MULTI-INLET IN-LINE SURFACE DRAINAGE.

Abstract

The embodiments described in this disclosure provide an in-line surface drain. The in-line surface drain may comprise a cylindrical structure and a plurality of concentric rings attached to the cylindrical structure. The plurality of concentric rings may be configured to project outward from the bottom of the outer surface of the cylindrical structure, and the diameters of the plurality of concentric rings may be different. At least one of the plurality of concentric rings may be configured to detachably accommodate a vertical pipe.

Description

MULTI-IN-LINE SURFACE DRAINAGE DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY RECIPROCAL REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 031,206, filed on May 28, 2020, entitled Multi-Lay In-Line Surface Drainage, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference. PAQfr ίΠ / ΖΖηΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ FIELD OF INVENTION This disclosure generally refers to in-line surface drains, and more specifically, to in-line surface drains for stormwater management systems that can be used to confine a standpipe at the surface. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Stormwater inlets and piping systems are used to capture and transport rainwater for a wide variety of applications. It is common to capture surface stormwater for underground transport, storage, or treatment. Such systems typically include underground pipes that must be brought to the surface by, for example, vertical risers. Vertical risers feed into surface drains within underground stormwater systems. To ensure that the risers are contained at the surface, in-line surface drains are used. Surface drains for conventional lines, however, are custom-made to fit a specific standpipe. Because surface drains for conventional lines are molded to fit specific standpipe sizes, a single surface drain can only fit one size of standpipe. Therefore, there is a need for an improved in-line surface drain that can accommodate multiple diameters of standpipes. There is also a need for an improved in-line surface drain that can be securely attached to the standpipe to prevent it from coming loose during installation. PAQfr ίη / ΖΖΠΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ REVIEW OF THE INVENTION The embodiments of this disclosure may include an in-line surface drain comprising a cylindrical structure and a plurality of concentric rings coupled to said cylindrical structure. The plurality of concentric rings may be configured to project outward from the bottom of an external surface of the cylindrical structure, and the diameters of the plurality of concentric rings may be different. In addition, at least one of the plurality of concentric rings may be configured to detachably accommodate a vertical pipe. In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain may comprise a plurality of flanges arranged on an external surface of the cylindrical structure. In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain may comprise a rim section formed on an external surface of the cylindrical structure. In other embodiments, a plurality of concentric rings may be cut from a cylindrical structure. Additionally or alternatively, the heights of the plurality of concentric rings may be different. In some embodiments, the heights of the plurality of concentric rings may be the same. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of concentric rings may comprise an inner surface of a first diameter and an outer surface of a second diameter, and the vertical pipe may be configured to detachably couple to the inner surface of at least one of the plurality of PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ concentric rings. In other embodiments, at least one of a plurality of concentric rings may comprise an inner surface of a first diameter and an outer surface of a second diameter, and the vertical pipe may be configured to detachably couple to the outer surface of at least one of the plurality of concentric rings. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of concentric rings may comprise a stepped inner surface or a stepped outer surface. The stepped inner surface or the stepped outer surface may be configured to accommodate vertical pipes of different diameters. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of concentric rings may comprise both a stepped inner surface and a stepped outer surface. According to another embodiment of this disclosure, an in-line surface drain is provided comprising a cylindrical structure and a plurality of concentric rings coupled to the cylindrical structure. Each of the plurality of concentric rings may comprise an inner surface of a first diameter and an outer surface of a second diameter. The plurality of concentric rings may be configured to project outward from the bottom of an outer surface of the cylindrical structure, and the diameters of the plurality of concentric rings may PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ may be different. In addition to at least one of the plurality of concentric rings, they may be configured to accommodate a plurality of vertical pipes of different diameters. In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain may comprise a plurality of flanges arranged on an external surface of the cylindrical structure. In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain may comprise a lip formed on an external surface of the cylindrical structure. In other embodiments, a plurality of concentric rings may be cut from a cylindrical structure. Additionally or alternatively, the heights of the plurality of concentric rings may be different. In some embodiments, the heights of the plurality of concentric rings may be the same. