of the ESS unit and the UPS unit. That is, an ESS unit equipped with ESS functions and performing corresponding control, and a UPS unit equipped with UPS functions and performing corresponding control, can be implemented together and interconnected.

[0066] In the integrated configuration and operation of such UPS and ESS, only basic power distribution can be performed without a separate voltage boosting procedure. However, in this case, the high dependence on external power increases the likelihood of equipment such as the BMS malfunctioning or becoming inoperable. Since the voltage supplied to the BMS drops at high output levels, voltage boosting is required to compensate for this. Therefore, if a high C-rate is utilized, a voltage boosting circuit can be included in an ESS with an added UPS. This can enhance the independence of the BMS without relying on external power.

[0067] FIG. 17 conceptually illustrates an example in which a boost circuit is applied in the present invention. FIG. 17 illustrates a cell monitoring system (1700) as a battery management system. In the cell monitoring system (1700), a plurality of batteries (1701) are conceptually shown, and a cell monitoring system (BMS: 1703) is connected thereto. Inside the cell monitoring system (1703), there is a boost circuit (1707) connected to the batteries (1701) and can be controlled by a control unit, for example, a cell monitoring integrated circuit (IC) (1705).

[0068] The vanadium-based battery of the present invention can use a higher charge-discharge rate (C-rate) compared to a lithium-based battery, and charging and / or discharging can be performed at a high C-rate. At this time, abnormal phenomena such as over-discharge may occur in specific cells among the batteries. To counteract the adverse effects of such over-discharged cells, it may be necessary for the control unit to operate normally at a minimum voltage. Accordingly, at least some embodiments of the present invention further provide a boost circuit to ensure that the minimum voltage required for the control unit or battery management unit is provided.

[0069] Figure 18 is a conceptual diagram conceptually showing an example of a rapid voltage drop occurring at high output of the battery.

[0070] A battery management system (BMS: e.g., module BMS (m.BMS), cell monitoring BMS (1801), etc.) connected to the vanadium-based batteries of the present invention may have an operating voltage of 10V to 40V, for example. When the battery is at high output, a sudden voltage drop may occur. In the case of a BMS operating on battery power, BMS operation instability may occur due to a battery voltage lower than the operating voltage when at high output.

[0071] Therefore, in the present invention, ON / OFF control of the boost circuit can be performed according to the situation. In addition, when connected to UPS Mode or a high-output system, constant ON control can be performed for the boost circuit.

[0072] FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram conceptually showing the operation of a boost circuit when the power consumption of an environment in which an ESS is installed according to the present invention is such that the ESS standard charge / discharge rate is 0.5 C-rate or higher.

[0073] A battery management system (1901) (BMS: e.g., module BMS, cell monitoring BMS, etc.) may include a step-up circuit, a boosting circuit, etc., and is connected to a switchgear (1903). The switchgear (1903) is connected to a power device (1905) such as a power conversion system (PCS), a power bank, a power converter, etc., and a load (1907) is also connected.

[0074] Regarding the aforementioned Figures 18 and 19, necessary measures may be taken after performing the corresponding voltage boost operation. For example, if the operation of the BMS can be temporarily performed by the voltage boost, the operation of the overall system or ESS may be shut down. Alternatively, charging operations for some cells may be performed to allow the power / power supply to the BMS to be quickly restored through rapid cell charging during the voltage boost state. In another case, if electric vehicle charging is in progress, the operation of the BMS may be sustained due to the voltage boost to respond to situations where the electric vehicle charging suddenly stops or is interrupted.

[0075] Here, the boost circuit can be controlled and operated in various ways. For example, the boost circuit can be implemented to operate at all times when the power consumption of the environment where the ESS is installed is 0.5 C-rate or higher. On the other hand, when the power consumption of the environment where the ESS is installed is 0.5 C-rate or lower, the boost circuit can be operated selectively.

[0076] When the module voltage is within approximately +10% of the module BMS driving voltage. The boost circuit can be turned ON when the module voltage is 10.5V and the M.BMS driving voltage is 10V, and the boost circuit can be turned OFF when the module voltage is 11.5V and the module BMS driving voltage is 10V.

[0077] As another example, if n cells among the cells constituting the module drop below 1.2V (n is variable depending on the module specifications), and if a module consists of 20 cells, the boost circuit can be turned ON if 10 or more cells drop below 1.2V. As another example, the boost circuit can be turned OFF if fewer than 10 cells drop below 1.2V. The boost circuit can also be turned ON if the remaining battery life and / or current state of health (SOH) of the module is determined to be poor.

[0078] Referring again to Figure 1a described earlier, a UPS control unit may additionally be present in the PCS and / or power bank.

[0079] The inventors of the present invention recognized the following problem. In the structure of such an ESS, if the load outside the ESS increases rapidly or the power situation of the external grid becomes unstable, ultra-fast charging may become unstable. In this case, it is necessary to stop ultra-fast charging or stop charging itself until the external situation stabilizes. However, due to reasons such as the operation of the electric vehicle (EV) charger, communication time with the charger, and response time, a time difference of several milliseconds (ms) to several seconds occurs until charging is stopped. If this is controlled as is, the entire system becomes unstable, raising concerns that malfunctions or blackouts may occur. In other words, the UPS mode of the VIB ESS needs to withstand the time from several milliseconds to several seconds until the charger is switched over.

[0080] Based on the recognition of these problems, the inventors conceived the following embodiments and provided a solution.

[0081] In the first embodiment, the following procedure may be performed:

[0082] VIB operating near 1C Occurrence of external abnormal situation External power assistance with high-speed discharge of 5~10C Return to original state after switching off the charger, etc.

[0083] There are several technical differences between conventional LIBs and VIBs. LIBs cannot arbitrarily change their C-rate, and sudden changes in C-rate pose a risk. Additionally, since the fire risk increases as the state of charge (SoC) of LIBs decreases, emergency (high-output) modes cannot be used below a certain SoC level. On the other hand, VIBs offer the technical advantage of covering emergency situations with wide C-rate coverage, and additionally, they can deliver instantaneous loads for a few seconds even at low SoC levels without the risk of fire.

[0084] In the second embodiment, the following procedure may be performed:

[0085] Operate some VIBs exclusively for UPS Occurrence of external abnormal situation Maintain the system by discharging the standby UPS at ultra-high speed.

[0086] With VIB's wide C-rate coverage, ESS and UPS can be operated simultaneously within a single system.

[0087] Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c.

[0088] FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an ESS auxiliary mode in switching control between an ESS and a UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention.

[0089] This is illustrated for background understanding to show that the charging and discharging states differ in a structure that applies a vanadium ion battery (VIB) to an energy storage system (ESS) and integrates an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) device and / or function (i.e., VIB ESS + UPS).

[0090] Here, the ESS / UPS integrated structure of the present invention is not simply a configuration in which a conventional UPS is physically added to an existing ESS. First, it utilizes a vanadium ion battery (VIB) with electrochemical characteristics that are completely different from those of a conventional lithium ion battery. Accordingly, the ESS / UPS integrated structure applying the VIB requires special control and operation.

[0091] Meanwhile, the VIB ESS / UPS integrated system of the present invention differs technically from existing ESSs that utilize Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs). Generally, RFBs are known to be unsuitable for combination with UPSs. This is because the response speed of RFBs is too slow. In other words, UPSs are typically operated during emergencies such as power outages to prevent disruptions in power supply; therefore, power must be supplied instantaneously and rapidly so that the system can operate without the power being effectively cut off. However, the response speed of RFBs is measured in seconds, which is approximately 1,000 times slower than that of VIBs, which have a response speed of several milliseconds.

[0092] According to the features of the present invention, a system utilizing the wide C-rate coverage of VIB can be provided. With this integrated VIB ESS / UPS configuration, the ESS and UPS can be freely switched, contributing to the improvement of system safety.

[0093] Previously, ESS and UPS were configured independently, and in the operation method, a battery pack dedicated to the ESS and a battery pack dedicated to the UPS were used separately. On the other hand, according to the embodiments of the present invention, a structure and control method using a battery pack that allows for free switching between the ESS and the UPS are utilized.

[0094] That is, one of the features of the present invention is to use a vanadium ion battery (VIB) implemented to support a unique ESS / UPS conversion function without the need to separately and independently provide a battery dedicated to the ESS and a battery dedicated to the UPS. In particular, a special sensor network (or a monitoring means having a similar function and / or structure) may be implemented and utilized for necessary control.

[0095] Looking at the conceptually illustrated configuration, power is supplied from the grid to the load, and the power conversion system (PCS) provides control such as power conversion between the grid and the load. The PCS operates in conjunction with multiple switchgears to perform charging and discharging with specific ESS, batteries, battery packs, etc., within the ESS system.

[0096] When operating in ESS auxiliary mode, environmental variables are given or determined, for example, grid power is assumed to be 500kW, ESS capacity is 100kW per unit (instantaneous maximum output 500kW), and load requirement capacity is assumed to be 600kW to 700kW.

[0097] Under these conditions, when the operation method of the present invention is performed, control occurs to connect a specific number of ESS units according to the load requirement level. Here, unconnected ESS units can be made to standby in a pre-charge state.

[0098] As a result, the ESS can be operated only for the amount of power required by the grid, and the remaining ESS can be prepared for emergency situations. When the ESS is not in use, it is in pre-charge mode, so natural cell balancing between battery packs can be maintained.

[0099] Here, the pre-charge mode according to the present invention has another advantage. In the case of a LIB, it is desirable to disconnect the charge / discharge connection for a LIB in the ESS that is at 0V (volt), that is, in a completely discharged state, but this is not necessary for a VIB at 0V. In other words, by performing the pre-charge mode of the present invention to pre-charge a VIB at 0V, a situation can be created where it can be revived.

[0100] In a single ESS according to the present invention, a plurality of vanadium ion batteries (VIBs) may be mounted by combining them in the form of a cell, pack, module, etc. Necessary measurements and controls may be performed so that charging or discharging can be performed together or selectively for the VIBs. Similarly, multiple such ESSs may be connected and operated together or selectively through necessary measurements and controls.

[0101] Here, the pre-charge operation may be performed on some VIBs within a single ESS, on some EESs among multiple ESSs, or in combination thereof. Pre-charge may mean pre-charging the corresponding VIB and / or ESS. Here, the timing at which pre-charge is required, the controlled charging amount, and the charging time may be provided through various measurements and controls or customized according to the required power conditions, and exemplary cases are provided in the following description.

[0102] Referring again to FIG. 3, the necessary control in the ESS / UPS integrated system can be performed by the control unit. The control unit is conceptually represented as a single component and is presented as an example of being implemented inside the PCS. However, the control unit itself may be implemented as a separate component outside the PCS, or it may be implemented by being integrated into other components of the ESS. Furthermore, control functions may be divided and provided across multiple components rather than a single component. As an example, the functions required for control may be applied to a specific switchgear, or divided and applied to multiple switchgears.

[0103] Additionally, referring to FIG. 3, the required voltage boosting in the ESS / UPS integrated system can be performed by a voltage boosting circuit. The voltage boosting circuit is conceptually represented as a single component, and an example implemented inside the PCS is presented. However, the voltage boosting circuit itself may be implemented as a separate component outside the PCS, or it may be implemented by being integrated into other components of the ESS. Furthermore, voltage boosting functions may be divided and provided across multiple components rather than a single component. As an example, it may be applied to a specific switchgear, or the functions required for voltage boosting may be applied by dividing them among several switchgears.

[0104] The following describes the operation of the UPS mode in the switching control between the ESS and the UPS, as shown in Figure 4.

[0105] FIG. 4a is a conceptual diagram illustrating UPS mode 1 in switching control between ESS and UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention.

[0106] When operating in UPS mode 1, environmental variables are given or set, for example, the grid power is assumed to be in a blackout state, the ESS capacity is assumed to be 100kW per unit (instantaneous maximum output 500kW), and the load requirement capacity is assumed to be 600kW to 700kW.

[0107] In this case, that is, during a grid power disconnection, control is performed to connect the ESSs in standby mode to provide power assistance during the time it takes for the system to be restored. Power connections are cut off for the ESSs that were previously discharging until power is restored. Since connecting all ESSs that were previously discharging would reduce the power sent to the grid, this control method is used to send even a little more power from the ESS operating in UPS mode 1 to the grid.

[0108] As a result, system stabilization is possible until grid restoration through the instantaneous high-output assistance of the standby ESS.

[0109] FIG. 4b is a conceptual diagram illustrating UPS mode 2 in switching control between ESS and UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention.

[0110] When operating in UPS mode 2, environmental variables are given or determined, for example, the grid power is in a blackout state but recovery delay occurs, and the ESS capacity is assumed to be 100kW per unit (instantaneous maximum output 500kW) and the load requirement capacity is assumed to be 600kW to 700kW.

[0111] In this case, if the difference between the capacity of the ESS currently running at high output in UPS mode 2 and the capacity of the ESS that was previously discharged is within a threshold value, a pre-charge connection is performed.

[0112] As a result, system stabilization is possible until grid restoration through the instantaneous high-output assistance of the standby ESS.

[0113] FIG. 4c is a conceptual diagram illustrating UPS mode 3 in switching control between ESS and UPS according to at least one embodiment of the present invention.

[0114] When operating in UPS mode 2, environmental variables are given or determined, for example, when the grid power is in a blackout state but is determined to be unrecoverable, and the ESS capacity is assumed to be 100kW per unit (instantaneous maximum output 500kW) and the load requirement capacity is assumed to be 600kW to 700kW.

[0115] In this case, if grid power is not restored, all ESSs are used in the form of UPS to provide maximum power supply.

[0116] As a result, system uptime can be maximized in situations where grid power cannot be restored.

[0117] With reference to the aforementioned FIG. 3 and FIG. 4a to 4c, the ESS / UPS integrated system of the present invention can operate by switching between ESS mode and UPS mode, and the precharge connection of the ESSs will be further explained below. Here, the names ESS1 to ESS5 may refer to each ESS, or may refer to an individual battery, an individual cell, a module in which a plurality of batteries are bundled, etc.