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of concentric rings may comprise a stepped internal surface or a stepped external surface. The stepped internal surface or the stepped external surface may be configured to accommodate vertical pipes of different diameters. In some embodiments, the bottom of the internal surface of the cylindrical structure may comprise a stepped surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS PAQfr ίΠ / ΖΖηΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate disclosed embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed embodiments. Figure 1 is an illustration of an exemplary stormwater drainage system, consistent with the achievements of this disclosure; Figure 2 is an illustration of an exemplary in-line surface drain, consistent with the realizations in this disclosure; Figure 3A is an illustration of an exemplary in-line surface drain coupled to two different exemplary vertical pipes, consistent with the realizations in this disclosure; Figure 3B is another illustration of an exemplary in-line surface drain of Figure 3A, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; Figure 4A, an illustration of another exemplary in-line surface drain, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; Figure 4B is an elevation view of an exemplary in-line surface drain of Figure 4A, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; PAQfr ίΠ / ΖΖηΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Figure 4C is a perspective view of an exemplary in-line surface drain of Figure 4A, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; Figure 4D is a plan view of an exemplary in-line surface drain of Figure 4A, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; Figure 5 is an illustration of another exemplary in-line surface drain, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; Figure 6A is an illustration of another exemplary in-line surface drain, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; Figure 6B is another illustration of an exemplary in-line surface drain of Figure 6A and provides an enlarged description of a portion of the exemplary drain, consistent with the realizations in this disclosure; Figure 6C is another illustration of an exemplary in-line surface drain of Figure 6A coupled to two different exemplary vertical pipes; Figure 7 is an illustration of another exemplary in-line surface drain, consistent with the realizations of this disclosure; Figure 8 is an illustration of another exemplary in-line surface drain, consistent with the making of this disclosure; and PAQfr ίΠ / ΖΖηΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Figure 9 is an illustration of another exemplary in-line surface drain, consistent with the making of this disclosure. PAQfr ίη / ΖΖΠΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ DETAILED DESCRIPTION Reference will now be made in detail to these achievements (exemplary achievements) of dissemination, examples of which are illustrated in the attached drawings. As discussed in more detail below, various embodiments of an in-line surface drain for stormwater drainage systems are provided. The in-line surface drain, consistent with the embodiments in this disclosure, may be able to accommodate multiple diameter standpipes and securely fit onto the standpipe to prevent the surface drain from loosening during installation. In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain may comprise a concentric ring system, such as a plurality of concentric rings, which may be cut or hammered or hammered by other known methods to a size suitable for installation. The length of the concentric rings may also be designed such that the smallest ring is the longest and thus hammered first. The in-line surface drain, consistent with the realizations in this disclosure, may also include a fastening feature accompanied by, for example, one or more grooves formed in the concentric rings to allow attached hardware to pass through the drain product and through the standpipe. Thus, the in-line surface drain may be secured to the standpipe. The one or more grooves may also allow, in an adjustable manner, installation and modifications to the inset by the end user. Additionally, the in-line surface drain is not limited to vertical orientations. For example, the in-line surface drain may be coupled to a standpipe such that the standpipe is contained within the surface.Additionally, or alternatively, the in-line surface drain can be horizontally oriented and coupled to a horizontal vertical pipe to connect horizontally to other pipes and / or structures. While the realizations in this disclosure provide examples of in-line surface drains configured to be coupled to standpipes of various diameters, it should be noted that aspects of this disclosure, in the broadest sense, are not limited to in-line surface drains. Ideally, the foregoing principles should be applied to other devices, systems, and methods for connecting standpipes in stormwater drainage systems. Furthermore, the PAQfr ίη / ZZΖΠZ / E / YΙΛΙ The term "in-line surface drain" generally refers to any element capable of connecting one or more vertical pipes in stormwater drainage systems. For example, an in-line surface drain can be a multi-fit connection system capable of being coupled to vertical pipes of various diameters. Returning now to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a stormwater drainage system 10, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. In the illustrated embodiment, the stormwater drainage system 10 may comprise a T-pipe 20, a standpipe 30, and an in-line surface drain 40. As illustrated in Figure 1, one end of the standpipe 30 may be detachably coupled to the T-pipe 20, and the other end of the standpipe 30 may be detachably coupled to the in-line surface drain 40. Accordingly, the surface drainage, the surface drain 40, may flow downward through the standpipe 30, through the T-pipe 20, and through various underground pipes to be discharged into the ground at a remote location.As shown in Figure 1, the in-line surface drain 40 can be coupled to the vertical pipe 30, such that the vertically extending pipe 30 can be confined at the surface. PAQfr ίη / ΖΖΠΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary in-line surface drain 100, coupled to an exemplary riser pipe 102 and configured to confine the riser pipe 102 to the ground surface. The in-line surface drain 100 can also be configured to be coupled to a molded surface 101. The molded surface 101 may comprise a solid cover or a perforated cover with a plurality of openings. Conventionally, in-line surface drains can be manufactured through a custom fabrication process and are made to fit a specific riser pipe diameter. Consequently, conventional in-line surface drains are only capable of fitting a specific riser pipe diameter and are not capable of fitting risers of other diameters.Consequently, there is a need to improve an in-line surface drain that is capable of accommodating multiple sizes and diameters of standpipes. Returning now to Figures 3A and 3B, an exemplary in-line surface drain 104 is provided, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B, the in-line surface drain 104 may comprise a cylindrical structure 107 and a plurality of concentric rings 105a-e, extending or projecting outward from the bottom of the outer surface of the PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ cylindrical structure 107. The cylindrical structure 107 can have a diameter in the range from 4 inches (10.16 cm) to approximately 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 107 can have a diameter between approximately 12 inches (30.48 cm) and 20 inches (50.8 cm). In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 107 can have a height in the range between approximately 3 inches (7.62 cm) and 10 inches (25.4 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 107 can have a height of approximately 7 inches (17.78 cm). The cylindrical structure 107 of the in-line surface drain 104 can be coupled to a plurality of concentric rings 105a-e. In some embodiments, the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e can be cut from the cylindrical structure 107. In other embodiments, the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e can be detachably coupled to the cylindrical structure 107. Although Figures 3A and 3B illustrate an in-line surface drain 104 comprising five concentric rings 105a-e, in other embodiments, the in-line surface drain 104 can comprise two, three, four, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten concentric rings. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the heights of the concentric rings 105a-e can be the same. In some embodiments, all concentric rings 105a-e may have the same height. PAQfr iΠ / ZZΖ / E / YILI plurality of concentric rings 105a-e, may comprise different diameters and may be configured to be detachably coupled to vertical pipes of different sizes and diameters. In other embodiments, at least one of a plurality of concentric rings 105a-e may seal the vertical pipe by means of a connection. The connection may comprise, for example, a washer connection, an elastomeric seal, a glued connection, a first connection, or a solvent-welded connection. For example, concentric ring 105a may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 105b, concentric ring 105b may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 105c, concentric ring 105c may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 105d, and concentric ring 105d may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 105e.The plurality of concentric rings 105a-e, can have diameters in the range from about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, the concentric rings 105a-e can have diameters of approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), 24 inches (60.96 cm), or 36 inches (91.44 cm). Therefore, the surface drain PACI? Ln / Zznz / E / YIAI in line 104, can be coupled to a riser pipe 105a and / or a riser pipe 106b. The riser pipe 106a and the riser pipe 106b can have different diameters. In some embodiments, the riser pipe 106a and the riser pipe 106b can have diameters in the range between about 4 inches (10.16 cm) and about 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, the 106a standpipe and the 106b standpipe can have diameters of around 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 20 inches (50.8 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), 24 inches (60.96 cm), or 36 inches (91.44 cm). In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain 104 can be formed using various molds and / or molding techniques. For example, the in-line surface drain 104 can be formed by resin casting, injection molding, extrusion molding, or other plastic molding and / or molding processes. The cylindrical structure 107 and the concentric rings 105a-e of the in-line surface drain 104 can be formed using materials such as plastic. For example, the cylindrical structure 107 and the concentric rings 105a-e can be formed using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), corrugated polyethylene, or corrugated polypropylene. In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure PAQfr ίΠ / ΖΖηΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ The cylindrical structure 107 and the concentric rings 105a-e can be formed using fiberglass or a thermoplastic polymer, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 107 and the concentric rings 105a-e can be fabricated using the same material. In other embodiments, the cylindrical structure 107 and the concentric rings 105a-e can be fabricated using different materials. As shown in Figure 3B, in some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 107 may comprise a stepped surface. For example, the cylindrical structure 107 may comprise a stepped bottom of an internal surface. In some embodiments, each step 108 on the bottom of the internal surface of the cylindrical structure 107 may correspond to a respective concentric ring of the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e. Accordingly, the width of each step 108 may extend the width of each corresponding concentric ring 105a-e. In some embodiments, the steps 108 can be positioned at a lower height, while the steps 108 become closer to the center of the cylindrical structure 107. The plurality of the steps 108 may allow the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e to be easily cut or struck with a hammer or other methods PAQfr ίη / ZZΖΠZ / E / YΙΛΙ known to a suitable size for installation in a vertical pipe. Figures 4A-4D illustrate multiple views of an exemplary in-line surface drain 104', consistent with the embodiments of this disclosure. As