[0118] The reason for pre-charging the ESS units that will be converted into UPS is to provide power by connecting as much ESS as is required for the grid load. At this time, the unconnected ESS units are pre-charged to suppress surges caused by voltage differences with the load and to supply power immediately in emergency situations.

[0119] Here, the reason for the pre-charge connection is that, when the system is divided into ESS and UPS modes, the capacity of the battery in ESS mode inevitably decreases due to the continuous power supply unless an emergency occurs. Relatively speaking, the voltage of the ESS units in UPS mode is higher.

[0120] Meanwhile, in the event of an emergency, the ESSs in ESS mode are disconnected, and the ESSs preparing for UPS mode are connected. Then, while operating in UPS mode, the voltage gradually matches that of the batteries used in the remaining ESS modes, and when the voltages of the ESS in UPS mode and the ESS in ESS mode become similar, a precharge is connected to match the voltages of all ESSs.

[0121] Let us assume that for the ESS1 to ESS5 of the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and FIGS. 4a to 4c described above, they are all initially in a 100% charged state, and that ESS1 to ESS3, which are in ESS mode, gradually discharge until they reach 70%, at which point a power outage occurs.

[0122] ESS1, ESS2, and ESS3 terminate discharge at 70%, and ESS4 and ESS5 operate in UPS mode at 100%, gradually discharging from 100%, and when, for example, at around 72-73%, perform ESS pre-charge operation for ESS1, ESS2, and ESS3.

[0123] Here, when connecting the battery and other loads, if the voltage levels do not match, a momentary overcurrent (e.g., inrush current) occurs, causing a problem.

[0124] Therefore, the reason for attaching a precharger is not to supply power directly, but to match the voltage levels of the battery and other loads.

[0125] Since the voltage of the UPS mode ESSs is high, if the ESSs in ESS mode are precharged, they may be charged due to the UPS mode ESSs. Conversely, initially, the UPS mode ESSs will be discharged little by little due to the precharge.

[0126] As understood from FIGS. 3 to 4c described above, the ESS / UPS operations of the present invention can be selectively switched. For example, control may be performed to periodically switch UPS modes 1 to 3. This decision may be determined based on how grid power conditions are detected, and switching of ESS / UPS operations is possible according to various power supply and demand conditions as well as power outage situations. For instance, pre-charging or charging operations may be performed on a portion of the ESS or internal battery during off-peak hours when grid power supply and demand are stable or cheaper.

[0127] In the contents and related descriptions of the aforementioned Figures 3, 4a, 4b, and 4c, the verification and comparative judgment of various power quantities may be performed using monitoring means, devices, sensors, measuring instruments, measuring instruments, power meters, etc., and wired communication or wireless communication equipment and technology such as Wi-Fi may be utilized for the transmission and reception of the power quantity information.

[0128] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration in which an energy storage device is placed within a space and the configuration of power supply with other electrical devices according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 illustrates an energy storage system (ESS) (100) and other devices. A grid corresponding to the power source (10) can supply power to a supportive power region (30) and a primary power region (40). The energy storage system (ESS) (100) can be placed in the supportive power region (30).

[0129] An energy storage device (ESS, 100) and one or more chargers (50a, ..., 50n) may be placed in the supportive power area (30). Multiple electrical devices (60a, ..., 60n) may be placed in the primary power area (40). Additionally, a separate ESS distinct from the energy storage device (100) placed in the supportive power area (30) may be placed in the primary power area (40). That is, a separate ESS distinct from the energy storage device (100) may also be placed as an electrical device (e.g., 60m) within the primary power area (40).

[0130] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, a power distribution device (20) can distribute power to a supportive power area (30) and a primary power area (40). An energy storage device (100) can charge or discharge according to the electricity demand or expected demand used in the two areas (30, 40). To this end, a power meter (210) may be connected to or placed inside the supportive power area (30). Additionally, a power meter (220) may be connected to or placed inside the primary power area (40).

[0131] The power meter (210, 220) is an example of a power meter (electricity meter) and measures the amount of power being used in the installed area. The power meter (210, 220) transmits the measured value (amount of power) to the energy storage device (100). In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a separate power meter may also be placed at the power source (10). In this case, the energy storage device (100) can check the amount of power consumed by the power source (10) in real time.

[0132] In this specification, energy storage devices include energy storage devices comprising vanadium ion batteries, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in this specification, energy storage devices include VRB (Vanadium Redox Battery), PSB (polysulfide bromide battery), ZBB (zinc-bromine battery), etc.

[0133] When applying the embodiment of FIG. 5, if the charger (50) charges an electric vehicle or another device requiring charging, it can perform charging according to the charging conditions required by the electric vehicle or other device. For example, if high current charging is requested, the charger (50) performs high current charging. Power from the power source (10) and the energy storage device (100) is provided to the charger (50) according to the control of the energy storage device (100). And if the charger (50) performs low current charging, the energy storage device (100) can enable the charger (50) to receive power from the power source (10) and charge according to the power supply situation of the power source (10) or the power usage situation of the primary power area (40).

[0134] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a charger according to one embodiment of the present invention receives power from an energy storage device (100) and a power distribution device (20).

[0135] The charger (50) can receive power from the power distribution device (20) (P1). This is an example of receiving power from the grid, i.e., the power source (10). And, the energy storage device (100) can supplement part or all of the power to be used by the charger (50) by comparing the information on the amount of power received from the power meter (211, 212, 220) with the maximum amount of power that can be provided from the power source (10).

[0136] The energy storage device (100) can supply power to the charger (50) (P2). The charger (50) can switch or merge the supplied power according to the control of the energy storage device (100). The charger (50) can supply power according to a charging request from an external device (P5).

[0137] The energy storage device (100) can receive power from the power distribution device (20) (P3). The energy storage device (100) can also supply power to the primary power area (40) (P4). The power supplied by the energy storage device (100) can be supplied to the primary power area (40) via the power distribution device (20). That is, the direction of power supply between the energy storage device (100) and the power distribution device (20) can be bidirectional.

[0138] The power supply (P4) of the energy storage device (100) can be determined by the power demand of the primary power area (40), the maximum amount of power that the power source (10) can supply, etc.

[0139] When the energy storage device (100) supports the high-speed charging and discharging functions of the charger (50), the energy storage device (100) can monitor the amount of power of the grid (10) and respond flexibly to the power situation of the grid (10). In particular, the energy storage device (100) can predict time periods when the power usage of the grid (10) is low by accumulating and storing information on the past power usage times of the grid (10). As a result, the energy storage device (100) can prepare for the case where the power usage of the grid (10) increases rapidly during the high-speed charging and discharging process of the charger (50).

[0140] In addition, the above process can be applied even when high-speed charging of the energy storage device (100) is required. That is, the energy storage device (100) can receive power from the grid (10) to perform high-speed charging of the energy storage device (100). In this process as well, the amount of power from the grid (10) as described above can be monitored to respond flexibly to the power situation of the grid (10).

[0141] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of an ESS according to an embodiment of the present invention. The energy storage device (100) includes an energy storage module (110) including a battery and a controller (150).