seen in Figures 4A-4D, the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise a cylindrical structure 107' and a plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e' of different diameters. In some embodiments, as discussed above, the bottom of the inner surface of the cylindrical structure 107' may not be flat, but preferably stepped. For example, the bottom of the inner surface of the cylindrical structure 107' may comprise a plurality of steps 108. The width of each step 108 may extend the width of each of the corresponding concentric rings 105a'-e'. In some embodiments, step 108 can be positioned at a lower height, while steps 108 are closer to the center of the cylindrical structure 107'.The plurality of steps 108 may allow the plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e' to be easily trimmed or hammered or struck with a hammer or other known methods to a size appropriate for installation in a vertical pipe. In some embodiments, the bottom of the inner surface of the cylindrical structure 107' can be inclined PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ in a downward manner at an angle from the outer perimeter to the center of the cylindrical structure 107'. Consequently, the height of the cylindrical structure 107' may be the smallest on the outer surface and may increase towards the center of the cylindrical structure 107'. The bottom of the inclined surface of the cylindrical structure 107' may also allow the plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e' to be easily cut or hammered or struck with a hammer or other known methods to a size suitable for installation in a vertical pipe. Alternatively, the height of each plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e' may be different. For example, as shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the height of concentric ring 105e' may be greater than the height of concentric ring 105d', the height of concentric ring 105d' may be greater than the height of concentric ring 105c', the height of concentric ring 105c' may be greater than the height of concentric ring 105b', and the height of concentric ring 105b' may be greater than the height of concentric ring 105a'. Therefore, instead of this, the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e in Figures 3A and 3B, which have the same heights, and the plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e' in Figures 4A and 4B, can have different heights. The different heights of the rings PAQfr ίη / ZZΖΠZ / E / YΙΛΙ concentric rings 105a'-e' may allow one or more concentric rings 105a'-e' to be hammered or struck by another known method to a suitable diameter for installation in a vertical pipe of a specific size. For example, different heights may allow concentric ring 105e' to be struck first, leaving the other concentric rings 105a'-d' intact. After striking concentric ring 105e', the different heights may allow concentric ring 105d' to be struck second, leaving other concentric rings 105a'-c' intact, and so on. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the heights of the plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e' may be different.For example, the height of concentric ring 105e' may be greater than the height of concentric ring 105d', and the height of concentric ring 105d' may be greater than the height of concentric ring 105c', but the heights of concentric rings 105c'-105a' may be the same. Consequently, in some embodiments, one or more heights of concentric rings 105a'-e' may be the same, and one or more heights of concentric rings 105a'-e' may be different. In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 107' of the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise a border section 109 extending outward from an outer surface of the cylindrical structure 107'. The border section 109 may comprise at least one point of PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖ / E / YILI anchorage and at least one flange 111. The anchor point 110 may comprise a hole formed in the flange section 109. In some embodiments, the anchor point 110 and the flange 111 may serve as an anchoring system for the surface drain in line 104'. For example, a steel bar (not shown) or other known anchoring mechanisms (not shown) may be coupled to at least one anchor point 110 to anchor the surface drain in line 104', such as in the ground. Consequently, at least one anchor point 110 and the flange 111 may prevent movement of the surface drain in line 104' during and / or after installation.In some embodiments, and as illustrated in Figures 4C and 4D, the cylindrical structure 107' of the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise a plurality of anchor points 110 and a plurality of flanges 111, formed circumferentially around an external surface of the cylindrical structure 107'. The plurality of flanges 111 may be circumferentially spaced apart from each other around the cylindrical structure 107'. For example, the flanges 111 may be circumferentially spaced equidistant from each other around the cylindrical structure 107'. In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise between approximately two and twenty flanges 111, spaced apart from each other. For example, the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise... PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ around ten flanges 111, spaced apart, among them, around the cylindrical structure 107'. In addition or alternatively, the surface drain in line 104' may comprise at least one groove 112 formed through a plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e'. In some embodiments, the surface drain in line 104' may comprise a plurality of grooves 112. The width of the groove 112 may be from about 0.2 inches (0.508 cm) to about 1.5 inches (3.81 cm). For example, the groove 112 may have a width of about 1 inch (2.54 cm). In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4C, the groove 112 may taper at an angle. For example, the width at the top of slot 112 may be less than the width at the bottom of slot 112. In other embodiments, slot 112 may not decrease at an angle such that the width of slot 112 remains constant along