[0142] The energy storage device (100) includes a Pack BMS (120) that manages the charging and discharging of an energy storage module (110). Additionally, the energy storage device (100) may optionally include a Power Management System (PMS) (130) and a Power Conversion System (PCS) (140). If the energy storage device (100) includes both the PMS (130) and the PCS (140), it may be referred to as an integrated ESS.

[0143] The module BMS monitors the charge state, discharge state, temperature, voltage, current, etc. of the battery and manages the battery. The pack BMS (120) is a battery management system for the entire battery pack.

[0144] The controller (150) can determine whether to charge or discharge the energy storage module (110) using the power measurement results of the supportive power area and the power measurement results of the primary power area, or to discharge to one or more chargers placed in the supportive power area or to the primary power area. Additionally, according to one embodiment, the controller (150) can be integrated with the PMS (130) to operate as a single component.

[0145] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the process of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention controlling an ESS according to the amount of power in the grid.

[0146] The controller (150) can store the maximum power amount (Grid_Max) of the grid, i.e., the power source (10), that supplies power to the primary power area and the supporting power area (S301). The maximum power amount (Grid_Max) means the maximum power amount that can be used in the grid.

[0147] Subsequently, the power meter (220) measures the power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area (40) (S302). This is an example of measuring the power usage (load usage) that occurs in an area other than the supporting power area (30) where the energy storage device (100) is placed.

[0148] Additionally, according to another embodiment of the present invention, in step S302, the energy storage device (100) or the controller (150) can receive the total grid power consumption and the power usage of the primary power area.

[0149] Next, the controller (150) determines whether the charger (50) placed in the supportive power area (30) is in use (S303). If there are multiple chargers (50), the controller (150) can determine the usage of each. If the charger (50) is not in use, the controller (150) performs step S307. The controller (150) compares the power amount (S307), and if Grid_Max and Primary_Usage are compared and Grid_Max is greater than or equal to Primary_Usage, the controller (150) determines the ESS charging amount and proceeds with charging (S311).

[0150] Then, the controller (150) measures the State of Charge (SOC) of the ESS (S312) and terminates charging if the SOC is greater than or equal to the reference value. Meanwhile, the charging of the ESS can be controlled by measuring the SOC of the energy storage device (100) (S312) and repeating the process after S302 if the SOC is less than or equal to the reference value.

[0151] Meanwhile, in S307, if Grid_Max is less than Primary_Usage, the controller (150) determines the amount of discharge power of the energy storage device (100) and controls the energy storage device (100) so that the energy storage device (100) discharges into the primary power area (40) (S313). As a result, the excess grid power is supplemented by the discharge of the energy storage device (100).

[0152] When the charger is in use at S303, the controller (150) measures the charger's power requirement (Charging_Request) (S304). At this time, it is assumed that the SOC of the ESS is greater than or equal to a reference value. Then, the controller (150) compares the power amount (S305), comparing the sum of Charging_Request and Primary_Usage (Charging_Request+Primary_Usage) with Grid_Max.

[0153] When Grid_Max is less than (Primary_Usage+Charging_Request) as a result of comparison, the controller (150) determines the discharge power amount of the energy storage device (100) and controls the energy storage device (100) so that the energy storage device (100) discharges to the primary power area (40) (S313). As a result, the excess grid power is supplemented by the discharge of the energy storage device (100).

[0154] In addition, if Grid_Max is greater than (Primary_Usage+Charging_Request) as a result of comparison in S305, the controller (150) checks whether the difference (grid spare power amount, see Equation 1 below) is greater than or equal to the grid spare reference value (S306).

[0155] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0156] Grid spare power = Grid_Max - (Primary_Usage+Charging_Request)

[0157] When the surplus power of the grid is greater than or equal to the grid surplus reference value, the power is in a sufficient state, so the controller (150) determines the charging power of the energy storage device (100) and controls the energy storage device (100) to charge the energy storage device (100) (S314). This means that the energy storage device (100) charges with a grid power amount that has sufficient surplus.

[0158] On the other hand, if the grid's surplus power is less than the grid surplus reference value, it is highly likely that the grid's power will not be able to meet the power demand of the supporting power area (30) and the primary power area (40) in the future, so the controller (150) puts the energy storage device (100) into a discharge standby mode (S315).

[0159] In the steps of charging the ESS (S311, S314) in FIG. 8, the controller (150) can perform a high-current charging process of the battery. The controller (150) continuously receives the power measurement results of the primary power area and, if the grid's spare power decreases, can charge the battery at low current or enter a discharge standby mode as in S315. Of course, even in the discharge standby mode, the controller (150) can monitor the overall grid power situation and the battery's SOC to determine whether to charge the battery at low power or high current.

[0160] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement and operation of an ESS and a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a configuration in which a vanadium ion battery ESS (VIB ESS) (100a), which is an embodiment of an ESS, is arranged. The process of supplying electricity follows the sequence of a power source (10) which is a grid, a substation (5), a power meter (205), and a power distribution device (20a), which is an embodiment of a main distribution board. Electricity is supplied from the power distribution device (20a) to the VIB ESS (100a), the charger (50), and loads other than the ESS. A power meter (205) is placed on the grid main power line, and power meters (211, 212, 220) may also be placed on each line in each area (30a, 40a). Information regarding the power consumption of each area and the total is transmitted to the VIB ESS (100a).

[0161] As seen in FIG. 8 above, the VIB ESS (100a) stores information regarding the maximum power amount (Grid_Max) available for use in the grid. Additionally, the VIB ESS (100a) can receive information regarding the power amount supplied to loads other than the ESS (e.g., the power amount being used in 40a) from a power meter (220) placed in 40a. Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the VIB ESS (100a) can receive the total grid power consumption amount (Grid_Usage) from a power meter (205).

[0162] The receiving method can be either periodic receiving or real-time receiving. In the case of periodic receiving, the corresponding period can be changed according to the change in the amount of power used in the primary power area (40a). For example, the controller (150) can set the receiving period to 5 minutes during the night when there is little change in the amount of power, and set the receiving period to 1 minute during the day when there is a large change in the amount of power.

[0163] The VIB ESS (100a) can control the charging or discharging of the VIB ESS (100a) so that the grid's power usage can be optimized according to the amount of power used in the primary power area (40a). The operating modes of the VIB ESS (100a) include a charging mode, a discharging mode, and a standby mode. In the charging mode, the VIB ESS (100a) determines the amount of ESS charge and proceeds with charging according to the SOC reference value of the ESS, and then terminates the charging mode.

[0164] Additionally, the VIB ESS (100a) may supplement all or part of the power output from the charger (50) (P11). For example, if the value obtained by subtracting the power usage of the primary power area (40a) from the maximum grid power (available power) is smaller than the power output from the charger (50) (resulting in a shortage of charger charging power), the VIB ESS (100a) may supplement the shortage or more than the shortage of power.

[0165] Additionally, if Grid_Usage is Grid_Max or exceeds it and the grid power is cut off, the VIB ESS (100a) can discharge the amount of power charged to the primary power area (40a). For example, if the VIB ESS (100a) discharges to the power distribution device (20a), such as P10, the power distribution device (20a) can supply power to the primary power area (40a).

[0166] Additionally, the VIB ESS (100a) may supplement all or part of the power output from the charger (50) (P11). For example, if the value obtained by subtracting the total grid power consumption (Grid_Usage) from the maximum grid power (available power) is smaller than the power output from the charger (50) (resulting in a shortage of charger power), the VIB ESS (100a) may supplement the shortage or more than the shortage.

[0167] When applying the embodiment of FIG. 9, the VIB ESS (100a) can optimize the amount of power in the grid according to the power usage situation within the grid. For example, the VIB ESS (100a) can assist the amount of power to minimize losses due to overpower peak power and suppress grid overload.

[0168] Accordingly, the controller (150) of the VIB ESS (100a) can determine either a high-current charging or a low-current charging method of the battery after receiving the power measurement result of the primary power area. If the power amount of the primary power area is below a certain standard (e.g., 80% or less) compared to the total grid usage, the VIB ESS (100a) can be quickly charged through high-current charging.

[0169] Conversely, if the amount of power in the primary power area exceeds a certain standard (e.g., exceeding 80%) compared to the total grid usage, the VIB ESS (100a) is continuously charged through low-current charging to reduce the load on the entire grid and subsequently use the charged power to supplement the grid power.

[0170] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement and operation of an ESS and a charger according to another embodiment of the present invention. Unlike FIG. 9, the configuration of FIG. 10 is an embodiment in which a power distribution device (20a) functioning as a main distribution panel and a power distribution device (20b) functioning as an ESS distribution panel are separated. In addition, a power distribution device (20c) functioning as a DC distribution panel (container) supplying power to the VIB ESS (100b) is separately arranged.

[0171] The power distribution device (20c) may be configured in one or more separate units, and the present invention is not limited to a specific configuration method of the power distribution device. Depending on the configuration and arrangement of the VIB ESS (100b), the power distribution device (20c) may be optionally arranged.

[0172] FIG. 10 shows the PMS (130b) and PCS (140b) separately, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the PMS (130b) and PCS (140b) may be configured within the VIB ESS (100b). The PMS (130b) can be integrated with the aforementioned controller (150) to control driving modes such as charging or discharging of the VIB ESS (100b).

[0173] Additionally, the Power Bank (51) may also be a component of the charger (50) or an independent component of the charger (50) depending on the method of implementing the invention. In the configuration of FIG. 9, the VIB ESS (100a) can assist the power of the entire grid. The VIB ESS (100b) stores information regarding the maximum output amount of the power grid. The VIB ESS (100b) can receive the total power consumption of the grid from the power meter (205). Alternatively, the VIB ESS (100b) can determine the available power consumption of the grid by receiving a measurement of the load usage outside the ESS. The VIB ESS (100b) can control the charging or discharging of the VIB ESS (100b) by receiving information regarding the total power consumption of the grid or by receiving a measurement of the load usage outside the ESS.

[0174] The ESS external load indicates the load for power usage other than the VIB ESS (100b) and charger (50), and refers to the load within the primary power area (40b), such as power usage within a building, home, server, subway, etc.

[0175] Information regarding the maximum grid power can be entered into the VIB ESS (100b) in advance, and if the maximum grid power changes, the VIB ESS (100b) stores the changed value. The entered value can be stored within the ESS (100b) and maintained for a certain period. The VIB ESS (100b) can store the maximum grid power (Grid_Max) information in a manner such as 380V AC / 150KW.

[0176] When applying the embodiment of FIG. 10, a grid such as a power source (10) supplies power to an energy storage device (100b), a charger (50), and other loads (loads other than ESS) excluding the energy storage device and the charger. Additionally, the energy storage device (100b) may include one or more power meters (205, 211, 212, 220) for measuring the power of the grid, the energy storage device (100b), the charger (50), and other loads (loads other than ESS).

[0177] And, the controller of the energy storage device (100b) can determine whether to charge or discharge the energy storage module, or to supply power to the charger or other load, by using one or more of the power amount of the grid or other load measured by the power meter (205, 211, 212, 220).

[0178] In the case of an embodiment in which the power amount of the grid can be checked using the power amount of other loads (loads other than ESS), the energy storage device (100b) can determine whether to charge or discharge the energy storage module, or to supply power to the charger or other loads, by using the value measured by the power meter (220) placed on the loads other than ESS.

[0179] Meanwhile, if the power amount of the grid cannot be determined by the power amount of other loads, or if it is necessary to determine the power amount of the grid in real time without error, the energy storage device (100b) can determine whether to charge or discharge the energy storage module, or to supply power to the charger or other loads, by using the value measured by the power meter (205) placed at the power source (10).

[0180] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the process of an ESS operating in response to an increase in power usage within a grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0181] The controller (150) stores the maximum power amount (Grid_Max) available in the grid (S321). This allows the aforementioned power source (10) to provide information regarding the maximum power amount to the controller (150). Alternatively, the maximum power amount of the power source (10) may be input to the controller (150) in advance.

[0182] Subsequently, the power meter (220) measures the power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area, and the controller (150) calculates the estimated usage within N hours (S322). The controller (150) can accumulate and store information on the power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area. The controller (150) monitors the power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area in real time and calculates the estimated usage within N hours if the power usage increases.

[0183] At this time, the controller (150) can calculate the expected usage amount by reflecting seasonal factors. In one embodiment, the controller (150) can calculate the expected usage amount based on information about the time period when the air conditioner is likely to be used in the space (building, house, etc.) (e.g., 2 PM to 4 PM, etc.).

[0184] As a result, the controller (150) can determine whether the current power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area is within a stable range or is below a threshold, but the expected usage within N hours is outside the stable range or exceeds the threshold (S323). In this case, the controller (150) proceeds to a standby mode to support the power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area in preparation for an increase in power usage.

[0185] The controller (150) checks whether the charger (50) is in use (S324). If the charger (50) is in use, it can be controlled to proceed with charging using only grid power (S325). This is to preserve the power charged in the energy storage device (100) so as to assist in the use of power in the primary power area.

[0186] Additionally, when the charger (50) is not in use or when the charger (50) is charging using only grid power, the controller (150) measures the SOC of the energy storage device (100) (S326). If the measurement result shows that the SOC of the energy storage device (100) is below a reference value (S327), charging of the energy storage device (100) is performed (S328).

[0187] When the process of Fig. 11 is applied, if the power usage of the primary power area (Primary_Usage) increases, the energy storage device (100) can assist the power.

[0188] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an ESS configuration according to another embodiment of the present invention. Power supplied from the outside is applied to a battery pack (110d) via a Ground Fault Device (GFD) (127d) and a Switch Gear (125d). As a detailed configuration of the Switch Gear (125d), a Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) (121d) and a Pack BMS (120d) are provided as an example. The Pack BMS (120d) can perform control and sensing, and can control LEDs and relays and sense current and voltage. In FIG. 12, the Switch Gear (125d) and the PMS (130d) can form a controller (150).

[0189] FIG. 13 is a drawing showing the configuration of a charger according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0190] The charger control unit (550) controls the operation of the charger (50) and controls various components (510, 520, 530, 540) that constitute the charger (50).