its length.In some embodiments, the length of slot 112 can range from approximately 1 inch (2.54 cm) to approximately 5 inches (12.7 cm). For example, the length of slot 112 can be approximately 3.5 inches (8.89 cm). Slot 112 can be configured to cooperate with fastening features, such as a bolt to secure a vertical pipe coupled to the concentric rings 105a'-e' of the in-line surface drain 104'. For example, a bolt (not shown). PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ or another safety mechanism (not shown) can be pushed through a slot 112 to secure the concentric rings 105a'-e' of the in-line surface drain 104' to the standpipe. In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise more than one slot 112. For example, the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise between two and ten slots 112, spaced circumferentially apart from each other. The plurality of slots 112 may be formed through the plurality of concentric rings 105a'-e' and may be spaced circumferentially apart from each other. For example, the in-line surface drain 104' may comprise between two and ten slots 112, spaced equidistantly circumferentially from each other around the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e'. Furthermore, as seen in Figure 4D, the drain of PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ surface in line 104', may comprise a plurality of anchor points 110, formed in the edge section 109. In some embodiments, the surface drain in line 104', may comprise from about two to ten anchor points 110, formed in the edge section 109. For example, as illustrated in Figure 4D, the surface drain in line 104', may comprise about four anchor points 110, formed in the edge section 109. The plurality of anchor points 110, may be spaced equidistantly circumferentially from each other around the edge section 110. For example, in Figure 4D, each of the four anchor points 110, may be spaced 90° apart from each other. In some embodiments, the anchor points 110 may comprise holes formed in the edge section 109.Anchor points 110 may include holes with diameters ranging from approximately 0.2 inches (0.508 cm) to approximately 1 inch (2.54 cm). For example, anchor points 110 may have diameters of approximately 0.5 inches (1.27 cm). The diameter of the anchor points 110 may depend on the size of a steel bar or other anchoring mechanism that is attached to the anchor points 110 to anchor the surface drain in line 104. Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary in-line surface drain 104, consistent with the embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, the in-line surface drain 104 may comprise a cylindrical structure 107 and a plurality of concentric rings 105ae extending or projecting outward from the bottom of the outer surface of the cylindrical structure 107. The cylindrical structure 107 may have a diameter in the range of about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 107 may have a diameter between about 12 inches (30.44 cm) and 20 inches (50.8 cm). In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 107 may have a PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ height in the range between about 3 inches (7.62 cm) and 10 inches (25.4 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 107 may have a height of about 7 inches (17.78 cm). In some embodiments, the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e may comprise different diameters and may be configured to detachably couple vertical pipes of different sizes and diameters. For example, concentric ring 105a may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 105b, concentric ring 105b may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 105c, and concentric ring 105c may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 105d. The plurality of concentric rings 105a-e may have diameters in the range from about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm).For example, concentric rings 105a-e can have diameters of around 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), 24 inches (60.96 cm), or 36 inches (91.44 cm). As illustrated in Figure 5, for example, the concentric ring 105d, of the plurality of concentric rings 105a-e, can be configured to accommodate in PAQfr iΠ / ZZΖ / E / YILI detachable form a vertical pipe 106c. The vertical pipe 106c may comprise, for example, a corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe. The vertical pipe 106c, however, is not limited to corrugated HDPE pipe and may comprise, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), corrugated polyethylene, corrugated polypropylene, fiberglass, or thermoplastic polymer. In other embodiments, the vertical pipe 106c may comprise a smooth external surface instead of a corrugated external surface. As shown in Figure 5, the concentric ring 105d may comprise an internal surface with an internal diameter corresponding to the external diameter of the vertical pipe 106c, such that the vertical pipe 106c is housed in the concentric ring 105d.For example, the 106c vertical pipe can have an outside diameter of around 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 20 inches (50.8 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), 24 inches (60.96 cm), or 36 inches (91.44 cm). With reference now to Figures 6A-6C, another exemplary in-line surface drain 204 is provided, consistent with the realizations in this disclosure. As shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the in-line surface drain PAQfr ίη / ΖΖΠΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 204 may comprise a cylindrical structure 207 and a plurality of concentric rings 205a-d extending or projecting outward from the bottom of the outer surface of the cylindrical structure 207. The cylindrical structure 207 may have a diameter in the range of about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 207 may have a diameter between about 12 inches (30.48 cm) and 20 inches (50.8 cm). In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 207 may have a height in the range of about 3 inches (7.62 cm) to 10 inches (25.4 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 207 may have a height of about 7 inches (17.78 cm). In some embodiments, the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may comprise different diameters and may be configured to be detachably coupled to vertical pipes of different sizes and diameters. For example, concentric ring 205a may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 205b, concentric ring 205b may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 205c, and concentric ring 205c may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 205d. The plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may have diameters in the range from about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm). PAQfr ίΠ / ΖΖηΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ For example, the concentric rings 205a-d may have diameters of approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), 24 inches (60.96 cm), or 36 inches (91.44 cm). In some embodiments, the in-line surface drain 204 may be coupled to the standpipe 206a and / or the standpipe 206b. The 206a and / or 206b riser pipe may have a diameter in the range of about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm).For example, standpipe 206a and / or standpipe 206b may have diameters of approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 20 inches (50.8 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), 24 inches (60.96 cm), or 36 inches (91.44 cm). In some embodiments, standpipe 206a and / or standpipe 206b may comprise, for example, a plain polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. In other embodiments, the riser 206a and / or the riser 206b may comprise a corrugated high-density polyethylene pipe. In yet another embodiment, the riser 206a and / or the pipe. PAQfr ίη / ZZΖΠZ / E / YΙΛΙ vertical 206b can be manufactured using, for example, corrugated polyethylene, fiberglass or thermoplastic polymer. As illustrated in Figures 6A-6C, the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may comprise a stepped internal surface. For example, each of the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may comprise a stepped internal surface. Alternatively, not all of the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may comprise a stepped internal surface. Preferably, one, two, or three of the concentric rings 205a-d may comprise a stepped internal surface, and the remaining concentric rings may comprise a smooth internal surface, such as the internal surface of the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d in Figure 5. The stepped internal surface of the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may allow the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d to accommodate vertical pipes of different diameters.For example, as shown in Figure 6B, the concentric ring 205a may comprise a first inner diameter 205a' and a second inner diameter 205a larger than the first inner diameter 205a'. Alternatively, the concentric ring 205b may comprise a first inner diameter 205b' and a second inner diameter 205b larger than the first inner diameter 205b', the concentric ring 205c. PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ may comprise a first inner diameter 205c' and a second inner diameter 205c larger than the first inner diameter 205c', and the concentric ring 205d may comprise a first inner diameter 205d' and a second inner diameter 205d larger than the first inner diameter 205d'. In other embodiments, the first inner diameter 205d' of the concentric ring 205d may be larger than the second inner diameter 205d, the first inner diameter 205c' of the concentric ring 205c may be larger than the second inner diameter 205c, and so on. Therefore, one or more of the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may be configured to accommodate vertical pipes of different diameters. For example, as illustrated in Figure 6C, the concentric ring 205d may be configured to accommodate a first vertical pipe 206a, with an external diameter corresponding to the second internal diameter 205d, and / or a second vertical pipe 206b, with an external diameter corresponding to the first internal diameter 205d'. Therefore, the concentric ring 205d may be configured to accommodate a first vertical pipe 206a, with a larger first internal diameter, and a second vertical pipe 206b, with a smaller second external diameter.In some embodiments, the stepped internal surface of the plurality of concentric rings 205a-d may allow one or more concentric rings to accommodate a plurality of types of vertical pipes, which have the same nominal dimensions, but have different outside diameters (e.g. a vertical pipe with an outside diameter of 6.275 (15.9385 cm) and a vertical pipe with an outside diameter of 6.625 (16.8275 cm). With reference to Figure 7, another exemplary in-line surface drain 304 is provided, according to the embodiments of this disclosure. The in-line surface drain 304 may comprise a cylindrical structure 307 and a plurality of concentric rings 305a-d extending or projecting outward from the bottom of an external surface of the cylindrical structure 307. The cylindrical structure 307 may have a diameter in the range of about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 307 may have a diameter between about 12 inches (30.48 cm) and 20 inches (50.8 cm). In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 307 may have a height in the range of about 3 inches (7.62 cm) to 10 inches (25.4 cm). For example, the cylindrical structure 307 can have a height of about 7 inches (17.78). In some embodiments, the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may comprise different diameters and may be configured to be detachably coupled to vertical pipes of different sizes and diameters. PAQfr ίΠ / ΖΖηΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ For example, concentric ring 305a may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 305b, concentric ring 305b may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 305c, and concentric ring 305c may have a smaller diameter than concentric ring 305d. The plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may have diameters in a range from about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, the 