[0191] The interface unit (510) provides an interface that allows a user to input or check information during the process of charging various devices, such as electric vehicles and electric bicycles, from the charger (50). The interface unit (510) may be composed of a touchscreen and buttons.

[0192] The communication unit (520) transmits and receives information with external devices. The communication unit (520) can receive information such as the current available power status and whether the input power is input from the grid or the ESS from the ESS (100) or PMS (130). In addition, the communication unit (520) can transmit information related to the current charging status of the charger (50) to the ESS (100) or PMS (130). Alternatively, the communication unit (520) can transmit information related to the current charging status to another charger.

[0193] The charging unit (530) charges other devices (electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electronic products, etc.). The power supply unit (540) receives power from an external source and provides it to the charging unit (530).

[0194] The charger control unit (550) outputs the amount, time, options, etc. related to charging to the interface unit (510) according to the power source supplied to the power supply unit (540). The charger control unit (550) can control the charging unit (530) according to the power source supplied to the power supply unit (540), the charging options set in the interface unit (510), etc.

[0195] The charger control unit (550) determines the charging amount or charging time unit according to the type of supply source. The charging unit (530) proceeds with charging according to the time or amount selected by the interface unit (510).

[0196] By utilizing some or all of the features of the present invention, it can be applied to a battery charging management system that analyzes the history of power usage occurring during a user's charging process at an ESS or electric vehicle charging station, enables billing based on the actual charged power, and allows for the analysis of power usage status and verification of power loss. According to an embodiment of the present invention, such a battery charging management system may include means for identifying the history of use or consumption of power transmitted from the ESS and analyzing information regarding energy usage or loss. Such means for analyzing power usage information can resolve not only abnormalities in the power transmitted from the ESS but also problems caused by the difference between the actual power used and the transmitted power.

[0197] In order for various controls to be performed to ensure that power is supplied from the power grid to the ESS battery in an ESS operating system, various measurements, verifications, monitoring, and / or surveillance of the battery interior, battery exterior, surrounding environment, and the entire system must be performed at each stage (level). According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring level may include four levels. Each level is connected via a network communication line and has the function of exchanging signals with each other or issuing or executing commands.

[0198] FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating, as an example of applying some or all of the features of the present invention to an ESS security management system, an exemplary range of operational status management when the monitoring level is configured from Level 1 to Level 4.

[0199] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring level may include one or more of: Level 1, which includes a BMS directly connected to a battery; Level 2, which includes Level 1 and includes a master BMS connected by grouping the BMSs of Level 1; Level 3, which includes Level 2 and includes a power management system (PMS) that controls one or more of heating / cooling, load, and grid; and Level 4, which includes Level 3 and includes a top-level energy management system (EMS) that controls one or more of ESS and power systems in various regions. Specifically, when configuring such monitoring levels into four stages, multi-stage levels may be configured as follows.

[0200] In a battery charging management system of an ESS utilizing these four levels, battery charging management can be performed by including a power usage information collection unit that collects power usage information related to actual charging power and other power (e.g., power for heaters, BMS balancing power, V2L power, external leakage loss power, etc.), an information analysis unit that classifies or analyzes the information collected by the power usage information collection unit, and a charging execution unit that performs charging suspension or charging state control based on the analysis results.

[0201] In addition, some or all of the features of the present invention may be applied to an electric energy supply method and a system thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to an electric energy supply method that efficiently supplies power to an electric energy storage or electric energy consumption area including an energy storage device (ESS) through a grid that receives electricity from a power source, and to an electric energy supply device and a supply system utilizing the same.

[0202] In addition, when supplying power from the grid and ESS, information regarding power consumption and remaining power can be collected and evaluated to efficiently control and manage the charging and discharging of the ESS or the supply of electrical energy from the grid. This allows for the optimization of grid power, optimization and minimization of losses caused by overpower or peak power, and suppression of grid overload. Furthermore, since a mutually complementary relationship between the grid and ESS can be maintained, high output is possible even when the total grid power supply is insufficient or during momentary power outages or interruptions, which has the advantage of enabling stable supply and demand of grid power.

[0203] FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary system for supplying power from the grid to the ESS and the power consumption area, controlling power supply to the power consumption area and including information on the consumable power obtained from the PMS of the ESS, and managing the charging and discharging of the ESS.

[0204] An electric energy supply system may be provided, comprising: an ESS that performs charging and discharging by receiving power through a grid; a charger that receives power from one or more power sources among the ESS or the grid; and auxiliary facilities to which power is supplied to loads other than the ESS, wherein the system stores the maximum possible output power that can be output from the grid; a step of measuring or receiving the amount of power consumed by loads other than the ESS of the auxiliary facilities; a step of measuring the amount of power consumed by the grid; and a step of controlling the charging or discharging of the ESS based on the power information collected in each of the above steps.

[0205] For example, in the case of LIBs, high output can affect heat generation and battery life, whereas vanadium ion batteries (VIBs) allow for stable high output. Additionally, while LIBs have limitations such as 1C charging and 1C discharging, vanadium ion batteries (VIBs) allow for input / output flow control at high output. For instance, in the event of a grid power outage, an ESS utilizing vanadium ion batteries (VIBs) can assist both the grid and the charger at high output; therefore, particularly in the case of an ESS applying vanadium ion batteries (VIBs), ESS charging and discharging management can be managed very efficiently. In particular, since vanadium ion batteries (VIBs) do not pose a fire risk due to overload, applying such vanadium ion batteries (VIBs) to the ESS of the present invention can be considered a highly effective power supply system in that the electric energy supply system of the present invention can be applied in various auxiliary facilities while ensuring safety. In addition, since the present invention enables safe and efficient energy supply, it can be utilized as a highly effective, safe, and eco-friendly energy supply means for energy conservation, energy environment, and the realization of carbon neutrality.

[0206] Additionally, High C-Rate output and cell balancing control based on output may be performed by utilizing some or all of the features of the present invention.

[0207] FIG. 16 exemplarily illustrates various cell deviations for the cells of the internal battery of the ESS, wherein the charging and discharging of the ESS is performed at a high C-rate for a specific load. <1> , <2> and <3> This is a conceptual diagram showing the case of.

[0208] The inventors recognized the problem of increased cell deviation probability and deviation voltage during high C-rate charging / discharging. As a solution, the balancing current amount can be controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM), and can be controlled in a manner such as balancing the maximum current amount at a high C-rate and balancing the minimum current amount at a low C-rate.

[0209] As a result, the balancing current is flexibly controlled, making it possible to maintain a stable high C-rate. For example, if there are many cells with cell deviations, PWM control can be performed to balance a specific cell slightly more.

[0210] Specific balancing methods can be applied in various ways and are not limited, and it is fundamentally important to flexibly adjust the balancing current. In addition, the resistance value of the balancing current limiting element can be lowered as much as possible to protect the balancing switch element, and then the balancing current can be controlled through current control via PWM control.

[0211] In addition, the inventors recognized the problem that if there are many cells that are over-discharged during high C-rate charging / discharging, there may be concerns that the cell monitoring BMS operation may stop.

[0212] In existing configurations or conventional technologies, stable operation was impossible due to fluctuations in the input power of the BMS when high-output discharge was performed using battery power. In other words, since the ESS power is typically cut off when the power supply to the BMS is cut off, many difficulties occurred during high-output discharge. Furthermore, if an external power source is used as in existing / conventional technologies, there is a problem of increased unit costs due to the addition of components such as multiple connector wires, additional manufacturing processes required for this, and overall additional costs.

[0213] As a solution, we conceived the idea that a boost circuit could be configured so that the BMS can operate normally even with only a minimum voltage input. The battery voltage is received as a primary input, and the received voltage is converted (boosted) to a voltage at which the BMS can operate and provided as the power input for the BMS.

[0214] As a result, the BMS can operate stably even when battery deviation occurs, and the BMS can operate stably even when multiple over-discharged batteries occur. Since only a small number of components are added to the internal circuit board of the BMS, it can be implemented with minimal increase in unit cost and without the addition of special processes.

[0215] Embodiments of the present invention may also be described as follows.

[0216] In at least one embodiment, a power grid assistance system is provided, comprising: at least one battery assembly equipped with at least one vanadium-based battery and used to assist a power grid by supplying power under specific circumstances; a control unit operatively connected to the battery assembly and providing control for charging and discharging of the vanadium-based battery; and a boost circuit for normal operation of the control unit at a minimum voltage to counteract adverse effects of over-discharge cells when charging / discharging at a high C-rate, wherein the vanadium-based battery can use a high charge / discharge rate (C-rate).

[0217] The above boost circuit is operationally connected to a cell monitoring battery management system (BMS).

[0218] The battery assembly, the control unit, and the boost circuit are implemented to provide control in emergency situations, and the boost circuit operates only when the C-rate is high so that the discharge of the vanadium-based battery can be sustained for several milliseconds to several seconds to assist the power grid.

[0219] In the normal mode of the vanadium-based battery, charging and discharging are performed at the normal mode C-rate, and in the high-power mode, charging and discharging are performed by varying the C-rate according to the control of the control unit at a high-power mode C-rate higher than the normal mode C-rate.

[0220] The above general mode C-rate is 0.5C or less, and the above high-output mode C-rate is a high output greater than the above general mode C-rate, and may, for example, have a range of 0.5C or more.

[0221] The vanadium-based battery is implemented to integrate and support the energy storage system (ESS) and the uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and the battery assembly and the control unit are implemented to perform the function of the energy storage system (ESS) alone, the function of the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) alone, or both functions selectively or periodically.

[0222] The above boost circuit operates by selecting On / Off based on the number of cells that drop below a specific reference voltage, and operates in the On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher.

[0223] In addition, in at least one embodiment, an energy storage device (ESS) equipped with a plurality of secondary batteries and supplying power to assist a power grid in specific situations; an ESS / UPS integrated unit operatively connected to the power grid and the ESS and connected to a battery dedicated to a high-output mode; and a control unit operatively connected to the ESS and the ESS / UPS integrated unit to provide control, wherein the ESS / UPS integrated unit and the control unit selectively select between a normal mode and a high-output (emergency) mode to assist power by discharging the charged power of the ESS according to the power state of the power grid, and output high output when high output is required.

[0224] The above ESS is composed of a vanadium-based battery, and the vanadium-based battery charges and discharges at a normal mode C-rate in normal mode, and charges and discharges by varying the C-rate according to the control of the control unit in a high-power (emergency) mode C-rate which is at least three times higher than the normal mode C-rate in high-power mode.

[0225] The above general mode C-rate is 0.5C or less, and the above high-output mode C-rate is a high output greater than the above general mode C-rate.

[0226] The control unit of the ESS / UPS integrated unit further performs control of a boosting procedure for normal operation of the control unit when charging / discharging at a high C-rate in the high-output mode, and control of a pre-charge procedure for the vanadium-based battery.

[0227] It further includes a boost circuit connected to the above-mentioned control unit, wherein the boost circuit selects On / Off operation according to the number of cells falling below a specific reference voltage, and operates in the On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher.

[0228] In addition, in at least one embodiment, an ESS / UPS integrated system is presented, comprising: an ESS unit that performs some functions of an energy storage device (ESS); a UPS unit that performs some functions of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS); and a control unit that is operatively connected to the ESS unit and the UPS unit to provide control, wherein the control unit selectively switches between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid.

[0229] The above energy storage device (ESS) includes a vanadium ion battery (VIB), and by utilizing the wide C-rate coverage of the VIB, the control unit performs control to selectively switch between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid, thereby improving safety compared to existing ESS systems without the control unit.

[0230] The above control unit further includes a battery implemented to selectively switch between ESS and UPS functions according to the power status of the power grid.

[0231] The above control unit provides control to operate only the battery packs required for the grid's power needs, and puts the unused battery packs into pre-charge mode.

[0232] It further includes a boost circuit connected to the above-mentioned control unit, wherein the boost circuit selects On / Off operation according to the number of cells falling below a specific reference voltage, and operates in the On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher.

[0233] Additionally, in at least one embodiment, a method for controlling an ESS / UPS integrated system is presented, comprising: at least one battery assembly equipped with a plurality of secondary batteries and used to assist a power grid by supplying power under specific conditions; and a control unit operatively connected to the battery assembly and providing control for the charging and discharging of the secondary batteries, wherein the control unit freely switches between an energy storage device (ESS) function and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) function.

[0234] As the secondary battery mentioned above, a vanadium-based battery with a wider charge-discharge rate (C-rate: C) range compared to a lithium-based battery is applied, and safety is improved compared to existing ESS systems without the control unit mentioned above.

[0235] The above ESS / UPS integrated system further includes an ESS unit having the configuration and function of an energy storage device (ESS); and a UPS unit having the configuration and function of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) device, and the control unit is operatively connected to the ESS unit and the UPS unit to provide control.

[0236] The battery assembly and the control unit are implemented to allow the discharge of the vanadium-based battery to continue for several milliseconds to several seconds to assist the power grid by providing control in emergency situations.

[0237] The battery assembly includes a vanadium-based battery implemented to integrate and support the energy storage device (ESS) and the uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and the control unit is implemented to selectively or periodically switch between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid.

[0238] The above control unit provides control to operate only the battery packs required for the grid's power needs, and puts the unused battery packs into pre-charge mode.

[0239] It further includes a boost circuit connected to the above-mentioned control unit, wherein the boost circuit selects On / Off operation according to the number of cells falling below a specific reference voltage, and operates in the On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher.

[0240] Although it has been described that all components constituting an embodiment of the invention are combined or operate as a single unit, the present invention is not necessarily limited to such an embodiment, and within the scope of the purpose of the present invention, all components may be selectively combined in one or more ways to operate. Furthermore, while all components may each be implemented as a single independent piece of hardware, some or all of the components may be selectively combined to be implemented as a computer program having a program module that performs some or all of the combined functions on one or more pieces of hardware. The codes and code segments constituting the computer program can be easily inferred by those skilled in the art of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by storing such a computer-readable storage medium and reading and executing it by a computer. The storage medium for the computer program includes a magnetic recording medium, an optical recording medium, and a storage medium including a semiconductor recording element. Additionally, a computer program implementing an embodiment of the present invention includes a program module that is transmitted in real time through an external device.