305a-d concentric rings can have diameters of about 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), or 24 inches (60.96 cm) or 36 inches (91.44 cm). In some embodiments, the 304 in-line surface drain can be coupled to a 306 standpipe.306 pipe can have a diameter ranging from approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm) to approximately 36 inches (91.44 cm). For example, 306 pipe can have a diameter of approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm), 6 inches (15.24 cm), 8 inches (20.32 cm), 10 inches (25.4 cm), 12 inches (30.48 cm), 14 inches (35.56 cm), 15 inches (38.1 cm), 16 inches (40.64 cm), 18 inches (45.72 cm), 20 inches (50.8 cm), 21 inches (53.34 cm), 24 inches (60.96 cm), or 36 inches (91.44 cm). In some embodiments, 306 pipe may... PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖ / E / YΙΛΙ may comprise, for example, a corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe. In other embodiments, the 306 riser may comprise a smooth polyethylene chloride (PVC) pipe. In yet another embodiment, the 306 riser may be manufactured using, for example, corrugated polypropylene, fiberglass, or a thermoplastic polymer.As illustrated in Figure 7, the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may comprise stepped external surfaces. For example, each of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may comprise a stepped external surface. Alternatively, not all of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may comprise a stepped external surface. Preferably, one, two, or three of the concentric rings 305a-d may comprise a stepped external surface, and the remaining concentric rings may comprise a flat external surface, such as the external surface of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d in Figure 5. The stepped external surface of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may allow the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d to accommodate vertical pipes of different diameters.For example, as shown in 7, the concentric ring 305d may comprise a first outer diameter 305d' and a second outer diameter 305d, smaller than the first outer diameter. PACI? Ln / Zznz / E / YIAI 305d'. In other embodiments, the first external diameter 305d' of the concentric ring 305d may be smaller than the second external diameter 305d. Accordingly, one or more of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may be configured to accommodate risers of different diameters. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, concentric ring 305d may be configured to accommodate riser 306, with an internal diameter corresponding to the second external diameter 305d', and / or a second riser (not shown) with an internal diameter corresponding to the first external diameter 305d. In some embodiments, the stepped external surface of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may allow one or more concentric rings to accommodate a plurality of riser types having the same nominal dimensions but different internal diameters (e.g., a riser with an internal diameter of 6.275 in (15.9385 cm) and a riser with an internal diameter of 6.625 in (16.8275 cm)).In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may comprise both the stepped inner surface(s) (such as the stepped inner surface(s) in Figures 6A-6C) and the stepped outer surface(s). Accordingly, one or more of the plurality of concentric rings 305a-d may be configured to PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ accommodates at least four different types of vertical pipes. Figure 8 is another illustration of the exemplary in-line surface drain 204 from Figures 6A-6C, and Figure 9 is another illustration of the exemplary in-line surface drain 304 from Figure 7. As discussed above, although in-line surface drains can be coupled to a vertical pipe such that the vertical pipe can be confined to a surface, the in-line surface drain can also be oriented horizontally to connect horizontally to other pipes and / or structures. For example, as illustrated in Figure 8, the in-line surface drain 204 can comprise a plurality of concentric rings 205a-d, and the concentric ring 205d can be configured to house and be detachably coupled to the vertical pipe 206a.Therefore, the in-line surface drain 204 can be detachably coupled to the vertical riser 206a, and a fluid (such as water) can flow vertically in the direction of the arrow through the cylindrical structure 207, through the concentric ring 205d, and through the riser 206a. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 9, the in-line surface drain 304 can be configured to house and be detachably coupled to the horizontal riser 306. Therefore, the surface drain in... PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ line 304, can be detachably coupled to the vertical pipe 306 horizontally, and a fluid (such as water) can flow horizontally in the direction of the arrows. As indicated by the arrows in Figure 9, in some embodiments, the fluid can flow bidirectionally and horizontally through the cylindrical structure 307, through the concentric ring 305d, and through the vertical pipe 306. In some embodiments, the cylindrical structure 307 can be configured to be coupled to other pipes or other structures. Furthermore, while illustrative embodiments have been described in this document, the scope includes any and all embodiments that have equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., aspects across various embodiments), adaptations, or alterations based on this disclosure. The elements in the claims are to be interpreted broadly, based on the language employed in the claims, and are not limited to the examples described in this specification or during the course of filing the application, which examples are constructed in a way that is not exclusive. Moreover, the steps of the disclosed methods may be modified in any way, including rearrangement, insertion, or deletion. It is therefore intended that the specifications and examples be PAQfr ίη / ZZΖΠZ / E / YΙΛΙ considered only as an example, with a true field and spirit being indicated by the following claims and their full field of equivalents.