[0241] The embodiments described above should be understood as exemplary in all respects and not limiting, and the scope of the invention will be defined by the claims set forth below rather than by the detailed description above. Furthermore, the meaning and scope of these claims, as well as all transformable and modifiable forms derived from equivalents thereof, should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the invention. Explanation of the symbols

[0244] 120: Main distribution panel 130: Power converter 140: VIB ESS 150: Charger 160: Electric Vehicle 170: Load other than ESS

Claims

Claim 1 A power grid assistance system characterized by comprising: at least one battery assembly equipped with at least one vanadium-based battery and used to assist a power grid by supplying power; a control unit operatively connected to the battery assembly and providing control for charging and discharging of the vanadium-based battery; and a boost circuit for normal operation of the control unit at a minimum voltage to counteract adverse effects of over-discharge cells when charging / discharging at a high C-rate, wherein the vanadium-based battery can use a high charge / discharge rate (C-rate). Claim 2 A power grid auxiliary system according to claim 1, characterized in that the boost circuit is operationally connected to a cell monitoring battery management system (BMS). Claim 3 A power grid assistance system according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery assembly, the control unit, and the boost circuit provide control in emergency situations, and the boost circuit operates only when the C-rate is high, so that the discharge of the vanadium-based battery can be sustained for several milliseconds to several seconds to assist the power grid. Claim 4 A power grid auxiliary system according to claim 1, characterized in that in a normal mode of the vanadium-based battery, it charges and discharges at a normal mode C-rate, and in a high-power mode, it charges and discharges by varying the C-rate according to the control of the control unit at a high-power mode C-rate higher than the normal mode C-rate. Claim 5 A power grid auxiliary system according to claim 4, characterized in that the general mode C-rate is 0.5C or less, and the high-output mode C-rate is a high-output higher than the general mode C-rate. Claim 6 A power grid auxiliary system according to claim 1, wherein the vanadium-based battery is implemented to integrate and support an energy storage system (ESS) and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and the battery assembly and the control unit are implemented to perform the function of the energy storage system (ESS) alone, the function of the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) alone, or both functions selectively or periodically. Claim 7 A power grid auxiliary system according to claim 1, wherein the boost circuit selects On / Off operation based on the number of cells falling below a specific reference voltage, and operates in the On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher. Claim 8 An energy storage device (ESS) equipped with a plurality of secondary batteries and supplying power to assist a power grid; an ESS / UPS integrated unit operably connected to the power grid and the ESS and connected to a battery dedicated to a high-output mode; a control unit operably connected to the ESS and the ESS / UPS integrated unit to provide control; and a boost circuit that boosts an input voltage to a voltage at which the control unit can operate, wherein the ESS / UPS integrated unit and the control unit selectively select between a general mode and a high-output mode to assist power by discharging the charged power of the ESS according to the power state of the power grid, and output high output when high output is required, and the boost circuit operates by selectively turning On / Off based on the number of cells falling below a specific reference voltage, and operates in an On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher. Claim 9 A power grid auxiliary system according to claim 8, wherein the ESS is composed of a vanadium-based battery, and the vanadium-based battery charges and discharges at a normal mode C-rate in a normal mode, and charges and discharges by varying the C-rate according to the control of the control unit at a high-power mode C-rate that is at least three times higher than the normal mode C-rate in a high-power mode. Claim 10 A power grid auxiliary system according to claim 9, characterized in that the general mode C-rate is 0.5C or less, and the high-output mode C-rate is a high-output higher than the general mode C-rate. Claim 11 In claim 9, the control unit of the ESS / UPS integrated unit additionally performs control of a boosting procedure for normal operation of the control unit during charging / discharging at a high C-rate in the high-output mode and control of a pre-charge procedure for the vanadium-based battery, in a power grid auxiliary system. Claim 12 delete Claim 13 An ESS / UPS integrated system comprising: an ESS unit that performs some functions of an energy storage device (ESS); a UPS unit that performs some functions of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS); a control unit that is operatively connected to the ESS unit and the UPS unit to provide control; and a boost circuit that boosts an input voltage to a voltage at which the control unit can operate, wherein the control unit selectively switches between the ESS function and the UPS function, and the boost circuit selects On / Off operation based on the number of cells falling below a specific reference voltage, and operates in an On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher. Claim 14 An ESS / UPS integrated system according to claim 13, wherein the energy storage device (ESS) includes a vanadium ion battery (VIB), and the control unit performs control to selectively switch between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid by utilizing the wide C-rate coverage of the VIB, thereby improving safety compared to a conventional ESS system without the control unit. Claim 15 An ESS / UPS integrated system according to claim 13, further comprising a battery implemented such that the control unit can selectively switch between ESS functions and UPS functions according to the power state of the power grid. Claim 16 An ESS / UPS integrated system according to claim 13, wherein the control unit provides control to operate only the battery packs required for the grid's power requirements, and puts unoperated battery packs into pre-charge mode. Claim 17 delete Claim 18 A method for controlling an ESS / UPS integrated system comprising: at least one battery assembly equipped with multiple secondary batteries and used to supply power to assist a power grid; a control unit operatively connected to the battery assembly and providing control for charging and discharging the secondary batteries; and a boost circuit that boosts an input voltage to a voltage at which the control unit can operate, wherein the control unit freely switches between an energy storage device (ESS) function and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) function, and the boost circuit operates by selectively turning on / off based on the number of cells falling below a specific reference voltage, and operates in an On state in a high-output environment of 0.5C or higher. Claim 19 A method for controlling an ESS / UPS integrated system according to claim 18, characterized by applying a vanadium-based battery as the secondary battery, which has a wider charge-discharge rate (C-rate: C) range compared to a lithium-based battery, and having improved safety compared to a conventional ESS system without a control unit. Claim 20 A method for controlling an ESS / UPS integrated system according to claim 18, wherein the ESS / UPS integrated system further comprises: an ESS unit having the configuration and function of an energy storage device (ESS); and a UPS unit having the configuration and function of an uninterruptible power supply device (UPS), and wherein the control unit is operatively connected to the ESS unit and the UPS unit to provide control. Claim 21 An ESS / UPS integrated system control method according to claim 18, characterized in that the battery assembly and the control unit are implemented to allow the discharge of the secondary battery to continue for several milliseconds to several seconds to assist the power grid by providing control in an emergency situation. Claim 22 A method for controlling an ESS / UPS integrated system according to claim 18, wherein the battery assembly comprises a vanadium-based battery implemented to support the integrated support of the energy storage device (ESS) and the uninterruptible power supply device (UPS), and the control unit is implemented to selectively or periodically switch between the ESS function and the UPS function according to the power state of the power grid. Claim 23 A method for controlling an ESS / UPS integrated system according to claim 18, wherein the control unit provides control to operate only the battery packs required for the grid's power requirements, and puts the unoperated battery packs into a pre-charge mode. Claim 24 delete

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