Claims

1. An in-line surface drain, comprising: a cylindrical structure; and a plurality of concentric rings coupled to a cylindrical structure, wherein the plurality of concentric rings are configured to project outwards from the bottom of an external surface of the cylindrical structure, wherein the diameters of the plurality of concentric rings are different, and wherein at least one of the plurality of concentric rings is configured to detachably accommodate a vertical pipe.

2. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of flanges arranged on an external surface of the cylindrical structure.

3. The in-line surface drain of claim 1 further comprising: an edge section formed on an external surface of the cylindrical structure.

4. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, wherein the plurality of concentric PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ rings are cut from the cylindrical structure.

5. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, wherein one or more heights of the plurality of concentric rings are different.

6. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, wherein one or more heights of the plurality of concentric rings are the same.

7. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of concentric rings comprises an inner surface of a first diameter and an outer surface of a second diameter, and wherein the vertical pipe is configured to detachably couple to the inner surface of at least one of the plurality of concentric rings.

8. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of concentric rings comprises an inner surface of a first diameter and an outer surface of a second diameter, and wherein the vertical pipe is configured to detachably couple to the outer surface of at least one of the plurality of concentric rings.

9. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of concentric rings comprises a stepped inner surface or a stepped outer surface. PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ 10. The in-line surface drain of claim 9, wherein the stepped inner surface or the stepped outer surface is configured to accommodate vertical pipes of different diameters.

11. The in-line surface drain of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of concentric rings comprises a stepped inner surface and a stepped outer surface.

12. An in-line surface drain, comprising: a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of concentric rings coupled to a cylindrical structure, each of the plurality of concentric rings comprising an inner surface of a first diameter and an outer surface of a second diameter, wherein the plurality of concentric rings are configured to project outwards from the bottom of an outer surface of the cylindrical structure, wherein the diameters of the plurality of concentric rings are different, and wherein at least one of the plurality of concentric rings is configured to accommodate a plurality of vertical pipes of different diameters.

13. The in-line surface drain of claim 12, further comprising: PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ a plurality of flanges arranged on the external surface of the cylindrical structure.

14. The in-line surface drain of claim 12, further comprising: an edge section formed on an external surface of the cylindrical structure.

15. The in-line surface drain of claim 12, wherein the plurality of concentric rings are cut from the cylindrical structure.

16. The in-line surface drain of claim 12, wherein one or more heights of the plurality of concentric rings are different.

17. The in-line surface drain of claim 12, wherein one or more heights of the plurality of concentric rings are the same.

18. The in-line surface drain of claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of concentric rings comprises a stepped inner surface or a stepped outer surface.

19. The in-line surface drain of claim 18, wherein the stepped inner surface or the stepped outer surface is configured to accommodate vertical pipes of different diameters.

20. The in-line surface drain of claim 12, wherein a bottom of the internal surface PAQfr ίΠ / ZZΖηZ / E / YΙΛΙ of the stepped structure.

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